Ipswich High School - Tiger Yearbook (Ipswich, MA)

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lifilglMll!1lQ1iElliiilwilildlkiiiiilfiiDLIPilflibslixlM511MlEll!!lidMlElBlMlDilElLgliliillgmBMEMIXQIEEIZSIEIQKIIHIIZQMEQIMIKZIEIMIKJUXIMMIEWJMEEHELBI THE FEDERATION OF THE WORLD By jean Herrick HE idea that war can be abolished is not by a11y means a new one. Back in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries men like Grotius who write The Rights of War and Peacev and William Penn who wrote an Essay To- wards the Present and Future Peace of Europef' were thinking seriously about the uselessness of war. In more recent times we have had the League of Na- tions, which came in for so much criti- cism after World War I that the United States Senate would not ratify it. Al- though the League did not prevent World War Il, it was not, as many peo- ple think, a complete failure. As you may remember, the League established the World Court, the International Labor Organization, the Drug and Nar- cotics Commission, and the Health Com- sion - organizations which continued to function until this war. The setting up of a world organiza- tion to prevent war was a difiicult prob- lem, but our statesmen, co-operating with the representatives of other nations, met at Moscow in October 1943, then at Dumbarton Oaks, September 1944, and finally at San Francisco, April 1945, where the UN Charter was signed by a total of fifty nations. Poland, Num- ber 51, signed a few months later. The UN Charter is the constitution of an organization to preserve peace and to promote social progress and better stand- ards of life in larger freedom. In other words the United Nations are going to co-operate socially and politically for a better world. From the six organs of which the UN is composed the General Assembly, the Security Council, and the Interna- tional Court of justice have more to do with political and legal problems than the other three parts of the UN. The General Assembly is the basic organ of the UN - a sort of parliament in which all nations have an equal voice, and its functions tend to be advisory and routine. It is this body of which Mrs. Roosevelt is a member. Our other representatives in the General Assembly are Senator Tom Connally of Texas, Dean Virginia Gildersleeve of Barnard, Senator Arthur Vandenberg of Michi- gan, and Edward Stettinius, who is also on the Security Council. of the General Assembly and investigate any mat- our delegate The purpose is to discuss ter within the scope of the charter. One of the problems discussed by the As- sembly at the London meeting was the site for the UN. Many of us here in Ipswich remember how excited we be- came when it was learned that the in- spection committee was actually con- sidering several places along the North Shore. I imagine it was a definite fac- tor in stirring up the people in this section and in getting them more in- terested in UN affairs. One exception to the problems which the Assembly can 29

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El8IZBlEEBJBllE EEl lE EEEEEEEEMEEEEEEMEEEEMEEEEEEE musclcs, as well as machines run by foot power instead of motor power. Today a young G. I. need not worry about going back to civilian life minus an ear, his nose, or with a badly de- formed face. He has now come to rely upon the plastic surgeon to supply him with whatever he may need and may also feel confident that it will look al- most like a part of his own body. During their whole stay in a hospi- tal, the veterans are constantly taking part in some kind of recreational or in- dustrial program. Even though they may be confined to a bed or a wheel- chair, veterans are urged to participate in some way, because this participation aids in reconditioning battle-weary bodies as well as taking up some of the many hours that have to be spent in the hospitals. One of the most thrilling days of a C. Ifs hospital life is when he graduates from bed and wheelchair sports and ac- tually gets out in the open air to par- ticipate in such sports as baseball, foot- ball, volleyball, horseback riding, arch- ery, tennis, or golf. It is amazing, but true, that boys with artificial legs and arms are able to enter into a fast game of baseball or a rough game of foot- ball. One young veteran who suffered serious trouble after having his feet frozen in a foxhole, recently played on the victorious track team at Manhattan College. The fact is, many boys were professionals before the war and have made up their minds to overcome their 28 handicaps and go on with the job where they left off. Along with hospital care, entertain- ment and letters from home are some of the things that work wonders in speeding up the recovery of the seri- ously wounded. With entertainment these veterans do not have time to slow up their recovery by feeling sorry for themselves, because entertainment builds up their morale while treatment is build- ing up their battle-torn bodies. The future is not a much talked about subject in the hospitals. The patients are too busy thinking about making the present a bright world to live in. Even though the past is not a topic for too much discussion, it is surprising how the morale of the boys is lifted when they are Commended for their contri- bution towards winning the war. Many hundreds of our young men are now leaving hospitals all over the United States to start anew after hav- ing fought and won the battle of life as well as the battle for freedom. Not once during the fight did they give up, and they now can look forward to a much brighter future. Let us help them find it.

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MlEWBllQ E1ElQlEE lEElEilEElElElElSElQiZE ElElElEEllEQilEiEllQQlElElElQlEiEiEElEEE kX3li!QBM discuss is a question which is being taken up by the Security Council. Each of the United Nations is allowed to send a delegation of five represen- tatives and five alternates to every ses- sion of the General Assembly, although each nation has only one vote. The UN pays the travelling expenses of from one to live representatives, but their sal- aries are paid by the countries they represent. Stettinius, for example, gets 820,000 a year paid by the United States government. The president of the As- sembly also gets no UN salary and is in the same way paid by his country. A president is to be elected for each of the regular sessions, which are to begin annually on the first Tuesday af- ter September 2nd and last until all business is disposed of. At the London session in December Paul-Henri Spaak was elected president and will continue in that capacity for the session which resumes next September. The Assembly may also recommend Security Council. Assembly are to reports from the UN, elect World members to the Council, approve any question to the Other duties of the receive and consider other organs of the Court judges, elect Economic and Social the budget, admit or expel members with the recommendation of the Secur- ity Council, elect the non-permanent members to the Security Council, and elect certain members to the Trustee- ship Council. The General Assembly will probably stick to long-term prob- lems of international economics. cdu- cation, and good will. 30 Voting in the Assembly on impor- tant questions is by a two-thirds ma- jority of those members present and voting. On less important questions the voting is by a simple majority. This is a great improvement over the League which required a unanimous vote on almost all matters. The Security Council is the next or- gan of the UN which deals with the political aspect of the UN. Any mem- ber nation of the UN may bring a dis- pute before the Council. This right was exercised by the Iranian govermnent when it presented its case against Rus- sia to the Council last April. The Coun- cil itself may then take measures to deal with any situation that arises. It may resort to force to preserve peace, and all members of the UN are pledged to carry out its decisions. The Council is composed of eleven members - the Big Five who maintain permanent seats and six non-permanent members. The five permanent seats are held by the United States, Great Bri- tain, Russia, China, and France. At present the six non-permanent members, elected by the Assembly, consist of Mexico, Poland, Brazil, the Netherlands, Egypt, and Australia. The purpose of the Security Council is to discuss and investigate any dis- pute which might lead to aggression. As its names implies, this Council is concerned mainly with security, and the members of the UN place the respon- sibility of the maintenance of interna- tional peace on the Security Council.