Noonan High School - Miner Yearbook (Noonan, ND)

Text from Pages 1 - 56 of the 1979 volume:

1979 MINER ECLIPSE: February 26, 1979 NOONAN PUBLIC SCHOOLS ! BOARD OF EDUCATION FRANK LUKACH, PRESIDENT CLARENCE SPOONpR, DIRECTOR VERNON TANBERC, DIRECTOR , ; H E MEUWlSSEN. CLERK EUNICE J1EUWISSEN. TREASURER L. L. EVANS, SUPERINTENDENT ARCHITECTS WELLS DENBROOK contractors SHIRLLY tONSIRUCTION COMPANY t. «, H. CONTRACTORS WESTERN SHEET METAL WORKS TALL i. KOf tf COMPANY ERECTED A. D. 19r 4 , | ™ __ . . I i Administration Principal: Norm Sortland School Board Seated: Superintendent Ron Stammen. Dave Walen. Dorothy Hanson. Standing: Darlene Hingst, Delores Aabcrg, John Fosland. Elaine Andnst. Roger Bloom, Charles Hansen. Kenny Heckman. Larry Clemens. 2 3 Noonan MR DALEBOUT MR. HAUGLAND MRS. HEIDE Trades Industry Vo. Ag. Business MRS. LUKACH 4-6 Grades MRS. LARSON Home Ec. MR. LOWE Math-Phy. Ed. 4 Faculty MR. McKIBBEN Math — Science MR MORLOCK Music MR OVERBO Business — Phy. Ed. MR PIERCE Science MRS. SCHULTZ English MRS. TROGSTAD 1-3 Grades 5 C. Many Horses Librarian Noonan Aides I. Hagen D. Fagerland Cooks C. Thvedt M. Clemens Basic Skills Basic Skills 6 G. Jacobs, M. Hansen. O. Sillerud Bus Drivers L. Hysjulien. J. Hysjulien Custodians Spint Award — 1978 District Tournament 7 Mi 'M - Mi KuiH 1978 Seniors Debbie Priebe Gerald Dhuyvetter Valedictorian Co-Salutatorian Glory Baker Mary Jo Dhuyvetter Sarah Dhuyvetter Bonnie Fenster 10 Monte Glasoe Jill Gunlock Gass Colors Forest Green Bright Green Bright Yellow Brenda Hansen Tamara Roness Kerry Wissvrod Dale Zimmerman Gass Motto “There is only one success, to be able to live your life your own way. Activities 1978 Glory Baker: Chorus 1 - 2, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Paper Staff 4, Daisy Mae (candidate) 3, Track 1 - 4, Basketball 1 - 2, Pom Pon 3-4, Cheerleader 1 - 2, Variety Show 1-2-3. Gerald Dhuyvetter: Student Council 2 - 4, President 4, Homecoming King 4, Lil’ Abner (can- didate) 2, Track 1 - 4. Football 2-3-4, Captain 4, Variety Show 1-2-3, Boys’ State 3, FFA 4, Salutatorian, All Conference Football 3 - 4 (defense offense 4th year). All Conference Shows 1-2-3. Mary Jo Dhuyvetter: Chorus I - 2, Pep Club 1 - 2- 3 - 4, Paper Staff 4, Annual Staff 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Track 4, Pom Pon 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Squad Leader 4, President 4, Vice-President 2, Plays 4, Variety Shows 1-2-3. Sarah Dhuyvetter: Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Ensemble 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Solo 1-3-4, Girls’ Chorus 3 - 4, Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Paper Staff 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Officer 4, Annual Staff 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Student Council Officer 1 - 3, Homecoming Queen 4, Track 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Basketball 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Captain 4, Cheerleader 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, President 1 - 3, Plays 4, Variety Shows 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Girls’ State 3, All Conference Basketball — first team 4, District Tourney team 4. Open Plains Tour- ney team 4, District Cheerleading Award 3-4. Bonnie Fenster: Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Daisy Mae (candidate) 1, Track 4, Basketball 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Captain 4, Open Plains Tourney team 3-4, All Conference 3-4, District Tourney team 3. Monte Glasoe: Football 3 - 4, Basketball 3 - 4, Boys’ State 3, All Conference team Football 4. Jill Gunlock: Chorus 1-2-3, Girls’ Chorus 1-2-3, Band 1 - 2 - 3, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Basketball 2-3-4, Pom Pon 2-3-4, Variety Show 1-2-3. Brenda Hansen: Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Ensemble 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Girls’ Chorus 3 - 4, Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Student Council 4, Track 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Plays 4, Variety Shows 1-2-3, Statistician 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Pom Pon 1 - 2 - 4, Squad Leader 4, Paper Staff 4, Annual Staff 4. Debbie Priebe: Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4: Ensemble 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Girls’ Chorus 3 - 4. Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, President 4, Vice-President 3, Paper Staff 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Co-editor 4, Annual Staff 3 - 4, Student Council 1, Homecoming Princess 4, Cheerleader 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Sec.- Treas. 2-3-4, Plays 4; Variety Shows 1-2-3, Girls’ State 3, District Spirit Award 2-3-4. Kerry Wissbrod: Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Ensemble 3 - 4, Girls’ Chorus 3 - 4, Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Paper Staff 4, Annual Staff 3 - 4, Track 1 - 2, Basketball 1 - 4. Statistician 2, Cheerleader 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, President 2, Sec.-Treas. 1, District Cheerleading Award 2-3-4, Plays 4, Variety Show 1-2-3, Girls’ State 3, Homecoming Chairman 3, Student Director (play) 4. Dale Zimmerman: Band 1 - 2, Homecoming Prince 4, Lil’ Abner (candidate) 3, Track 1, Foot- ball 1-3-4, Variety Show 3. Activities 1979 Sherry Baker: Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Ensemble 3 - 4, Girls’ Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Annual Staff 4, Homecoming Queen 4, Track 2-3, Basketball 1 - 2, Pom Pon 3, Cheerleader 2, Work Experience 4. Sec.-Treas. 1. Play 3, Variety Show 1 - 2. FFA 4. Dan Dhuyvetter: Student Council 3, Vice-President 4, Homecoming King 4, Track 3, Football 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Captain 4, Basketball 4, Sec.-Treas. 4, Variety Show 1 - 2, FFA 3-4. Cindy Ellison: Chorus I - 4. Girls’ Chorus 1 - 4. Band 1, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Annual Staff 2, Homecoming Princess 4. Pom Pon 2-3, Work Experience 4. Variety Show 1 - 2. Arne Espeseth: Chorus 1, Paper Staff 4, Student Council 4, Track 3 - 4, Football 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Captain 3 - 4. Basketball 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Captain 4. Sec.