Long Island College Hospital - Lichonian Yearbook (Brooklyn, NY)

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Y I ts, iii al Vid HH! 1.l l if' 4 Ui H g Nl ,gif Hi I s 1 1 Sql 653,11 ,531 1 2 ll W 1 'l inn 'li Hi Ill 'Q is in liil H1 I ,rl W wg' 5556 fi a re-C 9 ' c f T IN. A H 1 ' ' L 1414 ' LICHUNIAN 1 1923 'CN ?'i' .' 4115 rv- vu Ll ' - -,rua TF? g Til-1 W' fi if 7 -9 Q G-L 513 lV.lA'l'THEXV STEEL Professor of Biological Clzemistry B.S., New Mexico College of Agriculture, 1901, M.S., 1902, Ph.D., Columbia, 19085 Assistant, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1907-19085 Instructor, 1908-19l0g Chief Chemist of Research Laboratory of U. S. Dept. of Agriculture and University of Missouri, 1910-1911, Assistant Professor, Medical School of University of Mis- souri, 1911-1912g Assistant Professor L. I. C. H. 1912-19143 Professor of Biological Chemistry, 1914-1923. Member of American Chemical Society, American Society for Advancement of Science, American Society of Biological Chemists, American Federation of Societies for Experimental Biologyg Society of Sigma Xi, Alpha Chi Sigma, QChemicalJ and the Kappa Psi Medical Fraternity. Author of 'laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry, and i'Physical and Colloidal Chemistry for Students of Biology and Medicine, and numerous papers. Page f-zotrizfy--ciylzl

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fy, TW., f .-.-,Q ,ia , .A E-x ,V , .. -qwq-ip:-1feen1vp-f-we-:Ev-F-,.qy-. '-g,',.' .ff -155,1 ga.f.aL36m.frhe..2..ff .1vfc:vf.fbL:.f..:1 Ae.. , nt Y. ,. ,. Y . , Tie A v'1 . 'H1'l E157 ,..-.'f'1::fp:...g:t:. ..gzQ,,.,.s , T..-.f 1 ',...':cax::1e31....i:g'3-.1...., -,T ,, il ll 1 xxx , Q X. F . :Vex Nw 2 I '- in -i 1 'A . - . 1 4 11 17 ,f J Ill X F J- H 'Liz '5 nu nz 1 :mils ', ' F W? g 1 ' 1 1 111111 El 5 'tl ' , , In . A U - I W . I 1 .1 Q gina-5 --We ,QA t - --. 2:-2:5 F25 55.11 ,vmofvfs 'TURY.-Tests on basal metabolism began in Europe about 1894 with .utamvml IS I L C , 1 , 'fn AUM, if L the Zuntz-Gepperts intricate gas-analysis apparatusg and in America ,rw L me about 1905 with Atwater's room calorimeter.. Manjr simplified forms Fl! limi l l of apparatus have recently been developed ID America. llflethods of application have been devised and elucidated. The result of these researches is, that accurate standards are now available to clinicians by which they may judge the normality or abnormality of the basal meta- bolism of their patients. Basal metabolism is the condition of minimal or fundamental exchange, the irreducible minimum of exchange of energy which is characteristic for the individual. It is the minimal activity of the body which maintains the functions of respiration, circulation, and secretion. It may also be considered as the sum total of all the vital activities of the quiet organism in the post-absorptive conditiong i.e., the minimum of maintenance metabolism unaffected by extraneous factors. This may be ex- pressed in terms of heat produced or-of gaseous exchange incidental to heat production -carbondioxide production and oxygen consumption. Using this basal metabolism as a standard, we may then measure definitely the superimposed factorsf, Normalily of Subjects.-The clinician must compare the metabolism of his patient against the basal metabolism of a normal subject. But, one might ask: Wl1at is a normal subject P Strictly speaking there is no such thing, because what is normal to one individual is not normal to another. Yet a person who is in good health and has no abnormal physical characteristic has been generally accepted as meeting the requirements of the case. flcreptezl Basal Illetabolif Standard.-The basal metabolism is always measured after fourteen hours of fasting and twelve hours of repose-and unaffected by physical exertion, or extraneous disturbance. Relationslzip Between Age and Standards.-One would expect age to have a definite bearing on metabolism, and research has proved this to be true. The level of the metabolism varies greatly with age. During the first few days of life it is very low, then rises rapidly during infancy, and reaches its highest level 'between the ages of 2 and 6 years. After this it falls rapidly until about the 18th year when the curve flattens out. Between the ages of 20 and 40 there is comparatively little changeg but after this a slight fall, so that by the 80th year the line is about 10 per cent. below the average for the ages of 20 to 40. There seems to be a stimulation to the basal metabolism during the period of growth. Page Iwerity-nine 7Q'.lr'f V '1 .5 K, ll 1. 1 1' V-1 11? tn 1.3 1 11.1 1 '1 ,111 .111 .fx .11 1r1 1 1 P a. 11RljV1 li .11 . 1 411 11 ,1 1 ,,. 1 11 155111 Y.. 1.1! 1 111 1t.,, ..c. 11:1 1 F V91 111 4 V. I. v. - 111111 1. . 1 ,. .., V . 1.1 1 .,1, 1.11 .14 ,. -v1 Ui 1 X ..1, 1 1,15 111 L ,1 in 'u 1 !11.1. 1 bc' K. P. 1 1 11., .J - 11 51 .J n i 1. 1'1 .1 L v'1 ja, 11 :11 1 1 Li 11 111 1 1 I -4,1 ,ir xfllf- i.l'?:'f1 Wig.-I 'iIi.1f1z?zi, frf' W, jfjl ly I ,1t111..111.1.1 11' 11 l,f,4gif1-pit' . ii, .1-1.s 117, F as .15 H ,311 'S--.1 V C.J.:IJ-- ev 11111151 1 . 1 V