Jefferson Medical College - Clinic Yearbook (Philadelphia, PA)

Text from Pages 1 - 228 of the 1946 volume:

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O'CONNEI..I...Bus iness Manager ' ' K from the fields of our nation's mighty battles. Although a simple one, we hope that it is still a worthy contribution. It is a story of study in the gloom and shadow of total war, study and practice to soothe and heal the wounds wrought hy man upon man. x In the summer of 1942, when many of Tgbutttt Reds Beat Off Nazi Attack 1. Ligirmgji Pam. ummm rmty fa zfmi qmwmi ls nm... ,Pu1un'ALsHI'.11en in 1-B Wffbul' . I 3 xl' rt I llyslt:-U it Xl' - -'Z'- g i ,iv if 9jf K ff rxxxxssxitfgxh AXIS Bxock , - .-11--X Huw mth X to , 'Q Hutt , xWUtt'utttttxX I-Mm,,.5'texxi1: 'tx R xi ' ...xxxwttt um tt ml X PHILAD i 1 rx N- E : PI' wx I i ' C Uf7l0n A . Af Qfe N Xfer ,Q 95 fo . ' IALEEIA TORS bzsggnsfuerl' W The fateful, fighting years of nineteen X PEAQEESI TQ 4-Wgflml-SEREDXR hundred and forty-two to nineteen hun- I- ' j M 0 dred and forty-six will he chronicled by many hands. Our accounting will not Vpnt . pV Q p'4-' H IIAU I Mj-5ffeigifsnggft-Egfxjjiggjljjj- reach history's archives.-it is removed lR0 i el Repulsed in I 0 ,x us came to Jefferson for the first time, the frontiers of freedom were pushed back hy the forces of evil . . . to El Alamein, to Statingrad, to Guadalcanal. Free men fought against terrible odds, victory lay in the dim, unforeseeahle future . . . ci-H, itA.' f tUVEHHULllltYMi 'A r - , e . . saw--fee fA:'f n',WvM'v M , r it i t iitabetgfttit my M12 :tt X v:isf e- -'f an A lxtl E -4AV.' 3 yr --,. , , M mu ..-,iw V U 09,9 .W t ' A ' ' U S. C0uX'uQ,0AuCt10 r',,,,....-my . . Shortage Stax Htgha ation Igf Lony'Rangf Y Khiwm Fighters Wa ' , xammxmm 5 3. A .', : :L-1? ::..1'-15:12-5 txttttttvdwm . waxxstiy' if .,., u I ' - 45 , c ,,. X--fxel, W 1 , ,' Um- .- -1 Q . . . . ffwiftfui ...army at .. ITL-51,., U , .ntmuim mm:u5,,mn , I I N: 1.4. 44 kg. .H I4 L V . - lllrnggmm R i ...s. 1 we r Umm 1 he L ,NI I n ,E F n 1,.,.,:::,, -Ljyl W -. , x , M-n . I . 'mf' f -i 2 1111011 N - I' f' - 1 -. Bfflin Um azlsv 1':i1:'f?' -'if 1- 535 134-f , . v, . Cmuingaf f Hsiffgyirrfi I S F 1 NX WGHT E! gm SUBQHER- 1 H1111 anal EEEWS vi Pixexanani xx. RECORD 01 0lll0Ms'f Afblyfqflbn e VOfe Mmm SUBUSBAINIQA Seq 0 ay: ff ' 4. H Cavcasus -,,.,-,, ,.1f'EHinm., gi, r I ' , rf- 13 X ' Q ix 1'y?,q?xEfg5, s Y 1 xi ir W 6 S '9-71' -- S g S ,- , ' - fi-3 E S , ' s fu I.- V., , 5 I A .S IP ,fl Such was 'Phe backdrop of our firsi' siglrl' of Jefferson E G, all J. I 1 S A ,1 l I w -V X Q n w 1 , X w X 'Nw' X fx-K, - -. 1 1 , x , f I , Q ,SVS V X .3 - 'VM' 'G'--'7t.' w ,I ww. KA ,.,:,,t.:-1. -v wnn M, , .1--TV, -. f.. w. ' 1111. ,.H, 1. 'C 1:25 ,Tgl ,flu f 4 -5.-.53ifg4?,L,1 ,ph -15 -. Y. . 1' 2 ?'v',5'-ii? fn' H1 A3 W 3j,,,,A -mu,-: ' mm U ' , Q- X. 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JL... 1y,s.m+Lav4Lv1 mu 11,16 .mnml-ram wglfmm.-111.w.v.a.w i:m1.1Lguu.am3 EE Lec?uLirJ.Lews miilmngjlkzgllii agxuulaik -Lim 13em1ru1fuie1iimmliiddiza- Usfnlfpjgm HQ: ibgagiffgi? mg my 41219 giirbfmggfyjgu :QW dqygqi Jiyaggy, rivffmlzff ami? s+1JEv6Tf6iw1aiF:? Uffivllimiefaily MTEJU ffffgf .f-..QfsmiWr,5' Qfm' ypwiwi foil Wim fjilii? mmxihfs. i7IE:i.lsafEE3Hn Aqlmciavinaiim fir li?i'wLf!,UaZ1?n, Liiwmjm Q31fg'nf5gmy1qn1gQI Jygnagggnkvigqygq V ,X-!YA,,.-,.,,!4'H x-Y-,,,f-4H2k.-.., f. ,, ' 7 1 W 1 . 'S--9 ' i. M . 4.. . ,S . Y f Nx.,2 xy-x,,..f...,-fm -' 3 +..i,.f-i.. 1 if io: . Q' X X 14 u -'f ,DJ 1 U 1.:.t7Q 51E1Qf2QiiK9?fl IES gi . . : A ' f f . - If- ' ' J, f . ' A., c- 1 'I 1 'U' W 5251411 ,..,v af? 'ddli a C K i A nd: 4 N 4 P fl. . Few teachers have brought to the dissecting room the cameraderie and zest for productive effort as Dr. Michels. These admirable at- trihutes and mastery of his subject led to the unanimous.choice of Dr. Michels as dedicatee. In March, 1929, he established his first con- tact with Jefferson Medical College when he met Dr. J. Parsons Schaeffer at the 45th ses- sion ol the American Association of Anatomists held at Rochester University. impressed with the high-mindedness, scholarly attitude and gentleman-like character of Dr. Schaeffer, he accepted his invitation to come to Jefferson and was appointed Associate Professor of Anatomy in 1929. Dr. Michels received his M.A. degree in 1918 at the University of Minnesota. Dr. Downey sponsored his major fhematologyl and Dr, Lee of the Medical School .sponsored his minor fmicroscopic techniquej. Further study carried him to Louvain University, Belgium, where he was awarded maxima cum laude the doctorate degree fDocteur en Sciences Naturellesl in 1922. From Louvain Dr. Michels went to Siena University, Italy. Here with Dr. Ferrata he in- vestigated-prehepatic embryonic blood forma- tion and with him showed the hemohistiohlast to he the most primitive type of circulating blood cell. At the time of his coming to Jeffer- son Dr. Michels was American Editor of Fer- rata's blood journal Haematologica. In his extensive travels in Europe Dr. Michels visited twenty universities and for a time at- tended the University ol Paris. Upon returning to the U. S. A. he worlced with Dr. Maximow at the University of Chi- cago on tissue cultures, in particular the ex- plants of lzrlood cells. Leaving Chicago, Dr. Michels went to N. Y. U. and the Bellevue Hospital Medical School. Here with Dr. Globus, prominent neuropathologist of Mt. Sinai Hospital, round cell intiltrations in dis- eases of the central-nervous system were jointly studied. In 1926, Dr. Michels was appointed As- sistant Professor of Biology and Histology at St. Louis University Medical School. He is the author of Section IV tlVlast Cells, of Dr. Downey's Handbook of Hematology. His contributions to hematological literature are many. Since 1956, Dr. Michels has been studying the variations in the arterial hlood supply of the supramesocolic organs. At the present he is preparing a large monogra h on the varia- tions of the blood supply oil the liver, gall bladder, stomach, duodenum, and pancreas. C TC- in Psprii, 1945, tire United Nations wer surgent on an tronts , . . the campaigns wtxictx were destined to drive time Axis inexorabiv to cieteat were begun, but time road to victory was iong and bitter. Against the backdrop ot tiiis titanic struggie, we returned to Jetierson to begin our studies. it was irnpossiiaie tor us to cietacii ourseives corn- pieteiy trorn time worici around us . . . our own troubies and worries were ciwaried in tide broad perspective. On not a tew occasions concentra- tion on studies was irnpossitaie, and many ot us iongeci to take a more active rote in tire worid coniiict . . . but we came to reaiize, tinaiiy. that were making our most vaiuaioie contribution e at Jetierson, iearning the art ot iieaiing. he! il ,. 45? -.48 ' 4 fi TWX, 'lifs'I' Vregis l'rq'l'io,n line, qi file desAk. of the indefuiigable Mr. Sharm ROBERT P. HOOPER, President of the Board of Trustees. A man of vision, whose love and admira- tion of Jefferson are as far-reaclr ing as his plans for a greater Jef- ferson of tomorrow. BOARD OF TRUSTEES ROBERT P. HOOPER, President FRANKLIN S. EDMONDS, Secretary Joseph Lees Eastwiclc Horace P. Liversidge Van HOFH Ely. Jr. Lessmg J. Rosenwald Col. Brandon Barringer Perflival E. Foerderer Thomas D. M. Cardeza Wm. Potter Wear J. Howard Pew JOSEPH O. CRIDER, NLD., As- sistant Dean and Associate Pro- fessor of Physiology, whose un- obtrusive thoroughness has been a Jefferson bulwarlc and whose clear presentation has clarified many of our problems in physiol- Ogy. L. f QQ? Wgfff 1 s ,. in 'S .LEM 1' 'F v K.. .. . - e mx a..-f - s fi x 5-' f,f-i-'grip U- n 1 I. X I 1 Q, N X I -1 X .- ,- -W' 'iv' i L 1- -.- , . -.- f' 2. -s 4?-P-' 1 ' 7 A li A ' L . ' ' 7' . ' N ,' '-.:2f: I -F 'J 1.3 Sl- ' e ' 1 .---',. -.3 . . ' A fr I - L pN , -,Lf e .: . .ff - . , . a i.Q,ge' .-- . xg? s i. IWSQ AV ,I qw. fs, W8 iii' ., we gi but .7 QMM fu 1 I kr, 5 J' 1 . f ' ffl-A ' , 1 A N Y: I -. N m 1' I X ' ,1 f 1' X if M 5 I ' I9 X , ,- S-4., 4 ' ,C ' 5' X ' X A - ,' 'ff N 1 '1 J. : .. '-q-' I N f Xe? , wif, U1 Q' ff , 35-. 'N ' i5 ',i3 ,' 4 'V 'ff' pa ii X ,f 1 .1 J f ' N ' - ' 1 '.' .3 4 T -. Rx' .,' ,. -f. N- M' .5 xv ' P f 'KK' fx 'Z' 'Qt' 'gf w fx v 1 Nj 1 v 17 f 9' j. 1 ,. .. 1 K X, f Q ' . K .- X ,I nf 1 X P um X i - 1 - f , f . X ,I v Q A . X X 4 , W f 5 . ' f 1 1 ' 'sx I N7 X 1,, X P ' I J, K .. an .1 MX l XX I Wa , 3 xx., Q-3 M mi. , -- --r .X - ' v '-.5 ' ' ' '-' ' 1-' . . - .1-' ,ff 5 t 'gy s ' 4 '- .. A- X 1- --gr A15 'y lf ., gy ., J. . f K , 5 ,4 g.. 4,- -. ., . 1-.4-' -A 4 ' ' , , .. - E af, at 'T ' - f ilk' f t . 1 t 1 , A. 'wtf' J ml - ' -' yy- - -' - -V-,Af ' 1' ' ' 4:3 ff' ' Hg-11 I L., ,F-SL-Q., 1,1 1: wk- 3 ies -LA ' -I, X '11 , . N, ..- . if 1 t n ,f . Q x f .Q I ' ,A :-' I ...,. iii , f 4 4 gf. - -. , , i- is if 0 X - r . f ' -an Q ff? I ' K J +5 F' I-., ff.-'va f' X X '--. . X ,,v f ' ins . K X sr N ' -- 5 .ir f . ' A. ,. . ,. . ,Q . ,H .-4-...JS M. ' 115, ,j . ,, 'E A ' -- ix' .x ,W 'gp V .f , h .' -1. X 1 , .gif 1 ., N , xy 'I gs' - ' 5' at 7 V l .A-if V Ek. fa: jx A , 3.1 .I 4 W 1451 T- :- 7-3 ' . . TA V a 1 s -341 . 1 ' 4 . 5 ' . S-T: '11 71 'f1 ?i 0W. A ,QE t K 1, .V My W - xx -- . Q' ' f:. , -we e If f A X .in f Ry,-, x F2 if 'W , K A X . EMERITUS PROFESSORS These are tI1eemen'wI1o contri-Ioutecf much to the classical background of Jefferson. Unyie.Iding time Wiithdraws them from the teaching' halls, yet their fundamental .principles in medicine and surgery Iremain to guide their successors. To them, We of '46 owe a debt yet unpaid. r 4 I ! I I ! Before opening our books. we became acqualnfed wail: 'Hue environs of Jefferson TW Iq- , 4. F1 I J' ' Q, . YN. rv: 0 0 Aw. - 74 .rw sz- , A,W, If ,- .lif',Q,' .gil I I. xx, -1. 4 o 4 I . , ,- 1 1 ',,,...4 6 fr :if -if:-1 ' ' ,I V H--9' z'! ly,.'--- gk' g ,. A , Y....,.x LIBRARY At llirsl ixwm-cl by ills- greznl products ol' Illvllifill Lnoxvlvclgf- corltznirxf-cl in lfw Snrnlu-I Parsons Scrotl fxlvrnorinl l.i- lmmry, and lmvwilclvrvcl by ilu- muhi- ludinous volunws :mal inclirvs, we' soon Il-It ul ilUH1f', thanks to our nffulmlv lilmruriam, Nlr. Joseph J. VX7iIson, ami his capulwlc: nssiskamls, fxlrs. iluriorie- Irniz nml fxliss fwarion Fri-iz. I ,.,-,N . Z'-sxn .,..,- 41 vi rn . X r U,--, I X A?- ,, .,.-gfzj,-Q. , Q,-:png E X L X ' 1' 'w in ' ' , ,X ' V . ww' : f F71-X '+I r'?X ' 11 5' ff: Xi, X 'gr-if r fX W '4-. ,H . . , Xa. . .r- In ,Q ' Linn. if ' Wgfgih -X: a 41 1 2 fx P,. X A 5 . , f2Xi5g.1-?- vX,gj1,r:..x'- ...XM L , -X 3'4 -'1 W' ,Q ,,., X X, , 'ff yu X 3 ' ' X ' 03- ' A X -A . ml 4 . - X . ,, , F. X .-Wx , ,har XM: V X ' 'PQQQ5 Q gf X.-Xu a-:IH X , cb, -z -, ,X O C- 'ETC' 1 u U ' X X 1 XX, 'Yf W V Xl .-IX1'f1'fTWXf+f,2ff . Q--f-m,Q-xi -- V-'if'+-F- X ' fm' 'RX 1 X We began with a hox of bones uncler one arm and Morris' Anatomy under the other. Advice from sophomores was plentiful, but there were as many conflicting stories as there were sophomores. We clictn't know which way to turn, and we were frankly scarect. Those first days we studiect with a feverish energy which eventually ctiecl down, never to he rekindled. Far into the night we pondered the gentle mysteries of the first rih, the typical thoracic verte- bra, and the carpus. Dr. Bancroft intonecl solemn asser- tions on our ignorance: we ctiC1n't have to he tolcl. We slinlced around like whipped clogs. Thus, with proper humility, we commenced the study of medicine. . . . withal, we could not forget the momentous events occurring in other ports of the world ' wan, V if f wi' V W 5 . ' Wi 4: . , ,af , xnnpynf' 1 'inf ' ANATOMY Anatomy--one of the foundations of rational medical practice, is to the novice a critical test of his stamina. The career of the embryo anatomist has a somher beginning. Almost 'at once he is intro- duced to a cadaver, with which he will spend a considerable portion of his life during his freshman year. At First the relationship is strained hut eventually this weird companion- ship hecomes more tolerable: indeed during pre-examination season, there are additional visits to the lahoratory, after and before class. Even the sleeping hours do not dissolve this companionship, for at night the weary femora, humeri, et al., recline heneath the hed of the ardent young Galenic disciple. Dr. Schaeffer, prominent in his field and edi- tor of Morris' Human Anatomy, was indis- pensahle. That this was the students' regard for hiin is attested hy his now firmly established cognomen, Great White Father . His pos- session oi the proper proportions of genuine human interest and objective scientific spirit has won him his pupils' respect and aiiection. Dr. Bennett gave zest to his oral quizzing. Dr. Michels, with his ultra-blunt dissection. was the envy of all 'impulsive would-he surgeons. Then there were those colorful lectures and those early morning hours spent studying the microscopic appearance of different tissues un- der the firm hut friendly guidance of Drs. Ramsay and Bates. The anatomy of the nervous system was un- dertaken in the second year, after a respectahle interval for recovery. With the enthusiasm and abilities of Dr. Schaeffer and Dr. Benjamin Lipshutz, an otherwise impossible maze of anatomical confusion hecame clear. This knowledge blossomed forth in senior neurology, giving us insight into a group of diseases. The junior year saw a much needed light shed upon an already familiar subject from a most practical angle.,Dr. Bonney and Dr. Decarlo are responsible for the excellent clini- cal correlations to anatomy that were empha- sized in this course. Recourse to lectures and five weelcs of dissection in applied anatomy were afforded. Such was the character of our pre-clinical training at D. B. il Exhaustive and time-con- suming7 Yes, hut eminently practical hecause it gave us a foundation without which future medical education would he merely an evanes- cent edifice in air. W1 -91.- ,f , I . Hx! ----.1 ,f 51, 'Y :Q . vm ws ,w 'I' .IM 1-X., ,N 1'-V L , 8 I V shi.. , 'T-ll, I' 4 ww ..-'ly , .' -..-q.. w, ,X F? M 1' 'X 1 X 'n . :V -I , Xa Y ,V -,y 1N, ., V -,,, V: I Y X V '57 , :- 1 , .I - N , . , Y , ,Y A Y , . u ', . . 1 . Q - V- L Y . - ,vu Y ' .. 5 61 ,if - X ' X .., 1..,x, . -v. 'M -xi-Q-' .':.q,. BACTERIOLOGY When as freshmen we entered the spacious auditorium for the opening lecture of the course in hacteriology, little did we realizelthat we would he the last group ol' medical students fortunate enough to he trained hy a physician with fifty years' experience in practicing and teaching the art. For, shortly after we became sophomores we were all deeply grieved 'to hear that Dr. Randle C. Rosenherger. Professor of Bacteriology, had been striclcen down hy a dis- ease of unlmown etiology, myelogenous leu- lcemia. To say that we were taught hacteriology hy Dr. Rosenherger and his able colleagues, Doc- tors Kreidler, Blundell and Meranze would be a masterpiece of understatement. Under their vigilant guidance we were introduced to such famous personalities as Streptococcus, and his brother Staphylococcus, to their first cousins Gonococcus and Pneumococcus, to their friends the Bacilli family, and even their distant rela- tives the Spirochaetes, Parasites and Riclcet- tsiae. Agar slants and Petri dishes became as familiar as salt and pepper, the techniques of many stains were practiced, memorized for the examinations and soon 'forgotten again: the morphology of the diplococci and Neisseria were' ground deeply into our cerebral cortex: parasites and viruses were convicted of mass murders, and before it was all over not a few of us were convinced that we had learned some- thing in the way of etiology. We were given an excellent series of lectures and when our final practical and written examinations rolled around we were all convinced that we had been schooled in hacteriology as well as any group of medical students anywhere. We have missed Dr. Rosenhergefs familiar encouraging remarlcs during our clinical years. hut we lmow that the hacteriology department under Dr. Kreidler, his close friend and associ- ate, has continued to uphold the high standards of teaching and efliciency which he as Professor demanded of everyone associated with it. Who lmows, mayhe some day in the not too distant future one of the memhers of this class may stumble upon the etiology of leukemia. Tai H T? ...Al ' 'l' E w-- fi, .f,..f:a' 1 r-. ,'. A l w, W-1-rf' 1 ,un , 'ak 'mf' ,,. '2r, CHEMISTRY, With the retirement of Dr. George Russell Bancroft in June, 1945, a chapter in the history of chemistry at Jefferson came to an end. The encyclopedic course in Physiological Chemistry. with liberal portions of etymology, hotany, mineralogy, animal hushandry, and meta- physics hecarne a memory.. ' We recall Dr. Bancroft as a man of inex- haustihle energy, great personal integrity, and deep sincerity. His lmowledge of matters animal and vegetable and mineral was vast, and his storehouse ot facts bottomless. As we loolc laaclc, with as much detachment as is possihle, upon the course in chemistry, we discover that we memorized an unhelievahle numloer of complex formulae, and thereupon quiclcly forgot most of them. Our concepts of chemistry are inextrica- bly entwined with the Venus Hy-trap, the Dalmatian coach-hound, whale millc, and the tinlcle of glassware. Faint memories of a ter- rihle morning spent chewing paraffin and ana- lyzing the saliva- thereby-generated appear he- fore us. Friday afternoons matting up haclc worlc in a lonely laboratory.. Our first introduc- tion to the business end of the Rehfuss tuhe. Three hoards full of minute discourse, lantern slides and mimeographed sheets to hoot. Two sheets of paper, yellow, folded down the middle, name and numher on the outside. Those in- ternal huretsl Sheaves of needles and fuzzy hurrs. lvlinlcowslci and Casimir Funlc, hormones and chalones. Logarithms. These and dozens of other pictures come to mind. But, all in all, we learned our chemistry, really learned it, albeit the hard way. Dr. Bancroft was succeeded hy Dr. Abraham Cantarow, who had heen associated with Jef- ferson Medical College and its Hospital for twenty years. At the time of his appointment to the chair of chemistry, he was associate pro- fessor of medicine, and hiochemist to the Jeffer- son Hospital. Under Dr. Cantarow a new de- partment of chemistry, different in many ways from the old, is talcing shape. Dr. Cantarow hrings to the department ot chemistry a broad haclcground of teaching and practice in clinical medicine, as well as wide experience in the laboratory hoth as teacher and investigator. He is uniquely fitted hy this haclcground to present the subject of chemistry to the student in its true relationship to medicineas a whole. The spirit ol investigation, so conspicuously alznsent in recent years, has been revived. The prospect of a department of chemistry unsurpassed hy any medical school in the country seems very bright indeed. i v A VM! ,pw gbm UF' 5 1 ! I H:- B i . F ,4.' 4 4 1 'f'- 1.-Q J . ,.. Y . , P L UI ' X s 'Q' QI' I 1 .1 ' :lv 4 , ! 1 ,ll if 1 s,. 'S gusdfqi-1 l :dl i '. ' 'ffm' 5 -1 U . 1 e ii 5 Q 1511 f QT JT ' wil- J1.-f'.1 - ff ' 'qu-.lf'5 , , A,-,.1I.AA, Lug, ., .V ,.f. . KPHYSIOL6GY We, as sopimomore students recently released from time ravages of our freslmman year, slmall never forget tlmat first clay in time laboratory of physiology on time tourtlm lloor. We entered tlmis domain of lcnowledge on tlmis particular day wlmerein we were to learn tlme plienomena as- sociated witlm life and clmaracterized by tlme ability to assimilate food, to respire, to metabo- lize, to elimiimate, and to reproduce. Tbere We found our seats by some aritlmmetical equation. were banded a boolc of laboratory directions and told to proceed. Some of us had never pitlmed a frog before: most of us lmad never correctly smoked a drum before: all of us had never be- fore been permeated by a spirit for experimenta- tion on living animals. We sat tlmere dazed for a few minutes notnlcnowing wlmat to do or lmow to do it. We were puzzled by time mystic indifference of time men of time department. But soon a few brave souls ventured out to do time worlc assigned and started time ball rolling: and witlm eaclm roll of time ball, tlmere was a gain in' momentum so tlmat by time end of tlmat semester, we imad gained invaluable knowledge of tlmose little timings wlmiclm malce us go. We timen realized tlmat wlmat we tlmougimt was unconcem- edness on time part of our teaclmers was actually an attempt to inculcate witlmin us an exemplifi- cation of tlme experimental attitude. Our laboratory sessions, directed by Dr. Crider, were tlmree in number, two of wlmiclm were conducted by the students tlmemselves, and time otlmer by members of tlme staff. In tlme after- noon we had excellent lectures in plmysiology delivered by our unassuming yet versatile pro- fessor, Dr. J. Earl Tlmomas. On various occa- sions, Dr. Pasclmlcis, Dr. Friedman. and Dr. Hart would talce over and deliver lectures on subjects most dear to tlmeir lmearts. Tlmen, of course, ,tlmere were tlmose weelcly lectures given by timat juggler of time blood cells, Dr. Tuttle fsince retiredl, wlmose distinguislming clmar- acteristics of personality and ambidexterity will always remain with us. Rounding out time pro- gram, timere were tliose weelcly recitation lmours witlm various members of time staff. lTlmus did we obtain an important linlc in our clmain of medical education. If-fl 'S fi' , ' -e V Wvwi Q umm!! 4' -1-'Maw J' 'un Q ,b xgiifv' .ww ,Alfi PATHOLOGY Gentlemen ,-'for that was always how our unpretentious, yet steadfast, Professor of Pathol- ogy, Dr. Virgil H. Moon. addressed us- Gentlemen, you are now sophomores, and as such, you must lcnow the subject of pathology: for as Sir William Osler said, 'As is our pathology, so'is our practice, Thus were we introduced to a new field of study and a new teacher: and soon after, both in our sophomore and our junior years, we learned through hard and tedious worlc in an efficient and orderly manner the full import of the ahove quotation. During the lecture periods in our sophomore year, Dr.'lVloon acquainted us with the morpho- logical evidence and manifestations of the pro- cess of a disease, its gross and microscopic char- acteristics, and its cause and effect especially upon function: and he tried to show us how disease is an abnormality of structure, function, or hoth.'Further, it was his special delight to give short and impromptu quizzes so.that we might get practice in answering questions not only adequately but also concisely and to the point. The laboratory during the same year was under the direction of Drs. Stasney, McGrew, and Scaricaciottoli. How well we remember those famous words of Dr. Stasney- Tait another lulcgu or those classical descriptions of microscopic slides-from necrosis to misplaced chromosomes'-of Dr. lVlcGrew in his own in- imitable ways: or those silent hints and aids given to us by Dr. Scaricaciottoli both in the laboratory and recitation rooms. Further, we attended various autopsies, and had special practical examinations on pathological speci- mens, and hecame acquainted with neuro- pathology under the direction of members of Dr. Alpers' staff. Since our time, Dr. Mc- Grew has left Jefferson: and a new course in surgical pathology has been added to the sophomore year. The course in our junior year consisted only of lectures in organ pathology presented by Dr. Stasney and afforded us an excellent re- view and broader concept of our sophomore pathology. Further, these dissertations were spiced hy journeys to P.G.H., and high-lighted hy the Chief on discussions in a subject dear to him and us alilce-nshoclc and Related Capil- lary Phenomena. Thus was another roclc in the foundation of Medicine laid next to those of Anatomy, Physi- ology, Chemistry, Bacteriology and Pharmacol- ogy. mime.- L fN 13:9 '-ffxr-:--Q1 '-1-4 f , 1: ' ' KHL J.. 1 7,1-.. O 1 If Sf- ,, ,1-y'111tj1 fff'?5fT5wf7i' Y v. --7.4 ,Y 3,-,,+9,f--:V . .,:f: ll , his-5.,,,,,,,w, X . wg-T--Q-N 1- ,J F I A34 pi ' Y x 1 r .,N PHARMACOLOGY We didn't fully appreciate our course in Pharmacology while we were talcing it. We lived in perpetual fear of the day when Dr. Gruber would hurst into the lecture room with a broad grin on his face -and a paclcage ol' hlue hooks under his arm. We despaired of retain- ing one-tenth ol his rapid-fire lectures. We couldn't find VVharton's duct, let alone put a canula in it. We struggled with prescription Latin to no avail. The terrors of the apothecary's system and that endless list of doses haunted us. Periodic quiz sessions with Dr. Gruber did absolutely nothing to restore our equanimity and peace of mind. ln a word, we were less than completely happy. 'But with the objectivity which comes with the passage ol time, we can loolc haclc and assay the worlc in the Department ol' Pharmacology in its true light. In a considered appraisal, many facts emerge which were not formerly apparent. The essence of the course was a systematic in- ' vestigation into the origin. nature. action. and dangers of a vast numher of drugs. Dr. Gruber, himself an experimental scientist of first ranlc, presented the wide array of material, being careful that no statement was not firmly sup- ported hy experimental evidence. He cited chap- ter and verse, and, when worlcers disagreed, gave looth aspects of the prohlem. 'Uris rigorous training was to prove invaluable to us in our later study of medicine. When mystic claims for the efficacy of this drug or that were pro- nounced, supported hy vague clinical experi- ence, we were able to loolc on with polite slcepticism. Our firm grounding in pharmacology admirably equipped us to practice rational therapeutics. Mornings in the Pharmacology Laboratory were among the most rewarding hours of our preclinical years. The experiments were cleverly devised and carefully planned, and generally worlced out successfully, even in our inexpert hands. Dr. Ross Hart's well-lmit lectures on anesthetics proved an excellent introduction to an important subject. As for toxicology, we de- rived the general idea that A hlurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the symp- toms of poisoning by practically anything, hut we'll never forget to give picrotoxin one milli- gram per minute until recovery or facial twitch- ing, for harhiturate poisoning. ' i R 'C' H 'Kl' 1 Weir In September, 1944, with lhose difficult preclinical years behind us and examinations passed, we paused for a hrief vacation from study. Then we realized the great changes that had come about since that first trip to D. B. 1. The second front was now an overwhelming reality, and victory in Europe seemed close at hand. Little did we realize the terrible cost yet to he paidin the Belgian hulge. Our men in the Pacific moved inexorably on. For us, the intensive fundamental studies were over. ' we moved on 'l'o the clinical years, 4..,,,.,. 