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Page 3 text:
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out for peace: keep alive the spirit of peace. live by the rules of peace: and forth- with protect the machinery for its maintenmce. Should we fail to make this outstmd- ing contribution. it would be a practical desertion of the cause of peace. md a tragic blow to the hopes of humanity. ' In meeting this problem. the American republics are in a peculiarly advm- tageous position. There are among us no radical differences. no profound interests or deep hatreds. On the contrary we are inspired by the impulse to be constmt friends md the determination to be peaceful neighbors. We recognize the right of all nations to handle their affairs in my way they choose. md this quite irrespective of the fact that their way might be different from our way. or even repugnant to our ideas. But we cannot fail to take cognizance of the inter- national aspect of their policies when md to the extent that they may react upon us. I. myself. am unalterably of the view that a policy leading to war may react upon us. In the face of my situation directly leading to war. can we therefore be other than apprehensive? In sustaining the firm determination that peace must be maintained. and that my country whose policies make war likely is threatening injury to all, I believe that the nations of this hemisphere must be in accord with governments elsewhere. I strongly entertain the hope that a united group of American nations may take com- mon action at this conference further to assure peace among themselves md define their attitude toward war: and that this action may not only demonstrate the happy position of the new world. but. though designed primarily for our own benefit. embody policies of world application. md correspond to the views and interests of nations out- side this hemisphere. There is no need for war. This is a practical alternative policy at hand. com- plete md adequate. It is no exclusive policy aimed at the safety and supremacy of a few. having others to struggle with distressful situations. It demmds no sacrifice comparable to the advmtages which will result to each nation md to each individual. In these- circumstmces the representatives of the twenty-one Americm republics should call the attention of the people of this hemisphere to the possibilities of dan- ger to their future peace and progress. and at the same time set forth the several steps that can well be undertaken as the most effective means of improving and safe- guarding the condition of permment peace. While carefully avoiding my political entmglements. my government strives at all times to cooperate with other nations to every practical 'extent in support of peace obiectives. including reduction or limitation of armaments. the control of traf- fic in arms. taking the profits out of war. and the restoration of fair md friendly eco- nomic relationships. We reject war as a method of settling international disputes, md favor such methods as conference. conciliation and arbitration. Peace cm be partially safeguarded through international agreements. Such agreements. however. must reflect the utmost good faith: this alone cm be the guar- antee of their significance and usefulness. Contemporary events clearly show that. where mutual trust. good-will md sincerity of purpose are lacking, pacts or agree- ments fail: md the world is seized by fear md left to the mercy of the wreckers. The conference has the duty of considering all peace proposals of merit. Let me enumerate md briefly discuss eight separate and vitally important principles md proposals. CORDELL HULL m
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Page 2 text:
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HE PRIMARY PURPOSE of this conference is to banish war from the Westem Hemisphere. In its eamest pursuit of this great undertaking, it is necessary at the outset to visualize numerous dcmgerous conditions and practices in gen- eral intemational affairs to the extent that they bear upon and affect the work of this conference. It is manifest that every country today is faced with a supreme alter- native. Each must play its part in determining whether the world will slip backward toward war and savagery: or whether it can maintain and will advance the level of civilization and peace. None can escape its responsibility. I The twenty-one American republics cannot remain unconcemed by the grave and threatening condition in many parts of the world. Our convocation here in Buenos Aires utters this hemisphere's common voice of its interest, nay, its intense concern, over the determination of this momentous question. The repercussions of wars and prepara- tions for wars have been so universally disastrous that it is now as plain as mathe- matical truth that each nation in any part of the world is concemed in peace in every part of the world. The nations of all the Americas, through their chosen delegates, have assembled to make careful survey and analysis of all aspects of their responsibilities: to take ac- count of their common duties, and to plan accordingly for the safety and welfare of their peoples. The Western Hemisphere must now face squarely certain hard realities. For the purpose of our undertaking, we must frankly recognize that for some time the forces of militarism have been in the ascendant in a large part of the world: those of peace have been correspondingly on the decline. We 'should be lacking in common sense if we ig- nored the plain fact that the effects of these forces will unavoidably have direct impact on all of us. We should be lacking in ordinary caution if we fail to counsel together for our common safety and welfare. It is bad enough when mcmy statesmen and peoples close their minds and mem- ories to the awful lesson taught by the millions of soldiers sacrificed by the World War: the shattered cities, the desolated fields, and all other material, moral and spiritual ravages of that conflict. n Still worse, that war has brought in its train wounds to man's heart and spirit, national hatreds and fears, the dislocation or destruction of indispensable political and governmental structure, and the collapse or cool abandonment of former high stand- ards of national conduct. The supreme tragedy is completed by the breakdown of the commerce of mind' and culture, the attempt to isolate the nations of the earth into sealed compartments, all of which have made war a burden not to be endured by mankind. The delegates of the American nations, meeting here in the face of these grave and threatening conditions, must realize that mere words will not suffice. From every wise and practical viewpoint, concrete peace planning, peace views, and peace ob- jectives are imperative. We must quicken our words and our hopes into a specific, em- bracing program to maintain peace. Such a program, adequately implemented, should constitute an armory of peace. It should comprise a structure affording all practical means for safeguarding peace. At a time when many other governments or peoples fail or fear to proclaim and embrace a broad or definite peace plan or movement: while their statesmerr are shouting threat of war, it is all the more necessary that we of the Americas must cry 'tax
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