New York Medical College - Fleuroscope Yearbook (Valhalla, NY)

Text from Pages 1 - 240 of the 1937 volume:

W 1937 FLE UR-O-SCOPE FLEUR-O-SCOPE NINI'-: l'E1-:N HUNDRED Ti-IlR'l'Y 3EVZEN PUBLISHED BY THE STUDENTS NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Sz FLOWER HOSPITAL NEW YORK CITY THE SANDS OE TIME flow on as into the smooth Waters of the Silvery beach or the turbulent clouds of a Wind-swept Sahara. Each page of this volume shall be as a grain, stilled and removed from that mad flow, a drop in a sea of reminiscences. Each Written Word shall stand as a thought or deed, as a hope or ambition for every one of us. But the book in its entirety shall be an expression of our loyalty to our Alma Mater, and of the Spirit of comradie and good-felloW- ship that prevails among us. lt on oc- casion the recollections conjured up by it add a little glow to the Sunset of our youth, the book will have served its purpose. Within it We are together for the last tirney let it serve as our Spiritual bond. So farewell to these four years and give applause. FOREWORD CONTENTS .ADMINISTRATION F A CTU L T Y STLHDENT BODY L IT'E RZXR Y ACITITJITI ES ANNOUNCEMENTS WE DEDICATE The 1937 Fleuroscope To LAURA FLORENCE, MA., BSC., PhD. ln sincere appreciation for her untiring efforts in the realm of Medicine, for her thoroughly organized didactic pro- cedures, and tor her consistent kindliness and friendliness to the students of the College. I I I I ADM . N . W I HO N OMNE BONUM DESUPER ALL GOOD IS FROM ON HIGH PRE-CLINICAL CLINICAL Dean Claude A. Burrett DEAN CLAUDE A. BURRETT under whose guidance our school has taken rapid and enormous strides toward an eminent position in the medical World. lntelliqence, initiative, and unbounded energy have stamped him a natural leader. We thank him for the unexcelled clinical facilities and the excellent faculty with which he has provided us. We 1 . ., .. lf, ' K 'flu tm A -f.fm.Q3'1 'J hu- fm.. A1 Xf!:'5f1f. Q' Z5!??'f.-,Z L.A.,3ga.k.i W: , ,MJ M. N., nf give? . '-M -- . ' a 5155, 1' .. ..-5' V4 5. -Muff NA .' n',3ve,,,, sy .Wim Charles D. Halsey CHARLES D. HALSEY, President of the Board of Trustees, ever steeped in the time-consuming problems of modern finances, who has been devotinq his thought, time, and experience to the college of which we are so proud. Progressive and practical, much oi the school's excellent reputation is due to his splendid cooperation with our Dean. BCARD CF TRUSTEES '1937 Allen, Dr. 1. Wilford 1937 Hemphill, Clifford 1939 Baldwin, William M. 1938 Hills, lames M. 'l937 Birch, Dr. Charles E. 1937 Link, George, lr. '1938 Blackman, Dr. William 1937 Mathes, lames M. 1939 Buek, Thomas C, 1939 Moore, Dr. Samuel B. 1938 Childs, Evesley, lr. 1938 PUSSY, George S. 'l939 Dowling, Dr. 1. lvimey 1939 Pollock, Robert Thomas 1937 Eagle, 1. Frederick 1937 Presbrey, Charles 1939 English, Wm. H., lr. 1937 Everett, loshua B. 1939 Halsey, Charles D. President ............... Vice-President ....... Vice-President ...... Treasurer ......... Secretary ,..... Alumnus. 1938 1939 1938 OFFICERS Dr. Bitch, Dr. Orando S. Tinker, Edward B. Todd, Webster B. Charles D. Halsey William W. Blackman Clifford Hemphill Eversley Childs, lr. lames M. Hills Seventeen CASSANDRA E. YOHANNAN Recorder Eighteen T. A. W. HETRICK Assistant Dean FRANKFURTH N J' A. W. HETRICK, our Assistant Dean, ' Whose untiring efforts to select stud- 91'1'fS Worthy of our school is seldom noted, but none the less greatly appre- C1CttIed. A thoughtful practitioner, and UH intelligent teacher, he is a real asset to Qur institution. Cassandra Yohannan, Recorder, a most necessary and integral part of the SChool executive pattern. Energetic, helpful, and sympathetic, her thoughts Cffelalways for the students' welfare. 'Vf11'1Cent L. Frankfurth, Assistant Su- perintendent, Who has done all in his POWer to smooth hospital-student rela- tions. ,Ralph Lee, Cashier, who has always q1V91'1 advice and assistance to the Students in financial difficulty. t Misses Reister and Wheeler, Secre- aries to Dr. Burrett and Dr. Boyd, for Wl'lOSe lcindliness and aid, the students GTG CJS1'1L1iI'1ely appreciative. REISTER WHEELER ?. Nineteen Dr. Chrisman G. Scherl Dr. Chrisman G. Scherf, Superinten- dent of Metropolitan I-lospital. Under his administration, the Metropolitan has gained the reputation of beina one of the finest of our city hospitals. Not only has he considerably improved in- terne traininq, but-in conjunction with our Clinical Professors, he has made all of its splendid clinical facilities available to our students. Dr. Randolph A. Wyman Dr. Randolph A. Wyman, Assistant Superintendent of Metropolitan Hospi- tal, has ably assisted Dr. Scherf in the administration of the institution. ln im- mediate contact with our students, he has accomplished much to make easier and better our clinical Work. Lindsley F. .Cocheu L INDSLEY F. COCI-IEU, Faculty Advi- sor to the editorial board, whose un- failina advice was always available, and most appreciated. If We have succeeded in our modest endeavor, all credit belongs to him. Where We have failed, the blame rests upon us. FAC U I HINC LUCEM ET POCULA SACRA FROM THIS SCURCE WE RECEIVE EIGHT AND DRA1-'Ts OF LEARNING '- qw fx- -,4 xg.. AJ 'XX , . 1 ,usa V 'lf A ,' . xa, 13 ,. ... M.,-...- x --g IA' fl? Liagkg M A 1 af .V i 'Y ',u , we, .. . L1 ,r Ji ln 43 M. 4 .nw-. .--H Q' Y ' al if asuunm.. ., -.., I W-,Q 4, is -4' ,A ' X , N. s. ,... Q X 4-.HJ wwf .LW 4 M4 r ,LV I ' P 'V :Z 4' P figs. ......., I-of NW aw A I 3? f k.fl- f L ' 14, sf wg 1 , 5 lr F'-Q is 'I' is KQQ i t THAHALDSEN HAYNER ADLER MEDICINE itself is an highly intricate composite of all the basic sciences .... Of these the science of Anatomy furnishes the real skeletal framework for all branches of medicine .... The present head of the department, Dr. Maraffino, succeeds, pro tempore, Dr. Tharaldsen .... The latter, whom we all remember only too vividly, is rapidly recovering from a severe illness .... A striking contrast is presented in the methods of the two men .... Dr. Maraffino believes that the medical -degree, four years distant, is suffi- ciently important to the student to stimulate his pro- found interest in anatomy .... Dr. Tharaldsen's techni- que consists in so involving the student in anatomical study that almost all thought of a degree is subjugated . . . . Thus did The Boss come into being. Dr. Halfman, professor of applied anatomy, instructs the sophomore class in the principles of surgery as applied to anatomy .... Dr. Evans, only recently added to the staff, is research professor of anatomy .... His knowledge of comparative anatomy has amazed even the most blase student .... Dr. Hayner, associate pro- fessor, inspires profound fear' in the man who isn't properly prepared .... His strict sense of justice, how- ever, makes him sought by the man who is prepared. . . . Placidly would Dr. Adler puff on that perennial pipe while pondering new methods of student torture . . . . He is well known as the founder of the Umbrella Club .... The kindliness of Dr. Ruggeri, however, off- set such experiences. Despite- the temperament of an operatic star, Dr. Fierro has endeared himself to the student by his patience and understanding C?l . . . A seeming paradox but true .... Dr. l-lerlitz daily migrates from -distant Flushing to instuct the freshmen .... Dr. Bernard Maraffino, younger brother of the present departmental head, is almost apologetic when he is forced to fail a student .... When Dr. Cantwell fails a man, there is no doubt but that the man absolutely deserved it . . And so the department of Anatomy .... Every in- structor a distinct personality .... To every student, perhaps, a barrier to be surmounted before he can obtain that coveted passing grade. Twenty-eight ANATOMY ITISTCDLOCSY EMBRYOLOGY NEUROANATOMY STARK ALLEN CARPENTER AMONG the mysteries to be probed by the incoming freshmen is the science that deals with the micro- scopical study of tissue. . . And the development of new human beings .... It is indeed difficult at first for the student to either visualize or interpret what he sees in this new field .... For it is a new field to most freshmen . . . . lt lets down a veil that hides a vast panorama O1 the unexplored, and, to the uninitiated, apparently unrelated facts .... Here is laid the basic structure for a full comprehension of the physiology of tissue .... Thru the ability of the student of Medicine to recognize normal tissue was the science of Pathology founded . . . . And thus are understood the principles of medi- cine. The professor and head of the department is Dr. Mary Stark .... We do not recall just how Dr. Stark im- pressed us as freshmen .... We were kept far too busy to have formed many impressions .... But now in retrospect we realize the task she assumed .... That behind that seemingly heartless driving was a real human and warm heart .... That her rigid dis- cipline was for- our own good .... We only trust that some day we shall prove worthy of that wisdom and philosophy of life she tried to instill in us .... Infinite care and much patience, born of many years of peda- gogical experience, were taken by Dr. Ezra Allen, associate professor of the department, in an attempt to equip us with the proper technique for microscopic work .... With this established, he launched us upon his specialty .... Sex and Internal Secretions .... Energetic as he was, we were never permitted to lag behind the pace he set for us .... Dr. Allen Carpenter. instructor in Histology-Embryology, was the one to whom we looked when a difficulty arose pertaining to medicine itself .... He worded his explanations in our language, so that, the phenomena we saw under the microscope became clear. To all three members of this department, we express our sincere appreciation .... To Dr. Stark, for her phil- osophy and patient guidance .... To Dr. Allen, for his kindliness and devotion to detail .... And finally, to Dr. Carpenter, for his understanding of our difficulties. Twenty-nine PATHOLOGY 219' I i Thirty l T n l l YOULAND SACCONE THIS DEPARTMENT, together with the department of Anatomy, forms the basic science on which the whole superstructure of Medicine is founded ..... Formerly presented to the student as a two year course, in September, 1935, it was included in the curriculum as a one year subject .... Thus, actual didactic instruc- tion is now confined to the sophomore year only .... Medical men, however, never cease to be students of this science .... Pathologists throughout the world are ever exchanging with one another bits of knowledge on this subject .... The eventual aim, of course, being that of any of the numerous branches of Medicine .... Ex- pressing new discoveries in terminology understood by all .... Thus making modern methods and findings available to the student .... Who, after all, is the physician of the future. Personalities in the department .... Dr. William E. Youland, loquacious Professor of Pathology and head of the department at F lower-Fifth Avenue Hospital .... His knowledge of this profound subject is so vast that ofttimes he finds himself unable to make clear to the student some of the aspects of this subject .... His proud boast is that no student has learned to think until he has passed his course .... Dr. Andrea Sac- cone, associate professor, efficiently guides the desti- nies of this department at Metropolitan Hospital .... Who will forget his keen eyes or his reverberating laughter? .... His facial hirsutism is the envy of those students who wish to, but cannot, raise an ordinary mustache .... The acting medical examiner of New York City, Dr. T. A. Gonzales, ably led us through the mysteries of post mortern examination in our sophomore year .... Dr. Alfred Angrist, the third associate pro- fessor on the staff, is well remembered by the gradu- ating class for his terse clear logic in making us conscious of the change produced in tissues by the tubercle bacillus .... Dr. Francis Speer we knew through all the trials and tribulations that beset a student in those hectic sophomore and junior years . . . . Finally, Dr. Helen Potts, a recent acquisition to the staff. An important, but frequently unknown, subject to many practitioners is Pathology .,.. It is, however, rapidly coming into its own .... More and more is diagnosis being based on knowledge of this subject . . . In the future all therapy shall be based on it. BOYD SCHABF THE GROUNDWOBK for a knowledge of Therapeutics I is initiated in the sophomore year .... The student discovers, to his intense dismay, that there are some Subjects more difficult to absorb than Anatomy .... Phamacology is the first of these bugbears that he en- Counters .... A complex study, it includes not only a Ctetailed knowledge of the action of drugs but also con- sists in the proper application of drugs as therapeutic Cigents .... The Neophyte, naively interested in the Sufqical aspects of Medicine only, finds it difficult to understand why he must assimilate a knowledge of this Subject .... Altruistic reasoning, however, is quickly relegated to the background when he is made to realize that surgical technique is merely o: portion of medical therapeutics. Dr. Boyd, head of the department, is seldom seen by the student during the sophomore year .... Details of his character, however, are ably furnished by upper- Classmen .... Who meet him too often for their own convenience .... Dr. Scharf is the man on whom Dr. BOYd depends for a proper presentation of the course to the students .... Dr. Lord, now resigned from the fUCUltY, cooperated with Dr. Scharf in instructing us two Years ago .... Dr, DiBlanda and Dr. Berger are Clntitheses .... The latter's traits more commonly Olssociated with members of the rodent family, while those of the former are more often attibuted to great men .... Dr. Bader reminds us of one of the signs of the Zodiac--Taurus .... If you are properly prepared You will sense no trepidation if Dr. Marcus is assigned to Your section .... Otherwise, disaster .... We would never have read the footnotes of any Pharmacology text if it had not been for Dr. Terranova .... This obses- Sion of his appalled us more often than we care to Temember. ln recent years increased finances have made it Dossible for this .department to acquire new and mod- ern laboratory equipment . . . During this time Dr. Boyd has consistently endeavored to make the department the most advanced one in the country .... His efforts have not been in vain .... Under his tutelage the student is not forced to learn Pharmacology .... Rather, his interest, in Medicine in general, is focussed by' Dr. Boyd primarily on Pharmacology .... With the result that the action of any drug on any tissue is com- pletely understood PHAR MACO LOGY E! Thirty-one BACTERIOLOGY . CLINICAI WITH his advent into the junior year, the student of Medicine enters into his first personal contact with the patient .... Living pathology .... Here is seen not the pathology of the tissue itself .... But rather the pathology of its function, from which may be deduced the pathology of the tissue .... Years of close appli- cation to this branch of Medicine plus years of practical experience must be solely sought if one is to under- stand this science .... Although it is a specialty in itself, it must not be considered so, if it is to be properly conducted .... Mere reporting of findings is not suf- ficient .... Proper interpretation of findings is essential. The professor and head of the department is Dr. Lindsley Cocheu .... Perhaps no better-liked man, nor one more deserving of student esteem, could be found among the faculty .... A small man, a man whose physical size belies the size of his heart, is Dr. Charles McDowell .... Now professor emeritus of Public Health .... Dr. Laura Florence, associate profes- sor of bacteriology, delights the student with her con- cise presentation of the mysteries of bacterial habits . . . That Scottish burr has become a college tradition .... Dr. Addie Stanford is indeed a worthy assistant of Dr. Cocheu in Clinical Pathology Laboratory .... Infinite patience with the student is the secret of her success as a teacher. The broader aspects of Medicine are personified by Dr. Eugene Fierro . . . As an instructor in Public Health he fulfills only one of his many duties as a member of the faculty at Flower .... Dr. Israel Kleiner and Dr. Iago Galdston are lecturers in Public Health . . . . Readily recollected by the class are the slow, thoughtful words of Dr. Margaret Hotchkiss .... Either while lecturing on Bacteriology or Public Health .... COCHEU The Misses Horton and McCarthy round out the depart- ment of Bacteriology-the most human department in the curriculum. Important among those responsible for the rapid advance made by Flower Hospital are the laboratory technicians .... Their field is an extremely special- ized one, their responsibility tremendous .... Upon Miss Neuwirth's shoulders rests the task of organization I FLORENCE Thirty-two PATHOLOG Y . PUBLIC HEALTH f McDOWELL STANFORD of laboratory work .... Her untiring efforts in behalf of students seeking financial aid shall never be for- gotten .... We are ever confused by the two Millers . . . . Finally, we do remember who is who . . A dif- ficult task with two pleasant girls .... Miss Zorn and Miss Weiss we knew as juniors .... Whence their boundless supply of energy? .... At about 4:30 every afternoon Miss Rieger wonders what she'll wear to- night when he comes .... Miss Gorman merely smiles saqely. ln May of our junior year, we spent a week visiting various places in and around the city .... Places vitally concerned with public health .... Department of Health Building, Disposal Plants, Meat Inspection, Walker-Gordon Farms, Lederle Laboratories fno Adv.l, etc ..... ln our senior year we had the opportunity to look in upon the Health Department of New York City at work .... Through the fine organization of Dr. Max Bernstein of the Harlem Health Center we were able to observe many branches of the health service in action .... We were impressed by Dr. Dick, in charge of Prenatal, Infant and School Hygiene .... He tried to interject Medicine into Public Health .... We were quite surprised to find a woman, Dr. Marshall, in charge of venereal work .... We were amazed at her efficiency .... Complete health reports on the public health problems of any selected community were as- signed to each student .... The benefits derived from learning these things ourselves was very real. Although a widely diversified group of men and women, these members of the faculty have one aim . . . . Which reflects that of the head of the department , , . . To co-ordinate the material in such a way so that the student may most easily grasp the subject .... In his sophomore year, the student meets Dr. Florence and her staff who are as eager to see him progress as he himself is .... In his junior and senior years, Dr. Cocheu is his guide ..., We now know that the greater a man is, the more human he is .... These indeed are interesting courses in themselves .... They are made doubly interesting by the men and women who conduct them. ' Thirtyvthree if . fri, l Thirty-four COPE KLEINER COOMBS DOTTI PHYSIOLOGY BIO-CHEMISTRY PHYSIOLOGY, the science that treats of the function of organic beings .... And Biochemistry, the chemistry of the living tissues or life .... These are two of the most absorbing studies in the medical curri- culum .... Both subjects extend through portions of the freshman and sophomore years .... Dr. Otis Cope, peculiar professor and head of the department, is chiefly concerned with physiology .... Upon his shoulders rests the task of organization of the depart- ment, the apportionment of lecture hours among the different workers in the field, and the assignment of laboratory work .... All this in addition to his work on the Curriculum Committee and his research work . . . . A huge task for any man. Dr. Israel Kleiner is the professor of Physiological Chemistry .... So well organized and so well planned is his material that only a minimum of collateral read- ing is required for a complete understanding of the subject . . . His perennial smile mirrors his jovial nature . . . . Dr. Charles McDowell, professor emeritus of physi- ology, and one of the oldest men on the faculty, for years has instructed us in the art of living .... He is a man who truly has lived .... Dr. Helen Coombs, assist- ant professor of the department, shall be remembered for her attempted instructive teaching in laboratory technique and for her willingness to aid and foster individual and original experiments .... The founda- tion, perhaps, in some of us of future surgical technique . . . . And lastly, Dr. Abner Weisman, assistant in- structor .... He has since become a specialist in his field .... The Chemistry and Physiology of Internal Secretions .... He may frequently be found in the chemistry laboratory, checking and rechecking exper- iments, using students as his subjects and controls .... We are proud to feel we have been of service to such a man. Conscious of our loss, we leave the portals of the New York Medical College with reluctance .... Instruction per se has ceased .... We are thrown on our own resources .... Shall the seed sown by these members ot our faculty fall on barren ground? .... Or shall it, rather, find fertile soil, and blossom forth, disporting a knowledge to which all shall bow? .... Certainly opportunity is ours .... Let us not be found wanting. SIMONSON BENSON GRISWOLD IQHNSON PEDIATRICS I EARLY in our medical education we were made aware of the importance of a thorough knowledge of the branch of Pediatrics in the practice of Medicine . . . . Came the junior year and the subject was to be personified by a big man with a gruff voice and a very large sympathy for student problems-Dr. Simonson . . . . Until then we had known him only as the man who roared like a lion .... Now we were to personally meet this man and determine whether our fear of him tand we actually did fear hirni was based on fact. Lectures, lectures and more lectures-dispensed by Drs. Simonson, johnson and Essnere-were the order of the day for the first semester .... With the end of that period came our first opportunity to obtain clinical experience in the wards .... Shall we ever forget the greeting from an irrepressible four year-old as we were creeping up to him for our first physical exam .... Are youse doctors or are ya just learnin'? .... This exper- ience with countless similar ones served to ctcclimctte us to the embarrassments that every embryonic physi- cian is bound to endure. We, owe much to the many attending physicians among whom were Drs. Griswold, Benson, Chick, Bohrer, johnson and Essner .... Who made those clinical hours veritable fountains of wisdom .... Senior year brought us more experience at the bedside and, gratifyingly so, less humiliation at the hands of the precocious ones .... One of the highlights of that year was an interesting two-week period at Willard-Parker Hospital tquite a trek from Flowerl .... Where we actually saw cases of contagious disease .... Scarlet fever, diphtheria, chicken pox et al. became tangible things in place of a number of pages in Griffith and Mitchell .... Lastly, Infant Feeding and Dr. Griswold! . . . . Sufficient justice can never be given to the worth of this series of lectures--they were, to indulge in the vernacular, simply colossal . We shall look back many times, in the future, to our all too short experience with this department .... But always our reminiscences will be tinged with regret . . . . Illness deprived us of Dr. Simonson's presence and influence for the greater part of our last year .... A A Thirty-five l BOYD SCHMA HL MacGAVACK THE DAWN of the senior year, September, 1936 .... The year toward which all had been pointing .... Some with fear for the future, others confident that the future would bring naught but honors ....' N ow, how- ever, some of the tension had decreased and we gayly set forth fo a year divided into Medicine, Surgery, Specialties, and Gynecology and Obstetrics .... Each with its own peculiar problems, each with its own staff of instructors. Our introduction to the senior year was in Medicine . . . . At last We would approach the bedside once more . . . . Not as in the junior year in a more or less hap- hazard manner .... But rather, as resolved during the summer: with definite objectives in mind, definite gues- tions, and, moreover, a resolve to do better work .... Thus we look back upon the men with whom we came in contact .... Each left his own imprint in our memor' ies .... Some eccentric, some verbose, some taciturn . . . . Others too reminiscent, and others of whom we did not see enough. Dr. Boyd, as distant from the student as ever .... Still talking above our heads .... Looking for student translators .... Searching for the eternal Periarteritis Nodosa .... And ever looking to Dr. MacGavack, a new acquisition to the staff from the wilds of California . . . . Who was a distinct surprise . . . . Instead of a middle-aged man we found a comparatively young man .... Willing to listen to student opinion .... A 'naster at differential diagnosis .... And above all a 'regular fellow .... Dr. Goldbloom with his R. B. C.'s . . Going so far as to give student lectures on the interpretation of the E. K. G. at his home .... We had to be early for Dr. White .... Prognosticating is his forte .... Dr. Dittler was faced with the task of giving Gastro-enterology in eight lectures, and made a good iob of it .... Dr. Libin, quiet, smooth-talking .... Our one regret is that we did not see more of him .... Dr. Baynor wanted an audience for each appearance .... Had to have his glass of orange juice .... We've al- ways wondered how Dr. Saccone could talk so rapidly and so long with one breath .... Where did he get his shirts? .... Dr. Bader batted for Dr. Goldbloom .... lust a vote of appreciation .... Dr. Weinberg, a thor- Thirty-six MEDICAL 'I' , 'N- SERVICE ORNSTEIN WHITE HILL ough analyst of the x-ray plate, finally discovering something of which Dr. Boyd knew nothing .... Dr. Lintz on two successive weeks discussed both our cases .... His conclusions diametrically opposed to ours both times .... Dr. Piccioni, very serious and somber in appearance .... An expert diagnostician of cardiac disease .... Dr. Hailey, quiet and self-effacing . . . . Ardent homeopath . . . . With Dr. Goldstein every case came under one of two categories .... Hyper- or hypo-thyroid, or neurosis .... Dr. Olmstead-idoesn't the man get tired of making pin pricks? .... Dr. Terra- nova --we'll give this one some triple bromides . . . . A first morning speech gave us the wrong slant on Dr. Nussbaum .... We now know otherwise .... Dr. Werblow-sfirst impression: opisthotonus or deugue. And so, to the West Pavillion and Dr. Ornstein .... An excellent teacher, a fine gentleman .... Always looking for just a little bit of horse sense .... The eternal surgeon, Dr. Coryllos, at odds with Dr. Ornstein . . . . He helped enliven the Wednesday afternoon T. B. Conference .... Dr. Reiss, following in Dr. Ornstein's footsteps .... Dr.-Welkin-d, always ready to discuss the finer points of respiration .... Dr. Gordon, letting us describe our physical findings .... Dr. Scanlan, whose offer of fluoroscopy was never refused by the students. Dr. Leinoff forever begins a discourse, In this particu- lar case---- .... Dr. Slocum and his verbosity .... Dr. Rapfogel, patiently explaining cases .... Dr. Kraemer's promise that there would definitely be a gastric analy- sis the next time tif the patient appeared? .... Dr. McGrattan, as big as ever .... At the 88th Street Clinic . . . . One patient fastidiously refusing to partake of the test meal crackers on the ground that they were too stale .... The technique of passing a gastric tube as explained by Dr. Barowsky. So ended another period, another milestone, a step further toward our goal .... Time spent advantageous- ly in study at the bedside, at home, in the library .... Storing facts and knowledge and experience to be used at some future date .... And the crushing realization that there are still vast fields which we, in our ignor- ance, have not touched. Thirty-seven SURGICAL Thirty-eight 'IHE YEAR nineteen hundred thirty seven sees Flower Hospital forging to the lead in surgery .... The acquisition of the new Flower at Fifth Avenue and One Hundred Fifth Street . . . Formerly Fifth Avenue Hospital . . . . The adaptation of the vast facilities of Metropolitan Hospital to the needs of the students of the New York Medical College .... The enthusiasm of the students toward this new arrangement .... Students who are ordinarily blase toward all hospitals by the time they reach their senior year. The three surgical services at Flower .... The one headed by Dr. Fobes, our demanding professor, who urges us on to literary as well as surgical achievements via his much-discussed diary . . . That master instructor, Dr. Kaufman, heads the second service .... Sympa- thetic in our difficulties but determined that we learn surgery .... The acting head of the third service is Dr. Eaton, able successor to Dr. Crump, Sr ..... He, too, has introduced a type of diary into his service. Dr. Kellogg, wondering where the rest of the dry clinic section is .... We know they're making rounds with other men on the staff .... Dr. Wilson, supremely amused when he, together with Dr. Borrelli, discovers a senior group having difficulty in distinguishing an elbow from a knee on an X-ray plate .... Dr. von Bonnewitz lecturing on proctology .... All of which is virgin soil to most of us .... Dr. Lutton, surprised at the intelligent faces of the senior class .... Dr. Ney, assisted by Dr. Ganders, directs Dr. Brace four anaes- thetist par excellence! in photographing films of one of his far-famed cranioplasties .... Another noted sur- geon, Dr. Chilian, for whom we all have the profoundest respect. Flower undoubtedly boasts one of the busiest surgical services in the metropolitan area .... The staffs and the students are proud of this as well as they are proud of the efficiency and care with which patients are handled . . . . Dr. Bickley as one of the prime reasons for its efficiency .... Dr. Furniss, in his slow methodical way, 5.1 FOBES d1SCOurSing on proper surgical technique .... A noted Specialist on hand infections, Dr. Herrlin, illustrates his lectures with his own sketches .... Dr. Smith tells a Senior group how much better versed in medical lore theY are as compared to other schools .... He dis- Covered this when examining applicants for interne- 511193 at Metropolitan . . . Dr. Crump, Ir. mixes anecdotes With instruction and thus commands complete attention - - - . Dr. Roane with his perennial smile gives bedside Instruction. We are a bit tardy in getting to the 'Met' and meet Dr. l-lerlitz at the Queensboro Bridge .... He agrees not to mark us late this time .... Dr. Genovese on the SUFQQTY of the thyroid .... Dr. Halberstam -discourses at great length and in great detail on tumors of the breast . . . Dr. Haynor, not nearly so awe-inspiring as three YQGYS Olqo, but just as emphatic and just as correct .... Dr. Sileo clearing up septicemia both for the patient Gnd the student .... Dr. Laus insisting that patients with ruptured ulcer should be given nothing by mouth, DOST-operatively, for at least forty-eight hours. We recall that unforgettable picture of Dr. Mayer deftly suturing a badly lacerated face .... He, with DF- O'Keefe, reminds us poignantly of a difficult junior Y?C1T .... Dr. Eckes and Dr. Goeller each welcoming discussion on their respective papers .... Dr. Salis- l3UTY, another of our well-known methodical workers, emphasizing detail .... An artist as well as surgeon, Dr. Rossby .... Drs. Ruggieri and Cantwell, with whom We continue a friendship born in freshman Anatomy . . . . Dr. Fierro, in his rapid-fire manner, regretting our uncanny ability to forget as much as we have forgotten, Dr. Fraser, the plastic surgeon, deploring the lack of facilities to permit our seeing actual cases .... We readily recollect pleasant associations with Dr. Bing- ham, orthopedist extraordinary .... D. Samworth, a pleasant soft-spoken man .... An exponent of home- Spun humor .... With Dr. Carleton's name is linked that odd examination in Urology we had as juniors Si, KAUFMAN EATON SERVICE V- 1 4. -li' Thirty-nine Forty if X i SAFFORD AYRES TRITSCH 'THE professor and head of the department is Dr. Safford .... For two 'years his deep booming voice has endeavored to find its way thru our cranial walls .... Finally, we believe, with success .... Memory must indeed suffer a severe breakdown before we would forget smiling Dr. Ayers .... Even though there was no attendance taken, his classes were invariably one hundred percent attended .... A real tribute to a real man .... We waited until our senior year to rneet,Dr. Loizeaux, clinical professor of this department ,... He conducted us thru the pitfalls of gynecological surgery .... In their younger days Cas boys? both Dr. Tritsch and Dr. Salzman must have been the bullies of their respective neighborhoods. We spent two very pleasant weeks with Dr. Yerbury this year at the 88th Street Clinic .... The pathology of Gynecology was ably presented by Dr. Silberblatt .... We were particularly impressed with his interest in our class . . . . Dr. Rossby gave us a series of lectures on anatomical landmarks . . . . It was Dr. Knapp who forced us to read DeLee's Obstetrics again in our senior year .... The informal chats with Drs. DiLorenzo and Hermes are but a few of the many pleasant recollections of this service .... On Drs. Hubner and Mussio we depended for some of our purely didactic work. And then the fourteen harrowing days of Obs at the Met or Flower .... Constantly waiting for babies that took a terribly long time to come .... The exasperations of estimating the Wrong date of labor, the incorrect diagnosis of position, the self delivery of babies-always in the early hours of the morn, the numerous multips in the week of observation replaced by primips in the week of delivery .... Dr. Behm, resident .... Always calm, cool, and collected . . . . A keen sense of humor but a slightly sarcastic method of teaching . . . . Respected by all, and loved by his patients .... Dr. Shapiro, assistant resi- dent .... Who should have been a teacher instead of a doctor .... Hours of his teaching finally taught us some practical Obstetrics .... Dr. Viola, a darn competent resident, Who does not receive his due credit simply because of his taciturnity .... Finally, scallions to those internes who greedily believed that delivering rnultips was practicing obstetrics .... They learned nothing, but delayed our obtaining the necessary six cases. ,3 S X xx' A ,sb GYNECOLOGY OBSTETRIC -.r ORTHOPEDICS ACTURES BINGHAM w1LsoN SAMWORTH THE science of Orthopedics and Fractures holds an extremely important , position in the profession of modern Medicine .... Related as it is to the skeletal framework of our bodies, it is as important to our well-being as an architect is to the construction of a modern engineering project .... The orthopedist, however, is mainly concerned with reconstruction and, in the last analysis, proper function .... The original architect in the case of human beings is a supernatural personage. The intricacies of bone and joint disease were ably and intimately pre- sented to the class of 1937 .... Our debt to the members of this department is a special one of three years standing .... It claims its specificity through the dual effect exerted by the members of the department on the student- that of the much publicized scholar and gentleman. As juniors, We received a series of lectures from Drs. Bingham and Wilson which bankrupt description .... The latter discoursing on Fractures, the former on Orthopedics .... Both were brilliant .... Dr. Bingham, replete with easy grace, affability and eruditeness .... Dr. Wilson, with characteristic straight-forwardness, simplicity and completeness .... It was no wonder, then, that we came to the Met in our senior year for those two Weeks on Orthopedics with mixed feelings .... A sense of confidence in having learned the fundamentals .... And an uneasiness concerning the veracity of the kind words of Dr. Bingham that We rather knew our stuff .... Our fears were groundless .... Through a very Well organized service We re- ceived valuable practical instruction from Dr. Himmelstein, the resident ..., From Dr. Cantwell, pleasantly disposed and photographically obsessed-his interests wide and varied .... From Dr. Schonfeld, of Kings County Schon- felds, expert in Orthopedic Surgery, S. M. U. football and loud socks .... From Dr. Wilson, of the Russell-Traction Wilsons, who cleared many problems for us by X-ray discussions and while on rounds ..., And, finally, from Dr, Bingham, who, by his evident stamp of a gentleman and his established ability as an orthopedist, made the entire service, in general, and those Friday afternoon conferences, in particular, a pleasure as well as a beneficence. Forty-one NEUROLOGY O T T 1 x 'x Y ,774 , K 'il-M' 'TW ii I I , . , , A., 4 - rf, M X fl' . ' . ' f ig! . 1 . 4' l V fyrlzg' I - PQ T' ', Q' fr avi. ia- the - A V , , I Y ,l.- ri: V: ' . M X It ' - ' iii! ' r . , i, -E,-4 Forty-two HOUSE MOSSER THE general consensus of opinion is that our two years with Neurology and Psychiatry proved to be a classical example of the alpha and omega .... The zenith and the nadir in medical education .... A paradox perhaps but easily explainable .... A repu- tation such as this is dependent principally on two factors .... The irresistible fantasia which characterizes the subject .... And the rugged individuality which was a very integral part of the departments personnel . . . . Difficult though these subjects be, they neverthe- less interest every student because of the peculiar problems they present. In our junior year, the science of Neurology found itself behind the proverbial eight-ball by being as- signed atrocious spots on the program .... 