New York University College of Dentistry - Dental Violet Yearbook (New York, NY)

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'-H ll I 'l ' ' 'l ' I '11-ya ':2C'fa,v llII Lf1s51!!!!!?F 9lmmarfff:fs:::fF'F..!!ll-ff.ff'.,'.il., i ,,l,.'..'f1'.2f-Tl!!!..' t1'::zafs'faaiiaa:1:! F1..!!lE:'1,P my was .5 +-' to ,,5 , U 5 important subject by the philosophic researches of M Pasteur who has demon f- i f' 1: strated by thoroughly convincing evidence that it is not to its oxygen or to any : 'E of its gaseous constituents that the air owes this property but to minute particles i--- - suspended in it which are the germs of various low forms of life long since 5 - revealed by the microscope and regarded as merely accidental concomitants of - g putrescence but now shown by Pasteur to be its essential cause resolving the E - -E I complex organic compounds into substances of simpler chemical constitution just E : E as the yeast plant converts sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid E L. 2 i From these beginnings modern surgery lifted up its head into a clearer i Q E - atmosphere as to cause and effect and the- whole subject of wound infection from 2 : - that point on has become one of the most brilliant chapters in the history of Pre- 5 'l ventive Medicine 5 :i : Time with experience brought about importint modifications in Listers 5 2 E practice but his theory remained steadfast and accepted. Specific antiseptics were 13. E - ? devised and advised. Most of them come upon the stage passed in review before ' 5 ' medical mentors and disappeared with but a memory of their existence : Air the atmosphere which we breathe for a long time considered a dreaded - j W enemy that carried disease came to be recognized as a kindly friend when properly E : E 2 treated Surgical cleanliness a germ-free environment-such are today recognized 5 X f ' ' - - i E n - - 5 Al 2 as the essential factors in the proper practice of surgery. E 5 Efmj E Instead of having our oHice shelves littered with many varieties of so-called g I NE 2 1: E E antiseptics and our emergency kits choked with medications, we now resort to heat,. E E E l-'E to light, to soap and water and to the nail brush, while our medicinal armamen- E :. 5 ,E ' E12 tarium consists of alcohol and a few simple chemicals. :A- z -.. :' E ga:-E E25 5.5 Asepsis has supplanted antisepsis. The great underlying truth that wound . infection comes from without the wound and that it flourishes under appropriate Ek? Q 1 i conditions, but that it may be eliminated by appropriate measures, today holds I N 285 i E5 sway. l Modern Oral Surgery-that is, the type of oral surgery which we acclaim as ' E . 1 I i . E a 5 E being most worthy of the name-dates back to the advent of local anesthesia. The 5 p l pioneer work in this particular field is not limited to any one individual. 2, 5 Q ig Richardson in 1866 obtained anesthesia of the skin by means ofthe ether 5 gn: EE spray, the application of which in a limited degree, is considered correct practice E 5 to this very day. Koller in 1884' demonstrated the remarkable anesthetizin owers of Cocaine. -- 8 P - - E - : E 5 Halstead fBaltimorej in 1885 suggested conduction anesthesia, a method S E F:-.-c - gifwwp I Ilmm -mlllflm im-ni llnuuuuunmnmm llllllmg' 1nIlrjl inunn u Tull R11 in-plum. y , ..1 . ,M I m - in ill ll fn ' gj-fvjlgi. nu m' llllrnlll .lllihml IT.llllllllllllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllilllllll li W-E5 ei 'IllIlllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll ig' l In .init illlll-.llhlrirn 1, A . ' . Lf vid E 3 ' S li E S , I 2 E E 9: ' ' I E a 2 vt i E E 5 :- E , E E' E ' i . E Z S 2 - E 3 . 5 Z I5 , , . . ' 5 fl S : : : : - ' ' : : 2 - , E E Eli . . sig E fl j . . E fx E : xx 5 , : lf E . , E I e A A which is used so successfully today. Instead of injecting the anesthetic solution near the tooth to be anesthetized, he injected it near the trunk of the inferior dental nerve. I ' ' I D E-ig Cocaine, lauded as a blessing to mankind, because of a long trail of operative 5? and post-operative by-effects, maintained its supremacy merely because no sub- stitute had been found for it which eliminated the dangers concomitant upon its i employment. Many practitioners of dentistry dreaded to use this powerful anes- Q 5 thetizing agent because of the dangers coupled with its uses. i E f 345 E15 T Eli W 5 i f ffm in ' 'H I nl. W' 1- II ' l54l

