Ipswich High School - Tiger Yearbook (Ipswich, MA)

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from New York to Paris, whom we ad- mire no less for the more sul)tle courage (lisi)layed than for the daring spectacu- lar type. When in France, amid the popular applause and entertainment, at the banquet toasts were drunk to him in champagne, and he in turn pledged a toast to the French people, though he raised the glass to his lips, the contents did not pass his lips. Again the 15,000 francs offered to him for his unpreced- ented feat, he asked to be used as a memorial to the French aviators. Y expect great things of him if he can keep his self-dontrol and balance amid the general admiration and temptations which are being, and will continue to be showered upon him. Abraham Lincoln ! The great Eman- cipator ! We picture a man, homely but honest, born in the wild and rough state of Kentucky of a poor and destitute family; we think of his privations, his struggles, and hard work ; and then we see him as a member of Congress, a noted politician, yet a man who radiated sympathy, and later as the greatest ])resident the United States has ever pro- duced. Lincoln, if anyone, shows up- rightness and strength, and Ruskin says, “The very word ‘virtue’ means not ‘con- duct’ but ‘strength’ the vital energy in the heart.” Wdien we combine all these outstand- ing qualities of virtue, — quiet power, honesty, sielf-forgetfullness, ' bravery, sympathy, and strength, as we have ob- served them in the characters and per- sonalities of these great men, we have, as a result, an ideal. But there are many people who exagerate the importance of words and who have no regard for vir- tues, and it is this sort of people who instead of doing anything for the up- building of the nation destroy public con- fidence by their hy])ocritical words. Each one of us wants to attain virtue. 1 ' he question is how can it be accom- plished ; — by practice, first in the small things and then in the larger and more im])ortant. Let us strive for success which will be measured not by words, not by wealth, but by virtue ; for this will leave a ])ermanent influence on the lives of others. Let us be remembered for our deeds, and not for our words — “Virtute, non verbis.” Elizabeth Glover. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION W’ireless and radio have come to mean ])ractically the same thing; but, strictly speaking, radio is only one form of wire- less communication. Wireless may ap- ])ly to the various ])rimative forms of signaling such as smoke signals, flash signals from mirrors, light signals, blasts from a whistle, signals with flags, and numerous other methods for conveying a message over greater than speaking distance without the use of wires. Radio, however, is the most important l)ranch of wireless communication. Until 1896 when Marconi demonstrated the electro- magnet wave system everything of this nature was called wireless. His method became so po])ular and showed so much greater efficiency that the others were discarded. “Radio” was given as a name to distinguish Alarconi’s method from the older ones. It would be useless, as well as unin- teresting to try to give all the primative methods of signaling. Several attempts at wireless communication before Mar- coni, however, were notable. In 1842 Alorse sent a message across a canal in Wkishington. He used water as a conductor for the electricity generated on one side of the canal, while he had a receiver on the opposite side. Preece of England in 1882 succeeded m transmitting a message without the use of either earth or water as a conduc- tor. He used two big loops of wire se])arated a half a mile or more. Con- nected to one of these looi)s was a source of electrical power. To the other was connected a tele])hone receiver. The waves made by the ])ower travelled to the receiving loop, making the signals audible. Preece transmitted over what was then considered a remarkable dis- tance. 31

