Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences - Yearbook (Boston, MA)

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TI-I E SCHOOL GRCH ESTRA

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shui Fd 7 iiifffi L r ' . v fxfw -i . . I -' -I ii, ' 1 , ' A v - I. X Ax sg w li V , lx ' - , 7 1 ' l 1 L ' .l Ill 1 cn CIBLE mm has very short straight fibers. Next to Sea Island, the ligyptian 111111111 is 1l1e best, While Orleans cotton is Very regular i11 staple. Though sea lSlll.llil 111111111 commands the highest price, stronger fiber of medium staple is mos1 i11 ClClll2lllll. Vtlhen the seeds and fibers have been removed from the pods, the fiber is stripped from the seeds by machines called gins-the roller gin, 0ll'ci2lI'llly'iS gin, the saw gin of Eli VVhitney, and others. Some short fibers still cling to 1l1e seeds and are made into Wadding. The cotton is compressed l1y Slttlllll pressers into bales of various weight, the American l1ale of Upland 11111111111 Xllflglllllg 1111 an average of 515 pounds, the Egyptian bale, 700 poundsg 1l1e llltllllll Zllltblll 400 pounds, and the Brazilian 175 to 220 pou11ds. Tl1e :Xmeriean t'yllllCll'lt'2ll bale, recently introduced, contains 420 to 430 pounds. Of late years, 1l1e 1-1111- sumption of the cotton by the factories has l1een very great a11d 1l1e supply has not tended to increase in as great ratio as the consumption. ' Purified cotton, or absorbent cotton, as it is COIHIl10lllY called, is eo11on freed from adhering impurities and linters, and deprived of fatty mat1er. l'urilied cotton Wool is cellulose in one of its purest forms. First the cotton is boiled in a Weak alkaline solution, then rinsed with a weak solution of chlorinated lime to whiten it, next it is dippec- into a very dilute solution of hydrocl1loric acid a11d thoroughly rinsed with pure Water. This frees it from any trace of fatfy matter. After cotton is thoroughly dried, it is finally carded. It loses about 10 per cent of its weight in this process. This purified cotton is employed in pharmacy a11d illl medicine i11 tl1e forn1s of filter paper, in muslin strainers, for surgical bandages and dressings, for paper, lint, etc. It is also used in funnels for straining, and in percolators for control- ling the How of the percolate. Cotton is used to a large degree in the manufacture of explosives, artificial ivory and many other important articles of present-day use. Besides the fiber, the seeds are a valuable product of the cotto11 plant. The m is used for making salad oils, butter, lard, soap and oil expressed from the Q I S tl rn Euiobe it is largely used instead ol olive phonograph cylinders. n ou 16 '1 , 1 s oil, or as an adulterant to the latter. Q g ' The meal from the seeds and the hulls makes excellent food lor cattle. The hulls also furnish material for an excellent grade of paper. The hber ot 1l1e stalks has been made into sacking for cotton bales and is also being used lll the carpet industry. 115

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