Indiana State University - Sycamore Yearbook (Terre Haute, IN)

Text from Pages 1 - 212 of the 1913 volume:

G.6N |||il ' iiii|iillTi ' ' J :M ' i:ii ' ' 3 1833 02576 2417 Gc 977.202 T27ad 191:: Indiana State College,, The advance (20:B ©Q SO: (20 eo: £0 ©O: (20B (20 Ad vance June, 1913 ©ejsesQi® SOS esoB eos i£os ©e® esQi® esosi trfte taff EDITORIAL STAFF Ralph C. Shields John M. Eddy - Marjorie B. Cuppy Zelpha Burkett - May Zinck Gladys Rippetoe Raymond Rightsell Rosalie Mitchell Oscar Haney Kennith Mitchell Willard Martin H. G. Lahr Carl Miller Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors Literary Editor Society Editor Exchange Editor Athletic Editor Local and Alumni Editor Senior Editor - Junior Editor [ Sophomore Editors - College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF Walter H. Camahan - - Business Manager Ralph H. Smith - - - Advertising Manager C. B. Fowler Fan a Oscar Haney ' spring i Circulation Manager JPoarb of Control President W. W. Parsons, Ex-Officio Prof. Arthur Cunningham, Chairman Prof. John B. Wisely R. W. Hyndman, ' 13, Secretary E. J. Hammer, C. C. Amy D. Stirling, ' 14 Snbiana ' s; Jgormal Words by Prof. Cukuy. EEEEiiJEE --T— liEEizzziEpSi; up - on the svvell-ing- breez - es, Let our voic - es ring-, di - an - a ' s wind-swept reach-es, Farms and for - ests fair, 3 1. Out 2. In 3. Heart and hand we pledge for - ev - er, Thy g-reat work to do, . ' J - - -___ _ . I g-T J-T - :a=.«=hz== ± As to thee, our Al - ma Ma - ter. Heart-felt prais-e we sing. No - ble com - mon-wealth our Fath-ers Gave in - to our care. And may all thy la - ter chil-dren Find our la - bors true. 3ig zm:r. lizziiziiz i :s.-T= i_-: 1 I I CHORUS, ■hi ' ZT — 1 r — - — - ii - —- In - di - an - a ' : dear State Nor-mal, Friends and com-rades true, izE :t:=r;= ' m - - 1 ' , h— k-« y— h - •- . — - g — ,— 1=- — S — 1 ,_[:_, — , — , — Though the years to Z?=aZTZ=tZitT=lZ US Though the years to come may part us. Hail, all hail to you -|z= =zi=i iilJ I I Snbiana— (! nc Jlunbreb gearg go HOSTILITIES OX THE FRONTIEK. TN the Indiana Territory House Kecords or- - - curs the following entry for February. 11, 181H: ••Whereas, the hostile disposition of the Indians, and the danger to which the village of Vinceiiiir i fhcrc1., -iilij. ■(•(,. ,1. and for the pn ' S( ' r aticiii u ' the piililic .ni- and the records of the territory in tlii . om- pi-rilous situation, make it necessary that the seat of government of the territory should he removed to a place where the archives of the state and the claims of individuals should not be endangered. ' A few ' days after tlie IIoux ' adopted the pre- amble above, together [ a resolution to remove the capital from Vim ennes, the West- eTii Sun at Vincennes published the following : It again becomes our duty to record the melan- choly news of the murder of three more of our fellow citizens by the Indians. In the course of the present week there has not Ijeen less than 15 or ' 20 horses stolen from the neighborhood. It had l)een just fifty years since King George III issued a proclamation forbidding his subjects in America to cross the ridge of the Alleghanies, to enter the fertile valleys beyond. In those fifty years the frontier line of white settlement had been transposed. The tide of settlers had reached the mountain passes, and had flowed through these gateways to Ten- nessee and Kentucky. Again the tide had set in across the Ohio and down this I ' iver until the whole north bank of the river was occupied by white settlements. Time and again the whites had met the red men around the council fires and had impelled them to barter away their lands. Yet not always by jDeacef iil meth- ods, for the Indians fought every inch of the way, trying to save their hunting grounds, their fishing brooks, and their plots of grow- ing corn. This is a romantic period, and full of heroic adventure. The names of Daniel Boone, Simon Kenton, Lewis AVetzel, and scores of others take similar places in the early history of the trans-Allegheny region that the name of Miles Standish fills in the history of Plymouth, or that of Roinulus in the history of Rome. The net results of the period is that the frontier line advanced north from the Ohio, and in 1813 the Indians were again tak- ing their stand against the whites. Indiana had grown from one county with two settlements in 1800 to a territory with a representative government and ten counties in 1813. (See map.) The settlements had ar- ranged themselves in the form of a crescent, resting upon the Ohio, the eastern tijD being near the site of Eichmond, and the western tip near the site of Terre Haute. Kentuckians had been crossing the Ohio into the territory and other Southerners had found their way through Cumberland Gap and down the Ohio to seek their fortunes in the land of promise. Pennsylvania had joined the tide drifting down the Ohio, and other settlers from the new state of Ohio had helped to settle up the AVhitewater basin. Settlements were pushing toward the interior when the Indian hostili- ties in 1811 brought a halt to the advance of the frontier line which began so decidedly fol- lowing the land sales in 1806 and 1807. TECUJITHA. There wei-e various reasons why Tecumtha went on the warpath in 1811, and the most of these causes operated in instigating the In- dians against the settlers in Indiana from 1812-1815. There had been little, if any, open hostilities toward the whites since the treaty wliicli AVayne negotiated witli the various tribes in 1795. Xeitlier Tecumtha nor his father signed that treaty, neither of them being tribal chiefs, but by it the Indians were to give up claim to the southern half of Ohio, which was Tecumtha ' s home. He was of Shawnee i:)arentage, and this tribe was not granted any liome after being pushed out of Ohio. The various tribes in that council tried to get Wayne to divide the country north and west of the treaty line among the Indians, but this he re- fused to do. Consequently, the Shawnee and other Ohio tribes were thrust back upon the western Indians and were compelled either to fight for homes or to beg the hospitality of their allies. The Shawnee and Delaware rested in southern Indiana and lllinnis. where Little Turtle, head chief of the Miami, and leader ot the allied tribes against Harmon, St. Clair, and Wayne in succession, had allowed them to found their homes. In 1803 began a series of treaties in which great tracts of land in In- diana and Illinois were ceded to the whites. Al- thougii nine Shawnee chiefs signed the treaty in 17 ' . . i. only two signed the ti-eaty in 1803. In the series of treaties which followed, the Shawnee were not even consulted. It was clear to Tecumtha that his tribe was rapidly being dispossessed of its homes, while it was not being treated with the same consideration that some of the other tribes were. Consequenth ' . there was general dissatisfaction in the tribe, and among other tribes as well. The climax came in 1809, when Harrison, following the western desire for expansion, and with the president ' s permissidii. iic dtiated two hirgc cessions in In- diana. (Sit iiiaji.) Harrison consulted the Delaware. Potawatomi and Miami, but again the Shawnee were not included. Tecumtha and other warriors thought that these treaties were being made by chiefs who received especial favor from the United States govei-nment. He would do away with the tribal basis of In- dian government, and establish a republican confederacy of all the tribes, from Canada to Florida. In this confederacy, the warriors, and not merely the chiefs, would control the policy of the tribes. No tribe could cede away land without the consent of all the tribes. This was the grandest conception of Indian polity that any Indian ever planned. Tecumtha took advantage of the Indians congregating around his brother, the Prophet and ilagician, and was inciting them to action. WALDO F. MITCHELL, -10, C. C, ' 12 Author of Indiana — One Hundred Years Ago Indians from all the Northwest visited the Proi het ' s town on the Tippecanoe river. By the sjjring of 1810 the dissatisfaction of the vShawnee, Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatomi had become so great that they defied the gov- ernment by refusing to accept the annuity of salt which had been pledged to the Indians in 1803. Harrison tried to quiet the Indians, and