Jefferson Medical College - Clinic Yearbook (Philadelphia, PA)

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THE CLINIC NINETEEN-SIXTEEN Zlhhrehiateh iiaisturp nf Eeffersun jllilebital Ctlullege HE Jefferson Medical College, one of the oldest and most famous medical colleges in the United States, was first organized in 1825 as the medical department of Jefferson College at Canonsburg, Pa. There were then six chairs in the College, filled as follows: John Eberle, M.D., Theory and Practice of Medicine, B. Rush Rhees, M.D., Materia Medica and Institutes, Jacob Green, Chemistry, Nathan R. Smith, M.-D., Anatomy, Francis S. Beattie, M.D., Midwifery, George McClellan, M.D., Surgery. The first class numbered 107, and the first commencement was held on April 11, 1826, when a class of twenty received the degree. From 1825 to 1828 the classrooms were in the old Tivoli Theatre, 'l now 518 Locust Street, but space here being inadequate, in 1828 a building erected by a member of the Board of Trustees on Tenth Street, between Sansom and Moravian Streets, was leased for teaching purposes, and this site has ever since been occupied by the College. Up to the year 1838 the Trustees of the Jefferson Medical College were subordinate to the Parent Board in Canonsburg, but during -that year the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania, by legislative enactment and charter, made the institution a separate and independent universityg with the Hsame powers and restrictions as the University of Pennsylvania. It is the only university in this country devoted entirely to medical education. jefferson Medical College has always been noteworthy for its distinguished clini- cians and its extensive clinical teaching. Indeed, systematic clinical methods of in- struction were here hrst inaugurated in the United States, a dispensary having been established in advance of the first session, and from the cases which it supplied surgical clinics were, for the first time in this country, conducted by the founder, George Mc- Clellan. It was in the clinics at jefferson, December 23, 1846, that the anaesthetic power of sulphurous ether was first exhibited in Philadelphia, by Dr. Mutter. In the session 1866-67 the clinical opportunities were much enlarged by the establishment of a daily clinic, the medical cases being allotted to the skilful consideration of Dr. J. M. DaCosta. In 1870 the Alumni formed an association to promote the interests of the college and medical education. In May, 1877, the first hospital was completed and opened for patients, the College being the second medical institution in this country to have its own hospital for teaching purposes. During the thirty years of the existence of its first hospital approximately 2,000,000 consultations were given and nearly 50,000 accident cases treated, more than 10,000 medical students received instructions within its walls. In 1891 a training school for nurses was established in connection with the Hospital. The jefferson Maternity was established as a separate department in 1892, and affords to the students in the College ample opportunities for practical experience in obstetrics. This department now has headquarters at 224 S. Washington Square, with a dispensary at 2545 Wharton Street. 7

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THE CLINIC NINETEEN-SIXTEEN The present college building, devoted to the more formal part of medical teaching, was completed and dedicated in 1899. It is a modern, Ere-proof building, providing lecture and recitation rooms, amphithxeatres, laboratories, library, teaching museum, adminis- trative rooms, research rooms, and other rooms for special purposes. During the erection of the college building, the laboratory building which had been first opened and equipped for teaching chemistry, microscopy and physiology during the session 1878-79, was remodeled and new departments were added. In june, 1907, a new and large hospital was built and opened for the reception of patients. It has accommodations for about 366 patients, and affords students the greatest possible opportunities for medical observation and study. Six operating rooms are available for section teaching, and classrooms are adjacent to the wards. Immediately contiguous to the new hospital is a large clinical amphitheatre, having a seating capacity of 600. ,The out-patient service of this hospital is one of the largest in the World, 124,969 visits being made by patients during the year ending May 31, 1915, and 7725 cases treated in the wards and private rooms of the institution. Through a generous gift from Mr. Daniel Baugh, a Trustee, the Daniel Baugh 'Institute of Anatomy was completed and dedicated in September, 1911. This building is located at Clinton and Eleventh Streets, and is equipped to adequately meet the demands of the department of anatomy, including biology, histology and embryology, affording facilities in these branches which, it is believed, are unexcelled in this country. . The medical service was extended in 1913 by the acquisition of the old Phipps Institute property located at 236 and 238 Pine Street. These buildings were completely renovated and modernized, and now constitute the department for diseases of the chest. Among other men of national and international reputation who have occupied chairs in Jefferson may be mentioned Nathan R. Smith, called by French surgeons the HNestor of American Surgery, john K. Mitchell, first advocate of the cryptogenic origin of acute infectious fevers, and whose son, the eminent S. Weir' Mitchell, was also a son. of Jefferson, Robley Dunglison, the Father of American Physiology, Franklin Bache, who with VVood brought out the first edition of the U. S. Dispemazfovfy, Joseph Pancoast, anatomist and most famous surgeon of his day, I. A. Meigs, the anthropol- ogist, Samuel D. Gross, the first and greatest of modern American surgeons, J. H. Brinton, the founder of the great army medical museum, J. M, DaCosta, the foremost medical diagnostician of his day, Roberts Bartholow, eminent for his early recognition of the importance of sanitary science, VV. S. Forbes, the Father of the Anatomical Act, Drake Mutter, and many others, all of whom exercised a profound influence upon medical history in the United States, and by their associations with Jefferson made the institution famous in medical annals. At the present time there are in the College twenty-one active members of the Faculty of equal rank and responsibility, four emeritus professors and one honorary professor. These men are aided in their work by the assistance of one hundred and nineteen medical men connected with the College and Hospital. From its foundation to the end of the session 1914-15, 13,278 men have graduated from the College. V ERNEsT G. XNILLIAMSON. 9