9 A-'4 --T flaw? fairs if- ' 'fx -f .., 4s 'iQ tt Q +1-. 1 ' 2' 7 f ' 1+ 1 ' Q33 F 'if L1 1 y s-.. x . 1 A+ lz 5 gf, . , A ' .'w .I , I .' ov- :iv ' A3 . V Q 'Qg, a ff J .L ' 'T M ivy- A1 ' ' 1 1 - - I7 ' ' .1 A, 3 ' V' , A x. , l ' al? xg: sh, 1 l s - ' -1'r f:TfT ?.':jvfi,THg'1li'w -' - I 114sssA g5i'pyLa-.2 1f?Q1' ' 4 :'?'Hfr:faf fi l?2', -,':...u' fr- l'f- A ' 4 ' 171451 1.-:Lf sg? -rdxffygi V rife , .ru r f I' ' gr 4,93 9 ..:-1 ..-.n , v,,'- . 4. Ui-5.1 v :Q . , 2, 1fm , 1- 5?. ' . 1 I I js? ,-wifi Q39 , ff-R' , ..-K' r- x was .,1r,., .c Ax ff -1- ,-fm? my . ., , Ar. '-V'1'vj.4g mf, 4 --.-f ', 7, v,'1'Ti'w.'v, w - , - 1 L--A, .,, -. .HM 5.1, -- .--:fl 'rpg-If ' , .14 ' U UQS, . f' 4 ' J' -wg-' ,i.11mL3.Q,rf V 4 -4413254 53' , . f -1 41' 1 'N ' .45 . H f ' I ,M T, :A- , 1 ' '-1, I dh . Ia X -151'--X, I I I ' 'pf' J, f ggifngi-ye:-Q 4 29 'pw A . , , 7' -' I f dliyi' ' . -S--v-'-'-S--. Aff ,,, , . ,. ... K ,, .. k71?f ' ' '. - f w mu. A 4 V . 5 X vvt-.7 , X , , ,1 , 7 Vx! , ,, - . . , y . . L J' !nr.,.,--. .. 7 XXI gf' 40' ' , .if MEDICINE Our course in medicine was one ol extraordinary breadth and compass. One extreme was Dr. Erbs learned dissertation on the complexities of nuclear physics: on the other, Jalce's literal demonstration of the technique of the soap-suds enema. Between'-them lay a vast potpourri of clinics, laboratories, lec- tures, and clerlcships-the heart of our medical training at Jefferson. - We were initiated into the mysteries of medicine back in the dim shadows of sophomore year. The diagnosis ol disease was approached from two points of view. Dr. Robert Charr introduced us to the patient, and we practiced the ancient art of physical diagnosis. We came to realize that the physician's five senses still formed the cornerstone of his diagnostic arma- mentarium. Dr. Abraham Cantarow's course in laboratory diag- nosis revealed the other side of the picture. Here disease was viewed as pathologic physiology and we studied its manifesta- tions in the secretions, excretions, and body fluids of the patient. Then came junior year, and the opportunity to put the principles we had learned to a trial. As we worked on the wards of the Jefferson Hospital, the realization grew that there was a world of difference between the textboolc and reality. We came to understand that the practice of medicine consists not of the treatment of disease per se, but of siclc people. Dr. Rei- mann proved -to be a stern and uncompromising taslcmaster. We grumbled a bit, at first, but we soon came to realize that his insistence upon correctness in speech was just one expression of his whole philosophy of exactness and precision of thought, word, and deed. Any habits of loose thinking were quiclcly and permanently eradicated. During this year we tool: a superbly organized course deal- ing with the parasitic diseases, under Dr. William Sawitz. Many .of us considered it a model for the teaching of medicine. Instead of the customary description and dogmatism, the subject was treated in a fashion that emphasized the application of logical and scientific principles. Dr. Karl Paschlcis gave us a glimpse of a vast, new, fascinating field, filled with unsolved problems and much hope for the future,-endocrinology. . The problem of the correlation of the mass of material we had accumulated remained for the final year. ln the medical out- patient department we were faced with the enigma of the chronically ill patient. We were chagrined to discover that many of them lay beyond the helpof rigorous scientific medicine. We cautiously probed an old field .with a new name'-fpsycho- somatic medicine. Dr. Martin Rehfuss' omnibus course in thera- peutics equipped us to deal with every problem from hiccup to hemorrhoids. We ventured afield to the wards of the Penn- sylvania Hospital and the Philadelphia General Hospital. And in the end we emerged, fully cognizant of the limita- tions of our lcnowledge, but with the realization that our train- ing equalled the finest obtainable. .1 ...TG c li ll Af J l 2 no lf qvqot ,I . , PP' 'F 546' 'Vina IQQ 1 , . ' ri tails SURGERY Surgery, as we lcnow it toclay. represents a specialtylof refined diagnostic methods and ra- tional supportive therapy in addition to the mere mechanics of operation: finally. good judgment must he at the base of all these factors. Dr. Shallow's clinics afford the neophyte an opportunity to cultivate these precepts under the direction of a renowned ancl capable surgeon. Lilcewise Dr. lVluller's contributions in this regard were memorable. Further, he exempli- fiecl the equanimity of William Osler, in his relationship with the patient. Surgery was first presentecl to us as sopho- mores when Dr. Behrenfl cliscussecl minor surgery and the principles of pre-operative ancl post-operative therapy. Dr. Suwer taught us the principles of asepsis, hum treatment, and treatment of shoclc and hemorrhage. It was in our Junior class in Operative Surgery that we were initiatecl into the funda- mental principles of operative technique uncler the guidance of Dr. Rankin ancl Dr. Robertson. ' , ,.. 5, f, 1 . . I 1 'Uh ..,. ..,.::TZmf? ,,cU. f .,, KE5., ,,i,6,f,Tm.,,,U21VN L'-F ,- , f its 1'..fT sfs f a' ' Z .- 1 ' , ' ' f':::1 .'flI t ' .J 1 J 1, - .ty , 1' .. 3 kggj j -' l. ,m N Qi' i I , . : Ji! .. 4- W 1. -,-,A L, .. i H. H 1 U U, IL, I 4. . 1-, In spite of the pressure of acceleration, the other phases of this subject were well presentecl through the patient efforts of the surgical staff. Special lecture series on various hernias and their complications, principles of vascular surg- ery, the pathology of surgical lesions, proctology, neuro-surgery, orthopeclics, fractures and their treatment, principles of anesthesia, and .thoracic surgery were given. E Practical experience during the senior year, studying patients from aclmission through opera- tion ancl discharge was afforded. However, we must not forget those calls at 3 A. M. for emergencies only to arrive t2 hours later, as they wheelecl the patient from the operating room. Then there were those early morning lectures in which Drs. Knowles and Wagner worlcecl feverishly to unravel the mass of con- fusion compiled cluring our junior year. All in all, a comprehensive, general, fully lnalancecl foundation in surgery has been our lot. Those of us who may later turn to this specialty, as a life worlc, will become increas- ingly grateful to our surgical faculty, for this excellent background: for the rest of us, this hasis in .surgery will prove an essential com- plement to general practice or any of the other specialties. E Q J., I . fl? '- Eff-1' '- 'fg ' 31 2 , , r U' I . , - . ., 1 fq'?'. 1- Yr WM +I: ' ' Tl, , - -.T ,N nr 4 .8 V , ,, Y 'z yg -Q. 0 f I . 'JV r f -' f 'I-Q V- ff . ,T-r 'Q ua . -mw- .. , . 4 ' 5 A inf A,-' UL, -J f'-'ff c- 1 0 N. In WK , 1 Hui I K nr H- . - :.,'.,r .N . - s 1fa,33'f'w if rt x S OBSTE'TRICS We live in the shadow of grand events: we wall: in the footsteps of mighty men. For in our four short years we have been versed, in the art and 'lore of such as' Soranus of Ephesus. whose hands have so often guided those of Dr. Giletto as he instructed us in the manilcins: of Mariceau, whose accounts of the conduct of normal labor, the employment of version, and the management of placenta praevia must yet be uttered with fervor to us, the embryo ob- stetricians of today, by his far-remote yet no less glorious pupils, the Doctors Clifford Lull, Mario Castallo, and Bernard Bernstine: we have also seen the advent of Caudal Analgesia, that newest obstetrical Colossus, whose giant shadow towers over the pain of childbirth-' almost obscuring it: and with this advance- ment, too, the names of those in Jefferson stand out. As the sun rises each day so with no.less regularity does each senior Thursday obstetrical clinic and Monday junior clinic roll baclc the 'K veil of obstetrical blaclcness which had almost claimed us, as it did those in the darlc ages of the world. ln these clinics-to us another routine lecture-stands one of the clearing, houses for American obstretrical information--Dr. Norris Wistar Vaux. For his duty it is to sort the facts originating from a William Hunter, a Smellie, a Baudelocque, a Chamberlen, an 'Oliver Wendell Holmes, a Semmelweis, a Tarnier, a Crede, a Porro, a Von Graefe, a Potter, a Sanger, a Dewees, a Waters, or a DeLee from those of some up-to-date mounte- bank, and present that knowledge to us through the-media of his weekly obstetrical triplex. With our coupled services in the O.P.D. and ward, we learned the normal, the warn- ing signals, and the abnormal-flcnowing that often alone to our hands, to- those of the classes we have followed, and who will follow have been entrusted the souls ot generations yet US unborn. The inspiration of their teaching has become ours. our future progress will be their reward. ORTHOPEDICS It was on a late Friday afternoon at the be- ginning of our Junior year.. that we lirst were exposed to the subject of Orthopedics under the able tutorage of our professor, Dr. Martin. ln his didactic lectures, he first introduced us to the scope of orthopedic surgery by delineating the subject of the prevention and correction of deformities and the treatment oat the diseases of the joints in general. Thereupon there followed Concise and descriptive accounts of the indi- vidual congenital and acquired diseases and deformities. As rheumatic infection is to Dr. Bauer, so diseases of the hip joint are to Dr. Martin such as Legg-Calve--Perthes' Disease with its musically sounding synonym, Osteo- chondritis Deformans Coxae Juvenilis. We labored to learn the differential definitions of Osgood-Schlattens Disease, K6hler's Disease, Scheuermann's Disease, .Kienbiiclcs Disease and Kumm'el's Disease. In our senior clinic, we were exposed to patients exhibiting various orthopedic problems from Torticollis to Colles' Fracture. Our section worlc consisted in being present at and assist- ing in various surgical operations and in the actual applying of' casts, etc., under the direction of Drs. Martin, Davidson, and Hand. Thus we received ample instruction in a very im- portant field. l '-4-f-. xg XR . X PEDIATRICS Gentlemen, the necessity of the use of the five senses and not laboratory test tubes is im- perative in the study of childrens diseases. Such was the essence of the lectures in the Bauer Hour on Thursdays at Four in our Junior year. Yes, we were taught the diagnosis and management of the various diseases of childhood: but we were further exposed to humorous anecdotes of wordly knowledge from acrid statements of a political nature to the erection to resurrection of socialized medicine. In addition we obtained actual pediatric ex- perience under the capable Dr. Mac Neill and assistants. How well we remember such state- ments.as: Bring me a baby, Miss Bieberf' VVhat are the contraindications to breast feed- ing? Did you inspect the ear drums? and These Juniors will never make physicians. lt was also during this year that we tool: our sundry trips to Municipal Hospital. In our Senior clinic on Saturdays at Twelve under the guidance of our resolute professor, we were shown cases of clinical interest. But we were more impressed by Dr. Bauer's disserta- tions on Rheumatic Infection than any of the other topics of discussion. Also during the year we received further practical experience in the pediatrics ward. Thus we obtained a well-diversified lcnowl- edge ot medicine in general, as it pertained to children, in particular. s . 63' x I waz-....,1h- - 1 3 V ' ' 4' 11' L1 A.,- ' .r tlfkf sflgv s... ,, .5 V. Lug E? GR. .. I ,x, vm --, , Jil. ,xi H QQ! , A V4 UROLOGY' Dr. Davis, urologist and teacher ever stimu- lated us with God gave you a brain didn't he-well use it or Doctor, take your hot little hands out of your pockets and examine the patient. To know the man was a rare privilege. We first met in our Junior year at a series of lectures on male and female plumbing and rusty pipes. The drawings were beautifully done. By the end of the year we could clean the trap in the kitchen sink or pass a soft rubber catheter. Drs. Baker, Bogaev and Fetter in the O.P.D. fand a female at the desk? caught our interest and we immediately took to massaging prostates. As Seniors, ward rounds and clinics were either horrible or delightful fdepending on whether you presented your patient or notl. Later with forewarnings from Miss Kutz and help from Dr. Lubin we caught the idea and sounded off like experts. The day a Negro tried to walk oft with a lost filiform in his bladder will not be forgotten by doctor. students or patient., Cystoscopes nos. 20, 22, 24 and 26 were used to retrieve it. Dila- tation? Yasl Suhl . i-Q A11-fu, ,I-.13 -5. DERMATOLOGY Fridays from two to three Drs. Knowles and Decker introduced us to scabies and tabes, titty per cent of our Junior year the Seniors said, since it consisted of scabies, tabes, rabies and babies. By the end of the first hour we were experts on split peas and the anatomy of the epidermis. Three little words, liquor carbonis detergens, given us the second hour made us all big skin men. Lectures were well illustrated, and so we rested after lunch. V Individually, Drs. Corson and Wilson amazed us in the clinic by diagnosing and treat- ing not less than fifty patients in a single morn- ing. Precipitated sulfur, salicylic acid and lano- lin will do the trick. Dr. Decker's talks on syphilology, his ready wit and philosophy were excellent. Was it Columbus or the indians still remains a ques- tion. The Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria brought men to a new land. Here in Dermatology are lands awaiting a new Columbus. Q E Un. vu'-.Q-. ...gg--por uqm KM, JE g Q3 Vi, 7 ,4 . . W 'x -Alf R W 1 I tr.. V'-4 -an L Tf'375i . 5?'f1 l:g4- J V wr-l . :'as+fL ---F O . av flu! 'N X ,s.,-if ' -s.,,,- Xi lf' 'A sf FK, 1 1 ur, ,L Y, .,Q ! 41, .14 W I Y .E i 1 OTCLOGY In our Junior year, the department of Otology introduced us to real patients through the devi- ous route of the human ear. Quiclcly we learned the difficulties confronting the novice in examin- ing the external ear. However, after several mornings, we reached the end of the journey and saw the landmarks of the ear drum. Here it was that we hegan to see the reason for our exhaustive studies of organon auditus in fresh- man anatomy, Following an earnest endeavor to hecome familiar with the normal, we at- tempted to diagnose and treat the diseased under the able guidance of Drs. Towson and Hitschler. Much time wasspent in the use of diagnostic instruments: the otoscope, Politzer bag and audiometer. Cerumen Howed freely under the inlluence of syringe and warm Water. The Senior year offered a contrast in the lecture course, to which most students reacted unfavorahly. No longer were we presented with the most interesting part of medicine'-siclc people--but rather a didactic course on diseases of the ear. The outstanding features of furuncu- losis, myringiiis, otitis media, mastoiditis, er ai., were thoroughly gone over hy Drs. Williams and Towson. The proislem of deafness was pre- sented hy Dr. Hitschler. In retrospect, we can say that we preferred the mornings in the clinic to the afternoons in the lecture room. su I-4.3 S I 09 ' N ,H V K , M., .- LARYNGOLOGY Five weelcs spent investigating the nose and throat gave us a good foundation in this Field in our Junior year. Learning the use of the head mirror involved more than met the eye. The nasal speculum, after many fruitless trials, he- gan to reveal things hefore unseen. Remember the glow of pride when we found an x-ray report to agree with our own results of trans- illumination of the sinuses? That laryngeal mir- ror proved to he a stumbling hloclc for many. With or without anesthetic, those elusive vocal cords would not show up in the mirror. When, toward the end of the third year work, we were ahle to see them and a few tracheal rings on occasion, we wondered if it could he repeated in a few years, alter the fourth year layoff from clinical 'nose and throat worlc. ln the Senior year, for the first time, we met Dr. Louis H. Clerf, head of the department, who captured and held our attention with his masterful portrayal of' laryngeal and hronchial lesions. He it wasrwho first clarified for us the meaning of wheezing respiration. No man of '46 should ever he guilty of carelessly making a diagnosis of asthma without considering and looking for other causes of bronchial narrowing, especially carcinoma. Dr. Fox, whose lectures are a model of or- ganization, succeeded Dr. Clert in the Pit. His talks were enlightened hy patients showing the topic under discussion. Dr. Wagers then tool: up the didactic haton. Also helping to give us a hetter understanding of this suhject were Drs. Casper, McCallum and Fields. x l, 1:1 r,. mg Q,-1211? L ff WM Q- x ,.. vf.- fy X . . 1 w r A , NF- E J, . 1 1:,,Q,.- nf ?'9u1ef,, .7 1 1. -f ,,,Wgf':' ki.: - -' ' -19 :Lf- 1 A ' ' W iifi .T .Lf 4355. in 'vbw-1. PSYCHIATRY For many of us the prohlems of psychiatry were an unlcnown and mysterious entity until Dr. Matthews, Associate Professor of Psychi- atry, unfolded for us the intricacies ofthe he- havior and reaction seen in the patients with whom a physician must deal. In our Freshman and Sophomore years Dr. Matthews and his capalole assistant, Dr. Boole- hammer, gave us an overall picture of this com- plex and uncertain aspect of medicine. As Juniors we delved into the taslc of recog- nizing the different types of psychotic reactions. Illustrations and examples were appropriately acted out by the inimitable Dr. Matthews. Clinics conducted at the Philadelphia General Hospital enabled us to develop -diagnostic aloility and to determine the psychopathology which leads to such states of mind. At the same time Dr. Boolchammer at his load baby clinic discussed in his soft-spolcen manner the he- haviour problems of childhood and how to deal with them. The psychoneuroses and their important dif- ferentiation from the psychoses and organic dis- ease constituted the subject in the senior year. The ready humor of Dr. Matthews and his eagerness in stimulating student discussion of the unconscious dynamics behind the neuroses led to lively instructional sessions for which we were all grateful. NEUROLOGY The field of Neurology holds many possibili- ties. The full import of this statement was not to he realized until we as Juniors, were intro- duced to the subject hy our capalale Professor of Neurology. Dr. Bernard J. Alpers. Under his instruction we soon learned that this subject is comparatively new, much has yet to he learned and more adequate treatment devised. During the Junior year the lecture periods were devoted not only to the'proper method ol: examining a neurological patient, but also to the adequate interpretation of physical findings. Most important 'of all, we were taught the principles underlying the proper localization of the pathological process within the -nervous system. This Dr. Alpers accomplished by a methodical approach and hy correlating signs and symptoms with the neuropathology we had learned the previous year. What we were told was more permanently fixed in our minds hy the presentation of patients demonstrating the specific conditions. The course in the Senior year consisted of lectures concerned with the neurological dis- eases which we would meet. This was supple- mented hy sectional work in the wards of Jef- ferson Hospital where Dr. Alpers and assistants taught us the clinical application of Neurology. ln all, such clarity of presentation made a dilti- cult suhject relatively easy. 1 ..!?1,x--.fff 1 ,Qi-1 3 5, .U-7-. ,Lx , 'ix . , -Xvsxxi' - zfl- 3 1 .V . ., Y -5-kms. X ' fx ' -, hc. .Ti f' ' . 'f ll . aux . - A .2 1 - .1 , -Y 1,'gH '3 . 'us qi- Jjr I A 9311? ' 'iiff-fi w - ' 'J 's.g:Hi. H- r .1 Y f.,1-.V..4w- ,- I . I ,,, -. ' 1 .N I I l y ! - l l v A w l. OPHTHALMOLOGY We were introduced to the highly special- ized science of ophthalmology in the clinical amphitheatre on Friday afternoons of our senior year. Little time elapsed before Professor Charles E. G. Shannon won the hearts of all seniors with his ever pleasant personality and thorough knowledge of the subject. His informal quizzes never failed to bring out the highlights of the previous lectures. No one feared them because Dr. Shannon had an uncanny knack of malcing one feel completely at home, even in the Pit. His lectures on conjunctivitis, sympa- thetic ophthalmia, lceratitis, and iritis were models of conciseness. Dr. Carroll R. Mullen caught and held our attention lilce magic with his sterling presenta- tion ot glaucoma. Those lessons will, indeed, he well remembered. The intricate physiology of the eye was explained to us hy Drs. Olsho and Hunt. Those afternoons in the O.P.D. were remarlc- able for the numlaer of patients seen in one short hour. It was the firm purpose of Dr. Hunt to see that we would not he ignorant of, nor fail to recognize, any eye lesion apt to he met in practicej . s r 4--Jw.:-f . I -'-?. - 'r- ' 'FI '-,1 xt, L' 12- 4 tiki?- l, ' 5-gf! Y '-:. GYNECOLOGY It has heen a rare opportunity indeed, to he fortunate enough to have heen taught in so excellent a gynecological clinic as ours, and to have received instruction under such a dis- tinguished clinician as Dr. Lewis C. Schel- fey. As Juniors we recognized early that his Monday evening lectures emhodied everything sound and progressive in gynecology: the prin- ciples he taught arising from the best in such men as our own Marion Sims, Tait, Simpson, McDowell, Sampson, Kelly, Anspach, Curtis, Goodell, Graves, Taussig, and those many other uvoicesn in gynecology. He has organized a de- partment steeped in unanimity and cooperation: as Seniors, Doctors Montgomery Mohler. Thudium, lVlacCarroll, and Lynch helped him to verse us in the Wards, the 0.P.D., and in the Thursday afternoon Pathology sessions. Here we were permitted to see our teachings applied and watch the unending struggle against malignancy. Recognizing that knowledge of facts, how- ever numerous they may he, is not education, they tried to teach us to observe and to thinlcg the need of worlc and how to worlcg to instinc- tively- coordinate our observations and reading: to have ideas, ideals, hopes, and enthusiasms.-f voices instead of echoes-'springs instead ot wells. 1 L Jin-.QQ R'-ww 'JI ,.1,.!. 1 , ' A n C X w 1 w r , n ,- w J- ,' .:' A 11 'i 53' ' ?'s.f x--v J 1 , ,W---2551. ii-T-UWAG, A YL! ' JJ ', 'F H217 A 1 Um .3-fi-' ' f ' V-. 1- .gnu 1 f 'f -f 6:12411 'i w' V' -in:ga11Qff ' f hifi' I i 4 w , 1 v .ab-I 1 A ,H ,BV 1 I :A '. , . . F-,-.. w , 1 1 N ' ' v w-M ,T -,,.. W 1:u:,,wg1,,n. . QL 15.1. i 11 RADIQLOGY Prohahiy one of the most important things in medicine is detail, a knowledge and observa- tion of particulars. Although this is true of most specialties, it finds its greatest application in radiology for here one cannot depend on auxiliary measures in diagnosis. it is impera- tive, therefore, that an accomplished and com- petent man be entrusted with the teaching ot this subject. In this respect, we were fortunate in being associated with Dr. Paul C. Swenson, who is considered an outstanding man in the field of Roentgenoiogy. it was through his ef- forts that we, as Juniors, learned how to observe accurately and how to interpret our observa- tions in differentiating the roentgenoiogicai ap- pearance of many diseases. The proper method of internal inspection and a careful correla- tion of the shadowgraphic with the clinical tind- ings were stressed. This instruction was carried over into the .Senior year, when opportunity was afforded for individual attempts at interpreta- tion under the critical eyes of Dr. Swenson. ....J,.., ,U W - ,V , :?'k Q If E.,-f. m 'G' 1 F' Q. 43 4 fs nf AHPS- 5 .ibn ,. s 1 .QQ- u tp , x ' m -j m ' 4 ri' Q 1 I Q W 0 5' 5 It S - , E .AQ . ,K I1 ' A 4 ' r, .1 .... .. - - ' ,:1,-W.-.194-, ' A 9 I ' 1nLf'5f 5?- ':fs.u,gL, 1' J r .-f4.'fsw3i.-1 .V fl.: Sf: '- jwli, g' A.: - Ti 'IQ-i Aggiaffzhs SENIOR CLASS , OFFICERS A. JOSEPH CAPPELLETTI ........ President PAUL HE-USTON. . . ...... Vice-President Joslspu Puuso .... ....... . MAHLON BIERLY . ..... . CHARLES E. HANNAN ........ Secretary . TTGQSUJBF His tovian I-IAR LD . HARR ALDERFER Lansdale, Pa. Ursinus College, BS. , 0 K 11' Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. GUSTAV WALTER ANDERSON Hartford, Conn. - Trinity College, BS. A Q A A K K Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. nga. U. ,I ,u It vw up CLAUDE LIDDELL ' AUSTIN Winona, Miss. University of Mississippi, B.A.j B.S. CID X Shreveport Charity Hospital, Shreveport, La. 2.1 L MJ .!!m1 . H, . ..., at 4-,1-.r - an -1- -,,-v DWIGHT RANSFORD ' ASHBEY JR. Chestnut Hill Pa Franklin 5' Marshall College GK? Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S EDWARD BLAKE 1 BABCOCK Bangor, Me. Bowdoin College, B.S. N EN KBIIP Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, N, J.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. huge, HERBERT i JOSEPH BACHARACH, JR Clearfield, Pa. Gettysburg College, AB. A K K Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa. J WILLIAM I-IEWSON BALTZELL Chestnut I'IiII, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, B.A. Jefferson I IospitaI, PI1iIacIeIpI1ia. Pa.: lst Lieutenant, IVLC., A.U.S. CLIFFORD ASHTON BALDWIN, JR IVIercI1antviIIe, N. J.. Dartmouth College, AB. AKK Cooper I'IospitaI, Camden, N. LI. lst Lieutenant, IVI.C., A.U.S. AARGN DAVID BANNETT Philadelphia, Pa. La Salle College, B.A. CP A E Jewish Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. CHARLES CLIFFORD BARRINGER Chapel Hill, N. C. University of North Carolina, B.A. i A K' K U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant Ki.g.J, M,C., U.S.N.R. CHARLES EDWARD- BICKHAIVI, JR. Camden, Ala. University of Alabama, AB. KI' B H U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant fj.g.J, 1Vl.C., U.S.N.R. MYRON BASH . Trenton, N. J. Franklin 5' Marshall College, B.S. 'IJ A E Mercer Hospital, Trenton, N. J.