Tecumtha met him at Vincennes in a famous conference, but all to no purpose. The Indians grew bolder and moi-e defiant under the leader- ship of Tecumtha and the teachings of the Proj het. The condition at the beginning of 1811 is stated by Lossing as follows: Emissaries sent -Dawson, Harrison; Pirtle, Battle of Tippecanoe; Loss- ing, War of 1S12 ; Dunn, True Indian Stories; U. S. Statutes, VII. out by the British authorities in Canada fanned the tlame of discontent; and Elliott, the old enemy of the Americans, still living near Maiden (across the i-iver below Detroit), ob- serving symptoms of impending war between the United States and Great Britain, was again wielding a jjotent influence over the chiefs of the tribes in the Northwest. Their resources, as well as jjrivileges, were curtailed. Na- poleon ' s continental S3 ' stem touched even the savage of the wilderness. It clogged and al- most closed the chief markets for his furs, and the prices were so low that Indian hunters found it difficult to purchase their usual neces- saries from the traders. At the beginning of ISll the Indians were ripe for any enterprise that promised them relief and independence. ' The Indians, thus aroused, began stealing horses, plundering houses, and committing simi- hir (Iced . thus creating general alarm along the border settlements. In the meantime Harrison had called (nit the militia and had secured reg- ular troops to hcl]) cliastise the Indians. He started witii his army of twenty-four com- panies for the Prophet ' s town, stopping to build Fort Harrison, about two miles north of Terre Haute. By October 28, the fort was completed, and the next day the main body of troops moved on toward Tippecano( . Harri- son defeated Teeumtha and his Indian allies November 7. burned the village, and soon re- turned to Vineeiines. This defeat however, did not alleviate the dissatisfaction of the Indians. BRITISH WAR. C()ni;■ .•- decl:nv(l war against Great Britain •lull. ' lit. IM-J. On Aii-ust 16. Hull surren- dered DL ' truit. The preceding day. the Pota- watomi, who had been killing and harassing in the neighborhood of Fort Dearborn (Chicago), treacherously slew the garrison, together with the women and children inmates of that post, as they were vacating the post to retreat to Fort Wayne. The British and Indians then planned to make a general attack on the fron- tier posts and settlements. The Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Ottawa, Shawnee, and less powerful tribes readily listened to a union and confeder- ation of the tribes to drive back the approach- ing white settlements. The hostiles began to gather about Fort Wayne in August, and made attacks upon the few isolated settlers in the vicinity. A scalping party of Shawnees de- stroyed the Pigeon Boost Settlement, about twenty-five miles north of Jeffersonville. The same day some settlers at Fort Harrison were killed, and on the 4th a general attack was made upon that fort. It was with great diffi- culty that the garrison, aided by the women and children, all under the leadership of CajD- tain Zachary Taylor, was able to defend the place successfully. The next day the Indians made a series of attacks upon Fort Wayne. In one of these attacks they used their cunning bj ' bluffing the garrison with Quaker guns. These were hollow logs fitted up as cannon. However, the e guns caused greater injury to the Indians than to the whites, for when fired the cannon ' burst their bands. As the attacks of the hostiles began to thicken the outlying settlements of whites were de- serted, and the settlers retreated to more thickly settled regions, where block houses were built for protection. len that could be spared joined the army to help in repelling the attacks. Back from the frontier line wherever there was little danger from Indians, immigration and settle- ment continued quite rapidly. The southern part of the Twelve Mile Tract (purchase of 1809. just west of the Greenville Treaty Line) filled up rapidly with settlers. Other settlers, instead of jjushing farther into the interior to settle along the frontier, or perhaps to squat on the Indian lands, now broke into the wilder- ness farther down the Ohio. People began to .settle in small numbers on Little Pigeon Creek, where heretofore there had been only scattered settlements. The greater number of these came from Kentucky. ' Squatters and settlers began miles Register. July 4, ISIS, P. 318. Warrick, Spencer and Perry Counties (1SS5). P. 21. to take out land in the ranges just west of the Second Principal Meridian ' ' (See majD.) This same year. 1812. Hugh McGary made the first permanent settlement at the site of Evansville. ' Thus, the reaction on the frontier and the in- creased immigration, began to concentrate set- tlements more in the older regions — regions in great part which were little settled. Since 1807 the lands in Indiana had been on sale at thi-ee land offices — namely, Cincinnati, established in 1800; Vincennes, established in 180-1. and Jeffersonville, established in 1807. In 1812 the land sales at these offices decreased. The lands were sold in mininum tracts of 160 acres each at a minimum price of $2.00 an acre. Supposing that for each 160-acre tract sold at Vincennes in 1812, one family settled in the Vincennes district (all of Indiana west of the Second Principal Meridian and part of Illinois), then about twenty-four families set- tled in the district ; and about one hundred and eighty-four families would have settled in the Jeffersonville District. In 1811 the number would have been somewhat greater. Not every family of settlers, however, bought land of the government, so the land sales cannot be used to determined jirecisely the number of new settlements. The war along the. Canadian border con- tinued half heartedly. Governor Harrison was given command of the Army of the Northwest, while John Gibson acted as governor of In- diana Territory. The Indians along the Wa- bash, as has been seen, became so threatening that the legislature decided to move the gov- ernment from Vincennes. In his message to the legislature, February 2, 1813, acting Gov- ernor Gibson referred to the frontier dangers as follows: At your last assemblage (Novem- ber 11, 1811), our political horizon seemed clear, our infant territory bid fair for rapid and rising grandeur : our population was high- ly flattering; our citizens were becoming pros- ' IMd, p. 587. ' Tanclerburg County, (1SS9) P. 94. perous and happy, and security dwelt every- where, even on our frontiers. But alas! the scene has changed The aborigines, our former nrij iiliiir ;nid friends, have become our most inwtcraic Inrs. They have drawn the scalping knife and raised the towahawk. and shouts of savage fury are heard at our thresh- olds. Our frontiers are now wiles, and our inner settlements have become frontiers. ' ' The war was not 3 ' et supported very en- thusiastically in the territory. Gibson lamented the lack of patriotism shown by the men, and urged that a better spirit be shown to meet the attacks of the enmies, and to carry the war into the enemies ' camps. The following advertise- ment in the Western Sun, January 30, 1813, il- lu.strates one of the d ifficulties in keeping a frontier army together. TEN DOLLARS REWARD. ' •Deserted from Fort Harrison, on the 3rd of December, 1812, William A[ ] a private soldier of the United States Army, aged 21 years. Desertions were frequent, especially when the campaigns were extended, so the problem of discipline was raised to a maximum. About a week after Gibson addressed the leg- islature on the poor support given the anny, the people of the Northwest, and, in fact of all the United States, were shocked at the follow- ing awful news from the commanding general : HEADQUARTERS Camp on Carrying Creek, fifteen miles from the Rapids of the Maumee Eiver. January 2i. 1813. My Dear Sir (Governor Shelby of Ken- tucky), The greater part of Col. Wells ' s regiment U. S. infantry, and 5th regi- ment Kentucky infantry, and Allen ' s rifle regi. under the immediate orders of General Win- Western Sun, (Vincennes) Feb. 6, 1813. Chester, have been cut ti) pieces by the enemy, or taken i risoners. Great as the calamity is, I still hoi3e that as far as it relates to the objects of the campaign, it is not irreparable. William Henry Harrisox. His excellency. Gov. Shelby. ' Most