Kitty Hawk (CVA 63) - Naval Cruise Book

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n- K , 'Y'-8 v is i-N,-Y We - I? K--Q, 3 Y 1 -414 T' -lt, .-,,.,..... J,j LJ '-' . -x lb - 1882: First battle between ironclad warships U.S.S. Monitor and G.S.S. Virginia. The Naval history of the Civil War vividly portrays the employment of sea forces against an enemy economically dependent on shipping. The Confederate States were a consolidated land power possessing many sea and river ports. affording access to world commerce which they vitally needed. War imports were denied them by an effective Union blockade. The spectacular Confederate achievements were accomplish- ed with sboestring resources which were soon expended. 'I'he most famous Naval battle of the war was significant as a preview of things to come. lt has been said that probably no naval conflict in the history of the world attracted so much attention as did the battle between the USS MONITOR and the CSS VIRGINIA lex-USS MERRIMACJ Fighting the first action of its kind in history, ironclads conclusively demonstrated the superiority of metal over wood. The futility of the long and furious cannonade. contrasted with the outstanding victories of the VIRGINIA over unarmored ships such as the CUMBERLAND and the CON- GRESS on the previous day. made the battle a significant step in the development of the warship. The climactic incident that set off the Spanish-American War was the sinking of USS MAINE. in Havana Harbor. Cubs. killing 250 officers and men. It was evident from the first that the war would be primarily naval and would be decided in favor of the nation able to establish control of the seas. Shortly after the war began. a fleet under Commodore George Dewey entered Manila Bay in the Philippines and destroyed the Spanish fleet. It was at the beginning of this battle that Dewey gave his famous order. You may fire when you are ready. Gridley. ln a bold stroke of peaceful strategy. President Theodore Roosevelt sent the Fleet on a world cruise. In late 1907. 16 battleships, with other ships, popularly known as the Great White Fleet. left Hampton Roads. Virginia. visited a number of South American ports. stopped at San Francisco and then set course for Australia and the Orient. arriving at Yokohama in October 1908. The Navy was given the most cordial reception ever accorded a visiting fleet. This dramatic expression of U.S. purpose and power impressed the world. Talk of war disappeared. A powerful Navy gave Roosevelt the opportunity of carrying out his policy of speaking softly and carrying a big stick. Most of the Navy's action in.World War l was performed by cruisers. destroyers and subchssers as they tracked down German submarines and protected convoys. ww. L-1.2 MIN- s are-1-v . 'fb 'L -: --,-,,.ff 5xv,A , -Q Nflx, ,I-f-3311-:l?ff ,Q Q 5- 1898: Commodore George Dewey destroys Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. -

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Mmawv 1'fx!fYqYL-7 'AX X X, INV. Mix? 'N-fs..1-J XLS, 5 'QW A it 1778: Ranger Z-I receives first official salute to new Stars and Stripes. After the Revolutionary War the fortunes of the Navy declined and by 1785 its last ship had been sold. Little remained except fighting traditions. When the new Federal Constitution went into effect in 1789, the War Department was charged with both the Army and the Navy, a burden consisting of only a few htmdred soldiers - and no ships or Marines. The absence of Naval strength soon proved disastrous because Barbary pirates began capturing our merchant ships and imprisoning their crews. In 1794 Congress authorized the building of six frigates to protect our interests. This was the be- ginning and keel of the' modern U.S. Navy under the Constitution. In 1798 the Navy Department was established and Benjamin Stoddert was ap- pointed the first Secretary of the Navy. Our small Navy was expandedg numerous Naval officers were appointed for active duty, and recruiting officers in the principal ports along the Atlantic coast put a drive on for seamen. During the War of 1812 the Navy was outnumbered 40 to 1 by Great Britain. Nevertheless early in the war it fought a series of frigate and sloop-of-war duels that resulted in astounding victories and gained a world reputation for the Navy. These .brilliant frigate victories went far to establish American sovereignty in inter- t' al ffairs and contributed much to the building of traditions in our Navy. na ion a This was an era when fighting slogans were coined. Iames' Lawrence's dying h ink d don't words uttered in the ill-fated CHESAPEAKE, Fight her 'till s e s s an give up the ship, became the battle cry of the Navy. Oliver Hazard Perry carried them to Lake Erie where he hoisted on his ship Inamed in honor of Lawrencel a fl n which was stitched the legend, Don't give up the slup. ag upo During the Battle of Lake Erie, Perry, with four-fifths of his crew dead or wcijunded, t t and his ship, the LAWRENCE, crippled, made his famous passage in an open oa o the NIAGARA. Using a surprise maneuver, he sailed the NIAGARA aggressively thr h the enem 's lines and within 15 miutes the battle was Wong an CXh1b1I.l0I1 oug y of extraordinary acumen and courage. Following his victory came Perry s famous dispatch: We have met the enemy and they are ours. The Navy began the transition from sail to steam during the period betwgeg ttge close of the War of 1812 and the begimiing of the Civil War. It also foun e e Naval Academy in 1844, progresse in navigational information and naval ordnance. d in trade abroad, and made a big breakthrough . .4 , r r RQ 'I . l. fb 2. g . - I 21 . ' 1 fi iii ??f'g,'Ji 'V A' M Q' I ...i .... - g Mt. .1 'jf 1: ab.. L - ' ' 'I ' , 1 t .f -s' a1l fg--..1-+:',55,g-. sf' 1 -fr' .C 'fi-ui!-'fa ' f A -df, jf.-A AY .,,e-......,1'1g,.a r ygaf,-iffstfqzi F fs J A 51- 1-vii-2421 13'-'SP 'fi '?+?+sifrf . ffl - 1.??i'.fi... fp - -1- 5Q1Q11::1.gg1,, si'-aff' I N .. 5 ' 5 T.+-T551--?':'f? :7:-Efivf ..,,,,,,. , V, -- f': ----....-.- ...sf p. .uh 14 gn-P , I ake 'Erie We have met as Qenemyland they are ours 1813: Commodore Perry on L