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. fn... . , MAI-ILON ZWINGLI BIERLY, JR. Drexel Hill, Pa. . Franklin 6 Marshall College, BS. GK? Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa.: Lieutenant tj.g.Q, NLC., U.S.N.R. F HU AL BLAKE Spartanburg, S. C. The Citadel, B.S. A K K Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.-3 lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. I-IOMER WILSON BOYSEN Egg Harbor City. N. J. Ursinus College, BS. 49 K 'If K B 119 Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S., Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, JOHN ALOYSIUS . BONGIOVANNI Drexel Hill, Pa. Villanova College, B.S. fb P E I Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadel- piiia, Pa.: Lieutenant fj.g.,, M.C., U.S.N.R.' WILLIAM DOUGLAS BRANDON Lancaster, Pa. Franklin 8' Marshall College, BS. iw X Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. A A 'Q ,, 1. RALPH 'W BURBRIDGE 3 . McKeesport, Pa. Bethany College, BS. A Q A A K K Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pax lst Lieutenant NLC. A.U.S RALPH ANTHONY CARABASI Bala-Cynwyd, Pa. University of Notre Dame, B.S. fb A E Fitzgerald-Mercy Hospital, Darby, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. v A. JOSEPH CAPPELLETTI Waterbury, Conn. Providence College, B.S. 'IJ A 2 K B Q Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury, Conn. GEORGE - AUGUST CARBERRY Gary, Ind. University of Notre Dame, BS. 111 A 2 Nazareth Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. SALVATORE RICHARD M CARRABBA Hartford, Conn. Trinity College, B.S. A K K St. Francis Hospital, Hartford, Conn.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. H? CHARLES CATANZARO Norristown, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, BS. Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. WILLIAM STANLEY ' CARTER, JR Hazleton, Pa. Wesleyan University, B.A. A K K E Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia Pa.: Lieqtenant fj.g.J, NLC., U.S.N.R. ANTHONY EDWARD CHMELEWSKI Wilkes-Barre, Pa. University of Scranton, B.S. ASIA QIDAE Wilkes-Barre General Hospital. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 5 lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. R ABRAHAM LINCOLN 7 - A A COHEN Philadelphia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, A.B. QI' A K ' Mt. Sinai Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. THEODORE STROUD CGNE Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama, BS. Q B II U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant Qi.g.J, NLC., U.S.N.R. HARRY LEE A COLUNSJR Umatilla, Fla. University of Florida, B.S. fi' X K B Q St. Lukas Hospital, Jacksonville, Fla.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S VITO P N LOUIS COPPA Providence, R. I. Providence College, B.S. ' CII' A 2 K B 'ID ew York City Hospital, New York: N. Y.: Lieutenant fj.g.,, NLC.. U.S.N.R. ' n iv -.,. - . BERNARD STEPHEN CRAMER Philadelphia, Pa. St. Ioseptfs College, B.S. if' A K Mt. Sinai Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. THOMAS WILLIAM DALY Providence, R. I. Providence College, BS. cb A E U. S. Naval I'IospitaIg Lieutenant fjgj, M.C., U.S.N.R. abzfhnwf:.f'f WILLIAM GLIVER CURRY, J R ASITIBHCI, PB.. Susquehanna University, AB. 111' X Geisinger Memorial HospitaI, Danville, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. V41 .Lx f , 7- it JOHN WOODROW DAVIS Charlotte, N. C. Davidson College, BHS. KID X Charlotte Memorial Hospital, Charlotte, N. C.: lst Lieutenant, M. C., A.U.S. JOHN PAUL DECKER Spokane, Wash. Gonzaga University, B.S. A Q A 111 A E Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadel- phia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, A.U.S. p ROBERT CHARLES DIETEL South Hadley Falls, Mass. Massachusetts State College, BS. A K K Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, N. Y. JOSEPH F. DEVENNEY Philadelphia, Pa. St. Ioseptfs College, BS. Fitzgerald-Mercy Hospital, Darby, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. 'I J. MURRAY DOLPHIN Wilkes'-Barre., Pa. A University of Pennsylvania, B.S, N 2 N Wilkes-Barre Mercy Hospital, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. PAUL JAMES DGWDELL Wilkes-Barre, Pa. I , Bucknell University, BS. KID B H Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, Pa.: Lieutenant NLC., U.S.N.R. GEDRGE NORTGN ERIKSEN, JR. Wilmington, Del. Villanova College, B.S. 'IJ A E K B 111 'Delaware Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware - CHARLES CLARK DUGAN 5 Harrisburg, Pa. Cornell University, A.B. '11 X Harrisburg General Hospital, Harrisburg, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, MC., A.U.S. HARRY EARL FIDLER Hooversville, Pa. Dickinson College, BS. NEN KBID Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, N. lg lst Lieutenant, M. C., A.U.S. JAMES JOSEPH FIEDLER Plmilaflelpllia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, AB. fb A E St. lVlary's Hospital, Pliilaclelpliia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. .,.., JOSEPH PETER GADOMSKI Perth Amboy, N. J. The Catholic University of America, BS. ' 41, B H U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant tj.g.J, MC., U.S.N.R. lin'-W 1-at ,X ,X CAIVIILLE THOMAS FLOTTE Norristown, Pa. Franklin a Marshall College, as. Q K if Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.g Lieutenant fj.g.J, NLC., U.S.N.R. S-'H HENRY GRATTON GALLAGI-IER Wilkes-Barre, P University of Scranton, BS. QBH Misericordia Hospital, Philadel- phia, Pa., lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. -'N JAMES JGSEPH GALLAGHER Philadelphia, Pa. St. Ioseptfs College, B,S. Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, MC., A.U.S. JACK GELB Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Bucknell University, BS. . Jersey City Medical. Center, Jersey City, N. J., lst Lieutenant, NLC., I A.U.S. ANDREW WEBSTER GAUDIELLE Hackensack, N. J. Harvard University, BS. E A K K Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, N. J.: Lieutenant fj.g.J, NLC., U.S.N.R 1 JAMES , BRYSON GILBERT Philadelphia, Pa. Haverford College, BS. A Q A Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. EDWARD FRANK Q v GLIWA Elizabeth, Pa. Ursinus College, B.S. fI9 BTI K B '11 Wilmington General Hospital, Wilmington, Dei.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. EDWIN ST. JOHN i GREBLE, 3RD Ptlitadeiptlia, Pa. Leland Stanford, Ir. University, U. S. A.B. A cz A Naval Hospital: Lieutenant Cj.g.J, M.C., U.S.N.R. RUDOLPH EDWARD GOSZTGNYI, JR. Bethlehem, Pa. Lehigh University, BA. X A Q A A K K K B fb St. Lukas Hospital, Bethlehem, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S JOHN R RICHARD GRIFFITH Monessen, Pa. Tulane University and University of Pittsburgh, BS., - fb X K B QI! Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, MLC., A.U.S. V-is-. 'EQJ' v ROBERT - 1 AUSTIN ' - GRUGAN Lock Haven, Pa. Dickinson College, B.S. '11 X U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant fj.g.J, M.C., U.S.N.R. ROBERT WILLIAM - I-IAINES AucIuI:mon, N. LI. University of Pennsylvania, AB. Johns I'IopIcins Hospital, Balti- more, IVIcI.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. ROBERT ALVIN HAIN ES Woodstown, N. LI. Lafayette College, AB. 'IJ X Cooper I'IospitaI, Camden, N. J.: lst Lieutenant, IVI.C., A.U.S. X, J' . ' ' JOHN JGSEPH HANLON, JR. Harrisburg, Pa. J Franklin 5' Marshall College, J GK? Harrisburg General Hospital, Harrisburg, Pa. ,, -W 5 CHARLES E. J -- ' J 1' I-IANNAN, JR 5 ', Johnstown, Pa. f Pennsylvania State College, A.B. NSN KBQ Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. I DANIEL S. I-IARROP, JR-. Vvest Vvarwick, R. I. Providence CoIIege, BS. QAE Rhode Island Hospital, Provi- dence, R. I.: 1stLieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. fT'7 ' fu WILLIAM JAMES HARGREAVES J0l'lHStOWH,'P8. Gettysburg College, A.B. A STA A K K Conemaugtm VaIIey Memorial Hospital, Johnstown, Pa. I JAMES I-IUBERT HAWKINS Marion, N. C. University of North Carolina, AB. U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant Qj.g.J, M.C., U.S.N.R. FRANK WILLIAM HENDERSON Plymouth, Pa, Maryville College, B.A. 1 iv X Germantown Hospital, ' Germantown, Pa. HENRY WILLIAM HGGAN, JR. Canton, Ohio Ohio State University, B.A. SIP X Mercy Hospital, Canton, Ohio PAUL BALABANOFF HEUSTON THCOHIB, Wash. College of Puget Sound, BMS. CIJBH Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, N. Y.: Lieutenant fj.g.,. R U.S.N. . HOWARD ISAACSGN Freehold, N. J. .Rutgers University, B.S. fb A 2 Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia. Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. 'HG' .. Ill' ffl'-'w fa V1 72 n-Li it Q5 -v -- -w w ul JOHN RICHARD JENKINS, JR . Albany, N. Y. Duke University, AB. Allaanyflospital, Albany, N. Y. ALLEN WILLIAM JGNES Erie, Pa. Juniata College, B.S. 113 X Allegheny General Hospital, Pitts- burgh, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. JAMES JGSEPH JOHNSON FIECIBHJ, Pa. Villanova College, B.S. 111132 Misericordia Hospital, Philadel- phia, Pa., lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. HERBERT VICTOR JORDAN, JR. Hanover, PH. Bucknell University, BS. GKNP Harrisburg General Hospital, Harrisburg, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. JOHN ALFRED JORDAN, JR Mount Pleasant, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, B.S. A K K Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S JOHN M. KELLER Philadelphia, Pa. VJ est Virginia University, A.B. in A 2 Fitzgerald-Mercy Hospital, Darby, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. WILLIAM MARTIN KANE Wilkes-Barre, Pa. University of Scranton, BS. IPBH Misericordia Hospital, Philadel- phia, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, M.C., - A.U.S. THGMAS JGSEPH KENNEDY Philadelphia, Pa. St. Ioseptfs College, AB. KID B H Fitzgerald-Mercy Hospital, Darby, ' Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. ,. ,, 11:24 CHARLES A. KNOWLES West Pittston, Pa. University of Scranton, BS. KIDBH Misericordia Hospital, Philadel- phia, Pan lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. CHARLES A WILLIAM KORBONITS Asbury Park, N. J. Rutg ers University, BS. 'IJ B H Fitldn Memorial Hospitai, Neptune, N. J. ,,,'Q.5E. 1 -g KENNETH RAVEN KNOX Parkersburg, VV. Va. West Virginia Wesleyan College, B.S. 'IP X Pennsylvania Hospital, Piiilaclel-' phia,-Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.s. , SIDNEY KORETSKY CIICISCH, Mass. Harvard University, A.B. KIJAK Springfield Hospital, Springfield, Mass.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. SEYMOUR KREVSKY Allentown, Pa. Lehigh University, B.A. 111 A E Allentown Hospital, Allentown, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. DOIVIINIC ' ANTHONY KUJ DA Dickson City, Pa. University of Scranton, BS. fb A 2 Scranton State Hospitalr Scranton. - Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. JOSEPH BENEDICT KRISANDA Jessup. Pa. I Universityhof Scranton, B.S. A Q A 119 A 2 , Scranton State Hospital, Scranton Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC.. A.U.S ROBERT REED LACOCK Pittsburgh, Pa. University of Virginia, B.A. N E N Delaware Hospital, Wilmington, Del.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. OSCAR KENNETH , ' LANICH Philadelphia, Pa. t St. Ioseptfs College, BS. Fitzgerald-Mercy Hospital. Darby, Pa., lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. FREDERIC C. LECHNER, JR. Montoursviile, Pa. Franklin 51 Marshall College, BS. GKNP Williamsport Hospital, Williams- port, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. 1 LCUIS ' FRANK . LA NOCE Philadelphia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, AB. dv A 2 ' St. 1VIary's Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. ALLEN I-I. LEE Dunn, N. C. Wake Forest College, B,S. Q P E Watts Hospital, Durham, N. C.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. 1+LL' 4 GAMEWELL ALEXANDER LEMMON Sumter, S. C. University of North-Carolina, AB. NEN KBQID ' Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.g 1stLieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. iii-F Q, 'V' -- : Q 11r ': ':? r'--'fry wwf if 'f' 7:-1,-,-ei'e1:r+ LEON LEVINTOW Philadelphia, Pa. Haverford COUGQG, AB. A Q A :Ia A K Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. LEGNARD i H - JORDAN LEVICK Philadelphia, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, BS. 119 A K Jewish Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. 'Me MARVIN . OWEN 4 LEWIS Erie, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, B.S. and Rutgers University, M.S. U. S. Marine Hospital: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. 46 DeARMOND LINDES A Piiiiacieipiiia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, B.S. Frankford Hospital, Philadelphia. Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. FORREST EDWARD LUMPKIN, JR. Terrell, Tex. University of Texas, B.A. fb X r Lanlcenau Hospital, Philadelphia, R Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. JOHN PAUL LUHR Buffalo, N. Y., Canisius College, AB. 111 X K B 115. St. Vincent's Hospital, New York City, N. Y.g Lieutenant fj.g.,, -sem'-V-1. to rn l f. mf 'Ui ,1'M '-4'. M ' ' 1VI.C., U.S.N.R. JAMES VALENTINE MACKELL Philadelphia, Pa. St. Ioseptfs College, BS. A Q A Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. WALTER VINCENT MATTEUCCI Philadelphia, Pa. St. Ioseptfs College, B.S. CIDPE Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C.. A.U.S. MICHAEL l JOHN MCANDREW, JR. Clarksburg, W. Va. University of West Virginia, A.B. N 2 N K B Q U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant Qj.g.J, lVI.C., U.S.N.R. JOSEPH MAZIVIANIAN Medford, Mass. Tufts College: B.S. K NP K B 111 Cooper Hospital, Camclen, N. J.: lst Lieutenant lVl.C., A.U.S. JOHN ' LAWRENCE MCCORMICK Carlisle, Pa. Dickinson College, AB. N 2 N - ' I Jefferson HospitaI,.Pi1ilaclelphia, Pa.: 1stLieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. EDWIN ANDREW IVICGOVERN - Newport, R. I. Providence College, BS. QIJAE Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., Aus. 4 JOSEPH LIONEL MELNICK Philadelphia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, A.B. Jewish Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. RANDALL M. ' MCLAUGHLIN Delta, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, B.S. A K K Cooper Hospital, Camden, N. J. HAROLD MEYER Pliilaclelpliia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, AB. CI: A 2 .lewisli Hospital, Plmilaclelplmia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, lVl.C., A.U.S. Fit CLARENCE A MASON MILLER, JR. Wallace, N. C. University of North Carolina, AB. A K K K B 111 Jersey City lVleclical Center, Jersey City, N. lg lst Lieutenant, lVl.C., A.U.S. 1 JOSEPH PAUL MUDD, JR. Birmingham, Ala. University of Alabama., BS. fefferson-Hillman Hospital, Birmingham, Alaq Lieufenant qygg, MC., U.s.N.R. GEORGE FRANCIS MINDE Summit, N. J. Lehigh University, AB. LDBTI Gorgas Hospital, Anson, Canal Zoneg lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. WILLIAM O. , MUEHLHAUSER Quakertown, Pa. Muhlenberg College, BS. fi' X K B '11 Allentown General Hospital, Allentown. Pa.: Lieutenant fj.g.f, M.C., U.S.N.R. RGBERT AUGUSTUS MURPHY Florence, N. J. St. Iosepfffs College, B.S.A 112 P 2 U. S. Naval Hospitalg Lieutenant fj.g.,, NLC., U.S.N.R. WILLIAM ' ALOYSIUS A CYCONNELL Vvyomissing Park, Pa. University of Notre Dame, BS. QAE Reading Hospital, Reading, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. ROBERT NELSON Jersey City, New Jersey Upsala College, AB. 'If X - Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. , ' e. ' L JAMES M. O'LEARY Altoona, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, B.S. 'IJ A E Mercy Hospital, Altoona, Pa.: Lieutenant fj.g.,, M.C., U.S.N.R. I I SIDNEY HERBERT ORR Philadelphia, Pa. La Salle College, BS. QI: A 2 Jewish Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. THOMAS PASTRAS Camden, N. J. ' Ursinus College, BS. I A sz A Jefferson. Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa., lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. lk, ,. 1 . FRANK - ' CAMERON PALMER Johnstown, Pa. ' ' Princeton University, AB. A K K K B if Conemaugtl Valley Memorial Hospital, Johnstown, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. THOMAS EUGENE PATRICK Scranton, Pa. University of Scranton, B.A. QAE Scranton State Hospital, Scranton, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. BENJAMIN STRAWBRIDGE PERKINS COHSIIOIIOCICCH, Pa. Ursinus College, BS. NEN Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadel- phia, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. JOSEPH SALVATORE PULEO Norristovvn, Pa. Villanova College, BS. QI: P 2 U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant fj.g.J, M.C., U.S.N.R. JOI-IN H. i ' PETRE, JR Erie, Pa. Allegheny College, BS. N 2 N St. Vince-:nfs Hospital, Erie, Pa.-3 Ist Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. REGINALD JANEB - RABAN Auciuiaon, N. J. Ursinus College, BS. Cooper Hospital, Camden, N. lg Lieutenant fj.g.i, NLC., U.S.N.R. GEORGE Q. 1 KANTER REBERDY Detroit, Mich. University of Notre Dame, B.S. KIPAE Providence Hospital, Detroit, Mich. MELVIN LEWIS REITZ Leek Kill, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, B.-S. George F. Geisinger Memorial Hospital, Danville, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., AlU.S. JV' 't 'Nl 11413 'rl ,Li .....-.Jl'f' 'J ,, - JOHN L. REDMOND New Rochelle, Y. University of Notre Dame, B.S. QA2 New Rochelle Hospital, New Rochelle, N. Y. ISADORE t ROSE ' Plymouth, Pa. University of Scranton, B.S. III A E Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. SAMUEL A DUN HAM RGWLEY West Hartford, Conn. Hamilton College, BS. AKK Hartford General Hospital, Hart- ford, Conn.: Lieutenant fj.g.J, NLC., U.S.N.R. JOSEPH CHARLES RUHT Shenandoah, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, BS. ,Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. ROBERT K E HOWELL ROY Brookline, Pa. Pennsylvania. State College, BHS. A K K K B 119 St. LuIce's Hospital, Bethlehem, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. IHCHARDCR SALEEBY ' Wilson, N. C. Wake Forest College, BS. KID X K B 112 Germantown Hospital, Philacieh phia., Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. RGBERT EUGENE SASS Boswell, Pa. Franklin 5' Marshall College, BS. A K K K B KI? Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pal: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A,U.S. CH ARLES FGSTER SCARBOROUGI-I, JR Mt. Gilead, N. C. University of North Carolina, A.B., B.S. AKK KB'IJ Conemaugh Valley Memorial Hospital, Johnstown, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. FRANK H ERNST SCHRAMM, JR. Nazareth, Pa. Moravian College, B.S. 'Iv P E St. Lulce's Hospital, Bethlehem, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. NGRMAN MCLEAN SCOTT, JR. Harwich Port, Mass. Colgate University, AB. ' AKK Roosevelt Hospital, New York, N. Y.: 1stLieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. ' HENRY SEIDENBERG , Philadelphia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, Ba.A. A Q A Q A K Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, M.-C., A.U.S. FRANKJ. SHANNKEQJR. Philadelphia, Pa. St. Iosepffs College, B.S. KI? P 2 K B ffl Atlantic- City Hospital, Atlantic City, N. J.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. GEORGE RQBERT SENYDR - Patton, Pa. Franklin 5' Marshall College, BS. 0 K if Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. I-IGWARD G. SI-IAUB, JR. Bloomfield, N. J. Franlalin 5' Marshall College, B.S. AQA Jefferson Hospital, Plmilaclelplmia, Pa.g lst Lieutenant, lVl.C., A.U.S. . V ,I '. ll r ,. iw . ii, if in BERNARD - DODD SHERER Holtvvoocl, Pa. Franklin 5' Marshall College, B.S. GJ K 11' K B Q U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant lj.-g.J, M.C., U.S.N.R. WARREN ' BENJAMIN SILLIMAN POqUOHOCIC, COHH. .LGBCI-HOTI, Valley College, 'IJPE Hartford Hospital, Hartford. Conn.g lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. RICHARD T. A SHUGART Elkin, N. C. ' University of North Carolina, A.B. N 2 N K B 119 Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. LEONARD L ROBERT ' SIMONCELLI Jessup, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, B.S. A QIQAZ Fitzgerald-Mercy Hospital, Darby. Pa.g lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. DAVID GOODMAN SIMONS Lancaster, Pa. Franklin 8' Marshall College, B.S. Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. HARRY CHARLES SMITH ,Albion Pa. Allegheny College, A.B. N 2 N K B 'IJ St. Vincent's Hospital, Erie, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. EARL KEPNER SIPES Everett, Pa. Gettysburg College, AB. A K K K B 'ID ' Sacred Heart Hospital, Allentown, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. RCBERT G. R STEVENS Philadelphia, Pa. A Pennsylvania State College, B.S. 111 X Williams ort Hospital, Williams- R P port, Pa. - HARRY ALFRED STONE Columbus, Miss. University of Mississippi, B.A., B.S. 111 X Southern Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, La.: lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. ENIO VVILLIAM , TOBIA Couingciaie, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, AB. A Q A CID P 2 Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia. i Pa. ROBERT J. ' SULLIVAN Fall River, Mass. Providence College, B.S. 'IJ A2 KBCIP Philadelphia General Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. FREDERICK R ' - URBACH Elkins Park, Pa. University of Pennsylvania, AB. K B KID Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. DUNCAN DeVANE WALKER, JR Macon, GB.. University of North Carolina,-AB ' N 2 N K B if Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadel- ptiia, Pa.: lst Lieutenant, M.C. A.U.S. HERBERT LOUIS WALTER Upper Darby, Pa. Tusculum College, BA. ' 11' B H Wilmington General Hospital, Wilmington, Del.: Lieutenant fi.g.D, NLC., U.S.N.R. H H, 1 JOHN SAMUEL WALKER Brevard, N. C. Wake Forest College, -D X L K B qw U. S. Naval Hospital: Lieutenant fj.g.J, M.C., U.S.N.R. GEORGE LAURENCE WEBER Yeadon, Pa. Villanova College, B.S. A 111 A 2 Fitzgerald-Mercy Hospital, Darby. Pa.: lst Lieutenant, NLC., A.U.S. .mtv X 1 sw ' xnw., JAMES DONALD WENTZLER Montoursville, Pa. Pennsylvania State College, BS. 111 X Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.: last Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. BRUCE ' MEADE. a WIMER Plainfield, N. J. Franklin Ev Marshall College, B.S. A S2 A 119 X Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. THOMAS M. WILEY, JR. Decatur, Ala. University of Alabama, B.S. dv X Jefferson-Hillman Hospital, Birmingham, Ala.: Ist Lieutenant . M.C.. A.U.S. WILLIAM IVIACKEY WOODWARD Collingswood, N. J. Swarthmore College, AB. , III X Cooper Hospital, Camden, N. lg -lst Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S. RICHARD ARMSTRONG A WORSHAM Jacksonville, Fla. University of Florida, B.S. 111 X Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, N. J.: Lieutenant fj.g.,, M.C., U.S.N.R. RICHARD F. ZEHNER Reading,Pa. North Carolina State College and University of North Carolina, BS. St. Joseplfs Hospital, Lancaster, Pa. --'f : 'ff1 Q 1 A A .ffqv F'FTwrjG-7fG'Uf., .151 W efisvf'-511 WW I , r -I ,.:J' ' , ,fggrh wg' Wig- g if , j-Ju.. A2 jgfff I-13.2. 'A 93551 ff q 3 ' .yr ef' ff , ,g1'ugs A.AAA.p: . Azgf'-4 - -. A - gif s Iffifff f uf:fL?15vi5?',Ci2' gff A if ,AA:Af r iff-1Z SIf :rg 4 f-Affs 1-'Y fxim A f l' fm ' ,:Arf'gL'-r4g,1lA-.A- iffw- ga .ff ff 4 r 1- ' ,A QL- '24, 5- 3-,ff,f.gr,. -,c f A ,Mfg fr-,mfljrjf- ,-ZA. ' H f:f?53fA-' . f 85919 r w' ff ' 2 4- ,L Jil 2' If 3 JL A A AA , . X , 'S I ' 57.5 2 f.A1:1? ,A, ., if' eff, :A ' ,. 5' f ' . 11.--hw 'x ,V-' '-. 1-' gf Q. ,' .guhf , ,,AlA A , .Af .A ,P . ya 9, ' ,M I - gf.. e-Af J .ff -X -'A' 'ff-Q 3 swf-fu' J ' . Z W' , 'ffm-4 AT' ' ai - f' f ' 1. 'M' .:!7.4A.we 'A ff .- Q ..-. .,. ' .. 'Q Ti' .. I . gigglfigp., f A' ' 'mf 'XJ'-'SL3 ' .15 , :if , -A f f 5 --f, fly! Q J J 'A J' iff 33 7 . .1 . If ., 1- H Er 5 Q J. :E Kg-gf -. ,f l 'x . , A , ,An-A. e fu- 1' a AA'-aw. 1 Y 211 A M . -.-5155190 'za-5l'1.fg4 '4 -., .-sim' 1 , ' 'N 'wr-ff llwgi E1 .' .H 4 .,:Afm1 Ag A .' ,A Aww 'wg 1 . -. .K 4 Ag. V -frql Y. fy., , V-L W3 .1214 15 .- A .Je-A .f ew -MQ A, A .A , . s A':21'.e, f.25l:,:f:P' 4 Nm-,.g -A.. A E .Q V A: V-Vi-'r . -.r,A ,Z .-135 .tt ,f',4'- g -- '.A-'E 1,-g'.a:.t,,, X' J 1 J! L: ,V Zfgiql 'fi 352, .: g f: A .-Affw. 1-1: 'A J ,' QA. ,1r.'- ..,,4z......3Zx...5,,,,,:,fA:,.-Lip! A 159:33-. , V , ,. : ,ijy . , li ' ' 3. :A '-jE :qv.f,1--5--?--231.5,I ,. : A A 531- :af iw f 1?ff:f'ef:1-ff' 1 ' v'4-'.f'U 'yuvx - A W,,,, .,. ' Vg ..