probably the news of this defeat of Winchester ' s army was the immediate factor in causing the capital to be moved from Vin- cennes, to Corydon, for the legislature at ' ted at the time of receiving the news. IMMIGRATION DURING THE WAR. In spite of the continued hostility and the unfortunate camijaigns on the northern border, the settlements in 1813 increased. Although land sales very materially decreased in Ohio during this year, in Indiana they increased about 57% at Jefferson ville, over the preceding year, and about 35% at Vincennes. At Jeffer- sonville the sales were the greatest they had ever been, and at Vincennes greater than in any previous year except in 1807. when the great sales began. Purchases continued to be made where there was little danger from In- dian attacks. The new town of Eising Sun, in Dearborn County (now Ohio County, since 1844), was laid out by a planter who had come from ] r:uyliind a few years previously. ' On INIiinli J. IM. ' ). the first tree was cleared away for the building of the town of New Albany. ' Farther west great changes were taking place. Knox County was the largest county in the ter- ritory, and until 1807 had been the most popu- lous part of the territory. Ever since Indiana had been erected into a territory, and even be- fore, immigrants had been settling in the Wa- bash basin, both above and below White river. Others had made clearings in the basins of the two White rivers. Still others had settled along the old Buffalo Trace, which led from Louisville to Vincennes. These settlements become more frequent after the passage of the slavery act, and the opening up of more lands No. 4, P. 6. for settlement in 1805. By 1S13 these settle- ments had increased enough, largely because Indian hostilities larevented settlements on the border, that the legislature felt justified in erecting two new counties, out of the southern part of Knox County. (See map.) Warrick County was to contain all west of the Principal Meridian and south of the line between town- ships three and four south. Gibson County was north of AVarrick County. Ci greater importance. The farmers took their flour, corn, whiskey, and meats to New (Or- leans by flatboat, just as Lincoln did later. In order to facilitate navigation on Whitewater river, the legislature declared that stream navi- gable from the Ohio state line up the river, and its west branch to the three forks. The county courts in the various counties through which the river ran were instructed to lay the river off into divisions, and to appoint an overseer over each division. These overseers were to call out the men to clear the river for naviga- tion, just as they were called out to work the roads. ' This legislature also passed an act regulating exportation. It provided for the inspection of flour, beef, and pork that were packed for shipment. A barrel of beef or pork should contain 200 pounds, and should be branded. Indiana Territory, Mess Beef. Prime Beef, Mess Pork, and Prime Pork, according as it was first or second grade. A barrel of flour should contain 196 pounds, and should be branded superfine, fine. or middlings, ac- cording as it was of first, second, or third quality. Later in the year the legislature cut off the northern part of Harrison County and erected a new county — Washington. Thus in one year three new counties were erected, making the total number ten. Territorial Laws, 12 6M, P. 4. Ibid. P. 58. HOSTILITIES LESSEN, 1814. Ill the later part of the year Perry won his faiiKius victory on Lake Erie, and a little later Harrison defeated the British at tlie Elver Thames. The war was then transferred farther east, to the Niagara frontier, but In- dian hostilities continued on the Indiana bor- der. On the western border, along the Wa- bash, hostilities continued till the end of 1815. Occasionally murders were reported, and stock was frequently run off. The Western Sun, Au- gust 14 ' . 1814. stated that a number of horses had recently been stolen from Busseron Creek, north of Vincennes. and that near Fort Har- rison thirty-two horses and a large number of cattle had been stolen by the Indians. On tlie eastern border of Indiana, along the upjjcr branches of the AThitewater and East AVhite River, the settlers began to feel secure about the middle of the year 1814. The Brit- ish war had not yet ceased, so this cessation of Indian hostilities on the eastern frontier may ha e lieen due to the treaty of peace and alli- ance which Cass. Harrison, and Shelby nego- tiated with the Wyandot. Delaware, Shawnee, Potawatomi and Kickapoo, July 22, 1814. This treaty Avas made in pursuance of a letter from the War Department, instructing those officeis to ally the Indians to the United States against Great Britain. It was signed by 112 Indians, including the three head chiefs of the Wyandot. Delaware, and Shawnee tribes — all three of whom signed the treaty negotiated by Wayne in ITO.j. It might be added that the United States later granted about all of these signers individual grants of land in Ohio. SI ' KfTLATIOX BEGIXS. As hostilities ceased in the eastern jiart of the territory in 1814. settlers came in in great numbers. On the seaboard, times were dull, the coast was blockaded, taxes were high, and the currency was in disorder. Neither was agriculture flourishing, so there began a flow of State Pioneer Convention, Oct. 2, 1878, P. 382. (In- dianapolis.) McMaster, Hist, of the People of the U. S.. IV, P. 383. Matthews, L. K.. Expressio is of Xew England, P. 201. emigration westward that threatened to de- populate some of the eastern states. The legis- latures of Virginia and North Carolina la- mented this great exodus of their people. Dearborn County received a goodly share of the emigrants, including some New England- ers. The additions of population to this county were such as to warrant the formation of a new county, Switzerland, out of Jefferson and Dearborn Counties, with about the same boundaries as at present. The main settle- ments of Switzerland County were those of the Swiss colonists who had settled there in 1802, to start the culture of grapes. Vevay, which had been laid out in 1813, was made the county seat. It was only a collection of huts, but it began a period of rapid growth. Farther down the Ohio, the town of Evans- ville was laid out. and the lots were put on sale. The site for this future city was cie- scrilied as having ' ' an excellent harbor for boats, and as to situation, it is perhaps sur- passed by none in the western country. The proprietor thought he could see its advantages for inland trade. He predicted that the time was not distant when merchant s and traders will from economy, transport their goods across from Evansville to Princeton and Vin- cennes, in jjreference to the circuitous route of the Ohio and Wabash rivers. However, the town did not grow much during the next two decades. There was another town advertised a few miles from Evansville as being a possi- ble center for the inland trade. The .settle- ments along this part of the Ohio had been so much augmented l)y the middle of 1814, that the legislature which met in August, erected two new counties out of Warrick. Posey was between the Ohio and Wabash rivers, and Perry was just west of the Principal Meridian. Warrick was between these two counties. With the increasing immigration, the land sales increased greatly. At Vincennes the in- crease wa- -4. i ' f. and at Jeffersonville it was 1S14, p. 18. 