Medical College of Pennsylvania - Iatrian Yearbook (Philadelphia, PA)

Text from Pages 1 - 206 of the 1911 volume:

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K . 1 .2 . ,.-'- , .Q ,Q A 44 ', Hi-1' . -,A , L, ' ' I -:ldrighl , qglf. y 1 ff .' ,.L FH' -1 'nf' Y ,o5v Lf ,..! , L- r'9 ' . 4 Q 'vfa Q-gl - . ,. gfes.-, ,AH 'Inf . .r-is ., 'fl Fifi' 'll' n' r . ' .- :wp 4' v ,. v 5 . D '- . U J I .' , f,' - L- N . ' ., ,.k-A!.'e 4n'u Q'ub , gl2,Vf!,'. n 1 1 I .1 f ' hm'-V ' xl ! Q .-Q .41 . V I' 'xl.2 , .. . R11-'b. . L1 L .4 .1'i 0-QU A I 1 1 XX Q If yf'fN NN ff ff X f f,, 4 f ' 1 xx ' xx , ' Xu! g O O X f , 'X 2767 . 'Q '5 :'y -V . 4 wg. ff 3, 1 an . delEghS raw? 1 7 1 1 ,I 5 091111111 Frontispiect Contents .... Staff ........ .... Foreword ......... Acknowledgment .... Dedication ........ Oath of Hippocratcs . Faculty ......... In Memoriam ......... Teaching Staff .......... History of the College ..... Course of Instruction .... Leaving Maternity ............ Medical Colleges for Wmnen .. To the Class of 1911 ....... Seniors' Roll ........ Poem to 1911 ..... History of 1911 ...... Prophecy to IOII .... XVill of 1911 ...... Juniors ......... Sophomores ..... Freshmen ......... Our College Life ........... Calendar from 1910 to 1911 Hail, Alma Mater! ....... Clubs and Organizations ....... The Scalpel at Work ........... Records of W. M. C. Pl'l0I10gl'IlDh The Great and the Near Great .. Dr. Stevens' Quiz ............ Folly of the lVise ...... lVl1ys and Other NVl1vs ln XVant of an l11tr111l11c1io11 . Him ....... . .......... . Farewell ............ . . Advertisements .. . . .. .-..... PAGE 1 . 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 . 6 . 8 9 zo 22 28 37 47 48 55 58 75 76 87 02 95 101 105 111 125 128 129 149 161 165 170 172 175 176 177 183 186 --5-R 'QQ Qui --. I TI ff -. yffyfl .-, X X YYY 7 YY A447 ixlvrvavuh V sms? ,XS-'?6XX 'ig . C - XxXx ' 9, . X .N g by 53 3 E j s LQ 2 'f J F5 5 gg 5 :Tl Xhgwk-:J E 'fa if 2 L11 S5 f YQ 'S gg S SX LJ N 2 Z 4 XX :E ui CQ fc 111 2 S 3' V-5 E if Q Q E 21 fu as C5 CQ h . z U gf fc fa ca 2 U UUJUU L33 I-4 z jjj 2 z I E ' Z Nm CJ g-4 D 5-'J 51 H 7+ 2 Q 'C H 5 CU A U X-,V f XXX-Xx x . X X x s 'T-N SJ p4p, an o ' svusxsy ' x X f ll Pllllll' N presenting the first volume of The Scalpel, the Staff expresses its appre- ciation for all aid received from the faculty, graduates, friends, student-body and last but not least, the Class of 1911. We have endeavored to make The Scalpel worthy of our Alma Mater and worthy of the love and interest of all its readers. The difficulties encountered have been numerous, but we shall con- sider all efforts fruitful, if you will receive the book in the same spirit with which we hand it to you. May this first volume be a fairllfore- runner of The Scalpel as an annual through centuries. il-'HE STAFF. 4 I l Arknnmlvhgmvnt In addition to the members of the Class of IQII, we wish to thank the following persons for valuable assist- ance in the preparation of this book: Zllarnltg Ahninnrg Gnmmittrv- HENRY LEFFMANN, M.D. ALICE VVELD TALEANT, MD. gXRTHUR A. STEVENS, M.D. Zllnr ilitzrarg Olnnirihutimua- CLARA BIARSHALL, M.D. FREDERICK P. HENRX', BLD. ALICE VVELD TAL1,1xN'r, M.D. FRANCES P. MANSIIII', A.B. Int Art Qlnntrihutinnn- Mlss INIARY E. VVAIDELICH. Mlss DIARY BIINTHORN. MR. E. S. BIORRIS. Mlss RIARY SPRECHER. M1ss LOTTIE IQANTNER. .ill 5 Eu nur Alma illllatrr Gln ther, fnuntain inf mtahnm, inapiratinn. aah ihealg tn thee, hanrn nf all nnhlr aims, this Brat nnlnmr nf Eh: Bralprl in hrhirateh as a tentimnng uf nur Inns anh gratttuhr. 6 .. ,ga I I 417' A F? A F' H glilh J?-Q 1 ' s I 1 15' 'a .wi -l .- 1 i-lu p ir, X, v, K wg Z ,.- -. . w , L ...L 4 . . we BUILDING hlA1N HE T Ghatb of ibtppurrates 31 smear by Apollo, the physician, by mscuiapius, by Hygeia, by Panacea, and by all the gods and goddesses, calling them to witness that according to my ability and judgment I will in every particular keep this, my oath and covenant: To regard him who teaches this art equally with my parents, to share my substance, and, if he be in need, to relieve his necessities, to regard his offspring equally with my brethren, and to teach his art if they wish to learn it, without fee or stipulation, to impart a knowledge Ly precept, by lecture, and by every other mode of instruction to my sons, to the sons of my teacher, and to pupils who are bound by stipula- tion and oath, according to the law of medicine, but no other. SI will U52 that regimen which, according to my ability and judgment, shall be for the welfare of the sick, and I will refrain from that which shall be baneful and injurious. If any shall ask of me a drug to produce death, I will not give it, nor will I suggest such counsel. In like manner I will not give to a woman a destructive pessary. Ulffhh Dlllffty and holiness will I watch closely all my life and my art. I will not cut a person who is suffering from a stone, but will give way to those who are practitioners in that work. Into whatever houses I shall enter, I will go to aid the sick, ahstaining from every voluntary act of injustice and corrup- tion, and from lasciviousness with women or men-free or slaves. ' UZIIDHWIJZU in the life of men, I shall see or hear, in my prac- tice or without my practice, which should not be made public, this will I hold in silence, believing that such things should not be spoken. While I keep this, my oath, inviolate .md unbroken, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and my art, forever honored by all men, but should I by transgression violate it, be mine the reverse. 8' be jfarultp Sirrangell in other of Siccessinn tu iDfficz 9 CI..xR.x 1l.xksH.xLI., KID. Emeritus Professor of Materia .llva'ica und Tlierapcutics and Dean of the College. Dr. Clara Marshall having linished her preparatory studies, graduated from the XVoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1875. From 1876 to I906, she was Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and she has been Dean of the College since 1888. In addition to these, she has held high oflices in various other medical institutions and organizations. She is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia, the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania. and the American Medical Association, and a prominent member ot' numerous non- medical organizations. IO lslizxuv LEFFMANN, AN., MD., D.D.S. Professor of Clzemistry, To.r1'c0I0gy and Hygiene. Dr. Henry Leffmann was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and his prelim- inary education was acquired in the public schools of the same city. He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from Jefferson Medical College in 1869, and in 1884 the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery graduated him with the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. After graduating in medicine, he specialized in Medical Chemistry, Toxicology and food analysis. He was Port Physician in Philadelphia from 1884 to 1887 and again from ISQI to 1892. In addition to several high offices, Dr. Leffmann has been Professor of Chemistry in the NVoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania since 1888 and Professor of Chemistry to the 'Wagner Free Institute of Science since 1872. His contributions to scientiiic literature are numerous, including papers and text-books. He was President of the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia in IQOIQ Vice-Presi- dent of the British Society of Public Analysis 1901 and 1902, President of the Philadelphia County Medical Society in IQIOQ and is a prominent member of several organizations, both medical and non-medical. II FREDERICK PURTIOUS HENRY, M.D. Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine. . Dr. Frederick Portious Henry was born in Middlesex County, New Jersey. His preliminary education was acquired in the private schools of Mobile, Alla.: Cranbury, N. 1.5 New York, Brooklyng Dresden, Germanyg Tours, Franceg and in Princeton University. In the year of 1868 he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. From 1877 to 1879 Dr. Henry was Treasurer of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, and was President of the same from 1887 to 1888. During the years from 1881 to 1909 he was Censor of the Philadelphia County Medical Society and was President of the same in 1909. He has been Honorary Librarian of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia since 18903 Physician to the Episcopal Hospital, 1874-18885 Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital since 18889 Physician to the ,lefierson College Hospital, 1888 to 1892. At present he is the Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Honorary Librarian of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital and Consulting Physician to the VVoman's Hospital of Philadelphia. Fellow of College of Physicians, Member of Philadelphia County Medical Society, American Medical Association, Association of American Physicians, Corres- ponding Member of the Royal Medical Academy of Rome, Overseas Member of Authors' Club, London, England. Editor of the Seventh Edition, Flint's Practice of Medicineg of the Standard History of the Medical Profession of Philadelphia. 13973 of the Founders' Week Memorial Volume, 1909. Besides these books he makes frequent contributions to numerous medical jour- nals, both American and European, and his works have greatly enriched medical literature. I2 ARTHUR ALBERT STEVENS, A.M., M.D. Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine. Dr. Arthur A. Stevens was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His preliminary education was acquired in the Central High School of his native city and the University of Pennsylvania. F rom the latter institution he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1886. The following year was spent as interne in the Philadelphia General Hospital. Post-graduate courses were taken in the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Vienna and the London Post-graduate School. Dr. Stevens has held the position of Professor of Pathology in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Lecturer on Physical Diagnosis, University of Pennsylvaniag Editor of University Medical Magazine. At present he holds the Professorship of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvaniag he is a Lecturer in Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania: Physician to the Episcopal Hospital and St. Agnes' Hospital, and Assistant Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital. He is a member of the American Medical Association, Philadelphia County Medical Society, Philadelphia Pediatric Society, Philadelphia Pathological Society, and a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Among his numerous contributions to the medical literature, A Manual of the Practice of Medicine, Modern Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Diseases of Circulatory System in the American Text-book of Pathology, stand out as most prominent in the world of science. I3 ADELJNIDE Wann PECKHAM, MD. Professor of Bacteriology. Dr. Adelaide XV:ird Peckham acquired her preliminary education in private schools of Connecticut and Brooklyn, New York. She received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the XVoman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary in 1886 and from the XVoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1902. After graduation she worked for six years in the Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Pennsylvania, and took a special course in Pathology and Clinical Diagnosis in Johns Hopkins University. She is the Professor of Bacteriology in the XVoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania and has been until very recently the Director of the Clinical Labora- tory of the XVoman's Hospital of Philadelphia. She has contributed to science experimental studies. Her work on the influence of the environment upon the biological process of the various members of the Colon group of bacilli and on a case of erysipelas genitalium due to the use of infected ointment has been a great addition to the present-day knowledge of bacteriology. ll ELLA B. EYERITT, A.M., M.D. Professor of Gynaecology. Dr. Ella B. Everitt was born at Danville, Pennsylvania. After attending the public schools of her native town, she entered Wilson College for VVomen, from which she was graduated in 1888 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the autumn of the same year she began the study of Medicine at the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania, receiving its diploma in ISQI. The degree of Master of Arts was subsequently conferred upon her by XVilson College. She served as Resident Physician in the NVoman's Hospital of Philadelphia from Sep- tember, 1891, to September, 1892, and immediately thereafter took charge of the Northwestern Hospital for lVomen and Children at Minneapolis, Minnesota, holding the position of Medical Superintendent for one year. She resigned to become Assistant Physician and Gynaecologist to the State Hospital for the Insane at St. Peter, Minnesota, where she remained three years. After a year of private practice at Mankato, Minnesota, she returned to Philadelphia to take charge of the NVoman's Hospital as Chief Resident, discharging the duties of that office and serving as a member of the gynaecological staff until her election to the Chair of Gynaecology in the W'oman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1902. In addition to her professorship, Dr. Everitt is Attending Gynaecologist to the Woman's College Hospital, Obstetrician to the Philadelphia General Hospital and Clinical Lecturer on Gynaecology in the same: Gynaecologist to the Eastern Pennsylvania Institution for Feeble-Minded and Epilcptic: Consulting Gynaecol- ogist to Bryn Mawr College, Gynaecologist to the Children's Aid Society of Penn- sylvania, etc. She is a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine. She has contributed a number of articles to the literature of her specialty. W , -' ,-sr RUTH XYEDSTER LATHROP, B.A., M.D. Professor of Physiology. Dr. Ruth XVebster Lathrop was born in Le Roy, New York. After completing her preliminary education, she entered XVellesley College, Massachusetts, from which she was graduated in 1883 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. From 1884 to 1887 she taught Latin, Greek and Elementary Science in a college prepara- tory school. She then took up the study of medicine in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and from this institution she received the degree of Doc- tor of Medicine, cum laude, in 1891. General courses of post-graduate work were then taken up, a course in Comparative Anatomy at the University of Penn- sylvania under the Moore Fellowship, a course in Experimental Psychology at Harvard University, Histology, Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology at the Johns Hopkins Medical School, a course in Experimental Physiology in the Marine Biological Laboratory. VVood's Hole, and a course in Experimental Physiology in the llarvard Medical School. In 1891 she was chosen Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy in the VVoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and the year following as Assistant Demonstrator in Physiology. In 1894 she was made Prosector of Anatomy, and the Assistant Professorship of Physiology was given in 1895. These positions were held until 1902, when she accepted the Professorship of Physiology in the same institution. From 1895 to 1900 she also held the ofhce of Sub-Dean. From IQCD to 1906 Dr. Lathrop was Lecturer on Hygiene in the Holman School for Girls. Dr. Lathrop is a member of the following organizations: County and State Medical Societies: American Academy of Medicine. of which she was Vice-Presi- dent, 1909-IO, Medical Jurisprudence Society of Philadelphia: Blackwell Medical Society of New York Statc. and Associate Member of W'omen's Medical Society of New York City. 16 HENRY Moiuus, M.D. Professor of Anatomy. Dr. Henry Morris was born in Philadelphia, Pa. After attending the public schools of the city, and studying at Bryant and Stratton's Business College, he finished his preliminary education at Princeton University, where he was a mem- ber of the Class of 1874. He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from Jefferson Medical College in 1878. Soon after, he was elected the assistant of Professor I. M. DaCosta in the Jefferson Medical College Hospital and was given charge of the Out-PractFce Department of the same hospital where he also was in charge of the Out-Practice Surgical Dispensary until 1883. Among the various teaching positions held by Dr. Morris, we mention that of Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy at Jefferson Medical College, Assistant Dem- onstrator of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in that same institution, Quiz Master in Anatomy and in practice of Medicine to the Medical Quiz Association and Instructor to the Preparatory for the Army and Navy Marine Hospital in the United States. In 1895 he was elected Professor of Anatomy in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. He is a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphiag honorary member ofthe Altoona College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Pennsylvania State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. In addition he is a prominent member of numerous non-medical orders and organizations. His contributions to Medical literature have been: An article on Anatomy in the American edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, in 18813 Essentials of Gynaecologyf' Essentials of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, The Condition of Biddle's Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Essentials of Practice of Medi- cine. The Condition of Biddle's Materia Medica and Therapeutics from 1883 to I887,u and numerous papers. I7 '. 2 ALICE XYELD T.xL1.,xNT, AB., MD. Professor of Obstetrics. Dr. Alice W'eId Tallant was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her preliminary education was acquired in the private schools of Boston, and in 1897 she graduated from Smith College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. From 1897 to 1898 she taught in a Boston private school, at the same time carrying on special work in Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. . In the fall of 1898 she entered the johns Hopkins Medical School, from which institution she received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1002. She pursued special studies in Pathology at the Harvard Summer School and carried on post-graduate work in Obstetrics at the New York Lying-in Hospital. From 1902 to 1903 she was an interne at the New England Hospital for XVomen and Children, Boston. From 1903 to 1905 she worked in clinics of the Massachu- setts General Hospital and the Pope Dispensary of the New England Hospital, and at the same time she was Medical Examiner for the Gymnasium at Bates College. From 1904 to 1905 she was Assistant Physician to the Pope Dispensary of the New England Hospital. In 1905 she was made Professor of Obstetrics in the Woxnaifs Medical Col- lege of Pennsylvania and Obstetrician-in-Chief to the College Ilospital. and in 1906 she was appointed Physician to the Girls' Department of the House of Refuge. She attended Professor Bumm's clinics in Berlin in the summer of 1909. Member of the American Medical Association. the Pennsylvania Medical Society, Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Ohstetrical Society of Phila- delphia, the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Social Disease, the Amer- ican Academy of Medicine. She has contrihuted to the literature of her specialty articles including Ob- servations on the Occurrence of Br0adbent's Sign. Infant Mortality in Obstetric Practice, and A Study of Fever in the Puerperiumf' 18 - HARRY CLAY Dmvna, M.D. Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery ana' Clinical Surgery. Dr. Harry Clay Deaver was born in Shady Side Buck. P. O., Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Having attended public schools, he finished his preliminary education in West Nottingham Academy, Cecil County, Maryland, and entered Pennsylvania Uniggrsity, from which institution he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1 5. He was an interne at the Episcopal Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. Deaver has held a great many oiifices in the past, and at present he is the Professor of the Principles and Practice of 'Surgery and Clinical Surgery in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Visiting Surgeon at the Epis- copal Hospital, Surgeon-in-Chief at the Kensington Hospital for Women, Surgeon at the Children's Hospital of the Mary I. Drexel Home, Consulting Surgeon at St. Mary's Hospital. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the American Society of Gynaecology, the Obstetrical Society, College of Physicians, the Academy of Surgery, the Pathological Society, and of the Philadelphia County Medical Society. Of his contributions to medical literature we may mention his works on Hernia in Children, Appendicitis in Children, with report of 500 cases, and Mesenteric Cysts. I9 Zin illllvmnriam Aloysius Oliver Joseph Kelly, A.M., M.D. The late Professor of Pathology QBY DR. FREDERICK P. HENRYJ Dr. Kelly's name first appears in the catalogue of the XVoman's Med- ical College of Pennsylvania for 1888- '89 as Professor of Clinical Path- ology. He had, therefore, been a member of its teaching staff for nearly thirteen years. During that entire period, his life was one of al- most incessant activity. The result of his work which gave him a place in the first rank of his profession may be found in the transactions of the various medical societies of this city, county, state and nation, in the principal medical journals of the country: in contribution to encyclo- pedic works, and, finally, in his book on the Practice of Medicine which was published in 1910. While perform- ing the most important part of this work, he was also editor of the In- ternational Clinics, which he relin- quished to assume the more import- ant and exacting task of editor of the American Journal of the Medical Sciences g he was teaching at the University of Pennsylvania, at the Woman's Medical College: and, dur- ing the spring and early summer, at the University of Vermont. This was enough to tax the capacity of the strongest, but, in addition, he was physician to St. Agnes and the 'Uni- versity llospitals, and pathologist to the German Hospital. The principal societies to which he belonged were the College of Physicians. in which he was Chairman of the Committee on Scientific Business. the Association of American Physicians. the County and State Medical Societies, the American Medical Association and the Pathological, Pediatric, and Neurological Societies. In all of these he was one of the most active members, and in several he had served as presiding ofiicer. Of these various organizations the Association of Ameri- can Physicians is the one in which membership would be most highly prized by a man of Dr. Kelly's type. Its number is limited to one hundred and thirty-five and is made up of the most distinguished physicians of the United States. Dr. Kelly was elected a member of this Association in 1902, that is, when he was about thirty-two years of age. This is, of necessity, a brief and imperfect summary of the professional work which has given his name a permanent record in the Annals of Medical Science. At a special meeting of the Faculty of the XVoman's Medical College of Penn- sylvania on March 3. IOII, to take action on the death of Professor Kelly, Dr. Frederick P. Henry presented the following minute: 20 In the death of Aloysius Oliver Joseph Kelly the Faculty of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania has suffered a severe loss. Dr. Kelly became a member of that body in 1906 when he was elected Professor of Pathology, and soon became a leader in its deliberations. This was in no wise due to self- assertion, but was the inevitable result of his mental qualities and his judicial character. These were immediately perceived and appreciated by the members of the Faculty, who instinctively turned to him for advice on the numerous occasions when questions concerning the welfare of the students as a whole or as individuals were before it. Believing, as he did, that the success of a medical school is better gauged by the efficiency than the number of its graduates, he was a leader in the cause of advanced medical education. Positive in his convictions, sometimes apparently dogmatic in their expression, he never gave offense, because it was manifest that he regarded all subjects under discussion as abstractions entirely divested of personality. Tenacious of his grasp of an idea, he was ready to relax it and lay hold of another, when convinced that it was better than his own. These are rare qualities, acquired by most of us through painful experience and rigid self-suppression, but apparently spontaneous and innate in him. Dr. Kelly's character was such as to be known and read of all men. There was nothing secret or underhand in his dealings. He was a rare combination of ami- ability and strength. He was a peacemaker and a combatant, who exemplified the paradoxical precept of Cardinal Wolsey: Still .in thy right hand, carry gentle Peace To silence envious tongues: be just and fear not. There are men who are most highly esteemed by those who know them the least. There are others who acquire a reputation for wisdom by surrounding them- selves with an atmosphere of mysterious reticence. Dr. Kelly belonged to neither of these classes. Those who held the highest opinion of his talents and acquire- ments were his most intimate friends. Familiarity bred respect and admiration even from those who might be regarded as his rivals, but no rivalry with him could be aught but friendly. He was the reverse of reticent. In the medical councils of the city, the state and the nation he was ever ready to discuss the great medical questions of the day. He was weighed in the balance of the wisest medical decision and never found wanting. This, however, is neither the place nor the time in which to attempt an estimate of his scientific work. Suffice it to say that he accomplished in a comparatively brief period what might well be regarded as the result of a long life of unremitting labor. This life, however, in the truest sense of the word, was not a brief one, for We live in deeds, not years, in thoughts, not breaths, In feelings, not in figures on a dial. We should count time by heart throbs. He most lives Who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best. 21 Clinical Professors and Associate Professors EMMA E. MUSSON, M.D. Clinical Professor of Otoloyy. JAMES K. YOUNG, M.D. Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery. EDWARD MARTIN, M.D Clinical Professor of Surgery. HENRY F. PAGE, M.D. Clinical Professor of Medicine. WILLIAM G. SPILLER, M.D Clinical Professor of Neurology FRANCES C. VAN GASKEN, M.D. Clinical Professor of Medicine and Associate in Medicine. J. NORMAN HENRY. M.D. Clinical Professor of Medicinc. MARGARET F. BUTLER, M.D. Clinical Professor of Laryngology and Rhinology B. FRANKLIN STAHL, M.D. Clinical Professor of Medicine. MILTON B. HARTZELL, M.D. Clinical Professor of Dermatology. THEODORE La BOUTILLIER, M.D. Clinical Professor of Pediatrics. HARRIET L. HARTLEY. M.D. Clinical Professor of Surgery. MARY M. WOLFE. M.D. Clinical Professor of Psychiatry. MARTHA TRACY, M.D. Associate Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Laboratory of Chemistry. MARY BUCHANAN. M.D. Associate Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology. Lecturers DANIEL JOSEPH Mcf'ARTIIY, M.D. Lecturer on .llerlical .Iuriv1n-uflcncc. RANDLE C. ROSENBERGER, M.D. Lccturcr on Illlilicne. Associates and Directors of the Laboratories ANNIE BARTRAM HALL. M.D. .lxsociate in I'hy.-fioloyy, HERBERT Il. CVSIIING. M.D. Director of the Laboratories of Histology and Em bryoloyy. KATIIARINE J. MUSSON, l'. D. llircctor of thc Laboratory of Pharmacy. Demonstrators FOSTER K. COLLINS, M.Il. - Dcmonstrator of Surgcry. FIARRIET N. NOBLE. M.D. Dvlrlvllstrator of Anatomy, Curator of thc llc- partnlcnt of Atlllflllllll. and Proscctor. W. TAYLOR CUMMINS. M.D. Dcmonstrator of Pathology. I-'LORENCE E. KRAKER. M.D. Demonstrator of Obstetrics. ELLEN PIYLVER POTTER. M.D. Dcmonstrator of Gynecology and Instructor in Clinical Gynecology. EMORY G. ALEXANDER, M.D. Demonstrator of Fracture Dressing. SARAH MAE LICIITENWALNER-MYERS, M.D Demonntrator of Histology and Einbfwlogy. Assistant Demonstrators and Instructors MARY BICKINGS THORNTON, M.D. RI l'll ANNE MILLER. M.D. MARIE A. SEIXAS. M.D. Assistant Demonstrators of Anatomy MARY BICKINGS THORNTON, M.D. Assistant Demonstrator of Surgery. BLANCA H. HILLMAN. M.D. Assistafnt Demonstrator of Gynecology and Instructor in Clinical Gynecology. IDA B. ORECCHIA. M.D. Assistant Demonstrator of Pathology. MAFD CONYERS EXLEY. M.D. Assistant Demonstrator of Obstetrics. I-ELIZABETH E. CLARK Assistant Dcmonstrator of Physiology. ELLA M. RUSSELL. M.D. Instructor in Surgery and Clinical Surgery. .IAUOBINA S. REDDIE. M.D. Instructor in Otology and Laryngology, In- structor in Medicine, and Instructor in Pediatrics. ANNIE M. THOMAS. M.D. Instructor in Practice of Medicine and Physi- cal Diagnosis. MARIANNA TAYLOR, M.D. Instructor in Pediatrics. HOTT CASE, M.D. Clinical Instructor in Laryngology. FLORENCE HARVEY RICHARDS. M.D. Instructor in .llatcria .llcalica and 'l'herapeutics. Assistants and Student-Assistants RERTA WIIALANII. M.D. .l.-fsixlmit in thc Laboratory of Pharmacy. SXIDIE M. IDAYII-IS. i'AR0l.YN A. CLARK. I-'RANUES l'E'l'TX' MANSIIIP. Ntudcnt-.lssistants in the Laboratory of Chemistry. Al'Gl'STA A. SASSEN Stuflcnt-.is.vistant in the Laboratories of His- tology and Embryology. W. TAYLOR CFMMINS, M.D. Curator of the Museum. AMIE W. ROSWORTII Sccrctary to the Dean. Ill-INRIETTA NEl'Rl'RGER Clerk and Librarian. THEODORE LE BUUTILLIER, BLD., f!ll'HlL'G1 Professor of Pmlzufrzrs. lla ELIZABETH E. CLARK, BS., .-lssistant D0lI10llSfl'llf0f of Physiology. Faces that Shall Never Fade Away in the Memories of the Class of 1911 BIARGARET F. BUTLER, M.D,, Cliuiral Professor of Laryngolagy and Rlzinology, 23 PIARRIET L. I-I.-xRTLEx'. BID.. Cliniral f7l'0f-USSOI' of .S'11rgvry. Hxsruzaur H. Crsmxcz. KID., .'71'f'f'4't01' of the l.uImruI u'iv.f of llisfff and liullrryolugy. ELLEN CL'l.vsR Purrmz, MD., Uvnmn.vtral0r in ff-Ylll1l's'UlUg3' and In sfruclvr in C'Iiuiral f:'X'Ild4't'010gy x X X ELLA M. RUSSELL, MD. Instructor in Surgery and Clinical Surgery. FRANCES C. VANGASKEN, M.D., Cliuiml Professor of .Medicine and Associaie in Medicine. BIARTHA TRACY, M.D. .-l.S'.?0CI.t1f6 Profvssor of Chemistry and Drrcvtor of the Laboratory of Chemistry. P .ifwv My tv giV '- - 51? J xg, M U H' I 4 '. ,a f u S W A 5 ,1 , ...-.Q Q- , 2? 0, 5 , qi .ft w N 1 f . H' X H , v W 11 if.. ' -E. xv I. K-I LL T fm f v - , I ,m Q -V ,h I' .A - Ri. x , J ' Alf! .rf f' f 'QVC' . PJ 1 . f ,I in A as? jf ., .ig y, I 1 4? N fi Q rL Al 5' 5 M A p. 4 'ff' A fi-' 'I 3 in -V iff, t A f L' 1 x if 'Q Y I o I k -I 'L ln- iv 'fa THE COLLEGE IN 1850 The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania Some Historical Facts BY CLARA MARSHALL, M.D., Dean. As it was in the beginning, Dux femina facti, which, liberally translated, reads, A woman was at the bottom of it, and that woman was Esther Fussell, daughter of Bartholomew and Rebecca Bond Fussell, of Chester County, Pa., who was in her day and generation a remarkable woman. She was herself interested in medicine and when her brother Bartholomew was old enough, she encouraged him to turn his attention in that direction. He felt deeply grateful to her and when he graduated, he registered in his mind the purpose to do all he could for the sex to which she belonged. I know, said he, she was more capable of study- ing medicine than ever I was, yet she could not do so on account of her sex. This mutter took at deep hold of his mind, and to his beloved wife, Lydia Bond Fussell, he expressed the purpose of one day trying to open a medical school for women, adding, with true Quaker caution, when the fitting time arrives. The ultimate carrying out of this project, which was left for others to accomplish, constitutes a most interesting chapter in the history of the College, but one which cannot be dwelt upon in the limited space assigned, suffice it to say, that a charter was obtained bearing the date of March II, 1850. Through the generosity of VVilliam J. Mullin, the unexpired lease of a property at 627 Arch street was purchased, the building remodelled to adapt it to the purposes of the College, and it was opened for the recep- tion of students October 12, 1850. The first graduating class numbered eight women, some of whom became eminently successful in practice. One of the number, Dr. Ann Preston, was elected to the chair of Physiology and Hygiene in the College and subsequently became dean of the faculty, both positions being held by her until her death in 1872. 