4 p. m. on Mondays and Fridays .... Despite the dramatic quali- ties ot our Dr. House and the esteemed worthiness of the subject, matters neurological ran a poor second to bruised rumps .... Thus were anagrams and battleships born .... Cartoonists and poets reveled during this class .... We spent an intriguing hour weekly with Dr. Mosser on subjects psychiatric .... A very efficient introduction to this abstract bit of trivia . . . . The resplendence of the aforementioned doctor in re matters sartorial was ever a source of admiration both in its regularity and intensity .... To Dr. Ganders was given the task of getting our minds off our seats in the second semester .... lf he succeeded in any measure, it was due primarily to his earnestness and sincerity .... He was as informal as he was sincere. Came the glow of the senior year .... With Neur- ology on the Island, vest-pocket examination cards and brilliant diagnoses .... Without the anatomical prob- lem of the previous year, and with Dr. I-Iouse's thespian abilities at razor edge, the sojourn was Well worth- while .... And finally, Senior Psychiatry with Dr. Seward and his trips into the labyrinthine mazes of the subconscious mind .... The dementias and par- anoias became living entities .... As La Bow put it years ago, he certainly had It. All in all, our labors in Neurology and Psychiatry were hours pleasantly spent and long to be remem- bered .... We take this opportunity to thank the members of this department for their kindness, pati- ence and spirit of helpfulness. DEARBORN CORNELL THE DEPARTMENT of Dermatology deserves end- less eulogistic laudations for the manner with Which it handled the various groups of the senior class . . . . Mentally and morally these students cared little for the old skin game .... This inherent dislike was born and fostered during the junior year .... We had been duly forewarned, but to no avail .... The diffi- culty was tnat of having to wade through a mass of theoretical facts before being able to observe clinically that of which we studied .... Differential diagnosis to US. merely, meant memorizing a conglomeration of flwemprehensible words .... In consequence, our 3u1'110I' Year consisted of playing hide-and-seek with a macule, a papule and a wheal .... We actually dreaded those Tuesday afternoon quizzes. The introduction and basic principles of the subject Were introduced to us by Drs. Mintzer, Silberman and Berkovsky .... In concise, clear phrases the material YVCIS presented to us .... But our difficulty was not In understanding what was said .... Rather it was the attempt to form a picture in our minds of the clinical entitY .... The result was a poor substitute for actual clinical experience .... The instructors, however, re- Called their own experiences as students .... They evidenced extreme patience and helpfulness with us - - . . So that finally we found ourselves ready for Drs. Dearborn and Cornell .... Who lectured to us late in the year on certain disease entities .... Dr. Dearborn, soldierly, erect, emphatic .... Becoming ora- trical on vitamin deficiency .... Dr. Cornell, soft- Spoken, lecturing on tuberculosis of the skin. Senior year bought with it an all-too-short period in the clinic .... Quite a different experience from that Which we had in the previous year .... The study' of Dermatology proved to be one of the most interesting Of all our studies .... We were able, at last, to catch UD with the elusive wheal, the pernicious papule and the Wilv macule .... And we were able to call a scab UI scab .... We became more and more proficient at d1CIQnosis .... Treatment, however, was more difficult - - . . Often with a definite diagnosis established, all thefUDY would fail .... A discouraging outlook for all but 'the most persevering .... And then Time was Cfqain at our heels, and our stay at an end. DERMATOLOGY Forty-three CARLETON HALFMAN GREENBERG A MAIOR portion of the laurel wreath is gladly given to the department of Urology for possessing one of the more completely organized services for students .... This was due in a large measure to the combined efforts of two of our head professors .... Dr. Carleton, the head of the department .... And Dr. Kaufman, now head of surgery but formerly associated with the department of Urology only .... The result was a concentrated course the like of which we have not experienced since our freshman year. As juniors the class was divided equally into two sections .... One under the supervision of Dr. Kauf- man, the other under the late Dr. Maeder .... With these excellent lecturers the class quickly became ac- climated to this new subject .... The hand of fate, however, struck down Dr. Maeder in the prime of life -an acute loss to all who knew him .... We, com- parative strangers, had already begun to appreciate the qualities which he possessed. A double-barrelled program of efficiency greeted us as seniors .... At the Metropolitan Dr. Carleton had arranged a schedule so meticulous in its detail that one's activity could be foretold at any hour on any day for a two week period .... There were daily quizzes-the entire staff never missed-and there was one case to work up each day .... At Fifth Avenue a similar schedule prevailed .... The clinic was in charge of Dr. Carleton .... To him we looked for a demonstration of the art of cystoscopy .... He was a masterlat the double entendre ibut when he said 9 a. m. he meant 9 a. m.l .... He never asked a question that one could answer .... He worked hard and played hard .... Under his scholarly veneer there was a genuine and sincere desire to help the student. We have received a sound foundation in the princi- ples of this specialty .... We express our gratitude to all the clinical instructors with whom we came in con- tact .... Drs. Goldberg, Alpern, Pollack, Reid and Keshin .... Without them, we would have seen the World Series .... But we would have known little about prostatism, the exigencies of acute epidydymitis and the minatory meanderings of certain gram nega- tive diplococci. U Forty-four A G E N ITC-U R I NARY I in Q. 3 E , v P l t E t ? LH oToLARYNeoLoeY oPHTHALMoLoeY BOENTGENOLOGY t HETRICK MUNSON HOWARD THESE three departments are included among a rather select group .... More and more are medi- cal men demanding that the physician be exceptionally prepared before he enters any of these fields .... More and more is the individual physician coming to realize that exceptional preparation is essential if he is to be successful as a practitioner in one of these fields. Heading the department of Otolaryngology is Dr. Hetrick .... His penetrating insight together with his genial nature make him a true friend of the student . . . . Drs. Sacklin and Bowman are encountered less frequently than the student might desire .... Dr. Foster is rapidly gaining fame in the field of mastoid work. . . . , Dr. Lloyd we recall from our junior year . . . . . . . . His lectures on diagnosis of chest conditions to- gether with the technique of bronchoscopy are indelibly printed in our minds. The department of Ophthalmology is presided over by Dr. Munson .... A more sincere man or one more interested in medical education could not be found .... The delicacy and -dexterity with which he has operated hundreds of difficult eye cases have never ceased to amaze the student .... Dr. Chambers has long been noted for his interest in eye conditions associated with skull fracture .... Dr. McLean had an interesting bit of advice to offer the senior class .... It is his conten- tion that even the most expensive ophthalmoscope can- not make a diagnosis--the diagnosis is rather depend- ent on the man who is using the instrument. Two men guide the destinies of Flower Hospital in radiological work .... The professor and head of the department is Dr. Howard .... His patient instruction of the upper classes in a profoundly difficult subject will ever be a source of wonder to the graduating class . . . . Clinical instruction in roentgenology is ably con- ducted by Dr. Borrelli .... His keen sense of humor has not infrequently been the cause of many embar- rassing moments for some of the lesser students .... His slow drawl and half-closed eyes belie his active mind and ready wit. The men representing these specialties also represent a goal toward which we must all strive, if, we are to be successful in medicine .... They personify honesty, integrity and sincerity .... Their personifications are to be our ideals. Forty-five AN APPRECIATION WILLIAM Hermann Dieffenbach is dead. -The impact of this news upon the conscious- ness of those who knew him is stunning. Theoretically no man is irreplaceable. Yet it is hard to understand just how his associates in the medical world are going to continue with- out him, for he had won a place as mentor, counselor and leader to a large group of med- ical men throughout the whole country. People living at the foot of a mountain do not realize the height of the summit. So we, who have been intimately associated with this man so many years, must be excused if in the numbing shock of his passing we find it impos- sible to evaluate his full magnitude. He was a great man. That much we know. Endowed with a wonderful mind and a rug- ' ged body, he had capacity for work far beyond - the average. He made himself a perfect mine of medical lore and had an astounding grasp of clinical medicine. His thirst for knowledge was always practical. His dynamic energy required action. His enthusiasm for homeopathy caused him to lead a group in the proving of radium, estab- lishing this remedy as a potent homeopathic drug. His altruism and personal self sacrifice in making this proving brought him poetic reward: quite unexpectedly the first case to ben- efit was himself: his old x-ray dermatitis was cured in the proving. He made the first colored photograph in the United States. His passion for new things in science of immediate practical value was well illustrated a few years ago. Attending a medical congress in Europe he learned of the use of ultra short wave. Characteristically he ordered a machine at once and thus was one of the first to bring this curative agent to the United States. His judgment has been verified by the mir- aculous cures which have popularized this method. Only recently he wrote a book which is generally credited as being the clearest exposition of this treatment thus far printed. His mind ranged far and wide. He was an authority on hydrotherapy and wrote a book on the subject. One of his students only a few days ago declared that Baron Dieffenbach's bath for delirium tremens had helped him out in many a difficult case. C Baron was an affectionate title used by his friends.l His long-range vision and enthusiasm over homeopathy undoubtedly saved the New York College from perishing. When the College was facing extinction he sounded the trumpet for advance. Practically everyone though success was impossible. His answer was to head a movement to raise a million dollar endowment. His energy and indomitable perseverance put the campaign over, and the College was saved for future usefulness. The present wave of scientific knowledge of homeopathy which is sweeping through the country might easily have been delayed had it not been for Dieffenbach. For it was he who, in his reading, came across that epochal essay of August Bier's entitled, What Shall Be Our Attitude Toward Homeopathy? He persuaded Dr. Philipp Schmahl to translate this remark- able work, and then we in this country began to realize, for the first time, all the painstaking, careful, conscientious, scientific investigation which had been going on in Germany for many years. Our grief at his passing is natural enough. We will miss a wonderful friend and a stanch supported of our principles. But there is another side: there is less suffering in the world because he lived in ity there will be less. So his spirit lives on. l. A. l. H., FEBRUARY 1937. E. WALLACE MacADAM Forty-six im WILLIAM DIEFFENBACI-I WILLIAM FRANCIS I-ICNAN . Two Homeopathic Physicians Who Have Leit Their Impress On Modern Medical Science I Q - ttMAN, the Unknown was the topic of his . last lecture to the class. Little did he real- , 1 ize that it was to be the final lecture of his S 4 splendid career. 'From ashes to ashes, and dust to dust', a short unpredictable span. Although our association with Dr. William F. l-lonan was but brief, a mutual understanding was immediately felt. His clearness of thought. and tolerance to new ideas were soon recog- nized. He was sincerely interested in teaching us, as his students and as his friends. As members of the lower classes, we had heard much of his surgical ability, but it was personal observation of his gentle care of patients, and his surgical finesse which earned both our re- spect and admiration. lt was this combination of surgeon-scholar -friend which inspired one of our classmates- Leonard Rubin-to express his, as well as the class' appreciation of his many admirable qualities. Unknown to even his intimate friends, Leonard determined to devote his talents to manifest concretely the high opinion with which we regard Dr. Honan. Lenny worked long and earnestly to prepare a bust of our departed teacher. For his model, he could re- sort only to photographs obtained from previous Year Books. So characteristic are the features, and so life-like the sparkling smile, that the faculty-as well as the student body-spontaneously greeted with acclaim the bust, with its beautiful workmanship, and the idealistic sentiment behind its creation. With becoming mod- esty, the bust was given to the class, and it was only befitting that we-who were the last to be associated with Dr. Honan as students and teacher-should donate the bust, as a class gift, to the college. , , I The bust will remain a most appropriate tribute of a Student s appreciation of a worthy Teacher. HY REINSTEIN Forty-seven STUDENT BODY OMNIA MUTANTUR NOS ET MUTAMIR IN ILLIS ALI.. THINGS ARE IN COURSE OF CHANGE, WE ALSO ARE IN COURSE OF CHANGE WITH THEM Fifty DEAN BURRETT'S MESSAGE Dear Friends: This is the twelfth year it has been my privilege to greet our students in the year book, the Fleur-O-Scope. Each year has brought with it a student body eager to learn, serious in its desire for medical knowledge, and alert to take advantage of the opportunities offered by our institution. The Board of Trustees is giving its support in time, money, and thought, with but one purpose-to be of service to humanity in the great cause of making life more worth living. The Faculty has grown in numbers and earnestness, keeping step with the rapid advances in medical progress, and the Alumni are giving added sup- port each year by sending their sons and daughters to the College for medical training, by their increasing interest in the hospitals of the College, and by their enthusiastic help in all the activities of their Alma Mater. I You young men and women are preparing to enter the profession of medicine at a time when events of the greatest importance are taking place. The period of growth in numbers of medical colleges and physicians in America has passed, but the science of medicine is advancing with a rapidity that is difficult to utilize at the bedside. Specialization in the numerous fields of medicine and surgery has become necessary in order to make use of the increasing knowledge in every field of medical science. The governments of city, county, state and nation are increasing their control in the care of the sick poor, treatment of communicable disease, care of the mentally sick, and in protection against epidemic disease. Departments of health are reaching out to help protect the well from illness and to influence the health of the unborn. I greet you an-d envy you the opportunity that lies before you in the years to come. This period of advance in medical scientific understanding with its widened horizon, is unparalleled. You have the privilege of taking part in the adventure of saving lives and making life more livable. I have every confidence that you will take advantage of this opportunity. You have my earnest good wishes for useful and successful careers. Sincerely yours, CLAUDE A. BURRETT, Dean MR. T I-1ALSEY'S MESSAGE h TO THE STUDENT BODY Gentlemen: In reviewing the year which ends this Iune, it might possibly seem that this has been one of little progress as far as the Institution goes. What has actually been taking place, however, is a situation involving the consolidation of our gains cf the year before. As you know, it is not easy for a person to assimilate a very large bite all at once. The same is true of an educational institution. Therefore, we have been slowly but surely digesting this mouth- ful which we bit off last year. To you Undergraduates, this may seem a slow and painful process but let me assure you that it is most necessary. Along with this, however, our plans for the future have been developing with as much speed as we can normally hope for. The blueprint drawings of The proposed new College building have been completed, and while efforts to raise the money for this building have been delayed by several unfore- seen events, we have actually got a portion of it in the bank and prospects for the rest are materializing gradually. Until this is raised, we will have to be content with our present layout, but it is my sincere hope and belief that it will not be very long before our entire plant will be classed among the finest in the country. The need for doctors is as great today as it ever was, but because of the depression, the need for honest, sincere unselfish physicians and surgeons is greater than it was before. You have a marvelous opportunity before you. If You handle it in the proper way, the possibilities for the future are unlimited. On the other hand, if you only see in your practice an opportunity to make money, your future is very definitely limited. The choice is yours to make, and I can do no more than Wish you my sincere good wishes for your future. Very sincerely yours, CHARLES D. HALSEY PRESIDENT Board of Trustees Fifty one Known as the Father of Medicine, I-lippocrates gained undying tame-not only for the surprising profundity oi his empirical medical knowledge, but also for the creation of an ideology and code oi ethics-which, in its pursuance-has established the honor and dignity of the medical profession. For centuries, the ideals of the I-lippocratic Oath have been indelibly impressed upon all those asso- ciated with the practice of Medicine. As those who follow the precepts expounded at the Sermon on the Mount receive the admiration and respect of their fellow men, so too, do the practitioners of the ideals and spirit embodied in the Oath. The Cath of Hippocrates SWGHR hy Hpollo the Physician and Hesculapius and hy Hygiea and Panacea and hy all the gods and goddesses, that according to my ability and judgment , I will keep this oath and stipulation: to reckon him who taught me this art equally dear to me as my parents, to share my suhstance with him and relieve his needsg to regard his offspring as on the same footing with my own hrothers,and to teach them this art if they should wish to learn it. By precept and lecture and every other mode of instruction, I will impart a knowledge of the art to my own sons and to those of my teachers and to disciples hound by a stipulation and oath, according to the law of medicine, hut to no others. I WILL follow that method of treatment which, according to my ability and judgment,I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and wrong. Iwill give no deadly medicine to anyone, even if aslced, nor suggest any such counsel: furthermorel will not give to a woman an instrument to produce ahortion. WITH PURITY and with holiness Iwill pass my life and practice my Hrt. Iwill not cut a person who is lahoring under the stone, hut will this to practioners of this art.lnto whatsoever house I enter,Iwill go for the. heneht of the sick and will ahstain from every voluntary act of mischief and corruption, and further from the seduction of females or males, hound or free. WHHTGVGR I shall see or hear in the lives of men, which ought not to he Spolcen ahroad, I will not divulge, reclconing that all such should he kept secret. WHILE I CCNTINUG to lceep this, my oath, inviolate, may it he granted to me to enjoy life and the practice of my art, respected hy all men, at all times, hut shouldltrespass and violate this oath, may the reverse he my lot. is 'I PN SENIOR3 Class of 1937 Fifty-six THE LAST PORTRAIT :I-N THE SECOND CENTURY, Galen taught that man was governed by four humours-blood, phlegm, .1 yellow bile, and black bile. The temperament of our earth has been divided into four periods-Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn. And so it occurs to the writer that the attainment of a medical career which is also divided into four periods, may be likened to the four humors or seasons. R QQ ' Nl -. :F N tit LN! x Who can gainsay the thought that our Freshman 'Win ' year did not have the icy darkness of a long winter night? Fraught with fear of the unknown, attended constantly by the vision of a scythe above as ready with one full swoop to sever us from our newly- found ties, we entered medical school four years ago. The Boss's observation that many of us were really fitted to drive taxis, supported by grades of 60 and 65 in the first few quizzes did not lighten our mood any. But soon the burning desire to know the human body grossly and microscopically dissipated our gloom somewhat and as one body we surged forward, radiant in the knowl- edge that we had really started our life-work. Fortified by this realization we began to take the quizzes and the Boss in stride, learning before long that under his hardened exterior he was the neophyte's best friend. Of course, Doctors Stark and Allen did not add to our peace of mind, for many was the ear that burned from Mary's scorching criticism of a puerile histological or embryological drawing. Chemistry became a live, interesting subject, especially in view of Dr. Kleiner's attitude for making it so clear and concise. But the inevitable had to happen, and our joy in obtaining passing grades was somewhat dimmed by the loss of those we had learned to like. The arrogance or insolence of a Sophomore is only paralled by a moth's disdain of a death-dealing flame. Serene in the thought that we were capable and could master our chosen work, we could smile at the world, free of the fear of a year before. Our medical training was now in its budding stage, the Spring of our four years. But our confidence and arrogance was short-lived, for soon wemet the flame in the Department of Pharmacology with its Doctors Boyd and Scharf, and quiz conferences. We found to our immense grief that talk of a cat's nine lives was poppycock, and that it was extremely easy for a cat to lose its one life. That mid-year request for our photographs was also enough to take the wind out of our sails. Bacteriology was a very interesting course and held no terrors for any of us, but Dr. Florence could always be depended upon to keep the boys at work. Her amazing faculty for knowing the name of each student on the first day was something to marvel at. Dr. Youland's thymicostaticuslymphaticus, Dr. Yerbury's raising of the anterior skirt, and Dr. Leinoff's diction also served as intimate parts of the Sophomoric pattern. The latter two courses made us think of our rela- tionship to the patient for the first time. We may truly say that our second year was our introduction to Medicine. Q In all educational institutions the Iuniors apparently bear the brunt of all activities, social and didactic. We were no exception as witness the enormous number of courses we were called upon to carry. The immensity of the task before us-32 courses, and the friction engendered by the constant rubbing of our hindermost parts on the benches of the various lecture rooms were sufficient to By FRANK I. PBISCO produce a heat comparable to any hot Summer's day. Our medical training was in full bloom now, nourished, as it were, by the tears of the peritoneum for the dead that lay within the gall-stone tombs of the Biliary ways. T How will one ever forget- the electrician , the ghoul of life, Essner's Sotto-voce Soliloquies, House's sleep-pro- voking propensities, Eaton and his entourage, Ganders and his in-and-oddities. This was our last year of intimate contact with the college for henceforth our time was to be spent in the hospitals and clinics. It was our last chance to enjoy our daily associations as a group and who can say we did not make the most of the occasion. The union of Flower Hospital with the Fifth Avenue Hospital afforded us more than ample facilities for clinical iw' l 3 work. In toto, the Iunior year was a highly active, instructive and pleasur- able one, properly equipping us for our work in the Senior year. Then finally the Autumn of our medical training. Thought and action, word and deed until now have been two separate forms of consciousness. The great necessity now is that we act according to our thoughts, and think according to our acts. We have sufficient knowledge to enable us to meet the patient and his problem. We are able to gain some satisfaction in the thought that in some small way we are able to help him. The one sad note in the even tenor of our ways is that our college activities are on the wa:ne. We meet but once a week in a clannish gathering to keep alive the flickering glow of kinship which our three years together has built up, a kinship not only to our- selves as a group, but to our Alma Mater. Soon we shall be free of one an- other, we shall have shed our courses and our professors as the trees shed their leaves in the fall, and we shall bask in the Autumn glow of pleasant memories of friendships and incidents, of college and faculty. A few months, a final gathering of the clan amid pomp and splendor, a sheepskin, and our medical training will be a fait accompli . But while the academic influence of New York Medical College now gives place to the practical experience of interneships, there remain memories that will persist through the years. As we scatter to hospitals located in all parts of the country, the recollections of the four long years of hardship and kinship at school will serve to lighten the burdens of future work. The fear filled fresh- man days, the satiated sophomore days, the crowded junior days, and the leisurely senior days, all shall-to a certain extent-mellow the remaining years of our life. Frankly, we can hope, too, that the years to come-with the dignity and honor that we will in all likelihood acquire-will eliminate the petty mannerisms which we may have unconsciously demonstrated at school: such as, the noisy, undignified actions which Dr. Boyd so con- sistently objected to-without avail, the inability to act or to think independently of one's friends, and the all too fre- quent desire to unblushingly ingratiate ourselves into the good graces of our professors. A broader viewpoint of Medicine is needed, and we have been given the neces- sary inspiration and instruction. The Ethical Culture courses, which-to the unthinking-seemed unnecessary, should serve as a guide for all of our future activities. What appeared to be so alien to practical medicine was, in reality, the basis of the esteem with which the medical profession has always been considered. X Q Ein I.. Fifty-seven Norton Memorial Hospital Louisville, Ky. Medicine is a fertile field in which to demonstrate the vast chasm between book learning and its application to practi- cal problems. Iohn is an un- usual medical student: appar- ently, he knows everything-at any rate, he always has a logi- cal answer to the problems be- setting us. His medical knowl- edge is so beautifully and effect- ively organized that broad com- mon sense principles are never lost sight of, and only rarely are the finer details lost. A thorough foundation of facts and logic is what he carries to the realm of research and teaching. Molded into these profound concepts of medicine is a personality that is, to say the least, unique. His un- bridled enthusiasm at times provokes critical comment from classmates. The final arbiter of all student arguments, lohn has ably demonstrated the neces- sary ingredients for success. Fifty-eight John Abajian, J r Providence, R. I. L. I. U. Brooklvn, N- Y- Colurnbia B. S. Lawrence J. Alvarez To some, fraternity spirit im- plies friendship only with one's brothers. However, Al was not of such a kind. He was everyone's friend-always will- ing to discuss amiably the var- ied perplexities which We en- countered. He has gone through school gaining strong friend- ships and enduring admiration. Always a conscientious student, the tedious regime of medical school never bothered him. Rath- er, he welcomed it, for he had realized early just what his ob- stacles would be when he cast the die and decided to study Medicine. Philosophically resigned to the fates, he resolutely entered into the spirit of the curriculum, and his success is partially account- ed for by that admirable esprit de corps . This, and his natural intelligence have served him Well. He starts his interneship with more than adequate knowl- edge, prepared to face with equanimity the responsibilities of a doctor. Prospect Heights Hospital Fifty-nine Fresh-very fresh- from the miasmic swamps of New lersey, via Colgate, came lohnny full of hope and bluster in the Fall of '33, lt was merely a matter of minutes before many had struck an acquaintance with this forceful newcomer. In the very first semester some of us be- gan to realize that here was in- testinal fortitude with a capital Nl Cjejeunuml, for lohnny took the Boss and his course in Anato- my in full stride. On the basket- ball court his now-you-see-him- now-you-don't qualities togeth- er with an hypertrophied delight for bodily contact made him a constant source of wonder and despair. To the epigrammatic gentle- man who offered the world the principle that great things come in small packages , we submit the supreme vindication and justification of that principle in the person of pugnacious Iohn- ny. Christ Hospital, Iersey City l Sixty Iersey City, N. I. Colgate A. B. Phi Alpha Gamma Dance Committee 1, Basketball 1, 2, 3, 4 2 John E. Annitto Nathan Arenson l l Bronx. N. Y. C.C N.Y.,B.S. Fleur-O-Scope 3, 4. fill' Metropolitan Hospital Our esteemed Dr. Arenson, has thrilled his colleagues for tour years with his superb artis- tic bent-a potpourri of Rem- brandt, Michaelangelo, Whist- ler and Soglow. lt one were to criticise Nat on the tact that the women he sketched were on the sunny side ot 135 pounds, we would feel constrained to plead for him on the ground that said vignettes were directed by the gentleman behind. r Nat's, talents did not end with his drawing. I-le possessed a sangtroid beyond imagination- Witness his tossing of Words in those memorable Anatomy guiz- zes, and his colossal nonchal- ance in picking up a bit ot cervi- cal tascia in response to the Boss' request for the recurrent laryngeal. We Won't forget Nat very easily-his ingratiating smile, his earnest attempt at some in- conspicuous shuteye down in the first row, and his gifted abil- ity as a sketcher. Sixty-one Fordham Hospital Alertness, awareness of real- ities, ambition, and wit are the traits which make Sam the fine, all-around fellow he is. Four years at N. Y. Medical College have done more toward matur- ing Sam than any man in the class. He started slowly, but throughout the course he steadi- ly gained momentum in the ac- quisition of knowledge and de- velopment of personality. And now, with the throttle wide open, he goes forward to conquer new fields. In view of the broader outlook so arduously acquired, there is every reason to believe that Sam will make good in all his future endeavors. Fordham Hospital is quite fortunate in having this fine, versatile gentle- man on its house staff. With his undampened enthusiasm and our best wishes we know he can't miss arriving at that posi- tion of life called success . Sixty-two Samuel Avnet Bronx, N. Y. N. Y. U. B. S. Brooklyn, N. Y. Columbia Pharmacy, Ph. G. Columbia B. S. l A. John Bambara lohn has, throughout his four years at New York Medical Col- lege, made himself conspicuous by his subdued manner and ex- treme courtesy. l-le has ideas and opinions of his own which he is always willing to discuss, but we never find lohn trying to force his point of View upon others. We well remember in our pre- carious freshman year when lohn remarked, lf anatomy doesn't stop us, nothing will . Anatomy did not stop him and, true to his word, he rode through the remaining years of study with colors flying high. l-lis is a zest for life accompanied by a generous vein of personality. Endowed with a rare quality of good taste , with patience, abil- ity, ambition and courtesy, Iohn has won for himself the admira- tion of his fellow students. These same traits mark Iohn for a life of achievement and happiness. Metropolitan Hospital l Sixety-three We enjoyed the special privi- lege of being intimately associ- ated With Chuck for the greater part of these all too short four years. During that time, We were able to cull many of those little things that go to make up a personal entity. We learned of his earnest interest and broad knowledge of subjects neuroan- atomical and neurological - lWho of us can forget the psy- choneurotic tic that localized in his cervical region at the time of the final in Iunior Neurology?Dp We learned, too, of his ability at pasture pool, we learned of his abysmal capacity for apprecia- tion of the rib-contusing pun, and, among other things, we learned that his greatest eccen- tricity concerned hot music and that aboriginal Glendale Square Club Terpsichore. Best wishes-and drop in for some ga-zeet-za anytime! Meadowbrook Hospital Sixty-four Glendale, N. Y. Cornell A. B. Charles J. Basile Julius M. Berger Coney Island Hospital He took a cognizance of men and things. Here indeed is a man who absorbed a maximum of medical knowledge during his four years at Flower. His nature was such, during his freshman year, that he was little known-the rapid tempo of that year made his innate difiidence appear more pronounced. In his sophomore year, however, his knowledge of a very mysterious subject, to wit, Pharmacology, made him sought after by many of his classmates. ln retrospect, there is no mys- tery surrounding Iules' profound interest in the materia medica. ln his sophomore year, he was only forming the basic structure on which was later built a deep insight into medicine. His rapid- fire, yet clear and concise thought, is constantly apparent Bronx, N. Y. N. Y. U. B. S. in his manner of speech. The medical world is his to do with Contin Society CTS he Wills. Sixty-five Lvqigii . ' ' .,. . City Hospital If we are to honor a man in our class for inconspicuous achievement, Will will be our first choice. ln his quiet, simple, unobtrusive manner he man- ages to let no fact of importance get by. Those of us who are more familiar with Will know that his intellectual curiosity has extended his field of knowledge much further than merely Medi- cine. Art and literature are vital realities to Will, not to be ne- glected in the pursuit of Medi- cine. We know that his practice in future years will be as broad as his ambition and abilityfor learning has always been. To Will goes our admiration and assurance of success and happiness. We'll miss his con- genial nature, his conservatism and his even-tempered disposi- tion. But someone's loss is an- other's gain, and we must con- ceal our dismay at losing him. Sixty-six Wilbur B. Bernstein New York City. Columbia A. B. Phi Lambda Kappa Peter V. Bisconti t New York City. . N. Y. U. B. S. Phi Alpha Gamma. Class President l, 3, 4. Basketball l, 2, 3, 4. Fleur-o-scope 1, 2, 3, 4. Flower Hospital Presenting the I-lon. P. V. B.- Executive Supreme. Honesty, sincerity, courage, aided and abetted by a forceful zeal for the politic, combined to make P. V. B. a pleasant melange of class leader and friend. But all of Pete's activities were not quite confined to the rigors of the diplomat-his interest in extra- curricular activities was indefa- tigable. Nature' in her more lavish mo- ments endows the beings of a certain few men with a grace of living and exemplary sense of personal neatness, a heritage of geniality and a capacity for friendship infrequently paralell- ed. To discover one so blessed is a comfort-to know one as a very dear friend is a pleasure too seldom experienced. Medi- cine will be his profession-and it is an art worthy of his ability, for it demands much of its minister, and this man has much to give. Sixty-seven Meyer S. Blick Sixty-eight New York City C. C. N. Y. B. S. Phi Lambda Kappa. Class Senator 3, 4. Fleur-o-scope 3. Metropolitan Hospital Throughout the four years of knowing him, Mike has ever been in every sense gentle in manner. But always strong in performance is as true of Mey- er, as the gentleness of manner. And it was a good thing you were strong in performance, be- cause sitting in the front row as you did, kept a lot of us further back from going through em- barrassing moments! We like you Mike, for your sincerity, your confidence, your goodness of heart, and gentleness in both manner and performance. We know that out of your gentleness has grown something larger and more material-your strength of spirit in the doing of the every-day things that one meets as a doctor. We look for- ward with expectation to the years to come, knowing they will show great things of you in your chosen work. Harlem Hospital The good natured joshing, which he received in the first Year because of the zeal with which he used his scalpel in an- atomy, had little effect upon him. ln Physiology and Pharmacol- ogy he again demonstrated how effective surgery could be, were it undertaken with thought, pre- cision, and mechanical ability. And the clinical years have been embellished by his marvel- ous facility for correct diagnoses -made possible through a fortu- itous combination of knowledge and intuition. ln combination with all this goes a laissez-faire -- insouciant attitude-which makes him take life eguably. l-lis entire scholas- tic career has been shaped so that its end would produce a surgeon of note. ,And Well has it succeeded! Charm, appear- ance, and personality give him the additional social prerequis- ites to fame and acclaim in his chosen field and profession. Michael A. Bottalico New York City. N. Y. U. B. S. Dance Committee 3. Fleur-o-scope 4. 1 ty IHD6 1 Newark City Hospital Hank is the quiet, reserved qentlemanly type. But there are exceptions whose existence, if overlooked, would cause very material error as concerns the characters of a certain few men. Hank is in this category. He has the uncanny ability to go direct- ly to the heart of any problem. Hank doesn't want to be a 'city doctor,' but takes pride in the fact that he is country bred and country fed. His hobby is bees, and just to mention bees means a zooloqical dissertation on habits and habitat of Apts Mellifica. He is practical and sensible in advice and actions. In spite of what the city did to him, We think this is one gentleman the city medical so- cieties Will not have to worry about-it's practice in the coun- try With real folks for our Dr. Buermann. Seventy Henry Buermann, J r 1 Maplewood, N. I. Columbia A. B. Phi Alpha Gamma Montclair, N. I. Syracuse President Y. M. C. A. 3. President, Beta Rho The critical analysis to which he was subjected during his scholastic career has served to emphasize the esteem and re- spect With which We consider him. Very obvious was his de- termination to complete his studies Without the stigma of favoritismp rather, the relation- ship was considered an impedi- ment to social and scholastic contacts. I-low he gradually overcame the scepticism of his classmates is an epic of the trials and tribulations-and the ultimate success-of a gentle- man. l-le stands revealed: hon- John B. Burrett est, sincere, modest, and studi- ous. The cynosure of all eyes, We now understand Why his father has been so successful, and Why Iohn is certain to attain -independently - an equal, if not better reputation. And as he reaches his goal, he will be ac- claimed by his classmates, who understand so well the fine points of his character. Genesee Hospital Rochester, N. Y. Qeventy-one There is nothing truly valuable which can be purchased without pains and 1abor. Long before Al forsook the life of a pharmacist for that of a physician, he earned for himself the sobriquet of Doc, His was not a choice that was made im- maturely or without deliberation, for the workinqs of the inner sanctum of the time-honored profession of medicine have long been known to him. A pro- found knowledqe of its pitfalls and hardships, which would have discouraqed most of us, only served to stimulate him. Because of the sacrifices he made, he appreciates more fully his duties as a physician. l-le is the type of man in whom we would Willinqly trust the life of a dear one. Obstacle is merely a Word in his vocabulary. ln- surmountable Obstacle simply doesn't exist. Metropolitan Hospital ,. B i Seventy-two New York City. Columbia Pharmacy Ph. G. Columbia A. B, Alexander R. Chalion l-larry R. Chinigo Flushing, N. Y. Wesleyan. Fleur-o-scope 3, 4. Assistant Editor 4. 1 y .Ng 1, V .n. United States Navy ln l-larry, we give you a strik- ing example of Wesleyan cul- ture, assiduity and pleasantry. lnherently inconspicuous - con- servative in the expression of his opinions-during his pre-clinical years, he gradually became the class cynosure through the ap- propriateness of his Well-timed raillery, the incredible persist- ence of his waggishness and an overwhelming penchant for a gross avordupois approximating sixty kilograms in his Women. I-lis intimates often have en- vied his dexterity at various and sundry avocations - including the royal and ancient game of golf, the varied drawing-room trivia and a breathtaking psy- chic game of contract bridge. But when We stop to consider that Harry belongs to the upper crust, intellectually, We cannot help but feel that the medical profession and the laity will profit by his contributions. Seventy-three V l Metropolitan Hospital. Behold the Aesthete!