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Page 28 text:
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26 THE CADUCEUS THE UNITED NATIONS The United Nations, with headquar- ters in New York City, was founded Oc- tober 24, 1945. The organization is eight years old and still very effective. It is an association of sixty independent national states, formed by victorious nations of the Second World War to keep the peace that their efforts had won. The supreme goal of the United Nations is to end war. In the United Nations there are six main divisions: the General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council and International Court of Justice. The General Assembly is the largest of the six divisions. The assembly meets annually and sometimes there are special sessions. A President is elected at each session. The President this year is Madam Vijaya Pandit of India. The Assembly appoints the Secretary General. It considers and approves the United Nations' budget, receives reports from the other divisions and agencies in the United Nations, and makes recommendations for settlement of disputes in cases not handled by the Security Council, which is responsible for maintaining peace and security in the world. It can use force to stop aggression and keep peace. There are eleven members in the Se- curity Council, of which five are perma- nent members: China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States. Each of these Nations supplies one member to the Council. The other six nations are elected for 'two year terms by the General Assembly. Each member has one vote. Usually questions can be decided with a two-thirds majority. There are some decisions that within the majority vote, must include all votes of the permanent nations. Any one of the permanent nations has the right to veto it and the question is discarded. This power of veto has been a big prob- lem to the Security Council. The Secretariat has a permanent staff of three thousand workers who come from all parts of the world. The head of the Secretariat is the Secretary General who is appointed by the Gener- al Assembly for a five-year term. Dag Hammarskjold of Sweden was appoint- ed to this ofiice in April, 1953. The Secretary General has to make an an- nual report to the General Assembly on the work of the organization. The staff is appointed by the Secretary Gen- eral under regulations of the General Assembly. The Economic and Social Council con- sists of eighteen members of the United Nations elected by the General Assem- bly. Each member of the Economic and Social Council may have one repre- sentative. The Trusteeship Council adopts its own rules of procedure, in- cluding the method of selecting its president. The council meets as re- quired in accordance with its rules, which provide for the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of the members. Each member of the Council has one vote. Decisions will be made by a majority of the members. The International Court of Justice is the principal Judicial organ of the Unit- ed Nations. In the United Nations there are many specialized agencies. Here are some of the well-known ones: 1- FAO--Food and Agriculture Or- ganization, established October 16, 1945, to raise nutritional levels and liv- ing standardsg to make improvements in production and distribution of food. 2. UNESCO--United National Edu-
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