28 The corporate name of the institution was the Female Medical Col- lege of Pennsylvania, afterward changed to the more specific title of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. The original Board of Corporators was composed of men, but the tenth annual announcement speaks of the appointment of a Board of Lady Managers, who were subsequently referred to as having in vicw the establishment in the city of a hospital for the exclusive accommodation of women and children, under the auspices of this institution, to sub- serve as far as may be proved to be wise and prudent, the purpose of a clinical school? The hospital referred to was the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia, the charter for which was obtained March 22, 1861. Of the thirty-nine fggj incorporators of this hospital, fifteen USD were corporators of the College, twelve CIZD were members of its Board of Lady Managers, making twenty-seven f27D with direct college connectiong the remaining twelve QIZD were either relatives or friends of the twenty-seven f27D. So highly did the managers of the NVoman's Hospital value the services of Dr. Ann Preston in its behalf, that their annual report pub- lished after her death contains the following: To her efforts more than all other influences may be traced its very origin. The Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia was opened in its present location, and soon afterward the College was moved from Arch street, having rented rooms in the hospital building. The whole structure consisted of two double dwelling-houses with, on the first Hoor of each house, a hall in the center, one long room on one side of this hall and two smaller rooms on the other side. The College rented the three rooms on the first floor of one of these houses, one of the smaller rooms being utilized as a museum, the other as a chemical laboratory. The single long room was used for lecture purposes. In this latter room, we attended lectures and quizzes from ten o'clock in the morning until six in the afternoon with an intermission of two hours at noon, here, too, the clinical lectures were held and the illustrative material for the lectures on anatomy was also brought here. A small brick structure attached to the building and reached only by going out of doors, constituted the anatomical laboratory. The cadavers used by the professors of Anatomy were carried into the lecture room by an aged janitor assisted by students. We sat upon moderately hard cushions placed upon very hard wooden setteesg the remains of these 'Introductory address, Eleventh Annual Session, October 17, 1860, by Reynell Coates, M.D. 29 very settees are now in the gymnasium and it gives me a pang to see the old things going to pieces. From these very rooms were graduated Drs. Hannah T. Croasdale and Anna E. Broomall. The brilliant and learned Mary Putnam Jacobi studied under these primitive conditions and so did Frances Emily White. Here, too, Charlotte Blake Brown, of California, studied, and after grad- uation returned to San Francisco, where she performed the first ovari- otomy done by a woman on the Pacific Coast. We wore black as a graduation dress, black silk if one could aHord it, but at any rate, black. Once in a while an erratic individual violated this usage, thus disturbing the funereal effect. I remember one occasion when a member of the graduating class who had a sallow complexion appeared on the stage in the grassiest of grass green. Blessed be the cap and gown! For many years there were no entrance requirements and no old age limits. Pray, remember that, at that time, not a medical school in the country required a higher standard for admission than the payment of fees. The only protection for the public was a clause in the annual announcement claiming the right to refuse the diploma on the ground of mental or moral unfitness for the practice of medicine. During these early days, the College was ostracised by the medical profession. No man could be a member of the faculty and retain his membership in the Philadelphia County Medical Society, neither could a physician who consulted with a member of our faculty retain his mem- bership. In 1872 the constitution of the American Medical Association was so amended as to exclude college representation in the society. As the members of the faculty of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania were not at that time admitted to the County Medical So- ciety, this action shut them out from the American Medical Association without affecting the faculties of men's colleges, who were, of course, members of their respective county societies. It seemed to women phy- sicians and their friends in Philadelphia rather an anomaly, when, in 1876, Dr. Sarah Hackett-Stevenson was sent as a delegate from Chicago to the meeting of the American Medical Association in Philadelphia, and received without question to membership in an association from which women, long well-known to the profession and to the public as professors in the college and as successful practitioners in the city, were excluded. Alumnae of the College, resident in a neighboring county fMont- gomeryj, were also at this time members of their county society, and 30 therefore eligible to membership in both the State Society and the American Medical Association, while some members of the faculty of the college whose names gave validity to their diplomas, were ineligible. The spring of 1881 marks the beginning of an effort to secure the admission of women to membership in the Philadelphia County Medical Society, when the names of five well known medical women Qalumnae of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvaniaj were presented as applicants for membership, but without success. Efforts in this direction were continued with more or less vigor until in 1888, when the name of one woman only was presented. Women physicians themselves, for the first time, participated in the canvass. A joint council of medical women was held and a committee of women was appointed, the individual mem- bers of which undertook to call each on a certain number of leading mem- bers of the society with whom she was personally acquainted, or to whom influential letters of introduction could be obtained. When the eventful evening for the vote arrived, the candidate was elected, and, so far as known to the writer, no woman applicant has since been rejected. In the meantime there developed a desire for a broader clinical education than that which could be expected in a hospital which was restricted as to the character of the cases admitted to its wards, and in 1868, seven years after the founding of the Woman's Hospital of Phila- delphia, our students began attendance upon the clinical lectures of the Philadelphia Hospital fnow the Philadelphia General Hospitalj. To Professor Alfred Stille, MD., belongs the honor of being the first mem- ber of the staff of the above-named institution to address a class con- taining women students of medicine, his brief preliminary speech of welcome was marked with his customary grace and elegance of diction. November 6, 1869, was a memorable day in the history of the College. Permission having been given by the managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital for attendance upon the clinical lectures of that institution, about thirty women students were present on that day. The conduct of the men students was such as to raise a storm of public indignation, and, as a consequence, the subject of clinical instruction to mixed classes was discussed in extenso in the public press. But opposition to the attendance of women at the clinics of the Pennsylvania Hospital was not confined to students. On the 15th of November, a meeting was con- vened at the University of Pennsylvania, when a remonstrance was unan- imously adopted and signed by the professors in the University of Penn- sylvania, Jefferson Medical College, members of the medical staff of :N various hospitals of Philadelphia and members of the medical profession of Philadelphia at large. All this agitation had the following effect: the faculty of the College made a dignified and fitting reply to the profession, the managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital explicitly stated that the giving of clinical lectures to women was a part of the duty of members of the staff, at the same time arranging for a separate day for our stu- dents. Dr. D. Hayes Agnew resigned rather than lecture to women, finally, these separate lectures illustrated by clinical material which the professors did not think worth presenting to the men classes, were so in- ferior to what our students felt should have been given, that they resumed attendance at the Philadelphia Hospital, abandoned for a time on the opening of Pennsylvania Hospital. Later Qsession of 1882-83, our students were admitted to the regu- lar clinics at Pennsylvania Hospital. It is interesting in this connection to note that Dr. Agnew, six years after his resignation, was invited by the managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital to resume his place on the staff, and that he lectured to a mixed class during his second connection with the hospital whenever women chose to attend his clinics. In the latter part of his life, Dr. Agnew accepted invitations to consult with women physicians. From time to time other hospitals were opened to women students and our alumnae also began to hold interneships in several hospitals as well as important salaried positions. One of the most notable of the latter was that of medical superintendent in the hospital for women in the State Hospital for the Insane, at Norristown. Pa., to which position Dr. Alice Bennett was elected in 1880. In 1882, a woman for the first time occupied a position on the staff of the Philadelphia Hospital, which place has since always been filled by a graduate of this College. In 1883, the competitive examination for interneship in the Phila- delphia Hospital was opened to women, and a member of the Class of 1883 stood number six in a class of thirty-seven and hence was one of the twelve recommended for appointment. Since that time, a woman has thrice headed the list of successful candidates. In the meantime our curriculum had been improved and the course of study lengthened. The following chronological statement exhibits the efforts of the College in the direction of an improved curriculum and in increased laboratory and clinical facilities: 32 1869. A progressive course of study covering three years instead of the customary two years was established. 1871. The college year was lengthened to eight months by the addi- tion of a spring term. 1875. The present commodious college building was erected, thus liberating space in the Woman's Hospital and at the same time increasing the facilities of the College. Also in 1875, an Alumnae Association was formed, one of its express objects being the promotion of the interest of the College. It has from time to time made contributions toward securing additional educational advantages for the students. 1880. Through the generosity of one of the trustees and an alumna of the College, a physiological laboratory was opened. Also, in I880, the department of gynecology which had been adjunct to that of obstetrics, was expanded by the establishment of a Chair of Gynecology. 1881. Three years' attendance upon a graded course of instruction, heretofore optional, was made obligatory. 1887. Entrance examinations were instituted. 1888. A friend of the College, Miss Susan Brinton, purchased a house near the College and gave the use of it to the Young Women's Christian Association of the College. The latter organization has since been incorporated and has finally become the owner of this property now known as Brinton Hall. Also, 1888 marks the establishment of an out-obstetric department in connection with the College for the express purpose of giving to members of the graduating class an oppor- tunity for practical instruction through attendance of patients at their homes. This valuable feature of the curriculum, made possible by the energy and enterprise of the professor of obstetrics, Dr. Anna E. Broomall, antedated by many years such a progressive step on the part of other colleges in Philadelphia. 1893. A four years' course, hitherto optional, was made obligatory on all students. 1895. The thought having occurred to one of our alumnae CAmy S. Barton, Class of 18743 that a hospital and dispensary established in a crowded poor district of the city would be of educational value to the students of the VVoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and at the same time a blessing to the women and children of that district, such an institution, after many discouragements, was finally opened for dis- pensary patients only, October 31, 1895, at 1212 South Third street, under the name of the Hospital and Dispensary of the Alumnae of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. The aim of the Board of Managers is thus set forth in its charter: 33 Ist. To give the poor of this district the privilege of applying to women physicians for medical advice. 2nd. To furnish opportunities for the graduates of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania to continue their studies in general and special medicine. 3rd. To increase the facilities for clinical instruction in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. The founder of this institution builded better than she -knew, for, although the managers were never financially able to provide for bed cases, yet when it became necessary in 1904 for the College to secure bedside instruction under the control of the faculty, an appeal was made by the corporators to this institution accompanied by an offer of merger. This offer was accepted, thus giving to the Col- lege the charter right to establish a hospital. Gratitude to the founder was then expressed by naming the plant now at 1207 South Third street, the Amy S. Barton Dispensary. 1896. A bacteriological laboratory was opened during the spring of this year, a house on the college grounds being especially fitted up for the purpose and during the following year substantial additions were made, thus more than doubling its capacity. 1899. A capacious fire-proof building, which was opened October of this year, contains the laboratories of histology, embryology, phy- siology. pharmacy and pathology, also a lecture hall and gymnasium. 1903. In September of this year the out-obstetric department of the College was supplemented by the establishment of a maternity, the bed capacity of which was doubled the following year by the gift of the adjoining house. 1904. A temporary pavilion hospital for ward patients of both sexes was opened on ground adjoining the college building and a dis- pensary service was at the same time established. This department became available for teaching purposes at the opening of the session of 1904-05. 1908. The basement and three stories of the permanent hospital building were erected, the basement being applied to an extension of the dispensary while the first floor, which is admirably adapted for that purpose, is assigned to private patients. At this writing, the clinical amphitheatre has just been finished and has proved to be complete in every respect. Besides an operating theatre of ample seating capacity and well lighted, both by skylight and at the sides. there are etherizing, recovery, sterilizing and waiting rooms as well as doctors' and students' rooms. 'Mn Samuel M. Vauclain was the donor of this building. 34 The year 1870 marks the employment of the first missionary woman physician sent out by the Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church. Her destination was Barielly, India. This lady, Dr. Clara Swain' QClass of I869D, may be regarded as the first of a rapidly lengthening line of women missionary physicians, who, in the zenanas of the East and the crowded abodes of China and Japan, are accom- plishing a silent revolution in the condition of w0men. T The story of these devoted women, of the hospitals they have built, of the gifts they have received fsome of them from native rulersj, of the schools they have established, of the lives they have saved, would fill many volumes, and it is to be hoped that the historian will write this won- drous tale in time for medical missionaries who are now living to con- tribute to a story as fascinating as it is inspiring. In strong contrast with the original status of the College as an educational institution, we find that the corps of instructors has increased from six members, the original faculty with which the College was opened in 1850, to fifty-five professors, lecturers, demonstrators, clinical instructors and assistants. Laboratory as well as clinical facilities have been gradually extended, and there is now a department of practice connected with a branch of didactic instruction in the institution, in the work of which every student takes part. Thirty-eight states and territories have contributed to the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania students who are numbered among the alumna. Among foreign countries and dependencies the following are represented: Canada, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Bruns- wick, Iamaica, Brazil, England, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzer- land, Italy, Russia, Syria, India, China, japan, Burmah, Australia, Congo Free State, the Philippine Islands, the Hawaiian Islands and Puerto Rico. Our living alumnae now number I,O64Q they are located in forty- three states and territories as well as in Mexico, the Hawaiian Islands, the Philippine Islands, Canada, Brazil, Scotland, Egypt, India, China, Japan, Persia, Korea and Australia. Replies to inquiry in regard to the department of practice pursued by the alumnze of the College show that most of the various specialties of medicine and surgery are represented in their work, obstetrics and gynecology largely predominating. A minority report their practice as Dr. Swain died December 25, 1910. 'l'Address to graduates by Rachel L. Bodley, M.D., March 17, 1881. 5 general, but add that they are doing a larger proportion of obstetrical and gynecological work than the men practitioners in the same localities. It is to be remembered in this connection that no branch of medi- cine requires a higher degree of self-possession and promptness in the selection and application of scientific methods than modern obstetrical practice, nor does any department of surgery, probably, present graver difhculties than the operations included in the practice of gynecology. Sixty-one years of experience have proved the wisdom of the founders of this school in recognizing and seeking to meet the demand of the public for a body of educated women physicians. -rhgfh C ' gh The Course of Instruction l HE Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania is the oldest, largest and the only separate woman's medical college in the United States. Its alumnze are scattered over the whole world and are engaged in all branches of medical work. The graduates of this school leave well if prepared to take up their career in the medical i profession, the course of four years offering many advantages not obtained in a co-educa- tional college. The course of instruction continues through four college years, eight months each, and is given by means of lectures, demonstra- tions, laboratory work, recitations and clinical teaching, so arranged as to constitute a progressive course of study and practical work. The first year the students' time is devoted to lectures and recita- tions on General and Organic Chemistry and Toxicology, Anatomy, Phys- iology, Histology and Embryology, laboratory work in Chemistry, Anat- omy, Histology, Embryology and Pharmacy, and instruction in bandaging. The second year's course closely resembles the first, although an introduction to the third year's work is obtained in the lectures and reci- tations on the following subjects: Descriptive and Applied Anatomy, Physiology, Hygiene, General Pathology, Bacteriology, Surgery, Obstetrics, Physiological and Pathological Chemistry and Materia Medica, and instruction in Physical Diagnosis, laboratory work in Physiological and Pathological Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, Pathol- ogy and Bacteriology. The first two years having prepared the student in the fundamentals of medicine, the last two years are more practical. Third year students attend lectures and recitations in General Pathology, Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics. Gynaecology and Pediatrics. Practical work is done on the cadarer in Operative Gynae- cology and Operative Surgery. There is also a course in Obstetrical Diagnosis. Instruction is given in Physical Diagnosis, Post-mortern Technique and Morbid Anatomy, and in addition the dispensary courses arranged by sections give ample opportunity in practical work along the lines of Minor Surgery. Obstetrics, Medicine, Pediatrics, Gynaecology. The fourth year is a continuation of the lectures and recitations on the Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Surgery and Pediatrics, Operative Obstetrics and a course in Fracture Dressing. Courses in the specialties iw 'D 37 --.Q-Q or H1sroLnm'. TOR Y RA C Q ..i HJ I THE D1ssEc'1-ING RooM ILOG Y. II unfxrolu' or PHYS L A THE 2 STRY. HEMI OFC LABORATORY THE -C bplnlialinology, Utology, Laryngology and Rhinology, Neurology, Dermatology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical jurisprudence, Psychiatry, -are also given this year, although examination is required in only two of them, the selection being optional. Bedside instruction is given in the College Hospital, the Maternity of the College and in the Philadelphia General Hospital. Each student of the fourth year class attends and delivers ten cases in the out-obstetric practice of the college maternity. Fourth year stu- dents are also required to follow and study carefully cases assigned them in the College Hospital Gynaecological, Surgical and Medical wards, making the routine clinical and laboratory examinations. During the third and fourth years clinical instruction, to sections of the class, is given in the Dispensary of the College Hospital, Barton Dis- pensary, in the German Hospital and in the fourth year in the Howard llospital and the Philadelphia General llospital. Attendance on the clinics of the College Hospital, the Pliilaclelpliia, Pennsylvania and German Hospital is also required. DR. Yovxtfs Cuxic xx Onrnorl-:nrcs 42 Sections of students from the fourth year class, who wish to attend, are given instruction in contagious diseases at the Municipal Hos- pital. The College laboratories are well equipped and afford plenty of material for study and demonstration. There is also a good reference library whose shelves are filled with many of the latest medical books and periodicals. The graduates of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania are fully equipped and prepared for medical work along any line because, as it is shown above, the opportunities afforded them as students are the best. D. M. P., 1911. i . A SECTION AT THE MUNICIPAL Hosriru. 43 The Maternity Department llaving considered the course in general, it will be well to take up more in detail one of the subjects in which our College especially excels, namely, the Obstetrical department. The Obstetrical course is begun in the second year with introductory lectures on anatomy and embryology. The third year presents only normal Obstetrics by means of lectures, recitations, obstetrical diagnosis on the manikin, hospital section work, and attendance on cases at the hospital and with a Senior on outpractice. Each Junior student is thus given the opportunity of seeing an average of eight or nine cases, of making necessary measurements and examinations, and of caring for the newborn child. The Senior course continues somewhat the same methods of teaching with lectures and recitations, particular attention being paid to operative Obstetrics by lectures, demonstrations, and manikin work. Each Senior student, furthermore, delivers ten cases in the outpractice of the College Maternity Hospital, and examines and registers an average of fourteen or fifteen cases. In addition to these ten cases attended in the Senior year, each student during the Junior and Senior years combined sees an average of seventeen cases. Some students have seen as many as twenty-five or thirty cases. The Maternity Hospital of the lVoman's Medical College of Penn- sylvania was first established as an outpractice maternity hospital in January, 1888, by Dr. Anna E. Broomall, then professor of Obstetrics in the college, and for twenty-three years it has provided trained medical attendance for poor women in their homes. It is situated in the south- eastern district of the city. a crowded section with a large foreign popu- lation, made up chiefly of Russian jews and Italians. As these foreigners are accustomed to employ midwives, and prefer the care of women, this quarter of the city offers a particularly wide scope for the work of the hospital, which has been from the first carried on exclusively by women. From a small beginning the numbers have grown until nearly six thousand deliveries have been recorded, the annual average for the last seven years being three hundred and fifty-seven, the students thus securing, under the supervision of the physicians in the department of Obstetrics, wide practical experience in maternity work before graduation. 44 THE MATERNITY WARD In order that the students might have still further opportunities in Obstetrics in a hospital under the direct control of the college, the house which had formerly served as a base for the outpractice work, was equipped and opened as a hospital for in-patients October I, 1903. Although the buildings are small, they have during the eight years of hospital existence sheltered more than one thousand patients. Many serious conditions have arisen for treatment, and last year three Caesarean section operations were performed within seven months. The records of both hospital and outpractices show excellent results, even when the cases must be conducted amid the most unfavorable surroundings of poverty and dirt. Such experience is of incalculable value to young women who are about to take up the practice of medicine. Obstetrics is a branch which is particularly the province of women physicians, not only in the coun- tries of the Far East, where such cases can be attended only by women, but also in our own great cities, where midwives are conducting between forty and fifty per cent. of all coniinements. No department calls for greater skill and judgment in emergencies, and in no other must the physician carry the double responsibility for two lives. Ori: l'.x'rir:xTs l3.xm:,xiNiNcp ox So1'Tn I-'uucrn STREET I LIFE IN THE SoL'TH-E.IxsTI5RN DISTRICT Leaving Maternity When all the babies are born, And no more mothers can dieg NVhen the dear little eyes are all Creded And the darlings no longer can cryg VVhen the temperatures all have been taken, And there are no more pulses to countg VVhen the visiting all has been finished, And there are no more stairways to mount W'hen Italians, Russians and Hebrews, Sing only one sweet, gladsome song: When we understand clearly each other And nothing can ever go wrong, Then will we rest and be happy, Then, will we sleep without care, Then, will we know the sweet peace Cf having done joyfully our share. -17 R Response to Toast on Medical Colleges for Women BY DR. CLARA MARSHALL Representing the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania' Madam Toastmistress and fellow members of the American Medical Association : I well remember the first time I was called upon to respond to a toast. It was before a body of women physicians. Having painfully and laboriously committed to memory my brief remarks, and after a meal which as far as I was concerned partook of the nature of sawdust and ashes, I managed to make a respectable effort. Imagine my chagrin to find that the majority of the other victims brazenly and ostenta- tiously read their responses. Whereupon I said to myself, Let this fable teach thee. Now, I cling to my notes like a bairn to its mither, a wee birdie to its nest. I have been asked to speak on the subject of medical colleges for women, but since the XVoman's Medical College of Baltimore has just completed its last session, I am here to represent, not colleges, but the medical college for women, the only' regular separate school for women in the United States of America. It is claimed that medical education is in a period of transition. that university training, which means co-education, is the education of the future. In the great VVest it is the education of the present. It is in the East that we find the literary colleges for women to which students come in increasing and ever increasing numbers, the sum total running into the thousands: Vassar, XVellesley, Smith, Mount Holyoke, Radcliffe, Barnard, Goucher, XVells, and last, but not least, Bryn Mawr. It is in the East that we have separate medical colleges for men: Harvard, Yale, the University of Pittsburgh, just closed to women, the University of Pennsylvania and many others. It is, therefore, not out of accord with the spirit of the East, that among the medical schools, some of which have and many of which have not university affiliations, there should be one medical college for women. 'At the banquet of the women members of the American Medical Association held at St. Louis, june, 1910. 48 It is my privilege on this occasion to point out what this one school has stood for and what it now stands for. In so doing I shall nothing extenuate, nor aught set down in malice. The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania owed its foundation in 1850 to the fact that women were denied admission to medical schools already established. The first object then was the teaching of medicine to women. A secondary result was the training of women as teachers of medicine. At the solicitation of a number of philanthropic ladies, Dr. Emeline Horton Cleveland, one of our most brilliant alumnae, entered the School of Obstetrics in connection with the Maternity of Paris, August 27, 1860. At the close of her term of service, she received the diploma of the school and also carried away five prizes, two of them first prizes. Dr. Cleveland fin 18625 became the first woman occupant of the Chair of Obstetrics which she filled with rare ability, an opportunity made possible only by the existence of this separate school for women. The need for better clinical facilities for our students stimulated Dr. Ann Preston, Dean of the Faculty, to interest the Corporators, Fac- ulty and Lady Managers of the College in establishing a hospital 5 these in turn interested other friends of the medical education of women and there was founded in 1861, the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia, of which Dr. Cleveland became the first resident physician. While at that time the only clinical teaching in Philadelphia avail- able for men was in the amphitheatre, many of our students boarded in the Woman's Hospital, doing the work of internes, graduate internes being introduced some years later. Moreover, sections of students made daily rounds of the hospital wards: only possible in this separate school of medicine for women. Said Theodore Roosevelt, in a recent address to Cambridge Uni- versity students Chow could this dinner be complete without quoting Colonel Roosevelt?j, In the absence of war, there can be no great gen- erals. WVith equal truth it may be said that without opportunity to teach, there can be no great teachers. The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania furnishes this opportunity. An interesting illustration of the stimulation of inventive talent which might otherwise have lain dormant, was afforded by the case of one of our young assistants in gynaecology, who, finding that it was very difficult for some students to learn from illustrations on fiat surfaces, has begun a series of unique models of the pelvic organs, while her colleague in trying to solve the problem of how best to teach operative gynaecology is evolving another quite different and equally unique series. 