-Treas. 3, Play 3, Variety Show 1 - 2, Boys’ Stater 3. Junior High And PeeWee Basketball Coach 4. Marlyn Evenson: Band 1 - 2, Student Council Treasurer 4, Football 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Basketball 3, Pres. 2, Vice-Pres. I, Variety Show 1 - 2. Boys’ Stater 3, FFA 4. Doris Ann Haug: Chorus 1 - 4. Girls’ Chorus 1 - 4. Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Student Council I, Track 1, Janitor’s Aide 1 - 2, Work Experience 1 - 4. Gymnastics 1, Home Ec 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Jim Joyce: Chorus 1. Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Football 2-3-4. Basketball 1, Variety Show 2, FFA 4. Troy Kostek: Paper Staff 4, Student Council Officer 3 - 4. Homecoming Prince 4. Lil’ Abner 2, Track 2 - 4, Football 2-3-4, Pres. 4. Vice-Pres. 3, Play 3. Variety Show 2. Karen Larson: Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Girls’ Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Band I - 2 - 3 - 4. Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Vice-Pres. 3, Pres. 4, Annual Staff Editor 4. Homecoming Princess 4: Track 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Basketball 2-3-4. Basketball Statistician 4, Vice-Pres. 2. Variety Show 1-2. Cari Priebe: Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Ensemble 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Girls’ Chorus 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, Stage Band 4, Pep Club 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Homecoming Princess 4. Statistician (boys’ girls’ basketball football) 4. Honor Band 2, FFA 4. Tim Priebe: Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Paper Staff 4, Homecoming Prince 4, Football 4. Basketball 1 - 2-3-4. Captain 4. President 1 - 3, Play 3. Variety Show 1 - 2. Boys’ Stater 4. FFA 4. Craig Smithberg: Chorus I. Homecoming Prince 4. Track 3 - 4, Football 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Variety Show 1 - 2, Football Captain 4, Basketball 1-3-4. Vice-Pres. 4. FFA 4. Paul Verlinde: Band 1 - 2 - 3 - 4. Student Council Treasurer 3, Football 3 - 4. Variety Show 1 - 2, FFA 3 - 4. Seniors 1979 CLASS COLORS: Ice Blue Saphire Blue Buttercup Yellow CLASS FLOWER: Yellow Rose CLASS MOTTO: If we cannot do great things, we can do small things in a great way. Dan Dhuyvetter Cindy Ellison Sherry Baker Arne Espeseth Jim Joyce 14 Cari Priebe Tim Priebe Craig Smithberg 15 Juniors Julie Fjeld President Pat Joyce Vice-President Vonni Kostek Secretary-T reasurer Kevin Dhuyvetter Bruce Bohlman Tern Ellison Jeff Greaves Patti Roness Aaron Schultz Shayla Spooner Jeff Wissbrod 16 Sophomores Denise Dhuyvetler Donna Greaves Vice- Presidcn t Secretary-T reasurer 15 Robert Dhuyvetler Beth Baker Greg Ellison Steven Ellison Sherri Evenson Rodger Fenster Scott Hansen Lisa Magarahan Kevin Pnebe Wade Spooner 17 Freshmen - Laurie Zimmerman President Becky Twceten Vice-President Sandra Johnson Tim Heuer Secretary — Treasurer Lisa Kostek James Lagein Kyle Nygaard Linda Zimmerman 