Manley (DD 940) - Naval Cruise Book

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a' - -YV V ' ' F V i H rj, . -1nw'-'--- .gg n -1 hlhf ea iSa :l ,.- 'h 1- A - is a .f ., U 1' 'I . ,. A ' V 5 5' f 's yi. ' ' Dil. fl' - - . 4 7 .- A ' if ' F'-... I. .K I' 1. l V A gl h .'L. 'j v.-' Q 5 ' ': , 4-A . 5 - . i . ai, -. Q---r v 5 3 1 9 --1 ,A ,' 'K V-fl! A-'. ,1 'f-f FW! 'k V' if ' 23 ' . -5, 1 1. - -v 1 .se L .La X M , NK. . . I x. E I f . , A iff13f5'- .., ills aiftx- 5 4. f- ' .fee--if--H : ' ' l ' ' fi I , .Aa A : E , ' mr- ,V tr 5 5 . - A - ,- .. -' - ' - ' . , 'x 'W ' - .y '- , .Nh 'I ,I A K' Situated on the northern bank of the Tagus River, the city of Lisbon has known many a master - many a civil- ization - in its eventful and historical past. lt has been Iberian, Ligurian, Celtic, Phoenician, Carthaginian, Roman, Gothic and Arabic. The Phoenicians were probably the first outsiders to settle in the hill district now 1 known as Saint George. The strategic value of this site, combining an important harbor flanking a sea route from northwestern Europe to the Mediterranean and Africa, was quickly recognized by the early settlers. Lisbon became one of the chief towns of Lisitania, after Julius Ceasar made the place a municipality about LO B.C. Later the city in 713 A.D. was conquered and strongly fortified by the Moors. On 25 October llA7, Alfonso Henriques, the first king of Portugal, captured Lisbon from the Moors with the help of the French, English and German crusaders on their way to the Holy Land. In 1256, when King' Alfonso Ill moved his court from Coimbra to Lisbon, the city began to gain rapidly in social, political and econ- omic importance. Lisbon became the capital of Portual about lL33. It was from Lisbon that the Portuguese first set out on their great voyages throughout the world in the 15th and 16th centuries. Vasco De Gama sailed from Lisbon in lL+9'7 to open a sea route to India. From l61+0 to 1755, after the Portuguese navigators had made many discoveries and built up a lucrative trade with Brazil, Lisbon became one of the wealthiest and most magnificent cities in the world. On the morni of l November 1755 a disastrous earth- . ng J quake, followed by fire and tidal wave,upset and burned the city, submerged the quay and wrecked all shipping. It is said that in the first 15 minutes, 50,000 people lost their lives as the tremors shook the lower city into a fire-lit cloud of dust and debris, soon awash in a 50-foot tidal wave.

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QEIIIIBF''' ''''''''' '''''' l!III!!ll!!IllllI!!I!FlllllllllHFfl!l!l!l!llllIIIIIIIIIIlI It was the Marques de Pombal who restored order and even- tually rebuilt the city much as it appears today. The French invasion led by General Junot occupied Lisbon in November 1807. The French remained in Lisbon fzr about a year when they were allowed by the Convention of Centra to evacuate the city unmolested. In 1810, the British General Wellington secured the lines of Torres Vedras which effectively saved the city from another invasion by the French. During the 100 years that followed, Lisbon exper- ienced many civil conflicts, lost a large share of her colonies, and declined both economically and politically under the new rule of eight monarchs, ending with Manuel II who was deposed when the Republic was pro- claimed by citizens and soldiers in October 1910. Dur- ing the 16 years of the Republic, civil conflicts con- tinued, and Lisbon saw three of her ll presidents deposed, 3 resign and 1 assasinated. The Republic was ended by the May 1926 Military revolt which ultimately resulted in the election of General Carmona as President of Portugal. Under President Carmona and his prime ministers, Lisbon has enjoyed comparative peace and ex- panded greatly to the north and west. Lisbon stands on the north bank of the Tagus River, 7 miles from its mouth. The city actually faces a wide stretch of the river fthe Mar de Palhal just before its width contracts to about is miles in the channel that forms the mouth of the inner estuary. The southern bank of the Mar de Palha is flat and alluvian, but the nor- thern banks near Lisbon and both sides of the entrance channel are mainly fringed by cliffs and hills. The port which lies east of a line from the Tower of Belem in the north to Lazareto in the south and includes the vast Mar de Pahla, has an area of about 97 square miles. The position of the harbor on the flank of the north- western Europe to Mediterranean and African ports sea- route, makes the harbor of great importance. The population of the city is approximately 710,000 and is the greatest city in Portugal, being the capital of the country, of the province of Estremadura and of the district of Lisbon. It is the seat of an archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church lknown as the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbonl.