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Page 30 text:
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The top man: President Thieu visiting government posts in Danang Citizens and soldiers await transport to Neak Loeung. For Americans, peace in Vietnam January 15, 1973 - After 12 years of hell the American in- volvement in Vietnam ended. There were no parades; just sighs of relief and remarks of it ' s about time as Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the U.S., said after four years he had finally achieved peace with hon- or in Vietnam. The people of South Vietnam have been guaranteed the right to determine their own future without outside interference, said Nixon. The American people were in no mood to celebrate. The war took the lives of over one million per- sons, including 46,000 American soldiers, according to Time Maga- zine. It was difficult to find honor in a war that maimed, killed, and left homeless so many innocent women and children. This honor was best exemplified by the My Lai massacre. March 16, 1968, a com- pany of American soldiers, led by Lt. William Calley, killed over 175 civilians in the village of My Lai, South Vietnam. Yet the world continued to hope and pray for peace as it had many times since 1961. In December, 1968, when President Lyndon Johnson ordered a halt to the bombing, many people though that peace was at hand. However, the nation was to learn otherwise. In May, 1970, United States forces invaded Cambodia. Nixon, on the eve of the invasion said, If, when the chips are down the world ' s most powerful nation . . . acts like a pitiful, helpless, gi- ant, the forces of anarchy and to- Villagers carrying seriously wounded victim of Communist attack on Pochentong Airport in Cambodia. 26
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Page 31 text:
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talitarianism will threaten free in- stitutions throughout the world. These forces of anarchy and to- talitarianism appeared in the world ' s most powerful nation at Kent State College in Ohio when several students were killed by members of the National Guard during a May Day demonstration. Demonstrations were held at vari- ous college campuses throughout the country to protest the invasion of Cambodia. By 1972, American trust in Nixon was faltering. With the June release of the Pentagon Papers docu- menting the secret bombings that Cambodian woman uses a krama, or funeral shroud, for her dead husband. took place during 1969 under the direct supervision of the President, the people found it more difficult to believe the government. However the nation ' s faith was not totally shaken. Nixon achieved a landslide victory at the polls in Nov., 1972, over Democratic Senator George McGovern of South Dakota. Nixon was determined to end the war as he had promised. In Dec. ' 72, he ordered full scale bombing attacks on Hanoi in what Pope Paul VI later called a horror show and a new tragedy in the efforts for world peace. By Jan., 1973, thousands of homes had been destroyed and many were dead in what reporters called the heaviest bombing cam- paign in the history of warfare . . . making it clear there is no hope for peace at the present time. The international peacemaker: Henry Kissinger A copter settles down on Mui Tau mountain after soldiers recaptured the strategic hill. This new attitude toward North Vietnam made many Americans feel they could no longer trust their government. The administration could no longer justify the war in- volvement as a means of stopping the spread of communism. Nixon was busy making friends with the governments of Russia and China. When the ceasefire was finally announced there was little reac- tion. The family of U.S. Army Spe- cialist Fourth Class James Thomas Davis, the first American to die in Vietnam, has a difficult time under- standing what tremendous honor James had died for. He was dead and no amount of speeches and medals could bring him back. The families of the POW ' s were facing other problems. By banding together to publicize the ill-treat- ment of the captives, they were successful in initiating negotiations with the North Vietnamese. After months of talks a prisoner release plan was established. For the first time since 1961 the entire United States experienced peace and tran- quility. Although the soldiers had gone home the American involvement in Southeast Asia did not end. In June, 1974, Nixon requested $1.6 billion aid for South Vietnam. Congress approved nine hundred million dollars. In the winter of 1975, President Gerald Ford requested more money for Southeast Asia. Congress, con- cerned with the faltering economy, was reluctant to grant the request. — Mary Concannon 27
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