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Page 34 text:
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Page 33 text:
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Alcohol HERE are many different types of alcohol, but most of us are familiar with only two of them, Methyl alcohol Cor wood-alcoholi and Ethyl Cgrain alcoholi. Wood-alcohol, so called because it is made from wood in the manufacture of charcoal, is used for a great variety of things such as anti-freeze for automobiles, as solvents, preservatives, and as fuel. Grain alcohol is the active principle in all liquors and beers: it is used in liniments, tonics and hand-lotions. Pure grain alcohol with brucine added to it is sold as rubbing alcohol: the brucine makes it unfit for internal use. Wood-alcohol is made from the liquor obtained in the distillation of wood for charcoal. From this liquor, acetic acid is also obtained, which is used in making vinegar. Grain alcohol is formed by the fermentation of sugars and starches and is purified also by distillation. Nearly all of the rarer alcohols and ethers are made froin the two common types. Grain alcohol, unlike wood-alcohol, possesses characteristics similar to gasoline, and can be used as a motor fuel. Its price, however, is pro- hibitive and unless some process can be found to lower production costs it will be a long time before it supplants gasoline as a motor fuel. There is no known method as yet which will answer, so the gasoline dealers need not feel worried. It has been recently shown that surplus citrus fruits can be made into wines, but they are not cheap enough to be used for commercial alcohol. -George Barrett, VA. Radio and War URING the Great War, radio was still in its infancy. Short waves had only been used experimentally, and very little was known about their behaviour in space. Since then radio has been eating grape-nuts, or what have you, and in the next war will begboth a powerful ally and a terrible enemy. One of the most important uses of ultra-short waves in the next war will be locating enemy planes and ships. These waves travel in straight lines like light, but unlike light they pierce both fog and smoke. When they are intercepted by a plane, they are reflected to earth. Here they are picked up by recording instruments which im- mediately send out an alarm: sometimes they automatically train anti-aircraft guns on invaders. A city will easily be protected from unheralded enemy aircraft by a barrage of such micro-waves surrounding it. Similarly ships can be detected and accurately located, although they may be fifteen miles out at sea. For purposes of communication each battalian would have its own short-wave set, which would make it possible to keep in touch with head- quarters at all times. Of course the enemy would receive the signals too, but to keep the message secret a special code could be used, or the radio typewriter, or scrambled speech Cspeech in which the sounds have been garbled, and to anyone without the deciphering equipment would sound like unintelligible gibberishl. Perhaps the simplest means of communication would be the directional or radio beam, which can be focused like a searchlight. To me, the most interesting use of short waves is that of remote control. Practically any war machine can be controlled remotely by radio. As the British experts have shown, an air attack could take place with not a single human being in the planes----all controlled by means of a clever electro-mechanical device which will operate only on receiving by radio a pre- arranged signal. A series of mines, planted previously under a bridge, or in any desired loca- tion, could be exploded when the enemy charges over the ground, sending men and guns sky-high. There are, of course, hundreds of uses of radio for war purposes which are kept a profound secret by the countries possessing them. Only the next war will show us what radio has in store for us. fBruce lackson, V A. Hir Conditioning OST of us, l think, are familiar with the meaning of air conditioning, but for those who are not, the defintion given by the Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide follows in part: The term air-conditioning includes the simul- taneous control of temperature, humidity, move- ment of the air. The term is broad enough to embrace whatever other additional factors may be found desirable for maintaining the atmosphere of occupied spaces at a condition best suited to the physiological requirement of the human body. Automatic maintenance of temperature is not only a comfort, but also a saving in fuel and labour. Control of humidity has several advan- tages. When winter air is heated, it becomes relatively dry, and its capacity for moisture increases. Therefore it tends to rob the throat and nasal passages of their protective mucous coating. making us more susceptible to the ailments of the respiratory tract, Moist atmosphere preserves fur- niture, paintings, musical instruments and plants, as well as our health. Also, in the cold season, air containing the correct amount of moisture can be lived in comfortably at lower temperature than can drier air. In summer the effects of excess humidity are well known, so elimination of the tContinued on page 673 33
