Loyola University Maryland - Evergreen / Green and Gray Yearbook (Baltimore, MD)

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8 THE LOYOLA ANNUAL their place. “Our ancestors,” it has been said, “have bred pug- nacity into our bones and marrow, and this, together with our inordinate desire to fight because of gain, glory and deceit, is the stumbling block in the way of all peace. To remove this may require time, but if war is to be abolished it must be done only by destroying its causes and by teaching individuals and nations to regard each other with the good will and confidence involved in the word peace. Such a change, I believe, is already in progress and that the world is unconsciously but surely coming to act according to the dictates of right rea- son. The question of the “Creole,” formerly supposed to in- volve a question of honor, brought the United States and Eng- land to the brink of war. Y et, so amicably was it settled, even sixty years ago, that its existence has faded into oblivion. And, again, though twenty years ago an arbitration of the con- troversy regarding the North Atlantic fisheries would have been thought impossible on grounds of international honor, nevertheless, about a year ago, awards from the Permanent Court at The Hague were accepted on the fundamental points. Is it not obvious, that these and many other settlements spring from our new views of national honor? Do not such facts establish us in the belief that the one way to peace lies in changing the people’s views? Y es, if the advocates of peace ever accomplished anything in the way of permanent peace it must be not by treaties, but by correcting the hearts of the people. When the citizens of the nations, have as a unit the virtues that disdain excessive com- mercial greed; when they have put aside all unveracity and deceit and are willing to deal with each other on terms of mu- tual trust ; and, finally, when they have outlived their extrava- gant, personal, party and racial pride, then we shall have a a universal, international peace — not the kind that is transient and uncertain, but a peace that is permanent because founded in the hearts of the people. Ed. J. Hanrahan, ’12.

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THE LOYOLA ANNUAL 7 minor cases have been submitted. Those of greater moment have always been reserved for the sword. But in questions of great import will you tell me that they will be held by treaties? When a chance for commercial opportunity and prominence or industrial outlet arises, what care they for the loss sustained through the dishonor of a broken treaty? What care they for the sanctions of the press when they suspect a nation with which they hold a treaty of contemplating plans detrimental to their possessions? What care they for the dis- honor accruing to a breach of confidence when a sister nation has been guilty of some trifling affront to their extravagant national pride ? It will always be the old, old story. They will choose what to them appears the lesser evil. Was it not Na- poleon who said that treaties were made to be broken, and, indeed, when we consider facts in the history of peace we must admit that the Little Corporal was right. In the first Hague Conference did not Germany prevent the adoption of the principle of compulsory arbitration, thus showing at the outset her intention, should a distasteful question arise? And need I recall the Holy Alliance of 1815, which, for want of the sufficient authority, degenerated into a military device for d 5 mastic interests? To allude to further examples without time to cite the concrete instances would be unworthy of your intelligence, but I leave it to your knowledge of facts that the history of the world is a history of broken treaties. Nor can we hope for anything better from treaties, for, being without an adequate authority, they must always be uncertain. If, then, treaties must fail is there no other way you will ask? Yes, the cure is a deeper one. Treaties may counteract to some extent the causes of war, but permanent peace can be had only by giving new viewpoints to the people. The advo- cates of peace will talk of treaties, of arbitration and the like, but the real cure lies in eradicating those false views which lead nations to war and in implanting the opposite virtues in

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REV. JOSEPH I. ZIEGLER, S. J., Moderator Alumni Association,