New York University College of Dentistry - Dental Violet Yearbook (New York, NY)

Page 66 text:

GEQRGE B WALLACE ' u n nw mum uuuum mum umwwnvmw- uumuuu um li u .. ... H l fxfr ,six J A- 1 m 'l .. n Z --4 fs ,nf , 5,4623 E aes .fl ll ilu n ulu un i luuu llllllllllallllll lllllllllllluu lllllllll llll l llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll. A-'IE'-T SYN Qt 4: - SLE? x ' - 5 R A X Q f X 5 5 E A , 1,45 V x , , . , X 3 Y 2 E r A 'se .C : i 4 it XE - A bg 5' .. ll Q A fi A -X5 X E me xg f a gi.. E- X . 5 s E . x 2 X N 5 jf S X sg 2 . st Y E AN X .5 2- .E X - 5--,-1 . A Q ' ' ' ' Q Vs . x X Q X X? X Q t K J 9 ' E Q 5 X E E - V 1 -4 Xa Q X EEL Qt , -, g Q A X Xt I 'X xt Q X X : -.112 ef Q X X mg Y x 5: 5 - ll ll 'f 1 2 'W.., xx .-- llllillllllllllllllllilllllllllll lllllqlfllllfll ' 'QB' 5 z ,sf 17 V, S 4 ,H 1 P pl -1 A - in I li mini ummm n -. nm nn mmmml rm mmvnmmmmmln nfnllllilllli? gli Q if if E25 K ll 5...E -.--- Q9 .5 'rm 5 E sig .E :E 'l l, if I f ' : QFWAM CEQA' 'VIMQEV 'UM liv we in I , illIllllllllIlllllIllllllllllllllllllllll ull H N577 i llu muunu munml l l . ' Al l m l X ttyl I AQ X, ,lw X WW f V57 2E f i GEORGE B. WALLACE EMIL J. PELLINI Assn. Prof. - Is KAC N EUWHITH Inrtrurt nr CHARLES VETTER EMII. J. PELLINI CHARLES VETTER Adj. Prof. DAVIEI M KOLLEN lrulruftor I rnfesrur PHARMACOLOGY IN THE DENTAL CURRICULUM GEORGE B. WALLACE, M.D. The teaching of pharmacology as a branch of experimental science is of com- paratively recent origin. Until the last decade of the nineteenth century, the cus- tomary teaching was limited to the course known as Materia Medica. Physicians of the past generations were accustomed to prepare and dispense their medicines, and Materia Medica confined itself largely to a study of the botanical origin and phys- ical properties of drugs, with a listing of the conditions or diseases for which they in ra- mill ' ' H 'yu 1. :A in fag , I E 5 5-LE Eli ill! ..! ?Cli x ' A S al 4 f fig ....,, ,,,,.., ,..,, ,,,,, , sw iiisHlI!!..!F a g.1 l., .!..!!lG1f4, l '- i621

Page 65 text:

flllll F 1 I' ,f lcxcl l at .I l .- .... ' '.' llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll Q57 lm, .,.m.,mm,, ...nm ,mg lj ' v.,, A ', D ,' ii gflxi : S E .2 as sh V1 lil From 1905 to 1922 the subject was taught by Dr Lee and from 1922 to 1925 by Dr McQuillan now Associate Professor of the combined departments The latter of the two departments resulted from the consolidation of the New York University Medical College with the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1898 The pathological department of the latter was instituted in 1861 and pathology was at first taught in connection with surgery by Dr James R Wood In 1881 the professorship was given to Dr William H Welch who later was appointed professor of pathology and bacteriology at Johns Hopkins University Medical College In 1892 the chair was taken over by Dr Edward K Dunham who continued as professor after the union in 1898. The professorship of pathology in the New York University Medical College was held successively from its institution in 1852 until the union by Drs T M Markoe T C Finnel E G Janeway J W S Arnold L A Stimson and H P Loomis After the union Dr Dunham continued in charge until 1903 when he was succeeded by Dr Richard Pearce who later was appointed professor of pathology in the University of Pennsylvania Medical College and is now head of a research department under the Rockefeller Foundation After two years Dr Pearce was succeeded by Dr. Douglas Symmers who remained in charge for seven years when he was appointed pathologist to Bellevue Hospital. Dr. Symmers still retains his connection with the department as professor of gross pathology. Dr. Symmers' place was taken by Dr. Alexander Fraser who is the present head of the newly incorporated pathological department of the New York University College of Dentistry. . The course of instruction is in principle the same as that given in the Medical College. The outline followed has been chosen on the belief that the most important phase of the teaching of pathology to the student of dentistry as well as to the student of medicine lies in a thorough grounding in the fundamental principles of the subject in their relation to biology, chemistry, anatomy and physiology. The student who has mastered these fundamentals has little difficulty in applying them to the various diseases in different parts of the organism. From the practical side,' taking the view that disease is essentially a disturbance in function of the organism the various disturbances are taken up from the standpoint of etiology, f, A at .lx ll E lim!! E ig ef ,Am llll1lllflnlm.......' lllll E EEE structural basis and briefly the clinical phenomena that can readily be deduced 5 -.E from these. Though tissues from all parts of the body are studied during the course, the fundamental principles being everywhere the same, yet a special effort : - is made to favor the selection of material from the oral cavity, thus embodying 5 5 what might be called a .special course in dental pathology. A. Q r 2 - - 2 2 - - -' E 'i E .. - .S I' w,mf ' III q: fIII::':'l :a'l lllll Illv ll'IIllllIIIlllllllillllllllillllllll ' 1 . ul. .............. mmm....m.m....,,mu ,zu ---. ,Z-::l:..,ql , .--- I lm. , .F'i .l ' ':t:. 'i' :l EM MA W l: - i'i EZ?.' 'lT 'h lii'l'2?'e1'5ll Q 4 H - r f it I 5 .-:: EJ i , i 1 n E . . E 5 - E 5 : . O . . . E E E ' E E A ? . .S 9 1 7 2 2 h E ' al E 2 E ' ' g 2' 2 lf S x 5 . . I S K i Q 5 F 'E 952: I- z: Lvffi N531 EVE ENE SIE ali gig 3.6 'sz Eb: - 'I ll . lllllllllll 9 S I Ill 'III l 1 -wg llllllllll if 1, ag? g 5 Z 2 5 iii ll il' l n 'l Tf7I IIIlf5, 01 all. .-4l..ff-anti? ..... 5 i t .. l61l

Page 67 text:

its J in 'a 'I' .. ' ',' IIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllll umm ull 12557 I in mu ' lj ' i... , fi: E E 2-'-:E IUIIIIIIIII llll were thought to be beneficial Explanations of the actions of drugs were either entirely lacking or consisted in assumptions which were generally incorrect During the last half of the nineteenth century there gradually developed a school of pharmacologists who by the use of experimental methods began to examine into and accurately determine the actions of drugs on the living animal There arose also the class of manufacturing druggists who supplied the drugs which the doctor previously was obliged to collect and prepare for himself I this way there came about a lessened interest in the botanical and physical aspects of drugs and a greater interest in the exact manner in which they produced their effects The teaching followed these changes slowly and it was not much more than twenty five years ago that efforts were begun in the better medical schools to secure as instructors men whose main interest was in the experimental method and who had an adequate training and modern point of vievs for pharmacological '. 9 N 'L til' . nl lllm llll lllmllmlllll I - '-dc. , ,, gi J4t?'s,z'.-, litmuiin in nun ui uldI...1i??g'g . . . sg J s . : 5 . . if 2 rs . :QE g H Hliwlmmnllv nmnnumlu num nl Ill 11p1lI1l '1 .a9s-TEE Ejgm XT -gl n I mnul nn n......nn n nm nmm nunn v-UlllL'5,c'?P h-'f 'rug 2rlf::g:: l'fiv ' I IIII nww A 1 -u IIIII II iv .,-'E5ll!!F.?F E.!!.l7-fifl,'il. r ..l1.Z.-'1'.2f-ll..' Fliflllw 5 .- research At the present time all of the first class medical schools have independent ' : 5 departments of pharmacology manned by a full-time staff and the subject itself - g 5 has become one of the basic medical sciences The use of drugs as therapeutic - 2 a ents is no lon er an em iric one but is a rational a lication of harmacolo ical I ' S 8 P PP P S 2 2 knowledge 3 2 If the present status of pharmacology has been of slow development in the 2 E 1 E N E medical colleges, it has received still less attention in the schools of dentistry. The E W' gf ,E use of drugs in dental practise is a limited one. It is confined, in fact, to antisep- E ,xg E E tics, anaesthetics, protectives, irritants-escharotics, drugs which are used for local 5 E E l effects only. These effects, together with methods of applying the drugs can be ill 2.5 learned with no diH'iculty in a short time, and from a strictly practical standpoint, 5 : 5-:E ?-if A 2: : : might be considered all that the practitioner need know. But this knowledge gives g E to its possessor no conception of pharmacology as a science. It affords a certain 5.2 7 E . . . . . . . . . . 37 work in an approved manner, but it remains mechanical and there is no underlying . scientific basis for meeting new or unusual conditions. EE p Q That dentistry should be a learned profession and not a highly developed Q , l 3 l 5 system of mechanics is generally recognized. The view is held more and more l j E i 5 widely that dentistry should be a specialty in medicine in the broad sense of this ii f T i mechanical facility, which it is true may result in carrying out a certain piece of 7 Y 3 5 : : term. To use an example, it should not be compared to optometry, which often ?.-'E 5: E 2 Fgq ii i- 5 5. means a mechanical fitting of eyeglasses, but to ophthalmology, which considers E :E' not only all phases of eye disease, but also the relationship of the body as a whole to eye function and disease. The acceptance of -this view means that the dental F-'E student must have a sound scientific foundation in physiology, pathology, chem- : F istry, pharmacology, comparable to that given the medical student. On this broad foundation he builds up his specialty, on which he becomes able to speak with the same authority, breadth of view and scientific exactness that his medical confrere EF exercises on a medical specialty. gf The present course in Pharmacology and Therapeutics has been arranged to gg afford the proper scientific background for rational therapy. In the second year, 2 v by means of lectures, recitations and experimental laboratory work, a general view 'A E I and understanding of Pharmacology as a whole is developed. In the third year a : ' ' if g s aqjg ,lllllllll Wa In ll H I l 152' I ulllllllll l 63 l