Manley (DD 940) - Naval Cruise Book

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1E::::5llIllllllllllllllIllIIIIIllll!llllIIIIIIIlIIIIlIIIIllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllll - ' . , A gh '. The harbor is the best equipped and is the chief commercial center of Portugal. At a distance of 9 miles from the mouth of the Tagus River, facing south and south- east across the Mar de Palha, the broad estuary of the river, the city is divided into eastern, central and western sections divided by two main groups of hills with a broad valley between them, all of which are fringed to the south by the docks and commercial quarters. The city of Lisbon itself does not occupy a very extensive area. From the center of the city, on the river, the city does not extend more than about 5 kilometers in any direction. Some sections of the city are centuries old and very crowded, traversed by narrow, winding streets. The newer and better class districts, built mostly on the north and northeast edge of the city are much more open, with wide streets and boulevards. In general, the industrial section follows the edge of the river, extending both upstream and down. There are also many industrial installations across the river at Barreire, Cacilhas, etc. Among the numerous factories are engine werks, ship-repair, foundry and engineering establishments, as well as a host of small concerns. At Barreire, the Companhia Uniao Fabril has extensive engineering, chemical and jute manufacturing works. At Alverca, near the military and civil airfield, there is considerable industry in oil refining, and a small air- craft repair works. The chief exports include coal, cotton, iron and steel, tin-plate, cereals, sugar, cod- fish, paper and industrial and agricultural machinery. Exports consist mainly of wines, cork, conserved sar- dines and tuna fish, fruit, vegetables and salt. Cotton fabric, manufactured from the raw materials, are sent to the Portuguese colonies. Foreign trade exceeds 2,000,000 metric tons a year, or nearly 601 of the total trade of Portugal. About 2,500 ships of an aggregate tonnage of l2,500,000 tons enter the port in a normal year. Passenger trade is large. In most directions, the city of Lisbon ends abruptly, the built-up and inhabited sections adjoining open farm land of a rolling nature. Only downstream, toward Estoril, is the surrounding area more or less built up along the marginal road with villas and other buildings. In the downtown business districts, where the streets are narrow and, except in a small rectangular area between the Rossio Square and the river, very sinuous, the traffic problem is quite serious, despite the fact that all of the streets in this area are one-way. Congestion is increased by the

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QEIIIIBF''' ''''''''' '''''' l!III!!ll!!IllllI!!I!FlllllllllHFfl!l!l!l!llllIIIIIIIIIIlI It was the Marques de Pombal who restored order and even- tually rebuilt the city much as it appears today. The French invasion led by General Junot occupied Lisbon in November 1807. The French remained in Lisbon fzr about a year when they were allowed by the Convention of Centra to evacuate the city unmolested. In 1810, the British General Wellington secured the lines of Torres Vedras which effectively saved the city from another invasion by the French. During the 100 years that followed, Lisbon exper- ienced many civil conflicts, lost a large share of her colonies, and declined both economically and politically under the new rule of eight monarchs, ending with Manuel II who was deposed when the Republic was pro- claimed by citizens and soldiers in October 1910. Dur- ing the 16 years of the Republic, civil conflicts con- tinued, and Lisbon saw three of her ll presidents deposed, 3 resign and 1 assasinated. The Republic was ended by the May 1926 Military revolt which ultimately resulted in the election of General Carmona as President of Portugal. Under President Carmona and his prime ministers, Lisbon has enjoyed comparative peace and ex- panded greatly to the north and west. Lisbon stands on the north bank of the Tagus River, 7 miles from its mouth. The city actually faces a wide stretch of the river fthe Mar de Palhal just before its width contracts to about is miles in the channel that forms the mouth of the inner estuary. The southern bank of the Mar de Palha is flat and alluvian, but the nor- thern banks near Lisbon and both sides of the entrance channel are mainly fringed by cliffs and hills. The port which lies east of a line from the Tower of Belem in the north to Lazareto in the south and includes the vast Mar de Pahla, has an area of about 97 square miles. The position of the harbor on the flank of the north- western Europe to Mediterranean and African ports sea- route, makes the harbor of great importance. The population of the city is approximately 710,000 and is the greatest city in Portugal, being the capital of the country, of the province of Estremadura and of the district of Lisbon. It is the seat of an archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church lknown as the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbonl.

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-' 'A-or -'-- maj- -- - -- fx-----v YY ' , 1 ,h 'Q--194-N we numberous street cars. Another important aspect of the general traffic situation is the amount of business carried out in the streets. Burros, pushcerts, fishwomon, porters and pedestrians, are constantly blocking traffic, Eastern Lisbon has grown up around a steep hill, on which the Castelo de S. Jorge, an old Moorish citadel, which includes a few streets within the circular line of its fortifi- cations. The ramparts give a fine view of Lisbon and its neighborhood. This is the most encient part of the city and conteins the cathedral and slums. Steep, tortuous alleys and precipitous flights of steps lead up from the river side. Most of the streets between the castle and the Tagus are more like lanes, being narrow winding 9 OJ steep and irregular. Western Lisbon is the new end fashion- able quarter. The newer residential quarter lies mainly to the north and westg the fashionable shopping district is mostly between the Palacio de Congresso and the Castelo de S. Jorge. Rua Garrett is the UFifth Avenuen of Lisbon. The lower city of centrhl Lisbon occupies e broad valley that slopes down to the river. Its higher stretches are occupied by the wide boulevard, the Avenida da Liberdade, ending to the south of the Rocio Square, which is the center of life and movement of Lisbon. The flag ground between the Rocio and the Tegus is the Cidede Baixa flower cityl, and here the streets are regularly planned in a rectangular fashion. To the south is the Praca do Comercio or Terreiro do Paco, the government square, familiarly known as UB1ack Horse Squsren. This square is bounded on the south by the Tsgus, on the other sides by the dreaded buildings of various ministries end other government buildings.