130%- The sales at Jefferson ville still re- mained about three and one-half times the sales at Vincennes, thus showing that the greater part of the settlers was stopj ing in the eastern part of the territory. Farther east, the sales at the Cincinnati ottice were also great. crnnEXCY and baxkixg. With the rise in the sales of lands arose also the demand for more money. There were no banks in the territory in which the government could di ' iiosit the money collected at the land oilicc-, X) {][ ' ] niniicy was taken east for de- po itiiig. thus (li-aining coin from the west. The ])e()ple of the west bought more goods of the east than the east bought of the west, so the balance must be paid the east in money. These two drains upon the supply of money in the west was so great that the jjeople of the west were badly in need of some form of money. They saw that the easiest way to get money was to cn alc Iiaiil . which could make money as fast as |iiiiiicr- muld print the bills. So. the legislaturi ' which met for the first time at the new capital at Curydon. in the summer of 1S14. chartered two banks, the Vincennes Bank and the Farmers and Mechanics Bank of Madison, the seat of Jefferson County. This last liank was to prove a boon to the farmers in the community, and it aided the merchants in their transactions with New Orleans and the east. There were now three main ways in which money was secured for investments. The cam- paigns in the west had brought a good ileal of money to this region, as the contractors and merchants were paid for furnishing supplies for the army. The ciuuinual -trcam of immi- gration brought in money to invest. The banks could issue paper money almost without limit. Consequently, a period of active speculation in town lots began. During the year 1815. pro- prietoi-s of various towns along White river and the Wabash advertised their towns for sale. Although the Indians still were hostile along Senate Doc. Cong. 30. Sess. 1. Doc. 41, P. 67(t. 22E.sorey, L., State Banking in Indiana, P. 221ft. ' Western Sun, June 20, 1S15. the Wabash, the town of Carlisle on the Bus- seron, north of Vincennes, was advertised for sale as being in the midst of a flourishing set- tlement. ' For the next few years, speculation was so extensive that in 1819 the president ol the Vincennes bank wrote : Our banking capi- tal, here in the west, is all tied up in city im- provements, and there is none to mo ' e our produce. PEACE RESTOKED — EFFECT. In the first part of 1815 it became known in the west that peace had been decided uj on be- tween United States and Great Britain. With the return of peace, great quantities of cheap English goods were put upon the American market. The New England goods, too, found again a ready market in the west. By the mid- dle of the year the Vincennes merchants had laid in a handsome a,ssortment of New Eng- land cotton cloths. ' ® The whole country bought more goods than the needs and demands of the con.sumers warranted. With the retux-n of peace, immigration into Indiana increased. In his message, December 1, 1S15. Governor Posey said: Our emigration which is rapidly populating our fertile lands, in a little time will enable us to be admitted into the political family of the union, as an in- dependent state. Permit me to recommend to the legislature the propriety as well as the jus- tice of imposing as moderate taxes on the emi- grants to this territory, as may be compatible to the 23ublic interest. Most of them have moved from a great distance, at a considerable expense. They have to encounter many diffi- culties in opening their farms for cultivation, before they can derive a support, much more a ]n-ofit from them; and consequently their abil- ity will 1)0 lessened from contributing largely for a short time to the public exigencies. This document expresses the essence of settlers ' troubles — getting on a paying basis after ex- pending so much of their limited capital to get to the new country and to pay for their farms. s ' Amer. State Papers. Finance, III, P. 734. Western Sun. April 8, 1S15. Niles Regster, IX. P. 351. It took most of the first year to get a small clearing made. Even on prairie land, it was a great task to get the sod broken and the soil subdued for the planting. Labor was scarce, and there was little money to pay for that which was available. All of these factors, to- gether with many others, made the task of forming a new settlement a difficult one. The capital of the west was thus used up in getting started and in investments, so that there was little left to use in getting crops to a market. It was well that the territory made the taxes as light as possible. In the meantime the ferries across the Ohio, and the roads leadiiig north from them had not been idle. Kentuckians had been crossing the Ohio at Henderson, and settling in Posey and Warrick Counties, and the western part of Gibson County. Another road led toward the interior from the crossing at Rockport. Farther up the Ohio, another road led north from the crossing at Blue river, into Washington and Harrison Counties. By 1815 enough settlers had followed this route and other routes to ju.stify the formation of two new counties. Orange County was to consist of the territory from twelve miles west of the Prinrijial le- ridian to eiglit miles cast, and uorlli i)f Perry and Harrison Counties to tlie Imlian boundary line of 1809. Jackson County was to lie east of Orange, west of range eight east, and north of the Muskatatack. to the Indian country. Both of these counties were in the basin of East Wliite river. ' STATEHOOD. The legislature followed the suggestion of the governor, and petitioned congress to be al- lowed to pass into statehood. This petition stated that the inhabitants were principally composed of emigrants from every part of the union, and as various in their customs and sen- timents as in their persons. However. South- erners still predominated in numbers, especially in the southern and western parts. The petition asked for an enumeration, which was taken. This census showed a total popu- lation of 63,897— more than the 60,000 neces- sary to pass to statehood. This census also re- vealed the fact that the population was push- ing toward the interior, and away from the Ohio. In the Whitewater basin. VA ayne and Franklin Counties (see map) ; Randolph had not yet been erected), neither of which touched the Ohio, contained a larger population than Dearborn. Switzerland and Jefferson, by 30%. The three counties. Posey. Warrick and Perry, all on the Ohio (practically same territory as comprised Warrick in 1S13). did not have a combined population equal to any one of the interior counties. Of all the eight counties on the Ohio, only Clark and Harrison had a popu- lation equal to the interior counties. More than 71% of the population was east of the Second Principal Meridian. The line between ranges five and six east would have divided the population into two almost equal groups. About one-third of the population wa in the three counties. Clark. Harrison and Wasiiiiig- ton. In this i-riisiis the newly erected counties were counted as part of the original counties out of which they were formed. This census showed two regions more densely populated than any others — the upper Whitewater and the region west and northwest of Jeflersonville. about the new capital. Corvdon. The petition asking for statehood also asked that 7% of the moneys received for the sales of public lands be granted the new state to be used as it saw fit. When Ohio became a state it was provided that 2% of the sales should be devoted to the building of the National Eoad within the state, and 3% be given to internal imj rovements and education, but Indiana asked for more. However, she got only the 5%. It was also asked that Section 16 in each township be granted the state for school pur- poses; that in counties where Section 16 had already been disposed of, other lands be given instead: that township 2 S. of R. 11 W. be = Census of 1S16, in Cockrum, Pioneer Hist., P. 390. granted for iin academy; and that a township ))e fiiven foi- a college. All of these school lands were yranted the state, on the condition tliat jMirchasers of public lands should be free from taxation on the land purchased for five years after tlie purchase. Saline lands (lands about salt wells), not to exceed thirty-six sec- tions, were grant( d the state, and four sections were granted the state for a site for a capital. ' The state boundiuw w;is extended ten miles farther north. SETTLEKS ' RIGHTS. One of the rea.