49 When these models were displayed before a recent meeting of our Alumnx Association, so much interest was aroused that I asked if I might bring the models with me to St. Louis. As the series is not finished they will be exhibited before the Association at some future time. In the meantime I shall be glad to show them to those interested at my hotel-The Planters. Apropos of teaching opportunities in separate colleges for women, Dr. Emily Blackwell, in an address on the occasion of the celebration of the semi-centennial of our college in 1900, wherein she refers to'the closing of the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary, says, There was no one thing which the friends of the New York College regretted more in closing it than the fact that it cut short, temporarily at least, the teaching career of a group of capable and rising young women teachers. It may be added that although the opening of Cornell University Medical School to women was the cause of the closing of the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary, Cornell University Medical School, now, eleven years later faccording to its latest cataloguej has no women teachers. While accepting the dictum of physician first and specialist after- ward and while not abating one jot or tittle in the desire to graduate students equipped in all departments, the college stands for superior facilities for the study of obstetrics and diseases of women, both of which are of prime importance to women physicians. Since a large majority of the latter have a relatively large amount of gynaecological and obstetric work, they require much of special equip- ment. This can best be secured in a separate school, the organization of which permits the regarding of special needs. Our college represents an organisation, and organized effort can often accomplish results where the individual would fail. For instance, our great city hospital with a present bed capacity of over 3,6oo, in ad- mitting a woman to its staff, selected, purposely, a member of our faculty, and recently, a vacancy occurring, a woman was again selected, without question, from our faculty. Speaking of the Philadelphia General Hospital, I am reminded that it has been said that the most women have a right to expect is a fair field and no favor , of the no favor we may always be quite sure. The first woman member of the staff of the above-named institution was obliged to give up the pleasant months of April, May and June to accept a term of service for january, February and March because a senior colleague-a man-could not stand the inclement weather of the latter months. 50 Let me give you another instance resulting to women from an organization in their interest. Our school in common with others was invited to send a delegate to the International Congress of Laryngology and Rhinology, held in Vienna in April, 1908. We sent Dr. Margaret F. Butler, who was not only the only woman delegate, but the only dele- gate from North America. Dr. Sir Felix Semon, in the International Centralblatt fiir Laryngologie, May, 1908, says: An enthusiastic laryn- gologist, Madam Butler, of Philadelphia, addressed the Congress on be- half of North America in a very expressive manner. This was the first time that a woman has been chosen Honorary President of an interna- tional congress, actually presiding at one of its meetings. Madam Butler performed the duties in such a quiet, intelligent manner that the pro- ceedings progressed as though they ran entirely of their own accord. The above could not have been written had there been no separate school of medicine, for there would have been no woman delegate. Again, men have an opportunity to choose separate education in medicine if they so desire. The existence of the Woman's Medical Col- lege of Pennsylvania makes such a choice possible to women also, and that too in a great city, which by its very size affords ample clinical advantages. In a separate school for women, there is due regard for the woman's point of view. We have sometimes found, for instance, that it is difficult for a man professor to fully appreciate the fact that the appointment of a man assistant cuts off the opportunity of some young woman. It is the function of a college for women to see to it that this lack of clearness of vision does not stand in the way of the progress of women in medicine. According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, May 21, 1910, our college stands in Class I, which includes those schools having had less than ten per cent. of failures in State Board Examina- tions throughout the United States of America. The class of 1909 had no failures. This was not true of the College of Physicians and Sur- geons fChicagoj 3 Rush Medical College, of the medical departments of the following universities: Johns Hopkins, Yale, Harvard, University of Minnesota, University of Pennsylvania, and of many other schools in good standing. Many schools for men have large endowments, in spite of inade- quate endowment, we have been able to turn out a finished product of which we need not feel ashamed. With increased endowment our teach- ing plant might be still further improved. In this connection, I may say that I am in a receptive frame of mind. I am forcibly reminded of the remarks of a negro preacher who said, Breddern, I've hearn tell SI a good deal of this yer talk about 'taint' money. All I know is 'taint enough. The XVoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania to the women of the American Medical Association sends greeting. She asks your inter- est, and if this body of representative women wishes to stand sponsor to this only female medical child, we on our part are ready to sign the articles of adoption. 52 5? J.: G ,.. f 4 X ff? f , I f,f ' 7212! U3 Tailli- M JN s Q 4 - 41 ' A 11' .Q f' o'fi A I gl. . w.. . - g 5 1 U .xl I '..n , S J ' 5 v ' I - ' 5 '14 - , ' ' -:fy U Q 4 , 'pd 'r U- ,'.,O x'1 -- '- n xi. . 1 1, - - . - . rr. I -'F Q , u I ,k , ' K . v ' L 'k S V -4 r f L I ' - 6 1 -T 14 . 3.. Vs'.- 2 , . A J. 0 ,w. 'g,. . Asif, y a I A 4. Q - Q A 1 l -if 4 , X . ' X ' 0 'J sv uf 9,-fix! r r '- - I .J-. 3. 41 vt . 'J .vv , 0 an - o 1 ...QQ p o'qL'? ' I' . f -Q n,, nu , X13 iw 'X J . ' lIIuiulf.lfr1r1n0,1f, ,g .yxxxxla I, vlmyfv xmmlw L mmm . 0 F -1 iilmu.- ui, in g V K NV .f , i A f . X, A ,L My.,-6, ' ' - , fs- PGY XX' ' , ,QC ' g X 1 ,Q .. E f 1' 5 S3 ' V I Q - cv N .l ii ly I I 1 , I get - l Q l l VW 'Sass 4 - When the days of Commencement are over, Those days you are longing to see, I suppose you will all be exclaiming, How blessed it is to be free! Good-bye, Gynaecology quizzes That paralyzed even the brave QOne look at those classifications l.Vas enough to make anyone ravejg Good-bye to that eight o'clock ward-class, Good-bye to Pathology slides, To poor, overworked Nicodemus, And lectures and clinics besides. But if you can spare just a minute From thoughts that have made you so glad, Look again on your sojourn at college, For somehow, it wasn't half bad. Of course your instructors were human, There were times when they had an off day If their lectures were not always thrilling, There was none knew it better than they. If they stood on one leg while they lectured. It was not to appear like a clowng just try yourselves teaching Obstetrics. And see if both feet will stay down. 55 If they frequently thundered, Get busy, That surely is worthy advice, If they showed you the motions of tennis, You certainly thought it was nice. Full freely they gave you their knowledge, They labored to make it take root, And the duty is laid on your shoulders To see that their teachings bear fruit. If when you begin to give ether, You only say, Blow it away, No watering-pot will be needed, In spite of the Halloween play. And if that alone should not answer, And the patient should struggle or weep Make use of that magical sentence, just quietly going to sleep. If you find an appendix or gall-stones, With the patient in direful plight, Remember to call in a surgeon, Though none but yourself be in sight. The problems that wait for your solving Are knotty enough, without doubt. XYhy is it the affluent patients Appear when the doctor is out? And if you should have the good fortune To be on the spot when they call, XVhy is it they always have symptoms That aren't in the text-books at all? :Xml why should they come to consult you, And take a good piece of your day, If they purpose to follow their fancies And not do a thing that you say? 56 VVhy is it the stork and the babies Prefer to arrive in the night? And why-but the questions are legion On which the profession seeks light. May fortune attend your solutions, May patients crowd thick at your door, May wisdom and courage and honor Be with you in bountiful store. And now, while you stand on the threshold, In doubt where your pathway may lead, Have a thought in your heart for your College, So eager to wish you Godspeed. ALICE WELD TALLANT 57 -7 I, ' 'fl 'if + N v ' sTf - P' , j-L? hs . . Q .i 4 g ' . Class Motto In necessariis u1z1'tas,' in dubiis libcrtasg in omnibus Caritas Class Flower-The Poppy Ofiicers President-DORRIS M. Ihusssox. l'ic'c'-Pwsidvrzt and Trvasznvr-I.1 YL'1N Tim. St'Cl'c'fC1I X'-:Xl'JELAIDE Er.l.sxx'o1:'1' 1 I. 58 fnfyg' n Q-r :L I ll'.i. 4 . 0 L ' Q 's , I '. .4 4 -0 A I, as I 19 I ' .-.Arr o-Q Q' I 'db I . - . .4 r. 9'- fl . '7 ' ...1 .HQ . a.. y H ',' a . I g -1 21.717 ,, 1 .1 ,ni n p ,Q Q .VJ . r I J' Y 1... -, I ll . 'O' uf f '..' I WH., 'x.1.p ,, ' FJ' ',a ' ,. , -A -. :'.-,. 'vm . . r ' K-1 . I 1' -- 9 Ni 1 r .4 1. , Abviaisg L ',. ' v',I-' .'4, If Q 'fl ' I . 4fo'. ,B ,. 'Z' , 1 1 I - - 1 'W X . .5 r . g, . ,, I I, ,' I I V r f 1 J 4 1 M.xRGL'1-:Rina BAILEY. There is a great deal of unmapped country within us which would have to be taken into account in an explanation of our gusts and storms. l.NlARY Ev:-:LYN BRYDON, after exhausting the teachers of Danville, Virginia, took the kyars for the North to study nursing at Dr. Price's Training School for Nurses. After graduating there and taking one term in the Northfield Bible Training School, B returned to the South to thaw out and get warmed up, after which she came again to Philadelphia to study medi- cine and human nature at VV. M. C. Her first impressions of NV. M. C. were scrub- bing bones, the unsavoriness of which occu- pation, however, was for two years offset every Sunday morning with waffles, quickly buttered and eaten while hot. She hangs her 'fkyardn out at the Book Room and is always at your service. Eve and Meine conceived the idea of a college paper, The Esczzlapiaaz, and now Eve is its editor-in-chief. She was Vice- President of Y. XV. C. A., '09-,IO, and House Chairman of Brinton Hall, '08-'09, is a member of the Student Volunteer Band and the basket-ball crowd. Member of vic- torious IQII team in the histology contest of 1910, She expects to take post-graduate work in the school of experience and to practice- In the world of men and brothers, Where all human woes are found, There I'll be a sister. stranger: Just a stranger, homeward bound. I have oft hr-ard mi-n say there be Some that with confidence profess The helpful art of memory. Some few years ago little IYIARGUERITE BAILEY was born in Alliance, New Jersey. and later attended the Vineland High School. Marguerite's favorite studies are Surgery and Gynecology, especially Surgery in which she became so absorbed one day in May that she forgot to report for the final examination in it. She expects to do post-graduate workg she did not say what, but probably it is Surgery. Her favorite amuscments are rowing and swimming, and she is fond of music. Is an associate mem- ber of the Y. WV. C. A. Mun' EVE-ILYN Bkvuox. Let me be measured by my soul: The mind's the standard of the man. CLEML-:NT1Nt-3 Basil, an A.B. from XVash- ington University, comes from Port Town- send, Washington, the wild, woolly XYest. How can Clemie adapt herself to the sedate, quiet life of College Row on Thomp- son street so perfectly well? lVe all know that she is a great hunter and a mountain- climber when out NVest. But here, with us, at VV. M. C., her favorite amusement is watching the little bugs wiggle under the microscope. Member of Y. XV. C. .-X. Cahi- net and Student Volunteer Randg hnsiness manager of the Sculfiel. She expects to take an interneship and some post-graduate work: specialize in diseases of women and children and practice in China. ANNE lxEYNtiI,IPS Cxifriuiv. 0 I Ctmucxrixa Hxsn. lint a sniouth and stt-:ulfast mind, Gentle thoutlits and calm desires. Ashley, Pa., is only known to us as the hirthplace of .XNNE Rt:vxoLns CAFFREY. llut, now, Philadelphia is proud to claim her as one of its citizens, and will become more so as the years go hy, for, not heinfg content with graduating in Ashley High School. St. BIary's Convent of XYilkesbarre, and the State Normal School, and being a trained nurse and settlement worker, Miss Caffrt-y has also aspired to he a Doctor. She is going to make a good one. too.- with her perfect poise, her womanliness. steady hand, quiet, convincing way. and pleasing disposition. No douht she will excel in Surgery and tiyiiaecology, her fa- vorite studies occasionally. when there was nothing else found to do at home. she re- ported for lectures and quizzes at least in these. XYhen tired of arduous toil. relaxation in her favorite amusements. the theatre. music, and reading. kept the delicate constitution of the Little Ones' rival from succumbing under the strain. Nlemher ot' the Jeanne d'.Xrc tfk. C. Cluhl. She expects to take an interneship in the llospital of the Xl'oman's Medical College and to practice in Philadelphia. C.xRoLYN A. CLARK. Thou, whose exterior semblance doth belie Thy sou1's immensityl' SARAH M. Davies, Mahanoy City, Pa. Dee is next to the baby in the class and and is heap the littlest of them allg yet you ought to see her clanging the bell of a hospital ambulance and bossing the Freshies, especially Miss Hooker and Miss Smith, in Chemical Lab. Also, she was a mem- ber of the victorious IQII teams in both the histology contests. Sadie has a little nephew named John, and her favorite amusement is talking about Little John , and her favorite study is to learn how to doctor him and other little Johns. Before coming to NV. M. C. she attended Mahanoy City High School and Millers- ville State Normal School. She expects to take an interneship in the Hospital of the Woman's Medical College, as much post- graduate work as she can afford, and to specialize in Laryngology, but does not know where she will practice. Member of the A. O. D. Fraternity. I have lived to know that the secret of happiness is never to allow your energies to sta.gnute. Another Iitlle girl is CAROLYN A. CLARK, who was born at Muncy, Pa. She attended the Muncy High School and Williamsport Commercial College. Clarkie was very serious when she first came to W. M. C. and spent all her time walking around the Girard wall and studying her books, but the second' year basket-ball became inter- esting to her, and ever since Carolyn has been a wild enthusiast and a star player. She is still a hard worker, though, the hard- est worker in school, always busy about something. From experience Carolyn can give refer- ences on all the boarding and lodging houses of the college community, having lived in them all. She was secretary of the Class '09-'10, and secretary of Y. W. C. A. She expects to take an interneship in Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia, but has not decided where to practice. SARAH M. Davies. l'romptitude is not only a duty, but lt ls also a part of good manners: it is favorable to fortune, reputation, iullnenee and usefulness: and a. little attention and energy will form the habit, so as to make lt easy and de- lightfulf' EFFIE l3Ei.i.r: Duxnxi' timidly started out from Ligonier, Pa., to the great, be- wildering, intricate city of Philadelphia to study medicine. Someone met her at Broad Street Station and escorted her to W. M. C. That spoiled Dunnie,,' because ever since she thinks that it is not proper and safe for little girls to go out alone in a big city: they might get lost. She would blush, however, if you told her that. She attended Ligonier High School, and Ligonier Classical Institute and used to teach school, but now is going to practice somewhere in Pennsylvania after taking an interneship in the llospital of the lVoman's Medical College and post-graduate work in her chosen specialty. She likes best to study Otologv when not emhroidering. Ts an associate skating or member of the Y. NV. C. A. JXIIIQLAIDE l'il.l.SWUR'l'll. 62 IZFHE BELLE Di'NL.xP. Ile who labors diligently need never de- spairg for all things are accomplished by dili- gence and labor. :XDELAIDE Ettsxvonrn, Centre Moreland, Pa. 'Ellie is going to know everything and is indispensable to the class because she is not afraid to ask questionsg most every one else is. Her favorite study is Surgery, and she is going to be a good surgeon: her observant eye has seen each stitch put in at all operations: even when other eyes have not. .-Xdelaide is senti- mental, too, though one would not expect a surgeon to be that. She is a star in Ste- vens' Quiz. She has attended Xllvoming Seminary and Bloomshnrg State Normal School. and used to teach. Secretary of Class, Sopho- more and Senior years: Secretary of Y. XV. C. A.: President of Medical Association. She expects to take an interneship in the XVoman's Hospital of Philadelphia and do post-graduate work. SARAH LIARTIN LONGACRE GARRETT. Who can foretell for what high cause This darling of the gods was born? AGNES HOCKADAY is intellectual. Balti- more, Md., produced her. XVhether she ac- quired this trait in the Baltimore Eastern High School or during her three years' attendance upon the Baltimore VVoman's Medical College we know not. Suffice it to say that she bore all the hall-marks of brains when she entered the class in the Senior year. In other words she is the refuge of the quiz-master when the class is doubtful as to the subject matter. Agnes is a special friend of Mary Lewis and a very few others. She is uni- formly courteous, however. so one will- ingly overlooks her unsociability. She is a member of the Y. VV. C. A. and A. E. I. Fraternity. Her interneship will be taken in the NVoman's Hospital of Philadelphia. ' Nor for my poaec will I go far. As wanderers do, that still do roam: But make my strengths, such as they are, Ilerc in my bosom, and at home. Mus. SARAII AIARTIN LONGACRE GARRIQTT was born in Chester County, Pa., and some- what later attended the Phoenixville School. Afterwards she studied nursing and is a graduate nurse. She is a Friend to man and consequently her favorite amusement is pleasing others. Her first impressions of the Freshman year were terrible, but she got married in the second year and has been happy ever afterward. Mrs. Gar- rett expects to take post-graduate work and practice in Philadelphia. Associate member of Y. VV. C. A. AGNES HOCKADAY. In the world of dreams, I have chosen my putt. EMILU: C. Jamsox was born in Harts- ville, Pa., but lives now in Philadelphia most of the time. Jimmie has deep, dark eyes that are dreamy and seem to say. Persuade the world to trouble me no more. Jimmie used to attend the Girls' High School of Philadelphia and the Phila- delphia Normal School for Girls when she was not riding her horse and tramping in the fields and woods. She is very ambi- tious and spends her Summer months and other odd moments studying Psychology and related subjects at U. of P. ' NVhen she came to XV. M. C. she was impressed with the stupendousness of Anatomy and wondered how in the course of events one human mind could ever con- tain the material of the great Gray's Anatomy, and probably is still wondering. Her favorite study is Obstetrics. She ex- pects to take an interneship and practice in Philadelphia. Member of Y. XV. C. A. fi ORA ll. Kiuass. EXIILIE C. jniisox. I have no roast, but n nut-brown toast And an apple laid in the tire, With a little bread shall do me stead. ORA H. KR:-zss. Though her birthplace, Michigan can hardly claim Ora. Her girlhood was spent in England and Aus- tralia, where she acquired her preliminary education, crowned by a nurse's diploma from Xlfahroonga Sanitarium, Sidney, Australia. On entering XY. M. C. in 1907. Kressy made up her mind that she didn't want to become a hen-medic during the four years in college. This determination never failed her. Her brilliant career at NV. M. C. was interrupted from 1908-1909 when she took the second year work in George XVash- ington University, NYashingt0n, D. C. Ever faithful, to us she returned in 1909 bringing with her even brighter sunshine and sweeter music. Before long we were reading a monogram which constantly and befittingly labeled her O. K. Member of A. E. I. Fraternity, Y. NV. C. A., and Student Volunteer Band. Ora has dreams of doing p0st-gradu- ate work in Edinburgh and hopes to do a general practice among women, specializ- ing in Gynecology and Obstetrics. The place where she will practice will be deter- mined by other circumstances. EDITH hl.KGlJ.XI.EN.X Lenxis. 'tllis mind his kingdom, and his will his law. In MARY RUTH Lewis we have a Frie11d. lt has been said that Ohio pro- duced the greatest statesmen of the coun- try. NVe accept these words without any hesitation for, indeed. statesmanship has been personified in our Mary. a worthy daughter of Sabina, Ohio. The Sabina High School, XVilmington College and Earl- ham College all took turns in educating Mary, sending her to us for the final crisis. Keen sight. diplomacy and determination to succeed form the tripod on which her wonderful capability stands. crowned by that gift of idealizing the real when the realization of the ideal is impossible. Her power of leadership was noted as early as the Sophomore year when we made her our Class President, and later as a Senior, when she was elected President of the Students' Association. XVe regret to say that in her Senior year. Mary has often made us victims of her 0'l'ersiglif.,' and we hope that her friends will spare her for a little time before this last year reaches a close. She expects to serve her interneship in the XVoman's Hospital of Philadelphia. As to where she will practice. 'l'hat. she says. is the question. Mary is a meml-er of the Y. XY. C. A. Cabinet and of the .X. E. I Fraternity. Happy :lm I: from care I'm free: Why an-n't they all contented like me? Emrrr M.xc:n,xi,ENA LE!-IN1s was horn in Marilla, N. Y., but she has never told how long ago. NYC have known her for just one year. She is a very modest maideng for half a year we called her Miss be- fore we found out accidentally that it should be Dr. Lehnis, being an M.D. of P. and S. of Boston. Also she had studied previously at Masten Park High School and University of Buffalo. She says her Freshman year was fierce, and as for boarding and lodging houses: found them all the same, only more so. 'When tired of her favorite study, the sphenoid bone, she amuses herself with blood counts. She is going to specialize in heart diseases and practice in Buffalo. N. Y. Member of Y. XV. C. A. M .xitv RUTH LEXVI5. May I a small house and a large garden have: And u few friends, and many books, both true, Both wise, und both delightful too 1 JULIA iVlARY Lxvftrwuosici was born in Posen, Germany. After coming to the U. S., her preliminary education was oh- tained at Holy Name High School at Chico- pee, Massg Springfield lhlassfl lligh School! and XVoman's Medical College of Baltimore. She came to XV. RI. C. in the Senior year and through her quiet way and pleasing disposition has won an estimahle place in the class. When she is not study- ing her favorite study, Obstetrics, she amuses herself by skating and going to the theatre. She expects to take an interneship, post-graduate work at Johns llopkins, to specialize in Gynaecology, and to prac- tice in Massachusetts. Member of Jeanne d'Are IA. C. Clubl. l lA'l 1'lii Flu N ii I,ovH. full -IL'I.I.X RIARY Lev.-xxpowsxl. Oh, Love hath charms to soothe the savage breast. To soften rocks or bend a knotted oak. H.ATTIE Fiuxic Love came to us a full- liedged .-XB. from Randolph-Macon XVO- nian's College. Being wry fond of out-door sports, she found diliicnlty in learning to conline her- self to the hoarding-house life: She moved three times in the Freshman year just to pay the rent. as rumor reports. The ex- perience thus acquired titted her for a posi- tion with the lnformation Bureau, and we are not surprised to hear her say that her impressions of the first vear are not print- able. But her college course was well started and well rooted. She was Vice-President of the class 1007-1908: Leader of the Student Volunteer Rand 1008-IOIOQ President of the Young NVotnen's Christian Association 1910- IQIIL Associate Editor of the Sralfwl. Her favorite studies are chemistry and clinical pathology fllll and in both hranches she excels. Member of Y. XV. C. .-X., Student Volunteer lland, and the Basket llall crowd. lfxpects to take an interneship at Memorial llospital, XYorcester, Mass.. and to practice in China. Oh, great 7'mrz.-.ure that raised Love as a pehhle in its S:t't'c'!:c'a!er'.'.' INIARY JA NE KICFALL. Thy modesty's a cradle to thy merit. Being your slave, what should I do but tend Upon the hours and times of your desire? I have no precious time at all to spend, Nor services to do, till you require. Though geographically obscure, Ger- mania, Pa., is famous for being the birth- place of B1-:RTA LIEINE. NVe say birthplace advisedlyg as a matter of fact, Meine has never waked up. Incidentally, she culti- vated the practice of dreaming at Mans- field State Normal and became proficient in the art at Bucknell University. After teaching awhile she came to Wo- man's Medical in order not to be disturbed, thereby at once providing Von with a daily occupation. Meine parts her hair on the side: thinks during Materia Medica quiz, and. if aroused sufiiciently, answers more reasonably than any one else in the class. No interneship for Meine. Her pre- dilection is the microscope and she intends to follow her instinct. if Von will let her after taking a post-graduate course. To our Bert is due the financial suc- cess of Thr' fEscuIafvian's first year of ex- istence. For she has the honor of being its first originator and first Business Mana- ger. Meine was a member of the victorious 1911 teams in the histology contests. Fill up the bowl, then, till it high, Fill all the glasses there-for why Should every creature drink but I? Why, man of mortals, tell me why? BIARY JANE MCFALL was born in Somer- set, Kings County, Nova Scotia. A British subject, so to speak, but Mac has lots of wit, and can see a joke real quick, that is if she stops talking long enough to hear one. Her previous education was obtained at the Provincial High School, and she was a pedagogue before wise judgment brought her to VV. M. C. Upon her arrival she thought, What a mighty lot the Seniors must know ! but since becoming a Senior herself, her opinion has changed. XVe ad- mire in Mac more than any of her nu- merous qualities, the perfect consistency with which she keeps her strong principles in life. She is Associate Business Manager of the Scalpel and member of Y. W. C. A. Cabinet. She expects to take an interne- ship in the Woman's Hospital of Philadel- phia and practice in Somerset, Nova Scotia. BERTA MEINE. To ilreside happiness, to hours of ease. Blest with that charm, the certainty to please. CAROLINE Louisa MOELLER, of New York City, tried to slip quietly into the class in the Senior year, not making any fuss over the hard examinations taken and credit- ably passed in a marvelously short time. But this modesty, Her gesture, motion, and her smiles. Her wit, her voice, our hearts beguiledf' Besides studying in the Training Depart- ment of Normal College, New York, taking an A.B. from the Normal College and doing post-graduate work at New York Univer- sity and Columbia College, she has taught the young idea how to shoot and still found time for her favorite amusement, cutting up. Her future plans are hopes, the interne- ship to be taken in a real home with a post- graduate course of domestic bliss, and practicing in the lVest. Member of Y. W. C. .-X. Associate Busi- ness Manager of The .S'raIfvel. Somut: Osraow, CAi:o1.iNE Lotisc KIoi:i.i.r:n. Silence beyond all speech. a wisdom rare. Sornns Osrnow came to us from Chersan, Russia, just to learn English the iirst year, expecting to take the medical course in live years, but when the first May rolled around, she was answering in quizzes as glibly as anyone: and a few months later the Faculty reported that every member of the Freshman class had passed. Of course, that included Sophie, and we were very proud of her. Furthermore, in the Sopho- more year she received honorable mention for having made the best progress in Physiological Laboratory work of any member of the class. She is always quiet and unassuming and never making any fuss about the splendid work she is doing. If you want to see her really enthusiastic. how- ever. ask her if she likes music and if she ever goes to hear the Philadelphia Or- chestra. especially when Ifhlman is the soloist. lfler favorite study is Practice of Medi- cine, in which she plans to specialize and to take post-graduate work in Europe. then to nractice in XVilmington. Del, OS Dotoxizs Psuiiz-Mlxncnnxn. When we deliberate about beginning, it is already too late to begin. St. Johns, Newfoundland, vaunts itself as the native shore of OLIVE PIPPY. She arrived late one night and has never recu- perated from the habit, she is still the late Miss Pippyf' After traveling educationally through South Lancaster Academy, South Lancas- ter, Mass.g Methodist College, St. Johns, and the School of Art, same city, she took a course in nursing at Melrose, Mass. Then arrived in her inimitable fashion at VV. M. C., where being socially inclined, she be- came invariably scrupulous in keeping the Examination Monitor company to the ex- treme end of the hour. Skating is her favorite amusement, and Rhinology and Laryngology her most en- joyable studies. Pip isn't a giant in stature but is an all-around good fellow, thorough in her work, warm-hearted, and always ready to do a kindly deed for somebody. She is an active member of the Y. NV. C. A. and of the Student Volunteer Band. Her ideal future practice lies in the for- eign tield, whither she intends to betake herself and her pretty white baby seal. A little tact and wise management may often evade iw-sistnnee, and carry a point. where direct force might be in vain. DoLoREs PEREZ-lNlARCHAND after tiring of horse-back riding over the sunny hills of the Tropics, arrived in the U. S. with her brogue and baggage from Ponce, Puerto Rico. She had previously graduated in 1906 from La Alta Escuela de Ponce, Puerto Rico, then entered lVilson College, Chambersburg, Pa., in the fall of 1906. XVhen Lolita came to NV. M. C. she re- ceived such a scare of Anatomy, the box of bones, and Dr. Noble, that she retired to her third story perch and was never useful for anything: a typical drone, until the honor of Junior Literary Editor of The Hisculu- pian pulled her down. Discovering the worth that had been so modestly hidden, the class elected her in the Senior year to be Editor-in-Chief of The Scalfvcl. Lolita grew so in dignity after three years of disciplin- ing obstreperous China that in her Senior year her young brother was entrusted to her chaperonage. She is an associate member of the Y. XV. C. A. Expects to take an interneship in the States: go to Paris, France, for post- graduate work in her favorite study, Gynae- cologyg and then to practice somewhere in Latin America. OLIVE PIPPY. 69 As to their chiefi-st seat Conspieuous and great. Naumburg, on the Saale, Germany, is re- sponsible for titsrzm vox Posvvuc. A pri- vate tutor laid the foundation, Hohere Tochter Schule, Naumburg, threw in the collateralsg and German llospital, Philadel- phia, turned her out- von. She nursed a few incapacitated ones and then descended upon XY. Bl. C. From personally conducting all lectures and quizzes tfrom the front row-west endj to moving Meine about in spots, Von has been on the job since the days of Bones. Doors would still be un- closed-canes remain prone on the anatom- ical floor: college work suspended, had it not been for our ever present Von. A post-graduate course awaits her in Germany, and we see her now carrying off all the honors by force of her personality. A kind heart and an observant eye for trouble and distress lurk beneath that rapa- eious exterior, and wherever she practices, because of these qualities of eye and heart. Von will always make good. She will get the front place or none, and the many who must perforce stand aside from before the sturdy, energetic stride, may feel compen- sation in seeing the needy cheered and up- lifted by the touch of her strong, practical right hand. She is Senior Literary Editor of The Jisculapian. Ss X. ,psi .