-the de- votee oi classical music and lit- erature, the lover of the better Worsteds, the finer cravats, and the older vintages,-an intrigu- ing rogue with an artistic taste. Four years as a close neighbor in lecture hall have served to bestow upon the Writer a true perspective oi the man in both his sleeping and waking hours. l-le is Wise, but with a wisdom belying his years, he is humor- ous, but with a humor with wit as its arrow, he is satirical, but With a satire With candor as its mark. We shall miss him immeasure- ably-this Epicure and bon viv- ant, this scholar, this considerate friend and adviser, this gentle- man who goes his way calm and serene in sun and storm-a bit of a Chesterfield, a dash of Pas- teur, and a pinch of Gilbert and Sullivan. Seventy-four Samuel S. Cohen Brooklyn, N. Y. Michigan A. B. Consul Phi Delta Epsilon Long Beach, California. Southern California. Alpha Sigma. Class Treasurer l, 2. John H. Crump We all laughed at his jokes for many cz joke had he. As a true son of California and an aggressive exponent of its renowned sunshine, Iohn came to us four years ago to begin his professional studies. He quickly established an enviable reputa- tion for himself both scholastic- ally and socially. A profound in- terest in anatomy, the basis of all surgery, marked out to his classmates his future specialty. He is unusually adept with the scalpel, but mechanical ability is delicately blended with a knowledge of physiology, so that each serves, rather than rules, the other. His capabilities are not excep- tional to his family, for his for- bears, both near and far, have long been waging a relentless war against disease. And so it is that another Dr. Crump goes forth to establish himself before the world. Flower Hospital Seventy-five And nature compromised 'twixt cx good fellow and cr recluse. Lest one should fail to recog- nize the result of an admixture of a good fellow and a recluse, let us hasten to say that Don comprises the abilities of a leader, a humorist and a scholar. His lot has not been that of a son of wealth. Rather has he had to strive, seemingly without end, to fulfill his ambition to follow in his father's footsteps. Don is one of those rare chaps who never sees aught but good in the world. His duties are ex- ecuted in a remarkably jovial spirit and with finesse. . No single community has the enviable right to call him its own, although Brown University, Somerville, N. I., and Mamoron- eck, N. Y. have primary claim. Perhaps it is his love of travel which has endowed in him a personality long to be remem- bered by his fellow students. Rhode Island . Homeopathic Hospital Seventy-six Mamaroneck, N. Y. Brown Ph.B. Alpha Sigma. Chairman, Dance Committee 3 Fleur-o-scope 4. Donald L. De Nyse Benedict B. De Phillips t Newark, N. I. Columbia A.B. l St. Elizabeth Hospital l-lis freshman year began with a long and weary daily trek from Newark to New York, and later was followed by a perman- ent residence in this city. Through all these hardships Ben resolutely adhered to a single policy: in order to know a sub- ject, no detail of that subject could be overlooked. That meant work, but not discouragementy for that small physique of his hid a heart of overwhelming cour- age and intensity. And so through the years we were priv- ileged to witness the struggle for knowledge, and the triumph of this little gentleman over the barriers set before the modern medical student. Too, the sight of Little Bennie and Big F rank was an amusing specta- cle-but the friendship of the two was permanent and enduring. Their partnership was ideal: so too, was the friendship of all whom Ben contacted. Seventy seven William McKinley Memorial Hospital Trenton, N. I. He hath a head to contrive and a tongue to persuade. A daily immigrant from the southermost portion of New York City CStaten lslandl, lim has daily journeyed to Flower in pursuit of medical knowledge. Close application to medical texts, as well as to clinical work, has given him a deep under- standing of medicine in many of its phases. His ability to remember details -even seemingly unimportant ones-together with a faculty for inspiring confidence, foretells a successful diagnostician and physician. Furthermore, his charm and genial nature are component parts ofa personality that is envied by many. I-Iis future is not to be doubted. I-Ie will chart his own course to success and never will he tarry long from that road. And who knows but that in later days we will read of his accomplishments in the leading medical journals of this country. - Seventy-eight James T. Dodge Staten Island, N. Y. Columbia A.B. Alpha Sigma. David Dragutskv l Brooklyn, N. Y. N. Y. U. B.S. Phi Lambda Kappa. E 7, Metropolitan Hospital It was lots of fun, wasn't it Dave? Remember when you thought that Medicine was all book work and consequently bought all the suggested text books? Was it not a great relief to arrive at our clinical years? You certainly received divi- dends for the enormous amount of work you did in the first two years. Always knowing what and why you were doing things, was reward enough. Further, you never permitted school work to interfere with your social obligations, regardless of the heavy demands of study. Can we ever thank you for acting as the class chauffeur? Hardly, but we can show our appreciation for your co-operativeness and helpfulness. You go forth as a qualified doctor, and as a regular fellow, and whatever you may gain in prestige and worldly goods will be well deserved. Seventy-nine Eighty Ida F. Epstein V Boston, Mass. Tufts Class Secretary 3. Ellis Hospital, Schenectady' Boston sent her down to spend four years in medical school with us, and we think Boston was pretty nice to let us have her. Her spirit hides a will and pur- pose strong as any cast steel could ever be. And like Elliot's tire-hearted sun, lda has always spent her strength in further striving action. Would that the rest of us could strive and carry on with such determined Will! Ot all the virtues ot a doctor, those of sincerity of purpose, of determination, of ability to carry on, will bring you success multi- plied a hundred times. But add- ed to this are your quietness and confidence, your .gentleness of manner and generosity of heart. Your name will go far, Ida. We will be watching Boston's hori- zon for the appearance of a new star in the future. A t I William McKinley Memorial Hospital Trenton, N. I. The temptations of the big city lite to this out-of-towner may have been decidedly alluring, but there always existed the ne- cessity for mastery of assign- ments. So, resolutely turning his face from the social amenities, he performed his many tasks, ob- taining his satisiaction in the knowledge of a job well done. The habit of meticulous prepara- tion for exams remained with him in the clinical years, when no study was absolutely neces- sary-except that dictated by the pangs of conscience. Iohn will be returning, very shortly, to the distant town from which he emigrated four years ago, and we shall see him only on occa- sion, but he carries with him our best wishes and ardent hopes for an early reunion, so that we may congratulate him upon the iuccess which is so certain to be is. John A. Esposito Mechanicville, N. Y, Union A.B. Eighty-o .ag I .M JV. :Shay Iewish Hospital of Brooklyn A real member of the intelli- gentsia, a feminist, and a stu- dent, Miss Fisher has gained the admiration of her fellow stu- dents. Her intellectual honesty and scholarly acumen have gained her many honors. She is a strong advocate of women's rights, and thereby incurs the humorous satire continually di- rected at her by fellow students. Yet, she is to be strongly com- mended for the valiant struggle. for the right of women medical students to be considered on the same basis as the men. Other women submitted to the restric- tions: only Louise fought them. And she fights against real evils: such as, the 'quota' on female medical students, the boycott of female internes, and the con- stant patronage exhibited to- ward her and her colleagues. Curiously, however, there is a complete transformation at so- cial functions, where Louise is the epitome of all that is feminine and lovely. Eiqhhf-two Louise Fischer Brooklyn, N. Y. N. Y. U. B.S. Class Secretary 4 Contin 3. A. M. S. A. 4. Fleur-o-scope 4. Bronx, N. Y. Hunter AB. Class Secretary 1. Fleur-o-scope 3, 4. Regina Gabler lean was an eye-opener to us when we first came to medical school, simply because we had never expected to find such a lovely being associated with the sordidness of Medicine. But we soon discovered that she was quite capable of digging into a cadaver with just as much gusto as the most blood-thirsty among us. She has gone through the four years placidly and evenly, the serenity of her demeanor be- ing marred only by exams, when we would hear that she had fallen asleep while trying to study, or that she had just a few more things to look up. lean has been nick-named the Queen by the boys, and her gracious- ness and charm well warrant this appellation. Now, with medical school be- hind her, lean is looking forward to interneship and practice. We wish her happiness and success in her venture. Harlem Hospital ri Eighty-three Describe him who can, An abridgement of all that is pleasant in man. What briefly characterizes Ed? Beady wit, an alert mind, a pleasing personality - not, of course, to forget his poetic out- bursts! Decisions are about equally divided on Whether he is more eager to participate in, or to supply, fun. A fact coming to the fore of late is that Ed must be an ex- plorer at heart. l-le has been braving the wilds of Tuckahoe for the past year, and expects to do the same thing for two years more from tar-off Bingham- ton. l-low far is Tuckahoe from Binghamton? We'll Wager Ed says too far! With the workout Ed is getting nights this year, Dr. Cocheu had better look to his laurels. A real Irishman who deserves the best of luck-and we Wish it to you, Ed. Binghamton - City Hospital Eighty-four Astoria, L. l. Columbia A.B. Alpha Sigma. Fleur-o-scope 4. Associate Editor Edward J. Gallagher John G. Garbarini V Woodside, L. I. Fordham A.B. Alpha Sigma. Basketball 1, 2, 3, 4. . V ,I M' ,L , 2 Binghamton City Hospital Who feeds himself with his alms feeds three, Himself, his hungering neighbor and Me. This dark-eyed son of Ford- ham for four years has plod the sometimes dreary, sometimes happy road of the embryonic medico. His freshman and soph- omore years were spent in dili- gently acquiring that rare talent for studying Without Worrying. His Iunior and Senior years were the foundations of an ever- growingknowledge of medicine. We shall always recall with delight his uncanny ability to quote, almost verbatim, Gray's Anatomy, and by so doing as- tound his professors. Nor shall We soon forget his ready willing- ness to aid any of his fellow stu- dents When they called upon him. His infectious gaiety together with his unruly hair only serve to emphasize those traits of character which will carry him on to success in his chosen pro- fession. Eighty-five Northeastern Hospital Philadelphia, Pa. Moderation was the word the Greeks used to express their concept of the philosophy of life. To them, all was Well, provided there was no excess of good or bad. Bill's only fault was his lack of moderation. Conscienti- ous to a fault, he saw no alterna- tive to the exhausting study of his medical career. Now at the close of his school days, we may stop to Wonder whether he had the correct idea. Willingly we acknowledge that he was right. An excellent student, he is still social-minded and friendly. A life guard during the summer, and frequent swims during the Winter have built up his fine physique. A so-called glutton for punishment, and the ability to profit thereby, Bill will achieve an enviable reputation both as a physician and a gentleman. Good luck, Bill. Eighty-six William S. Gartner v l Philadelphia, Pa. Temple A.B. Long Island City. Columbia A.B. Eric G. Cesell Not silent Was, but silent seemed to be. The old adage about still waters will never be more aptly exemplified than by this Teu- tonic son of Columbia Univers- ity. lt is now a matter of record that for the first two years of college, Eric was known merely as another member of the class of l937. At the start of the junior year, however, his mag- netic personality - apparently suppressed for two years-blos- somed forth for all to behold. Those who know him well have found to their delighted surprise that here indeed is a friend in whom a trust is well-placed. Never shirking any duty no matter how burdensome, and often assuming the burdens of others, Eric has well begun a career which may see him guiding the destinies of one of our renowned metropolitan hos- pitals. St. Iohn's Hospital Long Island City Eighty-seven There's nothing ill can dwell in such a temple. Versatility is the acme of Doug's accomplishments. Yet, through it all, he is seeking, di- rectly or indirectly, the allevia- tion of mankind's sufferings. In work or play, his is a personality brimming over with humor and the joy of living. He rejoices in the carefree spirit of others but is despondent with the realiza- tion that it must be temporary. But, withal, his ambition is so deeply rooted as to make future happiness inevitable. His associations are forever broadening, for his nature is such that it cannot be confined to one profession. It is for all to experience and thus to enjoy. His ready Wit and hearty laugh mark him out as an indispens- ible member of the medical pro- fession. Long may the banner of this son of Notre Dame Wave! Mary Immaculate Hospital H Iamaica, L. I. r l EightY-eight Hollis, L .I. Notre Dame B.S. Alpha Sigma. Class Senator 1, 2. Douglas J. Giorgio Allan s. Graham Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Hamilton President Alpha Sigma. Dance Committee l, 2, 3. Flower Hospital Remote from busy 1ife's bewildered way. With a song in his heart and a smile on his lips Mac has thundered into New York from the vast forests of Westchester these past four years in search of medical knowledge. Nor has his quest been in vain, for dur- ing this period he has made the most of his opportunities. He has never shirked any duty and has never failed to perform any task, no matter how difficult. His inter- ests, excluding Medicine, are the enjoyment of the company of his fellow man, and Mac has therefore taken it upon himself to make his contemporaries con- scious of the true joy of living. Such a personality is fully un- derstandable when one remem- bers that it springs from the heart of Westchester. His traits shall linger in our memories long after commencement has passed. Eighty-nine Metropolitan Hospital Dynamic and high strung, Sam has charged through the rigors of medical school, undaunted and unsung. No tribute to his ceaseless medical curiosity has ever been rendered. Now, how- ever, we may publicly commend his untiring zeal and burning en- thusiasm which he has always so amply demonstrated to all who came in contact with him. In addition to his scholastic at- tainments, his well 'known lib- eral and tolerant views con- cerning social, economic, and religious questions have given him an enviable reputation. Too seldom is there this composite of scientific exactness and social liberality. He has united the two, and the result has been admirable. l-le leaves us with a fine record as a student, many mem- ories of good times, a promise of future reunions, and the knowledge that the future will portray him as a worthy physi- cian. Ninety Samuel A. Greenberg Brooklyn, N. Y. L. I. U. B.S. John L. G-utovvski i Brooklyn, N. Y. St. Iohn's Alpha Sigma King's County Hospital There is such charm in melancholy I would not, if I could, be gay. A melancholic state does not always imply a depressed state. When Milton wrote Il Penser- oso , he meant not a man de- pressed by difficulties and hard- ships, but rather a man who planned- to overcome obstacles. I-Ie sang of a man who might one day lift himself by thought alone from the commonplace things in this World. Such a man is this dark hair- ed Brooklynite. Modern civiliza- tion has attempted to buffet him about as it has so many others, -but in vain. With unusual serenity in the face of hardship, his unruffled countenance re- flects an inner calmness which is a characteristic trait of his. An acquaintance with such a man is desirable. A friendship with such a man is invaluable. Ninety-one Ninety-two William L. l-leeve Brooklyn, N. Y. North Carolina University Alpha Sigma 'ii Flower Hospital His weakly drawl though short, too long. This tall, lean Brooklynite has passed among us for four years, at various times interjecting into our lives his mellow philosophy of life and Medicine. In early years unappreciative of his counsel, we later realized the truth of his many pronounce- ments. Bill was raised in an atmos- phere of medical lore and his calling to Medicine was one of heredity. His aims in life are threefold: to continue in later life the associations formed in medical schoolp to do anything that would forward the cause of Mediciney and, most important, to treat the patient as a human being. Fortunate indeed are we to have met this northern ex- ponent of southern culture. We shall bend our every effort so as not to lose track of him in the future. Harlem Hospital Purvis is one of the strong, silent type-in fact you scarcely know that he is around. How- ever, Purv is one of the finest fellows we know. Coming to the New York Medical College with a background of Harvard and Yale behind him, he is perhaps the most educated man in the class. Quietly and unassuming he has worked his way through medical school, and, despite the obstacles in his path, he has finally reached the top. At the Met. the colored pat- ients with whom Purv came into contact beamed with delight and seemed very proud of him. He had a confidence-inspiring abil- ity of obtaining complete histor- ies from any of his patients. Purvis goes out well prepared to tackle new fields, by virtue of his nature, manner and intelli- gence. We wish him all the success in the world in his chos- en work, that of negro education. Purvis S. Henderson New York City. Yale, M. S. Harvard, B. S. Ninety- three 4 Coney Island Hospital Superficially, a highly skepti- cal and cynical young many essentially, a keen analyst and regular fellow. Sid has always commanded, our admiration for the nonchalant manner in which he has undertaken to master the many intricate problems of mod- ern Medicine. l-le has succeeded because there exists, beneath that outward indifference, an alert mind responsive to the challenge of the curriculum. I-le seems to tire easily during lec- tures, but anything pertinent brings him sharply out of his reverie. After all, if he can take it 'from Fischer, he can take it from the profs. I-le goes forth in- to the world as another accom- plished practitioner of the art of Medicine, and were he properly appraised-as he has here been evaluated-his classmates would some day bask in the radiance of his fine reputation. Ninety-four Sidney Hoffman Brooklyn, N. Y. Coe, B. S. Fleur-o-scope 2, 3, 4 Meriden, Conn. Clark A. B. Phi Lambda Kappa Fleur-o-scope 3, 4. Business Manager 3 Managing Editor 4 lrving Katz Some of us have been spoon fed since childhood. Gthers have had ,to meet conditions half-way'-'Irv' however, has had to fight against odds to achieve his goal, and overcome obstacles that none but his clos- est friends were aware of. 'lrv' never complained-but always managed to be cheerful and pleasant. I-lis associates have been impressed by his abil- ity to use common-sense in any situation. There is no doubt that he has had to rely on this attri- bute for years, and that he will be the better practitioner of Med- icine because of this virtue. We all know that good 'horse-sense' -plus a good basic foundation, is what makes tor the best prac- tice of Medicine. His fine sense of humor, com- bined with courage and rounded out by severe honesty will un- questionably give 'lrv' success in the tomorrow. I Iamaica Hospital Ninety-five . A deep occult philosopher ln the years to come, when we shall sentimentally reminisce about our college days, the pic- ture of a short stocky man per- enially puffing a curved pipe will inevitably flash into mind. He personifies a triad of charac- teristics: small of stature, gener- ous of heart, and constant of purpose. There is some debate among his classmates Whether his pipe is a protective mechanism a- gainst people with whom he doesn't care to associate, or whether he actually enjoys its somewhat doubtful aroma. As is usual with such cases, criticsm has been forthcoming in relation to the type of tobacco and in re- lation to the pipe in which the tobacco is consumed. Soft-spoken and retiring by nature, nevertheless, he has shown himself to be a man of hidden depths. Perseverance and constancy will make the rough Ways smooth. Maurice will travel far. Englewood Hospital Ninety-six Providence, R. l. Phi Lambda Kappa Rhode Island State B.S., MS Maurice N. Kay Edward W. Keeler Mansfield, Ohio Ohio State Alpha Sigma. ,,,...-- Huron Road Hospital. Cleveland, Ohio Ah, why it is, I cannot see That all of life should labor be. The wear and tear of medical school have had no deleterious effects on this young man. Rather it has netted him a further gain in weight. I-Ie is another of those easy-going chaps. A not-too-small part of the haziness of an involved subject may be attributed to his overindulgence in smoking before classes, dur- ing classes Cwhen possiblel, and after classes. We have been happy in his association with us for the past two years, during which time we have to come to know Ed as one of the most pleasant fellows in the class. Everyone has a cordial feeling for him and he will be a real asset to that Ohio community that welcomes him as its servitor. So long, Ed, we'll be seeing you. Ninety-seven 1 . l I Cumberland Hospital big body, a big heart, and a big mind, -concisely describes Sol. Elaboration will only reveal the many manifestations of his intelligent and ready apprecia- tion of the necessity for the stud- ies, Which to us, appeared so drastic and unnecessaryp and the Willingness to impart some of his enormous knowledge to his classmates. Not only a member of the honorary society, but also its President, his reputation has been Widespread. Well may it be so, for if ever such recognition were deserved, his is. I-le has Worked long and earnestly and 'his acceptance by Contin has been but a small recompense for the many hours spent in study. Unfortunately, Contin has no personality qualifications, - for, if it did, he would then have a more complete manifestation of the high regard with which We consider him. Ninety-eight Solomon D. Klotz Bronx, N. Y. Columbia B. S. President Contin Society Bellaire, L. I. St. Iohn's B. S. Alpha Sigma Vice-President 2 Nicholas A. Knox, Jr. He knew the psychological moment to say nothing. We do not doubt but that Nick has often been referred to as the blond giant from the forests of Bellaire . Perhaps such a refer- ence was only made in his ab- sence, but nevertheless it was inevitable. His cosmopolitan nature, however, belies his ori- gin. His stern sense of justice is delicately tempered with an un- canny talent for understanding the shortcomings and Weakness- es of a lesser man . He firmly believes in individual freedom in every sense of the word. He expects others to respect his views as he would respect theirs. His booming voice, interrupted occasionally by roaring laugh- ter, Will echo forever in our re- collection. His is an heritage that will make history. Of such men are heroes made. We shall forever be proud that he calls us friend. ' King's County Hospital C .:.'L' Y W' Ninety-nine More truth than fiction . . . he deserves a sincere and just es- timation, for his intimacy has been our most prized possession. His personality is a happy blend- ing of seriousness, joyfulness, worthy ideals, flashing humor and subtlety, determination and excellence in scholarship, and tolerance. There is no doubt that he will go far, because of the rare quali- ties blended in his character. He has given consolation to students and professors by his presence in the Wards during his clerkship -rather rare in the bustle of modern medical education. The associations he has formed throughout his college years have deservedly reflected his personality. Race, creed or color have no part in the molding of his friendships. Character, how- ever, is essential. For those personal qualities which lend themselves so easily to making him a delightful com- panion We maintain the highest regard. Metropolitan Hospital One hundred Bronx, N. Y. Fordham B. S. Phi Alpha Gamma Joseph Lawrence Sidney Lipenholtz Bronx, N. Y. Columbia A. B. Contin Society Beth Israel Hospital Coldly, unemotionally, and practically, Sid has pursued his quest for knowledge. I-Ie has se- cured high scholastic honor, but - more significantly - he ac- tually seems to have learned the fundamentals of Medicine. He knew his work, and he had no necessity for popular acclaim or professorial favors. To a certain extent the 'unthinking may criti- cize his apparent self-centered egotism, but the critical realize that his friendly contacts are based upon quality, and not quantity. Those attributes of in- tellectual superiority and friend- liness, are simply unknown to the class. Men are judged by the company they keep, and Sid may rest assured that his excel- lent reputation is thus earned. Before concluding, we should also like to congratulate him upon the great interest in, and the extensive knowledge of, the social problems now confront- ing the world. One hundred one i -rl :. -Q 4.5 if alkyl 1 A I Israel Zion Hospital Too ready to please. Unfortunately, as medical stu- dents, we have reached the satu- ration point where he who is really anxious to be friendly and co-operative is held as a suspect of being naively young. Eli, how- ever, has never quite understood this fact, and he has therefore continued amicably to deal with his classmates, never realizing that not all were as gentlemanly as he. ln his studies, Eli was primarily interested in obtaining tools with which he could think medically, and only secondarily in passing examinations. l-low unlike the rest of us! Curiously, or probably as a consequence, his grades were always good. A gentleman and scholar, he commences his career with our very best wishes, and sincere hopes that he achieves the goal for which he is aiming. One hundred two Elias Livingston New York City. Columbia B.S, MA. Phi Lambda Kappa Senator l. Edmund F. Longvvorth Pelham, N. Y. Columbia A. B. Alpha Sigma. Basketball l, 2. f., Mt. Vernon Hospital The world's no better ii we Worry, Life's no longer if We hurry. lt has been rightly said- there's one fact that Ed will e'er nurse, that all exams he'll finish first. Here is a man of our class who has shown a vivid trans- formation in personality during these past four years. l-le began as a plugger keeping perfect at- tendance. We know his interest in medicine still keeps him abreast of his work, but, as for attendance, we don't see him quite so often Cask Dr. MJ. Of late, we have come to re- gard him as a recluse, and when seen we hear no more new or old jokes. Now at the portals of his professional life, there can be little doubt that he will enjoy the fulfillment of a long life of ser- vice and success. One hundred three Thomas F. Lynch I New York City. Fordham B. S. A. M. S. A. 4. Beta Rho O h d diour Flower Hospital May We introduce the fluent and well-informed Dr. Lynch? Honest effort and a natural in- telligence is a combination which too often is allowed to lie dormant by individuals possess- ing it. Tom's successful coales- cence of both of these qualities has resulted in an enviable re- cord. l-Iis discovery of the intesti- nal parasites in junior pediatrics proves the point. Neat in his dress, kind in his corrections, keen-minded in his observations, charming in his presence and address - he makes a picture long to be re- membered. But there was some- thing more to Tom-a capacity for companionship. This virtue arises from his affability, con- geniality, unlimited pleasant- ness, unaffected condescension, supreme benevolence and a graciousness unegualled. We should like to wish him luck- but that would be something of superfluity, for chance plays a small part when ability suffices. -t HY TI- .'7' Q William McKinley Memorial Hospital Trenton, N. I. After four years of an appar- ently vigorous and strenuous college life, a thoroughly ex- hausted son of Pittsburgh was dropped into our midst. Since his arrival, Sam has had a continuous tete-a-tete with Mor- pheus, ior surely none but God would dare to cope with Sam's inaccessible record for sleep. Examinations never fazed him for 24 hours of continuous work found him prepared. l-lis only regrets were that he could have used 20 of those hours for sleep. His motto has always been, Never do today what you can do next Week or next month. ln spite of this Weakness, Sam has been a fine student. I-Ie has that enviable ability of being able to remember after he has Once heard a topic. Frankness is his hobby and to all who have known him, his sincerity is an unprecedented virtue. G o o d luck, Sam. Samuel l-I. Mallinger Pittsburgh, Pa. Pittsburgh B. S. Phi Delta Epsilon. Fleur-o-scope 3. hundred Iewish Memorial Hospital For approximately two years Morty had us all puzzled. All we knew of him at that time was that he was a happy-go-lucky, industrious, up-to-the-minute stu- dent. However a better associa- tion with him has shown him to be a willing, straightforward and sincere friend. Morty has a true clinical sense. His excellent approach and keen analytical mind are surely the precursors of an ex- cellent diagnostician. Although faithful to his work, Morty has always found ample time for diversion. To the boys in his group Morty's services have been indispensable, for surely a ride in a new car is better than walking. Come what may, our Alma Mater can rest assured that at least one of her sons will have left her with that fine com- bination of Scholar-Gentleman -Physician. One hundred six Mortimer Mann H t New York City. N. Y. U., B. S. Phi Delta Epsilon. Dance Committee 3, 4 Brooklyn, N. Y. N. Y. U., B. S. Chancellor Delta Sigma Theta Fleur-o-scope l, 2, 3, 4- Assistant Editor 4. Good humor only teaches charms to last, Still makes new conquests and maintain the past. For his frank and unhesitant denunciations of all the hypocri- sies and foibles that some of us have shown we express pro- found admiration. Many are cognizant of the facts: he alone had the courage to expose them. Possibly, however, his firm grasp of the theories of Medicine-both as to diagnosis and treatment- renders him immune to threats of retaliation. Combined with his frankness is an intense zeal for medical learning and an intelli- gence adequate to cope with the diverse problems of Medicine. Angelo C. Manocchio I-Ie deserted the ranks of the celibates this past year, and there is little necessity for Wish- ing him luck, since he needs none: he will be as fine a hus- band as he will a physician- with equally fine inducements for both. Coney Island Hospital l One hundred seven He talked on forever, and you wished him to talk on forever. Bill is one of those rare fellows who is a friend of all. Reared amid the hospitable atmosphere of one of our smaller cities, he has found it difficult to under- stand why this metropolis treats its residents as cogs in a machine rather than human beings. l-le frowns but rarely, and then for either of two reasons: he is attempting to work out some mathematical problem or is engrossed in study for some examination. More frequently he is smiling or in the throes of laughter. l-lis vocation is Medicine but his avocation is teaching. This latter will consume what little spare time he will have in the early years of his pactise. Go to it, Bill! Your reputation won't be limited to Albany. St. Peter's Hospital, Albany, N. Y. One hundred eight Albany, N. Y. Union U., Ph. G. Alpha Sigma. Chairman Social Activities, Y. M. C. A. 3. Fleur-o-scope 4. William J. Martin, Jr Gaetano A. Mascara New York City, N. Y. U., B. S Delta Sigma Theta. Fleur-o-scope 4. t St. Iohn's Hospital, Long lsland City Thought-provoking questions are a sign of intelligence. Woe to the reputation of medical students were their l. Q.'s so judged! An all-too-amusing and disquieting sight is the apparent indifference of our students to question, so as to clarify and define. Anthony, however, has never permitted the false artifici- ality inherent in this attitude to prevent his learning the exact meaning of statements made by our clinicians, who occasionally leave entirely too much to the imagination. Tenacity, intelli- gence, and intellectual integrity are his characteristics and there is nothing but esteem and re- spect for this student's sincerity and successfulness in really learning Medicine. His key- notes, minus seriousness and sincerity, were tenaciously ad- hered to throughout four years of school and clinical work. Good luck, Tony, We are sure you will be an asset to the pro- fession and will achieve success. One hundred nine Newark Memorial Hospital A resident of the western shores of the Hudson, F rank has nevertheless displayed a cosmo- politan demeanor worthy of the most sophisticated of New York- ers. Debonair and amusing, one would hardly visualize him as one of our most ambitious and studious classmates. Yet, almost four years of close association with him have convinced us that he will permit nothing to stand in the way of his success as a physician. l-le knows he has the ability to succeed-he now awaits the practical applicability of this knowledge. Future recollections of his amusing and entertaining con- versations will bring reminiscent sighs oi regret. I-lis closer associ- ates will find such memories more mellow. Too, there will be the realization that the only road to success is that which is built upon intelligent thinking, and smoothed over by the perspira- tion of honest labor. One hundred ten Franklin J. Mascia Newark, N. I. Syracuse. Fleur-o-scope 4. Iersev CitY, N- l- Norwich B. S. Alpha Sigma. t Walter L. Mersheimer No one could accuse Walt of being afraid to try. He enters inio everything and works without cx sigh. ln Walt we have a very out- spoken but well meaning fellow. Like all mortals he makes mis- takes at times, but always, until proven otherwise, with the con- viction that he has been pursu- ing the right path. Walt is a real, and a regular fellow. His wholesome bluff, evidenced by his blustering, swaggering man- ner, is affected to protect him against those who would take advantage of his good nature. Frankness, courage, and level thinking are among his assets. I-fe is a man of his word. His faculty of having initiative, and of being unafraid to assume re- sponsibility, places him in line for leadership. In fact, his four years at Flower have revealed him to be a leader in more than one field. Christ Hospital Iersey City, N. I. One hundred eleven We give you one of the more Well-rounded men of the class -the personification of Milton's Il Ponderoso . A high-ranking grumble-less gentleman - he'll bounce around with that odd gait of his, wearing an almost bashful smile that seems to say, l'm not quite sure of my Way around . Don't let it fool you! Monte is a perfect example of that type present in every class -content to remain in the back- ground, but upon whose fiber the entire tapestry depends. An irresistable force that will gradually forge on to good for- tune, our recollections of Monte will always be pleasant. With such thoughts We shall ever eagerly hope that the sincerity We found so admirable and the friendship We cherished will never vanish. A gentleman, an excellent student, an enviable friend, We would have our Wishes for his success and hap- piness harbored in him forever. United States Navy One hundred twelve Iamaica, L. I Cornell A. B. Gasper VV. Monteleone Robert F. Morton St. Vincent's Hospital Staten Island Better alone than in bad com- pany is Bob's keynote. lt leads to the conclusion that we are absolutely certain that he is ready to ao to any point to help both his patients and his friends. He is quite apprehensive about the complexity of medical educa- tion. This realization has rather spurred him on than led him in a gloom of hopelessness. Speech is silver but Silence is golden. And so, Bob, the quiet- est man in the class, has been calm and collected - except on rare occasions, when, as it some importunate imp within him were set loose, he roars, and then belated explanation fol- l-lis friendship means a qreat deal to those who know him. We hope the coming years will Brooklyn, N. Y. Fordham A. B. Phi Alpha Gamma. spread his mellow companion- ship to others as he qoes forward to the 'Goal Assuredf One hundred thirteen g l Greenpoint Hospital Round of face, glib of tongue, smooth of manner In Polemics,-he carries the Banner. A treasure greater than gold, to those fortunate enough to have enjoyed Moon's friendship, based so strongly on democratic sympathies. Generous, philo- sophical, and thoughtful, lohn has earned the respect and es- teem of all. Without the slightest friction, his perfectly compatible, frank, and straightforward parti- cipation in any form of conver- sation annihilates the premises propagated by the ignorant and prejudiced, and enthralls the lover of logic. Even tempered, always pleasant and sincere, probably few realize his depth of knowledge and understanding. His highly dignified bearing, coupled with a desire to master the Art and Science of Medicine with principles activated by the highest ideals, will reap rewards so richly merited by the sanctify- ing ideals of a strong man. One hundred fourteen John Mullen 1 L Brooklyn, N. Y. Fordham A. B. President Phi Alpha Gamma A. M. S. A. 4. Dance Committee 3. Anthony N oto Brooklyn, N. Y. Marietta A. B. Alpha Sigma T I Knickerbocker Hospital He may be little, that is, small, But all great men were not made tall. Tony has been unassuming, unpresumptive and given to few words-in short, he is a quiet fellow. Shyness is another of his attributes, and this impression of him is strengthened when one sees the ease with which he blushes. On hearing Tony recite so softly and deliberately it is quite evident that he has a head on his shoulders. To say that he is a man of many loves is at first rather startling, and hardly flatteringy yet when it is added that his affections are distributed between an interest in Medicine and studying for a pastime, personal insinuations are dis- avowed and his prestige suffers not in the least thereby. Our opinion is that Tony occupies a prominent place among those most likely to succeed. One hundred fifteen Nicholas A. Novalis Astoria, L. I. Columbia A. B. Phi Alpha Gamma. Fleur-o-scope 4 e hundred sixteen r-733 X' vt K' l 1 rl 'K Flower Hospital Making small things great under its influence! For love of detail, for a mind that searches into every cranny and nook, to find those details that to others seemed too small to be of significance--for such a careful searching mind we look to Nick. lt is of such men that atom searchers are made. lt is of Nick, indeed, that we expect the world to hear sometime in the not- too-distant future. And along with this inquiring mind goes a broadness of vision, a friendliness of heart, a reten- tive memory. Here We have the doctor in the noblest sense. We are looking for great things from you, Nick. May you ever jour- ney on this road, taken by the pioneers of Medicine, with an enthusiasm which now and again burns into the bright light of discovery! Harlem Hospital From the beginning there was no doubt as to who could think the quickest, remember the long- est, study the hardest and know the most in our class. It took Lucy to keep the class scholastic reputation at its highest peak. That rare combination of having with us a person who could listen to lectures and remember what was said, and also one who formed friends and everlast- ing friendships because of her trueness of character and open- ness of heart, we found in Lucy. Always ready to help when in trouble, always willing to share her best, we take off our hats to her. For such a mite, we must admit she has delivered the goods -and we know she will go on as successfully in Medi- cine as she has in medical school. Lucy Gzarin Inwood, L. I. N. Y. U. B. S. Contin Society. Fleur-o-scope 4. One hundred sevent e Morrisania Hospital Dignified, sincere and intelli- gent-these few words epitomize the essentials of his character, and afford an insight into the reasons for the universally high regard with which his class- mates regard him. Turbulent, hectic, and troubled were the days of our second year, yet Felix, as class prexy, never once lost the dignity and equanimity so essential for the proper func- tioning of his office. But desire to devote more time to study, induced him to forsake active interest in guiding the class des- tinies+a great loss to the class, but a triumph for him. His scholastic record for the past two years confirms the impression of the first two, inasmuch as his being one of our better students is concerned. I-le is conscien- tious to an extreme wherever Medicine is involved. Good-luck to you, Felix, in your chosen field. One hundred eighteen Felix A. Pappaiardi Bronx, N. Y. N. Y. U., B. S. Delta Sigma Theta. Class President 2. Senator 3, 4. Orange, N. I. N. Y. U., B. S. Freshman year found us with Mario in our midst. Though small in stature, we soon found that he need climb no tree in order to be noticed. Mario had the answer whenever ques- tioned. l-lis earnestness in study by night found reward in his ability to answer by day, and we soon discovered ourselves notic- ing the giant shadow on the wall. But earnestness in studies was merely a reflection of that earnestness in all that he does. I-lere is a real friend, sincere, staunch, true. But, withal, there is a refreshing sense of humor ' '41 l Mario V. Pizzi that comes out at the most trying times-for example, during our anatomy exams. We are confi- dent, Mario, that your greatness will indeed be seen by all. Four years at Flower have but served to herald many years of success for you in the future. ' St. Michael's Hospital Newark, N. I. One hundred nineteen Genius is 90W hard work: so apparently Ioe must have a divine spark lurking beneath that ready smile. Through the long, difficult preclinical years, he has worked ceaselessly and arduously--always too busy to complain, and too strong for self pity. With the advent of the clinical years, he soberly and in- telligently planned to derive the greatest amount of hard, com- mon sense knowledge possible. The results demonstrated, with- out a doubt, that here was one student who utilized, to the full- est, the clinical facilitiesto ce- ment, more firmly, his book learning. A final, conclusive idea of how thorough he is may be gleaned from his interneship at California. He conceived the unusual idea, studied it, and accomplished it. Will power and brain power are beautifully combined, and the results indi- cate a long and glorious career. Brooklyn, N. Y. N. Y. U., B. S. Delta Sigma Theta. Dance Committee 2, 4 Southern Pacific Hospital, San Francisco, California. One hundred twenty Joseph M. Presti Frank J. Prisco Brooklyn, N. Y Cornell A. B Fleur-o-scope 1, 2, 3, 4 Assistant Editor 3 Literary Editor 4 Delta Sigma Theta. Samaritan Hospital, Troy It is a very special privilege to be accorded the opportunity to eulogize, even briefly, the per- sonable Dr. Prisco. Very spe- cial since it was F ate, the cast of a die, or maybe just the Boss, that saw to it that F rank was to wield his tongue and scalpel at the Writer's bench in Anatomy laboratory. Having ascertained, through that inevitable grape- vine system of all freshman classes, that this gentleman al- ready had done some carcass- carving at Cornell, yours truly expected easy going. His streamlined dissections and dis- sertations thereof proved to be both a delight and an aid. We will remember Frank for his everpresent hand-Written notesy his extremely retentive memoryy his photographic mind - essentially negative y and his backslapping geniality. I-Ie leaves us as he came-alert and with a justifiable confidence in his qualifications. One hundred twenty-one Christian Hospital, St. Louis Vaguely there comes to mind the Biblical dictum that the meek shall inherit the earth . Were people like Murray in exis- tence then? Truly, one of the most curious paradoxes of our class was the sight of this stu- dent, silent and unobtrusive, While others talked. Silence is golden - but more valuable were his timely and pertinent helpful interjections to settle an enthusiastic argument. l-le is a loyal friend, a foe of gossip, an intelligent student. I-lis many fine qualities sadden us With the realization of our impotence to describe more vividly the pro- found beneficent influence he exerts upon all he contacts. Medical students are sceptical and cynical, hardly inclined to emote, yet Murray Be makes one feel cheap and unclean in com- parison - despite one's fairly decent reputation. l-lis mere presence fills one with confi- dence so essential in the quest for success. , One hundred twenty-two Maurice J. Re Brooklyn, N. Y. N. Y. U., B. S. Delta Sigma Theta Treasurer 4. Brooklyn, N. Y. University of North Carolina. Phi Delta Epsilon. Contin Society. Class Treasurer 3. Vice-President 4. Fleur-o-scope 4. Assistant Art Editor 4. Herman Reinstein From the wilds of that place they call Brooklyn, came Rein- stein. But far from being un- civilized, Hy has distinguished himself from all others. Pos- sessed of a very forceful char- acter, he has great persuasive powers and could probably sell gold bricks. This fact stands him in good stead, for he inspires confidence, a most necessary part of a doctor. Hy is one of the cleverest students in the classy hard working, energetic and ambitious. He has the quality of leadership, and knows how to manage people. He is quite an athlete. At the Thanksgiving football games he scored the most touchdowns. Hy was a member of the close corporation of Rubin, Reinstein, Shiner and Sherwood, and he held pre- ferred stock. Hy leaves us on his way to success, and we are sure he will attain it. Metropolitan Hospital l t One hundred twenty-three A composite of the Arts and Sciences. I-le has always been a sincere exponent of the Art of Medicine, and those who were privileged to watch his beautiful anatomical dissections and his brilliant physiological experi- ments, were impressed by the ease and finesse with which they were performed. In examining patients, there was always pres- ent, in this student's mind, the thought that the patient was ill, and that the causes must be found. And discovered they were-through an elaborately thorough history, and , an ex- quisitely perfect physical exam- ination. Where health and happiness depended upon the result, there was no time for haste. I-le made haste by going slowly. Fortunate are his future patients, for they are destined to receive the best of scientific care, and the greatest of humane con- siderations. Metropolitan Hospital 99 One hundred twenty-four New York City. C. C. N. Y., B. S. Fleur-o-scope 1, 2, 3, 4. Associate Art Editor, 3. Art Editor 4. Production Manager 4. Ralph E. Ricciardi Philetus l-l. Riley Plainfield, N. I. Rutgers. Muhlenberg Hospital More mature and more re- sponsible than the average med- ical student, Phil has been Well equipped to meet the exigencies of a medical education. The burden of commuting daily, and the responsibility of a family have in no way interfered with his pursuit .of knowledge, and now, at the termination of his scholastic labors, he can heave a sigh of relief, pat himself on the back, Wonder how he lost all his hair, and accept congratulations for an enviable scholastic rec- ord. I-lis Worthy qualities were admirably demonstrated by his early recipiency of five intern- ships. His popularity was great- ly enhanced when the rumor was circulated that he was ready to dispose of the surplus. Bon voyage, Phil, and may the remaining years of struggle be just a bit easier-you certain- ly deserve success. Good-Luck. One hundred twenty-five Flower Hospital In Ed one sees a flashing smile, charming personality, ease of manner and the ability to win the friendship of his class- mates. It has become the quid- inq principle of his life to maintain good fellowship,-an independent conduct favored by his eternal tranquility. We doubt the expediency of qoinq further to convince the reader that Ed will remain a pleasant memory to all of us. His school Work has brouqht out certain fine qualities which may be summarized as efficiency, pos- session of a zeal which cannot but be admired, and a talent for conversation. We are far from being as Well informed as you suppose us to be on all Ed's qualities. So here We say for- give our delinquenciesy What- ever they may be, we have the certainty that he will inspire a confidence in his patients which will prove his key to success. One hundred twenty-six Edward F. Rohmer Astoria, L. I. St. Iohn's. Phi Alpha Gamma. Vice-President 3. Richard A. Rose New Rochelle, N. Y. Tufts B. S. Fordham Research. Phi Alpha Gamma. St. Agnes Hospital, White Plains Dick?