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oiir composition in order that we may he al)le to express ourselves more clearly with reiifard for the fine distinction of meaning so that others may understand us. Ilow we should a])preciate and de- veloj) this marvelous gift of words! i iit sometimes we find one who makes them an end in themselves and then the i)ers- pective is entirely wrong. No truly great man ever reached greatness by mere words ; the deeds that prom])ted those words really decided whether he was great in the highest sense of the word or not. The tendency in this modern Avorld of ours is to give too much credit to pomp and show and too little to the more simple but worth while things in life. Tt Ralph Waldo Emerson recognized this same trend, for it was he who said, What you are speaks so loud I can’t hear what you say.” W ' ords without deeds are fruitless but one can give deeds without words and his life will be well spent. The truth of this is seen through the life and actions of our present president, Calvin Coolidge. Although one o f the most quiet and re- served men we know, he is almost uni- versally loved and esteemed. No nation would have elected a president by popu- lar vote simply because of his eloquence of expression, though, of course, some men have more ability in this art than others. Throughout President Coolidge’s career — as a lawyer, as mayor of North- hampton. as governor of Massachusetts, and in the various other public duties which he has performed, until he at- tained the office which he now holds, his accomplishments, and deeds, and quiet strength have attracted men to him and made them love and honor him. He is a man who surely possesses virtuous qualities, for he displays both purity and firmness in all that he attempts. Honesty is certainly another quality of virtue, and one that cannot possiblv be neglected. It is no recently dis - covered need, for we remember Dio- genes. the cinic ])hiloso])her, who is pic- tured as searching with his lantern for an honest man. W ' hen Mathew Scott Sloan, at the age of twenty-seven, ac- ce])ted an im])ortant ])osition with the Prooklyn hklison Com])any and found that one of the employees was receiving large amounts of money through graft, he realized that he must have honest hel])ers, first of all. lie remembered a ' ■ollege friend, one of whcxse oustanding traits was honesty, who, when his mates would ask him to indulge in a certain ])rank. would always tell them to do it by themselves, — he would have none of it. After sufficient inquiries, he learned that this fellow was holding a moderate- ly successful ])osition in the Middle WTst ; he telegraphed him to come to New York and then offered him a $10,000 salary with promise of an increase as soon as he had learne d the business. Add to these qualities of strength and honesty, that of self-forgetfulness, a mark of true nobility which everyone admires. This world would amount to very little if each one of us thought only of himself, disregarding everything and everyone else. Sir Philip Sidney was an author of the sixteenth century, yet people remember him, not so much for his “Arcadia” or for his daring and splen- did deeds as or his one act of forgetful- ness of self. When he lay mortally wounded on the battlefield, a cup of water was passed to him, and although he was faint and thirsting, he offered it to one who was lying near him, saving. Thy necessity is greater than mine.” The story of the fearlessness and hero- ism of Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, has great attractions for us all. What was it, if not bravery, another of the es- sential qualities of virtue, that she dis- played throughout her whole life? She was the j easant maid who delivered her country and was a martyr in its cause. Her earnestness in carrying out her mis- sion, her power over the soldiers, her courage in battle, her simplicity amid triumph and splendor, and her blameless and holy life all help us to realize the real character of this martyr. W e might mention, as a modern exam])le of bravery and fearlessness. Colonel Charles Lindbergh who re- cently made the first non-stop flight 30

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In 18(S8 Edison suggested that a send- ing station l)e erected consisting of a j)late. sus])ended in the air, connected to a source of })o ver and thence to the ground. His receiving station was to have a telephone receiver connected be- tween the ground and the suspended ])late. This method was successful in a small degree. It was })ut on a train in Lehigh X’alley, being the first recorded time that messages were transmitted to a moving train. Radio of today is not any single dis- covery or invention, but the result of ex- periment and research work of over three quarters of a century. The United States, England, France, Germany, and Italy have played the biggest part in this development. As early as 1886 Heinrich Hertz dem- onstrated the principle of radio trans- mission. He connected the lectrodes of his spark gap to two metal plates which were, in a way, similar to our aerial and ground. On the other side of the labora- tory he had a metal ring with a very small gap in it. He found that the elect- ro-magnetic waves generated by the spark gap would cause a spark to jump across his small gap. Although Hertz’s ap])aratus was used only in the laborato- ry, he was the pioneer of radio. Marconi, an Italian experimenter, rec- ognized the defects of previous efforts to be in the receiver and the aerial. His efforts, therefore, were mainly concen- trated on a more efficient receiver. In 1896 he came to England and carried on tests in which he sent messages two miles. He used large aerials at both sending and receiving stations. In 1897 he succeeded in sending a message twen- ty-four miles. This was an unheard of feat and made radio an important factor in communication. Before this people had scoffed at the idea of ever using ra- dio but now they were compelled to rec- ognize its im])ortance. Companies were formed for the purpose of experimenting with radio. Marconi’s company succeed- ed a few years after his first test in send- ing a message across the Atlantic. At this time electrolytic detectors were used. In 1906 Dun woody of the U. S. Army discovered that carborundum made a good detector. Since then galena, sili- con, and iron pyrites have been used. Detectors em])loying these materials were quite successful and reliable for short distances. In long distance work they were not to be relied upon. The detector for this work was to come with the vacuum tube. The tube was invented by Fleming in 1904 employing two elements. A third element was added to the tube in 1906. It was not used to any extent until Arm- strong brought forth his feedback circuit in 1912. This showed distinct superiori- ty to the crystal detectors. The vacuum tube has made possible the transmission of voice by radio. The first notable transmission of voice was accomplished in 1907 by Fessenden. He transmitted from the Brant Rock to ashington. The fact that voice might be transmitted by radio wasn’t regarded as very important until 1920 when a sta- tion for the broadcast of programs was erected in Pittsburg. The development of radio for amusement since that time does not need to be described. Every- body realizes how important it has come to be. Another development which is indeb- ted to the tube is the radio compass. A ship may be located if its signals are re- ceived by two stations. An extremely sensitive set is used with a loop aerial. The difference of the direction of the aerials, when receiving best, is plotted and the ship is located. Now that it is possible to tell the direc- tion of the broadcaster, engineers are working on a device to transmit in one direction only. The construction of the aerial sends the waA es in a given direc- tion thus making the communication more private and capable of greater dis- tance. This method is being used by the Marconi Company between England and Canada. The transmission of messages across the ocean has become such a stable thing that a radio telephone system between England and the United States was