Ipswich High School - Tiger Yearbook (Ipswich, MA)

 - Class of 1928

Page 12 of 78

 

Ipswich High School - Tiger Yearbook (Ipswich, MA) online collection, 1928 Edition, Page 12 of 78
Page 12 of 78



Ipswich High School - Tiger Yearbook (Ipswich, MA) online collection, 1928 Edition, Page 11
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Page 12 text:

has advanced. The modern news- paper is connected with every hu- man activity. Dir ectly, or indirect- ly, everything contributes to the progress of journalism and every- thing in which the press takes an interest is assured of success. The help science has rendered in the development of newspapers is obvious. When all reading matter was copied by hand, large circula- tions were naturally impossible. The invention of typography first stimu- lated interest in the possibilities of newspapers. For thousands of years the Chinese have used hand- engraved, v ooden plates, but it v as not until the fifteenth century that printing was introduced in Europe. Gutenberg, one of the pioneers of this art, used movable metal char- acters, setting up his type by hand. In 1840 the “London Times” began to operate its presses by mechanical power, enabling it to turn out a larger number of papers in less time, and at greatly reduced cost. Two decades later, competition in the paper trade, improved methods of manufacture, and cheaper trans- portation from the forests to the presses resulted in a reduction in the price of paper and a great im- provement in the quality. . The paper now comes in rolls weighing over half a ton, is fed into the press at the astonishing speed of a hun- dred, or more, miles an hour, and comes out of the machine printed, folded, and piled, ready for distri- bution. A single press is capable of printing 36,000 copies an hour. Methods of tvpesetting have im- proved, as well as the process of printing. A single linotype oper- ator can set as much copy as ten hand compositors and the machine does not reouire that the charac- ters be put back in the fonts, as this is automatic. Stereotvping is another means of increasing speed. Solid metal castings af each page are made, in semicircular form, and fastened onto rollers. The rotary motion, thus made possible, besides being very fast, causes a minimum of strain on the paper and length- ens the life of the machinery. It is not merely in the printing of a paper that journalism is indebted to science. Telegraphy, telephony, radio, railroads, automobiles, steam- ships, and airplanes are used to gather nev.’ s, almost instantaneous- ly, from all parts of the earth and by photography it is presented in an attractive form. The railroad and motor car have enlarged the radius of circulation of a newspaper. In colonial times Boston papers would be a day old before they reached Ipswich ; now they are sold throughout New Eng- land on the dav of publication. In return for the services ren- dered by science, journalism popu- larizes science. Let a discovery or invention be announced before a re- rearch society and it may never be of value to the world or the in- ventor. The public cannot under- stand technicad language and does not demand the invention. But the newspaperman, understanding both the language of the laboratory and of the man in the street, indernrets new discoveries in a Avay both non- technical and interesting, creatmg a demand for the product, resulting in a higher standard of living for man and fame and a pecuniary re- ward for the inventor. To take another example of a field in which journalism has plaved an important part, let us consider politics. One of the basic principles of American government is freedom of the press. The early settlers were people who came because in the colonies they could enjoy priv- ileges not allowed to Europeans. The early papers reflected this de- sire for freedom and boldlv dis- cussed political problems of the day. It is true that, bef ore the rev- olution. the royal governors, to a large extent, curbed this spirit, but with the adoption of the Constitu- 10