-Well We've been try- ing to figure him out and it can't be done. He has had us on the end of a string for so long with his sincerity and infectious grin that we are still at odds just which to believe. He takes great delight in announcements which perturb us to no end but which fail to materialize as predicted, -thank God. He has been a studious Work- er in spite of extra-scholastic Work which has required much of his time and energy. All that one needs, however, to accom- plish anything is the will to do, and the time Will be found. As a physician his bearing and clinical approach are every- thing to be desired. He has that deference which patients hold in high regard and which the medical profession feels should be a part of every individual physician. One hundred twenty-seven I Carl C. Rosenberg One hunde-rd twenty-eight Brooklyn, N . Y. West Virginia. Metropolitan Hospital Paradoxically, he has an ex- cellent reputation with all of the many cliques in our class. An- alysis of his character, however, reveals the all too obvious ex- planation. l-le has never per- mitted the tension of medical school to get the better of his sense of humor. l-le too can study into the Wee small hours of the night. But the next morn- ing finds him smiling and con- fident. Exams, quizzes, etc. do not disturb him. A cool head and an excellent understanding of Medicine, added to an essen- tially friendly heart have per- mitted him to travel the difficult course of medical school-all the while acquiring friendships and lc n o W l e d g e. As graduation draws nigh, a sense of dismay is felt at the prospect of losing contact with this fine young man. But our loss is the Worlcl's gain, and Medicine's advance- ment. ...MN Kings County Hospital Meet the most ideational fellow in the class-a man as full of screwy ideas as Rube G o l d b e r g. Notwithstanding, Lenny is to be complimented up- on the performance of a most difficult task, such was the sculpting of the bust of Dr. Hon- an, which was indeed a master- piece. But besides this mental keenneess and artistic ability, Lenny has a good head for learning, and his scholarship earned his election to the honor society. As for athletic prowess -in the football game between the Hairy apes and the Bald men, even his head served-for the ball hit his head and bounced off into the arms of Reinstein who ran for a touch- down. Lenny goes forth in the hopes of doing plastic surgery some day, and we know he will be successful because his skill, in- telligence and manner well war- rant it. Leonard R. Rubin Columbia B. S. Lawrence, N. Y. Contin Society. Vice-President l. Fleur-o-scope 4. Assistant Art Editor 4. One hundred twenty-nine Beth El Hospital Bill's apparent pugnacity in all of his dealings with the fac- ulty has always been a source of amusement to his classmates, particularly, in view of the gen- eral awe and fear of incurring professorial reproofs. In sharp contrast, however, is his friendli- ness and good cheer to his class- mates. And, somehow, his cheer and confidence radiated to those who associated with him. Unfor- tunately, not all understand just how thorough is his grasp of the field of Medicine. Peculiarly, for a medical student, is his ability to disseminate his knowledge, as well as absorb it. A slight sense of jealousy always per- vades the writer when he con- templates the truly professional demeanor of Bill, and the aston- ishingly adept manner in which he handles patients. But jeal- ousy is dissipated with the reali- zation of the gentlemanliness and intelligence with which he conducts himself. One hundred thirty William Rubin New Brunswick, N. I Rutgers B. S Columbia M. A New York City. C. C. N. Y., B. S. Delta Sigma Theta Fleur-o-scope 3, 4. Assistant Editor 3. Editor-in-Chief 4. With the advent of this rather quiet and spare young man into the time-honored profession of medicine, there was begun an accumulation of facts - both medical and mundane- which seemingly shall never cease. Charlie is unrelenting in his sin- cerity and determination. I-le accepts nothing without reason, denies nothing unless he has a reason, and carries with him always a reserve of cheery, unblushing franlcness. Charlie has been an active leader in fraternal, literary, and polemic affairs. Perspicacity and a dis- tinct flair for combining work and study has kept him occupied without sacrificing the important for the unessential. To say, merely, that he has been suc- cessful would be to fail miser- ably in describing his achieve- ments. A slave to no hard and fast rule, he has permitted no ulterior motives to swerve him Charles J. Scala from his path. Fordham Hospital One hundred thirty-one His friends have argued long and earnestly concerning a ru- mor that George was once seen carrying a text book. The reason he never did, however, was quite obvious. He prepared his assignments thoroughly, at home, and it was never neces- sary for him to finish his prob- lems on the subway. Too, he reasoned that the comprehen- sion of Medicine involved clini- cal experience, as well as book knowledge. Therefore, in our last two years, he constantly applied his thoughts to correlate clinical variations from classical text descriptions. And so his uncanny diagnoses of gallop rhythm and intestinal obstruc- tion were confirmed by the pro- fessors, though derided-at first -by his classmates. A happy- go-lucky fellow, an excellent clinician and the best sort to have along on a party-George will easily hurdle the obstacles to success. St. Mary's, Hoboken, N. I. One hundred thirty-two Union City, N. I. Columbia A. B. Fleur-o-scope 4. George P. Schwab Henry Sherwood Haverhill, Mass. New Hampshire B. S. N . .L ' A lt fi' I .. qw kk .V ..wy,IK' NY, , Massachusetts State Infirmary A real New England gentle- man, Henry came to New York from Massachusetts and de- spite his four years stay, he has managed to retain his New England charm. His Bostonian accent fits his sense of humor and his wit most becomingly. He is one of the best dressed men in the class. Henry deserted the ranks of the celibates in his Sophomore year, and his home was a general meeting place before exams, when we would gather for cramming purposes. Henry's wife knew Dr. Mac- Adarn's ditties better than we did. Always willing to be of help, Henry is a real friend. His atti- tude towards his patients is most sympathetic, and we think that he has the makings of o: fine family physician. Henry plans to settle in a small town in New England. Our best wishes go with him. One hundred thirty-three Metropolitan Hospital Shiner is one of the class poli- ticians, while not holding office himself, he was a power behind the throne. But he was an hon- est politician, if any exist, and so we can forgive him for it. Al- ways smiling, his equanimity never disturbed, he was one of the best-natured men in the class. During oral exams he would look so wise that the Prof wouldn't call on him, figuring that he knew the answer. F or Shiner ranked high scholastical- ly, as evidenced by his election to the honor society in his Senior year. . Irv was head of his fraternity last' year and acted as a shining example of how to go through school successfully. Congenial and gifted with a sense of hu- mor, Shiner will probably sail easily and breezily through life. We don't know what his plans arep but we wish him the best of luck. One hundered thirty-four Irving S. Shiner New York City. L. I. U., B. S. President Phi Lambda Kappa Contin Society. Dance Committeel 2 3 4 Brooklyn, N. Y. N. Y. U., B. S. Ralph G. Sorrentino I have brought golden opinions from all sorts of people. Ralph represents the embodi- ment of all the ideals toward which a medical student who is worthy of the name strives. His scheme of Life is based upon a few fundamental philosophical principles which will unques- tionably carry him along the right road. Primarily, he will execute the l-lippocratic Oath to the best of his ability-the wel- fare of the patient must be con- sidered above all else. l-Iis physi- cal stature is such that it will withstand all but the harshest treatment. We are prone to be- lieve, therefore, that he will un- wittingly sacrifice his health for the benefit of his patients. For a calling to the profession of medi- cine has no regard for the man- it is the most exacting of profes- sions. Ralph, however, is the type of man who will succeed despite this. St. Peter's Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y. One hundred thirty-five Always ready to joke, laugh and be gay And still in work he makes each minute pay. As shown by his regular at- tendance, Tony has carried out his axiom that the difference be- tween success and failure is work. F our years ago he started his trials and tribulations with us. He came to us a quiet and well-meaning student. We have come to look upon him as the exernplification of the happy medium between the two extremes-ill The men who take their medicine in one, two, three fashion from the books, C25 The men, who armed with a hunch and a prayer, try to figure out everything. Assurance, however, is forth- coming on one issue, namely, that nothing derogatory may be said of him. To say more than that he will succeed would be superfluous. St. Catherines Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y. One hundred thirty-six Brooklyn, N. Y L. I. U., B. S. Alpha Sigma. Anthony J. Stalonas Charles W. Stark l Baltimore, Md. Fordham B. S. Beta Rho Mercy Hospital, Baltimore Ah, Iago, the futility of it all. To have to reduce the elusive Dr. Stark to the dull black and White ldid someone say Black and White? l of the printed Word! The epitome of jaunti- ness and insouciance, Charlie possessed a nonchalance that was the envy of cigarette man- ufacturers, and a consummate disregard for pedagogical ap- pointments that proved to be a source of Wonderment to pro- fessors ancl students alike. Charlie's four years with us were more arduous than one would suppose - the Yankee Stadium and Maytime notwith- standing. A fulltime job on the outside proved an exigency which merited considerable of his time. To summarize a d e q u a t el y such a man as Stark in the lim- ited space afforded us is exceed- ingly difficult. Gaze, as you Will, at the above countenance and think Whatever you may- but your most earnest efforts will fall short of a true appraisal of the man. One hundred thirty-seven A fe Metropolitan Hospital Aggressive of nature, Sincere in purpose, practical in what- ever he undertakes characterize him as one of the most forceful individuals in the class. Always ready' to participate in fun, Matt is just as quick to supply some las witness his ear-twitching on some unsuspecting individual in the back-rows during lecturesl. The even tenor of his ways is never disturbed, his nonchal- ance in inviting heads of depart- ments to games of rummy while on their services being some- thing to marvel at. But combined with this eguanimity, is an active and .fertile mind which takes to study as a Wilson takes to Rus- sell-Traction. l-lis daily repartees with Pappalardi on ris medic- inal are memorable for the wealth of material they show at his command. I-lis well-deserved popularity will not cease with his departure but will continue among his patients as well as his professional brothers. One hundered thirty-eight Mario C. Taddeo New York City. Fordham B. S. Fleur-o-scope 4 Joseph F. Tedesco New York City. Columbia A. B. Kings County Hospital In loe We find the epitome of diligency together with an avid- ity for note-taking that is stu- pendous. His amazing facility for taking down every Word uttered in a lecture is nothing short of remarkable. Equally extraordinary is his prodigious memory Which, once unfurled, will drown you in a flood of facts long since forgotten. His card-playing proclivities are also noteworthy. With the rest of the Tally-Ho Triumvirate of Taddeo, Tedesco and Torn- ambe he was responsible for the now famous Pediatrics Roof Gar- den, across the tables of which many dollars were lost and ex- changed-on paper. With a vitality that belies his physical stature, with a sincer- ity that has endeared him to all, with a quietness making him the stabilizing force among the Ter- rible Trio, Ioe cannot help but succeed in his chosen Work. One hundred thirty-nine Paul R. Tornarnbe One hundred forty New York, N. Y. C. C. N. Y. Delta Sigma Theta. Dance Committee 3. gyx m 4 . NEA - Harlem Hospital The worm turns, and so did Tornambe. For three years this young man has labored under the illusion that handing out cigarettes to the class was nec- essary for social success. But he finally got wise, and now his friends must buy their own. How- ever, he usually is a fast thinker and an effective student where subjects medical are concerned. l-lis zeal for organizing facts has stood him in good stead, both lightening the burden of learn- ing, and facilitating its retention. What puzzles acquaintances, and endears friends, is his in- tense loyalty to both ideals and friends. I-le has created trouble thereby but he has always main- tained his principles. Unfortu- nately, such a tribute can not be given to all of our students-but Paul certainly has earned it. And his career as Physician will also bring rewards. Flower Hospital That debonair, dynamic per- sonality which floats through the air with the greatest of ease be- longs to none other than our Charlie. And with magic rapid- ity he doffs his ethereal garb and steps from his heavenly haven down to the more realistic abode of medicine. Here his ability to temper action with sub- tle diplomacy brings him the plaudits of all those who sur- round him. Thus, seen and un- seen, whether via the air lanes or by personal contact, Charlie embraces unto himself all whom he reaches. Charlie's daily ac- tivities run the gamut of human activities. Lord of his household domain, leader of his fellowmen, grand dragon among his fratern- al brethren, samaritan to the suffering, and soother of listen- ers' earsp these tersely stated words sum up our Charlie. A man so occupied is destined to succeed somehow, somewhere. Who are we to gage his des- tiny? Charles B. Tramont New York City. Canisius. Senator 1, 2. Dance Committee 1, 2, 3, 4. One hundred' forty-on San Francisco County Hospital California California, here I come, has been Lydia's theme song for four years. From the sunshine of San Francisco, she came to wintry New York in search of homeopathic medical training. She has worked hard at it and has enjoyed it. Ranking high scholastically, she has found time to be active in Y affairs and is the only Flower student to have attended all the Medical Students' Conferences. As an amateur photographer, she has a record of her four col- lege years in pictures and movies,-in fact, she could go into the blackmailing business with some of them. Lydia is going back to Cali- fornia at the end of the year. She likes children and children like her, so she may be a pediatri- cian. Remember, Lydia, we ex- pect you back for the Tenth Reunion of the class. One hundred forty-two Lydia L. Verbarg San Francisco, California A California. Contin Society. Class Secretary 2. Fleur-o-scope 4. f L. I. U. Alpha Sigma. Philip A. Zoller In his quiet and diligent way He accomplishes his tasks day by day. The keynote of Phil is serious- ness. I-Ie betakes to himself an assignmnt as if life itself were dependent upon its completion. I-Ie hangs on, as if possessed, to every word uttered during a lec- ture. Because of his voluminous note taking, he is often left stranded far behind the lecturer in context. Phil is not lazy. l-le is a real plugger. But his great- est fight with himself, in order to accomplish his work, is to keep from sleeping. I-lis attendance and lack of tardiness have loeen one hun- dred percent. l-le is every inch the gentleman, and somewhat of a Beau Brummel in his own right. I-lis thoroughness and stick-to-it-iveness will help him go a long way, and we know he will. Flower Hospital One hundred forty-three ' ' JUNIORS - - IMAGINARY OPINIONS Salford -- This class would probably go to sleep during my lecture even it were from 4 to 5. House-Do they go to sleep on you too, Dr. Satford? Stanford- It's pretty b ad when the boys won't give blood unless they get paid for it. Mosser-I can get all my psychiatry work by observing this class. Tritsch-This class scares easy. One hundred forty-four OLASS orrrcrris PI'GSidG1'1't Lymqn Spire Vice-President Vincent I. De Nicola Senators Ioseph M. Teta Bernard D. Abramowitz Treasurer Louis A. D'Alecy Secretary Alma R. Allen CLASS or 1938, AFTER opening the School Year with the National Board Examinations, the first thing we did was to recess for a week-end to recuperate and to recover a few hours of lost sleep. Then began the grind of absorbing material in the thirty-odd courses listed for us. We were all prepared with paper and pneumatic cushions for the first semester's work. You see we had been amply forewarned of the unyielding nature of Alma Mater's seats. lnterspersed among the brilliant lectures of our staff chiefs were Y affairs, fraternity pledging, the private bridge tourneys, and, of course, Dr. Bingham's famous card-drawing feats. Of special interest to the Iunior Class, were the timely announcements, Dr. --- will be unable to meet the class, todayl In the meantime we were manfully attempting to keep abreast of our assignments. Wholesale amounts of Osler, Christopher, Nicholson, De Lee, etc. ad infinitum, were absorbed and the results could easily be seen the next day when many a nodding head or falling writ- ing board gave proof of the burning of midnight oil the night before. From time to time the lectures were enlightened with lantern slides and even better, with motion pictures. But then came the dawn of a bright day-the Christmas recess. With just the slightest tinge of envy we listened to our Senior brothers talking about their proposed Internship Exams, but we'll be there next year. Iust a short month after the New Year began, we were introduced to our clinical work. Every morning we went to the Metropolitan or Fifth Avenue Hospitals, donned our white jackets, took careful histories, and did thorough phys- icals, and then made brilliant diagnoses tusually wrongl. ln February came the highlight of the year-Class Night-this year at the Ritz Towers. The Iunior Class was honored by the presence of many notable faculty members. The affair, in charge of co-chairmen Lou Fazio and Russ Roberts, was an eminent success. In the interim we took our various final examinations each Saturday and finally moved down to Examination Week and took the remaining exams we had left, all the time looking fondly and hopefully toward the Senior Year and the realization of a long sought for dream. ALAN B. BAGNER. JUNIOR HISTORY IMAGINARY OPINIONS Bingham-I only hope they know as much about Orthoped- ics as they do about cards. Wilson-Gentlemen in this class! They started no riots at the ferry house. tSeniors-they never showed upl. Upham-Peculiar situation- here l've been talking about nothing all year, and nobody l has complained. Cocheu-This class is a lot smarter than l was told. Previous Profs-Thank God we got rid of them. One hundred forty-five JUNIORS AARON, HAROLD B. S. Oglethorpe University Still waters run deep the poet said, Must have had Harry Aaron in his head. ABRAMOWITZ, BERNARD D. A. B. University of Alabama Hair today- I Gone tomorrow. ALLENQMISS ALMA R. Columbia University Always serene and calm To her we extend the palm. ANGIOLETTI, LOUIS V. B. S. Manhattan College Pop Angioletti took a chance, Now he's our pediatrician par excellence. BAGNER, ALAN B. B. S. New York University Eureka --he must correlate time and space, Else how all this studying while holding an Ace. BARTOLI, FREDERICK M. New York University Those comic strips provoke from him Hts well known, ever-present grin. BAXT, SYDNEY I. A. B. New York University How can his note taking be so prolific Through lectures so often soporlflc? CARPENTIERI, ANTHONY A. B. Yale University The future's starry For Carpentteriariari . . . ari. CIAGLIA, PASOUALE B. S. Hamilton College Although he's late forevery class We have no doubt but that he'1l pass COHEN, MORRIS A. B. S. College of City of New York A man of real scholastic ability At present in quest of tranquility. COHN, MALCOLM L. B. S. Columbia University Mal can always be depended upon to hunt For a weird and tricky surgical stunt. D'ALECY, LOUIS A. B. S. St. Iohn's University He and Mason are a conscientious pair With recitation rehearsals they fill the noon air. DE LUCA, LOUIS B. S. Long Island University I mean to say -this gent's O. K. Gets everything done in his own unique way. DE NICOLA, VINCENT I. A. B. Columbia University A darn nice chap, whose efforts to be unassuming Very often appear rather amusing. DUMANIS, MISS FLORENCE A. B. Brooklyn College Dewey -Admiral of our hearts: No frills and ruffles-just brain and brawn. One hundred forty-six CLASS OF 1938 EINHORN, WILLIAM L. B. S. New York University He bears the name Einhorn Translated it means: to blow your own horn. FAZIO, LOUIS I. B. S. Fordham University Working on the Class Dance and over at the Y Keeps Lou Fazio a pretty busy guy. FINE, SEYMOUR H. A. B. Syracuse University Baltimore's gain is Yonkers' loss. FLAOUE, ALBERTO V. A. B. New York University A thing that's puzzled us like the devil Alberto, are you Loyalist or are you Rebel? GARFIELD, FREDERICK M. B. S. New York University Being vulnerable gives this lad no headache Deal him a bust and a Seidlitz he'll take. GENDEL, EDWARD B. S. College of City of New York With improved conditions and control of birth We'll have more like Eddie-a lad of mirth. GIARDINA, VINCENT I. I B. S. Seton Hall College I-le sends us into fits of pyrotechnics When he comes out with his crazy memotechnics. GODWIN, ANDREW C. B. S., D. D. S. University of Illinois We bet the patients won't be able to resist The pull of this young medic-dentist. GOERGEN, WILLIAM P. A. B. Dartmouth College To surpass Paderewski is one of his foremost ambitions -Practice home, Bill, under more favorable conditions. GOLOB, MEYER B. S. College of City of New York If this fellow would take time out to eat and drink, The rest of us could find our way out from under the sink. GREEN, DANIEL A. B. Fordham University Bearing up rather well under the strain of being Iust another student. GREEN, SIDNEY B. S. College of City of New York We foresee that in the future mothers will wean Doctors-to-be on Hippocrates, Pare, and Green. GURIAN, SYDNEY H. A. B. Yale Univei sity His vibrant voice from walrus base to lyric tenor ranges As his interest from Aesculapius to Psyche changes. HAMLEY, IOHN I. Alfred University And now we have with us Our own Pater Po1iticus HOENIG, ROBERT B. A. B. Cornell Universitv He may find it hard to reconcile Beside manner with so bright a smile. One hundred forty -SGVSII JUNIORS KIERNAN, RAYMOND F. A quiet cmd likeable guy But with mischief in his eye. LIDDELL, RAYMOND N. When lectures get to be quite boresome l-Ie finds relief in a contract foursome. LONG, IOHN F. sh-h-11. MAFFEO, CARL E. Size has little to do with ability But contributes much to agility. MARCHESE, VINCENT At forty dollars a pint, Iimmy would probably let them bleed him to death . . . MARCUS, DAVID Unassuming, always calm and collected For a successful career he is selected. MARKHEIM, HERBERT R. I-Ierb's worries come from three sources Married life, the government, and courses. MASON, STUART A. Someone has started the incredible rumor V That he's studying to acquire a sense of humor. McKAY, ROBERT D. The seven points he gets in advance, . Don't give the rest of us a ghost of a chance. MELLOW, IOSEPH A. A sunny disposition and a cheerful smile I-le's sure to go many a mile. MESSINA, IOSEPH C. Always in a sweat about something Much Ado about Nothing. MICELI, PETER A. Now he's passed the Test of Tolerance Is there one he can't by chance? MONTESANO, PASQUALE Quite a character-if only his countless attitudes were O'CON N ELL, DANIEL I. I'1l come to the point, what's the rush, Can't I spend time beating around the bush? PLASS, IOI-IN B. Each Wednesday he wants to borrow a mike But after pal's alibis-decides to hike. One hundred forty-eight B. S. Fordham University B. S. Trinity College B. S. St. Thomas College College of City oi New York A. B. New York University B. S. University oi Arkansas A. B. Columbia University Columbia University B. S. Fordham University A. B. New York University A. B. Cornell University B. S. Hamilton College not feigned. A. B. Fordham University Tusculum College CLASS CF 1938 PUTNOI, MARTIN B. S. New York University The man without a country-Putnuah or Putoni? RAGOSTA, RALPH A. B. Brooklyn College So surprised when called to recite His face, with a blush, will always light ROBERTS, RUSSELL R. Michigan State College He refuses to reveal Iust what is a wheal. ROSEN, BERNARD B. S. New York University His main source of woe and chief vexation is that he's missing, A lot-his girl can't see the simile as a cure for kissing. RUBIN, MYRON A. B. New York University Dresses collegiate, built like a fighter- Of feminine hearts a powerful igniter. SCONZO, LAWRENCE I. A. B. University of Alabama This boy Larry is great shakes I-le's all set to bury his mistakes. SCROFANO, CHARLES A. B. New York University He may be little, but Oh My! With his voice he is not so shy. Sl-IENKER, BENIAMIN M. B. S. Trinity College His major chords are very good, his minor chords exciting He's good in all his courses too: his queries to profs, disquieting. SPIRE, LYMAN I. A. B. 'Syracuse University Relax and be calm Prexy's back to lead us on. TETA, IOSEPH M. B. S. Alfred University Ioe is true and loyal bred To his two loves-Dawn and Alfred. VENTO, SEBASTIAN A. B. Allegheny College From under his pate almost bald Came answers that had the Profs all stalled. WHITE, EDWARD L. B. S., M. S., New York University We've got our own White - House difficulties right here at Flower. WILKINSON, IOSEPH B. B. S. Fordham University We all go into gales of laughter When Ioe starts to mimic a lecturer. ZODIKOFF, MEYER Alfred University No matter how many of us he surpasses I-le succeeds in being tail end of all classes. One hundred forty-nine 'SOPHOMORES' 1 L IMAGINARY OPINIONS Cope-Wondering how many of the boys he is going to flunk. Florence-Perfect gentlemen! Probably too tired to raise a rurnpus. Scharf-Beginning to realize that Sophs arer1't horses. Youland-These boys are so bad that they go to sleep before I start lecturing. Saccone-A brave class- only three students were nau- seated by our autopsy cock- roaches-Still, 66 were nauseat- ed by that assistant of mine, Rosenthal. One hundred fifty CLASS OFFICERS President Vincent A. Spinelli Vice-President Bernard Rothbarcl Senators Ioseph Catania Whitelaw Birss Treasurer Irving S. Behr Secretary Herman Scheps CLASS CF 1939 TEMPUS FUGIT--and so, back from a well-spent vacation we come to resume our studies in that most mystical profession called Medicine. Undaunted by overexaggerated rum- ors of discouragement and hardships concerning the sophomore year, sixty-seven proud and probably sophisticated sophomores exposed their mental capacities to the second lap of the race which will eventually lead us to the distinction of the nomenclature, medical doctor. There seemed to be no end to the stream of exams which continuously confronted us, and which, in short time, verified the realization that the instructors meant business. Naturally, this procedure was met with dissatisfaction and complaints from the student body. However, it must be mentioned that the faculty showed remarkable consideration in the wholesale postponement of conflicting exams. Still the grievances persisted: but then again, others have successfully crawled through these encumbered channels of strenuous study and hardships of the sophomore years, so why can't we? Our Christmas vacation was preceded by the much anticipated class affair which was held at a downtown New York hotel. To the syncopated jazz emanating from the music- goes-round instruments of the Melody Cruisers, silver slippers and patent leather shoes glided across the dance floor. Other members indulged in friendly chatter with our notable representatives of the faculty headed by Dr. Burrett and the amiable Mrs. Burrett. Wine, women, and song, combined with an insatiable whirl of hilarity, comprised the remainder of the evening. However, it should not be forgotten that on the eve of February ll, a group of eighteen sophomores crashed the Metropolitan Hospital formal dance, attired in everything but formal clothes, and exhibiting all the characteristics of a mob. Undoubtedly the mem- bers of that group of funmakers will retain the occasion as a landmark in memory of the soph year. A few hours previous to this occasion, we had the excellent opportunity to listen to the story of the scratch by Dr. Cope at a Y. M. C. A. dinner. Incidentally, remember to place four stars after Dr. Florence's name as an after dinner speaker-she is topsl And now we await with intense dread those inevitable National Board Exams-a soph student's nightmare. Slowly, but surely, we are approaching the end of the second lap. Most will finish the lap: a few, unfortunately, will not. Only time will tell. VINCENT SPINELLI, '39 soPHoMoRE HISTORY IMAGINARY OPINIONS Schmahl - Curious, but the Sophs act as tho they know how to use a stethoscope. Boyd-The end of the year is near, and he thinks that Pharm- ocology is still virgin soil to the Sophs. McGavack-I guess the boys just can't understand Boyd's Simile in Medicine. fSophs- who can?7. M a r c u s - My Conscience doesn't bother me, I am just ser- ious by nature. One hundred fifty-one SOPHOMORES ARONSON, MISS ESTHER R. B. S Cornell University 'Tis nice to be natural when you're naturally nice. BARONE, MICHAEL B. S. N. Y. U. To Dr. I-lalfman, Barone we bequeath That other students may remain asleep. BEHR, IRVING S. B. A. Cornell University With his lip in a sling He lost most of his sting. BIRSS, WHITELAW I B. A. Stanford University Of him there is not much to say- We're sure to get him some other way. BOOG, MISS IANET M. ' University oi Cincinnati ls she really so quiet and demure? Maybe, but don't be too sure. BOTTI, ANDREW C. Notre Dame University Dr. Scharf pronounces his name bow-tie. CACECI, THOMAS B. S. N. Y. U. Faith, Hope and Charity Mostly hope! CALEF, MISS GRACE B. A. Hunter College Dr. Scharf said the biggest people make the least noise. I wonder what he meant when he looked at Grace? CARDONA, JOHN C. B. A. Harvard The boy with the Harvard accent Flower nurses he does not resent. CARLISI, DOMINICK I. B. S. N. Y. U. He enjoys his cigar-phew of us don't. ' CASAMAS, LAWRENCE N. Y. U. Only his best friends know him as Oranzo Casamassima. CATANIA, IOSEPH B. S. N. Y. U. Never elated when man's oppressed Never deiected while another's blessed. CAYAVES, PAUL G. B. S. C. C. N. Y. He'll find success for none will e'er denounce him This world contains so few who can pronounce him. CLARKE, FRED T. B. S. Lafayette College T'is a pity that Flower has not a track team. CODE, IOHN N. B. S. Fordham University Who gives the classical facial nitrttoid reaction when answering a question. COHEN, SIDNEY B. S. Brooklyn College Well-timed silence hath more eloquence than speech. COPPOLA, SANTO T. B. S. Manhattan Colleqe Don't talk to Santo before an exam. One hundred fifty-two CLASS OF 1939 D'AMATO, GAETANO R. They invited Rudy to roll so he became the class banker. DANN, FRED l. Dapper Dann always in fad A clothing business belongs to his dad. DEUEL, ELLSWORTH S. B. S. St. Ahl Gallagher, Shean, you're put to shame For Santoro and I can do the same. FIELDING, ROBERT T. Of him we cannot think of a pass For he's a newcomer to our class. B. S. N. Y. U. Indiana University Lawrence University Brothers College GAGLIARDI, FRANCIS A. B. S. Columbia University I The second g is silent, but Frank isn't. GALSTER, PAUL I-Ie's one chap the famed Vigilantes didn't have their eyes on. GENNARELLI, ARNOLD L. Ohio University B. A. N. Y. U. If a friend be in adversity, Arnold will champion him with good words and deeds. GOTTESMAN, MORDECAI I. B. A. Columbia University No more kidding around, from now on I'm going to workf- Wake me up in a half an hour. GRECO, IOHN I. B. S. Fordham University A regular fellow who takes his work seriously. GREENE, ABNER H. B. A. University of California Although of good scientific worth , His answers create uproarious mirth. GREIF, IACOB L. B. S. Rutgers University Anyhow he looks quiet, so does dynamite. GRUBIN, CHARLES I. You talk of Caesar, Napoleon, too They played at wor-you play at everything you do. GUALTIERI, ROSARIO M. Squeaking laugh, shrieking voice Sounds like Simpson's Rolls Royce. B. A. N. Y. U. B. A. N. Y. U. HARTNETT, THOMAS B. A. St. Iohn's University Young in limbs, old in judgment. HELLEN, SIDNEY L. B. A., M. A. N. Y. U. An artist, true, in this a world so hurrying, Exponent of the artistry of worrying. I-IICKS, ANDREW R. For a preacher's son he has a lot of fun. HOFFMAN, ABRAHAM C. B. A. University of Tennessee We mean Hoffman, not Halfman The former is asleep in the latter's bull-pen. One hundred fifty-three SOPI-IOMORES HULTENSCHMIDT, PHILIP C. Western Reserve University Again this year he enjoyed his stay in the hospital- It can't be the food. ISAACSON, EDWIN B. A. Columbia University Oh, woman! is thy heart as black as coal- To make of such a man, a timid soul? IELLINEK, HAROLD L. I-le clabbles in music that's symphonic And talks of loves that are platonic. KAYE, SAUL While men and maids are gay in cozy nooks l-le'd spend his time a-courtln' a book. B. S. N. Y. U. B. S. N. Y. U. LA SALA, ANTHONY M. B. S. University of Vermont Sum total of two years' attainment-a pseudo-mustache l?l LEVINE, MISS SYLVIA Cousin Leonard What do these scientists mean? LEWIS, ALFRED No matter how high his marks go- He is always moaning low. LOOSER, GEORGE K. Oh, sleepl It is a gentle thing, beloved from pole to pole. LYNCH, WILLIAM A. Must I hold a candle to light my shames. MAIZLIN, GREGORY ' For he's a jolly good pilot, but not in the air. For you see he piles it here and he piles it there. B. A. Barnard College B. A. Harvard Georgetown University B. A. Notre Dame B. S. C. C. N. Y. MARTIN, ROBERT V. B. A. Cornell University As innocent as a new laid egg. l-lamlet. MASOR, NATHAN B. S. Brooklyn College Lots of talk, all importance Little man you've had a busy day. MASTELLONE, GEORGE I. B. A. N. Y. U. He is one of those useful men in society who will keep up the ball of mirth and humor. , MCFARLIN, RAYMOND T. B. S. Fordham College Suddenly a thought came like a full-blown rose flushing his brow. MONDELLI, MARIO A. B. S. Fordham University You'd never know he was around the place Until he says Gibofi -A grin lights his face. NORRINGTON, ERIC G. A town that boasts inhabitants like me Can have no lack of good society. One hundred fifty-four University of Virginia CLASS OF 1939 PIOUS, LAWRENCE K. I B. A. Wesleyan University Will Rogers couldn't be everywhere so Larry came to medical school. POWELL, ALGERD B, A. University of Wisconsin Iust like a weed-he gets along anywhere. REILLY, JOHN I. B. S. Providence College Its much more fun when falling asleep. To think of women instead of sheep. RICCARDI, LOUIS S. B. A. University of North Carolina tScene: a tombstonel- Honey, do you believe in the here-after? RIEMER, BRUNO Columbia University Time ripens all things-no man is born wise. ROMANO, FRANK R. Alfred University Truth will come to light- Character cannot be hid long--he likes this. ROSEN, CHARLES E. B. S. Fordham University What is this thing called love? ROTHBARD, BERNARD B. S. L. I. U. He says he learns about life from the Iournals. RUVOLO, CHARLES N. Y. U. His greatest difficulty is to pronounce names. The nearest he came to Ascites was ashites, or was it ask-eetes ? SANTORO, GEORGE R. B. A. University of Alabama With all his frills and foibles he's the dudist- One wonders at results if he'd go nudist. ' SCHEPS, HERMAN AB. S. C. C. N. Y. Big in brawn from Featherbed Lane How a guy so big can be so insanel SIMPSON, HERBERT S. B. A. Lehigh University We dtdn't appreciate the value of the subway until Herbie bought a car. SPINELLI, VINCENT A. B. S. C. C. N. Y. An artist, true, in this, a world so sunken Exponent of the artistry of truckin. STAHL, RICHARD H. B. A. University of Akron Pharmacology ties down his hands in more ways than one. SWIRSKY, MORGAN Y. B. A. Yale University He makes a mistake now and then But who knows where or when-. VILLAMENA, DIODATO B. S. N. Y. U. A serious medico whom none take seriously. WADRO, HAROLD B. A. N. Y. U. A bit of nonsense, now and then, is relished by the best of men. One hundred fifty-five ' 'FRESHMEN ' df CLASS QFFICERS President Richard Gaillard Senators Francis I. Wixted Iohn P. Schlecter, Ir. Treasurer Warren Pi. Brady Secretary Miss R. T. Pellegrino CLASS or 19510 HOW haDDY, eager, and confident we were when we learned that the road to the study of medicine lay before us. We presented ourselves at school, with our heads held high, our eyes crystal clear, and shoulders squarely set upon a sturdy frame. Then came the deluge. Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology quizzes were thrust upon us in tetanic suc- cession. 