-Q,.rv l O Donuts Blu' Pksssox. 70 Gisrznv vox Poswrx. Happy Shined those early days when I in my Angel-infancy: Before l understood this place. Pusssox was born a few Domus MM' years ago in Farmington, Me. She is the class, and everybody likes baby of the Dorris, who is so good-natured, pretty, and sweet. She never gets angry when teased. even when presiding over Senior Class meeting. Dorris heartily enjoys a joke an hour or two after everyone else has for- gotten it, and she can tell one too. She carried her school Satchel to the Farmington High School and took a chem- istry course in Farmington State Normal School, and yet when she came to XV. M. C. she wondered if she would ever be wise enough to occupy a front seat. Her favorite study is Obstetrics. with Medicine a close second: and her favorite amusement out of school is camping. Vice-President of Class 'CS-'09: President of Class 'Io-'Ili Chairman of Library Committee of Students' Association. Mem- ber of A. E. I. Fraternity: Associate Mem- ber of Y. XV. C. A. Expects to take an interncship in the Vk'oman's Hospital of Philadelphia. M.uu.x PAGE RYAN. Domestic happiness, the only bliss Of Paradise that has survived the fall! Mus. ELIZABETH CISNEY SMITH was born in Nossville, Huntingdon County, Pa. She attended the Carlisle High School and Southwestern State Normal School, teach- ing afterward in a country school until Mr. Smith came along. They both decided to study medicine and she entered W. M. C. in 1906. In her Senior year, because of a complication which was neither in the na- ture of a broken leg nor typhoid fever, she was unable to graduate in IQIO as she had anticipated, but she says the disap- pointment has been growing less as she realizes what a privilege it is to be a member of the present graduating class. She expects to specialize in Obstetrics and Gynaecology and to practice somewhere west of the Mississippi. L For she was jes' the quiet kind Whose natures never vary, Like streains that keep a summer mind Snow-hid in Jenooaryf' NIARIA PAGE RYAN, of Philadelphia, Pa. Miss Ryan is a thorough lady, quiet and unassuming, a conscientious student, and a steady, earnest worker. Her early educa- tion was obtained at the Girls' High School and Normal School, after which, even while studying medicine, her occupation has been that of teacher in the Philadelphia Normal School. During the Junior year at W. M. C. she was Vice-President and Treasurer of the class. She is a member of the Y. NV. C. A. and the Zeta Phi Fraternity. ELIZABETH CISNEY SMITH. lie only ls a well-made man who has a good determination. HELEN AIONTGOMERY STEWART, of Cham- bersburg, Pa. Helen has moved almost as much as Carolyn and Lovie,-one year it is up town and next it is down town, but no one in the Freshman year could equal her ardor for getting up at 4 A. M. to studv for Dr. Noble's quizzes. ln the she Junior year as President of the class safely piloted and brought it across the shoals and through the breakers to the shore of the Senior year. Previous to coming to VY. M. C. she at- tended Wilson College. At NY. M. C. she was President of the class in Junior year, and Secretary of the Students' Associa- tion 1908-OO. Her favorite study is Obstet- rics. She expects to take an iuterneship in the XYoman's Medical College llospital. Maxx' I. SULLIVAN. llizmzx MoxTuox1r:Rr STEWART. What then remains. but well our power to use, And keep good humor still wl1ate'er we lose? And trust me. dw-ar. good humor can prevail, When airs. :md flights, and screams, and scolding fail. It took the largest city of the Union, New York City, to send us MARY I. SULLI- V.-KN in our Senior year. lYe stood in awe of her because she was already an M.D. from New York Medical College and Hos- pital for Xl'omen, but soon her large heart had won us all. Before studying medicine she attended Blessed Sacrament Convent. The Little One says the first year in medicine happened in her first childhood and therefore too long ago to remember. l-fer favorite amusement is to compile sta- tistics for the .Sl-alfrl and her favorite study is infant feeding formulae. Anes- thesia c.i'r1usi:'eIy is to be her specialty. and her practice to be located in New York City with a branch office in Texas. Member of Jeanne d'Arc CA. C. Clubj. L1-YUIN TsAo. My love in her attire doth show her wit, It doth so well become her: F01' every season she hath dressings fit, For winter, spring and summer. JOSEFINA M. VILL.AF.NNE. Villa's birth- place is questioned: does she come from Humacao or from Yabucoa? NVell, let it suffice to say that she comes from Puerto Rico and that to Puerto Rico she will rc- turn as soon as possible . . . perchance to build a happy nest, scented by tropical flowers and brightened by her own sweet music. One advice we give Villa : before that GREAT DAY arrives, do learn how to sew on your coat buttonsg paying fifty cents apiece for the sewing of one fallen button is too much expense for good, economical housekeeping. Attended Puerto Rican Academy, Balti- more, Md. Then entered NVoman's Medi- cal College of Baltimore, where she finished the first three years, coming to us for the last year. Expects to specialize in her favorite study, Pediatrics, and to practice in Puerto Rico. Member of Jeanne d'Arc CA. C. Clubj. Because her womanhood is such That, as in court-days, subjects kiss The queen's hand yet so ni-ar a touch Atlirms no mean faniiliarnessg Anticipating the glory of being some day tlzc lJ1'0grapl1ers of a famous woman, we have followed LI-YUIN Ts,xo's college career with keen interest. Miss Zoa is a daughter of the Celestial Empire and in- deed she does honor to the traditional cul- ture and courtesy of Asia. HCl1I.lll1,SU boarding house experiences have been hitter as gall. However. she linds in everyday life favorite amusements -tennis and rowing. Attended Anglo-Chinese Girls' School, Shanghai, China, for live years. Then two years in Kwasui Jo Gakko, Nagasaki, japan, where she obtained the medal for highest scholarship. Came to the United States in 1905 and immediately entered Forest Park University, St. Louis, Mo., where she graduated in 1907. Member of Y. W. C. A. Cabinet: Treas- urer of the Undergraduate Medical Asso- ciation, IQO8-IQIOQ Vice-President of the Class IQIO-IQII2 Associate Editor of the Svalpel. Expects to take interneship and post-graduate work in United States of Americag specialize in Gynaecology and Ob- stetrics and practice in China. ' vfzgly t nf JOSEFINA M. VILLAFANE. What sacred lnstinct dld lnsplre My soul ln childhood wltli a hope so strong? What secret force moved my desire To expect my joys beyond the seas, so young? FLORENCE R. NVE.-wi-:R is a skeeter orig- inally froxn Bridgeton, N. J., where she buzzed around the highest honors in the High School, and afterwards at W. M. C. during her second year liew away with a prize for the best daily papers in Physiol- ogy. Also in both the Sophomore and junior years she was a member of the vic- torious IQII teams in the histology con- tests. In her Freshman year, however, she was as green as grass, if a skeeter can be, and did not dare go a block without a diction- ary. The everlasting anterior and poste- rior, internal and external, superior and in- ferior surfaces, borders and ridges of this, that or the other bone, left little room for any other impressions except those of muscles. Member of Student Volunteer Band, and Y. NV. C. A. Cabinet. She expects to take an interneship, a year in the Baptist Train- ing School at Newton Centre, Mass., dur- ing which time also attending clinics in Boston: to specialize in Gynaecology, and to practice in India. Emrn VVINN VVsi.novnNF. Fnoazsci-1 R. VVEAVLR. wondrous is the strength of clieerfulness: Altogether past calculation its power of en- durance. Mas. EDITH XVINN XVI-:LBOURNE was born in Zanesville, Ohio. She is a living won- der: after getting diplomas from a number of business schools, she was not content, so at XV. M. C. began to study medicine. teaching at the same time three nights in the week in a commercial school. Even when a holiday came around she spent the precious moments working in a hospital. A few of the above named business col- leges are: the Barnes Business College of St. Louis, No.3 Rochester Business Insti- tute, Rochester, N. Y. She obtained di- plomas from Judson University, Judsonia, Ark.: Springfield CMOJ Normal School. and Springheld Business College. Some- where and sometime in her career, also. she became a member of the Eastern Star Chapter, Daughters of Rebecca, and O. G. S. Fraternity. Her favorite amusements are hunting, fishing and horseback riding, and her favor- ite study is Surgery. She expects to take an interneship in the VVoman's Hospital of Philadelphia, a year at Cincinnati Eclectic. to specialize in Oph- thalmology. and to practice somewhere in the United States. l9ll With ambition and courage they entered college, Steady in purpose for medical knowledge. From Russia and China, and the isles of the sea, From the East and West of our own country, Strange and awkward and ill at ease, But they worked very hard and tried to please. Four years they took their notes together, Four years they frowned at Phila's weather, But at clinics and lectures you found them all From Barton's door to old Blockley's wall. A record they made that is earned by few, For they did the best that they could do. Now out in the wide, wide world they go From the Tropic's heat to the Arctic's snow. What will they do? What do I hear? A voice in the distance, loud and clear- Success will crown their efforts all, If their purpose be true and honest their call. But what is Success-not paltry pelf- 'Tis working for others and forgetting self. This will they do and then will they share A place that is worthy-a name that is fair. M. 75 RL The History of 1911 , ,Mg Sb C vang , I X 5 HE twenty-sixth day of September, 1907, was 4-- 'Ax - auspicious in the history of the Woman's Medical 's-. ' .' 5, ,5' , College of Pennsylvania, for into its catalogue was it ,V born the Class of IQII. XYe arrived, crude, undeveloped, unsopliis- it ticated, and innoxious, verily base metal in ' i f the rough , but, knowing our resources, boldly . assailed the College curriculum and with cheer- ful confidence firmly set our faces towards that which our College course had in store for us. Our resources? Countries and states, far and near, had sent us, without stint or measure, of their best,-in the raw state, it is true, but teeming with large, latent possibilities. Let us see upon what we had to count: Chinese dignity blended with Spanish modesty, German ambi- tion sustained and steadied by Pennsylvania Dutch ability. Reserve in abundance came to us from Russia, while from Farmington, Maine, came jaunty vivacity to keep us all merry at heart. Ohio's quota was Decision, while Tennessee's was Love. Nova Scotia saw the need of Thrift and Newfoundland Humility, so sent their portions. Industry came from Chambersburg, Energy from Wlilliamsportg Perseverance from Ligonier, Diligence from Centre Moreland, which, added to Self-reliance from Mahanoy City, made a noble list from Pennsylvania. The Capital of our Country sent Grace to temper the whole, whereas Amiability came from Arkansas and Sincerity all the way across the continent from VVashing- ton State, to make us true to our calling. Nor must we omit one of our most consistent, yet unobtrusive virtues which came to us from New Jersey--Constancy. Philadelphia? From this city of Brotherly Love we have obtained some of our strongest virtues-Gratz Street Kindliness and South Broad Street Gentleness make us indeed, a pleasant pair. There's Piety from Thirty-fourth Street and an enormous supply of Faithfulness from Christian Street. XVhile VVallace Street, with loving zeal, wedges us around with a continuous supply of Prudence. A gen- erous share of our cleverness came from Germantown. but unfortunately 76 we have lost it en trauisit through our strenuous college career-a sacri- fice to scientific endeavor. fRecently we acquired Cheerfulness and Tact from New York, Intrepidity from Poland, Courtesy from Baltimore, Innocence from Porto Rico, and Tranquillity from Buffaloj Finally, we come to Virginia's contribution. In her wisdom, she saw that this wonderful character so carefully and wonderfully built up, leaned too near to divine perfection, so sent one touch to make it human- Egotism. Having dutifully attended the dedication exercises of the New Hos- pital, we listened to certain dire warnings, and hurriedly enrolled our- selves on Dr. Noble's notebook, acquiring Bones as a boon companion. Rumor has it that a certain elegant portion of us assumed kid gloves in the pursuit of Osteology, and that another portion passed sleepless nights listening to weird rattlings coming from the vicinity of Bone box No. 17. Rumor was never sustained, however, so we consign it to the depths to which such mysteries belong. Upon organization, Miss Elizabeth Clark was elected president, Miss Groves, secretary, and Miss Love, vice-president and treasurer, after which a class pin was adopted as a birthright. Pitying the homesick plight of the babies,'? Dr. Helen Proctor invited us out to her house to become acquainted with some of the instruc- tors. Here we forgot our woes in delightful music and three kinds of cake, but, subsequently, in infantile irresponsibility shirked the party call. We have neglected to mention our natural enemies, the Sophomores, who showed a noble spirit of magnanimity in refusing to assume even a censorship towards our fresh and green performances. Instead, they beautifully entertained us on HalloWe'en Night at a masquerade ball, during the course of which, however, they gave us much needed advice in a spook burlesque over a witch-fire . Dissection, the anticipated bugbear of Freshmen, the joy of Sopho- mores and the horror of laymen, arrived in due course of events. and the class in gloves and gasps sought the Sky Parlor . History states that only one nose went into retirement--truly a noble record when one con- siders the fearful provocation! We have neither time nor space to cite the unending trials and hardships of that evil twenty weeks. Suffice it to say, that we emerged finally a Usadder and wiser class with deeply rooted opinions of demonstrators, loving and otherwise. Dissection, however, was child's play to the woes and miseries of the Histological Art Department. Here we learned to cook, and under Dr. Cushing's kind tutelage became experts in the art of baking. Later ll the snares and delusions of slide identification awoke in us wild suicidal tendencies which culminated on the day before Christmas vacation in a written quiz, the like of which was never before nor since seen in the record of that department! The strength for renewed efforts gained during the holidays stood for atoms in the rays of Dr. LeFfmann's polarized light which he boldly cast upon our enfeebled brain-cells. What wonder that the light passed over us and saw us not! What wonder that after perusing a stack of painfully abstruse abstracts he gently said: No use to rehash the sub- ject ! Incubation days of Embryology were fraught with absorbing interest but overpowering mental decrepitude. After which, explanations were in order from Miss Musson as to why she did not give the entire class the loo mark on their endeavor to adjust incompatibilities and coax iron and tannin to overcome their uncongeniality. As spring closing drew near, practical Anatomy Examination as- sumed terrifying proportions, but upon the kindness of Dr. Noble in misplacing her long-suffering note-book, the entire class was enabled to go up for exams and, passing same, thereby established a hitherto un- known precedent in the college, viz., credit for admission to the second year class without the failure of a member. CHAPTER II. September 23, 1908, the class re-assembled as Sophomores, and very shortly afterwards reorganized with Miss Lewis as president, Miss Ells- worth, secretary, and Miss Presson, vice-president and treasurer. The most important work that confronted the class, in its new aspect, was the subjugation of a bold, self-assertive and decidedly ver- dant Freshman class. Our own superiority was firmly established in a paper of goodly proportions, but modestly set forth, containing excellent morals and the best advice, and posted conveniently for the edification of the youngsters, guarded by two of our own bravest and most heroic members. Later, a truce was called and we entertained the Freshmen at a Halloween masquerade party, a social event honored by customary usage in the college. Here we presented a drama. written by Miss Groves. in which the best histrionic talent in the class was displayed, each carrying off high honors, the youth and agility of the hens vying in attraction with the witch and cross bone lanterns which insisted on taking fire at improper intervals, thus distracting the Dean's attention at all important climaxes. 78 The Ball out of the way, the class settled down to the one absorbing science of the Sophomore year. Here we learned to obliterate all facial expression of joy over a fellow sufferer's mistakes, as well as to write, at ten minutes length, under a daily interrogation point, a learned disser- tation upon erudite material drawn from pedantic vacuums. Matter not pertaining to the subject being counted against the writer, our ingenuity was taxed to the utmost to bring the one hundredth word to a period with- out deviating too noticeably from a wholly unintelligible and obscure scientific theme. Frogs and turtles became our daily torture or delight, according to our variously susceptible temperaments, while unresponsive amphibian nerves and spent batteries tried the temper of the meekest. The advent of the Bazaar brought with it a pleasant variation in College work. To assist in furnishing the candy booth, Dr. Noble enter- tained us handsomely at her country home where we spent the evening in competitive candy-making. The most delicious work of the evening was done jointly by Misses VVeaver and Pippy to whom was awarded the prize, a beautiful hand-painted bon-bon dish. Christmas vacation brought a happy cessation of hostilities on the part of intrepid quiz-masters-but not before we had given Mattie and Rosey affecting farewells, presented in the form of papers of rather doubtful scientific import. Mention must be made of the agonizing period through which we passed before Hygiene Examination when the pos- sibility of our Adelaide flunking seemed imminent. The natural bravery of the class rallied loyally and heroically to the occasion and the panic was stayed. Another event of interest which occurred just prior to the holidays was the first basket-ball game of the season in which the Sophomores and Freshmen contested spiritedly for the pennant. The close scoring brought forth enthusiastic rooting from the large number of hilarious fans who turned out to cheer on the opponents. The resulting tie gave promise of an opportunity to fight it out early in the coming year. After the holidays, the termination of chemistry was celebrated by an entertainment given in honor of our instructors in that department. Dr. Leffmann entertained us delightfully during the evening by bringing out for our benefit his choicest and most amusing stories. The principal event of the second term occurred in March, when the Freshmen challenged the Sophomores to a contest in identification of histological slides. VVe sent up, as our champions, Misses W'eaver, Meine, Davis and Betts Clark, to contend with four especially chosen experts from the Freshman class. The contest was hardly fought and 79 won, the prize being the right to hang the class pennant upon the walls of the Histological Laboratory. Hilarious members of the two classes gathered upon the bridge to await the returns. So close was the scoring and so confident each side of winning, egged on by Dr. Cushing's panto- mimes through the windows, that the walls were taxed to withstand the expressions of satisfaction given forth by the friends of the combatants. Proper expression of appreciation to our victorious champions was given by the class in an impromptu banquet at Brinton Hall. The table was decorated in green and yellow effects. Vases of jonquils and ferns acting as bases for radiating strands of yellow ribbon connecting place cards with histological slide glasses each of which contained a limerick compiled by Miss Presson hitting off the pet vices of all present. The President, Miss Lewis, acted as toastmistress and sustained the position with her usual grace and tact. The toasts given by Misses Tsao, Ells- worth and Love won heartiest applause, while the excellent conduct of Miss Stewart as waitress and the complete surprise to the guests made the occasion one long to be remembered. The year was rapidly drawing to a close when a tragic event occurred in anatomy lecture, so tragic that even Von was too completely crushed to respond with her usual observant ministrations to the first gentleman in college. In other words, in his agitation not to omit one word of Gray's Anatomy, Dr. Morris reached too hurriedly for his pacilier. There was a fearful grinding noise of splintering wood and the anatomical cane appeared on the floor in two fragments. XX'ords fail to express the disastrous effect, anatomically speaking, on the lecture. The advent of Easter vacation was hailed with enthusiasm, inasmuch as it brought the happy termination of animosity on the part of the class towards the Physiological ice house. At the Hnal meeting of the class in physiology, Dr. Lathrop sprang an overwhelming but delightful sur- prise by giving honorable exemption to Misses Ellsworth, VVeaver, Love, Davies, Meine, Presson, and Lewis, though several others later found themselves officially exempt. Miss Ostrow was honorably mentioned for having made the most progress in laboratory work during the year, while Miss XVeaver received the prize- The Harvey Lectures -offered by Dr. Hall for the best record made under the Daily Question. Dissecting days soon afterwards came to their odoriferous end, the pathological phonograph paused: the oratorical lightning express came to a full stop and we sighed despairingly as practical Anatomy Ex- amination day drew near, knowing that even surviving that ordeal, we 80 could not escape our Waterloo on the day scheduled for our meeting with Dr. Morris in the East Lecture Hall. The closing of Sophomore year marked a period in our college career. Our childish days were over, so we bade goodby to our primary educational stock in trade c and turned our thoughts with much outward enthusiasm, but inward trepidation, to the startling fact that only four short months lay between us and the wisdom of Juniors. CHAPTER III. September 22, 1909, saw the happy reunion of the class as juniors, with the joyful realization that at last we might be looked upon as upper classmen ! Class elections soon took place: Miss Stewart was elected presidentg Miss Carolyn Clark, secretary, and Miss Ryan, vice-president and treasurer. The Hrst flush of joy over our accession to a lofty station in life vanished as suddenly as it had appeared when we found ourselves in the presence of our superiors for rather behind themj and realized that henceforth we were to be designated only as third row backers. No kindly attention from Dr. Potter to know our views on the dose question was sufficient to raise our depressed spirits, for we realized in whose presence we sat, and the knowledge radiating from Seniors' backs effectually restrained all spontaneity of irrational responses. Attendance upon Posts was not fraught with unmixed enjoyment, rather a sigh of relief was provoked when we were at last permitted to dispose ourselves compactly about the Pathological Bureau of Informa- tion. Much doubt lingers as to whether superabundant pathological lore permeated our intelligence 5 sufhce to say, we accepted it in as com- fortable positions as circumstances permitted, Von surpassing us all by becoming addicted to the arm-chair habit. Sections scheduled for German Hospital displayed the traditional susceptibility for Dr. Page, disproving once and for all their vanishing propensity for physical diagnosis. Echoes from Maternity always resounded with exciting incidents. Hear Helen or Dee tell of the momentous events taking place in the Junior room, and Dorris of the excellent meals served ten squares away. Even Love came in for her share of excitement when, in a momentary departure from her customary practice of never sitting in the presence of an opportunity to remain standing, she inadvertently seated herself, with vim, upon the new baby's hot water bottle! Christmas vacation brought the fulfillment of its usual promise of tl'Viz., laboratory and dissecting room implements. 81 renewal of energies and revival of decrepit ambitions. After which we sought the Sky Parlor to renew surgical acquaintance with Dr. Collins. The miniature amphitheatre struggled to hold the surgical lore imbibed by twenty-seven ambitious embryo surgeons. Here Helen learned, inci- dentally, that in sewing up a wound, turning in the raw edges had better be dispensed with, neatness being a negligible quantity, while Carolyn obtained the useful information that the surgical subjects were inad- visable for gym demonstrations. Later, however, there were real gym subjects and never before were such genuine signals of distress hung out as after these social hours with Dr. Potter and Dr. Hillman. From the signiiicant remarks heard on all sides, it is safe to predict that Dr. Potter learned twenty-seven new and startling methods of performing each of the seven operations performed by the class. The challenge of the Freshmen to a Histological slide contest was accompanied by the rumor that our pennant, hanging upon the walls of the Histological Laboratory, was in jeopardy. The natural spirit of the class rallied to its support and we sent our quota of four, three of whom, Betts, D, and Skeeter, were former champions of the class, Brydon being the addition. It came as a shock of surprise to hear the returns giving us the victory g a hardly won victory it is true, for we won only with an exceedingly narrow margin. Dr. Cushing presented each member of the winning team with a copy of Pain, a translation from the German by Karl M. Vogel, M.D., and Hans Zinsser, M.D. It was about this time that two of our classmates, being literarily inclined, presented the Students' Association with the idea of a college paper, and brought out the initial number of The ESCMIGPHIDI. This was eventually adopted by the Association and three of our members, because of our near proximity to Seniordom, were placed on the staff of editors, viz., Misses Perez-Marchand, Meine, and Brydon. just prior to the annual grind for examinations a delightful treat was given us consisting of a jolly train ride to Glenolden, Pa.. to visit the Mulford Company's Vaccine Laboratories. After a thoroughly enjoyable and instructive investigation of all the latest methods in the mechanics of vaccine points, we returned happily to the city, laden with candy, vaccine literature and wild violets. CHAPTER IV. Seniors! At last l The joy, the bliss of our hrst meeting as we grasped each others' hands, in exhilaration of spirits, told of the culmination of three years' 82 patient endeavor. We were Seniors at last! No words can describe the exalted rapture that filled our hearts for the first few short days of our last year in college-a sensation of happiness that can come only once in a lifetime and that, under circumstances similar to ours. But realization came in its turn! Seniors, yes! But where was the vaunted knowledge accredited to the genus Senior? Where the funda- mental but scientific erudition upon which we were to build all our hopes for future recognition? Verily, we had it not, and whether we presented, to our little world, a wise and scholastic mien, or whether a proud and irreproachable demeanor, as erstwhile Seniors, the historian knoweth not. However, realization had come and we hastened to become something more than name only. It was the portentous cloud of State Board that cast black shadows over our giddy footsteps and sent us in gloomy procession to seek recrea- tion at Arty's house. Here the fascination of watching the creeping, but closely guarded, rocking chair and the diversion promoted by cracked pot sounds, awoke in us a renewed joy in living that all the foreshadowing of State Boards could not entirely eradicate. History was being made with exasperating slowness under the auspices of Senior obstetricians at Maternity Hospital. All the pre- ceding summer we had hurried in endless succession to take our FIVE CASES. Only a few flashes of humor have descended to our record, to these, however, we can give but passing mention owing to our limited space. Who will not but enjoy Dunny's dilemma and her brave and heroic solutiong even though it carried her defenselessly through an attack upon a pair of brilliant illuminated swinging doors at midnight and on past the curious gaze of many masculine eyes to the 'phone at the far end? Who will not applaud Iimmy's conscientious guardianship over two unchaperoned obstetricians wandering aimlessly about the evil neighborhood of Second Street at two o'clock of a dark morning? Al- though it required the unenthusiastic cooperation of Dee to the extent of the relinquishment of a comfortable bed, yet were the Wanderers found fsafely housedj, and the rescuers returned with flying colors. The overwhelming responsibility of taking histories, making blood- counts, visiting real patients and following charts have been ours to the extent of iive hospital cases. . It was pleasant to be addressed as Doctor, but verily a fall attendeth pride, for the estimation of our worth would not bring a high valuation when the cognomen was accompanied by such appeals as Oh, Doctor, please give me something to relieve this pain! The determination to bring out a Class Book was attended with many harrowing and nerve-wrecking experiences due to the unprecedented 83 nature of such a movement. Miss Perez-Marchand, however, having originated the idea, was made its most efficient editor-in-chief and Miss Bash its business manager. The presence of this history upon its pages is significant of its success, yet it is but meet that the historian, in this place, give at least one word of tribute to those whose names may be read under the title of The Staff , the perpetrators of this volume. To them we extend our loving but inadequate thanks for their successful endeavor to raise our class into an honorable position. If in the future this class never accom- plishes aught of greatness, there is eternally the satisfaction of having produced the Staff of The Scalpel of the Class of 1911. Before separating for the Christmas holidays, we took two snowy, fascinating trips to the Municipal Hospital. Here the delightful hos- pitality enhanced by voluminous protectors and the cheerful promptness of the little one made the instruction in scarlet fever and diphtheria a memorable occasion. Soon after this event we saw the psychological close of Dermatology and Orthopaedics, respectively-the happy termination of which resulted, in the new year, in the conspicuous prominence of the college seal pin upon a few courageous bosoms. Then the Dean extricated us from among the Freshmen and introduced Dr. Moulton as our future source of supply for Psychiatric information, whereupon Lovie promptly fell asleep. Later, Dr. Moulton complimented us upon our close attention to his lectures and, as a reward of merit, invited us out to the Insane Department of the Philadelphia Hospital, where he had arranged a series of demonstrations for our instruction. The opening of the new Clinical Amphitheatre marked an epoch in our surgical and gynaccological studies. XVe are now enabled to see more operations than formerly, but the privilege had its drawbacks, how- ever, when disinclination or sections conflicted, and the wide, expansive tiers of seats gleamed vacantly to the disadvantage of the absentee. Even a five minutes' tardiness on the part of the noted eight delinquents revealed a deficit in our ranks and precipitated an untimely roll call. The work of the year has gone on apace. Section work, whose intri- cacies taxed our ingenuity to keep in order, has, nevertheless, given broad and valuable lessons in practical work. Numerous evening seances over dubious Reports,' have emphasized our ability to invariably miss the main point in the case, all chagrin, however, being at once removed by the timely appearance of a sustaining cup of delicious coffee or cocoa. We have even braved the evils of foregoing our morning rest in order to tabulate temperature and inspect the victims of gym ward class. 