-on given for asking as much as 7% of the iu-occim1s of the lanas was that the settlers had cndiin-d many dangers and hardships to found sell Icnicnts in this wilder- ness, as a ronseiiuence of which the gmcrnment lands were enhanced in value. It was thought that this fact would justify the settlers in ask- ing for a large per cent, of the sales. These settlers had ])olitical theories almost as acute as those of the French philosojjhers. although they were ncwr displayed unless the pi(.)neers tlionght their riglii were being interfered with. At the hitter part of 1815. some of the settlers and squatters thought the general government was interfering with their rights. For about seven years the boundary of the Indian eouiilry in Indiana had been stationary, but the fron- tier line of settlement had moved onward, and many squatters could be found on Indian soil. where they had no legal right to be. So. on December 1. ). Isl. . the United States executive, throngh the proper official, issued a proclama- tion ordering all such squatters to remove from such locations, and he gave the military officers orders to remove them. A storm of protests en- sued, but it seems that perha|)s a majority of the squatters did not take the proehnnation seriously. However, one editorial writer under the name of Farmers ' and Patriots ' Rights, vigorously asserted the rights of the squatters, and manifested the high patriotism ( ? ) shown by them as they kept in awe for the last three years, a savage foe, whose tomahawks and ' Western Smu Jan. 27, 1816. sealiiing knives would otherwise have glittered in our houses. Are they, he said, ••when danger has ceased to threaten, to l)e called Kiiiiiforvied or evil disjmsed and ordered off the land their presence alone has heretofore secured? This writer maintained that the pre-emjDtion laws passed at various times by congress were as surely violations of the law for preventing squatters from settling on In- dian lands as settling there was a violation. He argued further that the president had trans- cended his power in ap])lying the law. inas- much as the law re |uired thirty days notice lie- fore the settlers could be removed. He con- tinued: Can it be contended that when con- gress and the United States executive set an act at deHanee. that the people should not? His llnal argument was that such a policy of re- moval would injure the territory by weakening the frontier, by taking away those daring men who had been keeping back the Indians. Force is given the.se arguments when it is re- membered that because of the recent hostilities, many of the settlers could not pay the final or fourth annual installment on their farms which (hey had purchased from the government. Upon this failure to make the final iiayment, the st ' ttlers were obliged to forfeit their farms back to the government, thus losing what they hail already paid down. Such losses during the hostilities w-ere comparatively great, run- ning up to several thousand dollars. In 181; more than half as much land reverted to the government as was bought. The same persons who were obliged to lose money because of the hostilities were the men who had been engaged in jn-otecting the frontier — which protection emibled the government to sell the lands at bet- ter advantage. These losses helped to unify the settlers in their expression of what they called their rights. in SII TO THE WABASH, 181C. By the summer of 181() the lands along the Wabash (as far north as Clinton), and inland for manv miles east of the Wabash, were sur- Western Sun, Ja Feb. 23. 1S16. veyed. and put on sale at Vineennes. ' Troops and travellers had passed over these lands, and had sent far and wide glowing accounts of the hinds along the Wabash. All the west had heard of the prairies about Fort Harrison. In- dian hostilities had ceased the jireceding year, and the territory ' s liecoming a state advertised the new region all the more. So a great flood of emigration started toward the west, and a large. ]iart of it turned into the Wabash basin. In one day, fifty wagons crossed the Musk- ingum at Zanesville, Ohio, all bound west. Indiana afforded cheaper lands than Ohio, so the tide of settlers flowed over and around Ohio to settle on the Wabash, and the lower White river. It is said that 42.000 came to Indiana in 1816.= The land sal,-, incivax-d (■ni.niii,u ly at Yincennes. In IM. ' i iln ' sal. ' -, tlici-c had Kimmi only S0% as great a- at .IcIl ' .Msonxillc. I,iii in 1816, although at Jeffersonville the sales in- creased 30%, the sales at Vinceimes were greater than at tlir otlici- otTice —in fad. tlicv had increased li ' . i ' , . Many pcoph- canir lnwu the Ohio, other- ci ' o-scl over from Kentucky. but the majority came overland. They came Tn all manner of ways. Joseph Liston came from Ohio to Vigo County, brin-ing his family with him. Ilr pill liis liiJii-clidlil -(mmI on om- linrsi ' . and placed hi- two l„,y-, on loi) of the goods. His wife rodi ' the other lior ' and carried the .voungesi child, while another was tied on be- hind her. Mr. Liston walked behind. This was but a type of the innnigrant family daily arriving on the Wabasli. . stiidy of the im- migration to Vigo Coiiuty -hows that the ma- jority of the permanent settlers were from Ken- tucky, Ohio. New York, and Xorth Carolina. The nativity of neighboring counties was simi- lar, except that the Quakers from North Caro- lina were a more ijroniinent element in the early settlements. Speculation in towns cuntiniUHl for the next two years. Richmond and Terre Haute, and many other towns were laid out in ISKi, and their lots were advertised for sale. In one day, $21,000 worth of lots were sold at Terre Haute. The best lands about Fort Harrison were quick- ly sold at five to ten dollars per acre. During the fall of ISlC. OOC, tracts of 160 acres each were sold in the Yincennes district. ' ' Specula- tion was playing a good part in the .sales. By the middle of 1818. Davie-. .Sullivan. Pike. Jenning.s, Dubois, Raiulolph. Kiplev, Scott. Yanderbiug. S|iencer. Crawford. Vigo, and Monroe Counties had been erected. There were in all twenty-eight counties where there were ten counties five years before, and by the end of 1S18 Owen and Fayette Counties ' had been erected. FIUITS OF (iI!0 Tir AND SPECri.ATION. Indiana ha,l been enjoying a period of un- usual growth and pro.-perity since ISU. hut this prosperity wa more apparent than real. I)ad banking, exce-ive -penilal ion. and a mis- use of credit had brought on conditions thai were lo check the growth of the west- ern states. Thi ' president of the State Bank of Indiana, in a letter, dated January 9, 1819, and addressed from Yincennes to the secretary of till ' Fnited States treasury, stated the condition as follows: ••Tlie pivsi ' iit situation of the western people is di-tre-ing: tlu y cannot get for their pro- duce one diillar of the kind of money that will lie rec-ei (Ml in payment of their debts to the Fnited States. It is not for want of a sufficient quantity of ])roduce tliat the western people ilo not pay tlii ' ir debts. l)ut for want of system in briniiiiii2- the proiliicts of their labor to its proper ' market. The banks ..f the Fnited Stales west of the mountains issue l)Ut few notes, and thesi ' few are immiMliately cullected banks of the western country have generally perverted the system of banking, and, instead of encouarging and fostering those who were emplo.veil in coilei-tiiig and exporting the pro- •See Map in . Repf, ' ■ ■Niles Register. Nov. 2 ' ' McMaster. V . P. 159. ■Soiate Doc. Cong. 3 0, Ses5 Register, Oct. 12. 1810, (liicr fniiii which their country derives its Mealtli. they have built up tiieir capital in cities and towns, from which they may, perhaps, de- rive the interest of their money, but cannot ao-ain witlidraw their funds, at least for a long time. ■ An English farmer liviiio- near Triuceton stated the economic an l Mn ' ial roudilioii as seen throua-h the eves of an KnqHshm,,, lie said: ••.M,,uev raniiut l,e o-niuci by cuh i val i,.u. There is nn ,-.Miaiii -(kmI niarUcI: farm produce may. pvi vour niouey ,.f ih. ' cheats and scum of so- ciety who Hve here. l ' ,oth d ' liiese men saw the real cause of the depression of 1819. and all the Westerners felt it keenly. Economic distress Yas felt quite generally in 1818. Lands had been bought on four years ' credit, so nearly all the purchasers were in debt to their neigliliors or to the banks. Indiana passed a law in IMS for the executicm of the estates of insoJNcut lcbtors. ' I ' ld, seemed to be a fair law. but it naturally worked liard- shi]is on the debt(U-s. who could get no sound money with wlii. ' h to pay their debts. During the seven years following the expiration (d ' the first United States Bank in 1811. there was a i:)eriod of reckless banking. A great many state and private banks had sprung up. and these had quite generally issued several times as much paper money as they could redeem. James Flint, a judicious Scotch traveller who spent a part of the year 1819 