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,E-rrp 'q Wv. ' P2 fb 'E 4. fi Six? 1907-09: iii---' M Great White Fleet first armada of warships to circumnavigate globe. The most noteworthy technical advance made by the Navy during the period between 1919 and 1941 was the progress in Naval aviation. The NC-4, a large Navy flying boat, made the first transatlantic flight in May 1919, but the aircraft carrier was the principal naval development of this period. In 1922, the first aircraft carrier, USS LANGLEY, was commissioned. In the late 20's, the LEXINGTON and the SARATOGA were commissioned. These were fol- lowed in the 30's by the RANGER, YORKTOWN and ENTERPRISE. Then in 1940-41, WASP and HORNET were added to the fleet. On 7 December 1941, came a treacherous attack on the U.S. Fleet at Pearl Harbor, the Naval Base and airfields in the vicinity. United States losses were heavy, sunk were 6 ships, 4 of them battleshipsg 11 other ships were damaged, dead were 2004 Navymen, 109 Marines and 228 Armyg wounded, 912 Navy, 75 Marines and 360 Army. Five of the ships sunk were raised and repaired. The ARIZONA, which was completely wrecked by a magazine explosion, with a loss of 1102 lives, has been enshrined at Pearl Harbor as a memorial to all servicemen who lost their lives on 7 December 1941. From that point, it was an uphill struggle, but the U.S. Navy began moving forward until victory was finally achieved. The first fruits were tasted five months later at Battle of the CoralxSea and a few weeks of that, at the Battle of Midway. During these difficult years the proud battleships were joined by other instruments of seapower. For the first time in history, fleets used carrier aircraft to attack each other without actuallycoming in sight of one another. The largest battleship afloat, the Iapanese dreadnought YAMATO, perhaps symbolized the coming final defeat of the enemy when she was destroyed by the planes of the U.S. Navy's air arm. The Navy's submarine force, on the other hand, accounted for the destruction of over 'five million tons of .enemy ships in the years of World War II. The island-hopping campaigns, too, gave rise to the superiority of yet another tactic employed during World War II, the use of huge amphibious forces to land troops at an enemy's doorstep. D c . . In this two-ocean war, the U.S. Navy had its hands full. In the Atlantic, it 10111Bd with the British Navy in first containing and then destroying the submarine menace which came close to completely cutting off Europe from America s war production capability -5 ffl g' LL! .ff-fr - fi 1 nyc .ff .412 v i Z liwsggz Q- !f WX IHA lx Q 2 45 Q 'I fair- ' ff X i f '1 fWL Zeer 4 P l Harbor Hawaii 1941 Iapan bombs U S fleet and naval base at ear . . . A I ,I-----..-,.-.. 'N an as 5 ' A g, j U --T- F 1 , . -- lasvfgcrgrfgf-T . X 42 gf' .. ,-. - ffsyf' ,,,-ff-f 1 - ff. , Mi, 3, . ,f- fs . . ,Ie 9 . if ' W A ' an . 41 - 0 1--'T' ' 0 , 1 , , ff n -. f if-, , 1 . ' , ,- - 'Z-AQ? 1. Q - 1 ' . - -ff' V. P '- fri , ef I fr ig.-ff . . v - , , n - - . fzfin- ,M Q-1-1, . u I 4 .,-L ,la-,. -P ,JLG A , r.4,,- ,tg 4 . - A 'Hy ' I 'S ff-ff?-f -4.54512 ' ,139 71 K l Nl' I' I E7 .4 11-V 1 19244527-:Q '41, '.f+ - fy 91-an Z ..f' , .y - - .,,' ,Q- g. -ik.. . -' MP'-04.4 .w ' 4 - IQ ' 51' : -,K ..'. .2 ,- '-' faf sf-1 .-4' ' ' x A ' ! ' . -J - ,. , - A - I .0 1 .I .- . 15 f ...........-, .,, -. . ., v.,, . , Qi.. It -4 . . ' :.-g..,,Al' 'L . Qrjkf f e-1 r .-P' Q at x, 5, 1-. 1' li f tQr.,. 41314--' ' f 4 4 I .' X ll' -1' . -'H A . .6 'LL , M I T 4 4 ly V 1' Kfeffxx l ' . . -f :4ff9Z'5Ba ' 4-4 ' 311561. ' ' -'i'f??-fz-1.55523 i'- .' f 7 1 ' -' 1 ,yi -- . 1 -llu- 'd-n-'j:',.. 4- Ny.. I .- n 1, -' I X I , C. ,-2.22,-f F ' I I If 'A' 1-5:71, '14, S I ' K - . . f I- - -- ' '- .-: - - - I I 4? f jf: - .441 '. f 1- .ff - .. rue' il I 4 : s 1 . , - 1 ,. - ' 'r ...- M fr . 5 H .l