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if ll organic substances, we find that a flood of light has been thrown upon this most ,,q,!-,- ' ',,: 'lllIIF'1 - 'U . Ill llllfl Wlilill llll llllllillllllllllllll v ff I I, ,..l.1..,...,...... I ll.,....,.., ,ummm .1 ----. I y---. !,,,1m,,,..4-W , H I ,f 11.0.W..--.-'-nl! 1i'.n... wfwasamz fvrozga' al f,,, gi . .1.. ...A . ..llu.,. ,., llu lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll It lnuummm:munmumunumnll .J ...,. Ill.. ilu.. I ..i. 3 ': turesg he also was familiar with the structure and with the diseases of bones and 'EYQ 5 .7 of joints. Much that he Wrote in the long ago is still sound, although many of his E conclusions run counter to what modern experience has taught us. F: The stamp of truth may be afiixed to practically all the genuine work of mf ' - Hippocrates. He reported his results, good or bad as the case might be, resorting E E - to no attempt at extenuation in the narration. He described faithfully and graph- - E ically what he saw, demonstrating a clear conception of many of the surgical 5 ,, .. lesions which came to his notice. The surgical methods of treatment which he E ' :Q employed were rational. What he knew by experience he taught to others. -- Modern surgery received its greatest impetus as the result of the brilliant work 3 of Lister and of Pasteur, supplemented by the achievements of Koch and of ' 3 iii Ehrlich. Osler asserted that the outcome of the researches of Pasteur upon fer- 'i il mentation and spontaneous generation represents a transformation in the practice l if LE of surgery which has been one of the greatest boons ever conferred upon humanity. I if It had long been recognized that at times a wound healed without the formation iff of pus, that is without suppurationg but both spontaneous and operative wounds W elif were almost invariably associated with a suppurative process which frequently jf. fly assumed a putrid stage, the general system becoming seriously affected and the X patient dying of blood poisoning. So common was this occurrence that many QV lg fi surgeons feared to operate, believing that from without came the germs which gli il 3' caused the decomposition of wounds just as sugar solution, through the germs which came in contact with it, caused fermentation. A young surgeon in Glasgow, Joseph Lister, applied the principles of -N ,. .. -, 1 ,i fi Pasteur's experiments in treating cases of this kind. In the London Lancet H8673 2' i there appears the following from I,ister's original paper: 1, 1 : E ' - Turning now to the question how the atmosphere produces decomposition of j: I 1 I ' f L 5.5 as l l 'S- -E - 2 2 E E E' 2 3 un ' aug gag 5,55 its gag f-3 Pl. w Q 743 if i 2 l li.: fi . 5 i i l 5 A I 'l ORAL SURGERY-MORNING CLINIC ' 5 , lllllllllll Ilnmn ' umnlll N1-5n.':i-'55-.yi 1. ',,,,m,,, - SWS ui r. ......... .,.... , .... fr lf' l!!f!25!WQ Wj'3:g'f1'1L'll.1i11y',, , H920 'JL' n1'31...ll l H ::1: mnl1'friQiW!1u?Fll l llllQpj'l I K nu ,ILQAQ im lu 1 iyililu ll i H31

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mf' ' 'ul' ' p I l,ll U Q aa .:afvfvm.,a 55 wrong? g - ' ., A,41. M.-1 5 - 'Q f lx E THE SATURDAY CLINIC E Ny' E Q I E The possible and probable sequelae of Cocaine usage in dentistry caused a Q ' N2 great many practitioners to fear it, with the result that cases requiring the extrac- E g tg- tion of teeth were often referred to those who administered nitrous oxide, and E AE cases requiring surgical interference of a more serious nature were referred to a 5 .5 general surgeon who, with hospital facilities available, could operate upon his :.- : e 54? and intimate knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the buccal cavity better fitted him to operate in such cases. ,--E patient under general anesthesia, even though the .dentist realized that his specific . --5 l A new era in dentistry came with Einhorn's discovery of Novocaine C1905j, l A Y 5 3 since this product fulfills all the requirements of an ideal local anesthetic for g l 5 5 mouth surgery. And now the pendulum is swinging in the opposite direction in 3 5 : is E E 2 'E that the general surgeon refers many cases to the dental or oral surgeon for .E-L. E '-' i 3 E 5-:EE treatment, and rightly so, as there is no one better qualified than the properly 5 :3 trained dental surgeon to care for these special lesions. It is reasonable to suppose that the earliest form of dental surgery was the E g extraction of teeth. Barber-surgeons, by means of an instrument called a key, A I b si! mul' lu ly llnmmqu J: lilllllllllllllllllllllIIllIllIlllllllllllllllllllv In'rpnInnummullulllnnlllmlllllnll ll -nlxllmillrijl Im mm' ..llnl.... i UyiillllllllllIllIlIlllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll- 'GE-'7 .fl illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Illlt lf' i H ...nll..d.llu.. hl..r. Eifzlkg 'Tv' 7?- Q .: - Ex E li 5-3 .1-'E Q E A A 5 3 E .- r 1 E 5 S 5 . 'J' 2 5 - E E 5 g A . 1 E 5 2 2 2 S E ' c E E : 3 E 2 E Z :I 5 a 5 F 5 wal: E i 5 : ll .- , W 2 s ' l E l E gfxl E 5 'V 5 2 XE l l fi 77 kv meh : f i - I E F' '3 were the earliest practitioners of this phase of dentistry. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes in a humorous vein, wrote in effect that it was a key indeedg it may have opened the door of the sufferer in due time, but while the bolt was turning, the victim thought he was in that other place where the man must be who invented gig QE that instrument of torture. q Lg Today, the procedure is far different. The patient enters the dentist's oHT1ce f Pl-3 and is given a local or general anesthetic, has one or more teeth submitted to the ffl l 1 embrace of the forceps or elevator, looks about him and asks when you are going i l Lf to begin. 3 E 5 -1. '- --4--- in-mu- f 'l v 'uw-u fy nnnuv' rl 'iltwllllfxwirmrwffffrfr -'i Ii'IIll' 'll H926 Il' l1nuinn1WrFrf'liiirafifliillllllllbiiri' 1' - k.li ': J.ullu:- .4..i'lllliu. 'Illu-.T ' .. ll ll X Illl.. ' linlllll' ..llli'l'..u. -:lllu-k 'li.f wi