at Jeffersonville, described the situation of the banks as follows: The total number of the-e eslablishmeuls in the Tuited States, could not. perhaps be ac- curately stated on any gi en day. The enu- meration, like the census of ])opulation. might l e eflVctcl by the births and deatlis. The cre- ation of this vast host of fabricators, and ven- ders of base money, must form a meuu.rable epoch in the history of the country. It is b ut just to the Farmers and Mechanics Bank of Madison, however, to observe that it fared ■ ' • .A.mer. State Papers. Finance, III, P. 735. ™W. Faux-s Journal, Nov. 3, 1S19, P. 222. Thwaites. R. G,. Early Western Travels. IX. P. 133. ' iState Papers, Cong. 17. Sess. 1. Vol. 6, Doc. 66. P. better than the state bank and most private banks, for it continued to pay specie until all state bank paper was refused at the land offices, and even then it continued to favor the farmers of the Jetfersonville land district by redeeming its bills when presented by persons indebted to the Jelfer.sonville office. AVhen it. was found that more paper money had been issued than could lie redeemed, such money depreciated in value. The branches of the Second United States I ank which began operations in 1817, sustained .serious losses be- cause of the wretched condition of the currency. If it accepted paper money at par, for gold, silver or United States bank notes, it could not dispose of such ])aper at par. The .secretary of the treasury in 1818 ordered the land office, in- cluding that at Jeffersonville and Vincennes, to accept for lands purchased only money that was payal)le on demand in legal currency of the United States Bank. ' ' The United States Bank then ordered its cashiers to accept only its own notes and .specie. Since the land offices could accept only United States liank notes and specie, a great hardshi]) was thrust upon the debtors of the west. How couhl they pay for their farms ' ? Suppose they did raise good crops and a large surplus of hogs and cattle, when they sold them (if they could find a mar- ket ) they wouhl be paid in notes issued by state or private baid -. This money woidd not be acceptable at the land offices in payment for their lands. Specie and United States bank notes were so scarce that not enough could be kejit in the west to serve the general needs for money. The debtors were really in an aggra- vating and embarrassing , ' ,Mi.liti..ii. They laid the blame f u- this condition .ii the United .States bank. an l in this they weiv led by the t crested in the branches of the state bank. The goNcrn.ir in his message of 1818-1819, in re- ferring to the economic condition, said that in ■i- ' The State Constitution of Indiana prolilbited tliat Bank from having oflices in Indiana. Dewey. Fitiancial Hist, of the U. S., P. 2 28. E.sarey. Indiana Banking, P. 223. =Esarey, Indiana Banking, P. 229. the proportion in wliich the debtors found it difficult to get money with which to pay their debts, there would be counnensurate oppor- tunities for speculation for those who can com- mand funds which are receivable, unless con- gress shall interfere in their behalf. If land could be paid for only at a heavy discount on the moncA ' which the farmers were compelled to accejjt at par for their produce, this discount was, the governor said, an indirect but exor- bitant tax on the farmer. He said that there were two reasons for this condition : ( 1 ) There was a mere regulation adopted to the interest of the stockholders of the national bank. He thus referred to the fact that this bank would accept only its own notes and specie. (2) The National Bank was aided in this purpose by the treasury department, which refused to ac- cept fnnii tlic tanners anything but specie and currency of the United States bank. Undoubt- edly he was expre.ssing the general view of the west at that time. The Westerners did not realize that their own bad banking and exces- .sive speculation were responsible for this de- pi-essing economic condition. RELIEF FOR THE FARMERS. The state legislature came to the aid of the debtors, and passed a law to go into effect in January, 1819. The amount of personal prop- erty exempted from sale under execution for debt was considerably enlarged by one act. A creditor was compelled to accept the paper of the state bank and its branches, and of all other chartered banks whose money was current with the merchants at the time, or, should the creditor refuse to accept it at par, the debtor should have a stay of execution for one year. In other words, those to whom money was due were compelled to take in payment money at par that might really vary a great deal from par value. Obviously, this law was partial to the debtor, entirely unfair to the creditor, and, under conditions less distressing, would have api eared to be a disgrace upon the legislature. Niles Register. Supplement. XV, P. 77 ' State Laws, 1818- ' 19, P. 142. Western Sun, June 7, 1819. This legislature also passed an act ordering that all county and state collectors of revenue should collect the bills of the state bank and of about all the state and private banks of the surrounding states, as long as such paper passed current in the state. The notes of the United States Bank were not included in the list. Such legislation soon raised opposition on the part of certain classes, for it was evident that the law passed for the relief of debtors was aimed as much for the relief of the state bank and its branches as of the debtoi-s. A meeting of citizens was called at Salem in Washington County, and resolutions were adopted condemning the banking system of the state as injurious and dangerous. These people maintained that its influence was already too prevalent in our legislative councils. By the fall of 1819 the people and editors in the west had begun quite generally to awaken from their dreams and delusions.. One west- ern editor wrote: There is one cause in the western country which has operated very pow- erfully in producing the present state of things, and which must continue to operate in the same way: I mean, speculations in the public lands. Capitalists, both real and fictitious, have en- gaged very extensively in this business. The banks have conspired with the government to promote it; the former by lending money to the speculators, and the latter by its wretched system of selling the lands on credit. Nearly all the money which is paid goes over the mountains; the government has but little use for it in the western country. This last fact occasioned a real grievance. The state bank petitioned the secretary of the United States treasury to allow the surplus moneys collected at the Vincennes land office to be deposited at Vincennes. so that they could be used. The petition continued: Your memorialists are strongly of opinion that the citizens of this state have a righf° to the use of the public moneys raised within this state, when they are not wanted by the government, an opinion in which they believe they are seconded by tlie unanimous voice of their fellow-citizens of this state. This bank was given the right to de- posit the public moneys, but it soon failed ut- terly in its business. By the end of 1819 popular sentiment had softened toward the United States Bank. The legislature which met in December of that year authorized state and county collccinr hi ac- cept notes of the banks of the I ' micd Stales or its branches, or in the notes of the chartered banks of this state or their branches, or any of the state banks and branches of other states, that pass at par within this state. ' ' This legislature also passed one of those in- genious laws for the relief of debtors. By this act, if a debtor could not meet his obliga- tions, the sheriff should provide for an inquest of five respectable freeholders, who should estimate the value of the property of the debtor whose ijrojDerty was to be sold under execution. Xo property was to be sold ' for less than two- thirds of the returned value of the inquest. ' If the property would not sell for at least two- thirds of its assessed value, then there should be a stay of execution for one year. It is ob- vious that in a community where nearly all the people were debtors, it would almost be im- possible to get five respectable freeholders who would assess the property low enough that it would find a ijurchaser