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emergency, and to know how to care for the lives of themselves, and of their passengers. As great as aviation has been in the past, so great will the progress of aviation be in the future. One reason perhaps why aviation will make great progress is the change in attitude toward aeronautics. In- stead of its being considered the means of passenger transportation alone, it is thought that the airplane will be used commercially every- where. The air mail system is now installed between the large cities and daily it finds greater approval among business men thereby se- curing the establishment of more air lines. Aviation has set a standard of health, ability, and character that is far higher thon that set by any other science. The aviation schools have greatly helped to bring this about. Rigid rules are en- forced which develop a young man’s health. If he shows lack of ability in flying, he is soon dismissed. And how could his character be otherwise than good v hen he is assisting in the great progress of aviation and is ready to risk his life at anv time ? Lindbergh and Byrd are good examples of men whose characters have undoubtedly been developed by the unstinting service which they have given and are still giving to the world. Floyd Bennett, who sacrificed his life in flying to the aid of the Bremen fli- ers, shows how noble and generous the aviators may be, Avhen called upon. The future of aviation will with- out doubt bring a most remarkable change to the world. At present there are being made many prepa- rations for organized flights into far away lands. Commander Byrd is contemplating a flight to the South Pole which should prove most ad- vantageous in bringing back a more complete knowledge of the earth. General Nobile, in his flight to the North Pole, should secure much more valuable data concerning the North Pole. The flights of others should have the same beneficial ef- fects on science. One of the greatest rewards of aviation, however, will be the closer alliance of nations. As Lindbergh bore the spirit of good will from the United States to France and the good will of France to the United States, so will other aviators bring messages of good will and friend- ship to other nations. First Europe and now the rest of the world will be linked by flight and nations will grow to be next door neighbors. This conquest of the air will prove to be man’s most glorious triumph. Then perhaps in the far distant future “An Airman’s Plea’’ may be granted : “For me the vasts where worlds are built and master-workmen call, Where secrets from the Milky Way with comets flash and fall; Where God makes heroes out of men to lii ht the lower sphere — Shy prophets telling human things that Heaven reaches Here!” — Mary Patch. JOURNALISM IN RELATION TO CIVILIZATION Most of us think of journalism as n modern institution, whereas it is really very old, as we realize when v-e try to define it, Jonj-nalism has been eaPed tFe art of writing for mmiediate publication. Caesar’s eom.mentaries. then, v ere journal- irtlc in nature, because they were intended to show the Roman public what he v as doing in Gaul and to contrast his energy and service to the republic vn ' th the inefficiency and inactivity of the party in power at home. Journalism as popularly con- ceiyed, however, is a distinctly mod- ern deyelopment. In accounting for the growth of journalism, we see that it has ad.yanced as mankind 9



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tion, the American press entered into a period of unprecedented prosperity and political influence. Freedom of the press is one of the main reasons why the United States, which has five per cent of the popu- lation of the world, has forty per cent of the newspapers. It seems to be felt that the press is declining: in political influence. The editorial page is, indeed, less prominent than in the last decades of the nineteenth century and its tone has changed. The thunderous editorial has given way to a quiet discussion of facts, which apparent- Iv leaves the reader free to draw his own conclusions ; in reality, how- ever, the subtle methods in use to- day are far more effective than the blunt, empirical attitude of a gener- ation ago. The modern editor is v ell acquainted with human na- ture : he is an expert in applied psychology. In other words, he knows how to “kid’’ his public along. One of the interesting features of a newspaper is the relation of the editorial policy to the news columns and feature section. Ostensibly, the news is strictly impartial. In reality, it is the editor’s most power- ful weapon. Countless instances might be cited of careers ruined by scandal or other unfavorable pub- licity in the daily press. On the other hand, nothing is so helpful to a man in public life as the kind of publicity a newspaper can give, if the editor desires. Some time ago. President Cool- idge, at a press banquet, asked the press of the country to be Ameri- can. Some papers declared that the president was trying to curtail the freedom of expression of opin- ion, whereas he was merely protest- ing against the policy of the “yel- low press” — those papers which ob- tain a large circulation by catering to popular desires, regardless of the personal convictions of their editors. There are very few who are con- cerned about these publications, as most of them are a negligible factor in politics. The bulk of power is wielded by the middle class papers, not large from the standpoint of circulation, but very wealthy be- cause of their advertising revenues. The vital relation of the press to politics is very apparent but there is another way in v hich journalism has been of even more essential ser- vice in the progress of humanity. It has been the strongest ally of the cause of popular education — neces- sarily so, since such education makes possible the greatness of the press. Previous to the i nvention of the printing press, there was no induce- ment for the great majority of peo- ple to learn to read, for the very obvious reasons that books were not within the reach of their pocket books and, furthermore, nothing was vmtten that they cared to read. Journalism has removed the first of these causes for illiteracy by scientific methods of publishing and by depending upon advertising for eighty or ninety per cent of the enormous revenue required. As to the second cause — that little in literature appeals to the common people — journalism has ac- complished a great deal, not only in informing the world of news events, but on every conceivable subject we may find articles in the daily papers. The average person can truthfully say, with Will Rog- ers, “All I know is just what I read in the papers.” As the papers have come to take their place as the average man’s university, a new profession has grown up. Special feature writing, it is called, and it covers a wide field. A special feature article is any article in a newspaper or other periodical that cannot be classified as an advertisement, editorial, news story, or fiction. However, it may be, and usually is, closely related to one or more of the others. Special 11

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