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Page 35 text:
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The Linguist's Corner' ByChristianIensen vB. tt 1 It THE QUAY AT HAMBURG Die Stadt Hamburg N der Elbe, nur wenige Meilen von der Nordsee, liegt die Stadt Hamburg, die zweitgrosste Stadt Deutschlands und eine der beriihmtesten Hafenstadte der Welt. Der Platz, wo die Stadt jetzt steht, Wurde im neunten lahrhundert von dem Kaiser Karl dem Grossenu gewahlt, um Kauimannern und Han- delsleuten in den Gegenden zu helien. Seitdem ist die kleine Siedlung schnell gewachsen, bis sie nach einigen Iahrhunderten schon eine Stadt von Bedeutung War. Durch Handel Wurde die Stadt reich und die Burger ianden es notig, sich mit einigen anderen deutschen Stadten zu vereinigen, damit sie sich vor anderen Landern und Piraten verteidigen konnten. So wurde der Hanseatische Bund von Stadten gegrundet. Dieser Bund unter- hielt eine Flotte von Kriegsschiiten, Welche gegen die Danen, die Piraten und alle anderen Feinde gebraucht wurde. Mit der Hilfe dieser Flotte Wurde Hamburg noch glucklicher und war bald die reichste Stadt des Bundes. Trotz aller Schwierigkeiten ist Hamburg vor- Wartsgekommen, bis es seine jetzige Stellung erreicht hat. Hamburg ist ietzt eine Stadt der Arbeit und Industrie. Der Hauptpunkt von Inte- resse ist noch immer, wie damals, der Haten. Den ganzen Tag kann man dort Schiife aus allen Landern sehen. Der Schiiibau ist von grosster Bedeutung iiir Hamburg. An fast allen Seiten des Hafens kann man die Werften sehen und den Larm von Maschinen hort man die ganze Zeit. Im Iahre 1842 War fast die ganze Stadt abge- brannt und seitdem sind dort auch mehrere Feuer qewesen. Aus diesem Grunde qibt est viele neue Wohnhausr und Gebdude in Hamburg. Nur in einigen Teilen der Stadt gibt es noch alte und fast verfallene Hauser. Diese werden aber bald verschwinden, um fur neue Hauser Platz zu machen. 34 , In der Mitte der Stadt ist ein kleiner See, die Alster . An den Ufern sieht man viele Kaiiee- hauser und aut dem See sind leine Ruderboote und Segelschitie. An einem Ende der Alster steht des Hathaus, ein sehr schones Gebaude, Welches man oit in Photographien von Hamburg sieht. lm ostlichen Teil der Stadt liegt der Stadt- park , der gebaut wurde um der Bevolkerung einen Erholungsplatz zu geben. Der Park ist in grossem Stile angelegt. Dort hat man Spielplatze, Badeplatze und Ertrischungshallen. Mitten im Stadtpark beiindet sich der hochste Wasserturm Hamburgs. Von diesem Turm hat man einen Wunderbaren Ausblick uber die Stadt und Umgebung. Obleich Hamburg eine Stadt vieler lndustrien ist, werden Schiiiahrt und Handel, die in der Vergangenheit so Wichtig waren, grosse Rollen in der Zukuntt der Stadt spielen. Une Visite Hux Trois Pistoles PRES avoir etudie la langue trangaise a l'ecole, il est extremement interessant de faire visite at nos voisins, les Canadiens-Francais. La jolie petite ville des Trois Pistoles, au bord du Saint-Laurent, est bien typique de cette civilisation qui avait son origine en Normandie. Elle est assez difierente de la notre et pour cette raison nous aimons at etudier leur maniere de vie. La vie de tamille est bien belle. Chaque iamille iorme un cercle complet, -un cercle qui environne tous les ideals, toutes les bonnes qualites, tous les amusements de chaque membre de la iamille irangaise. Les Canadiens-Francais sont plus economes que nous. Comme Madame est habile avec son aiguille! Pour elle c'est assez facile de reiaire les habits de son mari pour ses petits garcons. Surtout, si la famille est grande, on peut econo- miser beaucoup or cet egard. Dans ses moments vides la me-nagere pense aux iours bien iroids qui viennent et elle s'occupe de tricoter des vete- ments de laine pour sa famille. Comme cuisiniere aussi la menagere cana- dienne-francaise montre son habilete. le connais, par exemple, une dame qui servait du potage delicieux at vingt-cinq personnes par jour, mais elel n'allait jamais chez le charcutier pour acheter un os de potage. En automne elle conserve des poulets et des lapins qui remplaceront la viande traiche pendant presque toute l'annee. A une table Canadienne-irancaise on ne se gene jamais et tout le monde mange sans ceremonie. , Avec tout ce qu'il y a de travail, les Cana- diens-Frangais sont les gens les plus habiles et Continued on page 643
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