even at two-thivds its (hssem-d value. This law is typical of many laws that were passed for the relief of debtoi-s during this financial crisis. Congress also came to the relief of the debtors. In fact, relief acts in some form or other had been passed by congress nearly every year since lands were put on sale in Indiana, in 1818, 1819 and 1820. relief acts were passed for the benefit of debtors. By these acts. debtors whose lands were subject to forfeiture, were given an extension of credit for one year, if the holding did not exceed 640 acres. By the last of these acts the final jjeriod of foi-- feiture was extended to March 31, 1821. Doc. 66. p. 47. I.. ND SYSTEM REVISED. Other national legislation which did more to relieve the debtor class than any other laws yet passed, was to follow — legislation which would jirevent men from getting into debt to the government. All the factors mentioned by observers, farmers and statesmen as being in- strumental in bringing the economic distress upon the west in 1818- ' 19 possibly operated. Extravagant living and excessive buying from the east; the drain of money from the west through the land offices; reckless speculation in lands and town property; bad and careless banking; the restrictions placed by the secre- tary of the treasury upon the kind of money that would be received from the land pur- chasers — all these undoubtedly operated in bringing disaster to industry in the west. But one factor stands out distinct and fundamental, and above all the other causes that were influen- tial in bringing on the depression. The credit Hy stern had been abused. Banks and individ- uals had loaned money without sufficient secur- ity, on investments that w ' ere not likely to pay dividends. The United States goernment had unduly encouraged speculation since 1800 by giving four years ' credit to purchasers of lands. As a result, the greater part of the peoj le in the west were in debt, and could not meet their obligations. Tiiey had bought be- yond their capacity to pay. By December 31, 1820. the total indebtedness at the land offices in Indiana alone was $2,214,168.63, which amounted to a per rapifa indebtedness to the government alone of $1.5 in a population of 147.178. In a country where accciilablc money was not to be had, this was virtual liaiikrii[)tcy. The past twenty years of the en dif si sfr n in the operations of the pnblii ' hind sales had shown its incomjietency. It had worked disas- trously for the jjeople for whom it was devised — for the settlers. In 1820 congress passed an act establishing a new system of land sales — a fdsh si stem. Treat, the historian of the early operations of our national land system, says of Host important piece tile .-ougTess of the iIh ' ])i-iiR-iples of the 17s. ). Bv it. credit this act. that it •• va of hind legishition confederation hi id ( American land ysi was abolished, and the minimum price was re- duced from $2.00 to $1.2.j per acre. The mini- mimi tract was reduced from 160 acres to 80 acres, as had been done for certain sections in each township in 1817. ' RECIPEKATION. The west could not expect to return to its normal condition at once. As David Brown, the new president of the bank at Vincennes, wrote to the secretary of the treasury, April . . 1821, It must be a gradual work, and a steady perseverance will accomplish it. ' ° The new land system helped in this, for it required that prospective land jjurchasers bring their money with them. The General Land Office helloed. too, by arranging to deposit the surjDlus money from the sale of puljlic lands in various state and private banks throughout the west, so that it might enlarge the amount of much needed sound money Tiie mania fur M-lling tnwii lots sulisided. and men gave ii|i their dreams of immediate weahli. for more -oher considera- tion- . The west va- Ix ' giuning to recover from its awful delirium. One hundred years ago Indiana was engaged in a five year period of frontier hostilities. which lasted till the middle of 1814 on the eastern border, and till the end of 1815 on the Wabash. During this period the continual migration consolidated the territory in the older regions, and the increased migration in 1814 and 1815 enabled the territory to liecome a state in 1816. As hostilities began to cease, a period of excessive speculation and reckless banking began to affect the economic situation. The e causes were stimulated in IslC wlicji In- diana heranii ' a state, and the middle Wal.ash began to till up with settler... The climax to these operation,, came in the form of the Hnan- rial depression of 1819. No new territory liad lieeii -eciired for settlement from 180! to IMS. I ' ut in till ' latter year about all the land as far north as the Wabash was secured from the Indians. For some years the people had been looking () er the Indian boundary line with some liad already squatted on Indian territory. With Ihis purrhas.. of IMS. the li.Miudary was taken away, and the while- h; gaii to moxc to- ward the interior. In 1820 Indianapolis was located,™ and five years later the legi lalure lirst met at the new capital. A new common- wealth was growing up where only a few years before there was nothing but wilderness. Just at the beginning of the growth in the Xorthwest, Philip Phreneau, in 1784. j)eiuied these stanzas, fi ' om his poem. Peopling the Western Country. ' They were in-o}5hetic of what was to be. ••T,. western w.H.ds and lonely ])lain.s. I ' alamon from the crowd departs AMiere Nature ' s -wildest genius reigns. To tame the soil and plant the arts — AVhat wondei ' s there shall Freedom show. AVhat nnghty states successive growl What charming scenes attract the eye On wild Ohio ' s savage .stream I =:= ::: From these fair plain-, these rural seats. So long concealed, so lately known. Tiie unsocial Indian far retreats. To make .some otlier -linie his own. AA ' heiv other stivanis, less [jh ' asing. flow. . nd darker forests round him a ' l ' ow. s Treat. National Land System. ' State Paoers, Cong. 17. Sess. 1. Doc. 66, ' Ibid, Doc. 66. ssThwaites. Early Western Travels, IX. P ' See Tipton ' s Jnurnal. on locating the c Mag. of Hist.. I. P. 9-1.5. and P. 74-79. Tlie sources used lia e been listed in tiie foot note. ' No historian lias yet written a first-rate history of In diana since 1816. imlD)ir[i € ' Tom Jones come home the other day. the first time fer awhile lie ' s wandered many a year away and travelled many a mile I met him at the station, and when he left the train. I hurried up to welcome him to his old home again. How old and grizzled he has growed, yit healthy-like and sou I slapjjed him on the shonldei- and when he ' d turned around, He reached his hr: Kememher how vc ,-ny hand ised to lis -Yes sir. says he. as home we rode Away from old Clay County land ; I got a drink from old Eel river boyi And the proverb says where ' er you gi .Vnd so I ' ve come. — what ' s that you a l Until I leave ferever fer the fairer land lliau I guess you ' d say I ' m homesick, well. I ' ll own To git to go a-tishin ' once again on Briley C id hollered: ' Howdy. Dick! lown on Briley Crik? ■I felt I couldn ' t stay other lonesome day: hood ' - thirM to slack. ). you ' ll be a comin ' 1); :1ck. i.k Von bet I ' ve com e to stav that I • ' Remember how in sunuiier linie wli ' An ' grandpa ' d say how ii woubl Mo Then how we ' d dig tlic i ' ai-tli drni- i An git the tackle readv wi An ' Ma would have the dir Biled eggs, an ' Ijeans an ' buttered In-t ' ad With lots o ' salt, fer we knowed where w i An ' we alwavs eat our dinners there, on t d was the help ( L-rpaH,.h :gs to eat.