McKinley High School - Nugget Yearbook (St Louis, MO)

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THE CARNATION ...ggi I3 MACHINE SHOP

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...gl 1213s THE CARNATION MACHINE SHOP ANUAL training is the attempt to train together the head, heart and hand, especially through the use of various tools and machines. ln no other department of the school is there found so great a personal interest as in the Manual Training Shops, since most boys are mechanically inclined. This shop is one of the most important in the school, as it gives the student the finishing touches to his work in Manual Training. As one great educator has said, Much importance is placed upon machine shop practice, not only because of the fine educational training which it provides, but because of its technical and practical value. lt provides for the development of orig- inality, initiative and real thinking power, instead of training by rule-of-thumb, the instruction is entirely through blue-prints, job sheets, questions, problems and guided discussions. ln the machine shop as in no other division of the work, the metals are either cast wrought iron or steel, and the process is necessarily slow, patient and persistent effort by the student is more certain to be rewarded by character development and mental breadth. Again the senses are quickened by the neces- sity of close observation, and the reason schooled by its constant use of method, together with the planning of the logical sequence of the processes. Judgment is slowly, but surely acquired, and the will strengthened by the mastery of each new difficulty. From the forge shop, where the metals are worked when heated, the student goes into a new field. ln the Machine Shop, where the metals are worked cold, he also meetsa wilderness of belts and pulleys. Belts go in every direction, but each transmits power to a certain machine. The atmosphere is filled with a spirit of activity, the grinding of tools, cutting of metals, and the hum of belts, gives one the impression of a busy manu- facturing plant. The lathes, the fundamental machines of the shop, have many more clutches, handles, gears and pulleys, than the small speed lathes for wood-turning. The many polished steel parts of the machines shine brightly from the sunlight that pours in through the skylights in the roof of the shop. The equipment consists of ten lathes, a planer, shaper, milling machine, two drill presses and a universal grinder. The course in machine shop practice is divided as follows: Each project is presented in the form of a blue print and opera- tion sheet, from which the student receives the major part of his information, description and instruction. There is a series of thoroughly practical projects involving the uses of the lather, planer, shaper, drill presses, milling machine and grinder which are worked out by each student in logical order. The vice work enables the students not only to become familiar with the various hand processes of metal work, but to acquire skill in the manipulation of the common machinists' hand tools. The work includes laying out, filing, fitting, scraping and finishing. Lathe work includes the following operations: Cutting off and centering up stock, roughing out and finishing cuts, straight and taper turning, use of the compound shile rest, chuck work, in- cluding inside boring, face plating and thread cutting. The drilling deals not only with the ordinary processes of drilling, counter boring, and reaming, but includes the laying out and accurate spacing of holes in the given work. The grinding treats of abrasive processes, grinding machines, hand and machine operations, the grinding of both plane and cylindrical surfaces, and the sharpening of taps, reamers and milling cutters, while the grinding of hardened steel arbors, spindles and gauges forms an integral part of the work. ln addition to the regular course of exercises, the majority of which are machinists' small tools, some of the following machines are frequently designed and built by the students at the close of their senior year: Jackscrews, motors, steam and gas engines, small grindstone stands, and small machine tools. The students by this time are well acquainted with the vari- ous machines and have a fairly good idea of attack to a prob- lem given them. JOSEPH H. BAUER.

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...gy I4 jig. THE CARNATION MECHANICAL DRAWING A W RAFTING may well be called a science in some ways, an art in others and a branch of engineering in another, but, figuratively speaking, it is a mode of expression that may well be compared to a shorthand system. It is a method of ex- pressing accurately our ideas regarding form, shape, size, rela- tion and construction of things. It therefore gives a student pre- cision and enables him to express himself much more clearly and exactly in scientific matters, when description is necessary. ln fact, a good mechanical drawing can convey, at a glance, an idea more accurately than a half-hour of oral description. Be- cause of this fact, mechanical drawing is better adapted to the working out of complicated machinery. Mechanical drawing, from the standpoint of anyone who has studied it, is nothing more than applied descriptive geometry or geometry that deals with the representation of solids in space. To make it more clear, let us imagine two planes, one horizontal, the other vertical, intersecting in a straight line, called the ground line, and forming four right diethal angles or quadrants. An object may be placed in either one of the quadrants and its form or outline projected perpendicularly to both planes. The form drawn on the horizontal plane will then be called the top view or 'plan, and the form drawn on the vertical plane, the side view or elevation. Due to the fact that a drawing must be in a single plane fthe plane of the drawing paperl, the vertical plane must be imagined as being rotated about the ground line as an axis until it coincides with the horizontal plane, form- ing a single plane. A practical draftsman sooner or later discards these complicated mental processes for simpler ones that meet his purpose just as well. Another branch of drawing, architectural, is more or less of an art because success in that branch is attained not only by hard study, but with talent as well. The latter is probably the reason why there are so few good architects. A machine drawer, although he needs little or no talent, has to have a liking for his work, and must study as well. His work is not as artistic as an architect's. A mistake by either is apt to cause serious trouble by a loss of time and consequently money. A good illustration is that of a concrete building in the east that tumbled before com- pletion either because of faulty material, faulty workmanship, or faulty architecture. lt was never determined who was to blame, but it could have been the fault of the draftsman as well as of anyone else. Not a nail is driven, a girder put in place, or any kind of construction work done today without the help of the architect. I-Ie is the one who starts the construction work and it may well be said, Around him the work revolves. G. K. PATTON.