'Not many days passed before we realized that our liberal arts' college days were really behind us. But things weren't really ominous until Chemistry, Physiology and Neuro- anatomy were added to our curriculum. Twenty-four hours indeed proved to be a short day. As days grew shorter and nights became longer, rote memory served us little. We were compelled to reinforce our armamentarium with our gray matter. It seemed as though our cerebrum was crammed to the meninges, and that an added thought would cause a bursting skull fracture. But by the grace of God and a stamina which we never dreamed we possessed, we completed the third trimester. The satisfaction which we experienced on the successful completion of a difficult task was compensation enough. There were several lulls in the storm. Our dinner-dance brought together faculty and student body for a most enjoyable evening of revelry at the Colonades of the Essex House. Our imagination was taxed when we attempted to compare those smiling, finely groomed young men with their appearance in the Anatomy lab-inundated as they are with the grease and odor of the cadaver. How relaxed and gay they appeared as they swayed in rhythm to the refrains of the orchestra. The end of the evening found them and their lovely guests exhausted but happy. Our last trimester was relatively easy sledding. At last we could do justice to Phys- iology, Chemistry and Neuroanatomy, and to the instructors who labored so assiduously to impress us with the importance of the subjects they taught. We were surprised to find that we actually enjoyed spending an evening with a text book that permitted us to utilize our newly developed ability to analyze the subject matter. There still remained, however, a few questions to bedevil our thoughts. What were our grades for the first two trimesters? And will our parents still be proud of their prodigal sons after they examine our grades? In the end a final bell sounded, and the curtain slowly descended, blotting out our first year of Medicine. We packed our belongings with regret-perhaps at the thought of leaving our newly acquired friends, or at the idea that we might not have learned as much as we should have. We arrived at home, a little tired, shoulders slightly sloping, 'heads drooping, and eyes not seeing--but minds and thought aglow at what we had learned, and at what we were to learn. One hundred fifty-seven FRESHMEN AMEDURI, ARDoW AXELROD, EDWARD BARDEN, STUART P. BARECCA, VINCENT I. BARNETT, ROBERT W. BERLIN, WALTER ' BIVONA, CHARLES I. BLY, PAUL BONITO, EEDELE L. BORNEMANN, CARL BRADY, WARREN R. CANNISTRACI, IOHN CAPO BIANCC, ARTHUR CCMMINS, SOL DE MURIO, MICHAEL P. DE SIMCNE, NICHOLAS DEYoE, GEORGE W. DE GIACOMO, MICHAEL ENNIS, HENRY EANCER, HERBERT EANTAUZZI, ANTHONY FINKELSTEIN, HOWARD rox, LESTER CAILLARD, RICHARD CCLDBERC., SAUL GOLDSTEIN, JEROME GRANT, FRANCIS I. HALL, STANLEY D., Ir. HAMILTON, IOHN A. HARRIS, HUNTER P., IR. HEMINGTON, RALPH W. HOFFMAN, HOWARD A. KEDERSHA, ANDREW E. KENNEDY, EUGENE I. KHOURY, ERNEST N. KIMBALL, CYRIL V. One hundred fifty-eight A. B. Syracuse A. B. New York University A. B. Dartmouth University B. S. Fordham University A. B. University of Pennsylvania B. S. University of Pennsylvania B. S. Fordham University A. B. Duke University B. S. Fordham University A. B. Wesleyan University B. S. Manhattan A. B. Columbia University B. S. Fordham University A. B. University of Rochester Ph. C. Union University B. S. Lafayette University B. S. Columbia University B. S. New York University B. S. St. Peter's College A. B. Harvard University A. B. Union College B. S. New York University A. B. Alabama University B. S. Manhattan A. B. Iohns Hopkins University A. B. New York University B. S. Catholic University B. S. St. Lawrence University B. S. St. Iohns University A. B. Texas University A. B. West Virginia University A. B. Harvard University B. S. St. Lawrence University B. S. Manhattan B. S. New York University B. S. Rutgers University CLASS OF 19110 LEIS, HENRY P. LITRENTO, FRANCIS I. LODICO, VINCENT MARSH, CHARLES W. MASIELLO, SERAFINO MCOUADE, IOHN I. MERWIN, THOMAS K. MOORE, SAMUEL B., IR. MOSIG, HENRY MURPHY, MRS. E. C. NARDI, PETER IOHN PELLEGRINO, MISS R. T. PINTAURO, F. L. L. POTTER, LEMAN W. RUBEN, MORTIMER RYACK, LEON SCARANO, SIMONE I. SCHAFFER, FRANK I. SCHLECTER, IOHN F., IR. SHERMAN, ROVER D. SHIPMAN, ROBERT T. B. S. Fordham UniversitY B. S. Fordham University B. S. Columbia University A. B. Adelbert College B. S. Fordham University B. S. Notre Dame A. B. Wesleyan A. B. Georgetown University A. B. Columbia University Hunter College B. S. Manhattan B. S. Marymount College B. S. Manhattan B. S. Alfred B. S. Maryland University A. B. Harvard University B. S. Columbia University B. S. Villanova B. S. St. Iohns A. B. Union University B. S. Lafayette SLATER, DANIEL A. B., M. S. New York University SOMBERG, HAROLD SORRENTINO, IOSEPH STRAX, MISS ANNA TAGLIAGAMBE, MARIO TEDESCO, LOUIS I. THOMS, CHARLES H. TICHENOR, CLIFFORD I. TYBURCZY, IOSEPH A. VESPIC-N ANI, PASOUALE A. B. New York University B. S. Brooklyn College A. B. Hunter College B. S. Columbia University B. S. New York University B. S. Wagner A. B. Wesleyan B. S. Long Island University B. S. Fordham University WECHSELBLATT, ISIDOR B. S. City College of New York WELLS, PAUL L. Adrian College WHALEN, THOMAS F., IR. B. S. Fordham University WIXTED, FRANCIS I . B. S. Villanova One hundred titty nine sci-roots or NURSING One hundred sixty PROBABLY it was the aura of glamour and romance that surrounds the pro- fessions of nursing, that induced many of us to enter this field of medical endeavor. Emotionally, we were beguiled by the thought of aiding the dis- tressed, of becoming integral parts of the noble field of Medicine, of being a professional woman-a Registered Nurse. Curiously, three years of terrible drudgery-mixed with actual nursing of patients, always with strict super- vision and almost army discipline, has left our early illusions unimpaired. Rather, the very things which at first seemed so undignifying became the bulwark of effective nursing care, and thereby embellished the idea that as nurses we were carrying on a noble profession. Surrounded by suffering and disease, we are supposedly cyncial and hard boiled, but personal observation of the pain and despair of the sick has somehow left us with the thought that there is nothing so terrible as death, nothing so grand as being able to help forestall the Grim Reaper. Patients may be considered impersonally, but each patient is a personal problem, and we are never allowed to forget that our greatest task is to give comfort, both spiritually and physically. Medical students find ready sympathy from nurses, since we are sub- jected to the same lectures by the same doctors. Of couse, some allowance is made for the fact that our studying time is limited by nursing care, and we are not so vigorously held accountable for small details, and unimportant generalities. However, we do feel that our theoretical work is beautifully har- monized with our practical work, and we sympathize, somewhat, with the medical students who cannot combine the two, but first has one and then the other. WOMEN IN WHITE CLASS CF 19 37 We have gained, through the merger of the Flower and the Fifth Avenue Hospitals, a wide variety of activities and traditions. Seniority is a tradition which ranks first. Seniority is important: it imparts dignity to the Senior class, and creates respect from the lower classes. Seniority means the front table in the dining hall, it means seniors get on and off elevators first: it means three, instead of one or two late leaves per week. Besides seniority and all its rites, there are many other traditions which are part of our esprit de corps, such as, the welcome extended to the probies on the first night, the Carols the night before Christmas, and the annual Florence Nightingale services. As strangers and students in a large city we are forced to provide some means of relaxation. Dances, parties and teas formed the nucleus of our social life. We have had formal and informal dances, but the latter are the more popular. Paradoxically, for a female, is the lack of interest we demon- strate in getting dolled up. But the vigors of the days activities lead us to prefer the ease and comfort of informality. Lesser activities such as swimming at Hecksher Foundation, tennis on the courts behind the hospital, and pic- nics in Long Island help to make group living more enjoyable. Personal hobbies among the girls, such as knitting, painting, designing, and reading are in great evidence. The students have a self-governing organization which is supplemented by a faculty advisory council. A Student Council, consisting of eight selected members, attempts to solve the perplexing problems so numerously created by the girls. Their decision is then presented to the students for approval. However, the importance of the Council lies in its constant effort to help the girls to acclimate themselves to the regime of the nurse's curriculum. We are about to clothe ourselves in the whiteness of the graduate nurse, with the reminescent thoughts of the bedraggled lot who first entered still in our minds. We hope that these memories, these traditions, and these activ- ities that we leave with you-our Iuniors, Intermediates, and Probationers- FRANCES PHILLIPS. will be carried on, and embellished. President Frances Phillips Vice-President Emma l-lenn Treasurer Edna Maynard Secretary Evelyn Sandbeig Class Representatives Grace Biddle Lucia Hamilton Elizabeth Keifer CLASS OFFICERS One hundred sixty-one f 49 Ak! X xxx rfb 'BYNJBX R ,, 1 XIX f vt 4 X NX filthy N IU!! U 1 lf! MGQW -iw v - A 'l' ' W 'WX ' jp ' ' lvl- fQy . ' W il X - f wi 'ig 'W ' If I' X 'V A 7' h X Ek l X gl Nw' X. ff lfld 'JW' f . ' ,X 1 -w J X -NARA , , I a l Q -,t '?',u'ue'ili its 'Y 'W ' y X 1 Qlllf wWQNwm, , 'V'-, vo t ln , ,' X xl J ,- ' XV X . l ,I t X is X f' NX I 4 If ' , N 1 3'-ll s1. XZFAM Q ll 'A W , r .iN f li . ,f ' 'f T'Nb'2P mi. X , 1- ,L--11 X' w x ..,,' IA 1 N 1 If Y -F 1f5suQ..,f'f, wir, Nsswe ls iqfiiiflz' ' ' 'N Colonial csepsis-hot oil! Medicine is a pro- qressive, rapidly mov- ing Science. How- ever, the practices of this modern era are the results of the cen- turies of qropinq and iqnorance so vividly demonstrated in these drawings. With a cer- tain amount of dis- may, then, we realize that the apparent fin- i Q One hundred sixty-two Frederick, the II-first scientific congress. ality of the thoughts and theories of today will provide only foundation f o r the progress of the future. The drawings illus- trate the customs of a by-gone era the liter- ary contributions of the following pages reflect the theories and trends of present day Medicine. kgs X. xl N x x W Qt . l. K F 1' ' -7-1' WN Y J E I5 Xe it ' NNW x- N 7'-X !xNs !s6 t if i It I, lu' iw X ' y xx ' lf 'C E' S feet 5 :5IA i, .yi-gtg. nl gr 471- --x Aww Qt' i ,Qt 'N ' N. .QQ X Vp S- iv , Swv .2-.a'vfix, ' 1' ,st xxx 5,7 .V y A 'l i si t N l Wt' 'Wt lA'i' lI'f 'l l Z itll- 5-i t its . 2 , N 'ltttl 7 l t fl 'l l I t , -s al f tttt tt. .P df l t 1 f QQQN , - ,t-zxtig' Nt, If-:, 4. 1 4 pttt 5 Xxf f if U M 31 Vzpw tlflfz' ' l N X ,fsst f l rp tt N fs.-ftp I-WfQvs I ff f ltlfflf fl i f fl l if' f xi Mt t mst f . X t tt uf lt L tie X ' f A li ft: if X .T-. lhljlnvifjl-igfttfg., ,i l J! 'I lt ' iff r f f My f ' ft vx igff , QWQER it '- l' l.lX1 ' x 7 ' - tl' tt -e f-3 tt A Q r tt it X - A 1 l 1 tt 1. S ' -l X l tw ,LC-V 4 .. Branding iron-'panacea for all ills! Egyptian medicine-tncantations! One hundred sixty three SOME HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF SYPHILIS THE most important aspect of syphilis is its eradication. Though it has been known and written about for centuries, it is only now, in the past few years that rational steps have been taken in an attempt to decrease its incidence. And even now, there is much opposition to be overcome, much prudishness to educate, before we can reach the point where syphilis can be added to the list of rare diseases. ln the United States, in which syphilis has been reportable since l920, there have been 35,000 more cases of syphilis reported than of Scarlet Fever, 79,000 more than Tuberculosis, 500,000 more than Diphtheria, three times as much syphilis as Smallpox and five times as much syphilis as Typhoid Fever. In the Scandinavian Countries, where anti-syphilis regulation is most ad- vanced, there are only 1,600 new cases a year. The United States have 500,000 new cases a year and 7,000,000 new and old cases currently in progress. It was only three years ago that a newspaper in one of our larger cities shocked the public by printing the Word syphilis in one of its columns. Last year a large radio corporation refused to permit the Department of Health to lecture on venereal disease over its network. The campaign unremittingly driven by Doctor Thomas Parran, Ir., Surgeon-General of the United States Public Health Service is attempting to make the word syphilis represent a serious and urgent problem rather than a shameful punishment for sin. We have Christmas seals advertising the treatment of Tuberculosis and subway posters urging early treatment of Cancer. Should we, as scientists, whose work lies in the healing of the sick give less prominence to a disease which is more widely prevalent than either of these, and which is the cause of un- told death and misery every year, simply because it is contracted through sexual relations? In any effort to eradicate a disease it is not only necessary to educate the public. We who are to do this work must know all of its aspects. We cannot here attempt to cover the medical or public health phases of sYphilis. No aspect of medical history presents such interest, no problem is ramified with as much claim and counterclaim, accusation and counteraccusation as the disease syphilis. ORIGIN OF SYPHILIS Even today with many books and articles, displaying over-whelming erudition, the origin of syphilis is still a moot question. In general, partisan- ship on the question of the origin divides itself into two belligerent camps. One group upholds the European beginnings of the disease while the other gives America the dubious distinction of first mothering it. The Eurasion School labors under the difficulty that there was no accurate description of the disease manifestations before the first epidemic occurred at Naples in 1496. Isolated reference to genital sores, ulcerations, eruptions, etc., which can be attributed to syphilis can also be ascribed to various other diseases, One hundred sixty-four BY SIDNEY LIPENI-IOLTZ LOUISE FISCHER venereal or non-venereal-such as Chancroid, Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Car- cinoma. Our first considerations will involve an examination of the claims of the Eurasion School. Butler claims that Salicento in 1269 learned that syphilis followed Coitus cum meretrice. However, he does not state upon what basis the disease was diagnosed as syphilis. In the first century Celsus described hard and soft genital sores. Antyllus during the first and second centuries described and perfected a technique for the cure of aneurysm. This became the accepted surgical treatment for fifteen centuries. The claim is made that since aneurysm is nearly always a luetic process, syphilis was therefore common among Romans. Albrecht Durer's wood-cut, The First Syphilitic, bears the date 1484. The life of Caligula, Emperor of Rome as described by Suetonius, and Ralph Graves in his recent biography, Claudius the God and His Wife Messa1ina, seems to indicate that this monster was a victim of paresis. Wil- liams weighs the pros and cons of evidence of syphilis among the ancients. The conclusion we can draw from this interesting investigation is that ancient evidences of syphilis are very doubtful, and if accepted, extremely inferential. Chin-Shie-Lei living in China during the dynasty of Ming C3168-1644 B. CJ wrote a secret manuscript in which many supposed luetic manifestations are de- scribed, but again it is impossible to identify them exactly with syphilis. Other historians, notably Buret and Sudhoff, have written fascinating works on the Old World origin of Syphilis but the material they present does not entirely meet the test of critical investigation. The New 'World school bases its chief claim on the fact that the earliest recognition of syphilis as a disease entity, its name, and earliest suggestions for treatment were made after Columbus returned from. America. The story of the first epidemic of syphilis in Europe is too well known to be repeated in its entirety. Suffice it to know that in August 1494, Ferdinand of Spain marched against Charles VIII who had occupied Milan with an army of nondescript mercenaries, many of whom had been in the West Indies with Columbus. This dated the arrival of syphilis to Europe. As Iohn Astruc, phy- sician to Louis XIV says: And therefore it is by no means strange that many Neopolitans should be infected with the same Distemper, as they served under the same colors and had to do with the same women who followed the camp. And for the same reason the contagion would not but soon be communicated by one or both of them to the French, for as the success of the war continued, doubtless the same towns were taken and recovered by both parties, 'tis plain. that the French also must have had communication with the same women and thus the seeds of Veneral Disease must have naturally passed from one to the other. In 1496 the invaders were expelled from Naples and the members of the mercenary army scattered to their own countries. Thus it followed in their wake to France, Germany, Switzerland, Holland and Greece in 1496: Scotland in 14977 and Hungary and Russia in 1498. Vasco da Gama brought it to India in 1498. China was affected in 1505. It spread to the remaining portions of the World through the medium of those who opened them to civil- ization. It may well be said, with Haggard, that syphilization followed civiliza- tion. Reconsidering the question, the weight of evidence inclines one's opinion toward a New World origin-but the problem is far from being settled. One hundred sixty five Syphilis received its name from Fracastorius who in 1521 wrote a poem entitled Syphilis Sive Morbus Galliousf' a portion of which reads as follows: A Shepherd once tdistrust not ancient farnel Possessed these downs and Syphilis was his name. A thousand heifers in these vales he fed A thousand ewes to those fair rivers led From his the malady received its name. Heretofore, the stigma of dissemination was passed from nation to nation. The appearance of syphilis on the European coast enhanced the lexicon of national rivalry with pelvic phraseology. Fracastorius in shifting the burden of the source to the mythological swineherd Syphilis contributed to much inter- national accord, if not to the poetic art. . SYPHILIS IN HISTORY AND LITERATURE The role of syphilis in modern history is of great significance, a signifi- cance rarely emphasized by the non-medical historian. Its presence as an ever hovering pall of death and destruction penetrated the lives, customs, literature and politics of men. Syphilis spared neither rich nor poor. A list of historic figures who were syphilitic can fill an international who's who. The college of luetic notables can claim such men as Francis I of France, Benve- nuto Cellini, Louis XIV, Henry VIII, and Ivan the Terrible of Russia. One can not help marvelling how the course of history might have been altered by a course of arsenicals. The imprint of the disease is found in classical literature. Thus Rabelais, Ben Iohnson and Shakespeare are replete with references to the malady. Shakespeare showed an acute understanding of the disease and its manifestations. References as to origin, symptoms or cure are found in King Lear, As You Like It, Henry V, Pericles, Measure for Measure, Loves' Labour Lost, Timon of Athens, I-Ienry IV, Troilus and Cresidef' and I-Iamlet : in Timon of Athens CIV III 168-1837 the great master exhibits keen knowledge of the disease: Consumption sow In hollow bones of manl strike their sharp skins And mar man's spurring. Crack the 1awyer's voice That he may never more false title plead Nor sound his quillets shrilly: hoar the flames That scolds against the quality of flesh And not believe himself: down with the nose Down with it flat, take the bridge quite away Of him that, his particular to foresee Smells from the general weal: Make Curled-Pate ruiiians bald An-d let the unscarred braggarts of the war Derive some pain from you: Plague all That your activity may defeat and quell The service of all erection. There's more gold: Do you damn other, and let this damn you And ditches grave you alll One hundred sixty-six ' ETIOLOGY OF SYPHILIS The developments of concepts as to the cause of syphilis provides a fascinating chapter in the history of the disease. Before the role of bacteria and other infectious organisms in disease was understood, notions on the etiology of syphilis were indeed fantastic. ln the 18th century an astrologic origin was postulated. Some claimed a dietary origin, others attributed it to poisoning. The teachings of the versa- tile Paracelsus on the subject were most novel: The French Disease Csyphilisl derives its origin from the coitus of the leprous Frenchman with an impudent female, who had venereal Bubas, and after that infected everyone that cohabitated with her: and thus from the Leprosy and venereal Bubas, the French Disease arising, infected the whole world with its contagion, and in the same manner as from the coitus of a Horse and Ass the race of Mules is produced. Syphilis generally became recognized as a disease of venereal origin, but for a long time was confused with gonorrhea. Much of this confusion was due to the heroic but misleading experiment of Iohn Hunter. Hunter con- tended that gonorrhea was a mucous membrane manifestation of the same virus which when affecting the skin caused syphilis. He subjected himself to a skin inoculation of pus from a case of gonorrhea and developed syphilis. What Hunter failed to realize was that the source of infection suffered from a concomitant syphilis. The Hunterian concept was finally destroyed by the work of Phillippe Ricord H8389 in distinguishing the two diseases. The recent history in the development of syphilology is well known to all. The epoch making work of Pasteur stimulated the search for the bacterial cause of syphilis. In 1903, Metchnikoff, though failing. to find the organism, demonstrated that the disease could be transmitted to the higher apes. He also showed that the organism was microscopic in size since it did not pass through a porcelain filter. It remained for Schaudinn and Hoffman in 1905 to find the Treponema pallidum by use of dark field illumination. In 1906 Wasserman perfected the diagnostic test for syphilis. Closely succeeding each other came the important developments of salvarsan by Ehrlich in l9lO, the discovery of Treponema in paresis by Noguchi in l9l3, and the culturing df the organism by the latter scientists. CURES FOR SYPHILIS Men soon began to grope for a cure. Mercury became the sheet anchor in the treatment of syphilis. It is said that Europe was acquainted with the use of Mercury by the Arabian empiricists. Diaz de Isla, in 1521, is accredited with being the first European physician to employ mercury as a cure. How- ever, the drug was so misused that most patients preferred the disease to the cure. The patient was frequently annointed from head to foot with mercury ointment, the drug being pushed to salivation. Others accompanied vigorous mercurial inunctions with fasting. In Shakespear's time fumigation with mer- cury vapor, sweating and diets were popular. The victim entered a tub into which cinnabar was thrown on a hot dish. The dramatist refers to this pro- cedure in Timon of Athens CIV Ill-9-92l: One hundred sixty -SGVGI1 Give them diseases, leaving with thee their lust For tubs and baths: bring the dawn rose-cheeked youth To the tub-fast and the diet. Since it was firmly believed that syphilis originated in the New World, physicians of the day cast about for a remedy indigenous to America. For a long time guaiac held sway over Venus's bower. Fracastorius hailed it as a sovereign remedy. A popular medical book for laymen, published in the American colonies 117309, entitled Every Man His Own Doctor, or the Poor Planter's Physician prescribed a very exhausting regimen consisting of: 1. Prophylactic Cal Not ever venture upon strange women, especially upon Ethiopiansf' tbl Be very careful of catching cold. tcl Live not too near a swamp. 2. Dietary Cal Abstinence from meat and strong drink. 3. Specific C27 Decoction of tal Bark of Sumac Root. Inner Bark of Pine. Bark of Spanish Oak. Pushed to the point of emesis. ibl Two pills made of turpentine and deer's dung in equal quan- tities. Iohn Bartram, a botanist and colleague of Benjamin Franklin, prescribed lobelia in 1751. Maris futile ingenuity extended equally in the direction of prophylaxis. The first mechanical preventive was suggested by the ingenious Fallopius in his work De lviorbo Gal1ico, published in 1564. Fallopius elaborated the theory that .... this decay originates from the communication of diseased corpuscles which are drawn through the pores of the glans and produce dis- ease .... He therefore, urged votaries of Venus to protect the glans with a cloth impregnated with marvellous decoction containing guaiac, aloes, wine among other preposterous ingredients. Modern investigators in disease pro- phylaxis may well maintain a bashful silence in view of Fallopius's claims of 1000 successful trials and no failures. Daniel Turner writing of Syphilis in 1717, in the American Colonies, suggested the condom as a prophylactic. This is probably the earliest reference in literature to this article. While mechanical and medical methods of prophylaxis offer some hope of decreasing the in- cidence of syphilis, the only logical plan for eradication and prevention lies in the elimination of foci of infection. Herein however, there is a tremendous Public Health problem. One hundred sixty-eight SYPHILIS-A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM Modern syphilology shows a definite trend toward improvement in the medical management of the disease. However, we cannot boast of equally brilliant results in the complex sphere of Public Health and social relations. A rational scheme of defense against syphilis can be evolved. We must not be content with the former inadequate methods of control and patiently wait until the entire race becomes syphilized perhaps and immunity gradually becomes established. The older police methods of restriction and control of prostitution have not shown very encouraging results even in countries with strong centralized government, and such procedures as licensure and periodic physical examination of prostitutes have not been effective. A practical immediate method of control has been reached in New York City and in many other cities by the establishment of clinics for free treatment of venereal disease and the issuance of free drugs to doctors treating infectious cases. But unless a vigorous educational program is simultaneously carried on we can never hope for any measure of success, and success is likely to be in direct ratio to the degree in which we can dispel the clouds of ignorance, misconception and false sentiment which now surround it. Dr. Williams, former Surgeon-general of the U. S. Public Health Service has stated that A campaign of education should begin with the practicing physician who too often neglects to instruct his patient of the seriousness of the disease and oftener neglects to report the case to the local health authorities so that it may be controlled in the same way that a case of contagious disease of childhood is controlled. A certain automatic limitation of the disease is effected by the conjoint used of the Wasserman test and salvarsan therapy to infectious cases. There is no question that if the many agencies where people register for one reason or another were required, by sanitary code regulation, to demand a certificate of Wasserman negativity, the advance in the control of syphilis would be significant. In minimizing the danger to the community from prostitution, we are ostrich-like hiding our heads from a real menace. There is no denying the fact that the prostitute is the chief source of infection in syphilis. To eradicate prostitution, which has its roots in the dawn of antiquity, is no easy matter. Devices innumerable have been tried, but met with rapid failure. Prostitution in our day, as always, is in essence a product of economic underprivilege and social malajustment due to the disintegration of the home under the economic impact of modern industrial civilization. Therefore, the major battle against this social evil will be won when society can elevate the economic level of the broad body of people. For many years the public health aspect has been the private domain of moralists and politicians. It is only in the past few years that preventative work has found its way into the more effective machinery of medico-social organization. The trend in present day medicine for cooperation between doctor and clinic, as well as between doctor and doctor, will also reduce the ubiquity of syphilis in the United States. Here is a campaign against a disease whose fate lies in our hands, and by joining forces with each other and with public health authorities, there is no reason why it should not become a venerable member of our list of vanishing diseases. One hundred sixtynine REFERENCES: 1. Stokes, I. H. Syphilis of Today and Tomorrow-Arch-Derm and Syph. V22, Aug. 1930-p. 201. 2. Rice, I. L. Kaleski, D. V. Farmer, T. P. Parran, T. Ir. Control of Syphilis and Gonorrhea in the Scan-danavian Countries and Great Britain. Amer. I. Syph, Gonorrhea and Venereal Diseases. 3. Buter, Caligula, or Histroy's Debt. to Syphilis. An. Med. Hist. N. S. V. 4, No. 6 pp. 560-564. 4. University of Pennsylvania-A Synopsis of a Chinese Secret by Chin- Shi-Sei originally written during ming dynasty. I 5. Buret, F. History of Syphilis-1891 V. I. 2 and 3. 6. Miller, I. L. History of Syphilis. Ann. Med, Hist. N. S. V2-1930. 7. Lane, I. E. A few early notes on syphilis in the English colonies of North America, Arch. Derm. and Syph. Aug. 1920, V2 pp.l5-219. 8. Lane, I. E. A note on the Prophylaxis of Syphilis from the writings of Daniel Turner, M. D. Arch. Derm and Syph. Iune 1923-V7, pp. 800-804. 9. Williams, An epitome of the history of syphilis. Arch. Derm and Syphilis, Vol. 12-1925, p. 508. . ' FURTHER READINGS: 10. Rosenbaum, I. The Plague of Lust-Paris 1901. ll. Suetonius, Transl. by S. C. Rolf--Vol. 1, pp. 435, xxii. 12. Record: Illustrations of Syphilitic Disease, 1851. 13. Report of an advisory committee to the U. S. Public Health Service Recommendations for a venereal disease control program in state and local health departments Repring No. 54 from Venereal Disease Information V. 17, No. 1. lan. 1936. 14. T. Parran, Ir. The Medical aspects of Social Hygiene, I. Missouri State M. A. June 1928, pp. 245-249. - 11- FINIS As we leave this place oi collegiate bliss, Old Alpha Sigma merely says this: Heigh de ho and a bumpety-bump, Our last place wit is a guy named Crumpg De Nyse commutes from a Westchester town- His back is bowed and his head is down: Dodge is a stooge for that wit Crump, Yesses are hurled-he's sure a chumpp Iohn Garbarini deplores his hair, Can you hear him swear when his head is bare? Heeve and Graham are friends so strong, Both are thin and both are longp Iohn Gutowski's from southern Kings, Blonde Nick Knox comes to school on wings: Edward Keefer is a roly-poly, Douglas G-iorgio's a terror holy: Merscheimer is true to the Iersey shore, Zoller swears to worry no more: Old Bill Martin, our social whirl, Will continue to greet every new girly Stalonas and Noto, both shy fellows, A contrast to Longworth, he who bellows. That's our roster excepting Ye Scribe Who belong to an honored Irish tribe. Thus to emerge from collegiate bliss With many a classmate's healthy hiss. One hundred seventy THOUGHTS OF A SOUL With reverential awe I soft approached the gate Of entrance into I-Ieaven's holy fields. My fate Was soon to be adjudged-my acts, my wants, my Soul On earth. My death but marked the start of this my scroll. I sat in silence mute with mingled fear and joy, Emotions not like those of any but a boy. The court convened, the justices arrayed in white- Their brilliance burned into my being, cowed with fright I turned to flee. A sharp command rang thru the court That stopped my ev'ry move, that sensed my very thought. Then sudden as it came my fear was vanished-swept Away as by a supernatural will. I wept With joy. For He had come by Whom we all are born, For Whom our sorrows, joy and pain, and all are borne. My mind was living once again. I rose to heights Undreamt by mortal man. For God gave me the light To guide my steps to Paradise forever more: A God so merciful, so just, forever more. Edward I. Gallagher SOLILOQUY To live to die-t'is one to be, Who in this maze called life, With staggering gait, with strife In mind, unable to foresee the light. Unanswered to questions asked, Possessed with fear, in bondage kept-when Toward Heaven turns: a prayer to her For revelation-his soul's unmasked. To live, to die: to die with work undone? To die with faith unfelt? - T'is but to live eternal life Of thwarted visions, of one unsung. Diodato Villamena I UNDERSTAND WOMEN She told me that she loved me- Said I carried her away: So I asked her May I kiss you? And she murmured, Yes, you may . My mind was quite unbalanced As I pressed her lips to mine, My emotions quite unstable, I thrilled as from red wine. So, completely overpowered, She enjoyed my fond caress- But I never popped the question For I knew she'd answer Yes. . Gallagher One hundred seventy-one RECENT ADVANCES IN MCDERN SURGERY 1935 - 1936 IF we were to compare surgery at the beginning of the twentieth century with that of our present decade, we should find amazing progress in operative technic, in the methods for the early recognition of surgical conditions, and in the rapidly expanding number of human disorders amenable to surgical treatment. It is very difficult for surgeons of any age to appraise the value of existing methods as to their permanence and lasting merit. They are apt to consider their procedures as having reached the acme of perfection and the finality of law. Improvements, if possible, surgeons have often agreed, would be slight and inconsequential. Many surgeons of the last century would have considered as heresy the frequent sympathectomies and thoracoplasties of today. However, we must not be too severe in our criticism of their self-com- placency and peremptoriness. In general, good surgeons have acquired their knowledge of operative procedures, their skill, and their diagnostic judgment through years of patient study and diligent application in the development of their own methods as well as those of their contemporaries. Surgery has been concerned for many years with the correction of mechanical defects of the body. The surgeon of today is no longer content with the removal of diseased organs. His desire is to restore the whole organ- ism to its physiological harmony-reconstructive surgery. Many of the ductless glands are now being treated with brilliant success. Surgical treat- ment of dysfunctions of the adrenals, parathyroids, even the pancreas is being practiced rather widely and many ,spectacular results are reported in the literature. So, too, a better knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of different parts of the nervous system has in recent years aided much in the diagnosis of abnormal conditions of that system, and has permitted great advances in their surgical treatment. Now there is no ganglion or strand of the sympathetic nervous system which is not exposed or removed for various conditions of pain, paralysis, or dysfunction. When one reads of all the bene- fits which accrue from ablations of parts of the sympathetic nervous system one cannot help wondering why it was censured at its inception, for every one seems better in every way when he gets rid of it. This question might be asked of the appendix vermiformis which may be only a useless vestigial structure but what a boon to the young rising surgeon. With the trend of medicine, generally, toward prevention, surgery will and must contribute its share. 'New instruments, we are almost convinced, will not only improve technical skill, but as diagnostic aids will enable the surgeon to determine and correct disorders of function possibly even before morbid pro- cesses develop. It will be necessary to include only the most important contributions to surgery of recent years in this report, although the usefulness and significance of many others remains unquestioned. Most of the procedures mentioned have been tried with repeated success, some very recent ones however, are waiting One hundred seventy-two BY WILLIAM RUBIN to emerge from their experimental stage into one of general, unanimous approval. The major development in surgery during 1933 had been in the field of the endocrine system. Hollman and Railsback added to the number of cases of hyperinsulinism already treated successfully by surgery, their own case of partial resection of the pancreas. Adenomata of the islands of Langerhans has been found not to be a rare condition. The change in secondary sexual characteristics with virilism, hirsutism, amenorrhea and abnormal deposits of fat in adrenal cortical tumors, basophilic adenomata of the pituitary tCushing's Syndromel, and, that peculiar ovarian tumor, arrhenoblastoma, no longer presents the hopeless prognosis of former years. The large group of disturbances due to endocrine deficiencies such as myxedema, diabetes mellitus, parathyroid tetany and Addison's disease may all become amenable to surgical treatment. Already much work has been done along these lines of hetero-glandular and homoglandular transplantation. Difficulties which are gradually being overcome are: ill surrounding the transplant With a suitable nutrient medium: C23 providing adequate circulation for each cell: C39 preventing pressure necrosis of the tender grafts by surround- ing tissue. To prevent the last, the loose areolar tissue of the axilla or groin is selected as a bed for the transplant. ln order to help the gland to adapt itself to its new environment, it is first grown in a culture medium of beef embryo juice and serum saline, next in the serum from the donor finally in the serum from the recipient and then heparinized plasma for one month before trans- planting. We may very Well ask, Are We on the threshold of the door to the fountain of youth? Much interest has been aroused in the field of thoracic surgery, especially by the increasingly frequent and successful removal of a lobe or even of an entire lung. Advances in technic have been rapid so that the mortality in several clinics has been reduced to less than fifteen per cent. Carr has con- tributed an important improvement to the operative procedure. He has devised a small automatic hilum clamp by which strong ligation tension may be applied. This appears to have marked advantage in safety over the previous methods of ligature or suture of the contents of the hilar stump. The clamp is left on for fifteen days and is then removed through a small intercostal incision. I-lilum occlusion is complete, so that resection of the diseased lobe may be carried out immediately after application of the clamp. Excision of an entire lung is now practiced in selected cases of bronchioqenic carcinoma. Lobec- tomy is gradually winning the approval of Graham, Lillienthal, Coryllos, and others, in selected cases of bronchiectasis and lung abscess. An extremely interesting approach to coronary disease of the heart has been undertaken by C. S. Beck. By means of a pedicle graft to the heart from the pectoralis major he was able experimentally, and then in one patient, to develop a collateral circulation to this vital organ. Further reports on other patients subjected to this operation are yet to be published. One hundred seventy three Denk and De Takats have obtained satisfactory results from the use of intravenous doses of papaverine in acute embolic occlusion. By relieving vessel spasm they claim to receive as good results with this harmless pro- cedure as may be expected from performing an embolectomy. However, it is advised that the injections should be made immediately upon the diagnosis of pulmonary or peripheral embolism. In advanced cases where the injections of the papaverine have not improved the circulation, embolectomy, of course, becomes imperative. Disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract continue to present difficulties. Of the four drugs commonly used for intestinal distention, pituitrin, physostigmin, peristaltin CCibal, and acetylcholine, Gerthin and Bargen, from a series of observations, found that pituitrin alone was a marked stimulant. They con- sidered it the only drug of this group likely to prove effective regularly in augmenting the peristalsis of the atonic or paralyzed bowel. Pituitrin acted in three to five minutes and had gradually diminishing effects for three quarters to one and one half hours. Experiments performed by Blalock in an effort to find the factors respon- sible for the rapidly developing signs and symptoms of ruptured peptic ulcer indicate that the various gastro-intestinal juices, especially bile, when free in the abdominal cavity, produced a marked drop in blood pressure. He believes that cc dilatation of the many intra-abdominal blood vessels causes the primary fall in blood pressure which is followed by the secondary decrease in cardiac output. Priestly and McCormack, advised serum therapy in addition to ordinary treatment for generalized peritonitis secondary to ruptured appendix: a dis- tinctly lower mortality rate was found in those cases where it was used as compared to a control series in which serum was not given. Weinberg has prepared three sera, one a polyvalent antiserum for the anaerobes most com- monly found in these cases, another a colon bacillus anti-serum, and finally a so-called complimentary serum to combat other invaders, i. e. streptococcus, staphylococcus and related organisms. Best and Hicken have rendered an interesting account on visualization of the biliary tract by injections of radio-opaque fluids into the common duct during operations ..... a method they called immediate cholangiographyn. They injected a contrast medium, usually about an ounce, into the gall-bladder, cystic duct, or common bile duct and immediately took X-rays. They felt these studies were important in visualizing the duct system and in demonstrating over-looked stones. When the duct system was injected post-operatively thru catheters or fistulas they found a surprising number of cases of spasm of the ducts. They also found that glyceryl trinitrate, magnesium sulphate, atropine, cream, and olive oil had very evident therapeutic value in these cases of spastic dysynergia. Rothman, Meranza and Meranza, during the past year have been studying blood phosphatase and its relationship to jaundice. After observing a large number of cases of obstructive and non-obstructive jaundice they have con- cluded that a value greater than 10 units suggests obstruction. They found this test to be of greater value than any other in the differentiation of these two types of jaundice. Without doubt the most fascinating of the recent developments in neuro- surgery is that of the surgical approach to the treatment of intractable pain and essential hypertension. Adson, in l934, relieved an otherwise incurable fronto- One hundred seventy-four temporal migriane by a combination of surgical procedures designed to diminish the angiospasm and desensitize the meningeal vessels. Instant and complete relief followed periarterial sympathectomy of the common carotid artery and removal of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion along with six centimeters of the cervical sympathetic trunk. In 1935 Adson used a technic