18 Grade 8 R. Baker C. Dhuyvetter S. Dhuyvetter J. Ellison J. Glasoe B. Johnson B. Joyce G. Tweeten Grade 7 19 Grades 1-3 (back) Enc Eidc. Chad Ra mo. Laurali Smith. Dann Fichtncr. Daniel Lindahl. Dallas Lund. Mrs. Trogstad. Nicky Sortland. (from) Frank Cotton. Darren Fagerland. Jamie Krecklau. Marc Sortland. Quana T eeten. Sheila Joyce. Brad Heuer. Chris Cotton. Angela Colton. Grades 4-6 (back) Mrs. Lukach. Beck Wickstrom. Renee Joyce. Sonja Johnson. Stephanie Anseth. Scott Johnson. David Magarahan. Todd Spooner. Noreen Steffins. Nellie Magarahan. Candace Baker. James Magarahan. Chris Dhuyvetter. Darin Tweetcn. Gary Fenster. 20 “Do You Trust Your Boyfriend?” (back) Sherrx Baker. Gerald Dhuxvetter. Marx Jo Dhuyvet- ter. Tro Kostek. Arne Espes- eih. (2nd) Julie Fjeld. Sarah Dhuxxetter Brenda Hansen. Debbie Pnebe. Adxisor Beckx Karnes, (front) Aaron Schultz, (not pictured) Tim Pnebe. 21 1977 Homecoming Candidales: (back) Monte Glasoe. Gerald Dhuyvetter. Dale Zimmerman, (front) Debbie Priebe. Sarah Dhuyvetter. Shelly Tanberg. 22 1978 Homecoming Candidales: (back) Troy Koslck. Dan Dhuyvetier. Tim Priebe. Craig Smithberg. (front) Sherry Baker. Karen Larson. Cindy Ellison. Can Priebe King Queen 23 “Just You ’N Me Jr. Class President T. Pnebe W. Christianson “Sharing The Night Together” Jr. Class President J. Fjeld G. Dhuyvetter 25 1979 — 8th Grade Graduation (back row) Ralph Baker. Charles Dhuyvetter. Steve Dhuyvetter. Jake Tweeten. (front row) Jan Ellison. Becky Johnson. Joy Glasoe. Bridget Joyce. Recognition Congratulations! The Moose Scholarship is given out annually to a Divide County student chosen by the Crosby Moose Lodge. The scholarship is based on autobiographies written by graduating seniors. Congratulations to the 1978 winner Jake Dhuyvetter and to the 1979 winner Arne Espeseth. 26 Graduation 27 28 Student Council (front) Lisa Kostek. Shayla Spooner, Troy Kostek. President Gerald Dhuyvetter. Paul Verlinde. Brenda Hansen, (back) Dan Dhuyvetter. Advisor Norman Sortland. Rob Dhuyvetter. (front) President Troy Kostek. Lisa Kostek. Advisor Norman Sortland. Joy Glasoe. Julie Fjeid. (back) Marlyn Evenson. Dan Dhuyvetter. Arne Espeseth. Rob Dhuyvetter. 1978-1979 Paper Staff (front) Patti Roness. Advisor Don Overbo. Wendy Priebe. (back) Julie Fjeld. Shayla Spooner. Vonm Kostek. Arne Espeseth, Tim Priebe. Troy Kostek. 30 1978-1979 Annual Staff (sealed) Sherri Evenson. Wendy Priehe. Sherry Baker, (standing) Vonni Kostek. Editor Karen Larson. Advisor Stanley McKibben. Beth Baker. Shayla Spooner. 31 1977-1978 Pom-Pon Girls (back) S. Evenson. M. Dhuyvetler. B. Hansen. J Fjeld. J. Gunlock. (from) S. Tanberg. C. Ellison. S. Baker, T. Ellison. G. Baker. (back) S. Spooner. L. Magarahan. J. Fjeld. T. Ellison. (3rd) D. Greaves, K. Larson. C. Ellison. S. Evenson, S. Baker. Advisor Janice Schultz. V. Kostek. (2nd) W. Priebe. B. Tweeten. P. Roness. L. Zimmerman. S. Johnson, C. Priebe, D. Haug. L. Zimmerman. (1st) B Baker. L. Kostek. 1978-79 Pep Club WELCOME Girl and Boy Staters 1979 33 Vonni Kostek. Shayla Spooner, and Julie Fjeld. 