-,Y -1:4 , M P,,.w.,d,y . y I H v' uf M1 'War' A9518 g-may 'fa if-.Lai l3O JIUNIIURS Eff ' Y . .. OFFICERS GEGRGE R. REINHARDT Presiclent JAMES T. HELSPER Vice-President J OI-IN A. SURMONTE Secretary RICHARD HASTINGS H is lforian NEIAEIS A.LEIO:l NEIELLEIN N :IO SSV'ID I3I QWZFI M SOIPHOMORIES OFFICERS PAUL EISEMAN w President PATRICK J. FRANK Vice-President DON BIRRELL Recording Secretary JOHN E. CONNELLY Corresponding Secretary ROBERT W. ALEXANDER Treasurer JAMES DALY Historian .LHD EI A.l.HO:l NEIELLEIN N :IO SSV'ID l33 -. y I34 IPRIES H MIEN A4 OFFICERS LOU IOZZI Pres iclent JOHN HEALY Vice-President FRANK GILBE RTS ON Recording Secretary EDWARD CI-IME LEVV SKI Treas urer GRANT STELTER H is torian BERNARD KIN LAVV Co rresponcling Secre tary JG SSV1D N33l3N N A1861 HN N I35 One day, white on a long train trip, Dr. Bernard J. Aipers wrote down someideas on diagnosis which had been germinating in his head for a long time. The following paper is the result. It was delivered before a student meeting in May, 1945, and it impressed all who heard it then with its logic, clarity, and good sense. The editors of The Clinic are proud to publish it for time first time. I36 THE METAPHYSICS OF DIAGNOSIS Ol' CAN YOU BELIEVE YOUR SENSES? Address detiver-ed befor-e the Atpers Neurological Society, May 15, 1945. By tI1is time, gentIemen, Iiaving reactled tI1e I1aIIowed and revered position of IourtI1 year men, you Iiave not onIy seen diagnoses made, but you yourseIves Ilave been responsiIJIe for estaI3IisI1ing tI1em. You must on sucI'1 an oc- casion reaIize tI1at I7eeIing oI gratification and power wI1icI1 comes with tI1e consummation of a responsiIJiIity, experienced by you aIone, a re- sponsiIJiIity for wI1icI1 yourseIves must answer. Vvitti it comes tI1at gIow wI1icI1 we must all Iiave experienced on first Iearning to waIIc, Izvut unIiIce the process of waIIcing, this is a con- scious, reasoned act and tI1ereIore one wI1icI1 you sI1ouId Ive aI1Ie to anaIyze stey Izmy step in order tI1at you may understand not onIy time tooIs oI WI1icI'1 you make use in tI1e process, Ifxut lI1e process oI diagnosis itseII7. Unfortunatety, it your experience has Ioeen IiIce mine-and I am sure it Imasr-'you Iiave proIJaIJIy never been enIigI1tenecI on Iiow diagnoses are made: what tI1e mentaI 'processes are Iay wI1icI1 you reacI1 tI1emg and Iiow you may avoid tI1e pitIaIIs oI diagnosis. You and I have Ioeen taught in great abundance tI1e symptoms and signs of disease: we Imave been shown I'1ow to piece tI1em togetI1er more or Iess mecI1anicaIIy: and when mechani- caI processes Iiave failed we Iiave Iaeen nurtured I3y tI1e instinctuaI vitamin, Ioy which we are Ied to IoeIieve that diagnosis often depends upon the uncanny capacity to arrive at a IogicaI con- cIusion Iay means of some unconscious process wI1icI1 we cannot Iattmom and sI1ouIcI not at- tempt to anaIyze ifwe couIcI. IVIy contention is simple: I IJeIieve that tI1e process of tI1e diagnosis of disease is IogicaI and rationaI: that it is dependent upon soIid metI1ocIs of approactl and study: and tI1at we ougI1t to Ine aware of tI1ese methods earIy ratI1er tI1an Iate in our clinical careers. Logic is tI1e NortI1 Star of our precIinicaI Iirmamentg for some unaccountaInIe reason it IaiIs to stiine in our cIinicaI Iirmament. Once we Iiave Ieft our precIinicaI years we are without Iogic. without a guiding star, without even a sextant to sigilt our courses. I propose to furnish you with a sextant and witI'1 a few guiding stars in tI'1e worId of diagnosis. I confess WitI1out Iurtiier argument tI1at tI1is is a most egotisticaI attempt: that it infers that I Imave the capacity and tI1e accom- pIisI1ment to provide you witI1 what we all IacIc. But I sI1aII disregard tI1e inference in order to recite what I Iiave Iong Wanted to say. PossiIJIy something may Ioe gained Iay tI1e endeavor even if it faIIs far sI1ort of its goaI. Mea.ningAof Diagnosis. Since Iogic is to Ire our guide I tIninIc it is adVisaIJIe to inquire first into the meaning of diagnosis. We mean Iay tI1e term an orderIy process of reasoning Iay means of wI1icI1, after tI1e careIuI accumuIation of data from 'aII sources. cIinicaI and IaI3oratory, it is then possiI9Ie to sift and discard, and finaIIy to regatI1er ,aII tI1e materiaI wI1icI1 is capaIJIe of expIaining adequateIy aII tI'1e symptoms and signs in a cIinicaI proIJIem. This process must aIways Ioe IogicaI, not dependent on unsup- ported inferences or prejudices, and must Ine IcapaIJIe of orderIy anaIysis. Our proIJIem oIavi- ousIy becomes one of asking ttlerefore wI1etI1er this definition can Ioe maintained in every cIini- caI proIoIem. and if so, Iiow it can be done. It is my contention ttlat it not onIy can be done, Inut that tile training necessary to accompIisI1 it sI1ouId begin earIy in our medicaI careers. 1. Accumulation of Data. It seems cIear, if our definition is correct, tI1at the first step upon presentation of a cIinicaI proIJIem consists of tIie accumuIation of data. This must mean all data, cIinicaI and Iatmoratory. In many cases onIy cIinicaI data are necessary: in many otI1ers intricate laboratory data are required. Regard- less of the amount of data necessary, the gather- ing of facts is the lirst step in a logical deduc- tion ancl no diagnosis can be regarded as logi- cal which does not wait for the gathering and analysis of the facts before a deduction in the form ol a diagnosis is made. Your fact gathering begins with the history, and here l must confess that I abandon reason lor a moment, lor it has been my disappointing experience with too many internes, to find that history talcing consists often of a glorified list ol chief complaints. All histories should be de- tailed: the more detail the better. No examina- tion is complete without a history, and no his- tory can be too complete. Your ellforts in this direction will be rewarded in many ways. The time will come when you are so pressed that you will be unable to seelc all the details you wish: a lull grounding in details when you are young will pay you dividends by permitting short cuts through leading questions, possible only because of your nose for details early in your careers. For some diseases such as epilepsy the history constitutes the most important part of the examination. On your analysis of whether there is loss of consciousness will depend your decision whether epilepsy is present. Only care and time can elicit this data. Similarly, only the virtues ol patience and care can reward you in worlcing out the progressive history ol a case of brain tumor: the remission in multiple sclerosis: the nature of the muscle weakness in myasthenia gravisg the personality changes in a case ol general paresis: the determination in a problem of dizziness as to whether true vertigo is present or not. These require time and patience, but the road of the scientist is hard and if you wish to be accurate you must gather your facts carefully and conscientiously or you must be content with mediocre performance. The talcing ol' a history is at times a contest of wits and at times a clash ol personalities. Patients almost never enjoy seeing the doctor and the anxiety attendant upon their visits to you will result often in repressions and inhibi- tions which cause the hiding of pertinent data. Under these circumstances the problem arises as to how aggressive and vigorous you can permit yourselves to he in obtaining the facts of a history, Under most circumstances you can be as aggressive as the patient will permit you to be, but there are some situations in which it is best not to force the facts by aslcing leading questions-as for example in obtaining the data concerning vertigo. But, let us return to our major problem-the construction of a diagnosis. You have begun the accumulation of data by the recording ol a de- tailed history. You may now proceed to the gathering of those facts made possible by the exlamination of the patient himself. I do not propose to bore you with details concerning this leature ot the problem, except to point out that you must train yourselves zealously in the art of observation. By so doing you become en- abled to malce accurate studies of your patientys symptoms and you come to respect your own recordings. Observations hastily made or in- adequately studied form no foundation for your luture experience, for your subconscious will reject what your conscious accepts, and you will distrust your own studies. l think it must require no emphasis on my part that you must learn to use all your senses, to be accurate in your observations--neither of which is possible ex- cept by determined application. There will come a time when you will be busy with many patients. You will do well by most of them, but you will malce mistalces. As Qsler said. The doctor who claims he never made a mistalce, never had a patient. It is natural for humans to err. It is impossible lor us always to be cor- rect in our analyses or judgments. Vvhen we err however, there must be no consolation for our- selves if our errors result from faulty observa- tions or from carelessness. There can be no excuse for carelessness since the nature of our responsibilities is such that we must, regardless of circumstances, talce time to be accurate. lVlis- talces of judgment, however, may permit us the consolation that it may not always be possible lor us to read correctly the facts in a case. It may be a blow to one's pride to find that a diagnosis has not been confirmed by operation or necropsy. The failure may have resulted from ignorance or faulty reasoning. For both or either of these we can console ourselves with the thought that it is not possible to lmow everything and that there are times when one's judgment is not as sharp as it should be. ll, however, one has been diligent in obtaining all the facts of a case, one has performed his duty creditably, and one has at least avoided the sin of carelessness. Finally, the accumulation of data is com- pleted by Laboratory studies which of course must differ from case to case depending on the problem under consideration. You have now reached the point at which it is possible to express an opinion concerning your problem in diagnosis. How do you proceed now to arrive at a logical conclusion? Arrival at Diagnosis. At this point I believe it is only fair on mytpart to indicate that from now on the views which l shall express are decidedly personal. Qbviously there are many ways ol arriving at a diagnosis, and the means of doing so differ with the doctor in charge. Vvhat l shall have to say reliects my approach to the problem of diagnosis. I shall aslc you therefore to accept it only on this basis, to serve as a means of discussion of the entire problem which l have attempted to outline. There are two methods prevalent in the ap- proach to a diagnosis. 1 assume in the first 'place that the data have been gathered, that they have been sorted, and that after sorting them, we are ready to reach some sort of conclusion. Here we are faced by two possibilities: fl, ar- rival at a diagnosis from the particular to the general, or t2l arrival at a diagnosis from the general to the specilic. l believe l can malce my point clear by further elaboration. lVly conten- tion is that it is best in the formulation of a diagnosis to proceed from the specific or par- ticular to the general rather than from the gen- eral to the specific. By this means a diagnosis becomes a problem in inductive reasoning, us- ing all the available data to lit into the specillic problem presented. Let us talce a 'problem in headache as an example, ln the problem in question you find that headache has been pres- ent for two years, that it has been associated with an 'increasing wealcness of the right side ot the body, that it is associated with choked disc and with signs of a right hemiparesis. Here the data point definitely to a lesion causing in- creased intracranial pressure. It is possible there- fore to assert that the specific cause ol the head- ache in this instance is increased intracranial pressure. It is not possible to assert its cause'-it may be tumor, abscess, hematoma, tuberculoma, gumma, or a number of other conditions. The point is that by means of the evidence at hand you and I have arrived at a diagnosis of head- ache due to increased intracranial pressure, sup- ported by all the available facts. This is diag- nosis by means of inductive reasoning: from this point the problem becomes one ol' specific cause ol the headache by a consideration of the vari- ous causes capable ot causing increased pres- sure. My corollary to this contention is that it is necessary in the majority of instances to con- sider only those possibilities supported by the lacts al' hand. It serves no useful purpose for example to consider in the hypothetical case which I have mentioned all the causes ot head- ache or all the causes ol hemiparesis. The re- sult of such a procedure is an exercise in dia- lectics in which reason is sacrificed to feats of memory. No one could possibly remember all the causes of headaches, or for that matter hemi- paresis, and diagnosis made in this fashion be- comes mechanical and diagnosis by exclusion. It the lacts warrant the consideration of un- usual cause of headache. such causes must be considered-but not until then. You may by this time have gathered that l believe that discussion of diagnosis from the general to the particular is neither logical nor sensible. Talce for example, the instance ot headache which ul have hypothecated. If we were to approach the problem by argument from the general to the specillic, we should then aslc ourselves all the causes ol headache and exclude one by one the various conditions which could cause headache. Mental exercise ot this sort becomes dangerous because diagnosis be- comes mechanical and an exercise in rote memory. It can serve no useful, purpose to con- sider all the causes of headache or coma or convulsions in a problem concerning one ol these symptoms. ln the first place, it is ridiculous to remember all the causes of these intricate and complex symptoms-'books are written so that we may refer to them for matters which it is useless for us to remember or in which we have had no experience. ln the second place, it is impossible to be logical in diagnosis by this means. It call attention also to the tallacious habit of lining up causes ol: symptoms in the order of their frequency. Here, too, I raise my voice in protest. What does it matter whether one thinks first of vascular causes or of peri- arteritis nodosa in a case ol' hemiplegia, so long as one considers all the possibilities? And what earthly use is it to consider let us say peri- arteritis nodosa if the facts do not call for a consideration of the condition? It is safer and more logical by tar to gather data and to reason from all the available facts than it is to list causes in an effort to pigeon hole and simplify. To recapitulate, diagnosis must be built up by the accumulation of data, by building up of the facts to lead to a logical analysis and by the exclusion of extraneous and unessential material. This I contend is impossible by the oft-used method of listing causes of symptoms in order of preference. It is inevitable in my estimation that there should be orientation along definite lines in the gathering of the data in a clinical problem. As one talces the history and performs the ex- amination the facts appear to fashion them- selves into a definite whole and one or more possibilities loom largest as the explanation for the problem. This we may refer to as the lead- ing possibility or possibilities. Almost invari- ably, however, there are facts which fail to satisfy a single possibility: for these definite ex- planations must be found, and it is these which lead to the consideration of other possibilities in diagnosis. I believe that the other possibilities which must be weighed are also those pertinent to the facts of the clinical problem. Some condi- tions explain some facts must better than others, and a consideration of these conditions follows along the lines established by the facts. ln other words, clinical problems deal entirely with pertinent possibilities and not with all possibilities. ln the vast majority of cases clini- cal problems can be settled by means of this method of approach: in some it is necessary to consider rare causes of disease, but only as l say because the facts warrant such considera- tion. You do not stop to consider the possibility of actinomycotic abscess of the brain as a routine procedure in brain abscess unless there are some facts obtained from the history which require a consideration of this possibility. Rare causes of disease will usually be considered be- cause the facts warrant their consideration. They should not be considered as part ot a serial list of causes of symptoms. . There are of course times when one considers lists of possibilities, but here too only in re- sponse to the demand of the facts and only because in some instances a specific causal diagnosis is impossible in some problems. Con- sider the problem of lymphocytic meningitis. The history of headache, the fever, the signs of meningeal irritation and the lymphocytic formula in the spinal fluid point to a lympho- cytic meningitis for which only general causes can be considered until the specific cause is established by laboratory tests or clinical ob- servations. Une thinlcs of course ofpoliomyelitis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, syphilitic menin- gitis and tuberculous meningitis. If rarer causes are to be considered it will be because none of the common conditions can be established or because there are data in the problem which force consideration of rare causes. ln the formulation of a diagnosis it is in- evitable that there should be encountered pit- falls which beset the path of the unwary--and even that of the experienced. It is impossible of course to lceep one's guard up constantly, but if one is forewarned, the possibility of er- ror may be minimized. There are certain falla- cies in the approach to a diagnosis which l should like to call to your attention. l. Fattacy of the Obvious. The first pitfall against which l must warn you is that of ac- cepting the obvious in medicine, or what may be termed the fallacy of the obvious. Nothing will bring you greater grief than tacit accep- tance of the obvious. It is as if nature, with sadistic pleasure, lures one on into a sense of false security, only to deal a lcnoclc-out punch when it may be too late to do any good. A few experiences of this sort and you will be- come wary. Possibly if you are forewarned you may escape the grief which the rest of us have experienced. Let me give you a few examples. The first is that of a little girl who was studied on the neurological service. She came to us with the story that she had been bitten a few weetcs previously by an insect over the left eye, follow- ing which her eye was badly swollen. She had not been well in the meantime: she was pep- less, had a little fever. When she came to the hospital her eye was not swollen but she had fever, signs of meningeal irritation and an in- crease of lymphocytes in the spinal Huid. She seemed to be a case of tuberculous meningitis, but the history of the insect bite and the de- scription of the swollen eye by the parents led to the suspicion that she might have had some sort of virus infection with a cavernous sinus thrombosis and a secondary meningitis by re- trograde thrombophlebitis. Fortunately this obvious conclusion was discarded because the facts demanded a diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Necropsy confirmed the diagnosis. Or, talce the example of an elderly man of 56 who entered the hospital in stupor with the story that he had suffered a head injury a few weelcs previously, that following this he had developed a personality change, that he suffered lapses of consciousness and severe intermittent headache. He was found on examination to have cholced disc and a slight degree of wealc- ness of the left leg. Here was an open and shut case of subdural hematoma, with a typical his- tory and characteristic findings. Fortunately, a history was obtained by direct questioning of the family of a cough over recent months and the diagnosis of a possible bronchogenic car- cinoma was made with metastasis to the brain. X-ray of the chest revealed a bronchogenic carcinoma, confirmed by necropsy, as was the metastatic lesion to the brain. The relationship of trauma to brain disease is an old and intricate problem: one which is full of pitfalls but one on which I cannot ex- pound at length at the present time. Another example, however, will help. This concerns a little boy of 12 who was struclc on the head by a hard green apple thrown playfully by one ol his companions. Save for momentary stunning he suffered no ill effects. In a few weelcs he began to complain of headaches which became increasingly constant and persistent--nothing more. After a few months of this he was brought to the hospital where examination revealed cholced disc and a slight left hemiparesis. Nothing could he clearer than a diagnosis of subdural hematoma in this case so without further ado trephine openings were made bi- laterally without, however, revealing the sus- pected lesion. A ventriculogram was then per- formed on the assumption that a brain tumor must be present, unrelated to the history of injury. The air studies revealed a right frontal lobe tumor. Craniotomy was performed but no tumor was found. Instead we were rewarded by the discovery of a brain abscess, though at no time were we able to obtain a history of sinus or mastoid disease. Or, talce the example of a young man of 52 who gives a history of failing memory and personality change over a period of six months, with headache prominent in recent months. Ex- amination revealed choked disc and a left facin- brachial wealcness indicating a right frontal lobe lesion. ln addition there were signs of extensive sinus disease. Here then with signs of increased pressure and a baclcground of sinus disease one would seem to be entitled to diagnose brain abscess. Two factors belted the diagnosis: first, the clear mentality of the patient and second, the absence of bradycardia. A diagnosis of tumor was made despite the infection, and at operation a tumor was found. One more example. This concerns a man of 35 years with a story that four years previously he had been studied on my service in the Jeffer- son Hospital with all the features of a sub- rachnoid hemorrhage, from which he had made a good recovery. Four months prior to his second admission he developed convulsions. aphasia, and a hemiplegia--all of which persisted. He was found to have hypertension, a right hemi- plegia and aphasia. ln a hypertensive with a history of a previous vascular accident and what appeared to be another vascular episode, one would be entitled to dismiss the problem as one of essential hypertension with hypertensive en- cephalopathy. Gnly one feature made the diag- nosis clilficult to accept'-'the occurrence of re- peated convulsions, an unusual feature of vascular disease. Un this basis a ventriculogram was performed, a brain tumor revealed, and a meningioma removed from the brain. I could give many more examples all of which would only belabor my point. l thinlc it 'must be clear that one must evaluate all the facts in constructing a diagnosis, and that one must not too heavily accentuate the obvious. Q. Fullacy of Diagnosis by Elimination. The second fallacy against which l must warn you is that of diagnosis by elimination. This mental exercise is practiced unfortunately much too frequently, If malcing a diagnosis is a logical procedure, then arrived at a conclusion by eli- mination is illogical and hazardous. Disease is present because, not unless. The diagnosis of encephalitis is frequently made by exclusion. So too is the diagnosis of a psychogenic dis- order. Arrival at a diagnosis of either of these disorders by exclusion is dangerous. l shall not labor this fallacy further. It requires no more mention because it is obviously wrong, and I shall have occasion to return to it. 5. Fallacy of Diagnosis by Erudition. My next fallacy 1 choose to term the fallacy of diag- nosis by erudition. The need for this arises in- variably as the result of difficult problems in diagnosis. The facts fail to fit the seemingly logical diagnosis: hence one is led to burrow into the recesses and cellars of one's mind or in the medical literature in order to find an esoteric explanation ol the lacts. Vvhen such. a search leads one to the correct solution, you will find nothing to give you greater satisfaction. But let me warn you that enthusiasm must he tempered with caution lest you come to grief. More often your diligence in such instances will lead you to force the facts,-'and rememher that there are times when erudition is dangerous. There are those ol us who lilce to find rare causes for common conditions, a state of mind which leads too often to the exercise ot dialectics lor its own salce. But of course erudition is not in itself had. There are times when it is extremely helpful and times when one is grateful for its possessor. Talce the example ol a young man ol 29 who entered the hospital with a perfectly ohvious story and picture of an incomplete oc- clusion ot the posterior-interior cerebellar artery. The anatomical diagnosis was simple, as it al- ways is in this condition, hut there appeared to he no cause for the occlusion-no arterio- sclerosis. no syphilitic vascular disease, no hypertension. In a search for an unusual cause a few glands were found in the neclc and a diag- nosis ol Hodglcins disease was made, con lirmecl hy laiopsy and later hy necropsy. Or, talce the example of hrain tumor sus- pected of laeing metastatic in nature, hut with- out a source tor the carcinoma to he found. Deep in the recesses of one,s mind comes the knowledge that carcinoma ol the nasopharynx is frequently overlooked in such cases-and one finds in an instance which ul have in mind, a minute granulomatous mass at the opening ot the eustachian tuhe found on lJi0psy to he a carcinoma. But let us loolc at the other side of the wall paper. Talce the case ot an elderly lady ot 62 who complains of severe headache, who is lcnown to have polycythemia vera and who is found on examination to have cholied disc and a suggestive enlargement ol the sella turcica. Erudition tells us that cholced disc occurs not infrequently in polycythema vera, that the ex- perience ot many competent 'investigators teaches us that ventriculography and explora- tion have never revealed either tumor or hema- toma to explain such cases'-and the conclusion is reached that in the case in point the poly- cythemia is responsilale for the symptoms. That was my conclusion in this case, hut the patient, not content with my erudition, consulted a neurosurgeon in another hospital who was more slceptical that l was, and who did not put too much stoclc in erudition. He performed a ven- triculogram, found a very slight hut suggestive deformity, operated, and found a suhdural hematoma which relieved completely the lady's symptom. My next example could equally as well he categorized as the fallacy ol not emphasizing common sense hut it involves the lesson ot erudition and l insert it here. This has to do with a middle-aged lady who complained ol headache and increasing wealcness ol: one side ol the loody, l laelieve the lelt. She had a lump on her head which appeared to he a hyper- ostosis and she had signs which seemed to indicate the presence of a larain tumor. X-ray studies revealed a hyperostosis with typical spicule formation such as one sees in a menin- gioma and the diagnosis appeared to he es- tahlished. Unfortunately diligence outran coin- mon sense lor in this instance we went loolcing for trouhle, Because ol the 'patients age and a history ot cough, an x-ray of the lungs wa.s made and a hronchogenic carcinoma revealed. Still skeptical, x-ray studies were made of the spine and a destructive lesion of one of the vertelorae disclosed. There could he no doulat now that the lady had a hronchogenic carci- noma with metastases, and since erudition re- vealed that a hyperostosis in the slcull similar in all respects to that of meningioma could he produced hy carcinoma, all the facts in the case appeared to he satisfied and the patient was dis- charged without operation, having had the benefit of radiological and neurosurgical con- sultations. Unfortunately she came to necropsy. No loronchogenic carcinoma was found and the hrain tumor, as originally suspected, was found to he a meningioma. 