84 Once, we passed through a period during which we lost articles of personal value with alarming rapidity. It culminated finally in a reunion at the headquarters of The Sherlock Holmes Club where the lost articles were safely recovered and returned to their injured owners as a surprise, while the Freshmen class serenaded in the street below. The evening pased in a round of hilarity, ending in all the class stunts, viz., the class cough fproduced by Miss Lovejg the class giggle Q given by Miss Ostrowj 3 the class blush Qdemonstrated by Miss Dun- lapj 3 and finally, the class sneeze fperformed by Miss Pressonj. These and many other incidents, happy and otherwise, have we lived through to realize now, in the posted notice of final exams, that the termination of our pleasant companionship is near at hand. No group of people, striving together for the same goal, may do so without gaining for itself, as a whole, a reputation of some sort, honorable or otherwise. And we have not been remiss in this respect, with an added misfortune, however, in that our reputation thus gained has not been borne out in our integral parts. For instance, we have had our somnolent few-notably Lolita and Lovie, -who, comfortably ensconsed beneath rear benches, have successfully evaded the flying shafts of surgical scorn, in full view of the envious eyes of the unhappy recip- ients. There have been the interrogatory few, martyr-like, bent on rescuing the non-studious from the derision of a too-conscientious quiz master. The light-hearted and frivolous have their place among us, as well as misdirected ambitions, long physiological reaction periods and the systematic cutter Qof quizzes and lecturesj. Thus it may be seen, that in spite of a reputation honesty compels the historian to record the sad fact that ours is not a model class. Indeed, our internal relations have sometimes been the reverse of peaceable-far from it. Squabbles, fights and heated arguments have time and again challenged our integrity. Yet have we one boast, and proudly we proclaim it-our one honest virtue-our unity. Throughout our years of trial and unrest we have held together. Problems, to solve which have called forth at times bitter- ness of spirit, have yet never been important enough to cause the with- drawal of any one member from the rest. Of this we are proud and, as we move on to the last scene in which we are to appear as a united whole, we realize more and more the love we, as individuals, bear to our class. The time has come when we must separate. VVoman's Medical has given us of her bestg each one of us has thrown out her measure of influence for good or ill, as the case may be, upon her classmates for the last time, our kind instructors also have striven for the last time to prove to us that our interests have always been theirs and not the contrary as 85 we so oftcn felt in our hopelessness of attainment. All these forces that we have received are now in our own hands. It is ours to gather up the threads and finish the building of our true characters-ours, to make them a credit to ourselves and a credit to our Alma Mater. There is room for each one of us at the top of the Ladder of F ame, and to reach it is within the means of each-fif we choose to make use of our assets. As we look back over the past years of struggle, tears and final triumph we realize not only the power and impetus for good that we have gained through our fellowship with each other, but a truer zeal for nobler ideals of life will ever come when we turn to the memory of these four years of kindly affection and loving companionship that we have spent with our own classmates. MARY EVELYN BRYDON, Class Histonhn. 86 Prophetic Words for the Class of 1911 the days his ancient garb and snowy beard corre sponded w1tl1 t11e numerous well filled volumes therc but tl1e dauntless spirit and faith in his face indicated as strong an interest in entries to be made for future years as had guided his pen in the past. One item of this day had particularly interested him: Thirty-two names he had added to the Alumnae of the WOl11Hll,S Medical College of Pennsylvania, it now numbered over two thousand, and he pondered. The reverie was interrupted, how- ever, by the appearance of a sprightly, lively elf who had been consigned to earth four years, now come to Father Time to make report. The work to me assigned to guide the Class of IQII of W. M. C. through the toils and labors of their arduous course, as you have just recorded, has been duly accomplished, and they in their last will and testament have bequeathed through me tl1e spirit of the class to their sister IQI3. Good Father Time, before upon this new work I engage grant me one request! Let it be thy pleasure for me to see where these my charges are in thirty years. A just reward for work so well performed, my childg granted is thy wish. With eyes that see thirty years hence I now endow thee. Depart to earth, but come again and tell me what develops, for I, Time, a healer myself, am interested in these medics. For days and days, on the face of the earth this persistent spirit wandered, then at length returned and to the Sage of Time reports: Great work! Good father, these eyes have served me well and revealed most interesting results. On nearing earth I met throngs of vessels of the air and observed many of great speed. These, I soon saw, belonged largely to the medical profession, therefore I began to look for my friends and was attracted to one aeroplane of peculiar grace and beauty. The sole occupant was a woman much absorbed in thought, thin and pale, evidently overworked. Unobserved, I took passage with her and in a short time we alighted in Chicago and I followed the lady to a building surrounded by numerous children, the bedlam of sounds ATI-IER TIME sat i11 his sanctum recording events of it ' it 37 issuing forth indicated as many within. From the maimed, halt and rachitic appearance of the children I decided it must be a doctor's office and from the evident popularity of the doctor she must be a W. M. C. woman, however, from her appearance evidently a stranger to me. Then I read the plate on the door-Dr. Mary Sullivan, Pediatrician. In abashment at my own stupidity at not recognizing our good friend of the Cor Bovinum I departed. In the next square I met a magnificent machine exceeding time limit, so seated myself beside the chauffeur for some excitement. A gentleman and lady much engrossed with the use of technical terms were the other occupants. We came to a large hospital and I learned the man was a very great surgeon, the lady, his consultant in all grave cases, was his wife, whose jovial, happy face revealed none other than our former Dr. Anne Caffrey. There was an accident in the air not far above, so I Hew up to see what was doing and found that Dr. Pippy, in fiying down from Newfound- land with her characteristic haste, had collided with Dr. Bash, the neu- rologist of Kansas City, who was out for an afternoon 'airing.' Both doctors were seriously injured. but they fell into good hands, for an ambulance from St. Paul deposited them in the operating-room of Dr. Adelaide Ellsworth, who operates on almost every individual she sees. Her fame exceeds even that of the Mayos of her student days, so I think she is satisfied. At any rate her days are full of pleasure, for no descending sun finds her otherwise engaged than with knives and sutures. The American Medical Association was in session in St. Louis, so I attended several sessions and was very much gratified to see familiar names on the program. Dr. Dorris M. Presson. Professor of Practice of Medicine of NV. M. C., in a most interesting manner discussed the relation of Capillary Bronchitis to Broncho-pneumonia. Her mannerism is much the same as that of her famous predecessor. Dr. Helen Stewart, Dean of XY. M. C., read extracts from her recent book on 'XVon1en in Medicine' This was much applauded by the men who were present. Dr. Ryan, a very successful general practitioner of Philadelphia, was presiding, and introduced Dr. Perez-Marchand, of Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic. It seems that the time of the latter is now occupied almost entirely in giving to the world new books on medicine that are rich in the fruits of her successes and experiences. Her snowy hair and feeble step had quite altered her appearance. Frequent reference was made to Dr. Meine's research work in the Cumming's laboratories of New Orleans. She is making a record equal to that of Ehrlich. Dr. Moeller, Professor of Physiology of Cornell University, was elected president of the Asso- 88 ciation for the ensuing year. I saw Dr. Carolyn Clark and Dr. Edith Winn Welbourne leaving, so followed them out, for I knew any conversa- tion I might overhear would be interesting. Dr. Clark's husband was the retiring president of the Association. He is Professor of Chemistry in the University of California, and they are co-editors of one of the best medical journals now published. She does not look as old as most of her class, because, being a blonde, she retains her youthful, vivacious appearance, and Dr. Welbourne of Seattle certainly enjoys living with the same old vigor, and takes just as much trouble to look pretty. Her face shows no lines of worry or care, despite the large obstetrical practice she has engaged in for years. Her private Pullman was so enticing that I settled myself in a corner to enjoy a comfortable ride in the mountains. They, I learned, were going to spend the next day at a neuro sanitarium near Laramie, VVyoming. It certainly was a charming spot enfolded in the bosom of the mountains. The blue sky above-the white peaks in the distance-the waterfalls in the valleys beneath made a setting most com- plete for the little old lady who greeted us. Her furrowed brow and silver locks, her happy smile and optimism quite transformed the Dr. Jamison I used to know. I traveled on with Dr. Welbourne next day, then flew across to China, where, of course, I expected to find Dr. Love, Dr. Tsao and Dr. Brydon. But Dr. Brydon alone remains at the post. Her fortitude would stand anything, and she is happy because she can have her own original way in everything. Dr. Tsao, as chief lady at the Chinese Embassy in Rome, occupies her time with matters of state-which you may be sure she does with both grace and dignity. Dr. Love after a few years here, married-not a missionary-not a minister or states- man-not even a doctor, as one would have supposed, but a patent medi- cine man. However, 'Lovey' makes their luxurious home in Southern California a real philanthropic center. I went by steamer from Canton down to Melbourne, Australia, to see Dr. Kress. The trip was really delightful-just like the good old days when mortals wasted freely their time and substance in this way. Dr. Kress has a beautiful Sanitarium here, but her work must be very trying even though she has such success-she looks aged, and the beauty and grace of her trim figure and elastic step are quite gone. Her new treatment of tuberculosis has succeeded in wiping the white plague from this continent. From here I went with a passing bird to Ludhiana, India. Dr. Weaver's happy smile is still in evidence, despite the silver in her hair. And the retention of her former placidity evinced the fact that the care of a husband and six stalwart sons weighs not heavily upon her. 80 In Odessa, Russia, I found Dr. Ostrow-happy as the day is long, extending to all her friends a cordial welcome to that rapidly developing republic. Her husband and daughter are also physicians, and they have a splendid maternity hospital, where beautiful Ionic columns overlook the waters of the Black Sea. Dr. Levandoski is a very successful laryngologist in Moscow. I roamed around Europe awhile, thinking I might meet some familiar globe-trotters, but while I heard of former visits made by my charges to Vienna, Berlin, Paris and Edinburgh in the days when they were still ma-king preparations for the work to follow, none were there now. On the contrary, students and doctors from these places were en route for America for advance work. I joined a group who were bound for New York, and as they stopped at Ellis Island to observe the new method of immigrant investigation established there, I tarried also. In a manner neither meek nor mild were these poor creatures being examined, no detail was omitted and officers as well as applicants tremblingly car- ried out the instructions of the chief in charge-Dr. Gisela von Poswik. Enforcement of the law to the letter was evidently her motto. The papers in New York were giving glowing accounts of Dr. Lehnis, the otologist of Boston. No longer can it be said of New Englanders, 'Ears have they, but they hear not.' Before leaving New York it was my good fortune to attend one of Dr. Mary J. McFall's famous dinner parties. Her friends are as numerous as her patients, and on this particular occasion the quality of the wines with which she was feasting them was only exceeded by that of the wit and wisdom she dispensed. On coming through Pennsylvania I drew near Mahanoy City and was curious indeed to see such crowds flocking to its borders. They were all immense people-men and women of ponderous avoirdupois, with faces expressing grim determination. As I joined the throng, we passed on and on until we came to a large building. Here they were received and carefully registered in a most systematic way. I tarried outside to read the sign over the gate. It was 'Sanitarium for Anti-Obese Treat- ment.' Cn the other side of the building people were issuing lank and lean, with baggy trousers and dragging skirts. I wondered by what magic are these apparently respectable people become so hideous and yet so perfectly happy. A most hopeful, self-satisfied expression was on each face, all because of the great success of Dr. Davies' anti-fat discovery. Near Philadelphia I was attracted to two suburban homes. In one dwelt Dr. Garrett, retired. The beautiful garden, the vine-covered walls and shady lawn, all attested to the fact that this dear lady was prepared 00 to spend a delightful old age in an ideal spot. In the other Dr. Bailey, cheerful and happy, attended to the comforts of her family, but left practice to her husband and son. On my way into the city I was in a horrible railroad wreck. Many were injured and there was much confusion, but the railroad surgeon in charge managed all with such dexterity that my admiration prompted me to seek an interview, so posing as an injured one myself I was placed under the care of Dr. Dunlap. We became pretty well acquainted and I found she had lost none of her old propensity for news gathering. She had recently visited Dr. Villafane in Porto Rico, who delights to enter- tain her American friends in her ,pretty southern villa, but whose hus- band has charge of the practice. Dr. Dunlap also told me of the splendid work in Ophthalmology Dr. Smith is doing in Harrisburg. In Baltimore she said one of the leading gynecologists is Dr. Agnes Hockaday, who holds a professorship in the Johns Hopkins University. ' Having met Dr. Ryan, Dr. Presson and Dr. Stewart in St. Louis I did not hunt them up now, but did visit the college. Its superb new build- ings extend to Ridge Avenue and the large number of students was a surprise to me. But nothing appeals to people like success and the achievements of the daughters of the W. M. C. are no doubt responsible for the increasing number now being enrolled. The inspiration of work- ing with women who have had both successful and large experience is much needed by the embryo doctor, and here methinks it will be found in the future as it has been in the past. MARY RUTH Lewis, 1911. qi Will of the Class of 1911 DORRIS M. PRESSON T0 all whom it may concern, Be it known that we, the Class of 1911, of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, of lawful age and of sound and perfect mind and memory, do make, publish and declare this our last will and testament and herein dispose of all our worldly estate in manner following, to wit :- First.-Xlfe direct our executor herein named to pay all our just debts, unpaid laboratory fees and student association dues as soon as may be after our departure from this college. Second.-NVe give and bequeath to the Freshman Class three happy college years, no more and no less, years filled with hard but pleasant work, and all that has helped us to appreciate and love our Alma Mater. Tlzird.-We bequeath to our Sister Class, the Sophomores, our col- lege spirit and class good will, our love and esteem, and the key to what- ever success it has been our good fortune to enjoy. Fourth.-We give and devise to the Class of IQI2 all front seats in lecture rooms, amphitheatres and in all places in which the Class of 1911 has occupied front seats during the past year. This includes the occupation of said seats not only during lecture hours and clinics but also during quiz hours. Fifth.-We give and bequeath to the Class of 1912 the space and comfort afforded by the cars of the Rapid Transit Company to the Class of 1911. Said space and comfort to be enjoyed during their trips to Dr. Stevens' quizzes, clinics, Blockley ward classes and while visiting obstetrical cases. Sixth.-We give and devise to our successors, the Class of 1912, the right to use thc following articles: the manikin, Nicodemus, Bu1nn1's text-book, contracted pelves, and all preserved specimens used in helping 1911 to master the subject of obstetrics. Seventh.-We give and devise to the Class of IQI2 the Senior room at Maternity with all its furnishings, luxuries and comforts. Said room to be cared for and treasured as a refuge during many long days and as a haven to which the members of the Class of IQI2 will gladly turn their hearts and faces some cold, bleak morning after a night on a case. Also the Students' Laboratory with all its ample supplies and well kept interior. O2 Eighth.-We give and bequeath to the Class of 1912 the pleasures of all clerical work participated in by the Class of 1911. Said clerical work including the report in detail of all cases assigned in the adjoin- ing College Hospital, ward rounds and all cases registered at the College Hospital Maternity, attended and visited by members of the Senior Class. Ninth.-The Class of IQII gives, bequeaths and devises to the Class of 1912 and their successors all their energy exhibited in arriving promptly at lectures, quizzes, clinics and ward classes, their unparal- leled brilliancy manifest at all quizzes and in all written examinations, their extraordinary cleverness in managing clinics and all cases assigned to them. Tenth.-We give and devise to the underclasses all space in the library, corridors, lecture-rooms, laboratories and locker rooms in which we have been wont to deposit our anatomies between lectures and some- times during lectures. This space to be filled at all proper times and with befitting dignity by our successors. Eleventh.-VVe give and devise to all our successors who may inhabit Thompson Street houses, the diversions and social activities participated in by those Seniors now residing on aforesaid street. Also the hours spent in study and worry by the past Senior inhabitants of Thompson Street. Twelfth.-Lastly, we bequeath to our Alma Mater our thanks for guiding us safely through these four happy years, to our professors and instructors for their patience and untiring efforts in teaching us the arts and ways of healing, to all hospitals which have afforded us clinical material, and to everyone who has helped to cheer our way during the trials and hard tasks accompanying our career here at the W. M. C. We name Alfred Congo to be sole executor of this our last will and testament, hereby revoking all former wills by us made, and we direct no bond shall be required of him. IN TESTIMONY NVHEREOF, we hereunto set our hands at said City of Philadelphia, and declare this to be our last Will and Testament, this fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eleven. CLASS GF 1911 Signed, sealed, published and declared by the above-named Class of ' h d f their last Will and Testament in the presence of us w o, 1911 as an or at their request, in their presence and in the presence of one another, ' ' f t nth day hereto s of April, A. D. 1911. ubscribe our names as Witnesses thereto on this our ee ALMA READ, President of 1912. AUGUSTA SASSEN, President of 1913. LORA DYER, President of 1914. 94 EEK 'I fv .xx X x N X K ! 4 X L S 'm:IlIm , , X . , , ,,, NX llnllill Q' ,QB ' mul if -I llllllui' 7 ' ff' I 'lffgif ff ' ual XX -f1Wi': 3XK wuz ' ' Lick? Z .:u ' nr ijmiw I A i ji W 3 lnllilmf . ' 1 . L,. lg' Q , 8 ' I - s!4.' nA,.h .12 o,..,.. ' 1.-gf! 1 0 . x'ly T.. P1'2 I u s- .,,LE1,'1 . 5 if-Mi ,..' .f-.5 s .v -sk. ,va o ,.Iv,'.g' A 0 N69 'D n . ' o' .N s L-I+' 9 ' ' 'v fff 7.1, S L' 4f:aya o ,. nu r , . l 1 - M v1 .Ji a ' 6 Po 1 ' l W.: ..i.- ' I U ' ' ' 'Q . -0- ' s 5 'I . lgnc ' ' ' - '. ' ,l kk . g - , s . 5 u' :I W 1.3 'ta ' . ' Fjfwf: -.,,L -rl D U . 1 , gs., f- N 1 Q u 4' e o O Cu P O -. l V I ' , NLP' N 1 'U . I A V. . .N x . Q,iga Qfff ' ' ,..'-y' ,'Qp.q'l ut! ,V ,Vbv J u o , , 'r. , '.. A I V s J: 1 0 , ln A: Q-'S :.'. F -?.q.l A AJ JI' .1 P, BA., MD. 'RUSTER LATHRU W TH Honorary Member, Ru Secrctary, ANNA E. CONOVER READ LMA Presizlen t, A WELLS Treasurer, ELIZABUH C. Mms AROLINE C dllf s Vice-Presid Class of 1912 W. M. C. of Pa. September 23, 1908. Dear Milkman- Please leave me a quart of milk every day that I'm in school. I'm studying medicine and mama thinks I need it. Lovingly yours, Class Baby QI-Iughesl. There, little girlie, don't cry, They've taken your money, 'tis said. On the sky parlor floor Lies the ring that you wore. Be careful you don't lose your head. CPinero.D Schecty was a little mill: Schecty loved to grind: Schecty swallowed books till she'd Dyspepsia of the mind. lSchectman.J There was a young lady named Bigler. NVho in passing exams was a wriggler. She is known by her VVells, And she studies by spells: She is also an infamous gigglsr. Hibblety, hobblety, all in red, May I call to-night ? is what HE said. Leading the dance with grace so rare, Pray how next will you comb your hair? XVell! welll well! that's CVVellsJl l l Sweetie had a tonic, And it was very rare. And everywhere that Sweetie went She took it in her hair. fSweet.J Mrs. Radom goes on from day to day. Plodding along in her quiet way. Benny's clothes are ever neat: She always has a shine. VVe sometimes call her Reddy Creadyl, Though she never is on time. CCoyle.J If this is the kind of Rower That blooms in the western wood, just send us a few more samples, For we've all pronounced it good. CMorris.D l go, I go, see how I go. Swift as an arrow from the .archer's bow- to the movies. CElliott.J The green reeds, when the wind-storms break, Bow low before the blast, But our Read has never bent, Nor will she till the last. Little Miss Horner sat in a corner, Fiddling with cell, frog and drum, She tried the galvanic For contractions tetanic, But still no responses would come. I come to school my notes to take, I miss a sentence never, For Profs may come and Profs may go But I write on forever. CConover.l Prominent characteristics: ller winning way with her teachers, Her unruffied dignity. 'lhe fathomless dspths of her knowl- edge. The pride of her life-her Dixie. fltlimsj Bliss Bullock. when you leave ns Be sure to bear in mind That your practice test will prosper lf you leave your frown behind. Tltc light that never failed-in the class- roozn. 4Heath.l Frances loves the little Krowles, The kind that is not green: Mary loves the spacious Heath That nestles down between. fllnowlesj Carl Marx forever! Long live Carl Marx! Cltlargolinj She loves her gym and basket-ball, She is jocwnd and jokey: She always knows what's going on, She's anything but Pokey. fPolk.J Little decorations, Snubs and smiles so quaint, Makes our little Mettie Look like what she ain't. tMetcalf.J Notice! Practical Instruction in how to Obtain and Maintain a Sunny Dis- position. For further particulars apply to-Miss Milligan. Elizabeth Morse with never a care, Struts around with professional airg She's yet, withal, a bonny lass, Rather a favorite with her class. That classmate of ours called Hugh, Who always had so much to do, That no time could she tind To culture her mind, So of classes she cut quite a few. CHuse.D Youth's sweetness yet, No sigh nor fret, All tasks well met, Who ?-Miss Burnett. Our young Mrs. Bolcom's come out of the West, Through all the wide border her school was the best. Such practical methods were used there, they say, That it's quite beyond her to get used to our way. A question and then a silence, And lo from the right front row, Comes a burst of a book-worm's knowledge, In a steady, uncheckable flow. CSchwatt.J Her hair and heart are light as day, Her brain is like a ton, You never know that she's around Till lo! her work is done. QDayton.J And now we come to dear Miss Blair Who has such a contidential air. But always is on kindness bent And never has hostile intent. It is a ship I sing about, That sails not on the sea, Nor does it sail among the clouds, But on the land 'twould be. Its cargo in a bag of green It carries to and fro, And all the news it bears is just The thing you'd like to know. Its speed is good and when in port Its valves are loosed for steam, Knowledge, wit and slang pour forth In many a fitful stream. CManship.J Know her? yes indeed, she's clever. Yes-she's good at recitations, but When it comes to getting out of them Oh my! CWhiteside.j SY 4 1 '., ' ' , Q ' . .K P v Q ..v-'7 .gs v.p,' . uf' 6 . V ,. . z. , O X Q ' ' A' U ' '- 4 f f 0 ' n ' , ,L'rL 'rv v 9043 . -4 -, :.n png? 9 0 .N :-'O :. ' ' ' KEY. ,- 4. ' V .'r:r R Ax' M 4 f ' ' --11 ' 'Y 5-9. Rf - .D l s .. 1' U. ,x 1 ..1 .!,, LGQXI4' -.'. SSE. 1 Q' gm '..39,vl . 0 '1 'ae ' r-Q5 1 . A. - 'l IJ rr A 'S P Y ' M ' '41 Q Q .- - , f. any ,- 1 Ai. . QV --s g ' 1 . xml I . l 0 ,' -Q y A ' 1 1 Q' x 4' 4 1 J r . D ' A -5 iff' Q 1. A'x' W, u . , Q . ,Q X- . ' I 3 ,-.mn W I- Mm' 5 '93 U' . fi A fi, L Q' Zgn I-u ,ng - ,, X ,gf 4 5 Jill . A g: I 'X A' 1 'ff Ls. JN F' W ' W xy W WI ll xg 7 'lieu , .IN-2 3525: wu155llN!1l1ggg-- tr, f . . in '41 ,Q 71 ' X M M A U f W ' mill' . 4 V i X ,f ill 1 m . - , ,fx , 1 , f ug fl 1, X . -V w f ,J , ' t ' X 1 X, I gt fx -5 , K- Z M '.. ,, .Q-'-,,' ,A 5,55 i . X 0,4144 .5 in x xx - ,,f 1 f I j . ,I ,I , !,.' f I, 1 yy . f f 1, K, 'fC L X , , X L I N 'XV' If wf q5Qf3u f yi f L, r ', -M I ? ff bf., TW .fl V I, vliziv A . 5' fs ,, xr,: .' , ' Y' M ' lies 'x' C' , D N .I , Nl: it Yuoktgj 4 ..-1 Lora 'l'lfavl. ., ,,. . g - .1 v -' '.u O ' O ,. 5 5 Q . . 1 ' .fi I ' 4 K vu 2 Ui . 4 v .n,.6.T'...'q 2 l ' v- lx 5 3 1 . , . - n l A pf' ' -J ,yn ,jx ,mil K I' - Of 1 g I W, L , I S 0 .'. S. 0'3 ' +15 ..-, 'T '1'It'yQj L:. Q. 111.969 A: ',.H ,i g v . , 1 ' A I -, bo President AUGUSTA A. S.xssEN Secretary-EDITH T. MOREI-Iousr-3 7'l'FUS1lI'C7'-FLORENCE GO11:HALL Scraps from a Physiology Note-book Matter Not Pertaining to the Question Has Been Omitted On entrance to W. M. C., 1913 showed a very short latent period before the accommodation and coordination reflexes set in. After repeated stimulation with quizzes, lectures and laboratory work, a slight contraction of members was perceptible, from twenty-four to twenty. However, this descending current bore no relation to the acuity of mental vision or the luminosity of brain to be observed in the respective members of the class, for records of abnormal capacity were obtained. These records show rhythmic pulsations before quizzes. A maximal tetanic stimulation, con- tinuously applied through the month of May, ended with a long fatigue curve and a retracted period of relaxation. Under pressure of sophomore work and responsibility, accelerator fibers were stimulated and the velocity of the search for knowledge was increased. Normal irritability was observed on direct application of chemistry and hygiene examinations. Following this was a short period of physiological rest fand Christmas recuperationj, for Too much stimulation Without relaxation Is poor conservation. At present, phases of intensity in application to work occasionally generate action currents, but de-mark-ation currents are carefully avoided. Dissection causes a tonic activity of all scenters, and vague fusj stimu- lations frequently inhibit sleep. After the complete collegiate cycle 1913 will demonstrate, if the experiment is successful, a nervous ending of special sensation, the possession of an M.D. degree. Through an Oil Immersion Lens General Characteristics MORPIIOLOGY.-A very motile form of aerobesg belonging to the sophomore class of higher bacteria. Commonly occurring in the form of slightly curved rods, with a rounded endg but not infrequently showing a decidedly bell-shaped tendency, at times even resembling the cocci group. DISTRIBUTION.-At the present time most of these organisms are cultivated in the laboratories of the Woman's Medical College. Having been discovered and tested in various media by Drs. Lelfmann, Morris, Cushing, Tracy, Lathrop and Noble in the year IQIO. HABITAT.--Russia, India, and eight of the states of this country, viz., Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Louisiana, Cali- fornia, Maine and Massachusetts. They are more virulent in Pennsylvania, for out of the twenty varieties of this class, nine have been isolated from that district. CLASSIFICATION.- Long slender rods Bell-shaped Bacillus. Cocci-resembling members Morehouse bacillus Kipnis bacillus Nl-1113-I1 COCCUS Swalm Gottshall Millikin Baldwin Shine Cook Farr XYright Selecter Francis Sassen Zabarkes McLatchy Le Maistre Stees Thomson Chandler Vital resistance. Dr. Lathrop has made numerous experiments upon these organisms and has evolved this hypothesis:-That if there is a sudicient medium of air which has been properly cooled and purified by percolating through not less than two open windows, these bacteria can resist a temperature considerably below zero degrees Centigrade. 104 1 1 A -'--V ,BAA im ,, . K- QRAVL ,- ,K J J L , W ' Q27 , , 0 - N, 1 X .I X MJ N X X W 4 Ii N Y K J X M +- lx f V X if, e-is--- .lfgl o . , I . Y . 1 4 0' I ,S . ..' W ' o 1. 1 4 Q . 9 I, , Ha. jew Q 0 x,' V' 5 I A v 1'x'A,4 u,,: 5, lf r' If 8' ' 1 1 ', , 'A A 5 . K C 0 uf o fn' 'hun' .,J l if Q , ' ... w I L , ul f O ' ,y ll 5 9' 32.3 7 .Q lo 9 5 President-L.x1'RA DYER. l'icv-President-K. R. DRINKER. Secretary-ELLEN HOOKER Treasurer-REGINA DONVNEX'. The Freshman A B C A is for Alphabet which we will now go through, And give the names of the Freshman Class, telling W'ho is lVho. B stands for Boland, who has so many beauxg How she does her work so well The dear only knows. B again for Bauer, who sticks her little nose Into every operation to which anybody goes. B stands for Beale with her long Western drawlg In knowledge Socialistic she can beat one and all. 107 C stands for Coughlan whom we all thought so sedate, But whose Party Histologicu made a fine tale circulate. C stands for Croasdale who teaches every night And still passed in Histology-Good for her nerve and mightl l D stands for Dyer-our President-oh, well, . . You really cannot always sometimes tell! ! ! D stands for Drinker, whom from Bryn Mawr we hail, The way she knows anatomy makes all the rest turn pale. D again for Downie with her Opinions Rafre: On Presidents and Treasurers, with her none can compare! D gives us Dragonetti, with her soft Italian eyesg We're very much afraid some man will take her for a Prize. The E's and F's we shall efface, For in our class they find no place. G stands for Giles, our Editor so bright, Who justly sometimes speaks her mind because the girls won't write. H stands for Hinkhouse, who caused the Dean to think, Where she got the House was easy, but where did she get the Hink ? stands for Hooker, who is so very tall, We sometimes calmly wonder how long she'd take to fall. H stands for Hauser, who by candy stays too long, Yet let us all indulge her. for she gave us one class song. I' stands for Ingersoll, we love her jolly jests, Although we boldly Hbzrttvd in to cntcvfaiu her guests. J stands for our Joyner, our -Tolly joker dear: VVe hated so to lose her, but she's coming back next year. K is for Kaukonen, with piles of hair so lightg She grinds so hard, that she forgets to go to bed at night. ro8 For L, M, N and 0, P, Q and R WC have 110 USGS So we will relegate them to some future Class in muse. S great Smith commences, our Superintendent Memberg She may not be a live wire, but she's a living ember ! S stands for Swan, our sweet-voiced, gentle oneg VVhen she led her Merry Players we all had lots of fun. also stands for Slayton, whose eyes grow big and biggerg By time she's reached her Senior year they'll surely cut a figure S will still give Shoemaker-she is of Haw! most quietg Yet ever just the kind of thing one wants for steady diet. S again for Sparks, our youngest ever Fresh, In spite of Time or Season, Sparklet will effervesce. T to Taylor brings us, our Canadian girl so sweetg At catching trains and getting there, you'll find her hard to beat The U's and V's to silence yieldg Mayhap they'll grow in fresher field. W is for XYaidelich, who looks so free from guile, But Cutie tells the tallest yarns without a single smile. To X Y Z we add M.D.: May each one win that Good Degree. Tm 5- Z! ,N 5-31 ' ,I fl x - 'I '9' 'aj l X ' fgf, ' x L 1 X1 by Mi PZ! M f I ' ' x X X N ' wx N T I - ,gy rj I fi lfn A ff J ' fl -Hd 4 .W Q S uulvm., jx fl wx Y N Qnxx iw ff -X , r - , f . 