1977-1978 Chorus (back) Instructor Brucc Morlock. J. Fjeld. D. Pnebe. S. Dhuyvetter. D. Dhuyvetter. K. Wissbrod. S. Baker. S. Spooner. W. Chns- uanson. P. Roness. (middle) S. Johnson. K. Larson. V. Kostek. D. Greaves. L. Kostek. S. Evenson. C. Pnebe. B. Hansen, (front) J. Ellison. B. Joyce. L. Zimmerman. T. Ellison. B. Johnson. L. Zimmerman. J. Glasoe. B. Baker. W. Pnebe. 1978-1979 Chorus (back) V. Kostek. K. Larson. J. Fjeld. S. Evenson. P Roness. S. Baker. C. Pnebe. (middle) S. Spooner. C. Ellison. T. Ellison. D. Greaves, L. Kostek. D. Haug. Instructor Bruce Morlock, (front) L. Magarahan. L. Zimmerman. S. Johnson. B Baker. B. Twecten. L Zimmerman. W. Priebc. 34 1977-1978 Band (back) Instructor Bruce Morlock, J. Greaves. P. Verlindc. (middle) B. Baker. W. Pncbe. P. Joyce. J. Joyce, J. Wissbrod. T. Priebe, S. Dhuyvet- ter. D. Priebe. C. Priebe, S. Evenson. A. Schultz, (front) D. Dhuyvetter. K. Larson. D. Greaves. S. Baker. S. Spooner. K. Wissbrod. B. Han- sen. 1978-1979 Band (back) Instructor Bruce Morlock, S. Johnson. J. Greaves. P. Verlindc. (middle) B Baker. K. Larson. P. Joyce. J. Wissbrod. J Joyce. T Priebe. S. Evenson. A. Schultz, (front) W. Priebe. D. Dhuyvetter. D. Greaves. S. Baker. C. Pnebe. S. Spooner, L. Zimmerman. 35 1978 Football (back) Coach Norman Sortland. Stat. Brenda Hansen. Paul Verlinde. Jim Joyce. Craig Smithberg. Troy Kostck. Kevin Dhuyvetter. Monte Glasoe. Arne Espescth. Gerald Dhuyvetter. Marlyn Evenson. Student Manager Scott Hansen, (front) Greg Ellison. Rob Dhuyvetter. Jeff Greaves. Jeff Wissbrod. Dale Zimmerman. Dan Dhuyvetter. Bruce Bohlman. Pat Joyce. Steve Ellison. 1979 Football (front) Stat. Can Priebe. Bruce Bohlman. Troy Kostek. Jim Joyce. Jeff Greaves. Craig Smithberg. Paul Verlinde. Arne Espeseth. Kevin Dhuyvetter. Jeff Wissbrod. Coach Norman Sortland. Stat.. Vonm Kostek, (front) Tim Pnebe. Marlyn Evenson. Dan Dhuyvetter. Pat Joyce. Greg Ellison. Scott Hansen. Steve Ellison. Rob Dhuyvetter. Wade Spooner. 37 1978 Girls’A Squad • ' I o (back) Bonnie Fenster. Sarah Dhuyveiter. Denise Dhuyveiter. Shayla Spooner. Sherry Baker. Kerry Wissbrod. Karen Larson. Wendy Chris- tianson. Wendy Pnebe. Coach Lonnie Lowe, (front) Slat. Jill Gunlock, Slat. Brenda Hansen. 1979 Girls’A Squad (back) Janice Ellison. Lisa Kostek. Patti Roness. Shayla Spooner. Denise Dhuyveiter. Karen Larson. Sherri Evcnson. Donna Greaves. Terri Ellison. Joy Glasoe. Beth Baker. Wendy Priebc. (front) Stat Can Priebe. Coach Lonnie Lowe. Slat Vonni Kostek. 38 1978 Girls’ B Squad Stat. Jill Gunlock. Vonm Kostek. Beth Baker. Patti Roness. Sherrie Evenson. Sherry Baker. Karen Larson, Donna Greaves. Terri Ellison. Stat. Brenda Hansen, Coach Lonnie Lowe. 1979 Girls’ B Squad (hack) Janice Ellison. Lisa Kostek. Sherrie Evenson. Donna Greaves, Terri Ellison. Coach Lonnie Lowe, (front) Stat. Can Priebe. Tracy Kos- tek. Lori Bohlman. Joy Glasoe. Karen Dhuyvetter. Stat. Vonm Kostek. 39 1979 Boys’ A Squad (back) Arne Espeseth. Craig Smithberg, Kevin Dhuyvettcr. Wade Spooner. Dan Dhuyvetter, (front) Jeff Greaves. Bruce Bohlman. Jeff Wiss- brod. Pat Joyce. Tim Priebe. 