whereby the splanchnic nerves are sectioned and the first and second lumbar ganglia, together with a portion of the suprarenal gland, are excised. He claims that a modified high kidney incision gives excellent exposure. He believes this operation is superior to, and less formidable than a bilateral and ventral rhizotomy of the thoracic and lumbar roots from the sixth thoracic to the second lumbar segment, inclusive. Promptly following operation the systolic blood pressure is capable of dropping from 270mm. of mercury or more, to lOOmm. Improvement in clinical symptoms is more manifest than the actual drop in blood pressure. Retinal hemorrhage, spasm, and papilledema will often disappear following sympathectomy. Cardiac and renal functions also improve. Flothow and Swift reported a review of 100 cases in which sympathetic ganglionectomy was performed for various purposes. In scleroderma only some of the symptoms were ameliorated. In Raynaud's disease better results were obtained when only the lower extremities were involved. The question of operability or degree of vasospasm in thrombo-angitis obliterans was simpli- fied by the diagnostic injection of sympathetic nerves or by spinal anesthesia. Crile performed denervation of the suprarenals in over three hundred cases of various sympathetic disorders. Over 9O'k of those having neuro- cir- culatory asthenia, hyperthyroidism or peptic ulcer were cured or greatly im- proved. Selected cases of diabetes, epilepsy, and early hypertension also showing promising results, Crile's latest exploits have been localized about the celiac ganglion and aortic plexus. Whether young or old patients are concerned, Crile's treatment of essential and malignant hypertension by means of a bilateral excision of the celiac ganglion and denervation of the aortic plexus affords promise of permanent relief. Craig suggests section of the presacral nerves in cases of uncontrollable bladder pain or dysfunction, severe dysmenorrhea, or I-Iirschsprung's disease. Leriche and Fontaine advocate novocain infiltration of the lumbar sympa- thetic nerves for the treatment of post-operative femoral phlebitis. Pearl and Shapiro found that instances of abnormal sweating as to color, odor or chemi- cal composition calls for surgical intervention. Sympathetic ganglionectomy at the proper level will produce a total inhibition of sweating in the desired regions. They claim that the accompanying rise in peripheral vasoconstriction gives no uncomfortable symptoms. Levine has furnished us with evidence to show that the vagus in man is not the constrictor nerve of the bronchial mus- culature, and that impulses for bronchial constriction must therefore be con- tained in the sympathetic fibres. With this in mind he attempted to interrupt this sympathetic reflex mechanism in bronchial asthma. In 23 cases of intract- able bronchial asthma treated by injection of the communicating rami complete relief was obtained in 75W, with varying degrees of improvement in the re- mainder. The management of brain abscess is still in a state of confusion. Many surgeons are in doubt when to drain an abscess, and are uncertain as to the procedures to use. A similar disagreement exists in the treatment of head injuries. Temple Fay regularly presents data, to support the treatment of One hundred seventy five cerebral trauma by dehydration and fluid limitation. He claims a mortality of only 13.8921 after the third hour of admission. Zierold on the other hand wishes to destroy the common belief that increased intra-cranial pressure is a com- mon, if not constant, accompaniment to severe head injury. Zierold questions the possibility of treatment by spinal drainage or by the use of hypertonic solutions in any case of increased intracranial pressure of a degree sufficient to endanger life. Significant advances have been made in the exposure of the cranial nerves. Peet presented fourteen cases of complete cure of glossopharyngeal neuralgia by intra-cranial section of the glossopharyngeal nerve. The symp- toms are those of sudden sharp excruciating pains which shoot down from the ear, base of tongue or posterior pharynx. Dandy finds the cause of Menieres disease to lie in the sensory root of the auditory nerve. Patients were cured by intracranial section of the nerve. A successful exposure of the facial canal was obtained by Tremble and Penfield in 1936. With the advent of ventriculography and encephalography a new and valuable aid in the diagnosis of intra-cranial lesions has been acquired. les- sen, Schoenfeld and Freeman made use of thorium dioxide as a contrast medium for ventriculograms in 1933. A recent innovation in cerebral arterio- graphy is the use of colloidal thorium for injections into the internal carotid artery to be followed soon after by a rapid series of skull films. That this method is not without danger was shown by Shih and lung who experimentally produced thrombocytopenic purpura by the intravenous injection of thorium dioxide in rabbits. Alexander, lung and Lyman again, found ependymal inflammation in certain cases, after the introduction of thorium into the ven- tricles. The miscellaneous contributions and noteworthy achievements which have been described are readily seen to have permeated all branches of surgery. That many of the stumbling blocks to health have been mowed down by the surgeon's knife must be granted but that numerous perplexing problems have been created, the solutions of which have merely been begun, cannot be denied. Although I am sadly unqualified to comment upon the training of a sur- geon, a few thoughts and observations are inescapable. Bedside instructions and the acquisition of diagnostic ability are to be highly recommended. How- ever, with the current practice of deep-seated and intricate explorations of organs and tissues a very thorough knowledge of surgical anatomy becomes indispensable. How can this be better acquired than by actual dissection upon the cadaver? It is perhaps only as a senior that the medical student realized the value of the many hours spent in the dissection room during his first year. Why should not the medical student as well as the interne have the opportunity of returning to the cadaver with the new interest and under- standing of one who is really prepared to intercept his findings? Surgical pro- cedures may be practiced upon the cadaver to very good advantage in prepar- ation for the surgery of the operating room, which to my mind, is delayed far too long. If we consider operative technic a mechanical skill to be developed just as any other act of skill it should be apparent that only thru early and persistent practice will it be acquired. Surgeons who have combined an irre- proachable surgical technic along with their diagnostic acumen and insight into pre and post operative care will always win our respect and admiration. -ill One hundred seventy-six IT HAPPENED IN ANATOMY- . Dr. Gerlach-Describe to me the mesentery of the duodenum. Bohmer-I cant describe it but l'll draw it. Dr. Gerlach-Dat iss a goot drawink but I giff you feefty. Vat structures pierce the diaphragm? Rohmer-CI-Ie fooled me once but not againl NOTHINGI Dr. G-erlach-Excellent, I giff you zero. BACTERIOLOGY- Schwab-Give me the lid of that Petri dish, Hank. I'm ready to plant the culture. Sherwood-You don't put it on the lid, you put it on the media. Schwab-You're crazy, it belongs on the lid. Sherwood-O. K. Schwab-fAfter 15 minutesl Dr. Hotchkiss, how long does it take for the bacteria to fall from the lid on to the media? GYNECOLOGY- Dr. Silverblatt-What are the three stigmata of gonorrhea in women? Tramont-Well, I really don't think you can always blame the woman. Dr. Silverblatt-CAS the class laughsl Doctor, stigmata means signs. CHEMISTRY- Quiz Master-What are the advantages of mother's milk over cow's milk? L. Rubin-It doesn't have to be kept on ice. Sherwood-It doesn't have to be pasteurized. Reinstein-lt comes in more attractive containers. PHARMACOLOGY- Dr. Boyd-What is another name for Chorea? Kay-St. Vitus dance. Dr. Boyd-Who was St. Vitus? Kay to Sherwood-Who the hell was he? Sherwood-Buzzzzzzzzz Dr. Boyd-Well? Kay-Oh yes, he was the man who chased all the rats out of Ireland. PATHOLOGY- Miss Fisher-Dr. Speer, I've come to return my box of slides. Dr. Speer-Carl, will you please take care of Miss Fischer's box. OBSTETRICS- Dr. Yerbury-What is the first thing you ask your patient when she tells you she thinks she is pregnant? Gartner-Ask her if she had any intercourse. PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS- Dr. Zimmerman-What are to two types of breathing? Tedesco-What? Dr. Zimmerman-What? Tedesco-What? Dr. Zimmerman to class-What did he say? Class-He says he can't hear you. Dr. Zimmerman-Oh-What are the two types of breathing? Tedesco-Oh-NORMAL AND ABNORMAL. MINOR SURGERY- Dr. I-Ierrlin-What is the first thing you do when you find a patient in shock? Burrett-You give him a whiff of chloroform. ORAL SURGERY- Dr. Mayer-What is Tic Doloreux? De Philips-Why Doctor--er it's-that is-it's a form of Neurology. H R One hundred seventy-seven THE POSITION OF THE SIMILE IN THE MEDICINE OF TO-DAY BIOLOGIC BACKGROUND 'THE simile rule rests upon experiments with test animals and healthy human beings. It is most logically explained by the work of a number of German, and several English, authors, who have called attention to the widespread incidence of alternating oppositely directed phases in biologic activity. I refer to the early work of Schulz, and the more recent work of Boyd, Kotschau, Rentz, and a host of others. Early in his work-about 1882- Schulz demonstrated that it was possible to obtain diametrically opposite biologic effects from small and large doses of either organic or inorganic stimuli. From this, he reasoned that it might be possible to apply a biologically active substance to a diseased organism in such a manner as to produce a return to normal, by the use of a substance in moderate amounts, which in its intoxications would still further alter the biologic status for the worse. Schulz suggested that the effects of a substance administered in large amounts to healthy subjects, afford us a record of the particular tissues and functions upon which such a substance is capable of acting. It was a logical sequence of his experiments that small amounts would alter these same functions and tissues in an opposite direction. This alteration in effect of large and small doses is known as the Arndt-Schulz Rule, and was the first basically scientific formulation offered to explain the long known usefulness of homeopathy in the clinical field of medicine. Schulz was the first individual to observe that various phases or stages of effect could be obtained from biologic stimuli, but in producing these changes, he recognized only the influence of dosage. More recently Boyd, Kotschau, and Rentz have shown the importance of time, and many other con- ditions influencing the reactions described by Schulz. For example, Ptentz has shown that a single dose of novocaine at first narrows, and later dilates, small blood vessels. The clinician is constantly observing similar phases in disease: for example, the change from leukopenia to leukocytosis in the early stages of peritonitis, from chill to fever in pneumonia: from shock to turgor in sunstroke, and so forth. The physiologist sees a succession of rhythmically alternating events and not an isolated reaction, hyperglycemia-hypoglycemia, leukocy- tosis-leukopenia, hypertension-hypotension, vasoconstriction-vasodilatation, tachycardia-bradycardia, are simple illustrations. Again, biologic response is conditioned by the status of the tissue acted upon. Adrenalin constricts at first only the normal vessel, while in the same dose it initially dilates the traumatized. Many other elements, such as time of day, season of the year, tissue concentration, and so forth, play a positive part in responses to stimuli. One hundred seventy-eight TI-IOMAS H. MCGAVACK, M. D. Associate Professor of Medicine In recognizing the various factors concerned in the production of phasic effects, homeopathy focuses upon the clinical field in medicine, and attempts so to utilize drugs and other medicinal agents that organismal activities can be depressed or furthered as the indications may suggest. Perhaps the matter becomes clearer when we say that adrenalin in usaul dosage at first con- stricts, and, shortly thereafter, dilates the bronchioles of the lung. Therefore, we use it in asthma to relieve bronchial spasm. However, if we give repeated doses in short succession, its action is manifested predominantly in the first, rather than in the second phase, and so we not only do not relieve our attack, but actually make the status of the patient worse. By way of further illustration, it is recalled that insulin in reasonable amounts increases the utilization of sugar by the tissues, but if the dosage is pushed too far, decreased metabolism supervenes. As Rentz has said, There is scarcely any biologic stimulus of any sort that has not at some time, under some conditions, produced phasic effects, which is another way of saying that under certain definite conditions almost any known biologic stimulus can be applied according to the simile rule. LIMITATIONS OF HOMEOPATI-IY Of course, the above statement does not infer that homeopathy is applic- able in every case of disease, nor in any particular case of a disease under all circumstances, or in all of its manifestations. lt does imply the possibility of utilizing any and every phase of the action of a biologic stimulus in some medical condition, according to a very definite rule-the simile. This general- ization springs logically from any deep or detailed discussion of phase action. This does not mean that it is universally applicable, that is, does not imply that homeopathy rests upon, or presupposes, an infallible basic law. It merely implies that the homeopathic rule is useful in medicine in finding a curative agent in some cases of disease. THE SIMILE AS A FINDING PRINCIPLE Perhaps a simple illustration will make clear the finding value of this rule. The characteristic features of acute amoebic dysentery are at first, loose, watery bowel movements, later containing, in addition to fecal matter, con- siderable blood and mucous. If the condition continues, nausea and vomiting of a persistent type supervene, the patient becomes dehydrated, heart and kidney damage may occur, and, very late, neuritic manifestations may ap- pear. Such a sequence of events has been produced by ipecac and also by arsenic-assuming of course, that each is administered by the proper route with due attention to size of dose, interval of administration, and total amount of drug used. In other words, arsenic and ipecac, under proper conditions, may reproduce the picture of amoebic dysentery. By simile thinking, there- fore, they should be useful in the disease. We can find them by comparing their effects with those of the disease: when similarity exists, the conditions of the simile rule are fulfilled. It is interesting to note that these two drugs form the basis of the more successful prescriptions for amoebic dysentery today. While the modus of their action remains obscure, their effects lead us to a correct therapeutic ap- plication, via simile thinking. Many further examples of drug action can be invoked, from which we can generalize that the simile is in its essence, a finding principle. The value of the rule rests entirely upon its ability to aid One hundred seventy nine us in arriving at useful therapeutic procedures: and not at all upon its phil- osophical attractiveness. Such value is fully attested in the common practices of medicine today, 'for instance, the administration, under proper conditions, of iodine in exophthalmic goitre: the same drug in certain forms of syphilis: phosphorus in human rickets: mercury and other heavy metals in lues Cparen- thetically, it may be said that bismuth has been employed more than one hundred years in this disease by those familiar with simile thinkinql: the snake venoms in the purpuras associated with thrombocytopenia: latrodectus mac- tans in angina pectoris: quinine in malaria: sulphur in arthritis: the same remedy in furunculosis: and so forth. THE INDICATION S F OR PRESCRIPTIONS ACCORDING TO THE SIMILE lt is a common misconception that subjective symptoms are used entirely for the selection of remedial agents according to the simile rule. That con- ception has undoubtedly arisen from the necessity of stressing subjective phenomena, in the early days of homeopathic practice. At that time there was an almost total absence of any knowledge of the basic sciences of the medical art. In the medicine of today, however, we may find our remedy by atten- tion to etiologic factors, anatomicopathologic Cstructurall variations, physiolog- ico-pathologic Cfunctionall alterations, prognostic indications, and so forth. Etiologic considerations bring us homeopathically to the use of vaccines, to the application of allergens, to the employment of more or less specific anti- gens, and so forth. Indeed, one might at least theoretically suggest that Ien- ner's small pox vaccine could have come about entirely by simple thinking In actuality, Ienner observed that dairy maids rarely developed small pox. By simile thinking, we may observe the great similarity existing between intox- ications of cow pox virus in human beings lvaccinial, and the manifestations of the disease, small pox, against which it protects. The etiologic applica- tions of the simile will perhaps remain its most accurate and effective usages, but they do not detract from the value of prescriptions made on other indi- cations. Anatomico-pathologic Cstructurall changes in disease are often helpful guides in applying the simile. For example, some centuries ago, it was learned empirically that mercury was useful in treating the dreaded scourge, syphilis. More recently, experiments have actually shown that mercury produces all the structural changes of syphilis. Moreover, the chronic inttx- ications from it show a predilection for all structures of the body in somewhat the same frequency as is to be observed from the ravages of the spirocheta pallida. W Again, the structural changes taking place in the kidney in uranium nitrate poisoning prove conclusively that the drug can never be useful in glycosuria due to pancreatic disease: but only in that of kidney dysfunction. Pathologico-physiologic manifestations may also offer indications for simile thinking. The influence of iodine upon the thyroid gland are well known and, without some degree of disturbance in that organ, rarely will iodine be useful in disturbances of sugar metabolism. lt is quite true that many thera- peutic procedures which coulcl have been reached by simile thinking have actually been determined in other ways: as, for example, by antipathic, allo- pathic, or heteropathic reasoning. Let us approach the therapeutic problem of One hundred eighty a given case of bacillary dysentery. By the rule of the simile, we must find an agent capable of producing ulcerative lesions of the intestines associated with copious, watery, bloody diarrhoea and a generalized toxemia. Such a remedy is to be found in mercurius subcorrosivus. Experience has taught us that one to three tablets of the 3x tablet triturate leach representing lflOOOth of a grain? should be given at two hourly intervals. lf we approach the prob- lem antipathically, then we search for an agent capable of destroying the organism. ln other Words, we look for an antiseptic. Among others to be considered is mercurius subcorrosivus, and the dosage to be used is the largest one compatible with the integrity of the tissues of the host. Actually such a dose approximates lflOOOth to lf5UOth of a grain every two hours. ln other words, I am trying to convey the important thought that the same therapeutic procedure may be invoked by more than one method of medical thinking, and that therefore homeopathy does not represent in any sense, an exclusive school of thought, but is a method complementary to all others in the field of therapy. It does not directly play a part in the rapidly expanding field of substitutive therapy, of which we have notable examples in the use of insulin for diabetes, thyroid for myxedema, anti-toxin for diphtheria, and so forth. One should here also stress the importance of palliation therapy and the top- ical usefulness of parasiticidal therapy. IN CONCLUSION Finally, it would seem clear that homeopathy belongs primarily in the field of stimulo-therapy, and can be best summarized in the words of Professor Manwaring of Stanford University School of Medicine- One could para- phrase the familiar 'similiar similibus curentur' of Hahnemann by the postulate that in proper dosage, every symptom-producing drug acts as a heterophile symptom specific vaccine, increasing personal resistance to each and every pathologic factor of the same syptom-specific group. This statement affords us an excellent immunologic conception of the simile. A more fruitful concep- tion, however, is probably contained in the words of Professor Boyd, of the New York Medical College: If there are purposeful reactions in the body, it would seem rational to imitate them. This is the simile in its fundamental form. The simile principle is the principle by whose applications the defen- sive reactions are to be stimulated. Wherever in nature we find purposeful defensive reactions in the body, we should attempt to simulate them. Without reasoning of this sort Bier would never have discovered the value of reactive hyperemia in inflammatory states-a truly homeopathic procedure. Homeo- pathy represents an effort on the part of the physician to imitate and to stim- ulate nature's reaction against disease. Its limitations have been suggested, its field of application implied. There is an old Arabian proverb which reads, A hatchet is a good thing, but not to eat soup With. So let it be said of homeopathy in the medicine of todOtY. It is a good thing, but by no means universally applicable for all morbific states, but wherever stimuli of any sort--electrical, thermal, mechan- ical, or drug-are to be applied with a view to increasing nature's own re- sponse to morbific influences, then and there will simile thinking be useful. ' By the term Hparasiticidal therapy the author means the use of an agent for its direct action upon the living morbific influence without any effect, or at least, without any deleterious effect upon the host. There are no extant instances of such therapy in the human body-with the possible exception of the arsphenamlnes in syphilis. One hundred eighty one Nurse One hundred eighty-two IMPEACH BISCONTI Peter, the Great has chiseled us boys Of hard earned cash and sundry joys: The dance we had was quite a flop, With him the ball room we'd like to mop. Because of him we went to the Ritz- All should unite to tear him to bits. Our initial outlay was rather high, On reaching the Ritz it hit the sky. Bisconti must have had plenty of dough He tipped all waiters-the so and so. Bisconti and Chinigo vacationed to-day They're buying new suits with colors gay. Let's tell the Dean about this guy Then we'll kill him until he dies. It isn't a crime to kill a skunk In fact if we don't We'll all be sunk. But first impeach him, remove him from office If we do this We'll fill our coffers With many dollars, nickles and dimes Then we kill him, and have good times. THE NOBLE LIFE-IN THE CHILDREN'S WARD Nurse Nurse oh nurse, I feel so sick. bring me a bed pan, quickl Nurse, you forgot to wash my face. Nurse, Iohnny won the wheelchair race. Nurse, I won't swallow that old stuff. Nurse, you don't play with me enough. Nurse, Peter's gotten out of bed. Nurse, watch me stand up on my head. Nurse, my ear-oh ouch-she aches. Nurse how long have I got to bake? Nurse, Nurse I my water bottle leaks. listen to my arm cast squeak. oh nurse-from all the ward The cry goes on the Whole day long. When, amid such din and strife Can nurses lead the noble life. VERBARG SCHOOL DAYS FROSI-I There was a Freshman at Flower Who studied mnernonics by the hour But when quizzed by the Boss He found keys a total loss Now sight of M .D.'s makes him cower. SOPH A soph towards study was cool With wine and women he'd fool Exams drove him frantic And his libido gigantic At last got him kicked out of school. JUNIOR The Iuniors all go to the Met To do their service obstet With hearts aquiver They stand and deliver Offspring begot tete-a-tete. SENIOR The seniors are inclined to be cynical They shun experiences clinical Interneships they seek Which seven days a week Will bring them patients qyr1'ical. MOTHERHOOD Par la boca - Bespiro - Breathe, mother Now push - pujo - That's fine - Now Thats the way It's just a few more pushes mother And then we'll call it a full Business day Oh - here it comes. BE STILL motherl Don't Push - non puio - Oh B'gosh, its come Well, Ritgen, your text book manouever Was made for para O but not for Para tenl GEN DEI.. VERBARG One hundred eighty-three c 4oMMoN SENSE INASURGICAL DIAGNOSIS THIS is a machine age and machinery has become such an important part of medicine that we often wonder if the art of medicine is not lost sight of. A machine is good only when there is a rational brain behind it. The appendicitis problem is a serious one. There has been a tendency to emphasize the complications instead of recognizing the disease as an entity early. History taking is an art which is frequently passed over lightly. Osler used to say that the history is often three quarters of the diagnosis. In every appendicitis case a careful history will show the presence of abdominal pain with some form of intestinal upset. Formerly the physical examination syn- drome was emphasized, and rightly. Inspection is the first stage. With the eye on a line with the abdomen one can often detect protective tension of the abdominal wall over the site of the trouble. The breathing is often shallower in real abdominal disease. The parts lack symmetry. Palpation, starting in a Silent area with the wrist end of the hand resting firmly and the fingers gently pressing, then following around near the point of tenderness, then reversing the process again to the point of tenderness, then deep pressure, rebound and then the pinching of the skin for hvperesthesia, is the second point in the diagnosis of this disease. A rectal examination is of value in certain rare pelvic forms. Kidney palpation and the use of the stethoscope over the chest will probably eliminate two of the differential diagnostic con- ditions such as pyelitis and right sided pneumonia. When these procedures are carried out, and only after the information from these is gained, is it advisable to look to the laboratory. The blood count shows us theprogress of the- disease. We know so little about the blood count of the individual in health that it is sometimes a mistake to draw too many conclusions from it. With the positive symptoms as shown by physical examination, we have no right to delay operation. We well know that many an acutely inflamed appendix because of its peculiar anatomical location, blood and nerve supply, has not had time to cause a constitutional reaction, and we therefore know that this is the safe period in the manage- ment of this disease. Many times we have operated cases with a normal pulse, normal temperature, a so-called normal blood count, only to find on opening the appendix, many gangrenous spots starting in the mucosa and the submucosa, with frank pus in the lumen as proved by culture. Therefore we feel that common sense dictates a diagnosis of appendicitis on the history and physical signs leading to prompt operation and quick recovery. Disease of the gall bladder presents a different problem. A careful his- tory shows the incidence of indigestion, so-called, over quite a period of time, with the peculiar symptom of pain in the right upper quadrant immediately following the ingestion of food, especially fat food, accompanied with gas. This syndrome is quite different from that of ulcer. A careful physical exam- ination usually shows a tension on respiration in the right upper quadrant accompanied by some pain under the scapula. Hammer percussion at a point where two lines cross, one from the ensiform to the anterior-superior One hundred eighty-four BY JOSEPH I-I. FORBES, M. D., F. A. C. S. PROFESSOR OF SURGERY spine, and the other from the cartilage ot the ninth rib to the umbilcus, shows tenderness. Palpation may discover an enlarged liver. The presence ot hem- orrhoids confirms the liver congestion. Ot course, in the acute stone colic, recognition of the condition is quite easy. The x-ray and all the laboratory tests may indicate the progress ot the disease, but the diagnosis can be made on the physical signs and history. Perforation of a gastric or duodenal ulcer presents a clinical picture which cannot be denied. A history obtained from the family or from the patient shows long continued indigestion, sometimes with vomiting of blood. There is a sudden onset with shock accompanied by severe pain in the epigastrium. This pain is of a burning character and travels downwards along the right gutter of the abdomen, burning as it goes. There is immediate abdominal tension not only of the walls, but of the diaphragm. This is a protective mech- anism and it is shown by a slightly cyanosed appearance of the patient due to poor oxygenation from lack of proper lung expansion. All ot us have ex- perienced the chagrin of operating these cases for acute appendicitis, for we examined the patient at the stage where the upper part of the burned tract had become numb and the acrid juices had just reached the cecum. A history and a common sense evaluation of the situation usually pre- vents this mistake. The temperature is usually subnormal and the pulse rapid but they are concomitant conditions and may occur in other catastrophes. Acute pancreatitis and mesenteric thrombosis are quite difficult but the severity of the pain and the excessive shock point the way towards immediate operation anyway. Occasionally we will be called in consultation on patients with acute abdominal pain with some upper abdominal distention. lf there is a history of angina pectoris, we have always been able to withstand the importunities of the internist and cardiologist and have resisted operation. We have never been sorry. ln these instances the history of previous disease has been the deciding factor, and common sense has taught us to keep our hands oft a practically hopeless condition. In two patients in which we were called to perform an immediate abdom- inal exploration for the so-called acute abdomen, we obtained a history of sore throat and a long continued mucous diarrhea with some blood. Exam- ination of the abdomen showed a swollen abdomen with tender points along the colon, a liver which was enlarged. Rectal examination did not show any sign of growth. They were very Weak, sick patients. Further questioning into the history showed a habit of taking some form of amidopyrine. ln this type of case the blood count is essential, and in one instance showed 800 white blood cells to the cubic millimeter, and in the other, 1200. lt is unnecessary to state that both patients went on to the usual outcome of agranulocytosis with- out the helping hand of the surgeon. Any one over forty years of age with an anemia which cannot be ex- plained by the presence of any patent disease process deserves a thorough One hundred eighty five x-ray examination, but even in these cases a careful history will discover the slow onset of vague symptoms gradually becoming localized in the favorable points for new growth, such as the stomach, the hepatic, splenic and sigmoid flexures of the colon and rectum. Some cases have been easily diagnosed by the introduction of the gloved finger into the rectum, much to the chagrin of the attending physician. A nurse 60 years of age with a slowly increasing abdominal measurement received the benefit, so-called, of a complete gastro- intestinal x-ray series and a barium enema, with every type of laboratory ex- amination possible in a high class hospital, with no positive diagnosticpoint except in a negative way. A rectal examination revealed multiple pelvic nodules. An abdominal tap demonstrated bloody fluid. Neither of these pro- cedures were costly but both were diagnostic not only as to the region and extent of the disease, but also its operability, to say nothing of the economic waste and loss to the institution . An interesting point in the value of the history occurred many years ago. An elderly German woman presented a tumor in the region of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It was of slow growth with very little discomfort except by pressure. All the laboratory tests and x-rays were done with no result except to demonstrate that it did not involve the intestinal tract. One of the junior attendants on the medical side, who had that inquiring mind which is so frequently valuable in a practical way, asked the old lady if she had ever had any pet dogs. She said she had a little skye terrier of which she was very fond., He then asked her if she ever kissed this dog and she said she did. He said My diagnosis is ecchinococcus cyst of the liver, and it was. The diagnosis of surgical conditions in childhood is one that taxes the ingenuity of the clinician. lt is a great aid to obtain the history from the parents, but be sure that it is a correct one. A young girl about 10 years of age, a Porto-Rican, was admitted to the Flower-Fifth Avenue Hospital with a pain in the left side in the region of the kidney. She gave a history of being operated on in Porto Rico several months previous, as she said, for a stone. Physical examination and laboratory tests were all negative, although the genito-urinary department was not quite sure, leaving themselves a little on the fence as to whether there was really any ureteral pathology or not. The scar was present in the kidney region. We have always felt that if time per- mits, before doing any surgical procedure, it is wise to find out what the other fellow did. In this instance we wrote to the Governor of Porto Rico, who is an old friend of ours, and he reported back through their hospital that the girl had fallen and hit against a stone in the left loin, causing a severe wound. This was operated upon in their hospital. We have just been through a serious influenza epidemic. During this epidemic We were called to the hospital to see a young woman who had an operation about a year previous with the removal of the right tube for an extra-uterine pregnancy. Her health had been good, with this exception, up One hundred eighty-six until a Week ago, when she had a bad cold of the influenzal type, followed by a diarrhoea. She never really got over this. The evening before she entered the hospital her temperature went to 103, with considerable abdominal pain and tenderness all over the abdomen, but without any nausea. The diarrhoea still continued. Physical examination showed a well nourished woman with a cold, a sore throat, and some cough. The abdomen was distended. Palpa- tion showed tender points over a good deal of the abdomen, more down the left side. Vaginal examination showed some tenderness towards the left fornix. Rectal examination showed a thickening in the cul de sac but the point of greatest tenderness ran up towards the left kidney. Palpation of the kidney itself did not give any pain. The pain shaded off towards the umbil- icus, where it lost its intensity. We felt that this was one of those rare cases of influenzal colitis with some peritoneal involvement, and we advised against operation. The attending physician had made a diagnosis of abdominal ab- scess because the temperature was 103 and the blood count was 22,000 white cells, with 93? polys. The use of colonics, diathermy and the indicated remedy, which in this case was belladonna, followed later by bryonia, finally cleared the entire condition. In these influenzal cases, we frequently find that after the chest condition has disappeared the process has gone to the abdomenp the abdomen will clear up and then there will be an involvement of the appendix with the characteristic physical signs. Then we feel justified in making a diagnosis of appendicitis and advising operation. Sometimes these influenzal conditions will gravitate towards the cul de sac postperitoneally, in the cellular tissue, and then we will have increasing signs of thickening around the rectum: finally with a large mass and fluctuation. Then we can make a diagnosis of abscess, and use the proper surgical procedure. Sometimes these influenzal conditions will form small cellular infiltrates in and around the loops of the small intestine, but they will easily respond to diathermy and remedies, and it is much safer to treat them this way. In elderly people, as the tissues lose their elasticity, diverticuli that have been in existence for some time will become filled, especially along the sig- moid and descending colon. When there is a tender spot along this region with the evidences of an increasing inflammatory area, a tentative diagnosis can be made. In this instance a previous x-ray is of great value. Of course, surgery is only indicated when the abscess is ripe for incision and drainage. Rarely do they rupture into the general peritoneal cavity. In all diagnoses, especially for surgical conditions, positive signs are of more value than negative. Our special senses are of the greatest value, and we must not neglect any of them. If this rather rambling discourse has served to direct your minds towards the use of instruments which we have always with us, the special senses, eyes, nose, fingers, ears, instead of trying to make short cuts which are often misleading and costly, I will feel that my writing has not been spent in vain. One hundred eighty seven . . ANIID SUDDEN DEATH . . tWith Apologies to I. C. Furnasl MANY of you perhaps have read this stirring article by I. C. Furnas. He points out, quite plainly, how one places one's life in jeopardy every time he steps into an automobile. However, were Mr. Furnas aware of the plight of younger brothers of future medicos, I am sure he would be moved to write another blood-chilling article. Until then I'll try to pinch hit for him. Did any of you, when stepping out of a doctor's office, have a feeling that you are already on the road to recovery? Little do you realize that you have just profited by some other person's pain and discomfort tprobably the young- er brother of the doctorl. I don't suppose you realize what a Human Guinea Pig suffers during his brother's four year stay in a medical school. What with pill boxes full of arsenic, mercury, strychnine, et al. what with whole kits full of scalpels, scissors, and other such bric-a-brac, what with microscopes -yes, you never thought that a microscope could be an instrument of torture. Well, anyway, its an accessory to a crime, for it's used to count bloodl Yes blood, human blood, MY bloodl First I'm iabbed or slashed with a sharp razor edged implement and some of my blood Cabout a quartl is put on a glass plate and scrutinized. Something goes wrong and the plate is thrown out, and again I'm required to donate more blood-huh, what's a few quarts of blood to a doctor tespecially if it isn't his ownl. No doubt you've read about ,the aftermath of some of these automobile accidents. People lying about with broken bones, crushed bodies, amputated limbs, and internal injuries: but I still insist that they get off easier than we poor Human Guinea Pigs because they sometimes die, but we're not allowed to die, we're nursed back to health l?l. Each time we're allowed to go a little nearer to death and then nursed back to health again. I sometimes think that they have the same idea that Louis Pasteur had when he developed his rabies treatment. Yes, I do believe that I'm being immunized against dying. After reading Mr. Furnas' article, only the last paragraph holds any terror for me because it pertains to my poor case. ........ Take a look at yourself as the man in the white jacket shakes his head over you, tells the boys with the stretcher not to bother, and turns away to somebody else who isn't quite dead yet. And then take it easy. Please, you future medicos, read that last paragraph again, very care- fully, especially the last five words, and think of us poor Human Guinea pigs. ARNOLD BAGNER From the Memoirs of a Future Doctor's Brother No. 4 Dec. 27, 1936 One hundred eighty-eight RECENT ADVANC ES IN MEDICINE By Ioseph F. Tedescop Nicholas A. Knox, Ir. DURING the past few years extensive and remarkable progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions which have hitherto presented obstacles to the medical profession. Since the majority of overworked medical students have neither time nor facilities to keep pace with these incessant changes, this article aims to merely acquaint the reader with a few of these innumerable contributions. ln the field of diagnosis the Frei test has been brought to the fore as a positive sign of lymphogranuloma inguinale. When an antigen made from sterile pus, or aspirated from previously unruptured abscesses, was injected intradermally a positive skin reaction was produced in patients who have had the disease in the past or are actively infected at the time. Satisfactory anti- gens are made at the present time by grinding infected glands and periglandu- lar tissue. Another condition which has presented diagnostic difficulties is Kala-Azar. It was previously thought that splenic puncture, with the demonstration of Leishman donavon bodies, was the only possible method of diagnosis. In the last few years various investigators have advanced the feasibility of precipita- tion of a pathological serum by iron peptonate. It has been definitely shown recently that the Takata test is not infallible in the diagnosis of liver pathology. The Ucko modification of the Takota test has recently gained favor since it has given more accurate results than the original method. I-Iodgkin's disease has presented diagnostic difficulties which may or may not be solved by the Gordon test. This test has not, as yet, been definitely proven to be correct in all cases. The procedure involves the injection of an extract of enlarged nodes twhich microscopically do not show the typical pic- ture of Hodgkins'l intracerebrally into rabbits. An encephalitic syndrome is produced when the nodes are involved by lymphogranulomatous changes. Various dyes have been used to demonstrate definite pathology in the kidneys. A new contribution has been made in the intravenous injection of Trypan Red. If any of the dye appears in the urine within 10 minutes there is an impairment of renal function. After using Trypan Pied, inject indigo car- rnine. Therefore, if the urine shows either an absence of indigo carmine or the presence of Trypan Pied, there is a definite lesion in the kidney. ln roentgenological diagnosis a new preparation, benzedrine sulphate, has been introduced which has been a great aid in facilitating the visualization of the gastro-intestinal tract when a barium meal has been taken. Previously it was practically impossible to obtain a clear picture of the entire tract when spasms, whether due to unpleasant emotion or organic disease of the gastro- One hundred eighty nine intestinal tract or due to a reflex spasm originating in a disease elsewhere, were present. Benzedrine sulphate is a sympathicomimetic drug which diminishes or 'abolishes gastro-intestinal spasms without interfering with normal peristalsis. If the barium meal Cor a barium enema? is not progress- ing as it should, due to a spasm, mild massage of the abdomen should be at- tempted. lf this does not give the desired result 30 mgms of the drug, taken orally, will alleviate the spasm within five to ten minutes. This effect is also useful in that it aids in the differentiation of a functional spasm from an organic one. As yet, only one objection has been forwarded against its' use, and that is the temporary elevation of blood pressure. This elevation varies from 20 to 50 mgmsfl-lg and is a definite contra-indication to the use of the drug in severe cardiac cases. Benzedrine sulphate has also proven of definite value as a therapeutic aid in spastic colitis and pyloric spasm. ' In the field of therapy, one of the most important contributions was intro- duced in the treatment of diabetes. Previously, the use of insulin was not without its faults, since either an overdosage or an underdose would disturb the metabolic equilibrium intensely, with a resultant fluctuation of the blood sugar. A new form of insulin was introduced which more closely approximated the normal continuous secretion of this hormone. Protamine insulinate was pro- claimed as the desired substitute since it is absorbed slowly, maintains the blood sugar at the desired level for twice the length of time that insulin alone does: thus decreasing the possibility of insulin shock. It is stable for a few weeks only, and should not be used after being kept over the specified time. Protamine insulinate does not really supplement insulin but serves as an adjunct to insulin. Both may be used together at different times of the day. Protamine insulinate is especially useful in cases which can not be controlled by insulin alone. ' . Pneumonia has presented numerous problems which have been solved by medical science. But until now, it has proven rather difficult to supply a pati- ent with a consolidated lung with sufficient oxygen. The use of nasal tubes and oxygen tents have been objected to because the alveoli are incapable of absorbing oxygen. Other channels are therefore necessary for the introduc- tion of oxygen. Recently the use of subcutaneous oxygen therapy has been utilized in pneumonia with favorable results. Oxygen introduced in this man- ner is readily absorbed with a relief of dyspnea and cyanosis. The patient's blood pressure soon rises While the viscosity of the blood decreases. Children are given fifty c. c. to 200 c. c. while adults can withstand 200 c. c. to 800 c. c. Recently several favorable reports have been made on the use of a high carbohydrate diet, in combination with insulin, in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver. Since this condition has been generally recognized as being hope- less, from the medical aspect, these favorable results should be only the spark to stimulate further investigations into the problem. Another condition which has defied medical treatment is migraine which has been justly called the enigma of medicine. The successful treatment of any condition is predicated upon a sound knowledge of its abnormal physio- logy and since practically nothing is known about migraine it is not surprising that its treatment is so devoid of success. Complete relief of a series of cases was recently reported through the utilization of ergotine tartrate. In recent years extensive research has been undertaken in an attempt to limit the occurrence of epidemics of poliomyelitis. The use of convalescent One hundred ninety serum for protection is still in a controversial state. Some investigators claim that no protection is given while others claim that very good results were ob- tained with whole blood. The use of serum in the pre-paralytic stage of the disease is also questioned by some observers. Brodie and Park have pre- pared an inactivated vaccine from a suspension of the spinal cords of monkeys injected with poliomyelitis. As yet, nothing definite can be said concerning the protection given to children until observations are made during an epide- mic. Kolrner has prepared an attenuated virus which may be too dangerous for use. A chemical method of applying protection to poliomyelitis was recom- mended by Olitsky and Cox. They have demonstrated in experiments, with monkeys and human volunteers, that sodium alum or tannic acid when drop- ped or sprayed into the nose acts as a shield against the disease by prevent- ing the causative virus from entering the body and reaching the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Another contribution in this field was the demonstration of the value of vitamin C in the treatment of poliomyelitis. Two recent contributions have been made in the treatment of hyper-ten- sion. One form of treatment involves the use of roentgen irradiation of the carotid sinus. A dose of fifty roentgen units is used, alternating sides with each treatment until three doses are applied on each side. All treatments should be given at intervals of three days. The use of sodium or potassium thiocyanate has been shown to relieve symptoms and reduce blood pressure. Some danger is attached to this form of treatment since the concentration of cyanates in the blood may reach a dangerous level. Of the two methods it appears that the use of irradiation offers a better form of treatment, with a minimum amount of discomfort to the patient. The use of various physical agents in therapeutics has been another fertile field for research. Only three of the innumerable contributions which have been made recently will be presented in this article. The first is the use of artificial fever in the treatment of gonorrheal ophthalmia. The patient is placed in a cellotex lined cabinet and exposed to ra-diant energy which is derived from carbon filament lamps placed over the eye to maintain a high temperature. During the treatment, which lasts twelve hours, at a tempera- ture of 41.50 C, the patient is given large amounts of fluid and mild sedatives. Favorable results have been abtained in all cases treated by the originator of the treatment. This treatment should not be instituted in patients, with cardio- vascular, renal or liver disease. Chronic varicose ulcers have been treated satisfactorily by acetyl-beta- methyl-choline chloride iontophoresis. Reinforced asbestos paper is satur- ated with a 0.5W solution and wrapped around the foot and leg as high as the knee, not touching the ulcerated area until a firm scab forms over it. A rnal- leable metal plate is then placed over the wet asbestos and connected to the positive pole of a galvanic machine. An inactive electrode is placed under the back. The current is turned on and off slowly, using 20-30 ma. The treatments last 20-30 minutes and are given two or three times weekly. This treatment does not require hospitalization and is rather safe. The intra-nasal ionization of zinc sulphate has given favorable results in the treatment of hay fever and vaso-motor rhinorrhea. One hundred nintey one The extensive use of roentgen rays may produce nausea or vomiting but this untoward effect can be easily controlled by the use of Zcc of liver extract intravenously or intramuscularly. Other studies, just as valuable as these have been made in physiotherapy but space does not permit the discussion of even of ,small amount of them. Acetyl-Beta-Methyl Choline has also been recommended in paroxysmal tachycardia which has not responded to other measures, in spastic types of peripheral vascular disease, and in post-operative abdominal pains. Its use is based on its muscarine effect and it has the added advantage of being ef- fective by mouth. The so-called muscarine effect consists of three actions: an inhibitory effect on the heart, a peripheral vaso-dilatation with accompanying' fall in blood pressue, and a stimulation of gastric and intestinal paralysis. Remarkable results have been obtained in the treatment of post-encephali- tic Parkinsonism by Italian workers. They have devised the Bulgarian Treatment which is based on the use of a SW decoction of atropa belladonna in white wine. Patients under fifteen years of age are given 5cc three times a day while those over fifteen are given l5cc doses. The patients are also en- couraged to utilize a hypo-toxic diet, a minimum of stimulants, and various orthopedic and gymnastic exercises. . Another important contribution has been made by foreign workers who have introduced a dye which is useful in the treatment of streptococcus in- fections. German investigators first studied the effects of prontosil, which is a bright red solution used hypodermically, and prontylin which is a tasteless white powder used orally. These chemicals do not kill streptococci, but merely check their growth and damage them, so that they become easily susceptible to the action of the white blood corpuscles. These chemicals are useless in patients very near death from the infection, since they must be allow- ed thirty-six hours to exert their influence, and the patients must have enough vitality to destroy the germs after the chemicals have checked the growth of the streptococci. The favorable results obtained to date warrants the careful use of prontosil in infections due to beta hemolytic streptococcus. Cobra toxin has been advanced as a possible substitute for morphine in the relief of pain due to an inoperable or relapsing carcinoma. This extract does not reduce the appetite or diminish normal defensive powers of the body. Cobra toxin is also useful in neuritis and neuritides. The proper dose must be determined for each case starting with O.5cc doses in the gluteal muscles every 3 days. ' The introduction of varostadin Clistidene monohydrochloridei was widely acclaimed by the medical profession as a cure for all gastric ulcers, but inten- sive investigations have shown that its benefits last only for six months. It may be helpful in chronic ulcer cases which do not respond to diet, alkalies and other medical treatments. Any discussion of the recent advances made by medical science could not be considered complete without any mention of the enormous amount of re- search being conducted in two very important fields of medicine, one the en- docrines and the other cancer. The amount of experimentation that has been done in these subjects in recent years has been so great that any attempt to valuate the results obtained would be foolhardy. Therefore, in closing this article reference to the proper literature is recommended since it would give more information than could possibly be derived from this resume. - l- One hundred ninety-two OUR' PROFS AYERS You'll find romance in medicine, if you look for it, so says this prof --but -doctor, we all can't be gynecologists. TRITSCH Look at those shades-too long for the windows: windows too long for the shades: sloDDY floors: dumb internes: etc. etc. etc. WI-IATA GUY. SAFFORD lust the man for a 9:00 A. M. Monday morning class. COCHEU p Broadway Lindsley -in a broad way this, in a broad way that: with a knee bend here and a knee bend there- STANFORD Can't understand how so fine a woman should want so very much to Bleed and Blind us. FIERRO and HOTCHKISS The supereducated Garbage folk. SCHMAHI.. Indifference personified. MACADAM Good old Wally-let's have another yarn. UPHAM HOUSE CHICK Tin-type Upham-Vim, Vigor, and Vitality. Headaches, sure you get headaches, you always get headaches, but what else do you get? -that's about all you gave us doctor .... . GRISWALD Swell fellow . . but how does he manage to keep from scaring the kids to death, that's what we would like to know . . . One of the very few men who can still recall his student days an-d treats us accordingly- BERKOVSKY FOBES The less said about this Master-Mind, the better. BINGHAM Scholar and gentleman . . . loved, respected and admired by all . . CI I'I1G1'1 CIIIIOIIQ' men. I had lunch with one of the Mayo brothers at the Ritz, and I said- Now see here Charley ...... SAMWORTH Listen, doc-that's quite a douche at 15-20 feet, with 10-60 pounds pres- sure, at atemperature of 45-125 degrees . . . don't you think . . . . . . RAISBECK Here today . . . gone tomorrow. IOHNSON Quick Watson, the pillow: what is this man-pediatrician or anaesthe- tician??? WILSON It's wise to do lots of bone-ing in order to avoid pulling any boners when studying for this prof's course . . . HETRICK An impressive ear-bender. MCGAVACK A little ray of 3X from California . . . no modalities. CALVERT We'll have him straight . . . no water on the side. One hundred ninety-three CONNUBIAL BLISS SUGGESTION Let me take you by the hand And lead you thru this life: I'd gladly be your guiding star If I didn't have a wife. ERROR I still might say our friendship can Be really quite platonic: But if you think that that is so You're really quite moronic. EPILOGUE Now once again I'm back at home With wife and kids galore, I wish I could re-live my life, I'd use my will rnuch more. ' GALLAGI-IER POST - PARTUM HEMORRHAGE Thirteen little ones she had This last one dead, and she lies too As cold as marble ever laid In bleak New England hills God have mercy on the twelve at home. VERBARG RETURN TO CONSCIOUSNESS FOLLOWING ANAESTHESIA One hundred ninety-four As from a distance voices reached me: Voices haunting, soft and vibrant. lndistinct they Were, yet eagerly I sought to understand their meaning- In vain. They sank again beneath The comprehension of my tired brain. Time held no importance. And later Pain seared my utmost depths, rocked me To unwanted consciousness. I Peered at figures clad in white, Blurred and hazy. Gradually My eyes were focussed, vision Cleared. My lips, parched and cracked, Were moistened with sweet nectar. My feverish brow was cooled With soothing lotions. I turned To thank this saint-but pain bored In and tore my soul: insensate Once again. A swift return to Consciousness augured well. Sleep, sleep O'erpowered rne. Exhausted, I slept. GALLAGHER THE WEST PAVILION By George G. Ornstein, M. D., F. A. C. P. Associate Professor of Medicine ABOUT fourteen years ago on a sleepy Sunday morning I kept an appoint- ment to visit the Metropolitan Hospital. The cross-town trip from the West to the East side seemed to take so long. The air was heavy because of hu- midity and fog, and I began to wonder why I had consented to visit the hos- pital When I could have had a whole morning in bed and taken a much-needed rest. Yes, why was I going to the Metropolitan Hospital-oh, yes-I remember --there was that intensely interesting person who ran the medical clinic on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons at the Old Vanderbilt Clinic on West fifty- ninth street. Had I not told him I had no time for any more Work? Had I not politely said that even if I were interested there was no time left for even an hour a week? What with the laboratory every morning and a clinic every afternoon and Monterfiore Hospital so far in the Bronx to visit every other day, I could not saddle myself with any more work. Somehow, I did agree to visit the place and here I was on my way to some Island in the East River. The Bronx was bad enough to get to-now an island in the East River. No, that surely was not the place for me. Now, why was Dr. Weil so intent on having me come there? Well, he did say that there were many tuberculosis patients in the hospital. What of it, there were tuberculosis cases in other hospitals, and if I visited all of them I certainly could never catch up with my much-needed sleep. This was certainly the last Sunday morning I was go- ing to waste visiting tuberculosis hospitals. The coach suddenly lurched and swung up First avenue. I soon found out I had taken the wrong cross-town bus, and leaving the bus decided I had better walk the rest of the distance, and quickly, if I were not to miss the terry. I walked briskly through the fog-laden streets and reached the ferry just in time to board it. What a dismal boat and, dear Lord, where could such an odd group of passengers have been collect? The boat almost reeked of cheap whiskey-such shabbiness-such bad-smelling people. Who were these peo- ple: where were they going? Suddenly I felt a hand grasp my arm and, startled, I whirled around to find my friend. Come up to the pilot's room with me, he said. We will have a little privacy. We walked up to the upper deck of the boat and the captain, a genial fat man, made us most comfortable. In Heaven's name where did that motley group come from and what are they doing on this boat? When Dr. Weil said that they were the help return- ing to duty, I decided I had seen enough of the Metropolitan Hospital. Dr. Weil read my thoughts and tried to reassure me. He said the doctors al- ways rode with the captain. Yes, I said to myself, ride with the captain, but what can one do while waiting for the boat? . Iust looking at these dere- licts was very depressing. I was told that because of high wages in those years only the worst specimens of mankind would work for thirty dollars a month with room and board, such as it was. I tried to peer through the fog, and I am grateful today that the group of depressing buildings was hidden from my sight. What with such people, a fog, a river, a dismal boat, I am certain I could not have withstood all at one time the prison-like group of buildings. With a lot of whistling and ringing of bells We finally crossed the One hundred ninety five river. Yes I was finally on the Island. Now I could understand. I had just remembered that it was Blackwell's Island. But Dr. Weil had not mentioned Blackwell's Island. I must be mistaken. Yes, Blackwell's Island had to do with prisons, and this was an island of hospitals and homes for the aged. I now remembered it was Welfare Island-certainly it was Welfare Island, a haven for the sick-no, not prisoners and Blackwell's Island. We had lcmded, and once again we must mix with these depressing peo- ple. We must get off the boat. We descended to the main deck. There was the gang-plank. Two boatmen were half carrying and dragging a drunk- ard across the gang-plank. They deposited him on the wharf and with evi- dence of relief returned to the boat. The drunkard swayed from side to side, he decided to walk-Heavens, he was walking toward the river-Oh, there he was going right into the waterl What a relief, he swayed backward and fell quickly on the dock. One of the boatmen muttered, Too bad he dicln't fall in, and a good riddance to a pest. ' What next! We are off the boat. Yes, there is a road-a good road. We turn right and walk past a large prison-like building. Haven't I made a mis- take? This building smacks so much of a prison, so much of Blackwell's Is- land, this could not be Welfare Island. What is this building? , I meekly ask in a thin voice, and Dr. Weil replies West Pavilion-male medicine-chronic male medicine. West Pavilion-West Pavilion-how little did I know how closely entwined I was to become with West Pavilion. The fog was lifting, and we were then before a small two-story dirty, yel- low-painted building, with small windows and peculiar-shaped doors, that seemed as they would be difficult to walk out of. Prison-like, I thought, and again in a weak voice I spoke to Dr. Weil, This building reminds me of a prison. And that's what it was, Dr. Weil replied, One of the old prisons for females, and it was converted into a hospital when the new prison was built on the other end of the Island. Hah, then it was Blackwell's Island after all. Blackwell's Island, prisons and prisons and hospitals and homes, now called Welfare Island. Certainly Welfare Island belied the name. Dr. Weil said it was more cheerful inside. But it was not more cheerful inside. Two floors of sick tuberculous women. Eighty women on narrow iron beds, coughing and spitting. I-low drab! How grey! Was this the way Knicker- bocker was taking care of the tuberculous sick? Certainly this was not what the immortal Trudeau had hoped for for the tubercular. I now knew why Dr. Weil had insisted on my visiting the Island, and I knew right there and then that I would journey day in and day out, year in and year out, west to east, across water to an island, yes, renamed Welfare but always sounding Black- well, the island of prisons, hospitals and homes. It was but a few days before the Medical Board said Welcome, stranger and did all in it's power to help. Within a short period of time the female tuberculosis service was reorganized and in a little over two years the male tuberculosis service was added. The Medical Board created a Department of Tuberculosis, and finally moved the whole department into the West Pavilion. The organization of the Department of Tuberculosis could not have been pos- sible were it not for a devoted small group of women under the leadership of Mrs. Redmond. Words can hardly describe their efforts to help relieve the sick. Their work these past fourteen years will always be an example and One hundred ninety-six model of how much good a group of women can accomplish in helping a less fortunate group of people. Not only have they given of their money but more important, their time. This brilliant, intelligent and sympathetic group of wo- men have given aid not only for the small necessities which are so necessary for the comfort of the patient, but have taken part in the development of the technical necessities, X-ray and bacteriological laboratories, and most import- ant, a social service department whose work, in my opinion, is better than in any other municipal hospital. This same group of women un-derstand the im- portance of education and have helped equally in the educational program of both nurses and physicians. The Department of Tuberculosis was certainly most fortunate in having this wonderful group of women to stimulate the staff to better and better work. Soon after the organization of the Department of Tuberculosis the medical staff was invited to teach tuberculosis to the undergraduate third and fourth year students of the New York Medical College and Flower Hospital. This association with the College has contributed much to the service. Nothing im' proves a medical service more than teaching. Students stimulate the teach- ers to keep abreast of advances in medicine. The staff becomes keener and the patients derive the benefit of the increased knowledge of medicine. The medical staff of the West Pavilion have been proud of the men who have passed through their department. They appreciate the interest and ef- forts of the students. Students rarely are aware of the sense of satisfaction the instructors have when they hear how well the boys and girls have served at other hospitals. The students of Flower have contributed more to the reputa- tion of the Department of Tuberculosis than any other source. They have brought and demonstrated the experience of the staff to hundreds of other medi- cal institutions. The medical staff is appreciative of their service in spreading the good reputation of the West Pavillion throughout the country. This West Pavilion has contributed much to the modern knowledge of tuberculosis. Year after year treatises on tuberculosis have come from this service and it is my opinion that the West Pavilion has been responsible for more stimulating discussions on pulmonary tuberculosis than any other similir institution. West Pavilion is really the mother of Sea View Hospital, for only five years ago the Commissioner of Hospitals persuaded and commissioned the medical staff to undertake the reorganization of what is probably the largest tuberculosis service in the United States. The success of Sea View Hospital is the success of the West Pavilion. You students now graduating I am sure will all have fond memories of the West Pavilion, the pavilion of the stethoscope. I am sure you will always re- member breath sounds. Pitch-yes, pitch-you will never forget. You will remember the chronic diseases the staff discussed with you. Some of these concepts may change, and the staff hopes you will always keep abreast of the modern concepts of disease. Most important, the staff hopes you will have a liberal attitude and an open mind in medicine, and that you will remember that horse sense has more to do with making a good -doctor than any other qual- ity. The staff bids you goodbye with good wishes for a happy and successful career in medicine. Always look upon the beloved West Pavilion as a healer and teacher. The West Pavilion will always be happy to have you visit her again. 'Now the Chronic Research Hospital One hundred ninety seven UNFINISHED sYMPHoNY BY WILLIAM L. EINHORN FOREW ORD YOU doctors of such vast experience would do well to reflect back upon the visit to your first patient. Perhaps then you will realize that, on the whole, your actions were quite' similar to those of this particular student . . . entirely excusable and attributable to a high degree of exhaltation associated with the realization of a goal within reach .... , Exactly seven days had passed since this student had completed the di- dactic part of his course in Physical Diagnosis . . . Seven-thirty, A. M. finds him freezing in the waiting room of the Municipal Ferry . . . decides it would be rather unprofessional to visit his first patient that early, so endeavors to make himself comfortable . . . He realizes that for the first time in some twenty-odd years, he has no books about his person. CED.-NOTE-Uribe lievablel which fact tends to make him disregard the hard bench . . . Glancing down at his overcoat pocket he notices the bright glare of stethoscope ear- pieces, so carefully fixed that but a wee bit protrudes, but enough, mind you, so that there can be no mistake as to the contents of that pocket. This fact ten-ds to make him disregard the cold . . . Carefully, he pulls his jacket to one side in order to make certain that thermometer and flashlight are well to the mesial side of his upper right vest pocket .... He rises, places his hand into his trouser pocket, and being assured that this maneuver will positively reveal the T and F, he buttons his coat and sits down ..,. by this time he closely ap- proximates satisfaction ....' N 'ow he decides to quickly scan over the ques- tions he was told to ask his patient CED.-NOTE-what's the use, he'll never re- member theml .... Finishing this, he has about three or four cigarettes, and then boards the ferry .... Arriving at the Island he takes a few deliberate steps towards the nearest building but stops short, removes his hat, an-d scatch- es his head, for it has just dawned upon him that the particular destination he had decided upon was only one of many buildings of a similiar kind .... Pushing the stethoscope way down and out of sight, he turns up his coat collar and walks back to the ticket collector KNOTE-he's playing the part of an or- dinary visitor now-how embarrassingl, and inquires as to the whereabouts of the ward he had been assigned to .... Having been satisfactorily directed, he turns down the collar of his coat, brings up the stethoscope and continues on his way .... If you are interested-any third year student is qualified to further en- lighten you. One hundred ninety-eight HEAALTI-IY SKEPTICISM BY JOHN ABAJIAN, 112. THE purpose of this paper is to consider briefly some technical difficulties which are inherent in investigations pertaining to medicine and its allied sciences. One is profoundly impressed with the deluge of literature concern- ing scientific investigations in all branches of medicine. On closer examina- tion of various articles in different journals, apparently diametrically opposed results and conclusons, pertaining to the same subject, often leaves one in Wonderment as to the accuracy of these different papers and conclusions. Therefore, in order that one may avoid the acceptance of scientifically unsound results and theories in his ordinary routine of medical reading, it is necessary to acquaint oneself with some of the loopholes and fundamental Weaknesses which are present in a goodly proportion of the medical writings of today. It is essential to realize that we can seldom attain the simplification of rela- tions which is possible to the physicist or the pure chemist, who has his ma- terial so well under control that he can carry out a crucial experiment so that with proper care his particular results can be repeated at the next trial either by himself or by some other Worker. However, in the fields of experimental physiology, biochemistry, infection immunity and the like such precision is be- yond our reach: and the only hope of immediate progress is to realize the limitations under which our investigations are carried out, and to make due allowances for the various sources of error. The first of these technical difficulties to be discussed is the consideration of just exactly how quantitative our methods of quantitative analysis of blood, urine, body metabolism etc. are? In consideration of this point one must realize that the personnel of the average hospital laboratory is made up of technicians who are forced to do not only all descriptions of Work, from serology to fine micro-analytical determinations, but also work on a basis of mass pro- duction. With all due respect to the excellent and conscientious laboratory technicians, they are as a rule without training in the purely theoretical as- pects of quantitative chemistry, which of course makes them more susceptible to the pitfalls of quantitative analysis. Another point to consider is the usual type or method of analysis, this being the colorimetric method which is more of- ten not specific in the chemical sense and open to greater limits of error. The above points are sufficient for thought, to say nothing of the much too frequent absence of routine duplicate analysis. The Writer recalls one instance in which the same specimen of blood was sent to three different hospitals labora- tories as a check on present day methods of routine cholesterol determinations and was only mildly surprised to find as much as 25 to 5O'hv differences in the reports. Another glaring error in this field is the usage of B. M. R. reports based on methods which utilize only oxygen consumption, and the assump- tion of a normal respiratory quotient of .82 for all patients. This may account for the many discrepancies between the clinical pictures and the B. M. R. One hundred ninety nine reports. This difficulty may be surmounted by utilization of methods which involve not only oxygen consumption but the carbon dioxide output: thus de- termining the actual R. Q. for each individual. As a point of constructive criticism more specialization among hospital laboratory technicians, more duplicate determinations and more frequent checks on our methods, is rec- ommended. A second source of error lies in the word statistics. Sir Francis Galton ill some 50 years ago expressed a very apt thought which can be best expressed in his actual Words. Some people hate the very name of statistics, but I find them full of beauty and interest. Whenever they are not brutalized, but delicately han- dled by the higher methods, and are warily interpreted, their power of dealing with complicated phenomena is extraordinary. They are the only tools by which an opening can be cut through the formidable thicket of difficulties that bar the path of those who persue the Science of Man. Thus when one makes the statement- There are liars, damn liars and statistics, the capacity of that individuals to deal with his material should be questioned and not the statistical method itself . To the clinical investigator and the laboratory worker who constantly deal with variables affected by a multiplicity of factors, a knowledge and understanding of certain fundamental statistical procedures is invaluable. It may be not amiss here to include a few notes which will enable the reader to realize the order'of magnitude of. the errors for which he must be prepared to make allowances for, and to understand the limitations as well as the uses, of the usual statistical criteria of significance. For example, in a consideration of a form of therapy such as routine digitalization of patients with lobar pneu- monia, one may express his results as xW: death rate in c number of control cases, and WZ: death rate in t number of treated patients. The question that now arises is the difference between xfk and yfk significance. The approach is as follows: the ratio of a particular difference to the standard deviation enables us to calculate, on certain assumptions, how often this difference would appear in the two groups under comparison if they were identical, that is statistically homogenous, in all relavent characteristics, and was the result solely of chance in the statistical sense. The method of determining the stand- ard deviation may be found in many treatises dealing with statistical methods of study such as in R. A. Fisher's C29 book. Thus if our observed difference is equal to about 2X3 of its own standard deviation it will likely as not that this difference might appear, even though our experimental procedure has been without influence on the results. However, if the difference is IW times as great as the standard deviation, the odds against it being due to errors of random sampling or chance becomes about 5 to l. When the ratio increases Two hundred to 2 to l the odds increase to about 22 to 1, and with a ratio of 3 to 1 the odds are about 400 to 1, etc. Thus by computing our observed difference with its standard deviation we can calculate the probability that it is real and not accidental, i. e. that it is statistically significant. As an approach to homo- geneity and heterogeneity of statistical groups one finds a good approach in the Chisquare test of homogeneity as employed by Eisenhart 131. An attempt has been made to expose some of the fundamental and glar- ing inaccuracies of research work, and the remedies necessary to effect a cure. There remains, yet, one conspicuous factor that, more than anything else, has been not only a hindrance-but an actual menace to the advance of Medicine. The greater part of American physicians were graduated from medical schools with a burning ambition to really practise the Art of Medicine, with the under- lying implication that they devoutly hoped to keep in touch with the modern theories in Medicine. Two outstanding methods of maintaining knowledge of new facts and new theories are the attendance at lectures, and the reading of medical literature. Unfortunately physicians in small towns do not have the opportunity of deriving first hand information from prominent lecturers, and many of the doctors in the larger cities fail to take advantage of their facilities. What remains? Medical journals become the only methods that the physician has to prevent inevitable decay. Were journals filled with the thoughtful research work of competent observers all would be well. But such is not the case. In the hundreds of journals published there is startlingly little of real scientific worth, remarkably little worth remembering or even consid- ering. Fortunate indeed is the author whose article is remembered after sev- eral years. Amidst all the gibberish and nonesenical articles written, the physician loses all confidence in learning, concludes that reading journals is a waste of time, and ends up by being just another physician. And who can blame him? His good intentions were blasted by bad literature. So, we are forced to conclude that not only must there be more accurate scientific articles, but there must also be a concomitant increase of articles of real scientific merit, and an abolition of much of the mess which now passes for modern developments of Medicine. Until medical journals have adopted such a program, of restricting articles, there must be eternal vigilance on the part of the doctor to protect himself against inaccurate conclusions drawn from faulty data, and there must also be a concerted campaign to force journals to publish only really scientific material so that Medicine will progress under the stimulus of real Physicians. References: ill Galton, 1889: Natural Inheritance CLondon and New Yorkl. 121 Fisher, 1934: Statistical Methods of Research Workers fLondonl. C31 Eisenhart, 1935: I. Sedimentery Petrology, 5:l37. Two hundred one AN EMB12 vos VIEW or HOMEOPATHY THE physician, who, after many years. of experience, has become well ac- quainted with the use of the similar principle in therapeutics, could hardly be expected to be materially influenced one way or the other, by the critical chirpings of one who is just emerging from the shell of the medical educational egg. Nevertheless, we of this new brood, have spent years in development, and naturally, have formed a few ideas relative to the past, present and future of that method of medical treatment that has been added to our knowledge . . . the similia. So you sages of homeopathic therapeutics, take these candid remarks, from an embryo, for what they are worth. The similia principle of drug action, from Hippocratic roots, through Hahne- manian budding to its present blossoming, has retained life because it con- tains and makes use of the basic action of all drugs. Anyone who takes advantage of his scientific knowledge and sincerely investigates the principle, could hardly fail to recognize the fundamental truths included therein. - Hippocrates noted two distinct modes of .drug action, and indelibly im- pressed those observations in medical thought. One was contrara, the other the similia. This was no vague dream of Hippocratesp it was evolved from an observant and thinking mind-a mind that was not afforded the advantages of modern science in investigating such complex and diametrically opposed effects. We are obliged to seriously consider and investigate the statements uttered by such a profound observer. Samuel Hahnemann was the next one to flare up the smouldering fire of similia .... many centuries later. Great changes had taken place in the interim. Scientific knowledge had developed markedly. The basic sciences were rapidly developing toward perfection. Proof of scientific discoveries were more easily obtainable. With these advantageous circumstances at hand, Samuel Hahnemann put forth his tenets. The reaction elicited from the medical minds of the day, was explosive and far-reaching. A revolution in science had begun: sides were taken. Hippocrates turned over in his grave. All great discoveries are startling, and homeopathy was no exception. At first, the natural results were profound. Physicians by the thousands promptly dropped their then used methods of treatment and became radical converts. Volumes were written on the subject. The most intense and laborious investi- gations were instituted, and homeopathy soared to heights of great repute. The enthusiasm displayed by some, was truly remarkable . . . One might say over-enthusiasm. I remember my father telling me of one noble convert who became very rabid on the subject of contaminated dilutions, and posi- tively forbade any drug salesman to enter his office for fear that the mere presence of one so tainted with numerous compounds, would ruin the doctor's pure drug armamentarium. All dealings of such nature were held in the hall outside the office. To this day, there are some hyper-enthusiasts who are just about one jump away from this ridiculousness. Some still hold the opinion that the action of homeopathic medicaments, is wholly spiritual! lt isn't chemical-it isn't psychical, and it isn't physical, stated one lecturer. These are the false thoughts we, as modern scientists, must wipe out in order to clear the path to systematic investigation and to facilitate the securing of irrefutable proof as to the true value of the method. We cannot argue our- selves right by a variety of logical contortions and sophisticationsu as one critic has written. The burden of obtaining scientific proof is at present weigh- ing heavily on the shoulders of a few men. Such ardent and caeable investi- gators as Boyd and McGavack are examples of this group. They deserve Two hundred two BY IOI-IN H. CRUMP high commendation and the unflinching support of all physicians concerned. We are living in a modern world. Great changes occur over night and most are for the betterment of living. The primitive dump-heap of vitalism and spiritualism, where all unexplained natural occurrences were disposed of, has all but been relegated to antiquity. We are administering material sub- stances to material living bodies. Let us work to our end with this thought in mind. lt is very apparent that at the present time there is a definite metamor- phosis taking place in Allopathy and Homeopathy. There seems to be a sort of transition of the two dominating types of thought into one all inclusive meth- od. It is a blending of the two into'a single and more rational system of therapy-a compromise, so to speak. Our most modern texts prove this point. The discovery of the fact that hyperthermia, within limits, is a defense mech- anism of the body in certain diseases, and that the use of physiologic Unfipy- retics is contra-indicated and harmful in these cases, is an example. The re- cent discovery that the sting of the bee is useful in certain types of arthritis is another example. There are many more instances that could be described relating to the so-called new discoveries suddenly found by the allopathic group in the past few years. The newness of these findings, gives the fol- lowers of Samuel Hahnemann an uncontrollable desire to smile in a manner of understanding and satisfaction. The only regret the homeopaths have is that these therapeutic principles disclosed and held by them, are not being recognized by the other school of thought, with due credit given where it is deserved. Absorption of our methods, covered by silence and new discoveries, seems to be the modern technique of the allopathic group in this so-called absorptive compromise. However, l cannot see a great deal of harm in this subtle mode of gaining a unification of the two methods. The ultimate aim of all physicians, is to re- store health and prevent illness. If we can accomplish a fraction of this end in our generation, it will be well worth the change at hand. But what roads shall we take to prove the truth of our system? What methods can we use to avail ourselves of the recognition We deserve? On the surface, this problem appears complex, but in reality it is not such a hard nut to crack. Keenly directed research: revision of old texts into modern style: running series of cases on the great multitude of patients available to us in our hospitals: investigation of the great mass of literature relating to industrial poisoning fobtainable in Washington, D. CJ .... and the ousting of those who triturate moonbeams. As stated before, a few progressive men are at present following this plan. But we cannot reach our goal by only the aid of this few. We need all of the new men and the aid of the older men who have revised their opinions to fit the new era. For one hundred and fifty years, homeopathy has held forth and influenced the medical mind. Herbert Spencer in his First Principles stated that noth- ing can be so wrong that there is no truth in it. Everything that occurs is based on some truth . . . some minute seed of fact. So does homeopathy con- tain truth . . . and abundant truth. The longevity of the similia bears out this statement. lt therefore becomes obvious that we must search the truths upon which this great method of treatment is based. We must glean from it, the definite values it affords us in the rational treatment of disease. Let us not lie down by the side of the road, and allow this precious man- ner of treatment to quietly pass into innocuous desuetude. Two hundred three 'r HAEC OLIN MEMINISSE ITVABIT TO REMEMBER THESE THINGS HEREAFTER WILL BE A PLEASURE u . 