1 NX V53 ,I l '22 LN , - 'T 1 Q fb ' ff. ,.- - u ' A f My iff W f IIO Our College Life. EDICAT. training affords comparatively P few of the pleasures associated with the words college life. NVe come to the medical school, not in search for culture, refinement . and polish, all that we must bring with us when we enter. Our pur- pose in coming here is the further development of that gain together with the pursuit of all the different studies and sacrificing tasks which prepare us for the responsibilities of a physician. Let us keep these bare facts in mind as we survey college life at XV. M. C. It is the duty of the physician to minister to the most wonderful of creations, the human life. The physician must be equipped to recog- nize early all physical ailments, to prescribe drugs, to use the knife and give advice. But it is of equal importance for him or her to be ever ready with keen and loving understanding and unbounded sympathy. She must also possess an inexhaustible amount of patience, strength, perseverance, unselfishness, endurance, and resignation, for she will learn the meaning of God and the doctor we alike adore, Both on the brink of danger, not before, The danger past, both alike are required: God is forgot, and the doctor is slightedf' Thus it would seem that we must acquire more than scientific knowl- edge and proficiency in its application during our college life. What are its opportunities? Our preparatory schools and colleges furnished us with academic knowledge, their life and their pranks. On entering NV. M. C. we missed the latter, but ere long we learned to realise that the regime of a medical school must necessarily be different from that of other schools, and moved zealously from class-room to laboratory, anxious to gain whatever possible. Gur college life offered splendid oppor- tunities for the development of a good physician. III From the very hour of entrance we were confronted by condi- tions not met with in other colleges. VVhen entering the Dean's office for the purpose of registration, we took with us I wonder. But the 1 wonder had greatly increased in magnitude when we had our matriculation card. W'e now wondered on the course of studies, with its various phases, the books, the buildings, the dissecting roomflj- and perhaps not least- why don't they have dormitories ? Do we recall our first search, for rooms? Oh, what a moment, what a terrible moment, when, forgetful of ourselves, we allowed that excla- mation to leave our lips, Now that I am registered, where to lodge is the next thing! How promptly and wisely did Miss Bosworth direct us to the Information Bureau, to Miss Neuberger's window! There we consulted a mottled note book where all the boarding houses of the vicinity were registered, and a heavy sigh of relief for the first time escaped our breasts. The medical school was not as dreary as we had imagined it, no. XVasn't Miss Neubergers smile, her sweet tone of voice. her friendly attitude, her prom- g ise that surely the letters from home would be there next morn- ing, all encouragement? lVhen she told us, Now be sure to call for your mail every day, did we not feel our heart beatingjoyously? She told us she had been the col- lege clerk for years, and was it pos- sible that the dreary atmosphere we had imagined to prevail in a medical school had not extin- guished the bright smile in her eyes? Then leaving the college building and starting in our search for rooms, did we carry a heavy suit case in one hand and a huge hat box in the other? It was trying to go forth alone up stairs and down stairs, inspecting third front, third rear, sitting room, etc., listening to l the great advantage of each over the former faccording to the land- lady's conveniencej, meanwhile Miss Nrzrixizucrzu. Il 2 sizing up the landlady, and feeling sure she was doing likewise to us, though with far greater experience. Or were we among the fortunate ones who had an upper classman as pilot and adviser? I feel sure the result of that endeavor made us all say my room with satisfaction. That first night we shall never forget: tired and we could not rest, sleepy and we could not sleep, because the scrutinizing landlady held us in cross-examination until eleven o'clock. Once in a while she referred to her girls of the year before, to emphasize that others 11. ,131 l x-li ' A MY RooM. had been very good payers, very considerate roomersg very gen- erous. That they had used little gasg had always scrubbed the bath tub after using itg had used their own towels, covers, etc.g had not used too much hot water, had never complained about the heater, had never cooked in the roomg had not been bothered by the children, and numberless 1zei'e1's, 'l10l'S, and the like. And then, when the land- lady left us, when at last we tried to sleep, that horrible dream of skeletons and bones, and ghosts -l The next morning we got up early and went to the college again. The opening exercises were to be held that afternoon and we wanted to see more of the college in the morning. XVe wandered around the II3 Students' Parlor and admired its cosiness. Alfred greeted us, saying with a submissive tone of voice which at once impressed us with his faith- fulness and his sense of duty: How do you like the place by this time? Ch, it is a dear old place which you will love as much as I do after you have been here for some time. You see these benches here? you will see THE STUDENTS, PARLOR. the students and yourself, too, taking little naps over them between classes. That door over there opens into the 'Students' Book Room,' where the students buy their supplies. But don't you buy everything new, Missy I always have second-hand aprons, slides, and slide-boxes for sale. I am going to show you the fine bones I have for sale, toog a fine skeleton which you want to buy because it is the best help for Anatomy and all the students need it. How the memory of that day lingers with us! In the afternoon we attended the opening exercises which gave us the pleasure of seeing that able and inspiring body of men and women-our faculty and teaching staff-for the first time. We had the opportunity of hearing the gratifying results of students' endeavors: the accomplishments of our graduates: the reports of state board examinationsg the signifi- cance of the XYoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania to the world: the improvements, proposed and zxccoinplislied: the prediction of the ampliitlieatcrg the request that the first and second year students should ll.1 2 1 :XLFRED CONGO. not attend clinics, and the solemn admonition with which the dear young freshmen are committed to the older students' care! Wliile the old students greeted old friends at the reception, we, as new students, formed our first impressions, so interesting in later years. There was no difficulty in learning the routine of classes. The WORK and THE PREPARATIQN was the novelty. We had studied geography, geometry, trigonometry, etc.. but the ridges, prominences, depressions, angles, planes, and surfaces in the BONE BOX had here- tofore been unknown. And the Gsteology quizzes! there students who had had the advan- tages of a nurse's training were brilliant while the rest of us, in despair, listened to them and wondered if it would ever be possible to learn things so that a perfect picture of them were mentally formed and retained forever. Uh, the efforts of Russians, Spaniards, Chinese and Germans to make a recitation in our lz0rr1'ble, Iza-rd E1zgIi.sh ! And how could we describe the Anatomy lectures, late in the eve- ning, when it seemed impossible to keep ears and eyes open in spite 115 of the eloquent and witty Dr. Morris? The subject was, indeed, too dry, the hour too late to keep awakeg the seats -? so hard and so narrow that sometimes we had three victims of feet gone to sleep at one time. The other phases of Anatomy were all productive of good. Here we gained our firm foundation for work of the later years. Not only our knowledge of Physiology, Surgery, Gynaecology, Physical Diagnosis, etc., largely depended on Anatomy, but the training of memory and perseverance and optimism were all important. Many, no doubt, feel with us that Faith and Hope will ever be present after we received our final mark in Anatomy. But the monotony of the year was sometimes brokeng some chosen ones have never forgotten their first Thanksgiving dinner in Phila- delphia, when they caught the first glimpse of their career at VV. M. C., being guests at Dean Marshall's house. Later on in that first year, we engaged in our own discussions of rumors heard concerning the course in Physiology. VVe well remem- bered how excited the boarders at the college lunch-room were on the day when for the first time we were to appear for the first lecture in Physiology. Oh, that was a great day! We were compelled to believe that, in spite of chronological accuracy, tradition does not report it all sometimes. The frogs, moist chambers, electric currents, and normal saline were reserved for a later day, and, oh, NORMAL SALINE, how oft have we gazed at thee since! ll The laboratories, with their accurate methods, their microscopes, etc., taught the significance of little things often unnoticed, yet such powerful factors in ultimate results. Perhaps we realised the meaning of research workg what it has meant to the medical profession, and what the profession hopes to gain thereby. VVe realised that frogs, test tubes, electrical apparatus, infusions, pills, even eloquence and oratory, each makes an important link of the whole. To secure relaxation we learned to consult the bulletin board and, indeed, the mental picture of it shall never fade away. On it we found announcenzents, orders, notices, requests, invitations, posters, and even adzrrtisements. Can we forget that one advertising list of a set of Pathological instruments which was offered at such a low price that seven different instruments feach one with its individual pricej when counted together only amounted to 6.1, cents? Indeed, the advertisement remained on the bulletin board for only a short time, so great was the demand for second-hand goods. lint as time passed on we found greater attractions than the bul- letin board. The Pathological department opened its post-mortem course and, although we all admitted that it was a thousand times less agree- ll6 able than the dissecting room, still we felt drawn to it by that thirst for scientific research which had taken root in our minds. It was there, in the Pathological Laboratories, that our powers of observation and investigation were alighted. Did not Dr. Kelly tix it in our minds with words that shall echo forever that it is the duty and moral obligation of the physician to diagnose malignant tumors early ? Did not Dr. Cummins teach us that the most malignant of all sarconias is the small round cell form? Did he not pound into our heads that if we are not able to make the microscopic diagnosis of such a tumor, we should consider our respon- sibility and ask some one who kll0'Zi'S Izow to examine the specimen? And the histological knowledge that enabled us to understand patho- logical changes, did we not gain it from Dr. Cushing's masterly descrip- tions? Have we not broadened our lives' prospects by Dean Marshall's untiring efforts to uplift the great cause of women? Have we not gained more than knowledge of the Practice of Medicine in the hours spent with Dr. Henry? Are we not proud to learn Dr. Leffmann's experiences in so many advances of science? Could we forget our essentials of Chemistry learned under Dr. Tracy's thorough training? Could we ever disregard the bacterial origin of most diseases after those happy meetings with Dr. Peckham, and shall we not hear her brilliant dissertations on the theory of immunity a score of years hence? NVill we not enforce Dr. Potter's HlIC Z'C7'SU wherever it falls to our lot to deal with people's lives? Should we not make early diagnoses of tuberculosis and recognize the threshold of a heart-murmur after our conferences with Dr. Van Gasken? Has Dr. Deaver not taught us what the interne should iknowg tulzcn, tulzcrc and how she should act and form conclusions, and when to wait in UIllUSfCI'fI!! lllGCfi'I'ifJ'v? NVere we not inspired by the eloquent talks of Dr. Stevens who made rough ways, smoothg difficult subjects, easyg uninteresting subjects, interest- ing? Did not Dr. Everitt urge us to do our best in whatever post of life we were placed? Did not Dr. Lathrop teach us to think accurately and quickly, and increase our capacity for work? Having heard Dr. Hartley's appealing warnings, shall we not conquer the feminine impulses of cowardice and realise the responsibility of setting a fractured bone? Do we not take pride in saying that we have had under Dr. Tallant a thorough Obstetrical training? Has Dr. Kraker not taught us how to care for the life of both mother and baby? And, as Alfred prophesied, have we not learned to love our pro- fessors, our teaching staff, our fellow students and all that is connected with our college? 117 The advantages of the clinics were many. There we were brought in contact with human ills and sufierings, and the mission of our life took on a clear and definite form. Need we recall liarton Dispensary, with its varied crowd? There we obtained practical workg applied bandagesg examined babies: took histories. in all languages except our own: saw a new phase of humanity, perhaps for the first time. Things we considered impossible to be accomplished, came to lose their formidable appear- ance. Similar were the results of the dis- pensary work in the College Hospital, where, in addition, we found many advantages in following up and studying cases in every department and with a little imagination, could feel like a real MD. Our ward classes convinced us that all cases do not progress according to the text-book: that we tnust be prepared for complicationsg that first results are often tmsatisfactoryg that perseverance and skill are required to obtain success. The experience in large clinics need only be mentioned. lt is. indeed, praiseworthy that our students have all the advantages the city of Philadelphia can ofi'er. XVe saw many cases which we will never meet with in private practice, but, were they not of benefit? They made our studies more interesting and our outlook broader. XVe had the opportunity of seeing the work of men of every type: could com- pare results, and could put into practice that which they gained by years of experience. Our Klaternity requires special attention. XYas it not 335 XVash- ington .Xvenue we looked forward to during our first years, and where with keen anticipation we later took up our abode? NYC were shut ofi' from the world-from our reorla'-lmtit not from another, which was quite as real, although as much novelty to us as thic South Pole might be. After we settled in that new abode as colnforfalily as fvossiblc, we began a life of expectancy: we were entrusted with responsibility, just like a real doctor for the first time: we were entrusted with human lives! we had opportunity to put in practice the knowledge we had gained IIS during our course. Oh, how we sat down on our dusty, rickety chair in that Senior room, which should have been called the Senior cell, to wait for that first call! It was, indeed, enough to feel the warmth of doubt and hesitation internally without the addition of the coldness and drcari- ness of that cell externally. Per- chance a feeling r of despondency overtook us there and then, but it was wisdom to see things as we saw themg we were only students. Let us come back again to con- sider the bright side of life in the South Pole. NVe found that the little bag con- tained lots, nearly all we neededg we wondered how it could hold so muchg the cases were a successg perhaps there was a case of twins or of some abnormality. That we will never forget, no matter how many and THE SOUTH PoLE. how varied our ob- stetrical experience may prove to be. Finally, we had the ten cases and then decided that, after all, the sojourn in the slums was not so bad, and that as long as Dr. Tallant was the chief, we should always be able to find a silver lining in OUR FIRST CAsEs. every Cloud- IIQ Perhaps we have felt during our college career that amusements and social life have been lacking, but let us consider what we have had. Our gymnasium is equipped for ordinary gymnastic work, basket- ball games. and tennis in which a few girls participate. Some form of this recreation would be beneficial to all, as experience will tell us. XVe have spent many pleasant hours witnessing the games and should encour- age others to do so. To the Young XVOIIICIITS Christian Association much credit is due for the admirable manner in which they attend to our comfort and pleasure. The lucky ones take up their abode in its h0my walls, but ON THE DEi..xwARE. we all have had ample opportunity to enjoy its hospitality and its pleasant social functions. The reception to Freshmen is a success and so are the parties and teas, always enjoyable. May llrinton Hall continue in its good purpose and reach the goal, which its worthy officers have set for it! One feature of life is the class-meeting. XVe still can hear our Class president with her New England accent, sweetly reminding us of the fact that a CLASS MEETING is a MEETING and it CAN NOT BIZ HELD UNLESS THERE IS .-X QUORCM. And, in response. one of our Southern delegates getting up to put in the form of a motion, some original way of compelling the members of the class to attend meetings. Our social affairs at the college, though few, are always justly considered events of the year. The Annual Reception given in honor of the Freshmen by the Sophomore Class is always a revelation of I2O originality and skill, each succeeding class vying to outdo the former. The Annual Ball given under the auspices of the Students' Association is always an cventg our gymnasium takes on a festive robe in spite of Tina Hi-:N Anime fIQllQ. tacleIc'ss walls. The undergraduate Medical Association, the various societies and fraternities, all offer their own pleasures. Besides all these, we must consider the pleasant hours we have spent in each other's company, watching chafing dishes and telling stories, hours that will always be remembered. 9 A NIINSTRELS fI9I2D. RI,xsQL'ER,xnERS QIQII5. 1.5. A Crimean XY.XSIIlN1Ll'0N P.xRTx 122 AN GUTING CIQIZJ. IN FAIRMOUNT PARK I23 Furtherinore we have hatl opportunities sueh as a large city only can offer: theaters with their finest procluetionsg lectures on all sub- jects hy notetl men and xvomeng museums and art galleries open to us: Fairmount Park with its world-renoxvnecl grounds. Surely there was chance for social life :tml amusement if ive earetl to take it. -lust what the xYOIllZlll'S Kleclieal College of Pennsylvania has meant In us, we may he more preparetl to say a few years hence. XVC know that it has given us what we clesirerl,-a thorough medical training. It has given us a broad outlook in our chosen profession, anal instilled into us energy and amhition to equal or surpass, if that he possible. the achievements of former graduates of our .Xlma Mater. XVhat it will mean in the future flepentls largely on us: let us strive to maintain and. if possible, even arltl to its well won reputation. Banu RIISINE, iorr. Ox rm: Wiss.xi11t'Kox. 1:4 The Calendar from 1910 to 1911 September. Opening exercises followed by reception in the gymnasium. Freshmen are introduced to le bandage, Desault and Valpeauf' Seniors board west-bound cars for Blockley and vicinity. Freshmen entertained by the Basket Ball Crowd. October. Birthday and christening parties begin for the juniors and Seniors in the vicinity of Third and W'ashington Avenue, Little Italy and the Ghetto. Proclamation to the Freshmen, posted by the '4Sophs. Young NVomcn's Christian Association reception to the new students. The hrst section of Freshies and Sophs meet in the Sky Parlor. Reception in the Dean's office for Clinical Pathology Delinquents of 'I I. Seniors begin to lose weight in their mad rush for 8 A. M. ward-class. Miss Tsao begins to record her surgical case-a man with a bruise on the nose. Freshman Appendices Party given by the Juniors. Miss Jamison, giving the first ether, drops the cone three times. Sophomores entertain the college at the animal Halloween Party in the gymnasium. Dr. Can Ashem and other clinicians hold memorable and instructive clinics. N0'vember. ,II not only test their brains in the ways and methods of Clinical Pathology Clinique, but likewise their Hexors and extensors by pro- gressive exercise in the Pathology laboratory. Sophs begin to hold their afternoon teas from 3 to 6 P. M. in Physiology laboratory. A Southern Evening. Brinton Hall. You all Southern people do know how to entertain us white folks sho nuff. It is discovered that Miss Lehnis is Dr. Lehnis. A limited diet begins by the students in preparation for Thanksgiving holidays. Professors begin to lecture to full classes after the Thanksgiving recess. 125 December. 1913 cease their labors in chemical laboratory and celebrate by taking that famous mid-year chemistry examination. Disbursements of checks, 54.79, Laboratory of Pathology, 'I I. XVise members from the Senior class report for Dermatology exam- mation. Christmas party in honor of Dr. Mary Noble, Brinton Hall.. The Sophs give a sigh of relief after their Hygiene examination. Wiser Seniors relieve their minds by taking the Orthopedic exam- ination. All those who have not already departed, and those who do not live at the South or North poles and XVest of the Rockies, enjoy a trip home. The remaining few make appointments with Santa here in Philly or at the homes of nearby friends. January. Reception by College Club of Philadelphia. The Freshmen returns from their Histology examination are heard. Flunk and the rest flunk with you, pass and you pass alone. Miss Caffrey returns at last from South Third Street and Xllashing- ton Avenue. In spite of all her hard luck she wears a smile. Senior sections are introduced to the grab bag at the Howard Hospital. Freshmen, Misses Smith and Ingersol, at home to Upper Classmen, are surprised and entertained by the Lemon Dramatic Troupe. Miss Caffrey at last returns from Maternity, having eight cases. F cbruary. Donation Day at Maternity. Informal dance in the gymnasium. XV. M. C. students have the pleasure of attending the First Annual Commencement of the Training School for Nurses of the Hospital of the VVoman's Medical College. Baby party. Brinton Hall. The Freshmen begin the whys and wherefores of Embryology. Annual reception and dance given by the Students' Association. M a rch. Freshmen begin the Fresh Air Treatment for mental dullness and experience. Slicrlmck llolmes Club entertains the Seniors. 126 April. Seniors begin to tremble and quake at the mere thought of Finals Freshies learn why Utannin and iron compounds form an inky mix- ture. A few days to buy Spring garments and to begin preparation for examinations. College re-opens-with extra quizzes and lectures poured upon us. The 'WVisest Seniors take Neurology examination and emerge in the first state of motor aphasia. May. Seniors are entertained at Brinton Hall. Midnight oil begins to burn on Thompson Street and vicinity. Each student to her room doth closely hover. The college buildings are de- serted, save for a few who may stop to stare at vacant bulletin boards for inspiration from clinics and quizzes long since held and alas- forgotten. Miss Presson cuts her first wisdom tooth. Examinations begin. To pass or not to pass. Wan, wasted but hopeful objects appear-once known as Seniors. Their fate is meted out and if Alfred has kept within the college precincts that day all return happy and rejoice together. Senior picnic at Valley Forge. Commencement exercises in the Academy of Music. Reception to Senior Class by the Board of Corporators. The new M.D.'s assemble and procure their diplomas from the Dean's office. Precious parchments. June. Annual meeting of Alumnx Association. I27 XVords by D. P. M. Hail, Alma Mater! , IUII. Tune: Alma Mater, our hearts Joined in love sing thy praiseg XV. M. C. dear, Echo the song we raise. REFRAIN. Hail, Alma Mater, Hail thy colors Red and Gray! XYave, wave forever Our banner Red and Gray ! North and South, East and XVest, Every soil, every sky, Greets thy loyal daughters, Rings thy fame on high. REFRAIN. Ever green, on thy brow Shall the laurel entwineg To thy foot clings our love lVound in memory's vine. REFR.-XIX. 118 Boating Song Xl 5. -X Q' ' , N Y- , A - ,, N A M f f W- vf fa U f' X N I K- H 1 n A A L t , GW 4 -lf X Xfrz KN I ' Qllnhn 'fix ,X XR Q Q G, X N if anim X 1 f' Qbrgamgatrnnn K . f X f x if mb, fi I w K M5 A ,k 5.1, 9 T N' 0 9 u ' 1 4 W I H 'vs' 'Q ,L I 4 is Q Q A 4 5 ' ssfgsz n ' - ri N0 5 f .5 4 ng: b 5 04.4 ina Y 3'9- 4519 wo 5 I Q r nv! A , 1 v .F , 4 Q 07 ? fx J , A 4.565 i by 1 ' '.' 0 ' o ,- . , . l y 01' T l Ja'.' 1. N .. 44. i 5. 0 l I sz' M gav- Q 1 4 s L. U Q v ' .rA' X 5 I f 4 4 'v'1 2.4 . ' Lv, '. .I ' fic 0 1 -'. a HI' ' ' ol -A q'o1!.'? T' . 'ah Alumnae Association Othcers President, ELEANOR C. JONES. Vice-Presidents, ELLEN C. POTTER, LAURA H. SATTERTHWAITE. Recording Secretary, JACOBINA S. REDDIE. Corresponding Secretary, MARY BUCHANAN. Treasurer, FLORENCE H. RICHARDS. Directors, KATE W. BALDWIN, ELIZABETH L. PECK, MARGARET F. BUTLER. History of the Alumnae Association of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania In March, 1875, just twenty-five years after the College was incor- porated, Dr. Emeline H. Cleveland and Dr. Mary J. Scarlett-Dixon called together the graduates of the Woman's Medical College of Penn- sylvania in the old Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, and an alumnae association was formed, the Object of which was the advancement of the interests of the College and the mutual benefit of its members. The Association started with a membership of thirty-two and the first annual meeting was held on March 17, 1876. At this meeting a contribution of fifty dollars CS5o.Ooj was made towards a proposed Phar- maceutical Exhibit for the Women's Pavilion at the Centennial Exhibition. From 1876 until 1890 the Association met on the day following the annual commencement for one day Only, but in the latter year it was found necessary to extend the time to two days, as at present. At these sessions scientific papers are read and discussed by members and medical guests. The social features are the luncheons served at the College on the days of the meeting, and the banquet on the evening of the first day, which is generally held at one of the leading hotels. 131 The surplus for each year is equally divided between the library fund and an educational fund. The Committee on Library Fund has contributed over one thousand dollars fSI,OO0.00J for books for the College Library, and the Educational Fund Committee has loaned money to many needy students. Several members of the Association have at different times offered prizes to the students. The Association has also contributed liberally towards the students' bed in the W0man's Hospital. A fellowship of five hundred dollars CS50o.0Oj for European study was maintained for several years past by voluntary subscriptions of the members, to which graduates of the College of more than five years and less than ten years standing are eligible. The Association has placed in the College the portraits of Drs. Emeline H. Cleveland, Rachel L. Bodley and Anne Preston, former pro- fessors, and memorial tablets to Prof. Emily XVhite, M.D., Dr. Mary Putnam-Jacobi, and Dr. Susan P. Stackhouse. The Association now numbers' three hundred and nine C3091 active and six Q65 associate members. It has representatives in nearly all the states of the Union as well as in Europe. China, India and the Philippines. Following is a list of the presidents of the organization: 1875 'Emeline H. Cleveland, M.D. 1895 Elizabeth C. Keller, M.D. 1879 Elizabeth C. Keller, M.D. 1897 Anna M. Galbraith, M.D. 1884 Hannah T. Croasdale, M.D. 1899 Lilian Welsh, M.D. 1886 Clara Marshall, M.D. 1900 Elizabeth L. Peck, M.D. 1888 'Mary Putnam-Jacobi, M.D, 1901 Calista V. Luther, M.D. 1891 Elizabeth R. Bundy, M.D. 1903 Caroline M. Purnell, M.D 1893 Mary E. Allen, M.D. 1906 Clara T. Dercum, M.D. 1894 'Mary Putnam-Jacobi, M.D. 1908 Margaret F. Butler, M.D. Deceased, O 1910 Eleanor C. Jones, M.D. l'C2 The Students' r Association ' . President ' lXl.xRY R. LEWIS V ice-Presid cnt f . Domus M. Pmzssorz Sec1'eta1'y ANNA E. CONOVER i , , Tffeasurer BIARGARET E. FARR Some are born great ' 1 And notable among these is the Students',Association of the NVoman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. This organization burst the bonds of its embryonal life, and emerged a struggling, noisy, healthful infant of precocious powers, to uphold the name, and vex the spirit of its Alma Mater. Internal economy played but a small part in its struggle for existence, hence, in order to fulfil its ideals .of life, it set about fashioning external relations that should conform to its ambitions. With plastic touch, it reached forth to mold to its grasp the management of all bodies, legal, medical, municipal, having jurisdiction over women medical students. The environment resisted g-nay, more, encroached, even pressed heavily on the budding genius of the Association. The Associa- tion reacted, and a series of kicks ensued. These were forcibly repelled by an anxious nurse in the person of the Board of Corporators, and the training of the infant was then and there begun. Repulsion of its at- tempts at college and hospital management stimulated other activities and the Association gradually assumed its present place as a represen- tative student body. Its aim is to promote sociability among the students, to advance the best interests of the College, and to enlarge the field for women in medicine. T33 ' Sociability was fostered by an annual reception, which in the early years took the form of a welcome to the incoming class. In the school year of 1906-07, however, a change was made, a dance given in mid- winter taking the place of the reception. The social status of students in the various classes was formally de- termined in 1892, the Senior class taking precedence and occupying front seats in clinics and lectures, the other classes were assigned in descending order to the back seats. Therefore, Freshmen, beware! Rules of order and conduct were laid down for students attending outside clinics. These are now obsolete, however, applying to conditions in the early nineties when other hospitals were opened grudgingly to women. The behavior at such lectures was to be exemplary Qsuch a rule still obtainsj 5 all were admonished to be sure to wear the college colors, to aiford Some distinc- tion between our students and other women whose conduct it was un- desirable to attribute to students from our college. Conditions of student life were improved through the efforts of the Library Committee and the Hospital Bed Committee. The former, through the co-operation of the faculty, especially of Dr. Peckham, arranged that the library should be open all day and that students might have free access to all the literature at any time. The Hospital Bed Committee has raised about 32,000 which has been paid to the VVoman's Hospital toward an endowed bed, entitling students at the present time 'to the free use of a bed for sfx months of the year. The betterment of college hygiene came early under consideration. There was no ice for drinking water, so the Association arranged to furnish not only ice but coolers. This was done through a committee and subscriptions for several years, now the college attends to the mat- ter. The ventilation and light was for a time unsatisfactoryg several methods of equalizing heat gain and loss, with a constant supply of oxygen, were tried, till the present heating and lighting arrangements were installed by the College. The College colors, dove gray and red. were chosen by the Associa- tion and approved by the faculty in 1893. Pins were next in order, and were made in 1894, being designed both as brooch and stick pins. A College book, Daughters of .7Esculapius, containing pictures and stories of student life, was later published. This was quite popular, for in addition to paying expenses its sale realized a sum of money which was turned over to the Hospital. The desire on the part of a few students to see our College on the same literary plane as other colleges, resulted. in the latter part of the I3-1 session of 1909-1910 in a harmless but exceedingly hazardous attempt at a College paper. Its success was directly apparent in its adoption on March 16, 1910, by the Students' Association as its official organ, under the name of The Esculapian. The following students were elected to serve on the first staff: Editor-in-Chief, M. Evelyn Brydong Business Manager, Berta M. Meine, Assistant Business Manager, Ethel M. Polk. Literary Editors: Senior, Dolores Perez-Marchand, junior, Alma Read, Sophomore, Alice H. Cook, Freshman, Eileen I. Giles. The Esculapian is now just one year old. Too feeble to make much noise in the world, yet it has traveled around the globe, too imma- ture to merit attention, yet it is welcomed, with -kindly words of praise, by many members of our Alumnae Association-women honored in the profession. What is its future? The future only can tell. If by its continued presence in our College it stimulates and incites college spirit among the students 3 friendly rela- tions between instructors and student bodyg and, above all, if, by encour- aging the undergraduates to write, it assists in the development of but one embryo medical authoress a year, The Esculapiau deserves and will progressively maintain its position in spite of all the ills a magazine is heir to. The militant spirit of the Association has not confined its efforts to our own school. Many hospitals have opened their doors to our gradu- ates as internes through the indefatigable work of the Committee on Hospital Appointments. Some boards are still obdurate, objecting to women as such, because they have not yet learned better. A trustee of one hospital expressed himself as having no use for long-haired men, or short-haired women. His objection surely does not hold now, for all in his category have disappeared from our College halls. Of the remainder of their exploits, much might be written. But this is unnecessary, for are not the monuments to their endeavors always with us? Far better now than retrospection is a resolve to turn the face forward to the task ahead, looking toward the day when not only a few, but all of our students shall make the most of the social, educational and professional advantages offered by our Alma Mater. 