1979 Boys’ B Squad (back) Kevin Priebe, Pat Joyce. Rob Dhuyvetter. Conrad Larson. Wade Spooner. Tim Heuer. Rodger Fenster. Greg Ellison. Steve Ellison. Scott Hansen, (front) Slat. Cari Priebe. Coach Lonnie Lowe. Stat. Karen Larson. 40 1978 Boys’ A Squad (back) Jeff Greaves. Gerald Dhuyvctter. Monte Glasoe. Kevin Dhuybetter. Arne Espeseth. (front) Tim Priebc. Terry Enger. Bruce Bohlman. Jeff Wissbrod. Marlyn Evenson. MINERS. District Tourney Champs!! 1979 District All-Tourney Team Girls’ C Team Basketball (back) L. Bohlman. B Joyce. D. Zim- merman. K Dhuysetter. T. Kostek. B Johnson. J. Glasoe. (froni) Slat. C Priebe and V Kostek. Coach Lonnie Lowe. Boys7 C Team Basketball (back) G. Glasoe, L. Wissbrod. L. Magarahan. G. Twecten. S. Dhuyvet- ter. M. Hansen. W Kostek. Coach Bruce Bohlman. Stat. J. Ellison. Coach Arne Espescth. (back) Coach Arne Espeseth. T. Tweeten. D. Magarahan. S Johnson. D. Tweeten. C Dhuyvetter. Coach Bruce Bohlman. (front) Stat. J. Elli- son. B Heuer. M Sortland. D. Fager- land. 42 Cheerleaders A Team (top) Wendy Priebc. Lisa Kostek. (bottom) Denise Dhuyvetter. Shayla Spooner. Donna Greaves. H Team (top) Lauri Zimmerman. (2nd) Vonm Kostek. Sherri Evenson. (bottom) Lisa Kostek. Terri Ellison. Football (back) Shayla Spooner. Denise Dhuyvetter. Donna Greaves, (front) Beth Baker. Wendy Priebe. 11 - irtf if it C Team Karen Dhuyvetter. Joy Glasoe. 1 racy Kostek. Darla Zim- merman. Pee Wee Stephanie Anseth. Becky Wickstrom. Sonja Johnson. Renee Joyce. 43 1979 Track (back row) Coach Lonnie Lowe. Sandy Johnson. Lisa Kostek. Joy Glasoc, Karen Larson, Arne Espcseth. Bruce Bohlman. Kevin Dhuyvettcr. Dan Dhuyvctter, Jeff Greaves. Jeff Wissbrod. Conrad Larson, (front row) Karen Dhuybctter. Darla Zimmerman. Bridget Joyce. Tracy Kos- tek. Jan Ellison. Becky Johnson. Laurie Zimmerman. Loren Wissbrod. Steve Dhuyvettcr. Mike Hansen. Garth Glasoc. 44 Where am I? There goes vour DIET. No. this way! Slow Dancing. OOPS 45 Our Business Friends Kostek's Market — Noonan Baukol-Noonan Inc. — Noonan Noonan Grain Company — Noonan Farmers Co-operative Elevator — Noonan Travel Inn — Noonan Joraanstad’s — Crosby Power Creamery — Crosby First National Bank — Crosby Columbus Kihle Jack Jill — Columbus Sorum's Westland Service — Crosby Stakson's Funeral Home — Crosby Noonan Farmers Telephone Co. — Noonan Blue Rock Products Co., Pepsi-Cola — Sidney Zimco Distributors, Inc. — Noonan Good Samaritan Center — Noonan Chet’s Mobil — Noonan Noonan Cafe — Noonan B B Hardware — Noonan Andy’s Clothing. Inc. — Crosby Coast to Coast — Crosby J. C. Penney Company — Crosby Neumann Drug — Crosby Gambles Store — Crosby Long Creek Mercantile — Crosby J. Co. Drug — Crosby Ekness Super Valu — Crosby Crosby Hide Fur — Crosby Anderson's Lumber — Crosby Ingwalson Motors Company Crosby Tuftedal Chevrolet Co. — Crosby Crosby Motors Inc. — Crosby Gerrells Co.. Inc. (sports center) — Devils Lake Oas Implement — Columbus Border Triangle Club — Larson Durick Brother’s Ford — Columbus Coca-Cola Bottling Co. — Sidney Dakota Theatre — Crosby Northwest Sporting Goods — Minot Burke-Divide Electric Co-operative. Inc. — Columbus indicates $ 10 contribution indicates $ 15 contribution