1. u ,, ., SENIOR 1936 SEPTEMBER 20: 23 27 OCTOBER 5 9 15 22 NOVEMBER 10 22 DECEMBER 3 10. 15 19 27 1937 IANUARY 5 8 12 15 23 FEBRUARY 7 15: Two hundred eight School convenes. Seniors resolve not to cut classes. Dr. Seward lectures. Seniors change their minds. Rohmer announces 10'k of Seniors will flunk. It looks as though the Seniors will have to study this year. Ethical culture courses start. Seniors protest-its not ethical to have lectures from 5 to 6. L. Rubin becomes rambunctious, and tells medical resident that we are wasting our time in medicine. Resident is sym- pathetic-feels Lenny should have realized that three years ago. Fleur-o-scope seeks contributions-Response: 5 Seniors, 3 Juniors, and 2 Sophs. Prospects look good. Seniors are joining political clubs. Seniors now assured of an interneship. Bisconti appoints dance committee. Rumor has it that the contract has already been signed. f Sheriff finalls runs DeNyse out of town. DeNyse seeks refuge in Mamoroneck. Zoller is puzzled: Who now pre- pares Don's lunch? Rohmer spreads rumor that Seniors must pass comprehen- sive exams to qualify for the Boards. Rohmer's life is threatened by distraught Seniors. Rose announces publication of his article in the I. A. M. A. on Phimosis with Metastases, Complicated by Fecoliths of the Circle of Willis. Iuniors rush to read it. lnterne appointments to Flower-Fifth Avenue published. Bisconti appointed by mistake. L. Rubin's bust of the late Dr. W. F . Honan is presented to the school. Oratory is a distinct bust. Gallagher and Garbarini hear Mascara is going to interne at St. Iohn's. Decide to go to Binghamton. Sam Cohen, the miracle man of the century: insists he was appointed to the Met on his scholastic record. Graham insists that Apha Sigma Tuxedo picture be in- serted in the Fleur-o-scope. Scala objects on the grounds it would be the only formal picture in the book. Alpha Sigs gang up on Scala-pictures inserted-Scala tears his hair. Dance Committee holds its first meeting. ls informed dance is to be held at Ritz-Carleton. Mascia demands an investi- gation. Seniors look handsome this week. Year Book pictures are being taken. The strain is terrific. Prexy announces dance is to be held on February 20th. Iuniors have their dance scheduled for February 20th. Seniors fervently pray that the Faculty will attend the lunior Dance. Fleur-o-scope holds staff meeting. Decide to eulogize Seniors rather than reveal the truth. Seniors heave a sigh of relief. It is rumored that Murray Re has finally consented to con- sider Interneship offers. Murry indignantly repudiates the base libel. Rohmer claims Seniors are not to have an Easter vacation. Seniors object-their year vacation is not formal, and they insist upon another legal holiday. HIG HLIGHTS 16 1 20 23 26 MARCH 10 15 21 22 25 APRIL 4 10 14 25 MAY l 12-15 22 29 Fleur-o-scope is now taking pictures of pathological cases for use in the Year Book. Many Seniors go into hiding. Seniors hold dinner-dance at Ritz-Carleton. Microscopic dinner, miniature dance floor, expensive liquor. Affair a huge success. First Class meeting after dance. Bisconti and Chinigo ab- sent. Mascia again demands an investigation. Giorgio is seen more and more at Fifth Avenue. Does any- body know why? Tramont decides to run the Fleur-o-scope. Scala objects. Riot results. G. Schwab, after drinking beer, diagnoses an R. O. P. in a male patient with ascites. Ricciardi claims Schwab is wrong --the patient, he insists, has twins. The advent of Spring finds Longworth speeding more and more rapidly to the college in the afternoon. For a dealer in negatives, he is very positive about some things. Chuck Basile has been asked to stick to Neurology. After his two weeks on Obs, the Met was quarantined. Basketball team beats Hahnernann. Philadelphia boys claimed they were poisoned by New York food. Ga.rbarini's hypnotic playing was not impressive. Rohmer still prostrated. One of his rumors proved true-the Seniors did not have an Easter vacation. Promises to stop spreading rumors-Rose threatens to keep the ball rolling. Mersheimer and Knox are frequently seen closeted with Burrett, Tramont, Lynch, et al. Any significance? Keefer interrupts bridge game to advise. Resolution is being signed. Seniors intend to ask Prexy when the annual Dinner-Dance is to be held. Prexy challenges Mascia to a duel. Social Notes: Epstein and Prisco are expected to merge most any day: Berger has replaced Arenson in the affections of the beauti- ful blonde: Fisher and Hoffman have separated: Ozarin has become a social luminary under Papp's benevolent l?1 tutelage: Verbarg still is unable to tear herself away from the devastating Tramonty and Gartner and De Philips are still seen together. Seniors realize Boards are due soon. Buy Blue Books to study--discover they have forgotten how. Zoller and Gesell celebrate May Day with the rest of the Nazis. Other Seniors in seclusion-give them six months more and they might be able to pass the Boards. National Boards: Dragutsky swoons, Stark shows up, Ozarin wastes away to a shadow. Prognosis on Seniors is excellent. Dragutsky is now only semi-comatose, Stark has disappeared, and Ozarin is put- ting on weight. Only a few days more, and the present Senior Class passes into oblivion. Tears and laughter, work and play-all epi- sodes in the building of a career. As internes new problems await us-we expect to take them in stride. Two hundred nine LEUR- -SCOPE 51 if CHARLES l. SCALA RALPH E. RICCIARDI FRANK I PRISCO T I-IE staff is not naive enough to harbor the thought that the l937 Fleur-O-Scope is the best the school has produced. It does believe however, that it has pointed the way for future improvements, and indicated just how much can really be accomplished when the staff is organized. The Faculty has been subjected to the critical assay of the students, and should the idea be continued future staffs will be overwhelmed by a multitude of libel suits. The photographs, depicting different activities, should have been labelled: the Seniors will not 'recognize the photomicrographs, and the Freshman will be unable to figure out the different techniques portrayed. For a consideration, the Staff will provide answers to all puzzling pictures-and students can then amaze the folks at home by the profundity of their learning. The literary sec- tion is an expression of the scientific and creative instincts of the students. While it may be topheavy with the medical we feel that other sections of the book provide enough of the lighter elements to balance. To the Staff, the Editor wishes to express his deep appreciation: Frank Prisco who could only write when in the moody the literary fecundity of Ed Gallagher who, however, could only write love poetry: the beautiful senior write-ups of Chinigo which had to be halved before they could be used, and the cutting sarcasm of Manocchio's pen. The amazing art department, where Ricciardi labored night and day to turn out a decent looking book-but insisted upon having his picture on every other page: where Lenny Rubin threatened to sue the Editor if a certain picture were used, and Hy Reinstein swore that if his drawings were not used, the book would be an artistic failure. The ef- ficient Business Staff where only Irv Katz knew what it was all about, but Zodikoff acted as though he did, and the work the Sophs did-because Zodi- koff was an executive and could not be bothered by fatiguing clerical work. We,have been so absorbed in the production of the book, that we are unable to evalute its worth. However, we believe that even the best of year books are rather rotten, We hope you will not agree with us. Two hundred ten ' 1937 ' EXECUTIVE STAFF Charles I. Scala ............,......................... 1 ...........,,,,.,,,.,., Editor-in-Chief Ralph E. Ricciardi .................... Art Editor and Production Manager Frank I. Prisco ............... ,.......................................,. L iterary Editor Edward I. Gallagher ..,.... ............,...,................, A ssociate Editor Irving Katz .,,.......................................................,..... Managing Editor Meyer Zodikoff ....,................................................... Business Manager ASSOCIATE STAFF Harry R. Chinigo .................. Assistant Editor Angelo C. Manocchio ,,..,,... Assistant Editor Leonard Rubin .............. Assistant Art Editor Herman Reinstein ....,... Assistant Art Editor William Einhorn .... ..... A ssistant Editor Alan Bagner ................ Assistant Editor CONTRIBUTING STAFF Seniors: M. Bottalico, S. Hoffman, F. Mascia, G. Schwab, N. Arenson, D. De Nyse, R. Gabler, L. Fisher, G. Mascara, L. Ozarin, L. Verbarg, W. Martin, Ir., N. Novalis, C. Taddeo. Iuniors: E. Gendel, S. Green. Sophomores: G. Mastelleone, I. Reilly, V. Spinnelli, V. Birss, M. Gottesman. Freshmen: I. Wechelblatt. FLEUR-O-SCOPE SCROLL Honorary Literary Society FACULTY MEMBERS Horace E. Ayers Anson H. Bingham Linn I. Boyd Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Israel S. Kleiner Dr. Lin-dsley F. Cocheu Dr. Walter G. Crump Dr. Walter E. I-Ialtman Charles McDowell Dr. Dr. Philip I. R. Schmahl Dr. Ieremiah T. Simonson ALUMNI MEMBERS Dr. William Beyer '27 Dr. Dr. Samuel E. Blatt '32 Dr. Frank A. R. Gallo '34 Dr. Henry T. Gaynin '31 Lawrence W. Buonocore '35 Dr. Henry Goldberg '33 Dr. Irwin l. Lubowe '30 Dr. Dr. Dr. Leon M. Simms '35 Louis A. Perillo '36 Robert N . Perlstein '24 Dr. William Colonnell '29 Dr. Albert Goodman '26 Dr. Samuel Damashek '34 Dr. Fred S. Grunwald '32 Dr. George I. Will '35 Dr. Milton M. Ehrlich '36 Dr. George Larkin '28 Dr. Michael Wishengrad '25 UNDERGRADUATE MEMBERS Charles I. Scala Frank I. Prisco Edward I. Gallagher KATZ ZODIKOFF GALLAGHER MANOCCHIO RUBIN REINSTEIN CZ-IINIGO RICCIARDI Two hundred eleven ONTIN SOCIET Honorary Scholastic Sooie Established In 1925 IN l925 a group of undergraduates met to form a society for the promotion of the higher ideals and tenets of Medicine. The name Co?1tin was selected after the Lctin continuetur Let it be carried on. At first its members were chosen from the unofficial highlights of the class. Later, a faculty committee presented a more official list of eligibles from which to choose. Finally, in l93O, it was decided to eliminate the personal element entirely and to select the new candidates on a basis of scholarship. The society now selects stu-dents in the upper ten percent of the class who are approved by a faculty committee and are then sub- ject to the unanimous consent of the undergraduate members. The higher five percent are elected in the 3rd year and they must maintain a B plus average to remain eligible: the re- maining five percent are chosen in the fourth year, thereby offering an opportunity to those students who do exceptionally well in the third year. The Society is very proud of its faculty members, honorably elected because of original research and other contributions toward the advancement of Medicine. Our Alumni body is quite active and has been helpful and kin-d to the undergraduate members. The activities of the Society during the College year usually consist of an Induction Ban- quet, a few open and closed discussions, The Contin Lecture, and lastly a farewell dinner to the graduating members. At the Induction Banquet, the new members are formally ac- cepted and a distinguished member of the Medical World is a guest speaker. The entire student body is invited to attend our open meetings This year, there were a series of lectures on How Should the Undergraduate Prepare Himself for Surgery , In- ternal Medicine , and Specialties . The annual Contin Lecture is also an open affair. A prominent scientist is selected to speak on his particular contribution. The outlook for the future, and this should especially interest the first and second year men, is very bright. The College has expanded rapidly during the last few years and con- tinued progress is in view. The Contin Society should and will keep pace. It has submitted a formal application for membership to the National Honorary Alpha Omega Alpha Frater- nity. It expects to be accepted as a chapter in the near future. MEMBERS SEN IORS Iules Berger Lucy Ozarin Louise Fischer Herman Heinstein Solomon Klotz Leonard Rubin Sidney Lipenholtz Irving Shiner Lydia Verbarg IUNIORS Meyer Golob Daniel Green Sidney Green Two hundred thirteen L P HA SlGtMA MEMBERS 1937 Iohn H. Crump lames T. Dodge Donald L. DeNyse Edward l. Gallagher Iohn G. Garbarini I. Douglas Giorgio Allan S. Graham Iohn L. Gutowski William L. I-leeve Edward W. Keefer Nicholas A. Knox Edmund F. Longworth William I. Martin Walter L. Mersheimer Anthony Noto Anthony l. Stalonas Philip A. Zoller 1938 PERHAPS, earlier than 1892, the need for a medical fraternity at the New York Medical College was recognized, but it was not until the class of 1895 was admitted that active work toward the achievement ot such a goal was instigated. After several preliminary meetings throughout the fall of 1892, a committee was appointed to determine the name and motto, and to draft a suitable constitution and by-laws. Shortly aiter, by the acceptance of the report, the Alpha Sigma Fraternity came into exist- ence. lt was not merely a social group: rather its prime purpose was that of a quiz group. Subsequently a distinctive emblem was ap- proved and plans for the continuance of the society were evolved. Of the original ten founders, three were per- haps more active in its birth than any of the others. These were Walter Gray Crump of New York City, E. Rodney Fiske of Brooklyn, N. Y., and Lucius L. Button ot Rochester, N. Y. The task these men assumed did not cease with graduation. Thus it was that by 1902 Alpha Sigma was a fraternity oi national scope with chapters in the following cities: New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, Cincinnati, Ann Arbor, San Francisco and Detroit. Later two Chicago chapters were established. Iarnes V. Giardina William P. Goergan lohn I. Hamley lohn B. Plass Russell R. Roberts Two hundred fourteen ESTABLISHED IN 1892 In October 1902 therefore, due to its evident need, the first register of Alpha Sigma ap- peared. lt was published and edited by Walter Edmond Nichols, then grand president of the fraternity. Although successful it never became a periodic publication. It was again published in 1910 and 1912, and finally in 1920. For one of two reasons these other chapters of Alpha Sigma gradually became inactive. Either the medical college was unable to weather the hectic years during the Great War, or else the alumni of these chapters failed to stimulate properly the interest of the under- graduate. At the New York Medical College, Alpha Sigma has not only kept the undergrad- uates interested in fraternity activities, but more than that, we have held our alumni in closer bond than many medical fraternities elsewhere. Meetings are held at the New York Athletic Club on the first Saturday of every month from October to May inclusive. Papers on medical topics are here discussed and matters of gen- eral fraternal interest are talked over. In ad- dition, the two annual formal dances of Alpha Sigma-one sponsored by the active chapter and the other by the alumni-serve further to solidify the union between Alpha Sigma men. - . . . fi it 1 1 MEMBERS 1939 Whitelaw Birss Andrew C. Botti Fred I. Clark Philip C. 1-lultenschmidt George K. Looser Robert V. Martin Eric I. Norrington Richard H. Stahl 1940 Stuart P. Barden Charles I. Bivona Warren I. Brady George W. Deyoe Henry R. Ennis Richard Gaillard Iohn A. Hamilton Hunter P. Harris Eugene I. Kennedy Francis I. Wixted Cyril V. Kimball Thomas K. Merwin Samuel B. Moore Iohn I. McQuade Robert T. Shipman Charles H. Thoms loseph A. Tyburczy Paul L. Wells Two hundred fifteen BETA BI-ICD Two hundred sixteen THE BETA BI-IO fraternity was organized in October, 1936. Its members are composed of students who are desirous of promoting fellowship and a broader medical outlook. Frankly, it is definitely determined that all of its members shall be good scholars, regular fellows, and gentlemen. Because of the youth of the fraternity, much time and effort has been expended in its organi- zation program. Shortly, it expects to become affiliated with a national medical fraternity. At present, there are twelve active members, whose co-operation and close friendship have formed a firm foundation for the expected rapid growth of the organization. It affords the bene- fits of friendship and affiliation with a national and highly honored fraternity. ESTABLISHED 1936 MEMBERS 1937 lohn B. Burrett Charles W. Stark Thomas Lynch Charles B. Tramoni 1938 lohn Lonq Lyman Spire 1939 Raymond T. MacFarlin Andrew Hicks 1940 Carl Borneman Roqer D. Sherman Charles W. Marsh Clifford I. Tichenor Two hundred seventeen DELTA SIGMA THETA Delta Sigma Theta . . . dedicated to toster traternalism, sportsmanship, and honor . . . regardless oi race, color or creed . . . to strengthen the allied scientific tields ot Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry. MEMBERS 1937 Angelo C. Manocchio Frank I. Prisco ' Gaetano Mascara Maurice Re Felix A. Pappalardi Charles I. Scala loseph M. Presti Paul R. Tornambe 1938 Louis D'AleCY Martin Putnoi William Einhorn Ioseph Teta Frederick Garfield Edward 'White Two hundred eighteen ESTABLISHED IN 1921 MEMBERS 1939 Michael Barone Dominic Carlisi Lawrence Casamas loseph Catania Rudolf D'Amato Arnold Gennarelli Abner Greene Rosario Gualtieri Anthony LaSala Gregory Majzlin Frank Romano Charles Ruvulo Vincent Spinelli Diodato Villamena Two hundred nineteen PHI ALPHA GAMMA Established in l894 GN March 25th, 1894, a group of seven students met in the Museum of the then New York Homeopathic Medical College to establish a medical fraternity with the definite intention of making such a fraternity a national organization. At that time, there were few medical fraternities of such a nature,-most of them being merely local or semi-local in scope. Many of these existed only for a short time and then passed into the limbo of the forgotten. The courage and vision of this group in the face of discouraging precedent kindled a fire which has continued to grow for -forty-three years in spite of the adverse storms to which any such organization must, of necessity, have been subjected in its earlier years. Their purpose was to unite, in a spirit of brotherhood, medical men having a common interest in their honest belief and understanding of the principles and practice of the Law of Similars. Hence their bequest and our heritage have grown through the years because of this spiritual bond which has ever been our guiding light,-despite the continual abolition of formal schools dedicated to the teachings of Hahnemann. Uudergraduate Chapters at first extended from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific coast. Since the decrease in the number of medical colleges and in particular those teaching Homeopathic Materia Medica, these have decreased in number to two Active Chapters-Alpha and Gamma. Following the tendency of the American Institute of Homeopathy to institute the teaching of the Law of Similars as a post-graduate study, Graduate Chapter charters were granted to groups in New York, Philadel- phia, Boston, Providence, Rochester, Syracuse, Buffalo, Ohio, Iowa, Chicago, Michigan, Pitts- burgh, Kansas City, and Los Angeles. In interfraternity circles Phi Alpha Gamma has been a member of the Inter-Medical Fra- ternity Conference since its organization and some of its brothers have served that body as chief executive more than once. It is the only fraternity of the Homeopathic School to be so signally honored. Among the more illustrious members of this fraternity We find written in undying letters across the pages of history the names of: F. A. Dearborn I. S. Maeder Wm. Tod. Helrnuth Bukk G. Carleton Gilbert K. Fitzpatrick It has been the policy of Alpha Chapter to bring together a group numerically and per- sonally so constituted that each individual may take an active and whole-hearted interest in the activities of the Undergraduate Chapter and, also, add something of individual value to our worthy group of Alumni Chapters. Two hundred twenty Iohn E. Annitto Peter V. O. Bisconti Henry Buermann Ioseph Lawrence Robert F. Morton Raymond F. Kiernan Robert D. McKay Iohn N. Code Ellsworth S. Deuel Robert T. Fielding Thomas Hartnett William A. Lynch S. Deane Hall Andrew E. Kedersha Henry P. Leis MEMBERS 1937 1938 1939 1940 lohn A. Mullen Nicholas A. Novalis Edward F. Rohmer Richard A. Rose Ioseph C. Messina Daniel I. O'Connell Iohn I. Reilly Louis S. Riccardi Charles E. Rosen George R. Santoro Leman W. Potter Iohn F. Schlecter Two hundred twenty on PHI DELTA EPSILON Two hundrel twenty-two THE Phi Delta Epsilon fraternity was founded at Cornell University in 1904 by the union of Alpha Delta Sigma and the original chapter of Phi Delta Epsilon at that institution. Since its founding the fraternity has grown rapidly until it reached its present status of being practically the largest meclical fraternity in the world. There are at present 54 under- graduate chapters and graduate clubs in almost every medical college in the United States, and in most of the large cities in the World. The Omicron Chapter, under the able guidance of its past few consuls, has become one of the more active and largest chapters in the fraternity. There are at present 29 members in the chapter. The scholarship of its members has always been of a high standard and its custom of initi- ating men only when they have succeeded in reaching the Sophomore year has helped them maintain this high standard. ln addition to scholastic attainments, the chapter has always taken an active part in the undergraduate activities of the College. Ber- nard Abramowitz is a Senator on the Student Council. Hy Reinstein is Vice President of the Senior Class and also a member of the Fleuro- scope Staff. Other members of the Fleuroscope staff are Al Bagner and Sam Mallinger. I-ly Reinstein and Sid Green are members of the Contin Society, which is the honorary scholastic fraternity. ESTABLISHED IN1 MEMBERS 1937 Samuel S. Cohen Samuel H. Mallinqer Mortimer Mann Herman Beinstein 1938 Harry Aaron Bernard Abramowitz Alan Baqner Sidney Baxt Malcolm Cohn Sidney Green Sidney Gurian Robert Hoeniq David Marcus Herbert Markheim Benjamin Shenker 1939 Sidney Cohen Frederick Dann Sidney Heller A. Charles Hoffman Alfred Lewis Nathan Mason Lawrence Pious Morgan Swirsky Harold Wadro 1940 Robert Barnet Howard Finklestein Lester Fox Saul Goldberq Howard Hoffman Mortimer Rubin Two hu ndred twenty-three 1937 Wilbur Bernstein Meyer Blick David Dragutsky Irving Katz Maurice Kay Eli Livingston Irving Shiner Two hundred twenty-four PI-II LAMBDA KAPPA MEMBERS 1938 Morris Cohen Bernard Rosen Myron Rubin M. Zodikofi Established in 1927 1939 Irving Behr Mortimer Gottesman Iacob L. Greif Charles I. Grubin Edward Isaacson Saul Kaye Harold L. Iellinek Herman Scheps EXACTLY ten years ago, fifteen students, drawn from the upper three classes of the college imbued by a spirit of friendship, mutual ideals and common interests decided to organize into a body which would perpetuate and further these tenets. As faculty advisors this group sought the assistance of Doctors Edward Barsky and Irving Busch, both of whom were mem- bers of the Department of Pathology, and who now are affiliated with Beth Israel Hospital, Aided and encouraged by the friendly advice of these men, the original fifteen founded the Sigma Lambda Psi Fraternity which was the realization of their need for an organized body wherein they could express similar interests. The basis for admission to the fraternity was founded on personality and scholarship. Each year it attracted the most -desirable of the in- coming medical students and now prides itself on their scholastic attainments. ln a few years the leaders of the group saw the advantages of affiliating with Q nqtienql fraternity which would uphold their ideals. Therefore in 1931, Sigma Ldmbdq Psi became the Alpha Mu Chapter of the Phi Lambda Kappa Fraternity, which is instituted to foster and main- tain among medical students and phYsicians a spirit of Fraternalism and of mutual aid and moral support: to promote and advance the concepts of the medical sciences: to instill and maintain in the hearts of its Fraters a love for, and a loyalty to, their Almq Meter and its idealsg and to inculcate such ideals as will result in actions Worthy of the highest precepts of human endeavor. To these ends Phi Lambda Kappa Fraternity is dedicated an-d each year imbues new pledges with this same burning spirit. l Two hundred twenty-five MEMBERS I THE DUNI-IAM CLUB THE Dunham Club is one of the outstanding medical organizations within our College group in the metropolitan area. lt is Well named in honor of Carroll Dunham. Carroll Dunham was a Dean of our College. In his day, when he wrote the science of therapeutics, he was unquestion- ably the most outstanding student of natural therapeutics of his time. Studious, purposeful, highly intelligent, he sensed and appreciated the law of the tissues in response to a deleterious invasion of a pathological process. He studiously analyzed the reparative methods of nature in the cure of disease, and the effects of medicinal substances in aiding nature to keep the processes of the body in that equilibrium known as health. He recorded his experiences, findings and deductions, in language clear, forceful and convincing. The Dunham Group, true to the traditions of our School, have fostered, built up and fearlessly protected the best interests of our Institution. At its monthly meetings, beside a fixed scientific program, it invariably discusses the policies and happenings of the College and our School in general. lts membership as depicted below, speaks eloquently of the quality of its make-up. In the past few years, death has depleted its membership by the untimely death of five of its very outstanding members: Dr. E. Rodney Fiske, Dr. George Parker Holden, Dr. I. Perry Seward, ' Dr. Ralph Alexander Stewart, and during the past few months, Dr. Dieffenbach, the great financial alumnus and outstanding physiotherapeutist of our group, who died suddenly of apoplexy. Earl H. Eaton Nathaniel Ives I. Wilford Allen Edwin S. Munson Walter G. Crump Ieremiah T. Simonson Bert B. Clark I. Ivemy Dowling Louis B. Kaufman William MacLean Milton Wilson Lindsley F. Cocheu Two hundred twenty six E. Wallace MacAdam Walter G. Crump, Ir. Eugene P. Roberts Iames Canders Clifford Hayner Samuel B. Moore Linn I. Boyd Wallace B. House Philip Schmahl H. Keith T. McCavack R. Turner HOMEOPATI-IIC SOCIETY THE modern aim of education is toward the creation of a school life that will closely approximate the living conditions under which the graduates will be required to live. But while the necessity of attaining this objective is taught at the higher centers of learning, there is very little of it reflected in actual classroom teaching. An outstanding in- dictment of medical education is the lack of correlation between class room didactics and every day practice. Tragic, but true, is the fact that graduating physicians do not know the modern developments of medicine, and are at an absolute loss to cope with the economics of office practice. To a limited extent hospital work is able to tie together the practical and the theory, but it is not enough. Reading of Journals may help to void the gap, but here the student has neither the time, nor the ability to select articles of value. Medical lectures, with prom- inent speakers and the resultant discussions, offer the student an admirable method of learning. The County Homoepathic Society offers us a splendid opportunity to advance our medical knowledge and to establish social contacts. It hol-ds monthly meetings, in our College Library, at which topics of general medical interest are very ably discussed. Speakers include most of the faculty members of our school, and prominent men from the outside. After the lectures and their discussions, collations are served, and informal groups of our professors discuss the ways of life. While primarily it is an organization of practicing physicians, students are always welcome to attend, and-incidentally-we are always given a hearty reception by our faculty members. Medical students are proverbially addicted to the extravagant use of midnight oil. But, even as students, we all realize that we can spare time for anything that will further our career. The monthly meetings of the County Homoeopathic Society offers this advancement. To the knowledge of modern medicine that we gain, there is offered the additional opportunity of learning the realities and difficulties of every- day practice, and also the chance to meet our Professors on a plane of equality. l l 1 Two hundred twenty seven AMERICAN MEDICAL STUDENTS ASSOCIATION E VEN though the medical student body is a constantly changing one, there is something more akin among them than is found among doctors. Medical student days are a tradition, a unique experience. It is not the carefree college chap we find here: it is a man with college behind him, bound down to an unyielding routine, who must discipline his mind and his behavior, and learn to take the indefinable and ruthless IT. Each one of us who has gone through this regimen can outline almost to the hour how any individual in an American medical school spends his days fand often, nightsl. Each knows what courses the freshman or sophomore is taking, and what rhmed doggerel he is learning in order to remember the disconnected facts. The very jokes that originate in the anatomy lab on one coast are heard within the year in the medical schools of the other coast. Thought and feeling in one medical school are duplicated in every other. The mould into which New York student's life fits is one to which the California student conforms. This is why the American Medical Students' Association has grown so rapidly, and why it must inevitably become a great and successful movement. This is why American medical education, now the best in the world, will at some time become ideal when we, the students, can make suggestions con- cerning curricular and extra-curricular activities, from the students viewpoint an almost ideal four years' experience. The aims of the American Medical Students' Association as expressed through its publications and conferences are as follows: l. To aid, through suggestion, demonstration and discussion in the task of the American Medical Association-that of regulating American medical education. 2. To reach a stand on the interpretation of an internship, on how it should be awarded, and to make available to all senior students a catalogue of the internships in the United States, which shall give more information than is now available in the educational number of the I. A. M. A. 3. To feel out and study the trends, direction, and perhaps of the medical profession, so that we may graduate from student-indealist to doctor-realist without the disillusioning shock which comes to those who sit in their offices and wait for patients, or find they must succumb to the temptation of unethical practice in order to pay their office rent. 4. To see, hear, speak, and drink with that Frosh from Tennessee and that Soph from Wyoming who know, as wel as we, how to remember easily the carpal bones. Flower Representatives: ill Louise Fischer C23 Thomas Lynch C37 Iohn Mullen Two hundred twenty-eight INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS COUR DAILY ACTIVITIES IN PICTUREJ PAGE PRE-CLINICAL CLINICAL HISTOLOGY BACTERIOLOGY PUBLIC HEALTH PATHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY PEDIATRICS MEDICINE OBSTETRICS ORTHOPEDICS NEUROLOGY DERMATOLOGY GENITO URINARY LITERARY DIVIDER Subject Van Slyke CO2 Combining Power Cystoscopy Spina Bifidia Ostetrical Poreceps Carcinoma of Pelvis CX-Rayl Lipiodol Injection CX-Rayl Osteosarcoma KX-Rayl Pneumothorax IX-Ray? Guniea Pig-nasal region Dorsal View-42 hour check Mitosis of Cells Anthrax Bacillus Ienner Vaccination Vesicle Calculus Carcinoma Anaplastic Endocarditis Basal Metabolism Test Eletrocardiograph Spina Bifidia, Bilateral Hernia Paralysis of Legs lSame infantl Hydrocephalus Marasmus Pneumothorax De Lee Stethoscope Post operative Incision for T B of spine Beck's Bismuth Paste injection into Psoas Abcess-migrating to primary focus in T B of Spine Skeletal Traction Unilateral Hemiatrophy Neurologic Contracture Cranioplasty Chronic Eczema Varicose Ulcer Rodent Ulcer lBasal cell Carcinomal Cystoscopy Colonial asepsis-hot oil! Frederick ll-first scientific congress St. Francis-branded by hot iron- a panacea for all ills. Egyptians-incantantions to drive away evil spirits Two hundred twenty-nine cl Directory ANSON H.-BINGHAM, M. D., E. A. C. S. Orthopedic Surgery and Fractures 51 E. 80th Street, N. Y. C. Endicott 2-3879 ARTHUR L. CHAMBERS, M. D., E. A. C. S., O 61 A. Chir. Ophthalmology 37 W. 72nd Street, N. Y. C. EORRIS E. CHICK, M. D. Pediatrics ' Trafalgar 7-4262 2325 University Avenue, Bronx, N. Y. Raymond 9-6600 EARL H. EATON, M. D., E. A. C. S. Surgery 40 East 61st Street, N. Y. C. Regent 4-1240 EARNEST R. EATON, M. D. Chronic arthtitis and allied diseased states 53 W. 83rd Street, N. Y. C. Trafalgar 7-4233 ISIDORE E. FIS1-IMAN, M. D. Ophthalmology 1018 E. l63rd Street, Bronx, N. Y. IOSEPH H. FOBES, M. D., F. A. C. S. Surgery and Gynecology 667 Madison Avenue, N. Y. C. CHARLES N. GELBER, M. D. Otology, Laryngology, Rhinology A lntervale 9-4600 Regent 4-4618 30 E. 40th Street, N. Y. C. Ashland 4-6288 MEYER GOLOB, M. D. Internal Medicine 118 W. 79th Street, N. Y. C. Susquehanna 7-3161 WALTER E. HALEMAN, M. D. Medicine and Surgery of the Genito-Urinary Organs 51 E. 80th Street, N. Y. C. Butterfield 8-9862 LOUIS RENE KAUEMAN, M. D., E. A. C. S. Surgery 57 W. 57th Street, N. Y. C. Eldorado 5-1151 d thirty Directory FRANCIS M. KERNAN, M. D. 55 E. 65tl'1 Street, N. Y. C. EDWIN R. LEVINE, M. D. 150 E. 93rd Street, N. Y. C. MAURICE MELTZER, M. D. Urology 10 Park Avenue, N. Y. C. EDWIN S. MUNSON, M. D. Diseases of the Eye Regent 4-1345 Sacramento 2-5956 Ashland 4-7800 133 E. 58th Street, N. Y. C. Plqze 3-5250 ROBERT POLLOCK, M. D. 160 West 73rd Street, N. Y. C. Trafalgar 7-2166 FREDERICK M. SEWARD, M. D. Neuropsychiatry Interpines, Goshen, N. Y. Goshen 117 SAMUEL A. TI-IOMPSON, M. D., E. A. C. S. Surgery 850 Park Avenue, N. Y. C. Rhine-lender 4-0343 ROY UPI-IAM, M. D., E. A. C. S. Gastroenterology 45 East 74th Street, N. Y. C. Butterfield 3-9392 ORLANDO R. VON BON NEWITZ, M. D. Diseases of the Rectum and Anus 876 Park Avenue, N. Y. C. LEONARD P. WERSI-IUB, M. D. Urology 667 Madison Avenue, N. Y. C. MILTON I. WILSON, M. D., F. A. C. S. Traumatic Surgery 1000 Park Avenue, N. Y. C. Butterfield 8-4889 Regent 4-3432 Butterfield 8-2343 Two hundred thirty- una N, H E 'Vx .. r. N' f 3 l 4- Compliments Of The DUNHAM CLUI3 FOUNDED 1893 Boericke SI Taiel Homeopathic Pharmacists and Publishers Established in 1835 A Century of Service New York Branch 109 WEST 48th STREET A MODERN MICROSCOPE for Rozzliue . and Reremfla 'ivr f f L' r at g Wee gli' it s gilt .. Designed for comfort of the operator . . . All motion heads conveniently locatecl below the stage . . . Hands and arms rest comfortably on the working table during all manipulations . . . Vibration, due to tired arms, is eliminated . . . Instrument height and tube inclination permit the observer to assume a restful position . . . Deeply recessed limb facilitates the investigation of large objects . . . W1'ite for catalog . . . Micro 431. CARL ZEISS, Inc.. 485 Fif+h Ave.. N. Y. 728 South Hill Street, Los Angeles Psoriasis Unguentum Merrol, containing ZW I-Iydrarg Dijodoparaphenolsuphonate, ol. Olivar. 10W Lanolin and Vaselin aa. This ointment gives the most satisfactory results in the treatment of Psoriasis. The action is so prompt that we safely call Unguentum Merrol a real specific remedy for this so called incurable skin disease. Sulophen, a specific remedy in Sinus and Antrum infections, Nasal Catarrh, Ozaena, Tosillitis and Laryngitis. The therapeutic action is so rapid that within a few hours the patient is free from all pain and discomfort. Mmzufurlured and Dim'ibuled by WESTCHESTER LABORATORIES. Inc. Port Chester, New York Tel. Port Chester 1856 and 3050 LITERATURE ON REQUEST EAST SIDE PONTIAC CO., Inc. 1155 FIRST AVENUE At 63rd Street NEW YORK CITY O Regent 4-4500 Est. 1898 EN LIGI-ITEN ED SELF -IN TE REST prompts many physicians to specify MEAD PRODUCTSRF First, because they are good reliable products, skilfully made for their specialized uses. Second, because Mead john- son 84 Company believe in and faithfully prac- tise the principles that redound to the medical professions own interest, for example: flj Mead products are never advertised nor radio- broadcast to the laity, f2J Mead Pr0duCfS carry no dosage directions on or in packagC'S, UQ Mead johnson 8: Company supply no cir- culars to druggists to be handed to patients. C42 Mead johnson 8: Company do not hire space in drug store windows for displaying Mead Products to the public, Q51 Mead john- son Bz Company do not circularize new mothers via birth lists, Q61 Mead johnson 8: Company refer all inquiries for medical information from the public to the family physician. When more physicians specify MEAD'S more babies will be fed by medical men. It is interesting to note that a fair average of the length of time an infant receives Dextri- Maltosc is live months: That these hve months are the most critical of the baby's life: That the difference in cost to the mother be- tween Dextri-Maltose and the very cheapest carbohydrate at most is only 56 for this entire period-a few cents a day: That, in the end, it costs the mother less to employ regular medical attendance for her baby than to at- tempt to do her own feeding, which in numer- ous cases leads to a seriously sick baby event- ually requiring the most costly medical at- tendance. MEAD IOHNSON 6. COMPANY, Evansville, Indiana, U. S. A. 'Dextrl-Maltose Nos. 1, 2 and 3: Dextri-Maltose with Vitamin B: Mead's Viosterol in Oil: Mead's Viosterol in Halibut Liver Oll, fliquid and capsulesl: Mead's Cod Liver Oil with Viosterol: Mead's Brewers Yeast ttablets and powderb: Casec. Recolac. 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A. 0 Production of distinctive printing depends upon the masterful handling of such technicalities as layout, - artwork, make-ready,' and presswork, and also upon the selection of proper ink, paper and binding. 0 Consistently good print- ing has made the Colyer organization the first and last choice ofthe lead- ing schools and colleges. OLYER PRINTING COMPANY SUSSEX AVENUE AND DEY STREET - NEWARK . NEW JERSEY HUmbo1dt3-4150-51 . LARGEST PRINTERS OF YEAR BooKs IN THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To the following the editorial staff Wishes to express its gratitude cmd indebtedness for their invaluable aid in the creation of the 1937 Fleur-O-Scope: V DEAN CLAUDE A. BURRETT DR. LINDSLEY F. COCHEU MISS CASSANDRA YOHANNAN DR. CHRISTIAN SCHERF-Superintendent of Metropolitan Hospital. DR. RANDOLPH WYMAN-Assistant Superintendent of Met- ropolitan Hospital , MR. GEORGE COWAN MR. CHRISTOPHER TRITSCH MR. GERSHAW of Arthur Studios MISS TURK of Arthur Studios MR. KANTOR of Majestic Engraving Co. MR. ED REISMAN of Colyer Printing Co. TO THE YEAR BOOK CONTRIBUTORS