135 P- m LJ O I .1 F ., E :J .- A 4 D A 41 N - Z v.w - 7 :S 1.x - n ' The Undergraduate Medical Society ' Ofticers President, ADELAIDE ELLSWORTH, ,II. Vice-President, AMY A. METCALF, ,I2. Secretary, LELIA MCLATCHY, '13. Trcaszufcr, MARY S. SMITH, 714. At a meeting held on December 16, IQIO, the Undergraduate Med- ical Society elected the above named offlcers for the ensuing year. The interest and enthusiasm displayed at this meeting augurs well for the future success of the Society. A series of monthly lectures will be given throughout the year by members of the medical profession on subjects purely technical or on those intended to develop a broader cul- ture along medical lines. The opening lecture was given by Professor Henry Leffmarin on The Doctor in Fiction, and it proved a rare treat to the Society and members of the alumnze present. The Society extends the hand of fellowship to all members of the student body and aims to lay a foundation for that unanimity and friend- ship which is essential to the dignity and usefulness of the profession. 137 Y. W. C. A. Oflicers l1ATTlE FRANK Lovz, President ETHEL M. POLK, V ice-President CAROLYN A. CLARK, Recording Secretary GRACE HUSE, Corresponding Secretary EDNA B. DAYTON. II Treasurer l T MRS. Enrrx-1 WHBOURNL ji I Librarian Chairman of Committees MARY R. LEEYIS, Memberslzip. EDNA B. DAYTON, Finance. ALICE COOK, Missionary. .AUGUSTA SASSEN, House. CLEMENTINE BASH, Devotional. OLIVE PIPPY, Intercollegiate. AIRS. FRANCES BIANSHIP, Bible Study. HELEN LE MAISTRE, Social. ANNA ELLIOTT, Hospital Prayer .lfeet'ings. Advisory Committee of Y. W. C. A. Pf6.S'idL'lIl-AIRS. J. R. AlII.LICAN, St. Georges, Delaware. S6CfCf01'j'-DR. MARTHA TRACY, 5138 XVayne Avenue, Germantown. Treasurer-DR. ELLEN C. POTTER, 5138 XVayne Avenue, Germantown. DR. ELLA B. EVERITT, 1807 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. MRS. I. B. HOWELL, 108 N. 50th Street, Philadelphia. MRS. GEORGE R. CAMP, 513 S. 45th Street, Philadelphia. All?-S AlARY E. l21L1.1s, 1604 Spruce Street, Philatlelpluia. Miss E1.1z.x1:ET11 .X. SCOTT, 5951 Overlmroolc .'kvenue, Pltiladelpliia. MRS. I. H. H.xs1..xx1, ISI3 N. mth Street. Philaclelplmia. 138 MOTTO: Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts. The organized work of the Young xVOIll6ll'S Christian Association is conducted by the following committees: I. Meirftbcrslzip, whose aim is to enroll every student as a member of the Association, the alumnae as life members, and friends as hon- orary and sustaining members, and to sustain and promote interest in all phases of Association work. 2. Bible Study, whose aim is to organize classes for systematic study of the Bible and courses of Bible lectures, and to encourage daily personal devotion. 3. Devotional, whose aim is to deepen the spiritual life of the stu- dents by means of regular weekly prayer meetings led by ministers of the city and other religious speakers. 4. Missioizary, whose aim is to bring the students to realize their responsibilities in the evangelization of the world, by means of mission study classes, public missionary meetings, and soliciting contributions for an annual scholarship in the Ludhiana Medical College for Women in India. 5. Social, whose aim is to promote friendly social relations in the student body by means of teas, parties, and receptions. 6. Hospital Prayer Meetings, whose aim is to provide for Sunday afternoon services in the wards of the neighboring hospitals. 7. I1zte1'collegz'ate, whose aim is to send student delegates to Y. W. C. A. conferences. 8. House, whose aim is to make Brinton Hall, the Association Home, a central meeting place for all students and a permanent home for the very few it can accommodate, the quarters being too small to meet the requirements of the students. It is kept attractive and home- like by a competent, refined matron. A library and reading room offer relaxation and rest to the weary student. T39 Zlrannv h'Arr Svnrietg Composed of the Catholic Students and Graduates of the Woman's Medical College ot Pennsylvania Organized 1910 Officers of the Year President, Miss ANNE REYNOLDS CAFFREY. Vice-President, DR. MARY J. SL'1-L1v.exN. Svcrclary, Miss Hoxoum Smxlz. Trmisurcr, Miss .IOSEFINA X'ILL.-XFANE. Nil Humanum .-llivfzum a mc putof' 140 141 Alpha Epsilon Iota Founded at University of Michigan 1890 Chapter Roll ALPHA-University of Michigan .... .... . Ann Arbor, Mich. BETA-Rush Medical College ....... ........ C hicago, Ill. GAMMA-Miami College .................... .... C mcinnati, Ohio DELTA-College of Physicians and Surgeons .... ........ C hicago, Ill. EPs1r,oN-University of Minnesota ......... ..... A flinneapolis, Minn. ZETA-Cooper Medical College ...... ..... S an Francisco, Cal. ETA-COFHCII Medical College ..... ........ I thaca, N. Y. THE'1'.x-XVoman's Medical College .................. Philadelphia, Pa. IOTA-University of California ................... San Francisco, Cal. KAPPA-Los Angeles Medical Department of University of California, Los Angeles, Cal. LAMBDA-SYFHCUSC University ............... ..... S yracuse, N. Y. Theta Chapter Founded, 1902, Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. Afliliatel Members Annie Bartram Hall, M.D. Ruth XYebster Lathrop, M.D. Eleanor C. Jones, M.D. Caroline C. Purnell, M.D. Active Members 1911 Agnes Hockaday Mary R. Lewis Ora H. Kress Dorris M. Presson 1912 Grace Burnett QAlpha Chapterj Grace lrluse 1913 Alice Cook 142 llrrku Ph lln Beta Chapter of the Zeta Phi Fraternity Established March 28, 1903 Officers 1910-1911 Prvsident-li1.1z.unzru S. BEAN, M.D. Vive-Presidvnt-liL1z.xur:Tu FRANCES CLARK, M.D. Secretary-MAR1.x P. RYAN. Tffdillfff-IST li EL M. PULK. Maria P. Ryan Amy A. Metcalf lithel M. Polk Active Members Frances J. Heath Mary G. Knowles lfrzmccs R. Stees Alumnae Members Grace NV. Sherwood, M.D. Lucinda B. Hatch, M.D. Mary E. Jones-Mentzer, M.D. Myrtella M. Moore Canovan, M.D. Jacobina S. Reddie, M.D. Florence I. Staunton, M.D. Mary T. Martin-Sloop, M.D. Agnes lf. Page, M.D. Mary R. Bowman, M.D. Margaret Newlin Levick, M.D. Mary Carswell McClellan, M.D. Amy B. Rohrer, M.D. Laura M. Preble, M.D. Elizabeth Frances Clark, M.D. Elizabeth S. Beaty, M.D. Helen VV. Montague, M.D. Wilhelmina Afton Ragland, M.D Lillian Gurine Stevenson, M.D. Mary Danforth. Associate Members lfnuna lflizabeth Musson, M.D. Elizabeth R. Bundy, M.D. Elizabeth L. Peck, M.D. Adelaide NVard Peckham, M.D. Marie L. Bauer, M.D. Lida Stewart Cogill, M.D. lflizabeth B. Bricker, M.D. Mary li. Lapharn, M.D. Mary G. Bryson, M.D. Jessie M. Allyn, M.D. Margaret MacAlpine, M.D. NVinnie K. Mount, M.D. Alice A. Steliian, M.D. Laura Hunt, M.D. 144 1 J 1 ff XX W w J - ZCD J f , 5 J hill! Y ,,,,,,,, -,,-....-... V .....- .-, -v ,. - ..-- Basket-ball Teams 1 9 1 1 . 41 A . ' , . Brydon Yillufufmc Clark Love 1912 1 NIL-lvzllf H1120 Pull: XYCHS Morris 146 . 1913 Baldwin Thompson Cook Stees XVright 1914 Houser Taylor Downie Dyer Hiukhouse 147 THOMPSON Ron 148 I Q9 i .g'Q2Qw, . 1' r a ,. ,, ' , v -tn . -A , 'U si A' 1 'u '-fin Q 9 . W! -- ' I :qi P L. ' V ,Q ,mfr Q O 0 4 R. A - af O 5 ' 0 '. , N L 'v v va-V n-7--Jiayvr ' . .L-s . , 1- v '. ' Y.. I :xg S lSWvlqTTsL' x,v M, A .D I O J ' K ' . 4 l 3' Pr. 1 . li' .s I O .A .kv '4 Olf- 1 Y A 4 03.4.5 4 . , . 1 'J X 1 Q- L: 1 J. The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The favorite professors. best teachers.- most brilliant.- most polished.--Dr. most eloquent. most cultured. most admired. Dr. Dr. --Dr -Dr. -Dr. Faculty Census -Dr. Stevens, Dr. Tallant Stevens, Dr. Potter. Leifmann. Kelly, Dr. Morris. Deaver. Leffmann, Dr. Henry. Everitt, Dr. Peckham. best quizzer.-Dr. Stevens. most gallant.-Dr. Morris. most exacting.-Dr. Lathrop. Dr. Tracy. fairest.-Dr. Tallant. Dr. Lathro P. most loquacious.-Dr. Cummins. one whose quizzes teach the most.-Dr. Stevens 'born quizzer.-Dr. Stevens. one who has done most for our class.-Dr. Peckham friends of the students.-Dr. Russell, Dr. Potter scare of the freshman.-Dr. Cushing, Dr. Lathrop All names are placed according to the numberzoflvotes received A bracket indicates a tie. 151 Senior Census The seniors destined for fame.-L. Y. Tsao, A. Hockaday. The most generally liked.-H. F. Love, M. E. Brydon, D. M. Presson. The most promising surgeon.-G. von Poswik. The most promising obstetricians.-A. R. L. Caffrey, S. Ostrow. The most tactful practitioners.-M. R. Lewis, M. McFall, D. Perez- Marchand. The most practical student.-M. E. Brydon. The best clinicians.-C. Moeller D' M' Presson' ' M. Sullivan. The best diagnostician.-A. Ellsworth. The most womanly.-A. R. L. Caffrey, M. P. Ryan, C. Bash. The most cultured.-L. Y. Tsao. The most independent.-B. M. Meine, H. M. Stewart. The most capable.-D. Perez-Marchand, C. Moeller, M. R. Lewis. The most charming.-H. F. Love. The wittiest.-M. J. McFall. Johnny on the spot.--E. B. Dunlap. Whose 'worth is most modestly hidden.-B. M. Meine, D. Perez-Mah chand. The most diplomatic.-M. R. Lewis. The biggest bluffers.-S. M. Davies, A. Hockaday. G. von Poswik. The hardest grinders.- E. B. Dunlap. H. M. Stewart. The biggest book-worm.-A. Ellsworth. The fusser.-G. von Poswik. The ones who have done most for the class.-M. E. Brydon, D. Perez- Marchand. All names are placed according to the number of votes received. A bracket indicates a tie. .152 'F Why some of Our Doctors will have Good Practice. Sadie M. Davies-Because A little woman, Though a very little thing, Is far sweeter than sugar Or flowers in the spring. Sarah L. Garrett-Because when she assures the patient Now she will be ALL right, who dares to doubt her? Dr. Sullivan-Because she believes in top-milk for breakfast. Florence R. lVeaver-Because with her pretty dimples she would be both cheerful and competent. Adelaide Ellsworth-Because she has the best judgment and the most serious mind. Li-Yum Tsao-Because she is most able to put theoretical knowledge into practice and is gifted with personal charms that win the confidence of the patient. Hattie F. Love-Because she answers so well in Practice quiz that she seems to know her Therapeutics Q ?j M. I. McFall-Because she will keep the patient's spirits with her wit. Caroline M oeller-Because to have a winsome, attractive face and a charming personality around makes the patient well. Sophie Ostrow-Because she inspires confidence in the patient by her calmness and poise. T53 Maria P. Ryan-llecause her own self is the best drug for in- somnia. Edythe Winn W elbourne-Because her sun-shine disposition will advertise her great services. Ora H. Kress-Because patients will so love to see her that they will be willing to find a medical excuse for it, even if it costs them money. D. Peres-Marchand-Because she has the greatest capability in bal- ance with the least presumption. Helen M. Stewart-Because she is conscientious as very few mortals. Josejina M. Villafaiic--Because she never gets pale with anxiety no matter how seriously grave the case may be. Why Others will not be so Successful. Marguerite Bailey-Because she would be too busy to give the patient proper attention. Joscfina V illafaaie-Because she dispenses drugs in rather generous doses. M. Evelyn Brydon-Because, not being able to hear heart-murmurs, she might diagnose indigesti0n for valvular disease. Julia Mary LC U01ld0'Ii'SlCl-iiCC3LlSC she gives all her time to puffs and curls at the expense of science. D. Perez-Marchand-Because she always finds grave symptoms accompanied by a suffering expression. Dorris M. Presson-Because the desire to sing What will little Dorris do ? might be too great an exertion. Carolyn Clark-Because she would be too busy to come. Effie B. Dunlap-llecause she might be afraid to go out in the dark. Adelaide Ellsworth-Because she asks too many questions. Mary R. Lewis'-Because she could not make a diagnosis unless Presson, Ilockzlday, Ellsworth :incl Clark were consulted. 154 Agnes Hockaday-Because tl1e patient might lose his heart, and what's the use of saving a life when the heart is lost? Clementine C. Bash-Ilecanse she might not want to get her hands dirty. Ora H. Kress--Because when the call came, she might have a pre- vious engagement. Elisabeth C. Smith-Because jr, might need her at home when the patient most wanted her. Olive Pippy-Because bringing in foreign goods without paying duty on them, might result in losing her patients from sun-stroke. Emilie C. Jamison-Because she might be so engrossed in reading Stewart's Surgery. that she might ride by her patient's house. . i 1 JINGLE BELLS AT RIATERNITY. 155 College Census The freshest freshman? Magdalene Sparks, 'l4. The most patronizing sophomore? Adaline Francis, ,I3. The haughtiest junior? Alma Read, 'I2. The most conceited senior? Helen M. Stewart, '1 1. The best athlete? Ethel M. Polk, 'l2. The most independent? Frances P. Manship, 'I2. The most original? Frances P. Manship, 'I2. The most sociable? Helen J. Le Maistre, '13, The most eccentric? Gisela von Poswik, ,II. The most courteous? Li Yuin Tsao, 'I 1. The most professional looking? Mary Knowles, '12. The biggest shop talkers? Vera Schectman, '12, Sadie M. Davies, '1 1. The one with the longest reaction period? Edna Dayton, '12, The one with Cor. Bozinnm? Mary S11llivan, 'II. The most popular student? Hattie F. Love, '11. The best all-round girl? Augusta A. Sassen, '12, The typical hen-medic? Berta M. Meine. 'lI. The typical girl of W. M. C? Amy A. Metcalf, 'I2. The most loyal daughter of LV. M. C.? D. Perez-Marchand, ,II. The general anesthetic? iEE'a'1i'Zl?1Zyge'Qll,'i'4. The tonic? Mary E. Brydon, '11, Helen Le Maistre, '13. The hardest worker? Carolyn A. Clark, ,II. Hattie F. Love, '11. Augusta A. Sassen, '13. The most sentimental? Marie Millikin, '13. The two students who are isoineric? Mary Sullivan, '11, Helen J. Le Maistre, '13. . Mary E. Brydon, 'II. The catalytic agent? Li Yuin Tsao, ,I I' All names are placed according to the number of votes received. A bracket indicates a tie. Zigzag Cuts The dissection had been so thorough that it was found impossible to govern THE SCALPEL. The knife itself moved in every direction and zigzag cuts were unavoidable. The following have been recorded for future reference, since they were Pronounced not amenable to treatment. SUGGEsT1ONs uv THE STUDENT BODY FOR FUTURE OF COLLEGE. Raise the entrance requirements. Require seniors to take examinations in all specialties. Raise the age limit for entrance to college. Have a more general clearing-house between faculty and students for the settlement of the latter's grievances and troubles. Make the Undergraduate Medical Society what it should beg not merely a phantom. Spend some money and energy in advertising the advantages that our college offers. Instil college spirit into the students. Facilitate and encourage the publication of The Esculapian and The Scalpel. SUGGESTIONS BY THE SENIOR CLAss FOR THE BETTERMENT OF THE COURSE. That the course in Clinical Pathology be arranged so that less time be wasted. Better quiz-masters in certain subjects. More clinical material. A course in Pharmacology. Make the course in Materia Medica and Therapeutics three years. 157 Have the ward classes in Gynaccology so arranged that seniors waste less time in trying to take long notes. Have a course in Practical Physiology. Give the seniors work at Barton Dispensary. Take cases in the hospital in conjunction with the Clinical Pathology course. Give more examinations on special subjects previous to the time for other Finals. Have all quiz-masters announce beforehand the subject of their regular quizzes. Continue the Histology contest between the sophomore and freshman classes. Give all final examinations in the morning and not in the afternoon. Allow students to cut more than one-third in some quizzes. 153 Reasons of the Seniors for Coming to W. M. C. in Preference to a Co-ed. School The thought of becoming a professional woman and still being a woman. Because of the stimulation of working under women who have at- tained prominence in the medical world. More attention given to conditions which women physicians are most frequently called upon to treat. Because it was a woman? college and stood for the great Cause of Women. SENIORS, ADVICE TO A GIRL STARTING TO STUDY MEDICINE. Be not a girl, but a woman. Be womanlyg be friendly, cultivate common-sense and have some outside interests and amusements. Study faithfully, but take plenty of time for eating, sleeping and recreation. Train the mind to get the important facts only. Have perseverance so that difficulties may lend encouragement. Repeat this question daily for the first three months: Am I fit for this life of great sacrifice and self-denial? Treasure up general knowledge from the study of literature, arts and fundamental sciences, build up into more than a medical woman: into a broad-minded woman. Be a thorough lady, a conscientious student, a woman with convic- tions who has the courage to follow themg steadfast and immovable in the fundamental principles of the brotherhood of man, broad enough to be a friend of all and yet capable of rightly choosing intimate friends. Cultivate unselfishness, patience, courage, self-denial and retain all womanly virtues. 139 Prefer W. M. C. to all other medical schools: it is here and only here that a girl can be transformed into a medical WOMAN. It is only here that the course is so arranged as to give proficient and practical knowledge, especially in Gynecology and Obstetrics, equal to that of a physician with several years of experience. WHAT YEAR or THE Counsx-: WAS Mosr ENJOYED AND Wav? The first-Because it is the blissful year of unconsciousness when one does not know what is kept in store. The third year-Because of the feeling of being something The third year-Because it gives relief from the grind of the second year. The third year-Because it is the most interesting. The third year-Because there is greater interest associated with the first practical work. The third year-Because it gives a splendid course in Minor Surgery at Barton Dispensary. The third year-The course in Physiology is a thing of the past. The third year-Because students' days just reached their climax. The fourth year-Because it gives this feeling: I am soon to be a full-fiedged Doctor. 160 xx if SR Records of the W. M. C. Students' Phonograph I am always in a receptive moodf,--Dean Marshall. It used to be so when I was a school-boy. -Dr. Lejfmamz. Fight for life . . . w that is all: whom can you fight P -Dr. Henry. ell, if you are sick, you are sick and Never , y. -Dr. Everitt. use bichloride wash on a fresh wound be it clean or dirt Did the bell ring? -Dr. Peckham. KK Students specially need physiological rest. -Dr. Lathrop. I did not hear itg most probably it was wrong. -Dr. Stevens. KK You and I and the rest of us all know that. -Dr. Kelly. In the Johns Hopkins Hospital it was found to be so. -Dr. Tallant. Matter not pertainin to th writer. -Dr. Lathrop. H g e question will be counted against the What else under the heavens ? -Dr. Kelly. Oh, girls, you were ' t Hartley. Jus exposed to Surgery last year! -Dr. 161 When I have the pleasure of meeting you next time, ladies, I will finish this lecture. -Dr. M orris. Any one knows ?-All those who have been nurses, come down here. All doctors' daughters, come down here . . . are there any more doctors' daughters ? -Dr. V an Gasken. The subject is exhausted but I hope I have not exhausted CHU you. -Dr. Cummins. Yes, it is just opposite to what you say. -Dr. Stevens. Girls, never say 'I don't know'-use your common sense, remember the good old-fashioned remedies that grandmother used for you all. -Dr. Potter. The work of Ehrlich's is most wonderful. -Dr. Peckham. Define valency.-Oh dear, you must get this straightened out once for all. -Dr. Tracy. Now, these cases will come to you for treatmentg and you must treat them heroicallyg get your nerve, and open freely to investigate the cause of mischief. -Dr. Deaver. Where are the students to-day ?-I forgot my roll-book. -Dr. Noble. Are you a doctor's daughter ?-And you never saw anything that looked like this ? -Dr. Van Gasken. Fresh airg fresh air is needed. -Dr. Lathrop. If you don't learn anything else,-learn this. -Dr. Deaver. Burntg baked beyond recognition. -Dr. Cushing. For heavcn's sake, don't say that to the chief when she gives you a quiz. -Dr. Potter. I would not have you take this too seriously: perish the thought. -Dr. Cummins. Ladies, am I speaking too fast ? -Dr. Kelly. You are late, Miss Brydonf'-Dr. Van Gasken. You still have two periods to make up. -Dr. Tracy. Never neglect early investigation in all such cases. -Dr. Everitt. Don't stand around with your hands in your pockets, get busy. -Dr. Deaver. 162 My son at the University had that same trouble. -Dr. Noble. I know your name, but I can not remember it now-wait, my dear, don't speak. -Dean Marshall. That is as plain as the nose on your face. -Dr. Cushing. just one more minute, ladies. -Dr. Morris. Brilliantg just right: I will write the death certificate now. -Dr. Stevens. I hope you won't disgrace me when you get to be upper class- girls. -Dr. Tracy. That same principle is applied in some forms of industrial opera- tion. -Dr. Leffmann. Now, girls, I wish you all success with your ten cases, if anything is wrong, send for the chief. -Dr. Kraker. My daughter study Medicine ?-no, indeed: that is too hard a life for a woman g that's a dog's life. -Dr. Cushing. Parenchymatously speaking. -Dr. C ummins. In other words .... so to speak . . as it were. -Dr. Deaver. That present senior class is wonderful. -Dr. Cushing. The ingratitude with which physicians meet is great . . yet, physicians are not greater cynics than other men. -Dr. H enry. They are conspicuous by their absence. -Dr. Cummins. There is one operation that all physicans must know and that is intubation-you, girls, must know g get your nerve 5 say to yourself, 'I can do it as well as the other fellowg as well as my boss,' and go ahead. - Dr. Deaver. Oh, the feminine mind !-Girls, to reset a fracture properly, you must do it heroicallyf'-Dr. Hartley. This mahogany red is what Dr. Kelly calls mahogany brown. - Dr. Cummins. Be always ready to greet your old friends, your anatomical land- marks. -Dr. Deaver. The cases that will present themselves to you. -Dr. Deaver. I tell my residents . . . -Dr. Deaver. 163 This patient comes to you: you are the only doctor in town. -Dr. S tevens. What is your professional opinion about that, in your best style? -Dr. Stevens. What chance will this patient, suffering from . ., have under your professional care ? -Dr. Stevens. , This was long time ago. -Dr. Henry. D The attic is full of cobwebs, the adhesions. -Dr. Deaver. It seems almost a crime to charge money for such an easy opera- tion. -Dr. Deaver Gall stones are found everywhereg the theatres and churches are full of gall stonesg-if you caught hold of people and shook them, you would hear them rattle. -Dr. Deaver. The more I see of surgery, the less faith Ihave in drugs. -Dr. Deaver. Don't stuff your patients with sweet oil and essence of pepsin: this is what they want Cshowing it in his handj-the knife, the knife. Bev- erages will not dissolve gall stones .... nonsense! -Dr. Deaver. I seriously object to that. -Dean Marshall. -I The Great and the Near Great ACT I SCENE-West lecture room, seniors seated Cmany in the rearlj chatting, teasing one another, laughing. A patient, a young girl wrapped up in a blanket, is seated to one side facing the class. Enter Dr. Van Gas- ken in a well-tailored, white-duck coat with a button, Votes for Women, on the collar and papers sticking out from the left hand breast pocket, drawing out a page of the college catalogue, proceeds to call the roll: Miss Bailey, Miss Bash, Miss Brydon, she stops, Where is Miss Brydon ? then continues to the end. Where are all the rest of you ? DR. VAN GASKEN Qlooks at the patientj- Now this young woman . . . . . You are a young woman, aren't you? LTO the classj Whose patient is this? Miss Stewart's? Will you come down and read her history, Miss Stewart? Miss Presson, please close that upper door. Miss STEWART QYCHCISJ--H21 years old, married, has one child, has had an operation ........... DR. VAN GASKEN-KKHOW very far along life's way she is! She has come here with this tragic tale ...... Why did she come to the Hospital, Miss Stewart ? Miss STEWART- Digestive disturbances, pain around her heart with an attack of acute dilatation of the stomach. fMiss Ellsworth enters and comes blustering down the steps.j DR. VAN GASKEN Clooking upj- Here comes Miss Ellsworth. Now we are going to have a snap-shot diagnosis. lContinuing.l Now we'll have the patient lie down on the table and see if Miss Stewart can demonstrate the dilatation. Will you come down here too, Miss Jamison? Some students are like modest violets, you never know they are here. lEnter Miss Brydonj Miss Brydon, you are late. Miss BRYDON-UYCS 'um, I reckon I am. DR. VAN GASKEN- This patient has been home four weeks since the operation, surrounded by an anxious, sympathetic family and conse- quently here she comes back to us. lMiss Stewart patting patient's hand.l Not too much of that, Miss Stewart, not good for her. DR. VAN GASKEN-'iMlSS McFall, do you think the history of this case gives us any clue to the present condition? Now, I see Miss Clark shaking her head. I've a new pair of glasses. I can see more than I ever did before, I have both side and front view now. They are toric lenses, they are great things. 165 Miss Love.- What kind of lenses did you say they were, Dr. Van Gasken ? DR. VAN GASKEN- T0flC,' Qspellsy T-o-r-i-c. Miss LovE- Ol Toric. I wanted to know because I want to get Some. DR. VAN G.xsR1fN- Miss Ryan, will you go down into the clinic and bring up those bottles? Miss Stewart, have you looked at this patient's tongue ? Miss STEWART- No, doctor. DR. VAN GAsKEN- Always look at tongues, for tongues tell tales. Now this child, Qthat is all she isj has symptoms referable to the stom- ach. lEnter Miss Ryan with two bottles and a medicine glass. Dr. Yan Gasken fills the glass and hands to the patient.1 Mrs. S., this is a Seidlitz powder. Swallow this. lPours another glass.l Now, swallow this. Keep lips tightly closed. Swallow. lTo class.l Now you see here is her stomach. ll'ercussingI llear it F l'1'o patient.I Keep lips closed. No, it doesn't hurt. Dr. Faughnan, will you get some aromatics lTo patient, who looks unhappy.l Yes, yes, yes, we'll give you something right away to make you better. Open your mouth. Take long breaths, long breaths. That's the idea, all right, that's it. Now it's better. Don't spend your time crying: take deep, long breaths. Miss Ryan. will you take the patient back to bed? Miss Love, do you think she was suffering from any real pain ? Miss LOVE- No, I don't, it was mostly put on. DR. VAN GASKEN- XVhat do you think about it, Miss Perez? By the way, where is Miss Tsao ? Miss PEREZ-uSllC is at Maternity. DR. XvAN GASKEN-USCCITIS to me she has been there a long time. lClass laughs, she has been there only one day.1 Did that patient really have pain, Miss Perez Miss PEREZ- X7CS1 she did have a slight pain which she exagger- ated in her nervous excitement. DR. XVAN G.xsRr2N- Oh my g how many soft-hearted people are there in this class? How many hard-hearted ones agree with Miss Love? Miss Bailey stands by Miss Love. Miss Stewart, what medicine is the patient getting? . . .XYhat's the dose, a drop or a drain? Miss CLARK- A teaspoon. Miss STEWART- A tablespoon. lt is a six ounce mixture and she is getting fifteen grains of bismuth to the dose. DR. XVAN GASKEN-- HOW did you work it out ? Miss STEWART- full, I don't know. I can't do arithmetic 166 DR. VAN GASKEN- Don't use scruples. That is an old term. We don't have scruples anymore of any kind. Mrs. Garrett, what dost 'thee' think the bismuth is given for P MRS. GARRETT- A sedative. DR. VAN GASKEN- VVhat would you do for her, Miss Bash? DMISS BASH Qmakes a startj- Sir P Cconfusedj What did you say, Doctor P ' DR. VAN GASKEN-i'MlSS Stewart, what is the bismuth given for ? Miss STEWART-LIAS a laxativef' DR. VAN GASKEN- Why, we just said it acts opposite. The words are still in the air back there. fLaughter.I This patient illustrates several things. One thing: you mustn't get married too early. lLaughter.j Miss Lehnis fsotto rocej: we're safe. Xet'er trouble trouble 'til trouble troubles you. fMiss Meine slips out side doorj But I remember a medical student who had a great many operations and got a lot of attentiong didn't Finish her course, then got marriedg got side- tracked from herself, and so got well and fat. But it took a long time to get evolution to this higher state. lLaughter. Miss Clark disappears out side door.l Dr. Van Gasken explains all points of interest in the patient and outlines the course of treatment to be followed. Second patient comes in, who has stains over arms, hands, neck and shoulders posteriorly. DR. VAN GASKEN-iiHCfC we have a skin lesion that needs diag- nosis. Come down here and see it. fStudents with much noise, bang- ing down the arm rests of the seats, rush downj Look at it, what do you think of it P Miss Lewis- It looks like Vitiligof' Miss VVEAVER-UI think it is not. DR. VAN GASKEN-'AWS don't seem to agree. Have you all looked at it? Have you seen anything that looked like this, Mrs. Welbourne? Have you Miss Caffrey? You are a nurse, Miss Caffrey. NVho else here is a nurse ?