4. Fallacy of illogical Emphasis of the Psychogenic. The next fallacy is one which lies very close to my heart. l refer to it as the fallacy of illogical emphasis of the psychogenic. These are days ol emphasis ol the personality and emotional factors in disease, and rightfully so. l should he a fool to quarrel with this concept, constituting as it does one of the great advances ol medicine in the last '25 years. My quarrel is with the illogical method in which we use this knowledge. It is a common experience with us all to Find that where the facts do not lit snugly into a definite formula, to assert that the proh- lem is ol: psychogenic origin or that there is a psychogenic overlay. Both these approaches are titled with danger and may rightfully he re- ferred to as the Scylla and Charyhdis ot the diagnosis channel. ln the first place, psychogenic disorders if diagnosed must he established on the hasis ot facts consisting oi the specific features oi the disorder and their proper motivations. Neuroses and psychoses have specitic symptoms and re- quire no diagnosis hy exclusion for their de- tection. lVloreover, though motivations are im- portant they are not always what they seem. All of us will rattle it shalcen hard enough, and even a cursory search will reveal skeletons in all our closets. Therefore. though motivation is important it must he considered in its proper place. Wliat is more, you will find many psychogenic disorders for which you will he unahle to reveal any motivation whatever, no matter how much you muddy up the Waters of the unconscious. Nloreover your patients will often. get well without detection ol the motivat- ing factors loehind a neurosis. Conversely, the motives may he perfectly clear hut the symptoms remain. The second aspect ol the psychogenic lallacy is equally importantg namely, the assertion that a patient has structural disease with a psycho- genic overlay, This is almost always a euphem- ism hy means ol' which one confesses that he is unable to lit all the facts to explain the clinical prohlem. If you suspect a psychogenic disorder, do not dispose ol your prohlem with a sweep ol the hand hy asserting that there is a psychogenic overlay. By this gesture you sweep all your facts into the lnaslcet while you yourself hecome lulled into a false sense ot security and carelessness. Approach your proh- lem lay a study of the social history and person- ality and then see whether your patientls symp- toms tit the personality and emotional structure. l could go on to give endless examples oi the psychogenic fallacy, hut before l. pass to a few -let me call your attention to the fact that so- called psychogenic disease often covers up structural or organic disorders, or to put it dit- ferently, structural disorders often masquerade in psychogenic garments. The symptoms ol hyperinsulinism are a case in point, for they are often first regarded as' psychogenic in origin until they are finally spotted lor what they are. Talce the case of a lady ol 45 who suffered for several years from what was diagnosed as migraine. She had received all sorts ol treat- ment, none ol it effectual, as is olten the case in migraine. Since her doctors could not ex- plain the persistence of her symptom she was suspected of heing neurotic and a maze of ma- terial was disclosed indicating that she was frustrated and inhihited. l was aslced to see her tor her neurosis, hut on questioning her l he- came convinced that she had not only very severe headaches hut that she had in addition an organic syndrome with memory loss and personality change. Fortunately the diagnosis was easy, lor she was found to have cholced disc and operation revealed a larain tumor. The following example will illustrate my point. The patient was a lady ol 35 who com- plained oi numerous somatic symptoms refer- rahle to all parts ol the laody lout particularly ot wealcness ot one side. She had ample motiva- tion tor the psychogenic disorder which l de- cided she had. She was a Dutch lady who had had a most unhappy home lite, and had left home in order to seelt an operatic career, an amhition which was frustrated early in lite. She was childless and married to a Greek who was volatile and intolerant, and her home lite was most unhappy. 'Here was ample background iqor hysterical symptoms which she was pre- sumed to have. She was treated lor several years on this hasis. It was not until l had oh- served her for two years that I realized that the lady was developing a hemiparesis Linder my eyes. Pneumogram revealed a suspected hrain tumor. Dr. Jaeger removed a meningioma and the lady is no longer a neurotic. Consider the problem of a lady ol 65 who came to me hecause she was psychotic. The story which she and her family gave indicated that she had a psychosis, with memory loss, personality change, episodes oi confusion, and a paranoid trend. She gave a history, however, ol loss ol vision in the right eye 10 years previ- ously and of failing vision in the letti eye for 3 months. The entire complexion of the prohlem was changed thereby. Examination revealed optic atrophy ol the right eye, heginning atrophy ol the left eye, and a temporal hemianopsia ol the left eye. A diagnosis ol pituitary tumor was made, confirmed hy x-ray which revealed a typical loallooned out sella turcica. The mental symptoms were attrihuted to compression of the orhital surfaces of the frontal lohes. Uperation relieved the psychotic symptoms and restored vision in the failing eye-'that of the blind eye was hopelessly gone. There are two points of interest in this case. One is that for years this lady's symptoms were disposed ol as neurotic and later as psychotic--1 an obvious error. The second point of interest is that the personality trends in organic brain disease have no specific significance. They re- Hect the basic personality freed of its inhibi- tions. Therefore, if I were to lcnow the person- ality of everyone in this audience I could predict the type oi trends which would appear with organic brain disease'-predominantly paranoid, depressed, manic, etc. 5. Fallacy of Diagnosis by Laboratory Tests. A few words are in order l believe concerning the fallacy oi diagnosis by laboratory tests when such tests fail adequately to explain the clinical problem. This has many facets, all of which require that you and I maintain that balance and that degree of skepticism which is essential for good diagnosis. If a surprise positive Was- sermann test when syphilis is not suspected fails to satisfy the logical demands of the clinical problem, it must be repeated until you are satis- fied that it is correct. If a B M R fails to con- form to the facts you must stand by your clini- cal facts and forget about the elevated or de- creased B M R. The same holds true of other laboratory tests. You and I must judge of their value lor we are the final arbiters of the problem. I can give you a pertinent example which concerned a lady of 45 years. She was well until she suddenly developed wealcness of the right side of the body,'while tallcing on the telephone where she received news of the death of a neighbors son whom she had known all her life. She was put to bed and within a few days began to recover the power ol her limbs. After about 5 days she developed a right sided convulsion at which point l was aslced to see her. She had a right hemiparesis, and a little headache, but she was mentally dull. She had no signs of increased pressure. Despite this a diagnosis of a left frontal lobe tumor was ot- iered and she was put through a series of studies. All were normal including the spinal Huid pressure which, far from being high, was unusually low-100 to 110 mm. of water. She continued to have right sided fits, however, an unusual feature of vascular disease, and on this basis-a pneumogram was done which re- vealed in the eyes of some no deformity of the ventricles and in the eyes of others a question- able defect. So slight was the detect, however, that on the whole the finding was not con- sidered important. All the studies were normal, but they failed to conform to the facts. Consequently, after much pondering it was decided to explore and a very malignant glioma was found, confirmed by biopsy. Here then is an example of the fact that when the laboratory studies fail to conform to the data, you must stand by your clinical impres- sions, 6. Fallacy of Diagnosis by Unitary Disease. Finally, let me briefly point out that while the habit of explaining the clinical problem on the basis of a single cause is praiseworthy, there will be instances in. your experience in which more than one cause is operative. In doubtful cases therefore, you are entitled to thinlc of multiple causes. The following is a case in point: The subject was a lady of 62 years who was diagnosed hysteria by her doctor. She was siclc when seen and had a perfectly obvious hemiparesis, with- out signs ot' increased pressure. She had had a granulosa cell tumor removed from her pelvis 20 years previously and had had a recurrence removed 5 years ago. She had signs of chest involvement which were assumed to be due to a pneumonitis. The possibility of a metastatic lesion appeared to be very good but the dis- semination of a granulosa cell tumor did not sit well. I made so bold therefore as to suggest that the patient had a granulosa cell tumor but that she might also have a bronchogenic car- cinoma with metastasis to the brain, quite in- dependent ol the granulosa cell tumor. Necropsy revealed precisely this. Last of all, do not hesitate to confess that you do not lmow the diagnosis in a specific instance. There are problems which defy diag- nosis, even where the necropsy material is avail- able, and you will do both yourselves and your patients more good by confessing that you can- not malce a diagnosis, than you will by forcing the facts or by establishing for yourselves a false sense of security when the data fail to warrant it. My message is simple--diagnosis by logic and reasoning, and where these are impossible, no diagnosis. ANSWERING THE CALL Ar 4.00 P. lVl. on July 5, 1945, the ringing of the telephone hrolce the silence ot Dr. Hohart A. Reimann's ottice. This was not an ordinary call. The U.N.R.R.A., at the urgent request ol: the U. S. Army and of the Chinese Govern- ment, was assembling a commission to go to China to determine what could he done to stem the tide ol a cholera epidemic sweeping Southern China and threatening to talce a higher toll of lives than a full scale Japanese offensive. Vvould Dr. Reimann he interested in joining this commission? By all means he wasl His experience as Associate Professor of lVledi- cine at Pelcing Union Nledical College in Peking 1927-1930 qualified him tor this mis- sion. To an internist this was an opportunity that may never Colne his way again. Being a true internist, striving always to unravel facts from the unlcnown, the doctor accepted this challenge. After wading through a quagmire of Gov- ernment red tape, heing immunized against six or seven tropical diseases, and 'passing a com- plete physical examination, the seven-man com- mission, composed of two doctors, two Pulolic Health experts, two sanitary engineers, and a laacteriologist, toolc oft from La Guardia Field at 6 P.lVl. on July 22. ahoard a C-54 transport plane, These men were to he Hown some 24,000 miles, much ot the way on the hard loottomed huclcet seats which the Air Transport Command Features in some ol? its planes, hetore they could set foot on their native soil again. Leaving New Yorlc on that hot, rainy, sum.- mer afternoon, little did our Professor of Medi- cine realize that he would he ohliged later to hitch hilce part ot the way home on a hospital transport plane, jammed with tuloerculous vic- tims of the Bataan Death lVlarch, who were enroute to sanitoriums haclc home. Dr. Reimann drew an assignment to a town 15 miles from Chunglcing. The capital teeming with refugees was a hothecl of infection. There were 2500 lcnown cases ol' cholera and hundreds ot other victims who suffered, and died, because there was not enough of the simplest lorm ot medical resources available to them. He was to see men dying in the streets, lying in pools of vomitus and diarrhea, hegging for water, with no one to aid them hecause the Chinese helieve that anyone aiding a patient striclcen with the disease immediately assumes lull responsihility for that patient's care. Such were the harriers of custom, ignorance and primitive facilities which this commission en- countered. At the stone movie house which hecame a l l hospital, and in which Dr. Reimann at once began to worlc, there were seventy-two heds on hare paclced earth lloors. The doctor was the only foreigner- on the staff, and if it had not heen that he years ago had traveled through China and lcnew the tongue, the language diffi- culties would have been severe. During his assignment Dr. Reimann became convinced that cholerays high mortality rate-1 generally considered to he hetween 50 and 70 per cent can he reduced to a remarlcahly low tive per cent under proper treahnent. Fluids, fluids, and more fluids hy mouth, hy vein or hy the intrasternal route with Dr. Tocantins' needle, is all that is needed. The diarrhea and vomiting drains away the hody tluids so rapidly that the victims simply dry out and shrivel up. He saw patients unconscious and with harely detectalale heartheats improve amazingly while fluid was heing injected. An ingenious method developed at the Rockefeller Institute for quiclcly and accurately determining the specific gravity of the hlood using a copper sulfate solution made it possihle to determine accurately how much fluid need he given. Qnce a patient's hody lluids have been re- stored and his resistance has been built up he has little trouhle with the causative organism, Vihrio comma. The new antihiotic drug, streptomycin, was given a trial in this cholera epidemic, hut without evidence of a curative action. Dr. Reimann is convinced that cholera epi- demics can hest he prevented not hy installing huge and expensive water purification systems, hut hy teaching the Chinese masses hy means of simple posters that they can easily under- stand, the first principles of personal hygiene: namely to hoil all water hetore drinking it, to coolc foods long enough to kill Vihrio comma, and to wash foods to he eaten uncooked in hoiled water. We instinctively wanted to lcnow what were Dr. Reimannys secret thoughts, desires, fears, or reactions during the six weelcs that he spent in the territically hot, muclcy, damp climate of Southern China, Our curiosity was satisfied on the First Thursday afternoon clinic in Medi- cine that Dr. Reimann conducted after his re- turn home. At that time he told us that he often wondered while he was out there alone, Hvvhat would happen to me it I should contact this dangerous, highly contagious disease? But the reassurance that comes with a well dis- ciplined mind, trained in logical reasoning, con- vinced him that il he practiced the rules of personal hygiene which he preached to his patients he surely would not hecome infected. With this assurance he plunged deeper into his worlc with the determination to see it through. The students ol Jefferson Medical College talce pride in saying to our Professor of Medi- cine, ncongratulations on a joh well done. PH r N K ALPHA SKHMA OFFICERS VVM. A. OCCJNNELL ............. ....... P resident JOHN PAUL DECKER ,...... .... V ice-President . .. . .. . . . . .Treasurer WM MACDONNELL . . . .... Assistant Treasurer RICHARD T SHAAR A. JOSEPH CAPPELLETTI .... . . ..... Secretary I48 FRATRES IN FA C ULTAT E C. R. Heed, MD. XV. B, Swartley, Nl.D. el. L. Richards, Nl.D. T. K. Rathmell, NLD. L. C. Scheliiey. MD. R. VV. Mohler, M.D. VV. B, Davis, Nl.D. C. C. Fox, MD. J. B. Nlontgomery, N'l.D.S. West, NLD. J. F. Carrell, Nl.D. H, S. Rambo, NLD. D. R. Nlaccarroll, MD VV. T. Lemmon, MD. C. E. G. sl-.......0n, w1.o.R. Chan, MD. E. Britt, MD. E. Higgins, MD. SENIQRS A A. Joseph Cappelletli Ralph A. Caraloasi Anthony Chmelewslci George A. Carlaerry Vito Louis Coppa Thomas William Daly John Paul Decker Leo Simoncelli Joseph B. Krisanda Edwin A. NlcGovern William A. Dvconnell Thomas Patrick Dominic A. Kujda John L. Redmond, Jr. George Rellerdy Daniel S. Harrop, Jr. George VVelJer John Keller James Joseph Fiedler Louis Frank La Noce Joseph C. Ruhr James Nl. O'Leary George Erilcsen, Jr. Robert J, Sullivan IUNIORS Joseph Nl. Danyliw John J. Gaffney Jolm M. Koval Joseph P. NlcGee, Jr. Edwin Nl. Nlszanowshi C. F. Broolce Smith Vvilliam L. Fidler, lil Joseh P. Greeley Vvilliam J. Lussy Raymond N. NlacAndrew George R. Reinhardt Wm. A. Terheyden. Jr. Charles G. Foster Richard G, Kirchner Vvilliam V. NlcDonnell Edward J. Nleehan Richard T. Shaan- SOPH OMORE S Robert C. Laning Nvilliam J. Cassidy Ernest G. Shander John H. Griggin, Jr. Rolnert J. Caralnasi James VV. Daly Larry B. Gale Edward J. Jahnlce, Jr. Charles P. Carson John B. .Atlcinson ' Sidney Roy Cable Theodore E. Patrick Donald J. NlcDonald Charles C. Goodman Ralph Schlosser FRESHMEN Tom Pielcenhroch Nlortimer Wells Paul de Villers Carl Zenz Edward Chmelewslci Thomas Head John Apple Alfred Snyder Robert Vetto 1 PHI RHO SIGMA OFFICERS ' ROBERT YANNACCONE ........., ...... P resident DENNIS BOYLE ......,...... ..., V ice-President WILLIAM HUGHES' ...... ....... S ecretary SIDNEY M. BASHORE ..... .......... T masmf JAMES CORRIGAN ...... ..... S efgeanI-aI-AfmS ll , ISO FRATRES IN FACULTATE T. Aceto, NLD. NL A. Castallo. NLD. L. P. Hansen, Ph.D. C. B. Lull, NLD. A. Perri, NLD. P. SWVCHSOII, C. I-I. Turner, NLD. E.. F. Burt, NLD. J. LDeCarlo, NLD. P. J. Kennedy, NLD. N. NL NLacNeiLL NLD. L. J. Roderer, Nl.D. J. VVilson, NLD. E. G. Vvilliamson, NLD. J. F. Coppolino, NLD. B. Cviletto, NLD. R. NL Lukens, NLD. J. F. NJcCaL1ey, NLD. J. H. Scarano, NLD. VV. J. Tourish, NLD. SENIORS J. J. Bongiovanni F. J. Shannon F. E. Schramm J. S. Puleo A. Lee E. VV. Tobia VV. V. Nlatteucci IUNIORS D. J. Abolofia J. A. Surmonte R. B. Funch S. NL Bashore VV. W. Nloore A. J. Kraft J. N. Aceto R. Yannaccone R. S. Funch SOPHOMORES J. Amaclio J. Corrigan G. Risi P. Frank D. Boyle W. Hughes S. Vassalotti J, Carroll P. IVIcGetrigan R. Roclriquez FRESHMEN V. Bressler G. Popp S. Gusciora A. Smith NL Nleyer J. Xfeve J. Paul P. Eichman H. Rodriquez L.. Iozzi R. Swann G. Nlourat C. A. Canis N. Powers VV. Hart R. Strunk C. Nlay PK' PH VVILLIAM JOHN WOODWARD RICHARD MORAN SPROCH WILLIANI II PETERSON DONALD RIEGEL VVATKINS ..... RTCHARD VVILLIAM SKINNER ..... . . CHARLTS JOSEPH DEVVAN ...... JAMES B. LOFTUS ........... OFFICERS PAUL CLAIR EISEMAN ........... g BETA .........A1-chon . . .Vice Archon . . . . . . .Secretary . . . . ...Treasurer .House Manager . . . . . . .Historian Social Cll.Clil'V7lCl,Yl .. . . . . .Chaplain 152 FRATRES IN FACULTATE Cl1EI1'lCS Gl'LllJCl', Horace J. Vvilliams, NLD. N. A. Nlichels, SC.D. Geor e A. Bennett Nl.D g , . Al'lCll'0XV IQEIITISEIY, l.. EF. Appleman. Nl.D. L. S. Carey, MD. H. F. Haines, Nl.D. John VV. Holmes, NLD. F. H. l'lusteacl, Nl.D. J. B. Lownes, MD. P. A. Nlccartlly, lVl.D. F. J. Putney, Nl.D. W. M. Hart, 'Ph.D. J. L. Roarlc, MD. C. T. Towson, NLD. C. E. Lawson, NLD. A. J. NfVi1gCl'S, Nl.D. D. NlcGrew. NLD. W. C. XfVilson, MD. C. W. Wirls, NLD. Frecl VV. Ellis, Pl1.D. E. Ross Hart, J. Stasney, Nl.D. Nl. Noble Bates, l9l1.D. Thomas Nl. Scotti, NLD. 'Harry J. Knowles, NLD. Francis Nl. Forster, NLD Freclericlc B. Yvagner, Jr., , MD. J. R..d0l.,r. Jaeger, MD. SENIORS Theoclore S. Cone Paul B. Heuston Paul J. Dowclell Charles A. Knowles Vvilliam Nl. Kane Henry G. Gallagher Eclwarcl F. Gliwa George F. Nlincle Joseph P. GitClOlllSlil Thomas J. 'Kennedy Charles VV. Korloonits Thomas Pastras l'lerlJert L. Vvalter IUNIORS Joseph T. Zulcowslci Charles J. DeVVan Thomas VV. Nloran, lll Joseph A. Diorio Edgar C. Smith Anclrew J. Vkfelwler Donalcl R. Xvatlcins Leo J, Corazza Vvilliam C. Davis Dante E. Nlarino James T. Helsper Richarcl Nl. Sproch Davicl VV. Bostian Vvilliam J. Xfvooclwnrcl Charles B. Hanes Allrecl Broclcunier, Jr. SOPH OM ORE S Thomas E. Douglas James B. Loftus Robert G. Brown James J. O'Conner, Jr. Earl S. Nloyer Vvilliam E. 'Peterson Richarcl VV. Slcinnez Richarcl J. Potter Paul C. Eiseman Charles G. Francos Alloert J. Fingo George J. O'Donnell FRESHMEN Richarcl A. Carlson Stanley F. Nahity Grant D. Stelter Jael: R. Woodside JEIITICS lVl0IlHgl1Hl1, Robert l... Creso Charles R. Hamilton Richarcl P. Avoncla Henry Nl. Perry John F. Nlorrissey C. Donald Frey George Nl. Clelan Joseph J. Gormley Parlc VV. Huntington V w NU SIGMA OFFICERS W. U. REIDT ..... .............. ..... P re siclent J. M. BARSKY ....... ..... V ice-President J. E, CCNNOLLY ..... ..... S ecretary W. F. COX, IH .... ..... T reasurer li I54 N FRATRES IN E. L.. Bauer, NLD. T. A. Shallow, Nl.D. H. A. Reimann, lVl.D. J. R. Nlartin, Nl.D. A. Vvallcling, Nl.D. G. G. Duncan, Nl.D. E. B. Hume, Nl.D. VV. Livingston, Nl.D. J. R. Hoclges, Nl.D. J. T. Earls, Nl.D. G. Nl. Nelson, Nl.D. C. Nl. Spangler, Nl.D. R. Nloore, Nl.D. FACULTATE R. R. Layton, MD. T. S. Nloore, Nl.D. VV. P1-LIUCLIIIIT1, Nl.D. R. Boolclmammer, NLD T. J. Costello, Nl.D. L. Laplace, Nl.D. T. D. Cuttle. NLD. L. Nlanges, Jr., Nl.D. VV. Vvealcley, Nl.D. P. I-l. Roeoler, Nl.D. NI. l'linelJaugt1, Nl.D. A. J. Blair. Nl.D. SENIORS Duncan D. Walker, Jr. Charles E. Hannon, Jr. Gamewell A. Lemmon Nliclmael J. NlcAndrews, J . Nlulrray Dolplmin Harry Earl Ficller Jolm L. Nlccormiclc Riclmrcl P. Stlugart Harry C. Smitli Roloert R. Lacoclc Ben S. Perlcins Jolm H. Pctre, Jr. Eclwarcl B. Balncoclc I UNI GRS J. R. Bowen, Jr. l.-. F, Burlcley Lawrence Calmall Donald H. NIeGee Davicl B. Heller Jeremiall H. Lee J. Nl. Barslcy, Jr. C. J. Roclgers Roloert Nl. Swarlley Arlliur R. Vauglmn, Jr. Jolin F. Struve Vvilliam A. Pllillips VV. F. Cox, III Vvilliam U, eiclt Elmer H. Funlf, Jr. Jolmn Healey Nzxtlmaniel Yingling S OPH OIVIORES Rolaert A. Berger Tliomns AR. Broolcs E. R. Browneller Craig R. Clarlc John E. Connolly Joseph Conroy James H. Evans Cliarles D. Foster, III Roloert D. Hasteclt Barrett H. Heclcler Ricliard L. L'lul3er James F. Kleclmer Jol1n NI. Kolxl Norlnan J. Qtlirmrm Rolnert Sturr Curtis H. Swartz David VV. Tllomas, Jr George Yurla FRESHNIEN I-I. J. Hurrley, Jr. Eclwarcl Purcell Roloert S. Brennan Robert P. Fellmann Franlclin Gliloertson James J. Rafler Robert Taylor David J. Keclc Harolcl Easling F. Harvey Nlorse THETA KAPPA OFFICERS JOHN J. HANLON. JR. ............ ....... P resident LAURANCE A. MOSIER ..... ..... V ice-Pnesident FRANCIS R. SCHXNARTZ ..... ........ S ecre 1 my G. ROBERT SENITA ...... ..... T reasurer i., ISE: FRA TRES IN FACULTATE G. R. Bancroft, PILD., SCD. J. Cheienclen, NLD. J. O. Cricier, NJ.D. H. B. Decker, MD. T. R. Fetter. Ni.D. SEN! ORS Harold H. Alclerfer Homer VV. Boysen Herbert V. Jordan, Jr G. Robert Senita Dwight AR. Ashhey. Jr. C. Thomas Flolte -. r EEN , 'ref X J R. s. ofrfml., MD. ' . y I -Q F yy C. w. Krssle.-, MD. . . . .E . J. B.. Ludy, NLD. . i - A. , ',f.,gf - '- X V fm. D. JI.. Nlorgan, NLD. 6 V J 3- ffl ! 5 1 BL 1.,A , H: NT' ' K VV, H. Perkins, NIJD. 3. . W... 3. 0' 'I ' Vvood' 5 , V J Wir, 3 rn . .... . ....., V ,.-u M. . ' - 7 '. 1 'A . ' ' . gf: v',-f.,f'j.4f, 4f.'..f!I 2 A2 . egg ' ' 2 . - if. R1 . .... W . E :. .j .. f ..... ..f ' .,., . . . Frederic C. Lechner, Bernard D. Sherer Nlahlon Z. Bieriy John J. I-Ianlon, Jr. Joseph Niazmanian IUNIORS Robert H. Baker Byron T. Eheriy Benjamin Lawrence Charles E. Nlilier Bruce V an Vranhen Lawrence F. Casale John R. Helff Gail G. L. Li Laurance A. Nlosier J. Nlackie Corson John G, Jones John J. Nleehan Rohert G. Rhoda SOPHOMORES Leonard F. Bender Rudolph De Persia Charles I-I. Loomis Daniel L. Shaw Donald G. Birrell Roy Deck Stephen E. Pascucci Thomas A. E. Datz Gordon Liu Francis R. Schwartz FRESHMEN Gerald Breneman Nlarvin Linden Phelps Potter Henry J. Teufen, Jr. Sam Cleveland Robert H. Henderson Fred D. Nlacvvilliams Robert E. Schulz George Voigt John Healy Thomas D. Nlichael Gerard NI. Shannon Nlartin Wairath if i U. i ' -I .. OFFICERS KENNETH R. KNOX .................... PAUL H. JERNSTROM ........... ..... JOHN R. ,GRIFFITH ......... . WILLIAM O. CURRY .......... . WILLIAM M. WOODWARD .... . CHESTER F. CULLEN ......... . F. WILLIAM HENDERSON .... . MELVIN E. HAAS ........... JOHN R. REYNOLDS ...... THOMAS M. WILEY ....... DONALD M. F EIGLEY .... . P H I C . . .Presiding Senior .Presiding Iunior . . .Judge Advocate ...... . . .Secretary ....,....Trweasurer Assistant Treasurers Historian Guides H FACULTY NL E. Reluluss, NLD. J. M. Surver, MD. F. R. Miller, MD. L. Nl. Ranlcin, NLD. B. L. Gordon, lVl.D. MEMBERS V. H, Nloon, NLD. J. E. Tliomas, lVl.D. A. E. Kaufman, NLD. J. H. Dagger, MD. A. S. McCallum, MD. SENIORS William D. Brandon Harry L, Collins, Jr. William O. Curry, Jr. Jolin R. Cvrillitla Roloert A. Grugan Robert A. Haines Frank VV. Henclerson Henry VV. Hogan Allen VV. Jones Kenneth R. Knox John P. l..ul'1r Forrest E. Lumplcin, Jr. William O. Nluelilliauser Roloert Nelson Ricliarcl G. Saleeloy Roluert G. Stevens Jolin S. Vvallcer J. Donalcl Vventzler Tliomas Nl. Wiley Bruce Nl, Vvimer William Nl. Vvooclwarcl IUNIORS Eclwin Boyle, Jr. Vvilliam J. Browning, lll Lutlier F. Corley J. l'l. Smitli Fousliee Nlelvin E. Haas Ricliarcl A. Hastings William Herriclc Cliarles N. Hiclcman Paul H. Jernstrom Alloert R. Jones, Jr. Lewis E.. Jones S. Victor King Eclwarcl J. Klopp Jolin A. Koltes, Jr. Jolin J. lVlcKeown J. U. Oliver Karl B. Pace Jolm R. Pender. lll Jolm R. Reynolcls Albert G. Sclaran Peter H. Sliersliin T. Lane Stolces George F. Tibbins Eclwin Nl. Topp, Jr. SOPHOMORES Ricliarcl P. Alexancler Robert W. Alexanrler Cllarles VV. Anclerson Vvilliam l'l. Anncsley Nelson P. Aspen Nlillarol N. Croll Cliester F. Cullen Robert R, Falaringer Donalol Nl. Feigley Jolin B. Gearren Gilbert Nl. Holfniian Rolnert NlcCoy Jolin E. HlIQ'llCS James VV. Kress Davicl S. Nlaslancl Vvilliam A. Ransom Celestin J. Rominger Daniel S. Rowe Ricllarcl A. Scliolfielcl Vvilliam B. Sliope Eclwartl Scull Eclwarcl Smitli Jolm C. Turner FRESH MEN Lawrence Boggs Davicl Boolier Vvalter Boyer Norbert Croolcston Fred Declc Rinarcl Hart Charles Huff Rolancl Jonlcins Bernarcl Kinlaw Paul Kutz Cliarles Miller Artliur Orliclge Kay Slioemalcer Harold Strauss A, vu, A P HI ws., DELTA EPSILON OFFICERS AARON BANNETT ...............,. .... S enior Council ISADORE ROSE ..... . Q . .Senior Senator ........Scribe ALAN BLUIVIBERG .... W, LLIAM ABRAIVIS ..... . . . . . Tl'8GSUfTGf DAVID KREV SKY ....... ......... H is torian NIELVIN SCHVVARTZ ..... .... S ergearll-at-Aljms X i 160 FRATRES IN FACULTATE B. J. Alpers, NLD. B. Weiss, Nl.D. B. Lipsliutz, NLD. .L B. Bernstine, Nl.D. D. VV. Kramer, NLD. R. Cluocloff, Nl.D. D. NL Broolcs, NLD. H. Golcllaurgh, Nl.D. A. Capper, NLD. A. Reclmtmann, Nl.D. J. Waldman, Nl.D. N. Sclilezinger, Nl.D A. Ralcolzf, NLD. D. Nl. Farrell, NLD. A. A. Burros, NLD. G. lsrael, NLD. J. Aspel, NLD. A. Brunswiclc, NLD. A. Cohen, Nl.D. Nl. S. Sussman, NLD SENIORS Aaron Bannett Nlyron Basli Howard lsaacson Seyrriour Krevslcy Harold Nleyer Sidney Orr lsaclore Rose I UNIORS Alan Blumlaerg William Abrams Robert .laslow Davicl Krevslcy Nlelvin Samuels Riclmrcl Smigelslcy Cllestwer Trossman Harold A. Wurzel SOPHOMORES C. Harold Colm Nlelvin Schwartz Nlurry Kalm Harry Zuts Ralph Lev Stanley Zeeman Alan Nliclielson Henry Liss FRESHMEN Gerald Nlarlcs Davicl L Biser Samuel Silberg Otto NL Lilien William Lincolf Nlilton Lincotf Harold Ravner Paul Levy Paul Stuart Nlally Leroy Newman lrving H. Blumfielcl Riclwarcl Lee Rovit Slmelclon Roclanslcy Scott Boley Nlortimer T. Nelsorm lrwin R. Smarr .loslmua T. Golcllielcl PHI LAMBDA KAPPA OFFICERS LEONARD JORDAN LEVICK .... ........ P resident MARVIN RHODE .............. .. ..... Vice-President SOL BALIS ........... .... C 0 1-1- e sponding Secretary ELLIS SILBERMAN ..... .............. T reasurer SIDNEY WOLFE ..... .... R ecor cl ing S ecre :my ii l62 F RA TRES I N FAC ULTATE Samuel A. Loewenlberg. NLD. A. Cantarow, NLD. Artllur First. NLD. Nlarsl1allNL Lielner, NLD. Nlitcl1ellBernstein, NLD. Nlartin J. Solcololl, NLD. Nloses Belurencl, NLD. Benj. Haskell, NLD. Leo Jolcl Golclstein NLD. Sanluel T. Gofdy, NLD. Davicl H. Solo, NLD. Harry A. Bogaev, NLD. Josepll Aspel, NLD. Thomas Horwitz, NLD. Leon L. Berns, NLD. Edward H. Kotin, NLD. George A. Silver, NLD. Epluraim NL Rossett. NLD. Arnolcl Golcllnerger, NLD Samuel E. Rynes, NLD. Jacolo NL Calman, NLD. SENIORS Bernard Cramer Leon Levintow Leonarcl J. Leviclc Sidney Koretslcy AIDTHLHIITI COIICD Henry Seiclenlaerg I U NIORS Roy Corson Siclney Lerner AI Mintz Nlarvin Rlmocle David Hausman David Levin Stanley Weinstein Samuel Younger Herbert Kramer Nlartin Nlanrlel Sidney Wolfe SOPHOMORES Sol Balis Ellis Sillverman Nleyer Edelmann Raymond Sill: Eclwarcl Gorcly Emanuel Tulslfy FRESHMEN Jaclc Bascove Nornman Fisher Howard Joselson Howard Nlazer William Smitlr Richard Ellis Stuart Hamlnurger Russell Kesselman Algmralmam Perlman Eugene Felclerman Joseph Hopen Simon Nlarlcincl Eclwarcl Saltzman ALPHA KAPPA KAPPA OFFICERS WILLIAM S. CARTER ................ ........ P resident THOMAS MCCHESNEY ............ ...,.. V ice-President CLIFFORD BALDWIN ...... ........ S ecremry HERBERT S. BOWMAN ...... ........ T masumr - 164 FRATRES IN FACULTATE Arthur E. Billings, NLD. James Carty, NLD. Louis H. Clerl, M.D. Sherman A. Eger, M.D. Kenneth E. Fry, NLD. H. R. Hamriclc, NLD. Harolcl VV. Jones, NLD. Kelvin A. Kasper, NLD. Vvillarcl H. Kinney, NLD. Franlc C. Knowles, NLD. G. Dale Spotts, M.D. Harry Stucliert, NLD. E, Quin Thornton, NLD. John C. Ullery, NLD. Fielding O. Lewis, NLD l. Charles Lintgen, NLD Rohert A. Nlatthews, M.D. Franlclin R. Nliller, NLD Carroll R. Mullen, M.D Rohert Bruce Nye, NLD. Charles VV. Semisch, M.D. Norris VV. Vaux, NLD. HerlJertA. VVi1ling,Nl.D George J. Vvillauer, M.D. SENIORS G. Vvalter Anclerson Herhert J. Bacharach, Jr. Clilforcl A. Balclwin, Jr. Clillorcl C. Barringer l. Ralph Burhriclge, Jr. Salvatore R. Carrahha William S. Carter, Jr. Robert C. Dietel Andrew VV. Gaudielle Rudolph E. Gosztonyi, Jr. VVilliam J. Hargreaves John A. Jorclan, Jr. Ranclall Nl. Nlcl.aughlin Clarence NL Nliller, Jr. Frank C. Palmer Samuel D. Rowley Rohert H. Roy Robert E. Sass Norman Nl. Scott, Jr. Charles Scarborough Earl K. Sipes IUNIORS John P. Allan Frederick VV. Bocle, Jr. Herbert S. Bowman Benjamin F. Burns William P. Coghlan William A. Cnll John J. Dowling, Jr. George J. Gensemer John E. Goelflor Clkiarles T. NlcChesney, Ellwoocl C. Vveise, Jr. SOPHOMORES Joseph Bartos John D. Bealer Thomas F. Blalce Velio E. Berarclis Donalcl Cornley George J. Haupt Eugene P. Hughes, Jr. James J. Humes JHITICS Kessel Eclwarcl L. Lancaster, Jr. Clillorcl B. Lull, Jr. Thomas J. NlcBricle John ls. NlcCormaclc Clermont S. Powell George Pechstein Howarcl L. Shaffer FRESHMEN Joseph Nl. Chiaravallotti George R. Farrell Ernest l-l. Jensen Donald B. Johnson Vvilliam F. Kraft Vvilliam J. Kuzrnan Duane R. Larlcin Benjamin E. Longeneclcer, Jr. L.. Craig NlacBeth Rohert l... Nlichael John E. Nlills Franlr E. Mclilree John J. O'Neill Eclwarcl H. Rohinson Henry A. Roman Vvilliam T. Sallee Forcl C. Spangler George R. Spong Rohert E. Starlc Richarcl Nl. Vvhittington George Winch ALPERS NEUROLOGICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS H. VV. HOGAN, JR. ............... ........ P resident R. J. GRIFFITH ...... ....... X fice-Presideni W. O. CURRY, JR. ............ ..... S ecre t ary-Treasurer BERNARD J. ALPERS, MD. ....... ..... F acuity Adviser SENIORS G. VV. Ancierson VV. S. Carter. Jr. C. Catanzaro B. Cramer J. Geib R. A. Grugan H. isaacson S. Koretsicy L. Leviniow R. iVi. iVicLaugi1iin W. V. ixfiatteucci M. L. Reitz N. Ni. Scott, Jr. R. G. Stevens D. VV. Bostian J. D. Broiiwiewsici VV. C. Herrick L. E. Jones J. NICKCOWI1, JF. K, B, Pace, Jr. G. F. Tiiaioins VV. M. Woodxxfard VV. D. Brandon A. E. Cimmeiewsici VV. Q. Curry, Jr. J. B. Giiioert R, VV. Haines T. J. Kennedy S. Krevsicy M. O. Lewis E. A. iVicGovern F. C. Palmer i. Rose H. A. Seicieniacrg IUNIORS VV. J. Browning, iii. M. E. Haas R. H. Jernstrom, Jr. S. V. King, Jr. P. R Niayocic. Jr. J. R. Reynoicis I66 T. Ni. Vviiey, Jr. S. R. Carraiaiaa A. L. Cohen J. P. Decker J. R. Griffith H. W. Hogan, Jr. K. R. Knox J. B. Krisancia F. E. Lumpkin, Jr J. V. Mackeii J. S, Puieo R. G. Saieeiny L. R. Simonceiii B. M. Wimer C. iVi. Trossman H. S. Fousimee R. A. Hastings A. R. Jones, Jr. J. A. Koiies J. U. Oiiver T. L. Stokes ALPHA OMEGA ALPHA OFFICERS WILLIAM J. HARGREAVES ...... ....... P resident J. PAUL DECKER ........... ....... V ice-Presiclenl G. VVALTER ANDERSON HAROLD W. JONES, MD.. . .. Alpha Gmega Alpha is a non-secret, medi- cal school honorary society, election to which is based upon scholarship-scholarship involving initiative, indepenclence ancl the ability ancl will to carry on scholastic activities without over- sight. Therefore, the conception has grown that election to this society is not only recognition of accomplishment as a student, hut also an insignia of promised leaclership in some phase ol' medicine after graduation. Alpha Omega Alpha was organized at the College ol7lVleclicine of the University of lllinois, . . . .Secretary-Treasurer . . . . .Faculty Adviser Chicago, August 25, l902, anci is the only order of its lcincl in medical schools on this continent. its definite mission is to encourage personal honesty and the spirit of meciical research. The Jefferson Chapter, the fifth to he established, received its charter in 1903. Activities of Alpha Omega Alpha are prim- arily of an acaclemic nature. Nlonthly discus- sion meetings are held, an Annual Lecture is sponsored, ancl a laanquet ciilnaxes the yearys activities. MEMBERS G. Walter Anderson l. Ralph Burhricige, Jr. Anthony E. Chmelewslci J, Paul Decker James B. Gilbert Rudolph E. Gosztonyi, Jr. Eciwarci St. J. Grelole, HI William J. Hargreaves Joseph B. Krisancla Leon Levintow Thomas Pastras Henry Seidenherg Howard G. Shauh, Jr. Enio VV. Tohia Bruce Nl. Vvimer JEIITICS Niaclceli BAUER SOCIETY OFFICERS H. E. FIDLER ..... ............... ...... P r esident J. RODGERS ...... ..... V ice-President R. T. SHUGART .... .......... T reasurer E. l.. BAUER. lVl.D. .... ...... F aculty Adviser SENIORS R. T. Slmugart F. Urlaaclm J. H. Petre J. l... McCormick, Jr A. R. Vaughn, Jr. L. F. Burkley, Ill D. B. Heller J. M. Barslcy, Jr. R. JG. Kirchner J. P. Greeley H. E. Ficller G. A. Lemmon H. C. Smitli B. Babcock IUNIORS D. Yingling F. Knox - W. U. Reicll F. Cox, lll N. C. Womack, Jr. C. E. Hannan M. J. lVlcAnclrew. Jr. R. Lacoclc D. D. Walker E. A. Kelly C. J. Rodger D. lVlcGee J. F. Lee C. B. Smitll J, M. Koval I68 GROSS SURGICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS ROBERT R. LACOCK .............. ....... P resident EDWARD B. BABCOCK. . . ......., Vice-President JOHN H. PETRE, JR. .,.......... ...... S ecmtary-Treasurer THOMAS A. SHALLOW, NLD. ..... .... F aculty Adviser SENIORS Richard A. Vvorsham Richard T. Shugart Harry C. Smith Harry E. Fidler Rohert R. Lacoclc Randall M. lVlcl..aughlin Joseph S. Puleo Joseph B. Krisanda Clarence M. Miller, Jr. Clifford A. Baldwin, Jr. Robert A. Sass Samuel D. Rowley William S. Carter, Jr. Andrew VV. Gaudielle Nathaniel D. Yingling VV. Franklin Cox, lil John E, Healy, Jr. C. F. Broolce Smith William A. Cull Frederick Urhach Gamewell A. Lemmon, Jr. M. John lVlcAndrew, Jr. Charles E. Hannan Earl K. Sipes Leonard Simoncelli Benjamin S. Perkins John P. Luhr Charles F. Scarborough, Jr John A. Jordan, Jr. Herhert J. Bacharach, Jr. lsaac R. Burlaridge, Jr. Melvin I... Reitz Salvador R. Carrahioa I UNIORS John P. Allan Charles J. Rodgers Louis F. Berkley, ill William U. Reidt Herbert S. Bowman C-eorge J. Cvensemer I69 Duncan D. Walker, Jr. John H. Petre, Jr. John L. NlcCormiclc, Jr. Edward B. Babcock William J. Hargreaves Anthony E. Chmelewslci Thomas J. Kennedy Clifford Barringer Roloert C. Dietel Robert H. Roy Franlc C. Palmer Norman lVl. Scott, Jr. Gustave VV. Anderson Rudolph E. Gosztonyi Arthur Vaughn A Donald H. McGee William A. Phillips John J. Dowling William P. Coghlan HARE MEDICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS VV. lVl. KANE ...................... .......... P resident F. E. SCHRAMM ..... ...... V icre-President R. B. FUNCH ................ ........ S ecrelary VV. J. WOODWARD ............. .......... T reasurer NIARTIN E. REHFUSS. lVl.D. ....... .... F aculty Adviser SENIORS 1 C. Biclcllam J. Bongiovanni P. J. Dowdell H. G. Gallagher D. Harrop W. M. Kane C. VV. Korlaonits A. Lee D. Alnolollia S. Baslrore J. Danyliwv VV. Davis H. Fislrer C. B. Hanes D. Heller D. lVlarine VV. lVloore R. M. Sproch D. R. Vvatlcins R. Yannaccone J. F. Lee T. Pastras F. Scliramm R. Sullivan J. Rullt T. Cone J. Declcer E. F. Gliwa J. Hawkins P. P. Mayoclk F. Cox C. F. B. Smith R. Hastings E. Funk J. Acefo L. Birlcley D. VV. 'Bostian C. J. DeWan R. B. Funcl1 l... E. Haupt A. Kraft lVl. lVlcKim, Jr T. J. Kennedy S. Koretslcy L. F. LaN0ee VV. lxflatteucci J. Puleo VV. Silliman E. Toloia V. Coppa IUNIORS T. VV. lVloran J. Surmonle A. J. Wehler J. L. Zulcosld N. D. Yingling VV. U. Reidr D. l'l. lVlcGee J. F. Struve J. Koltes P. Lam J. Barslci F. Cox l.. J. Corazzo C. A. Knowles J. Krisancla G. F. lVlincle F. Shannon L. Simoncelli H. L. Walters J. P. Gadomslci R. Grugan P. B. Heuston J. A. Diorio R. S. Funclw J. Helsper H. Kramer J. P. McGee, Jr. E. C. Smith C. Trossman W. J. Woodxvard J. Barslci D. Heller L. Berkeley R. Balsslci J. Gensemer G, Tilnbens LI. M. Corson W. F. Cox, Ill C. J. DeWan KAPPA BETA PHI J. G. Jones S. V. King, Jr. R. G. Kirchner F'!'2F'1S'Jf' ?UF1F'024IC5?213V'1 7n7nP2'f53S FWWZQVFUPPQZNW -4 , . . . gP??fv,.f5v'5 QEQQQQHOQQQQWSPE silo 2. QEXQMSES-25313 5175 5 gwwgzwsmzvwfg F 5' 5 3 P KF QE Egg Lf :Q k W 4:1 F -'fl - ff- ' mzmo : rf C3101 ?Ur:n2,3E 2?-42755-QU? 3,4503 . - ' . 3 5 ffi?7U+E f-7Up2O4g:wP1g:qPff' gimm 551992. 2?rrug.-QP 19 05502 mQJfD:.,., 413-0-10 .J:fl,E,g3g -Q I-ja 2-Vfflmv 3,-13:-g:.,g::,o:: QPUHZ 1'-'-Y:'4Q3 D 55:F2s::2wP2-T 702 fe Qs a 2- 32' DHL fam? Z ' 2 1L.? sv- F U2?'Q F F77 ' I ' Q . Q E ?' gn? 3 5: 1 Q Z E 2 3 3 f Q 1 Q . 3 . omiwwo 5 P1P2UQf:ww1+-ggoPv 5 1 1 E mf-mzsm QQ:-':f1+.POZ5,5z3 : ' M ZQZZQS' m?gUvaQf'5',2UQ' L53 ' - :mggcT':- L:-'K4g-33-'I-'Q-f- 0 -I. T5'5':PC? 93 2' E302 .T I'-. H5653 3' 3-r'T k23E.,E :ini 5 N ES' If wi? I - 9 :: If Q 73. 42 C 3 C3 : , H LT? f? I Lf show: E25 'E 5 QWOOQ :f2PDffw::ma1:wo:w E. fe - it . U1 -I -I PZOFHP-pw FMDQFQAHDZFQW 2 5 :. :. . ' 5575 VU? mm U12 rn -1312 QE 2322 2565652 '52 QSZUJUQE LFQLD-2':g2UE9QS:.:-1m E59-: E.Eg'T 525 al' Ei'-igmi 2 9 LL l Q U2- 5 T' T' F1-3 . VV. Nloran M. Nlszanowslii J. Oliver W. J. Woodward R. Yannaccone N. D. Yingling 3 l7l MOON PATHOLQGICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS CHARLES MILLER ............. ......... P resident GAH... LI ................. ..... V ice-President H. BAKER. V ............ ........ S ecretary T. A. E. DATZ .................... , . ......... Treasurer VIRGIL HOLLAND MOON, NLD. ........... Faculty Adviser SENIORS H. Alderfer G. Carberry VV. Hargreaves B. Perkins G. Anderson S. Carrabba H. Jordan, Jr. WI. Reitz D. Ashbey C. Catanzaro F. Lechner R. Saleeby H. Bacharach T. Flotte, Jr. J. P. Lulu- R. Sass M. Bierly R. Gosztonyi VV. Matteucci F. Scluramm, Jr. H. Boysen R. Grugan J. Mazmanian G. R. Senita I. R. Burbridge, Jr. J. Hanlon, Jr. G. F. Minde B. Sherer E. Kepner Sipes IUNIORS R, Baker B. Eberlly E. Meehan R. Reinhardt H. Bowman M. Hass J. McKeown J. Reynolds J. Bowen R. Hastings J. Meehan R. Rhoda W. Cox, III J. Helff D. McGee C. Rodgers I... Casale J. Jones L.1Vlosier P. Shershin J. Corson Gail Li W. Miller B. Van Vranlcen J. Dowling R. McCurdy C. Miller W. Woodward N. Yingling SOPHOMORES C. Anderson D. Cornely J. Frank Gordon Liu J. Atkinson C. Cullen L. Gale C. Loomis L. Bender J, Daly R. Hastedt S. E. Pascuccl D. Birreu T. Datz G. Heclder E. Scull, Jr. D. Boyle. R. Deck, Jr. E. Hughes, Jr. D. Shaw S. Cable P. Eiseman J. Humes C. Swartz J. Carroll, JI. D. Feigley D. Thomas, JL I PASTEUR SOCIETY r l OFFICERS PAUL J. DOWDELL ................ ......... P resident ROBERT A. MURPHY ......... ......... V ice-President EDWARD C. SlVll'I'H .............. ..... S ecrefary-Treasurer NORMAN lVlACNEllal.., lVl.D. ......... ..... F acully Adviser J. J. Bongiovanni A. J. Capelletti G. A. Carherry A. E. Chmelewslc V. L.. Coppa T. VV. Daly J. P. Declcer P. J. Dowclell l... A. Corazzeo J. lvl. Danyliw J. A. Diorio J. J. Gaffney J. P. Greeley C. B. Hanes J. A. Atlcinson J. Corrigan J. Carroll C. Cullen G. O,Donnell C. Hamilton G, M. Erilcsen, J H. G. Gallagher J. J. Gallagher i R. E. Gosztonyi D. S. Harrop W. M. Kane C. A. Knowles J. B. Krisancla SENIORS D. A. Kuicla L. F. LaNoce O. K. Lanich E. A. lVlcGovern J. V. lxflaclcell J. C. Maloney J. C. Matteucci R. A. Murphy E. A. Kelly R. G. Kirchner J. M. Koval VV. J. Lussey W. MHCDO l'l nell J. P. lVlcGee J. 0'Connor R. Depersia D. Feclereci J. Griffin J. Loftus +4 C. Z O W ,Um CWOU . N. lVlcAnclrew E. Marino . J. Meehan lVl. lvlszanowslci R. Reinharclt' F. D. Russell SOPHOMORES C-. Risi P. J. Frank J. Hughes J. F. Hughes R. Nlurphy FRESHZVIEN J . Monaghan I73 W. A. O'Connell R. M. O Leary T. E. patrick J. S. Pulea G. H. Reberdy J. L. Redmond F. J. Shannon L. R. Simoncelli R. J. Sullivan C. F. Smith E. C. Smith VV. H. Terheyden A. W. Wheeler VV. J. Vvooclwarcl R. Lanning' S. O'Boyle S. Pascucci T. Pafricli S. Swartz S. Nahily I SCHAEFFER ANATOMIC LEAGUE T. E. PATRICK ..... VV. J. CASSIDY .... J. W. DALY ........ J. H. GRIFFIN, JR.. OFFICERS J. PARSONS SCHAEFFER, MD... D. J. IVIcDonaIcI I... B. GaIe H. R. Liss J. B. Atkinson N. P. Aspen R. W. Alexander R. C. Laning S. E. Zeman D. IVI. BIatcI1Iey A. L. IVIicI1eIson P. C. Eiseman, Jr. J. J. O'Connor, Jr. MEMBERS R. L. Bernstine R. R. Fahringer R. C. Hastecit R. J. Carabasi C. R. Barton, Jr. R. Lev . C. P. Carson H. M. Zutz IVI. L. Schwartz R. E. Silk J. A. Corrigan, Jr. I74 . . . . . .President . Vice-President . . . . . .Secretary . . . . . .Treasurer Faculiy Adviser J. D. Bealer R. B. Wright J, GCHTICH C. G. Steinmetz, III J. B. Loftus C. I'I. Swartz S. R. Cable I G. J. Haupt E. I... Lancaster, Jr D. VV.TI'1omas, Jr R. C. Clark If. J. JaImIce, Jr. THOMAS PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS ln. J. JAHNKE, JR. .................. . . R. C. LANING ..... J. B. ATKINSON ..... C. P. CARSON ..,.......,.. J. EARL THOMAS, MD. .... . C. VV. Anclerson J. B. Atkinson D. M. Blatcllley C. P. Carson C. Catanzaro J. V. Conroy, Jr. M. Edelman C. C. Goodman B. D. Harrold G. M. Hoffman J. VV. Kress . H. R. Liss D. S. Masland D. S. Rowe W. B. Slrope MEMBERS S. B. Vassalotti W. Annesley, Jr. L. F. Bender, Jr. R. J. Caralaasi VV. J. Cassidy J. A. Corrigan. Jr. PUPHQPK' TU?-QFD :Ein ri ff 2: 'i :QF- f sr .T . , C. Laning C. H. Loomis T. E. Patrick R. A. Shofielrl R. E. Silk . . . . . .Pr-esiclenl . . . . .Vice-Presiclrenl . . . . . .Secrelary . . . . . .Treasurer Faculty Adviser R. B. Wright N. P. Aspen R. L.. Bernstine J. L. Carroll, Jr. A. J. Cerne J. W. Daly J. B. Cvearren J. H. Griffin, Jr. Cr. B. Heclcler E. J. Jalmlce, Jr. R. Lev D. J. lVlcDonalcl G. R. Peclxstein L. S. Serfas C. G. Steinmetz, Ill I75 VAUX OBSTETRICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS HAROLD H. ALDERFER ............. ........ P resident HERBERT V. JORDAN ............. ..... X fice-President A C. THOMAS FLOTTE .... ........ T reasurer JOHN G. JONES ............. .......... S ecreiary NORRIS W. VAUX, MD. ........ .... F acuity Adviser SENIORSA ' Gustave W. Anderson Herhert J. Bacharach Dwight R. Ashhey Clifford A. Baldwin Mahion Z. Bierly Homer W. Boysen lsaac R. Burhridge Salvatore R. Carrahha William S. Carter William O. Curry Rohert C. Dietel Rohert H. Baker -Joseph M. Barslcy Sidney M. Bashore Herhert S. Bowman Louis F. Burlcley Lawrence F. Casale Alfred S. Coolc Cveorge N. Erilcsen Harry E. Fidler Rohert R. Ldcoclc Louis F. LaNoce James LJ. Fiedler Frederic C. Lechner John R. 'Griffith John P. Luhr Rohert A. Grugan Randall M. McLaughlin John J. Hanlon Joseph Mazmanian William J. Hargreaves William O. Muehlhausei' James J. Johnson Willi.an1 A. O'Connell iIOl'lfl A. J0l'daI1 ARCH Jones Charles W. Korhonits James M. O'Leary Sidney Koretslcy George K. Reherdy IUNIORS Joseph M. Corson William F. Cox Byron T. Eherly William H. Gross Melvin E. Hass Richard A. Hastings John R. Hellil David B. Heller Paul H. Jernstrom Gail G. L. Li Charles H. Loomis Edward A. Kelly John J. Meehan Charles E. Miller Samuel D. Rowley Richard D. Saleehy Franlc E. Schramm Norman Nl. Scott George R. Senita Bernard D. Sherer Leonard R. Simoncell Rohert Cv. Stevens George L. Weber James D. Wentzler William M. Woodward Alan Lee Warren A. Miller Laurance A. Mosier Rohert G. Rhoda Clyde F. B. Smith Bruce Van Vranlcen Donald R. Watlcins Nathaniel D. Yingling I76 M242 Builders of the 79446 Clmdc REBERDY, Adverhsnng Manager WEBER MACKELL E KENN SIMONS Eddor wi 'h-. LEVINTOW Assusionf Ecldor .,.,.xF .. LA 51.1, .M gi-vii F. . HENDER ,Zi sorg MURPHY ERIKSEN SHAUB 'rm W' duo' K . . , ' O CONNELL Busmess Manage ,-' 4-r ' Hi ',..9' 2' I f 4 ., ' V bn. 'S ' x . ,.,-1zh,,..-A,, ,, o TULEWA fm. ff-1nU!Q 1 ' I' -1 P V-- ,',1, -1... . a 1. L yi i 4 ' ' f 2. 1' 'fn , P., 1 f ' . l.4f:.'.. ,Lui .I NJ.-li x Z.vu ' X 'S,352,.r- ft 'H'Hf-'Q pg N1 2 , ' Q,.'H.gM', ,,. w-. ,Q ML ', kj 1 AT .ij A '5olclNE 8 Jule VAN ln! ff 19 Q .3-Q , X' ' A ' ' 'P AR I had just awakened from a short nap. Contemplating my roommate's return from military class, I lay hack to reminisce of the past three years. We began school as civilians, hut the army wielclecl much influence in these turhulent times. Early in June, 1945, we visited the Custom House to he sworn into the army. On June 20th and 21st, we made the memorable journey to New Cumberland. Here we discovered we were just another hunch of roolciesg hurry fo wait, needle-bait, new clothes, the PX, waiting for orders, KP. or goldhriclcing. Then there was a train ricle to Philly where millc, mail, and country gentry got off and on, but the 53l1th stayed, hot. clry and dirty. We met our helovecl Colonel, everyone's pal, much to our chap- erone lieutenant's confusion and chagrin with, Hi, Colonel, boys are haclc. How's Philly? Then we were clismissecl orders to report to school in the morning. What har was first stop? Or was it the Stage Door Canteen? your with your The routine of school resumed, accompanied hy the con- fusion of organization. How oclcl it was to receive and obey com- mands ancl to neecl a pass to go to the shore or to go home. The 'QQ' 3 ROTC graduates educatecl many a left foot asclrill masters'-'a job well done. Soon Friday afternoon echoed the sounds of 04. MY cadence, from D.B.l. to Walnut Street. Segar Field has seen its share of tears, sweat, toil, and bitching. Brislc chill mornings saw many a sleepy eye shaded hy an upturned collar. Yet, each time the hoys passed in review, no Haw was apparent. Perhaps it was due to our inspiring hand. There were the hours spent in the auditorium'- Your Daylu, hond rallys, uVVhy We Fight, Articles of VVar, V.D., Hans Muller. azimuth, military courtesy and discipline, morning re- ports, let alone exams and The Battle of Trenton, with Lieutenants Fontaine, Blake and Olsen presiding. Who will ever forget the Sergeants, each different: Krall, lsen,'Wehster, Starliper, Sheetz, Behmer, et al. Many will remember June, 1945 twhen we presented Colonel Mills' splendid portrait to the school. He was soon to leave us for his well-earned retirement. There was also the short contact with Wac Captain t You are menrfnl Lyons. At this time, not a few of us left the unit to become civilians again. Oh, that pay checlcl They were good days, a transition with its fun and trials, from which many a gentleman and medical officer will emergeg .49 P--9 N AVY Now hear thisl inducted July 1, 1945, and released to inactive duty November 5, 1945, we are the usaltiestn group ever to leave Jefferson. From those first forms and physicals in the Widener Building, through the shots and drill at Penn, the Wednesday cocktail hour and Saturday happy hour ion those rare occasions' that found a Navy man cutting classl, the lectures on Navy customs and traditions, the monthly rush to the auditorium for those pretty little slips of green, right on to the 'lost Vveelcendu at Bainbridge, we have always felt secure in the knowledge that if one can't be one's own C.O. , the Navy can fill in as second hest. Of course, we couldnft escape entirely Navy red tape and regulations but those unpleasantries were lcept at a minimum and, except for an occasional trelc to the U. of P. for a ushotn or a physical, we were allowed to pursue our studies as we would. Hats oft to Uncle Sam for recognizing the incompatibility of medical student and guard dutyl Between school years we did put in a couple of hours a day mastering the intricacies UD of close order drill and dozing through unvarying dull and boring lectures on various phases of Navy life. Time was left, also, for a 14-day leave each year, even if we never lcnew in advance when it would he. Since there was a war and' we therefore had to he connected with the service I think we're all glad it was the great and proud Navy of the United States, i Many of us will intern in Navy hospitals and probably all of us will serve some time in the Navy post-internship. We are all cognizant of the great trust placed in us and realize that great responsibilities lie ahead. We will do our hest to come as near as possible to fulfilling the ideal that is a doctor. May we not fall too far shortl -FU THE JM BALL 5 fiQ ' .. 'ww :gl L., . 1 lm- I- 1 -1 1.1 ' . 1 .1 k ' E:11 '11. 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Q11-H , '- f I ,- , ,j '- 1 ,'1.j,Lg .f 4 n 'fi'-,fQ'lz4?-'. 1 :W-', 'H1 ' 1 ' V J ' ' ' ' ' ' ' - - Ig 'ii' N -,gr ,x,,x'g11 'W 1,51 ,,jfg ',,', , - ,, ' A ' ' , , V Eff?-'igfigz '11 nr 1--'-1-'1 fL'111 f ' , , , - 5 . .. ' 1 , V, ' 1 11 V., 1. . Zur- , - A ,, V LL!-MM, - WSF-'Z Vffif-:ic -Q 4: f i1 3?-'li'-Y'-E?i+f'l? .if .f'Fjff',' Fl, . J , 1,-,,,. , 1 . ., .....-,,,.,, K Lf. ,f'-- ' - ff 'f fvzflisxx ,V--M-iw img 1 ' mu, X13 A Av ' A - E 02 x :aliases 4 f K f' 1w'ff, V V VE' r 1, E E X f E N ' gi D SA. YW 1-' fp Q- I , I 4 . 1. I V-!l,v W E A 1 E E E REHFUSS wma -. '1' 1 , ,, V f EEEE E ' E EE E 1 1 E E E7 S E E S T H E M . . . JEFFERSON CELEBRITIES E' X ws E W 7 if H'O'H ' A . v 'lg ' 'kvi E 5. jj! Ag E , an V, . 1 MX! ...-f I 1.. 1-,:f?9w - ,N ffiglv' ,K Q' E E --E- 251-51 'uf - 14. iwfffl' , - EAA E E . A ' ' lf' 1 A BANCROFT WILLAUER 'ljbw .. :JO-5' -vs' YKKIP If. , 'R ameri GNJLAGHL N AM LY M THB SHEREHS , THE MACKELLS Y WEL TBVBN S F MNH-X 3 . T I, HEDAVIS FAMITY f - g L. j - '- LII ,5 6 I 'A' xr-f Hi , f- kQ,,f' THE LEW Q., ff o - W W.. IS FAMILY , gl ,WY . . THE MEANS wiv' , 'T - I X G f ' 1 f WB .iggsygaahb X 49 WORSHAMS ,F ,fy w . K . 7 , ' ---a' I , Ty H4 4E'MU -, -, I 4 EA . . Y . H I, E HLHA USERS A A . 'Y nw: 2 -2. .- V l . 1, ,, , ,v V, f, . 1 fi xl . , 1 4 ji A W .. 'J' ,if if r' f .iv f ' A A -4' A x' f ' , f! ' faff F'-ST: ,W z ,Lab .,,, uk 1-, THB ROWLEYS GRD SANS , Q .... --,,M ,fl Q, SUAONGQLLLI J . MR. AND MRJ 62 Lgvxcn V ' MR. AND MRS. FLOTTE .Nl , .-5 w 1 1 Q, M 1 1 3 . , N . 1 1 5 l I 'rms HEUSTONS . v 1 . ' . MR. AND rms. GAIJDIELLE 4 -H' . -? MR. AND MRS. DEVENNEY r MR. AND mas. , -' v ---A ' 'W SIMONS INTERNS Unofficial excerpts from a discourse hy Dr. Alison H. Price on the life, habits, and classi- fication of interns. X - You're all dressed up in your white suit, your shoes are shined for the first and last time, you've won your lVl.D.: your mother is proud of you, your father is penniless. You come through the revolving door, hut there's no one there to meet you, no one' to greet you. You find your roomg it has one window: the shower's two hloclcs away. The dining room sounds like a hoiler worlcs, hut now you get your stew sitting down rather than stand- ing up. E You hear a nurse comment, f'He don't loolc so- good, and the elevator man grins and shouts, NHL suclcerlu Youre an outsider and you've got to prove yourself. You may fall into one of the following categories: 1. THE PERSONALITY KID: H65 well dressed, always has a hottie of good liquor: always a hroad smile, and he drives a 16 cylinder sports model. 