-Miss Brydon, Miss von Poswick, Miss Pippy. Well, if you don't diagnose it, I will call on the doctors' daughters. Miss . . . .Qshe looks around the roomj-come down here, Miss Kress, you are a doctor's daughter on both sides. The case is very thoroughly dis- cussed and Dr. Van Gasken warns the seniors that it is time to know these things. fEnter Alfred and the janitor carrying a patient on a stretcher, who is laid on the table. Exit Alfred heaving long breathsj DR. VAN GASKEN-:KNOW this patient is our old friend, Mrs. X. You all remember her, don't you P fYes, in chorus.1 She is our 167 patient suifering from chronic dilatation of the stomach ltwo students disappearl complicated by a heart lesion. She is to have a lavage once a month. Miss Moeller, come down and give the lavage. It is worth learning to know how to introduce the stomach pump properly. Now moisten it. l'l'o the patient.j Swallow it like a robin swallows a worm. Easily. easily now, on, on, down. All right. lExit Miss Davies, outside door- bell rings.j Now, Miss Brydon, you're the doubting Thomas. Will you listen to this heart. Is the murmur systolic or diastolic? M rss BRYDON- I kant hear any murmur. I reckon my stethoscope isn't any good. DR. XYAN GASKEN- Ol Miss Brydon, you must hear it. In heart murmurs remember the time, the place and the girl. lExit Miss Bailey out side door.1 After great exertion, Miss Brydon hears the murmur. Enter patient suffering from asthma. DR. VAN GASKEN- DOES the class remember that last week we talked about a certain disease-asthma P fWinks at classj-f Yes, in chorusj Well, we have a lamb in the bushes lLaughter1. This patient also has many other 'ailments' besides the asthma. 'Many are the afiiic- tions of the righteous, but the Lord delivereth him out of them all.' Isn't that true, Miss Hockaday? Besides the medicine we discussed for the treatment of asthma, this patient needs something to take blood away from her think box. fExit several out side door.1 DR. VAN GASKEN Clooking around surprisedj- Where is the class? This certainly is a vanishing class ..... Well, we will con- tinue in the Hospital. Ward-class, come with me to our rounds. IALL Exnxj ACT II SCENE-A hospital ward. Nurses are running around excitedly, made more nervous every minute by the interne fa senior who is sub- stituting for one of the residentsj, who rushes to the telephone at frequent intervals to call up Dr. Cleaver. Receiving no answer she continues her distracted pacing between the beds, wringing her hands and exclaiming: My God, what can I do? W'hat shall I do? VVhat shall I say ? . . . just then Dr. Cleaver walks quietly in. My good girl, he says Ccalmly taking his glasses off and exchanging them for another pair from a handsome gold-mounted casej, my good girl, have I not told you, as it were, a hundred times what you should do in such a case? So to speak, have I not repeatedly told you that intcrnal hemorrhage should be diagnosed from secondary shock? You should always be prepared 168 for these cases. In other words, you should know how to treat them. And above all, I always tell my residents not to call me up on the 'phone every fifteen minutes. So to speak, the resident should know her business. The interne, shaking from head to feet, makes no answer, but keeps turning sheets from the patient's daily chart. Dr. Cleaver takes off his coat, turns up his sleeves and says: Give me some gauze - he walks towards the patient's bed and turning to his assistant he continues- no, not so much. These young ladies must be taught to be economical. Dr. Heartsease, turning to the interne: I am ashamed of you. Don't you know any better? Don't you know what we do in this hospital to control internal hemorrhage? And while the contrite interne looks down silently, Dr. Heartsease adds: I do believe that these girls must learn the fundamental principles of Surgery before they get even to the senior year, its awful to think that the only thing they learn while they are students is to refer to their notes. And the innocent interne continues: Yes, doctor, I 'know I have it in my notes somewhere. ACT III Time-3.55 P. M. Place-West lecture room. Freshman class assembled for Anatomy Lecture. C Enter Dean Marshall followed by a gentlemanj THE DEAN Caddressing the Classj: Ladies, I am glad of this opportunity to extend to you my best wishes for a happy New Year. QFreshman Class staringly looks at the bones on the table.j DEAN fcontinuingj-And I also hope that it will be the last happy New Year that you will spend as students in this college. fFreshman Class looks blanklj DEAN-Ladies, it also gives me great pleasure fturning to the gen- tlemanj to introduce to you -- fEnter Alfred bearing a skullj DEAN fin confusionj-Why, isn't this the Senior Class? fExeunt Dean, gentleman and Alfred.j DEAN fmurmuring as she leavesj-Now I'll have to say this all over again! 169 Dr. Stevens' Quiz. The early morning light was breaking across the Girard College tow- ers, when different groups of figures were seen silently hurrying along the street toward the car line. They had put by the charms of Morpheus, they had incurred the dan- gers of an acute attack of indigestion, and they were again placing their lives in jeopardy by daring to board a down-town car. They were well aware that this last aim was one compared to which a basket ball rush was as nothing, but their thirst for knowledge was not to be quenched by the dark prospect which lay before them. When a car appeared which seemed to contain only about sixty passengers, they placed one foot on the back-platform, suspended the other from its articulation, took a deep breath, for they knew it would be the last until they alighted,-gripped their note-books firmly-and hoped they would reach their destination with complete preservation of the normal relation of the component parts of their osseous systems. Their goal was reached! They had arrived at Dr. Stevens' Quiz. The scene shows a room with chairs placed around the walls occupied by aspiring candidates for lXI.D. in various attitudes, with a rocking chair placed eccentrically,-which chair performed eccentrically also, because when the quiz-master seated himself, after bowing to the group and began to rock, it slowly moved off toward the opposite end of the room. Every one is now attention-all look wise and expectant-the rustling ceases and the quiz begins. Dr. S.-CTO Miss Scitting, almost out of reach of his eye.j What is an acute infiammation of a Bronchus Miss S.-flleing a very rapid thinker, replies after a pausei, Dron- chitisf' Dr. S.- Clever, very clever! Into just what classes is it divided? Miss S. feels the depths of scientific knowledge stirring and answers, Acute and Chronic. Dr. S.- Good! Splendid! There is a merry twinkle in his eye and the others looking amused cause Miss S. to conclude that brilliant answers are not always ap- preciated. Miss A.-who has been taking a private nap in a far corner is aroused .my the question XVhat is another name for a white blood corpuscle? 170 She is staggered for a moment at the difficulty of the question, ponders it over, and after an impressive pause- a leucocytef' Dr. S.- Good! Best answer I ever had! The questions go around the circle, and then looking intently at Miss P., he asks- What is the differential diagnosis between Acute Bronchitis and Whooping-cough ? Miss P.- You cough up ?-Ah-a-cough up- Dr. S.- What? A whoop? Reaching Miss V. on his rocking-chair journey, he leans forward and asks, Symptoms of Lobar Pneumonia? She hesitates-is lost- and finally pleads that she never did under- stand lung. The quizzical look comes into Dr. S.'s eye and he asks innocently- ls that all ? Looking around, he catches sight of Miss K. reposing comfortably on the lounge and he inquires, Treatment for Bronchitis P Blank look-QMiss K.'s association areas are rusty this morningj Dk. S.- Your patient is waiting, he is getting nervous, better have him return in two hours while you look it up. The chair has reached the center of the room, and Miss P. being the nearest, he asks- What is your professional opinion in your best style as to the treatment of Fibrinous Bronchitis ? During her moment of hesitation, he answers- While you are think- ing about it, I will make out the death certificate. Miss L. in the far corner is asked- Differential diagnosis between Diabetic and Alcoholic Coma ? Miss L.-Cvaguelyj-'fln alcoholic coma, you find a bottle lying near by. Dr. S.- Oh! The fact that you find a saddle under the bed is no proof that the man has swallowed a horse. Meanwhile, he has been giving a systematic outline as to symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the various diseases-while the opinions of the future M.D.'s as to their amount of knowledge have declined to 32 degrees F., they have enjoyed the morning exceedingly and felt that to attend Dr, Stevens' Quiz was an inspiration to the student, While it left them marvelling that the human brain could be such a store-house of knowledge. 171 The Folly of the Wise SURGERY QU1z. DR. HARTLEY-What would you do to combat the shock following hemorrhage, Miss Presson? Miss PRESSON-I would give a hypodermic of coffee. OPERATIVE SURGERY. Miss STEWART-Tell me, Dr. Collins, aren't you going to turn the edges of that wound in before you sew it up? DR. COLLINS-Oh, well,-you might. NOTES IN DERMATOIDGY. Erythema nodosum is a mortifying diseaseg the itching is terrible and even the bed-clothes are irritable. -L. Y. TsAo. SURGERY Quiz. DR. HARTLEY-Miss Pippy, give one cause for fracture of the nasal bone. Miss PIPPY-I am not sure, but I think muscular contraction is the most common cause. IN THE COLLEGE HosP1'rAL. Miss PREssoN fwalking into the hospitalj To nurse-How is Miss Ridgway to-night? NURSE-She is doing very well. Mlss PREssoN-May I see her? NURSE-NO, not to-night. You know it is after visiting hours, and she had better not be disturbed. Miss PREssoN-VVhy, who do you think I am? . NURSE-HCF sister? You look like her- Miss PREssoN-Why, I am the student doctor. Don't you tell me that I look like her, nurse. GYN.xEcoLoGY QUIZ. DR. POTTER-IIOW would you build up your patient, Miss Clark? Miss CLARK-I would give her potassium iodide and castor oil. ljEMONS'l'RA'l'lON IN OPER.X'FIVE GYN.xEcoLoGY. DR. POTTER- I want you all to imagine that you are really operating on a living patientg all precautions are needed as well as all ability. Miss Ellsworth, you are the second assistant here-give us a cat-gut suture. 172 MIss ELLSWORTH fwhispering and rather puzzledj- It is not as easy as I thoughtg I better moisten the cat-gut a little. And this saying, she Carried the cat-gut to the mouth where she moistened it before threading the needle. PRACTICE OF MEDICINE Quiz. DR. THOMAS-Miss Presson, if after doing all that, the patient con- tinues ill, what else will you do? MISS PREssoN-Well, I suppose I have to let her die: that's all. AT THE GATE OF THE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL. A NUMBER OF STUDENTS-Guard, have you seen any of our students Come in yet? TIIE GUARD-Yes, the little one Came in long ago. STLTDENTS--DRVICS is always on time. CThey rushed in hurriedly and, oh surprise! It was not Davies but Dr. Sullivan that had been the firstj SENIOR CLASS MEETING. QThe art of teaching is being discussedj Mlss PRESSON-VV ell, let me'tel1 you, girls, that one has to be born to be a teacher. MATERIA M1-:DICA QUIZ. MISS MEINE-DY. Thomas, will you tell me what is the word that I am thinking of? I can't just now remember. NOTES ON BANDAGING QFirst Yearj. Pass the bandage well under the ox-bud UD -E. DUNLAP. PEDIATRICS QUIZ. DR. TAYLOR-Miss Love, give another name for Rickets. MISS LOVE-I reckon I don't know. DR. TAYLOR Qto another studentj-Can you give it? STUDENT- Rachitis. MISS LOVE-Why, I knew that .. . but I thought they both meant the same thing. - DR. TAYLOR-Yes, they dog that's why I asked you. OBSTETRIC QUIZ. DR. KRAKER-What is the patient's after-care? STUDENT-I would just feed her on prunes. 173 THERAPEUTIC QUIZ. DR. THOMAS-If in the course of etherization the patient starts to vomit, what will you do, Miss Bash? Miss BAS!!-I will introduce the stomach-tube and proceed with a lavage. PR.-XCTICIS or IXIEDICINE QUIZ. DR. TIIONIAS-GiVC the symptoms of Hlaryngismus stridulus, Miss Presson. Miss PRESSON-Well, the patient has an olive complexion. IN THE IJIOSI-'ITAL VVARD. MISS TSAO-Look, there is an Indian woman in that bed over in the cornerg do you see her, Miss Moeller. MISS MGSLLER-My clear, that woman is jaundicedg that's why you think she is an Indian. She has the characteristic coppcrish color. STUDENTS IN ONE voicis-Uh, my, nog that IS an Indian. Miss Moeller. That's why she is copper-colored. IN Tl-IE PEDIATRIC CLINIC. DR. LE BoU'I'II.I.IER-What is a child's length at the end of the first year, Miss Love? MISS LOVE-It is twice its length at birth. DR. LE BOUTILLIER-SO if it is eighteen inches at birth it will be thirty-six inches at the first year? MISS LovE-Yes, that's right. IN THE LIBRARY. MISS INICELLER to a classmate-Will you kindly direct me to Dr. Everitt? CLASSMATE-Yes, just there she is . . fdirecting her to Miss Hughesj. MISS Ih'ICELLER-DT. Everitt, I wish to speak to you about my work. MISS l-IUGIIES-Wh-wh-what did you say? VVhy, I am a junior, only a junior. Why does the differentiation between Capillary Bronchitis and Pneu- monia give rise to a diversity of opinion between Dr. Henry and Miss Presson? T74 WHY WVHY WHY WH Y XVHY XVHY XY H Y NVHY WHY NVHY WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY VVHY WHY Whys and the Other Whys was Miss Love so interested in watching a certain case that she even sat for a long time on a hot-water bag without feeling it? did Miss Perez-Marchand once take a nap during a certain lecture with all the comfort that the Hoor between the rows of seniors offered? clid Miss Lewis take her friends to see the great Jeanne d'Arc play on Tuesday evening when her tickets had been bought for Sat- urday noon zs ? did Dr. Van Gasken once say the Seniors are a vanishing class ? was Miss Dunlap's appetite Cas a patientj so very misleading? did Miss Bailey forget the date of her examination in surgery? was Miss C. Clark so interested in all that came from Germany? does Miss Ellsworth still remember the great annual ball of 191o ? was Miss Lewis so interested in the prognosis of certain orthopedic operations ? did Mrs. NVelbourne consider chemotaxis a certain mysterious JHinity ? did Miss Kress enjoy so well her junior evenings in the South Pole ? did Miss Jamison use opera glasses to follow a certain operation? was Miss Meine forbidden from seeing to her business with her co- business manager of the Aiscnlapian between classes? did Miss Brydon feel so happy when she received that great fruit cake accompanied with flowers? did the words it is a mixture so upset Miss Tsao? did Miss Presson receive that hot telegram from Dad on the day of the Army and Navy game? did Miss Pippy condescend to be only the consultant in one of her outdoor cases? 175 In Want of an Introduction QTwo students meet at the main door of the college buildingj First Student-What's the matter with you? Why, I have been to see you three times and every time you are out. Second Student-I have been so very busy that I have hardly lived in my room for the last week. I am trying to write for the Scalpel, and that takes my spare time. First Student-VVrite what? I don't careg I want to see you. Second Student-Anything that I may do for you? First Student-Yes, I want you to introduce to me Alma Mater. Ever since the last class meeting I have been asking people about her, and no one seems to know herg will you introduce me to her? Second Student-What? Are you trying to fool me? First Student-No, no fooling. I have got to know that lady or else, don't ask me to vote for her on anything. ' ill 4 X A an it-if S- ill '- 2 lx ' 'x ' f 1 4 176 ttwimff .-XFTERNOUN was closing over the , broad strawberry beds of the Wel- ' ton farm. The field was shut off from the public road by a stone fence, high grown with bushes and , W creepers. Its other side sloped I ....J. ' l y ' down to a narrow belt of meadow beyond which the maples and oaks of a forest climbed up the sides of a range of little mountains. All the various sunset noises of a much peopled barn and stable yard began. Children were getting in chips, chickens or loitering along the hill paths to bring home L . Q, feeding greedy the cows. From the further end of the field the farmer's wife, with steady swinging step, entered the patch. She was a tall, well-made woman, whose large, gnarled hands and muscular arms showed her a hard worker. Shrewd blue eyes and an abundance of reddish hair contradicted the evi- dence of age in the wrinkles of her face. Her pink and white skin had resisted, as not one in a thousand can, the leathering, sallowing effects of many New England winters. Her plain, well-fitting cotton dress with its bit of lace at the neck bespoke the sensible intent of tidying up for the afternoon, yet being equipped to collect eggs, feed poultry, and if need arose, discipline refractory livestock. She walked swiftly to a part of the field where one of the pickers, indifferent to the coming night, picked away as if she were gathering the plums of Paradise and this were the last chance ever to secure any. The farmer's wife stopped for a moment to note the row of filled baskets and the rapid movements with which the large, strong fingers searched among the leaves and brought away handfuls Mrs. X., it's time to stop, the sun is ready. Besides, I don't like a visitor to As they came to the large berry bring in their boxes. One of them I 1 of fruit. Then she spoke: Well, getting low and supper is nearly work too hard even at pleasuringf' crates, the other pickers began to was a tall, gaunt woman with a long, dark, sallow face, thick, unkempt black hair and sparkling black eyes. As she stepped along one could see the long, loose swing of thigh and knee and the answering swerve of the shoulders under the thin calico wrapper. In Grecian days, or in the East of Isaac's time, she might have been one of a strong man's daughters who -brought home her watering pot on her head from the distant well. As a young woman she must have been the perfection of that type of beauty-a type that withers not only unsung but almost unnoticed in our cold Northern civilization. Pickin' gettin' mighty scerce, mam, she said as she handed in her baskets. What with saving my rheumatiz and feeding berries to the baby here, I didn't get many boxes filled. She stepped aside to let her listeners see her little granddaughter, a well-kept, husky little chunk of humanity, broad as she was long. The baby was evidently full of strawberries, and an overflow meeting of the fruit that could not be got inside was assembled on her face and pinafore. There was evidently a deep-rooted companionship between the child and her grandmother,-the kind of friendship which takes no account of such non-essentials as years, their numbers or disparities. If you want to finish your crate to-night, Maggie, there's an hour of light left yet, said Mrs. Welton as she put away the boxes. No, mam. I've got to get home to make supper for 'Him'. 'Him's' been to New Haven to the bank. I got to make a strawberry shortcake. 'Him' does relish shortcake. I got just about time to bake it before 'Him' gets back. Lifting the baby easily to her shoulder, she started home across the fields. Always talking about 'Him', said Mrs. VVelton, putting the crate cover down tight. XVe neighbors don't think any too well of him be- cause he never has been anything to work-with his hands, I mean. We don't have much opinion of a man who stays at home and sends his family out to work. It doesn't look very well, does it? Yet I don't know but what it's turned out all right after all, for he's made them work and has taken their wages. he's at least put a home over their heads. They own all this next farm, good meadow bottom, with a brook through it. and that hill of timber over there. He's just gone to New Haven to-day to put the money in the bank, so the last payment on the mortgage. a hundred dollars, can be paid the first of the month. Then it will be all free of debt and all theirs. It beats all how he's always managed to put money in the bank-never took any out till they bought this place, and always kept adding to what he'd put in. Over at Sunset, when they first started in they weren't much better than cattle. They lived in a hut with one side open to the weather in summer, and not very ll 178 well closed in cold weather. Likely he did work more while the children were little, at least he took care of them, raised chickens and garden truck, did bits of tinkering for the neighbors and saved money from the wages Maggie earned going out to work. May be his not working much and sitting around thinking gave him time to study out how to get along. It isn't all in bone labor, you know-success isn't-need some head work. That's what we hand laborers don't value enough-head work. Well, to get on, he gave his children what schooling the law required-then set them to work and saved up most of their wages in the bank. They had a little money, of course, but they were not allowed to spend much of it junketing and pleasuring. When they began to grow up to be big boys and girls, the town of Sunset went to him and Maggie and made them have the marriage service performed. You see the oldest boy-the one that was killed by lightning last year--turned out to be a fine, manly, sensitive fellow, and the town folks thought he ought to have his family relations fixed up as well as they could be-at least have a legal right to his surname. Strange, wasn't it, that he should be killed in that sudden way? He'd got himself clothes like other young men wear, and had joined the church and the lyceum, and it looked like he was the one that was going to give the family a chance to get out among people. His taking off was a great blow to the old man--to all of them. Do the family appreciate what 'Him' has done for them ? asked the visitor, delighted to have wandered into a bit of real life being lived vividly from day to day. Yes, I think so, answered the other woman. UYou see he's been true, in his way, he's loafed at home, not at the grocery store or the tavern-though he drinks a bit now and then-none to hurt, he won't spend the money. He's always at home waiting for them, with a hot meal ready if they've been out for a day's work, and some little thing for each of them that shows he thought of each one. He sets a great store by the supper hour, when they are all home for the night, and have time to be together. They have a special chair that belongs to him, and they never let any one else sit in it, keep it for him at the head of the table, by the tire or on the porch where he likes to smoke summer evenings He's a kind of a hero to them, and I guess, when al1's said and done, he de- serves it,'for he kept them together all these years. I think likely, with all their long poverty and struggle, they've had a much happier family life than many of our well-to-do people, whose children follow nothing at all but their own sweet wills and show no promise of ever amounting to anything. As the two women walked along the stretch of road between the berry field and the house, they stepped aside to let a small herd of four 170 cows pass by. The youngest, a year-old heifer, plunged along with head up and eyes rolling, with that graceful brainless prance of young cowhood, needing the whole road for her antics. Behind the cows there trudged briskly a young woman of medium stature, with dark hair and face, and dressed in a bright red waist, black skirt and smart tan shoes, the whole suit evidently new. That's another one of 'Him's' daughters, said Mrs. Welton, as she spoke pleasantly to the girl. She goes berrying over at the jacob's farm and brings the cows along on her way home. Does she wear that raiment to berry picking? asked the visitor. Why, the old man gave her back some of her wages, explained the farmer's wife, and she laid the money out on these clothes. It does seem a shiftless way to treat new clothes, but they're hers and she worked hard to earn them, and I'm glad to have her enjoy them even if it is berryingg you see she has nowhere else to go to wear them. The old man has pulled his family up a long way, into landowners and taxpayers, but he can't do everything. Somebody else has got to help them to the other things,-a place among people, some- where to go and have a little change and pleasure and company. The church can do it, that is if its young people have 'all wool' Christianity, and not the kind that's all used up by the time it has led prayer-meetings and dug ice cream out of the freezers at church suppers. I think one of the church's great chances is to help socially the best of such people as these Mertons-the ones that are ambitious and eager, and need only such a little bit of help-but do need a little. There's Flora flagging us with a dish towel, that means supper's ready and she hasn't much patience if we're late, no good cook has. In the dining-room of the red brick house sat the farmer reading by the window. He was an old Civil VVar soldier, gray and stooped, but still hale and hearty. A man of rare good sense, his invincible silence and quick, droll look hid the humor of a Sidney Smith and a true cor bovinumf' Years back, he had rented out most of his farm, and left the gardening and stock-raising to his ambitious wife and her competent hired help. He spent his time smoking good tobacco, reading hugely of fiction and history, driving behind a fast nag, and vibrating between the endless celebrations of the G. A. R., Masons, Odd Fellows, the church, and a half a dozen other fraternal societies. He served on every town committee that had for its aim the helping of the widows and orphans in their financial straits, the succoring of the unfortunate. and the good of the poor, but never could he be induced to take part in any discipline, reproof or punishment-and, not the least, he was the best all-round chum the boys of the town had. ISO The bell was rung for the hired boy, and supper was brought in. The table was characteristic of the people who spread it, the inevitable cold pork and beans, big slices of bread, hot potato cakes, white light raised biscuits, miniature mill stones of yellow butter, sweating in big drops of their own salt solution, the regal shortcake flashes of vivid color in a mist of whipped cream, and the tea, that sainted beverage, strong enough to float an egg comfortably, and potent to eat the lining out of the average human stomach. There followed that atmosphere of the intense personal joy of the good eater who sits at leisure with his favorite viands at his mercy. When I came up from the barn I saw a big auto go tearing down to Merton's and a couple of men get out and go into the house, said the hired boy as he passed his plate for more short- cake, he having omitted all lesser victuals from his menu. Likely some- body to look at the farm, there's been some parties wanting to buy it, said Mrs. Welton, cutting out an immense slice of the shortcake. Before she had finished the sentence, a quick step crossed the piazza and a neighbor entered the room with horror in every feature. A sense of evil seemed to fill the room and some one asked, What is it P Old man Merton is dead, killed by an auto, said the woman, holding to a chair back to quiet her trembling. It happened this way: the trolley from New Haven stopped in front of the parsonage as usual, and a lot of people got off, Mr. Merton among them. A rod or so in front of the car was Tom Smith's automobile, full of children he was bringing home from the picnic. Tom stopped his car for the people to cross over and they all did except Mr. Merton. He stepped in between the tracks to wait for the auto to go by. Tom had plenty of room, so he started up at full speed. Just then the old man swung straight in front of the car. The doctor said he was killed right off, never knew he was hit. They've taken him to the undertaker's room up town and he's to be buried from there, he isn't coming home any more. Not coming home any more, and Maggie cooking supper for him, said Mrs. Welton brokenly. By a common impulse the people pushed back their plates and got up from the table, the man and his wife to consult with the neighbor as to how they could help the stricken familyg the boy to go softly about the last chores, pondering deeply as boys do, on the suddenness and mystery of the thing called death. The visitor, having no rightful part in this crisis, slipped out of the house to the brow of a hill overlooking the two farms. The sun was almost gone, the purple shadows on the mountains 181 were turning black, a regiment of white ducks drilled and quacked in the green grass near the barn, a horse with a wisp of hay in his mouth stuck his head out of the narrow stable window and gazed wisely at the landscape, the little chickens chee-cheed as they cuddled down to sleep, in the distance a dog barked joyfully at his master's home- coming. Everywhere beauty, rest, peace. Only in the low-roofed, weather- beaten farm house, sudden fear, deadly pain, dumb despair. Suddenly, as from the unclosing of a mighty hand, darkness fell thick and deep, and the day, like the soul of the broken old peasant, had returned to God who gave it. FRANCES Parry IWANSHIP, 1912. N14 ?o., si- 1,, 182 . D I n o'A 1 I af we 1 I 1 cw - I. Hear it at last-the parting lay So far off rising, echoes near, Comrades, assemble, let a ray Of bygone sun-beams warm us here. Farewell, farewell, O scenes so dear! The .parting words to heaven swell: 'Tis human, grieve, the stealing tear Becomes our eyes, alas! too well. From this day on, our paths diverge, Comrades, farewell. II. Four years ago we paced these halls With wand'ring steps, with fears concealed g A noble aim bugled the call And our hearts echoed the appeal: Join hands, join hands and work and heal The sufivring sick. Through toil and strife, Within these walls, we learned to deal VVith sorrow and pain, with human life. And may the lessons never fail, Wisdom so rife! 183 III. Alma Mater, farewell to thee, Thy stately halls no more shall ring With our laughter joyous, free. But once again we assembled sing Thy pride and glory. Thou didst bring Our latent powers all to light, These loyal hearts to thee will cling For thou hast made their morning bright, And now that Fate beckons our leave, Lead us aright. IV. Farewell our benches and our aisles! Farewell ye steps, ye winding stairs! Farewell ye labs ! Time will not file From our hearts thy charms so fair, Midst toil and grief and woe and care, We'l1 see thy vaults through the eyes of mind What happier days await us? Where Shall equal joys our future find? Swift college years, oh, happy years Just left behind! V. Now friend to friend, come, clasp the hand, Farewell, farewell, our days are gone! When shall we meet? On what fair land Shall we again sing without a moan? Oh, let the sacred bond alone joining our hearts, when far away, Be that great treasure we all own, Love for our glorious Red and Gray! Thus joined, farewell! On, face the unknown: Long live this day!!! D. P. 184 Y D U Ahuvriizvmvnin 3. cz. Cafbweff' Sy co. 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This is the coil which is recognized as the bust by experts. 41 1-415 Mint Arcade Building s'rYr.E No. msom Write' for vntnlogs 547.50 IQO Your Friends with defective hear- ing want to know about the Globe Ear U ,U Phone Nl:Al LIGHT UNOISTRUSIVE Sold by WALL 81 OCHS 1716 Chestnut Street Philadelphia Allows conversation with a deaf person in a natural tone of voice. Makes loud talking unnecessary West End Trust Company BROAD S'l'Rlil'l'l' AND SOUTH PICNN SQUARE PHILADELPHIA Capital . . . . 51,000,000 Surplus .... 51,050,000 Acts as EXIZLUTOR, ADMINIS- TRATOR, GUARDIAN, TRUSTEE Safe Deposit Boxes for Rent. Storage for silverware and other valuables. Interest allowed upon Deposits. Your Account is Solicifed ESTABLISHED 1897 , B. S. STERN CO. Manufacturers of The DOLLS' OUTFITS Vienna Baking Co. I I ea Master Street, 23rd to 24th Blioiig' Philadelphia QUTFITS Bread Cakes Pies 1 ETEYIC Right ' f 'A it ' Pie Egg Elbow M acarom I C 5 J SWEETENED and UNSWEETENED 1 52 1 UNITY STREET ZWIEBACK Frankford, Phila. I 1 , Cotrell EJ' Leonarcl Intercollegiate Bureau of W. EDGAR KEITH Manufacturing Optician 41 SOUTH EIGHTEENTH ST. PHILADELPHIA Caps and Gowns Heintzelman's Pharmacy 472 BROADWAY Alba N Y Established 1864 ny, . . soo LAND TITLE BUILDING N' College and Ridge Aves' Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pa. The BOOIKTOOIH Get your College Supplies, Text Books, Instruments, Rubber Goods, etc., from us Our aim is to please M0 Y0ll llll0l0Sl0ll In college affairs? Then subscribe for mr Esc mm Binmarfz !1llIvhiralQInl1rgr OF PENNSYLVANIA Sixty-First Annual Session Thorough Course 4 years Post- Graduate Courses CLARA MARSHALL, M.D., Dean Box 600-21st Street and North College Avenue PHILADELPHIA, PA. 193 ,, ,yfiv 51-.- .QI-r ,LA.1 ' Y: 'J f A Q ' v - Q' S L 'Q .VI . ', 'r'o'f sl' Y ' 3 -Y ,. 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