2. THE GRABBER: He's gonna get there and no one can stop him. You're doing your 952nd sternal puncture: the hoss and all his friends are watching. You're having a little trouhle, whereupon the grahher dives in for the kill, jams the stylet through the sternum into the pulmonary artery and the patient makes an exit. 3. THE HOIVIING PIGEON: He has a frightful disease of married men: every time he sees a revolving door he wants to rush home to the wife and hide. 4. THE REFQRMER: He should have heen a missionary. His roommate is 5. THE ORGANIZER: His father helongs to the C.l.O.g his mother helongs to the A. F. of L. The Reformer and the Organizer work through - 6. THE SUCKER: They malce him the president of the Reformation Association. Heyd like to he a resident-hut no residency and he wonders why. 7. THE ARTESIAN: The Surgeon says, 'Tmlthe greatest surgeon in the world, and he says, You het you are, Chief. The Surgeon cuts the ahdominal aorta: hlood hits the ceil- ing: they worlc fast and suture it. Beautiful joh, Chief, lneautifulf' The patient dies. 8. THE HOOKER: He has ten histories and eight physicals to do: he notes thatla patient's P Z 150, R : 40. and T I 108. so he calls you -and aslcs you to talce over,-'he wants to go to a party. Ten minutes hefore you arrive on the ward the patient dies. There you are: now you can call the relatives, get the post, fill out the forms, and call the chief-and you never saw the patient! 9. THE CHAMPION: You study one of his patients carefully, and quietly suggest that this may he infectious hepatitis. He runs to the chief screaming lt's infectious hepatitis, infectious hepatitis, it's infectious hepatitis, Chief! The Chief agrees and decorates him with a silver star. 10. THE SCIENTIST: He wears suspend- ers to keep his helt up and garters attached to his helt to lceep his soclcs up. He springs and snaps into position when he moves. An old dowager is concerned about her anemia. Am l anemic, Doctor, oh Doctor, am l anemic? He stahs her, holds his hemoglohinometer up to the light, reads 45'MJ, and says, Madame, you are anemicf' Then he springs out of the room. ll. THE EFFICIENCY EXPERT: The Chief is holding a bedside clinic, the Efficiency Eicpert needs 10 cc. of hlood from the patient. He pushes the chief aside, hops up on the hed, starts a conversation with the patient, draws hlood, and then pushes his way hack through the crowd. 12. THE TALKER: He's like the fellow who wrote to the hiological supply house: I can send you all the frog slcins you want. Sup- ply house replies: Send 100,000 immedi- ately. He sends one with the explanation that all the noise out in the swamp fooled, him. 13. THE WORKER: He loolcs at the resi- dent and says to himself, Ulf I can just last this month out, that's the lcind of a johl need. What Should an Intern Be? 1. A diplomat. it's not what you say, it's the way you say it. ' 2. Complete your histories and physicals he- fore going to hed. lt's not what the patient thinlcs of you. lt's: ls your worlc done? 5. Be prompt. 4. Admit your mistakes. tAt least to your- self., 5. Ohey orders. 6. Remember, you're a Doc. Don't he a foot- hall to nurses, elevator hoys, etc. 7. Control your temper. The nurses will give you hell-talce it even if it galls you--hy God it will. Learn everything you can from them-f then as soon as you linow it'-fthen's your chance! 4.X, -1 I .U n' in 5,6 J ' . . .., 'N-' Q . .. --ou 1- 3- H ...J , - 1 Q4,f -M ,..4 'P 2 51 lk B 1 I 1 , , ' 7 ,1 . x is Q-gg,q..N .f -1, X , ,hi . .mln A , nun.. if ,av- - :if '. TH '90 ' ff- 173' rg? x S ' f Sag ii 'Q KH - ..,4ni --,L....4V ...,x. 1 L- 5631 F. - ' 3, E As. H 9 A -Mg 2 N 7 4 , T W u l 4 af F , 5 I, A . w it W i l 2 5 s I , FACULTY LIST WI.LLlAM HARVEY PERKINS, MD., Dean and Professor of Preventive 1V1ec1icine, Jefferson 1V1ec1ica1 Coiiege, 1941: M.D.. Jeffer- son W1ec1ica1 Co11ege, 1917: 1ntern, Jefferson Wieciicai Co11ege1'1ospita1, 1917: 1st Lieutenant, Meciicai Corps, U. S. Army, Base 1'1ospita1 No. 120, Tours, Prance, 1918-19: 1V1ef1ica1 1V1ission- ary, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions to Siam, 1919-23: Peiiowship in 1V1ec1ica1 Edu- cation, Roc1cefe11er Foundation, 1924-26: Pro- fessor of Meciicille and Director of C1inics. Chufaiangicarana University, Siam, 1926-50: 1nstructor in Nfeciicine, Tuiane University, 1950-51: Professor of Preventive Medicine, 1931-41: Dean and Professor of Preventive 1V1ec1icine at Jefferson 1V1ec1ica1 Co11ege since 19411: awarcieci Orcier of White Efephant, Siam, 1950: American 1V1ec1ica1 Association: American Society of Tropicai Medicine: Ameri- can Puhiic Health Association: .Nationai Tuiaercuiosis Association: tRegiona1 Directori Phiiacieiphia Tuiuercuiosis anci Heaith Associ- ation: Theta Kappa Psi: Aipha Omega Aiphag author of uCause and Prevention of Diseasef' 1958. J. PARSONS SCHAEFFER, AM., MD.. Ph.D., Sc.D., Professor of Anatomy and Direc- tor of the Danie1 Baugh Institute of Anatomy, 1914: 1V1.D., University of Pennsyivania, 1907: A.1V1., PI1.D., Corne11 University, 1908-10: WLA., Yaie, 1915: instructor of Anatomy, As- sista.nt Professor of Anatomy, Corne11 Univer- sity, 1907-11: Assistant Professor of Anatomy, 1911-12: Professor of Anatomy at Ya1eUni- versity, 1912-14: Aipha Omega Aiphap Sigma Xi: APe11ow of American Association for Aci- vancement of Science: American Anatomists: American Cvenetic Society: Academy ofNatura1 Sciences: American 1V1ec1ica1 Association: C01- fege of Physicians: American Phiiosophicai Society: Corresponciing Pe11ow of American Laryngoiogicai Association: President, Penn- syivania State Anatomicaf Boarci: President, American Association of Anatomists: author of M1-he Nose and Offactory Organng co-author of uThe 1'1eac1 anci Neck in Roentgen Diag- nosisnz contriioutor to a numioer of scientific puhiicalionsg eciitor of 1V1orris' AnatomyH: and author of a iarge number of papers in anatomy and emioryoiogy cieaiing especiaiiy with the respiratory system, the nose anci ac- cessory sinuses, anci the occiusion of hiooci- vesseis. FRANK CROZER KNOVVLES, 1VI.D.. Professor of 'Dermato10gy, 1919: 1V1.iD., Uni- versity of Pennsyivania, 1902: Dermatologist, Jefferson Wfecticai Coiiege, Pennsylvania Hos- pita1, Presbyterian Hospitaig Co1one1, Medical Reserve Corps, VU. S. Army: author of uDis- eases of the Sifinu: American Academy of Dermatoiogists anc1 Syphiioiogists: American Dermatogoiic Association: American Meciicai Association. EDVVARD L. BAUER, M.D., Professor of Peciiatrics, 1926: 1V1.D., Jefferson 1V1edica1 C01- iege, 1914: 1ntern, Germantown Dispensary and Hospitai, 1915: Assistant Resident, Chi1- cirenis -Seashore House, 1914: Assistant Resi- cient, Philadelphia 1'1ospita1 for Contagious Diseases, 1914-15: Resident, C1'1i1c1ren's Hos- pita1 of the 1V1ary J. Drexei Home, 1916-17: Acivisory Committee on 1V1aterna1 anci Chifci 1'1ea1th, Pennsyivania State Department of Heaithg Fe11ow of the American Academy of Peciiatrics: Peiiovv of the American Medicai Association: Fe11ow of the Co11ege of Physi- cians of Phiiacieiphiag Dipiomate of the Ameri- can Boarci of Pediatric Speciaiists: Honorary Pe11oW of the Pediatric Society of Uruguay. J. EARL THOMAS, MS., MD., Professor of Physioiogy, 1927: 1V1.D., St. Louis University Schoo1 of Meciicine, 1918: M.S., 1927: Ameri- can Physioiogicaf Society: Society for Phar- macoiogy anci Experimentai Therapeutics: American Association for the Acivancement of Science: American 1V1ec1ica1 Association: Society for Experimentai Bioiogy and Medi- cine: Phiiacieiphia Coiiege of Physicians: Phiiacleiphia County Meciicai Society: Physio- fogicai Society of Phiiadeiphiag American Gastroenteroiogicai Association: Aipha Omega Aiphaz Sigma Xi. VIRGIL HOLLAND MOON, A.B., 1VI.Sc., M.D., Professor of Pathoiogy, 1927: 1V1.D.. Rush 1V1ec1ica1 Coifege, 1915: Intern, Kansas City Cvenerai Hospitai, 1913: Professor of Pathoiogy and Bacterioiogy, 1nc1iana University Schooi of 1V1ec1icine, 1914-27: Pathoiogist, 1n- ciianapoiis City 1 1ospitai, 1914-241: Director of Laboratories and Pathoiogist, Jefferson Meclicai Coiiege 1'1ospita1: Visiting Chief Pathoiogist. Phiiacieiphia Cvenerai 1'1ospita1: American As- sociation Pathoiogists and Bacterioiogists: Am- erican Human Serum Association: American Meciicai Association of American Society for Experimentai Pathoiogy: 1nternationa1 Associ- ation for Geographic Pathology: American Academy of Po1itica1 and Sociaf Sciences: A. A. A.: Sigma Xi: Aipha Omega Aipha. CHARLES E. G. SHANNON, AB., iV1.D., Professor of OgJ1itha1lno1og5f. 1927: 1V1.D., Jefferson 1V1ec1ica1 Coiiege, 1902: 1ntern, Potts- vi11e Hospitai, 1902-03: aciciitionai training, Massacliusetts Eye ancl Ear lnlirmary, 1903- 04: instructor, Demonstrator, Associate Profes- sor of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical Col- lege successively since 1904: American Aca- rlemy of Oplntlialmology ancl Otolaryngology: American lVleclical Association: American Opln- tllalmological Society: Qplitlialmologic Re- searcli Association: Pliilaclelpliia College ol Physicians: Delta Kappa Epsilon: Plii Alplia Sigma. LOUIS H. CLERF, M.D., LLD., Professor ol Laryngology ancl Bronclioscopy, 1950: lVl.D., Jefferson Nleclical College, 1912: lntern, ilelier- son Medical College Hospital, 1912-14: Cliiel Resiclent Pliysician, 1914-16: Laryngologist witli U. S. Navy, 1917-22: Captain Nleciical Corps, U. S. N. R.: American Association ol Tlioracic Surgery: Fellow ol American College ol' Pliysiciansg Fellow of American College ol Surgeons: American Bronclio-esoptralogical As- sociation fpast President ancl Secretary, Eclitor at present tirnei : Pliilaclelpliia County lxfleciical Society tpast Presiclentlf Pennsylvania State Meclical Society: American Laryngology, Rliin- ology ancl Otology Association: American Medical Association: American Laryngological Association: American Acaclemy ol Opti- tlwalmology ancl Gtolaryngologyg College ol Pliysicians of Pliilaclelpliia: American Tliera- peutic Society: New Yorlc Laryngological Society: American Trucleau Society: Pennsyl- vania Tulaerculosis Association tDirectori: As- sociation ot lVlilitary Surgeons: Pan-American lvleclical Society. THOMAS A. SHALLOVV, M.D., Samuel D. Gross Professor ol Surgery, rlelterson lVlecli- cal College, 1959: Professor ol? Surgery, rlelter- son Medical College, 1951-59: NLD., ilellerson Meclical College, 1911: 'lntern, Jefferson Nlecii- cal College Hospital, 1911-15: Cliiel Resiclenl Pliysician, .lelferson lxfleclical College Hospital, 1915-14: Assistant to Dr. tl. Clnalmers Da Costa, ancl Cliiel ol Surgical Clinic, 1914-50: Assistant Surgeon to Pliillaclelpliia General Hospital, 1915-24: Surgeon to Pliilaclelpliia General Hospital, 1924-30: lxleurosurgeon to Plrilaclelpliia General Hospital, 1950-54: Ac- tive Consulting Surgeon to Pliilaclelpliia Cren- eral Hospital, 1954-411: .Assistant Surgeon to St. .loseplfs Hospital, Pliilaclelpliia, 1914-17: Captain, U. S. Army lxfleclical Corps, A. E. F., 1.918-19: Director ot Surgery, Delaware County Hospital: Consulting Surgeon, lxflontgomery Hospital, Norristown: Sacrecl Heart Hospital, Norristown: Grancl View Hospital, Sellersville: Sliriners' Hospitals lor Cripplecl Cliilclren: Fel- low ol Ptrilatlelpl'1iaAcaclemy ol Surgery: Col- lege ol Pliysicians ol Pliilaclelpliiag American College of Surgeons: lnternational College ot Surgeons: Founcler lVlemlJer ol American Boarrl ot Surgery: lVleml3er of American Wleclical As- sociation: Pennsylvania State lVleciical Society: Alplia Qmega Alpliag Nu Sigma Nu: lxflemlacr ol Boarcl of Directors ol City Trusts: Cliairman of lVleclical Advisory Boarcl ollxflunicipal Court: lVlemlaer ol Boarcl ol lxflanagers of House ol Detention, Pliilaclelpliiag Clrairman, Aclvisory Committee on Surgery to Pliilactelpliia Depart- ment ol Pulblic Healtli. CHARLES M. GRUBER, AQB., A.M., Pli.D., lVl.D., Professor ol Pliarmacology, 1932: Pt1.D., Harvarcl University, 191-1: lVl.D., Wasti- ington University Scliool ol lVlcclicine, St. Louis, 1921: lntern, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis: lnstructor in Pliysiology, University ol Pennsyl- vania, 1914-l5: Professor of Pliysiology ancl Pliarmacology, Allaany lVleclical College, 1915- 17: Professor ol Pliysiology ancl Pliarmacology, University ol Coloraclo, 1917-20: Associate in Pliysiology, Wasliington University lVleclical Scliool, St. Louis, 1920-21: Associate Professor of Pliarmacology, Vvasliington University lVleclical Scliool, St. Louis, 1921-32: American Physiological Society: American Society lor Pliarmacology ancl Experimental Tlierapeuticsg American Association lor tlie Aclvancement ot Science: Society lor Experimental Biology ancl lVleclicine: Pliilaclelpliia Plwysiological Society: College of Pliysicians ol' Pliilaclelpliia County lV1eclical Society: American Nleclical Associa- tion: Pennsylvania State lxfleclical Society: Alfpira Qmega Alplia: Sigma Xi. DAVID M. DAVIS. MD., Professor ol Urology, 1955: B.S., Princeton 'University, 1907: lVl.D., ilolins Hoplcins lVleclical Scluool, 1911: lntern, Baltimore City Hospital, 1911-12: Assistant in Patliology, rlolnns l'loplcins lvleclical Scliool, 1912-14: Patliologist ancl Director ol Researcli, James Buclianan Bracly Urological lnstitute, rlolins Hoplcins Hospital, 19111-20: Bacteriologist, American Ambulance Hospital, Paris tsummerl, 1915: Assistan.t Resiclcnt ancl Resiclent Urologist, .lolms l'loplcins Hospital, 1920-22: Associate in Urology, rlolins lfloplrins Medical Scliool, 1917-24 ancl 1928-50: As- sistant Professor ol Urological Surgery tin clwarge ol ciepartmenti, University ol Rocliester Meclical Scliool, 1924-58: 'Urologist in Clmiel, Strong lVlemorial Hospital, 1924-28: Visiting Urologist, Desert Sanitarium, Tucson, 1950- 55: American lxfleclical Association: American Urological Association tlVlicl-Atlantic Section President, 1941--121: Soutliwestern lxfleclical As- sociation: American Association ol Genitouri- nary Surgeons: College ol Pliysicians ol Pliila- clelpliia: Acaclemy ol Surgery: Pliysiological Society ol Pliilaclelptxiag Halstecl Clulag Plwi Beta Kappa: Alplia Omega Alpliag Lieutenant, Captain, ancl Major, Meclical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, 1917-19. HOBART A. REIMANN, M.D., Nlugee Professor oi lVleclicine ancl Acting Heart ol tlie Department ol Experimental lV1eclicine, Jeller- son Hospital, 1956: fV1.D., University ofBuffa1o, 1921: Intern and Resident Physician, Buffalo General Hospital, 1921-25: Assistant, Hospital of the Rockefeller institute, 1925-26: Fellow in Pathology, National Research Council in Prague, 1926-27: Associate Professor of Medi- cine, Pelcing Union Medical College in Peking, 1926-50: Associate Professor of Medicine, Uni- versity of Minnesota, 1950-56: Professor of Medicine, University of Miniiesota, 1956: As- sociation of American Physicians: Society for Experimental Biology and Mediciiie: American Society of Clinical fnvestigationg American Society of Experimental Pathology: American Medical Association: Philadelphia County Medical Society: Alpha Omega Alpha: Nu Sigma Nu: author of mf-he Pneumoniasf, MARTIN E. REHFUJSS, M.D., Professor of Clinical Nledicine, 1956: Sutherland M. Prevost Lectures in Therapeutics, 1941: M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1909: intern, Uni- versity of Pennsylvania Hospital, 1910-11: American Hospital: Paris, 1911-12: Pasteur institute, Paris, 1911: further studies in Ger- many and Austria, 1912-15: Captain, U. S. Army, World War 1: American Gastroentero- logical Association: American College of Physi- cians: American Medical Association: Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia: Philadelphia County Medical Society: author of Diagnosis and Treatment of the Disease of the Stomach, Medical Treatment of Gall Bladder Disease, ulndigestionn: inventor of Rehfuss Stomach Tube: inventor of the Frac- tional Method of Gastric Analysis: Sigma Xi: Phi Chi. GEORGE P. MULLER, SCD., M.S., M.D.. Grace Revere Osler Professor of Surgery, 1957: University of Pennsylvania, 1899: lntern, Lanlcenau Hospital, 1899-1905: Clinical Pro- fessor of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 1922: Fellow of American College of Surgeons: American Association of Thoracic Surgeons: American Medical Association: American Sur- gical Association: College of Physicians, Phila- delphia: Society of Clinical Surgery: Major. U. S. Army, during Vvorld Vvar 1. NORRIS VV. VAUX, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics, 1957: M.D., University of Pennsyl- vania. 1905: intern, Pennsylvania Hospital. 1905-07: Special Course, Rotunda Hospital. Dulolin, Ireland: Director, Division of O13- stetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania Hos- pital: Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia: Honorary Fellow of the Wash- ington Gynecological Society: American Medi- cal Association: American Gynecological So- ciety: Philadelphia County lxfledical Society: Past President of Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Pennsylvania State lV1edical So- ciety: Past President of the Philadelphia O13- stetrical Society: Vice-President, American Gynecological Society, 1944-45: Honorary President, Barton Coolce Hirst Ohstetrical Society: Director of Board, American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Chairman of O13- stetrics and Gynecology, National Board of Medical Examiners: Chairman of lV1edica1 Ad- visory Board of the Visiting Nurse Society: Alpha Kappa Kappa. HORACE J, VV1LL1AMS, MD.. Professor of Otology, 1957: 1Vl.D., Jefferson 1V1edical Col- lege, 1912: intern, Childrens Hospital, Ger- mantown Hospital, Jefferson Hospital, Penn- sylvania Hospital: Otolaryngologist, German- town Dispensary and Hospital, Memorial Hos- pital of Roxhorough, Philadelphia Hospital for Contagious Diseases, Jefferson Hospital: Arn- erican Academy of Ophthalmology and Oto- laryngology: American lV1edica1 Association: Fellow of American College of Surgeons: Philadelphia College of Physicians: American Laryngological Society: American Laryngo- logical, Rhinological and Otological Society: Philadelphia Laryngological Society: American Otological Society. BERNARD J. ALPERS, M.D., SCD.. fMed.J, Professor of NCLIYOIOQY, 1958: M.D., Harvard Medical School, 1925: Sc.D. in Medi- cine, University of Pennsylvania, 1950: Neurol- ogist, Jefferson Medical College Hospital, Penn- sylvania Hospital, Wills Eye Hospital: Ameri- can Association of Neuropathologists: Ameri- can Medical Association: American Neurologi- cal Association: American Psychiatric Associa- tion: Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases. JAMES R. MARTIN, M.D., James Edwards Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, 1959: M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1910: intern, Jeffer- son Medical College Hospital, 1910-12: Chief Resident, Jefferson Medical College Hospital, 1912-15: Medical Corps, U. S. Army, 1917- 19: Pottsville Hospital: State Hospital for Crip- pled Children flilizafmethtownl: Chamllerslourg Hospital: Delaware County Hospital fDrexel Hilll: American Academy of Orthopedic Sur- gery: American Medical Association: Philadel- phia County lxfledical Society: Diplomate of the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery. LEVVIS C. SCHEFFEY, SCD., M.D., Pro- fessor of Gynecology, 1940: lV1.D., Jefferson Nfedical College, 1920: Resident Physician, Rotating Service, 1920-22: Acting Chief Resi- dent, 1922: Personal Assistant to Dr. Broolce M. Anspach, Chief of the Department of Gyne- cology., 1925-28: American Gynecological So- ciety: Fellow of American College of Surgeons: Diplomate of American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology: American Medical Associa- tion: Founder of Jefferson Society for Clinical investigation: President-elect of Philadelphia County Medical Society: .Pennsylvania State Nledical Society: President of Alumni Associa- tion of Jefterson Nledical College: College of Physicians of Philadelphia: Ofastetrical Society of Philadelphia: Pathological Society of Phila- delphia: North American Ohstetrical and Oynecological Travel Cluh: Sydenham Nledi- cal Coterie of Philadelphia: American Cancer Society: American Association for Cancer Re- search: American Radium Society. B A L D WI N LONGSTRETH KEYES, NI.D., Professor of Psychiatry, 1941: NI.D., Jefferson Nfedical College, 1917: Intern, Nliseri- cordia Hospital, 1919-20: Santa Casa Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1920-21: Resident Phys- cian, Pennsylvania Hospital, 1921-25: Chief of Psychiatry Service at Philadelphia General Hospital: Corresponding Psychiatrist for JU. S. Federal Court tPhiIadeIphia Districtl: Lieu- tenant Colonel in the Nledical Reserve Corps of the U. S. Army: Unit Director of the 58th General Hospital, Jefferson Hospital Unit: Nledical Advisory Board of Philadelphia Nluni- cipal Court: American Nledical Association: Fellow of American College of Physicians: American Neurologic Association: American Psychiatric Association: American Society for Research in Nervous and NIentaI Diseases. HAROLD W. JONES, M.D., Sc.D., Thomas Dralce Cardeza Professor of Clinical Nledicine and Hematology, 1941: NLD., Jeffer- son Medical College, 1917: Intern, Jefferson Nledical College Hospital, 1917-19: Chief Resident Physician, 1919-21: Director of Clini- cal Lahoratory, 1919-28: Assistant Physician. Philadelphia General Hospital, 1921-29: Hematologist, Beehe Hospital: Association of American Physicians: Interurloan Clinical Cluh: Physician to Jefferson Hospital: Hema- tologist to Jefferson Hospital: Fellow of Ameri- can College of Physicians: American Board of Internal Nledicine: Alpha Omega Alpha. PAUL CHRISTIAN SWENSON, M.D.. Professor of Radiology, 1945: M.D., University of Nlichigan, 1926: Intern, Gillette Orthopedic Hospital, St. Paul, Nlinn., 1925: Anclcer City and County Hospital, 1926: Resident in Radi- ology, University of Michigan Hospital, 1928- 50: Instructor in Nledicine, 1950-54: Assistant Professor of Radiology, 1954-59: Associate Pro- fessor of Radiology, Columhia University Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, 1959-45: Fel- low of the American College of Radiology: American Roentgen Ray Society: North Ameri- can Radiology Society: Fellow of the American Nledical Association: Diplomate of the Ameri- can Board of Radiology: Philadelphia County Nledical Society: Philadelphia Roentgen Ray Society: Fellow of the Philadelphia College of Physicians: Fellow of the New Yorlc Academy of Nfedicineg American Trudeau Society: Harvey Society: Alpha Omega Alpha: Phi Rho Sigma. ABRAHAM CANTAROW, M.D., Profes- sor of Biochemistry, 1945: M.D., Jefferson Nledical College, 1924: Resident Physician, Jefferson Nledical College Hospital, 1924-27, Research Fellow, 1927-29, Biochemist, 1951-45: Instructor in Nledicine, Jefferson Nfedical C01- Iege, 1950-54, Associate, 1954-57, Assistant Professor, 1957-59, Associate Professor, 1956- 45: Nfemfoerz American Physiological Society, American Society for Pharmacology and Ex- perimental Therapeutics, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society for the Study of Internal Secretions. Society for Experimental Biology and Nfedi- cine, College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Physiological Society, Philadel- phia Pathological Society, and Endocrine So- ciety of Philadelphia: Alpha Omega Alpha: Author: Calcium Nletaholism and Calcium Therapy, 1951: Clinical Biochemistry, 1952, 1959, and 1945: Lead Poisoning, 1945: Con- trifoutor to PiersoI's Cyclopedia of Nledicine, Kolmer and Boerner's 'Approved Laboratory Qfqechnique, and Duricarfs Diseases of NIeta19o- rsm. g FACULTY? EDWIN E, GRAHAM, M.D., Emeritus Pro- fessor of Diseases of Children. SOLOMON SOLIS-COHEN. M.D., Sc.D.. Emeritus Professor of Clinical Nledicine. JOHN H. GIBBON, NLD., Emeritus Professor of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. ZIIE. QUIN THORNTON, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Therapeutics. LEWIS, Emeritus Pro- fessor of Laryngology. BROOKE M. ANSPACH, M.D.. Sc.D., Emeritus Professor of Gynecology. WILLIAM HARVEY PERKINS, M.D.. Sc.D., Dean and Professor of Preventive Nledicine. J. PARSONS SCHAEFFER, A.M., M.D.. Ph.D., Sc.D., Professor of Anatomy and Director of the Daniel Baugh Institute of Anatomy. FRANK CROZER KNOWLES, M.D., Pro- fessor of Dermatology. EDWARD L. BAUER, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics. , J. EARL THONIAS, NLS., NI.D., Professor of Physiology. VIRGIL HOLLAND MOON, A.B.. M.Sc.. Professor of Pathology. 'I' Names in the Faculty list, with the excep- tion of the Emeritus Professors and the Dean. are arranged on the basis of seniority of ap- pointment. Z1IDied, January 16, 1945. CHARLES E. G. SHANNON, A.B., Nl.D.. Professor of Ophthalmology. LOUIS l'I. CLERF, NI.D., LL.D., Professor of Laryngology and Bronchoscopy. THONIAS A. SHALLOW, NI.D., Samuel D. Gross Professor of Surgery. CHARLES Nl. GRUBER, A.B., A.NI., Ph.D.. Nl.D., Professor of Pharmacology. DAVID M. DAVIS. M.D., Professor of Urology. HOBART A. REIMANN, Nl.D., Nlagee Pro- fessor of Nleclicine and Acting I'leacl of the Department of Experimental Nleclicine. NIARTIN E. RIEHPUSS, NI.D., Professor of Clinical Nleclicine ancl Sutherland Nl. Prevost Lecturer in Therapeutics. GEORGE P. MULLER, Sc.D., NI.S.. Nl.D.. Grace Revere Osler Professor of Surgery. NORRIS VV. VAUX, NI.D., Professor of Obstetrics. HORACE J. WILLIAMS, MD., Professor of Otology. BERNARD J. ALPERS, M.D., SC.D., fMed.I. Professor of Neurology. JAMES R. MARTIN, M.D., James Edwards Professor of Orthopedic Surgery. LEWIS C. SCHEFFEY, SC.D., M.D., Pro- fessor of Gynecology. BALDWIN L. KEYES, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry. HAROLD W. JONES. M.D., Sc.D.. Thomas Dralce Nlartinez Carcleza Professor of Clini- cal Nleclicine and Hematology. PAUL C. SWENSON, MD., Professor of Racliology. ABRAHAM CANTAROW, M.D., Professor of Biochemistry. RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS FREDERICK l'I. MILLS, Lieutenant Colonel. Nledical Corps, U. S. Army, Professor of Nlilitary Science and Tactics. i .CLINICAL PROFESSORS CHARLES R. HEED, NI.D., Ophthalmology. ARTHUR E. BILLINGS M.D., Surgery. 'IGEORGE A. ULRICH. NI.D., Ohstetrics. WARREN B. DAVIS, M.D., Sc.D.. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. SAMUEL A. LOEWENBERG, MD.. Medi- cine. JOHN B. FLICK. M.D., Surgery. ARTHUR J. DAVIDSON, MD., Orthopedic Surgery. EDWARD F. CORSON. Dermatology. .IOI-IN B. MONTGOMERY. M.D., Gyne- co ogy. BURGESS L. GORDON, M.D., Medicine. J. RUDOLPH JAEGER, M.D., Neurosurgery, TDied. July 18, 1944. :11B.B. VINCENT LYON, M.D., Medicine. CLIFFORD B. LULL. M.D., Ohstetrics. GARFIELD G. DUNCAN, M.D., Medicine. ASSOCIATE PROEESSORS N. A. MICHELS, A.B., M.A., Sc.D., Anatomy. JOSEPH O. CRIDER, NI.D., Physiology, and Assistant Dean. BENJAMIN P. WEISS, M.D., Neurology. WILLIAM A. KREIDLER, B.S., M.S., PhD.. Bacteriology anal Immunology, ancl Acting l'Ieacl of the Department. A. SPENCER KAUFMAN, M.D., Otology. CREIGHTON H. TURNER, M.D., Medicine. NORMAN NI. NlacNEILL, Nl.D., Pecliatrics. LORENZ P. I IANSEN,'Pl1.D., Physiological Chemistry. LEANDRO M. TOCANTINS, M.D., Medi- cme. FRANKLIN R. MILLER, M.D., Medicine. AUSTIN T. SMITH, M.D., Laryngology. ANDREW J. RAMSEY, A.B., Ph.D., His- tology ancl Emloryology. WILLIAM J. HARRISON, M.D., Oph- thalmology. WILLIAM H. SCHMIDT, M.D., Physical Therapy. DAVID R. MORGAN, M.S., M.D., D.P.H.. Pathology, ancl Curator of the Nluseum. ROBERT A. MATTHEWS, M.D., Psychiatry. GEORGE ALLEN BENNETT, A.B., MD.. Anatomy. J. BERNARD BERNSTINE, MD., Ohstetrics. HENRY B. DECKER, Dermatology. ARTHUR J. WAGERS, M.D., Laryngology. MARIO A. CASTALLO, M.D., Obstetrics. ASSISTANT PROFESSORS CHARLES W. BONNEY, A.B., M.D., Topo- graphic ancl Appliecl Anatomy. H. l'I. LOTT, Nl.D., Laryngology. DAVID W. KRAMER, MD., Medicine. BENJAMIN LIPSCHUTZ. MD., Neuro- anatomy. ROBERT M. LUKENS, M.D., Bronchoscopy ancl Esophagoscopy. HARRY STUCKER'-I1,NI.D.. Obstetrics. ADOLPH A. WALKLING, M.D., Surgery. rl. HALL ALLEN, Nl.D., Proctology. SIDNEY L. OLSHO, M.D., Ophthalmology. WILLIAM P. HEARN, MD.. Surgery. JOHN WILLIAMS HOLMES, M.D., Pedia- trics. JOHN T. EADS, Nl.D.. Nledicine. WILLIAM T. LEMMON. M.D., Surgery. C. CALVIN FOX, M.D., Laryagaiogy. I. CHARLES LINTGEN, M.D., Gynecology. REYNOLD S. GRIFFITH, M.D., Medicine. ARTHUR FIRST, M.D., Ohstetrics. fl? Leave of Ahsence. ROBERT A. GROFF, M.D., Neurosurgery. KENNETH E. FRY, M.D., Surgery. MARSHALL M. LIEBER, M.D., Pathology. J. SCOTT FRITCH, M.D., Ophthalmology. CARROLL R. MULLEN, A.B., M.D., Oph- thalmology. ROY W. MOHLER, A.B., AM., Sc.D.. M.D.. Gynecology. E. ROSS HART, Ph.D., Pharmacology. FRANCIS M. FORSTER, M.D., Neurology. JOSEPH STASNEY, M.D.. Pathology. JOHN F. COPPOLINO, M.D., Pediatrics. GUY M. NELSON, M.D., Medicine. M. H. F. FRIEDMAN. M.A., Ph.D., Physi- I . WKIEEIAM GEORGE SAWITZ, M.D.. Parasitology. JOSEPH WALDMAN, M.D.. Ophthalmol- ogy. MARTIN J. SOKOLOFF. M.D., Medicine. SHERMAN A. EGER, M.D., Surgery. ' ASSOCIATES ABRAWI STRAUSS, lVl.D., Dermatology. JOHN B. LOWNES, M.D., Urology. .IAMES L. RICHARDS, M.D., Gynecology. CHENEY M. STIMSON, M.D., Gynecology. JOHN DE CARLO. M.D., Appliecl ancl Topographic Anatomy. HAROLD L. GOLDBURGH, M.D., Medi- CIBC. MITCHELL BERNSTEIN, M.D., IVledicine. C. FRED BECKER, M.D., Neurology. JAMES F. CARRELL, M.D., Obstetrics. WIITLIAM J. THUDIUM, A.B., M.D., Gyne- co ogy. THEODORE R. FETTER, M.D., Urology. AARON CAPPER, M.D.. Pediatrics. CLYDE IVI. SPANGLER, lVI.D., Ohstetrics. WALTER W. BAKER. M.D., Urology. CHARLES EQ TOWSON, M.D., Otology. HYINIIAN M. GINSBERG, B.S., M.D., Gyne- co ogy. CARL J. BUCHER, M.D., Pathology. PATRICK A. McCARTHY, M.D., Surgery. LOUIS B. LAPLACE, M.D., lVIeclicine. ROBERT BRUCE NYE, M.D., Nleclicine. HOWELL B. PEACOCK, M.D., Laryngology. BOBB SCHAEFFER, AB.. A.M., Ph.D., Histology ancl Embryology. LOWELL ASHTON ERF, M.D., Medicine. LAWRENCE S. CAREY, IVIJD., Nleclicine. GEORGE J. WILLAUER, M.D., Surgery. JAMES M. SURVER. M.D., Surgery. ARTHUR G. PRATT, M.D., Dermatology. M. NOBLE BATES. A.B., M.A., Ph.D., Histology ancl Embryology. NATHAN S. SCHLEZINGER, M.D., Sc.D. CMecIJ, Neurology. OSCAR T. WOOD, M.D., Medicine. WILLIAM HARDING KNEEDLER, M.D.. lVleclicine. MOSES BEHREND, M.D., Surgery. ROPBERT S. BOOKHAMMER, M.D., Psy- c iatry. DANIEL LAMB TURNER, Ph.D., Chemistry. ROBERT C. HUTCHINSON, A.B., Ph.D., Anatomy. E, PASCLIKIS, M.D., Medicine and Physiology. ' JOHN LAWRENCE ANGEL, Ph.D., Ana- tomy ancl Physical Anthropology. KELVIN A. KASPER, M.D., Laryngology. DAVID M. FARELL, M.D., Gynecology. HENRY O. SLOANE, M.D., Ophthalmology. RALPH C. HAND, M.D., Orthopedic Sur- gery. ROBERT CHARR, M.D., Medicine. BENJAMIN F. HASKELL, M.D.. Surgery fproctologyf . JACOB HOFFMAN, A.B., M.D., Gyne- cology. RICHARD M. JOHNSON, M.D., Medicine. DAVID R. MERANZE, B.S., M.A., M.D.. Bacteriology and Immunology. PETER A. HERBUT, M.D.. Pathology. DEMONSTRATORS I. GRAFTON SIEBER, M.D., Laryngology. VV. B. SVVARTLEY. lVI.D., Anatomy. MAURICE BROVVN, M.D., Dermatology. HENRY G. MUNSON, M.D.. Dermatology. LOUIS CHODOFF, M.D., Bandaging. LYNN M. RANKIN, M.D., Operative Sur- gery. STANLEY O. WEST, M.D., Urology. LEOPOLD GOLDSTEIN, M.D., Obstetrics. D. RANDALL MacCARROLL. M.D., Oh- stetrics. JJR. MANGES SMITH, M.D., Radiology. CARLOS E. VVOLFROIVI, M.D.. Olnstetrics. P. L. BALENTINE, lVI.D., Ophthalmology. SAMUEL T. GORDY, M.D., Neurology. JAMES F. McCAHEY, M.D., Urology. EDWARD F. BURT, M.D., Pecliatrics. MAHLON C. HINEBAUGH, M.D., Obste- trics. THOMAS J. COSTELLO, B.S., M.D., Gyne- co ogy. JOHN VERONO ELl.SON, lVI.D., Obstetrics. FLOYD JOHNSON PUTNEY, M.D., Laryn- gology ancl Bronclioscopy. TRACY DONALD CUTTLE, M.D., Medi- cme. S. DALE SPOTTS, M.D., Surgery. DAVID H. SOLO, M.D., Laryngology. PAUL H. ROEDER, lVl.D.. Olostetrics. ROBERT P. STURR, M.D., Physical Therapy. ELI MARCOVITZ, M.D., Neurology. MAX LUDWIG WEIMANN, M.D., Pedia- trics. FLOYD JOHNSON PUTNEY, Otology. WILLIAM J, HITSCIILER, M.D., Otology. Ili Leave ol Alosence. 'IIHOIVIAS ACETO, M.D., IVIeclicine HARRY A. BOGAEV, M.D., Urology. T H O M A S LAWRENCE WILLIAMS, PILC., B.Sc., Pllysiological Cliemistry. HYMAN E. YASKIN, M.D., Neiirology. ROSS B. WILSON, MD., Obstetrics. JOHN C. ULLERY, M.D., Obstetrics.. JOHN EDWARD LYNCH, Ph.D., M.D.. Gynecology. GEORGE ALAN HAHN, A.B., M.D., Gyne- cology ancl Clinical Assistant in Racliology. INSTRUCTORS HUBLEY R. OWEN, M.D., Surgery. ARTHUR R. VAUGHN, M.D., lvleclicine. THOMAS R. MORGAN. M.D., Gynecology. ALBERT A. BURROS, M.D., Pediatrics. ID. A. MCCARTHY, lVl.D., Anatomy. ELI R. SALEEBY, M.D., Anatomy. HAROLD S. RAMBO, M.D., Urology. JOSEPH ASPEL, MD., Urology. FRANK J. CILIBERTI, M.D., Anatomy. I. GRAFTON SIEBER, M.D., Otology. JOHN I'I. DUGGER, IVLD., Obstetrics. RAPHAEL H. DURANTE, M.D., Neurology. GEORGE W. BLAND, M.D., Obstetrics. ALAN PARKER, M.D., Surgery. HERBERT A. WIDING, M.D., Surgery. ELI R. SALEEBY, M.D., Surgery. JOHN D. REESE, M.D., Plastic and Recon- structive Surgery. RAYMOND B. MOORE, M.D., Anatomy. HENRY SIGMOND, M.D., Ortliopeclic Sur- gery. THOMAS HORWITZ, M.D., Ortltopeclic Surgery. NEDJIB M. BEKIR, M.D., Pediatrics. DONALD W. HASTINGS, M.D., Psychiatry. HARRY LOWENBURG, JR., M.D., Pedia- trics. V. WILLIAM WEAKLEY. M.D., Gynecology. CALVIN SEARLE DRAYER, M.D., Neurol- 02-Y LOUIS A. KUSTIN, M.D., Laryngology and Broncboscopy. JAMES J. RYAN, M.D., Netirology. MELVIN A. DILLMAN, M.D., Radiology. KENNETH M. CORRIN, lVI.D., Psychiatry. THOMAS J. LEICHNER, M.D., Physical Therapy. JOHN J. O'KEEFE, M.D., Otology. HAYWARD R. HAMRICK, M.D., lxfleclicine. CHARLES W. SEMISCH, Ill, M.D., Medi- cine. C. WILMER WIRTS, JR., M.D., Medicine. PETER A. THEODOS, M.D., lVleclicine. LOUIS O. FEO. M.D., Obstetrics. LEON L. BERNS, M.D., Anatomy. CLARE C. HODGE, M.D., Surgery. DAVID NAIDOFF. Oplitlialmology. J. WOODWARD SAVACOOL, MD.. Medicine. GEORGE KENNEDY, M.D., Racliology. GEORGE A. PORRECA, M.D., Gynecology. ABRAHAM MYERS, M.D., Ortliopeclic Sur- gery. WILLIAM J. TOURISH, M.D., Surgery. PERRY S, MacNEAL, M.D., lVIeclicine. WILLARD SARGENT, M.D., Surgery. ALFRED G. LISI, PhD., Pharmacology. JOHN E. WILSON, M.S., Dermatology. ARNOLD GOLDBEROER, M.D., Obstetrics. BASIL GILETTO, M.D., Obstetrics. SIDNEY, RADBILL, Opbtbalmology. T. BURRITT MERVINE, M.D., Anestbesi- ology. CLARENCE C. BRISCOE, M.D., Obstetrics. GEORGE HARRY WARREN, A.B., M.A., PILD., Bacteriology and Immunology. HUGH ROBERTSON, M.D., Operative Sur- A.griiyRAKoFF, M.D., Gynecology. I EDWARD H. Bisuor, M.D., Gynecology. Ausow H. PRICE, M.D., Wleclicine. ASSISTANT DEMONSTRATORS EDWIN GORDON STORK, M.D., Pedia- tricsr CHARLES J. SWALM, M.D., Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy. LOUIS J. RODERER, M.D., Pediatrics. EDWARD CARRE THOMAS, M.D., Pedia- trics. LOUIS A. KUSTIN, M.D., Otology. MILTON HARRISON, M.D., Surgery. ALFRED E. BRUNSWICK, M.D., Surgery. ALDRICH C.CROWE, MD.. Pediatrics. SAMUEL JAFFE, M.D., Meclicine. EDWARD H. KOTIN, M.D., Medicine. ' JOSEPH D. BROWN, M.D., Operative Sur- ROBERT ERNEST IMHOFF, MD., Derma- to ogy. ABRAHAM COHEN, M.D., Medicine. ALBERT WHEATLAND BROWN, M.D., Obstetrics. EDWARD T. LI'IT, M.D., Urology. CHARLES H. HARNEY, M.D., Surgery. JOSEPH J. CAVA. M.D., Medicine. J. J. KIRSHNER, M.D., Medicine. EDWARD J. MOORE, JR., M.D., Pediatrics. BERNARD B. STEIN, M.D., Pecliatrics. K. M. CORRIN, M.D., Pyscliopecliatrics. CAPERS B. OVVINGS. M.D., Otology. DARIUS G. ORNSTON, M.D., Otology. CHARLES I'I. LA CLAIR, M.D., Surgery. RICHARD CHODOEF, M.D., Surgery. EDWARD A. Y. SCHELLENGER. MD.. Gynecology. S. VICTOR KRAIVIEN, M.D., Obstetrics. PAUL EBNER, M.D., Obstetrics. MARCEL STANLEY SUSSMAN, MD.. Obstetrics. RAPHAEL H. DURANTE, M.D., Neuro- anatomy. JOHN C, URBAITIS, NI.D., Psychiatry. ROBERT NICCONIBS, NLD., Nleclicine. JOHN CHELEDEN, NLD., Proctology. PERK LEE DAVIS, M.D., Medicine. NICHOLAS P. A. DIENNA, M.D., Obste- trics. GEORGE A. SILVER, NLD., Bacteriology. EDWARD C. BRITT, M.D., Laryngology. ROBERT S. GARBER, NLD., Psychiatry. DAVID M. BROOKS, M.D.. Ophthalmology. LEONARD W. PARKHURST, M.D.. Medi- cme. JOHN A. McCORMICK, M.D., Obstetrics. JOSEPH I.. FINN, NLD., Obstetrics. GLENN S. DICKSON, B.A., M.D., Gyne- cology. ARTHUR S. McCALLUM, M.D., Laryn- Q . JCTFIN O'KEEFE, M.D.. Laryngology and Bronclioscopy. CARL T. HOULIHAN. M.D., Laryngology. LEWIS C. MANGES, JR.. M.D., Surgery. ROBERT R. LAYTON, M.D., Surgery. JAMES NELSGN, M.D., Nleclicine. FRANKLIN RUTBERG, M.D., Otology. M. J. ZAKRZEWSKI, M.D., Gynecology. AMOS S. WAINER, M.D., Obstetrics. EPHRAINI NI. ROSSET, NLD., Obstetrics. ALFRED W. SNEDEKER, M.D., Psychiatry. THOMAS W. CLARK, M.D., Medicine. JOSEPH LEE HOLLANDER, M.D., Medi- cme. IZYDOR EDMUND MIKOWSKI, M.D.. Nleclicine. JOSEPH LOUIS NOCENTINI, M.D., Oph- tlmlmology. MILTON K. MEYERS, M.D.. Child Psychia- try. JAMES D. MAHONEY, M.D., Psychiatry. NICHOLAS F. VINCENT, M.D., Neurology. C. BALCOM MOORE. M.D., Urology. PAUL M. PEGAU, M.D., Medicine. ARTHUR G. BAKER, M.D., Medicine. JOSEPH RICCHIUTI, M.D., Medicine. ALEXANDER SOCHACKI, M.D., Medicine. ARTHUR BOLDEN, M.D., Medicine. JOSEPH THOMAS CADDEN. M.D.. Medi- cme. SAMUEL E. RYNES, M.D., Medicine. J. STANLEY COHEN, M.D., Gynecology. JACOB M. CAHAN, M.D., Medicine. ROBERT G. HEATH, M.D.. Neurology. FREDERIC KRAMER, M.D., Psychiatry. EDWARD L. LIPSIUS, M.D., Ophthalmol- ogy. NED T. RAKER, M.D.. Surgery. HARRY ROGERS, M.D., Medicine. CHARLES M. SEMISCH, III, M.D., Pedia- trics. MAX ROSENZWEIG, M.D.. Urology. FREDERIC B. WAGNER. A.B.. M.D., Ana- tomy. CHARLES J. ZINN, M.D., Orthopedic Sur- gery. GAETANO BRINDISI, M.D., Medicine. HARRY J. KNOWLES, M.D., Surgery. FREDERICK B. WAGNER. A.B., M.D.. Surgery. ' THOMAS M. SCOTTI, M.D., Pathology. SOLOMON KEESAL, M.D., Urology FRED ALEXANDER, M.D., Medicine. M. ROYDEN C. ASTLEY, M.D., Neurology. MILTON L. McCALL, M.D., Obstetrics. JOHN HENDRICKS HODGES, M.D.. Nleclicine. . GRANT O. FAVORITE, NLD., Bacteriology ancl Immunology. JAY T. SHIRLEY, NLD., Psychiatry. JAMES S. D. EISENHOWER, JR., M.D.. Nleclicine. FRANK ROBB KINSEY, M.D., Radiology. PATRONS DR THOMAS ACETO DR. GEORGE A. HAHN DR J HALL ALLEN DR. HAYWARD R. DR BERNARDJ ALPERS HAMRICK DR BROOKE M ANSPACH DR. RALPH HAND DR WALTER W BAKER DR. BENJAMIN HASKELL DR EDWARD L BAUER DR. MAHLON C. DR MOSES BEHREND HINEBAUGH DR ROBFRT DR. WILLIAM J. BOOKHAMMER HITSCHLER DR HENRY S BOURLAND DR. JOHN VV. HOLMES DR CARL BUCHER DR. WILLIAM T. HUNT DR EDWARD BURT DR. RUDOLPH JAEGER DR JACOB M CAHAN DR. SAMUEL JAFFE DR ABRAHAM DR. HAROLD VV. JONES CANTAROW DR. A. SPENCER KAUFMAN DR LAWRENCE CAREY DR. SOLOMON KEESAL DR MARIO A CASTAI I O DR. FRANK KNOWLES DR ROBERT CHARR DR. DAVID KRAMER DR LOUIS H CLFRF DR. WILLIAM T. LEMMON DR JOHN COPPOLINO DR. CHARLES LINTGEN DR EDWARD CORSON DR. BENJAMIN LIPSHUTZ DR ARTHUR J DAVIDSON DR. SAMUEL A. DR DAVID M DAVIS LOEWENBERG DR WARRENB DAVIS DR. HARRY DR HENRY B DECKER LOWENBERG, JR. DR HARVEY F DOE DR. CLIFFORD B. LULL DR SHERMAN A I'CI1R DR. JAMES R. MARTIN DR LEONIDAS J DR. ROBERT A. FARMAKIS MATTHEWS DR THEODORE FETTER DR. FRANKLIN MILLER DR ARTHUR FIRST DR. ROY W. MOHLER DR FRANCIS M FORSTER DR. JOHN B. DR C CALVIN FOX MONTGOMERY DR BASEL GILETTO DR. VIRGIL H. MOON DR HAROLD L DR. RAYMOND B. MOORE GOLDBURGH DR. GEORGE P. MULLER 2OI DR. CARL E. PASCHKIS DR. WILLIAM HARVEY PERKINS DR. SIDNEY G. RADBILL DR. ABRAHAM RAKOFF DR. LYNN M. RANKIN DR. MARTIN E. REHFUSS DR. JAMES L. RICHARDS DR. HUGH ROBERTSON DR. HARRY L. ROGERS DR. THOMAS SCOTTI DR. J. PARSONS SCHAEFF ER DR. LEWIS C. SCHEFFEY DR. WILLIAM H. SCHMIDT DR. CHARLES W. SEMISCH DR. THOMAS A. SHALLOW DR. CHARLES E. SHANNON DR. MARTIN J. SOKOLOFF DR. S. DALE SPOTTS DR. JOSEPH STASNEY DR. RAYMOND O. STEIN DR. JAMES SURVER DR. PAUL SWENSON DR. L. M. TOCANTINS DR. WILLIAM J. TOURI SH DR. CHARLES EMORY TOWSON DR. JOHN C. ULLERY DR. NORRIS W. VAUX DR. ARTHUR WAGERS DR. ADOLPH A. WALKLING DR. GEORGE J. WILLAUER DR. HORACE J. WILLIAMS DR. JOHN F. WILSON DR. OSCAR T. WOOD ' IIIIMPHMENTS i Ill A FRIEND III JHFHISIIN MHIIIIM llllllllil MEET the Boys at . . . LYLE4'S EMBASSY 131 South 10th Street opposite Hospital if-,U . ff W?R?:fly!'sypl 'Q l,' ' WEN ' 'V w 44, , 1 , Qadmwazg In this painting, the third in the series Pioneers of American Medicine, Dean Cornwell has depicted the great Dr. Osler while he worked and taught at Philadelphia General Hospital QOld Blockleyj, circa 1887. Dr, Osler later helped to establish Johns Hopkins University Medical School, and ended his career as Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford University, England. For him . . . they cut a hole in the ceilinglu Dr. William Osler's greatness had as many facets as a well cut diamond. He had few equals as a diagnosticiang as a pathologist he was famous on hoth sides of the Atlantic: hut when it came to clinical worlc Osler was supreme. A magnetic teacher, he had an extraordinary aloility to inspire students. His autopsies at Old Bloclcley drew such crowds that a hole had to he cut in the ceiling over the table'-'so that more students could witness his findings, Osler revolutionized the entire teaching of medicine. Ever conscious of his mission as a teacher, he revised courses, turned siclcrooms into class- rooms. It would he difficult to assess adequately the value of his contrihution to future genera- tions of American physicians: yet Osleris is only one name in the glittering roster of medical men to whom the world will he forever in deht. Today, in American cities, towns and lahora- tories, and in the far corners of the world, doc- tors are worlcing longer hours than ever loefore. And where you find the doctor, there youill lind the pharmacist-whose long training and devoted service were never in greater demand. Vvyeth lncorporated have contributed to the progress of American pharmacy through eager, tireless research . . . through a system of quality controls that produces pharmaceuticals of matchless uniformity . . . in a firm determina- tion to maintain their high standard as Americas pioneer manufacturing pharma- cistsf' ' J This advertisement-hy Wyeth Incorporated of Philadelphia-is designed to fe Z direct attention to the great contributions of American physicians to the health of the world. PIG. U- lv FAT 077. This painting by Dean Cornwell, the fourth in the series Pioneers of American Medicine, shows Dr. Ephraim McDowell about to perform the wor1d's first ovariotomy on jane Todd Crawford. This operation blazed the way for abdominal surgery. The painting depicts one of the great moments in medical history. A womans life hung in the balance . . . There was grave ditterence ol medical opinion at iVlotley's Glen, Kentuclcy in December 1809. .lane Crawfords local physicians believed her pregnant. ln the judgment ot Dr. Ephraim McDowell, of Danville, she was suliering from a large ovarian tumor, which would kill her if not removed. The brave woman stalced her life that lVlc- Dowell was right, and in midwinter rode sixty miles on horseback to his home fa journey of several days, to submit, without anesthesia but gritting her teeth and reciting psalms, to a tvventy-tive minute operation-fthe first success- ful ovariotomy in history. Such was the birth of abdominal surgery. While it is impossible to estimate the lives that have been saved as a result of lVlcDowell,s brilliant pioneering, his name is only one in the ever-lengthening honor roll of American medicine. And so today the modern doctor, with the aid of his strong right arm-fthe pharmacist'-'labors with increasing zeal in the tight against disease. Pioneer pharmacists of Philadelphia, Wyeth lncorporated have established-and maintained '-a system of quality controls which produces pharmaceuticals of matchless uniformity. Re- garded as one of pharmacyis most progressive firms, their contribution to medical science has been greater than ever during these overpower- ing years. :rect attention to i great contributions o American physicians to wor rl health This nclvertisement--by VVyeth Incorporated of Philadelphia.-is clesigned Io ,If J., . ,W ..,, , U RIO. U. s. FAT. OFF. VVILLIAMS, BROWN 62 EARLE, Inc. Since 1885 Supplying MICROSCOPES - BLOOD PRESSURE APPARATUS DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS - INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES For the Medical Student PEN. 7320. I 918 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia 7 78 6 . . . WILLIAMS' Uniforms for CIVILIAN and NAVAL INTERNS Have Topped Them All in QUALITY AND SERVICE C. D. WILLIAMS 6: COMPANY Designers and Manufacturers Q 246 S. 11th Street Philadelphia, Pa. 3335535 HENRY 5. HALLSTRQM Cf'-1tCh95 MANUFACTURERS, DESIGNERS AND FITTERS OF Arches Elastic Hosiery Orthopaedic and Fracture Appliances Abdominal Supports over 50 years of experience is your guar- antee of our ability and our methods 141 N. 16th Street Philadelphia. Pa RIT. 7483 YOUR SURGICAL STORE . . . INVITES YOU- TO See the Latest in MEDICAL EQUIPMENT - SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS - MICROSCOPES SHORT WAVE APPARATUS - FLUOROSCOPES - X-HAY APPARATUS All On Display-In Our Showrooms at I. BEEBER COMPANY 1109 WALNUT STREET KIN. 0646-PHILADELPHIA 7, PA. 838 BROADWAY AL. 4-3510-NEW YORK CITY 3. N. Y. MECHANICIAN TO ORTHOPEDIC DEPARTMENT OF IEFFERSON HOSPITAL G. EMIL GEFVERT Manufacturer Ot SURGICAL and ORTHOPEDIC APPLIANCES 0 TRUSSES 0 CRUT CI-IES O ELASTIC I-IOSIERY 0 SUPPORTERS, etc. WALTER B. MCCARTY I Bell: RITtenhOuse 5989 241 North 17th Street, Philadelphia. Pa. 1820 125th Anniversary 1945 WM. F. MURPHY'S SONS CO. RADIOS AND RECORDS Printers, Lithograghers-Engravers, Stationery PHONOGRAPHS Filing Equipment and Supplies 509 'CHESTNUT STREET LOMbard 1192 be is ' WALNUT GRILL H. ROYRR s1vm'H OO. BAR-RESTAURANT The Largest Stock of Records in the U. S. A. Club Breakfast Special Luncheon 117-19 S. 10th St. 10111 'md WALNUT STS- PHILA- 7' PH Full Course Dinners Philadelphia, Pa. IN APPRECIATION TO MERIN-BALIBAN 1010 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Penna. OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERS TO THE 1946 CLINIC Specialists to SCHOOLS 0 COLLEGES UNIVERSITIES O CLUBS SPECIAL RATES TO STUDENTS Special Prices to Students We Call and Deliver IOHN H. TAWS 1037 Walnut Street. Philadelphia. Pa. Clinton Cleaners 6- Dyers Expert Tailoring and Remodeling Daily Pressing - Hats Cleaned and Blocked Photographic Supplies-Developing and Printing Pictures and Framing N. W. Cor. llth and Spruce Sts. PEN. 8544 IEFFERSON PHARMACY BENI. BERGEII 10111 afld Pine sheen? Tailoring and Pressing - French Dry Cleaning, PTGSCUPUOUS A SPGCICHY SPECIAL RATES TO STUDENTS Luncheonette and Fountain Service 277 S. llth Street PEN. 2147 TOM CURLEY'S masr 275 South llth Street LIQUORS wmas I O BEER Toast, Host and Beast where Friends Meet the Most in Our Spacious Dining Room FINEST FOODS SERVED DAILY COMPLIMENTS Orthopaedic Shoe Shop Real Estate Trust Building S. E. Comer Broad and Chestnut Streets ' Philadelphia. Pa. Suite 627 to 635 Phone, Kingsley 0288 RELIABILITY IN PRESCRIPTION FILLING PHILIP BLEECHER PI-IARMACIST The Prescription Drug Store N. E. Comer llth and Locust Sts.. Phila.. Pa. PENnypacker 2839 VICTOR V. CLAD CO. FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT Kitchen Utensils, Chinaware Glassware and Silverware 117-118-121 S. 11th St. Philadelphia. Pa. Neighborly Greetings! In our Commissary-located right in Iefferson's neighbor- hood--we prepare food for thousands of Philaclelphians daily. We welcome you to enjoy that Finest Quality Food -at Lowest Possible Prices- at our Restaurants throughout the city and suburbs. O Horn 6: Hardart The Public Appreciates Quality u Established Over 50 Years Registered VVILLIAM OAKES' SON x Iohn I. Oakes PLUMBING AND HEATING CONTRACTOR 207 South Tenth Street LOMbard 1035 Philadelphia, Pa. FRANKLIN X-RAY CO. X-RAY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Fifth Floor. Maule Building 2100 Arch Street Philadelphia. Pa. For Prompt Service Call PEN. 7266 CLINTON PHARMACY ICEENE 61 COMPANY PRESCRIPTION sPEcIA1.1s'rs O P Tl C I A N S Luncheonette and Fountain Service 1713 Wqlnql street philqddphiq l000 Spruce Street Philadelphia. Pa. KINgsley 9750-51 PENnypacl:er 2095 IEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE CLASS RINGS Made by VVTLLIAJVI C. MARTIN - 908 CHESTNUT STREET The Old Reliable Keesa1's Luncheonette 282 SOUTH TENTH STREET BREAKFAST - LUNCH - DINNER We carry a full line of Cigars, Cigarettes, Fine Candies, School Supplies and Magazines FRANK L. LAGAN GEO. H. McCONNELL PHILADELPHIA SURGICAL INSTRUMENT CO. DISTRIBUTORS HAMILTON MODERN MEDICAL FURNITURE WAPPLER SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY Write us for Location Data and Office Planning Service RIT. 3613-4 1717 SANSOM STREET EUGENE G. VVILE Radio - Television Electronic Supplies 10 SOUTH 10th STREET Phone, MARket 3400 HENRY SAUR CO. Manufacturers of Orthopaedic Apparatus and Appliances f Surgical Bandages 515-517 N. 8th Street Philadelphia, Pa. Compliments of NATIONAL ACADEMIC CAP AND GOWN CO. WAL. 5883 PHILADELPHIA. PA. B21-Z3 Arch Street ' MANUFACTURERS cmd OUTFITTERS Phone, LOMbard 4423 Fumiture Tops-Mirrors SOLOT'S - DRUGS A H. PERII.S'I'EIN N. E. Cor. llth and Walnut Streets G L A S S 524 Lombard Street Philadelphia. Pa. Compliments of TILLES RESTAURANT 1110 sANsoM srmasr FREDERICK SCHMTD PRACTICAL WATCH REPAIRER 265 South llth Street PENnypacker 0552 Philadelphia, Pa. FROM THE NEW OWNERS-HARRY AND MOE gm www Specializing in AA Choice Steaks and Chops The best of the Meds A CH'ASSEY'S TAVERN 'M 303 SOUTH ELEVENTH STREET Kingsley 9074 CHOICE WINES AND LIQUORS meet here, for a glass of beer-and cr good cheer. Compliments Of WEBER COMPOSITION CO. COMMENTS OF LINOTYPE - MONOTYPE 19 wn.uAM srnssr A FRIEND Femwood. Perma. Madison 6363-6364 CLINTON HOTEL SPRUCE AND TENTH STREETS ' Largest Hotel Rooms in Philadelphia--Moderate Priced Coffee Shop-Garage Facilities SEVEN-STORY Apartment Hotel, located within a square of the Jefferson Hospital and College. Headquarters for Medical Students. Telephone in every room. Spacious clothes closets. Newly decorated and furnished. All new coil springs and inner-spring mattresses. A Few Housekeeping Apartments Available - Beautiful Cocktail Bar Daniel Ahern, Manager Samuel Elgart, Inc., Managing Directors KING HOTEL - Low Rates - Spruce Street at llth HARRY R. RUST, Inc. A B B O T T S BUILDERS AND STORE FIXTURES I C E C R E A M 19 S. 8th Street Philadelphia. Pa. Cameras and Everything Photographic is s. mm sneer Philadelphia. Pu. WEST DISINFECTING CO' Compliments of THE WESTWARD-HO HOUSE S. K. Ffs products-outstanding among which are Benzedrine Sulfate Tablets, Benzedrine lnhaler, Feosol Tablets and Pared- rine-Sulfathiazole Suspension-reflect a single consistent policy. We purposely limit the number of our specialties and never offer a preparation unless, in our judgment, it constitutes a thera- peutic or pharmaceutical advance which will make it a leader it its field. SMITH, KLINE CS FRENCH LABORATORIES Established 1841 Philadelphia. Pa. Phone: PENnypacker 1591 PHIL'S MARKET Wholesale Grocer It's Always Right If 'You Buy of White H. T. WHITE 6: COIVIPANY PI'lI'1teI'S Ci1'1Cl SlZClllO1'1eI'S FRESH MEA-rs AND 'VEGETABLES 232 SOUTH TENTH STREET 126 SOUTH ELEVENTH ST. PHILA.. PA. 4 Established 1925 Philadelphia Brotherston Surgical Co. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS Call KIN. 9610 - 9611 LOUIS H. DEVINE STAINLESS STEEL - ci-moms PLATED PfeSC'iP'ionS Of Quality and Distinction Hospital Equipment -- Physicirxxfs Supplies S3 E' cor' lub and spruce streets Philadelphia. Pa. 2214 CHESTNUT STREET PHII,ADELPI-IIA, PA. Compli ments of THE ANDERSON HOSPITAL Ask f0T Eu Dee Dee Hail' Tonic The Little Store for Your Convenience G. A. Luongo's Hcxircutting THE ALCOVE Most Popular Among Ieff Men Since 1908 203 S. 10th St. S. E. Cor. below Walnut Ieiferson Medical College Hospital THEODORE MEYER EST. AT YOUR SERVICE PEST CONTROL SINCE 1999 213 S. 10th Street. Philadelphia Atlantic City, Baltimore, Trenton, Washington ':': ': . ., , 9 S ,-, S, , -Nm gf A ff. M.-5., , - . . fy. M.: -i. . :.:. , 1 i f: lf ?-'Z' ' M 'X G' 2 - --:-: 5 FE? ' . jg fbi 1 gg? f egg t 5 A t A K ag . l f 3 25 .ff fv.. I ggi.: - ' q. ' .ga f sg 4w,fit3iQf A zgifffgz i f x 2 522 V 5 gig? . 0. 2 M252 gf gf in 4 if .f is fp M QQ' PJ M A 9532 X Sf? 4 23553 4' at ggi? X M , 9 f . ,I Q gifmwg Wfiifs, f at 5 gi Z E fx ,N ., ,, 1 E? V . Q, Q W .5 .1 11.1 f 5' P M , : f1 ' i:2.4? - ffvffg .... Q ,A .f 'SS E ---- ,... - , 259 I, 5 35: gg ay -5 . , Q -fs: Q., :ew-'assi 43,30 Q, Wei? ff X' Q Q , 1 4 ' -A . fig tg? l 2 .l W will 3 3 5 .... ,Q i te' Q: gf rssz.:-eg -Q..yt5...:.w.:g:.w:f:fe:.-.asm-1. .:.:.-fi ----- lg ml 5. . . . l 5 l i wfcncfiueu Margooz' . . . is the product of the efforts of a capable editor plus the interested cooperation of a seasoned specialist. To an editor, who wishes to nike a success of his first publishing venture, speciali- zation offers innumerable aclvanitages that are most helpful-in fact-indispensable. It is advisable to 'have a specialist handle your yearbook. Investigate the services off'Ca1npus, an organization whose ientire business is college and school publications. llllllll' Plllllil Ill G llll. I N C O K P 0 R A T E D 1316 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Perma. 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