— roasted meat roiiicl thick. Bnlev Crik. • ' Away we went wi ' lines an bait. — we had no poles o ' cane. Apast old Chaml)er Mhoolhouse an ' down the narry lane. A ' seein ' an ' a-heariu o ' the duntrv sights an ' sounds, So filled wi ' joy o livin our hallooin ' s knowed no bounds. Until we turned the corner, an ' seen so lone an ' still. The meet in house o ' Friendly Grove a-shinin ' on the hill. With the tombstones o ' the graveyard a-clustered all too thick, — Tlu ' u we walked awhile in silence as we went toward Briley Crik. ' ■Across the fields we skiirried now. an ' thru the Dalgarn wood, An ' climbed the old rail fence again where that big jDoplar stood, Then down the road to the ha ' nted bridge,— we ' d a ruther run than not. A man was killed there once, you know, at night the dreaded sjjot Wi ' jack-o-lantern ' s all lit up, an ' the spirit that is free Comes back, — at least, they said it did, we never stayed to see. But hurried on past Maple Bend an ' the old canal crossed quick, Fer Tumble Hole ' s the place to fish down there on Briley Crik. An when at last we reached the place an cut a hick ' ry pole. We tied the line an ' baited hook an ' dropped it in the hole; Then waitin ' fer the cork to bob, as quiet as a stone, We listened to the redhead ' s i-ap. er skeeter ' s monotone. But not fer long, — then quick as scat, a cork would bob an ' sink. An ' soon a yaller-cat would flop an ' wiggle on tlio Itrink, An ' the boys would crowd around to see. — remember, don ' t you. Dick? That ' s just the way we used to fi-li way down on Briley Crik. ' Well, I ' ve been to Californy an ' I ' ve sailed the coast o ' Maine. I ' ve climbed the Alps o ' Canady an ' come back down again : I ' ve hunted in the canebrakes o ' swampy Arkansaw, And throwed some shovelfuls o ' dirt down there at Panama : I ' ve lived in South Ameriky, been clean around the Cape, Had many a wild adventure an ' many a slim escape. But, tell you what, in all the years. I ' ve never done a trick To compare with goin ' a-fishin right down here on Briley Crik. My, how the years ha Our lives are like a hi- ' Fore long we ' ll be a-r( A-learnin ' o ' the niystt I don ' t like lea in all raced away, how fast we ' re growin old, ry that soon will all be told : uin ' far among the isles o ' Eest, . s imfolded to the Blessed. : friends, an ' the joys o ' livin ' here. An ' all the scenes e u-ed t( An ' dyin ' ll be the harder. Cause we have to quit fereM ;ii(iw an ' hold in mem ' ry dear; lue it slow er comes it quick, fishin ' down on Brilev Crik. But say, when Gal)riel comes at last an ' lights the eastern skies, An ' blows his horn to wake the dead an ' says it ' s time to rise, If I git up wi ' all the rest, — here ' s hopin ' that I do, — Along with all the other boys, say Bill an ' John, an ' you. I ' m goin ' to ask if we may have on earth just one more day, — Say, Eichard, are you listenin ' ? — I ' d turned my face away; Yes, says I, I ' m hearin ' . — and I thought my words would stick, An ' he says, To go a-fishin ' once again on Briley Crik. —Walt Woodrou: llllustrated by Ben Davis.) Jlisitorp of Snbiana tate Jgormal cijool ' ' I HE roli ' gation of pi-rsons unfit for other - ' - positions in life to teaching school seems to have liecn a distinct factor of the economic system in the early history of Indiana. That it was costly needs no comment. That the defect might be remedied the I. S. N. arose. The first step was made toward this end in 1855 when Dr. E. T. Spotswood, now an honored citizen of Terre Haute, then from Spencer County, in- troduced into the General Assembly the follow- ing resolution : Resolved, That the Committee on Education be instructed ti imiuire into the expediency of establishing a State Normal School, in which persons who design making teaching a profes- sion shall receive instruction free of charge. Provided, they bind themselves to teach for a specified term of years within the State of In- diana, and also if deemed expedient to estab- lish such school, whether it would be practica- WILL D. ANDERSON History of Indiana State Normal School ' ble to establish it on the manual labor plan, so as to make it a self-supporting institution as nearly as possible, with leave to report by bill or otherwise. Other prolilems involving strenuous action claimed public attention at that time and noth- ing came of this first move. The project was forgotten in the turmoil and discord of the civil war, but a step had l)cen made, and the situa- tion unchanged. In the decade of lawlessness and adventure following the rebellion a new day dawned for education in Indiana. A bill was introduced by Judge B. E. Rhoades, passed and signed by the governor December 20, 1865, creating a Nor- mal School. This law provided a portion of the requisite funds for the construction of suit- alile buildings and the amount of $5,000 an- nually for a maintenance fund. It made the location of the school the opportunity of that city which oifered the most facilities and prom- ised the greatest co-operation and the largest amount of cash; it defined the admission of students, the granting and bestowing of diplo- mas and degrees. Terre Haute alone manifested any interest in the advantages that might accrue from the loca- tion of such an institution. She offered half a block lying between Eagle and Mulbeiiy streets east of Sixth street, tlie campus of the old county seminary. Together with tiiis land wortli $l ' . i.O00. also ii;:)().(.)(lO in money was given. It was later stipulated that Terre Haute should bear forever one-half of the expenses of keep- ing the grounds and buildings in proper re- pair. This has been faithfully carried out. Thu- it was that on the banks of the Wabash, in the city of Terre Haute, in the very heart of the town, was established an institution the thrill (if whose life was soon to be felt in every taxpayer glai ' ed wi born came into an uu ' was liefore it. -tnig, tion from other iiisii gle to maintain a liig of public disappniva straggle to seciu ' e a] nomic legislature to fiM ■Icome community. There I — struggle for recogni- II ions of learning, strug- -tandard of work in face and Iciw attendance, and ropriatious from an eco- meet the constantly in- creasing expenses. Indeed, it has required the Host stringent economy to conduct the growing Highness and elH.-ieiicy upini the fun. Is pro- OLD COUNTY SEMINARY. 1868 hamlet, city anil town in the most remote dis- tricts of our fair state. Strange to say, the new school was not re- ceived with open arms. Tradition still holds us in its mighty grasp, despite our boasted in- telligence, we are loath to leave the old and are prone to glance askance at tlu ' new. The old jjedagogue frowned u[)on it as foolishness, the vided from year to year l)y our general assembly. Tile building, when completed, cost in round numbers, without any semblance of equipment, l it.OOO. It was buiit of brick with stone trim- ming, after the architectural style of the French Kennaissance. From the roof a symmetrical series of towers, cupolas and spires lifted their ruaineuls (I 1) rii . A ' illi Its ihr.M ( ' uted liy Ihe t wcnty-Due students, tour walls .1 the pn.tVss„i-s. ' The Tcnv Haute IIio-1, pearance. School oeeiipieil a [loi-tion of the second llnor. On the tliird floor of their half coinplete l Let it he said that as an advertisement a puh- hiiilding. January n. ISTO (now celebrated as lishiiig coniiiany had presented the new institit- Foiinder ' s Day) eiiilit men gathered around the tion with a Bible and an unabridged dictionary. stovi on tlic niu ' lh -ide of the assembly room The facult - on that memorable first morning NORMAL BUILDING, 1570-1888 id ' 11 WOllK south side. What a enibly room. The ing on that raw. wi the range initiation for tlieus- lUs were cold and uninvit- try morning. Laboratories, ibraries. equipment, apparatus and other fa- •ilities now deemed an absolute necessity, there ivere none. The boy. h)g and teacher were rep- c((nsisted of a president. W. A. Jones, and two assistants, Miss Newall, one of the Innocents Abroad, and Prof. Bosworth. Later in the term Xathan Xewby. Miss Bruce and (xeorge P. Brown were added to the faculty, and the student body increased to forty. What a com- bination was here on this first nioriiina ' — a Bible, a dictionary, three seers, a score of stu- dents, and four walls. For the first chapel exercise Barnabas C. Hobbs, the president of the Board of Trustees, and a man of patriarchial mien, read a lesson from the Bible and then kneeling- on the bare lloor before the students, in a fervent prayer for the future welfare of the school, lifted the souls and minds of the little gi-oup present into a land of new ideals. How i)rophetic of the future 1 A religious atmosphere seemed to permeate those early days. Perhaps it was due to a clause in the original bill defining the institu- tion, perhaps due to the pious nature of the first president. Attendance at the chai el exercises was compulsory. Each student brought his Bible. Frequently the one conducting the exer- cises would read responsively with the students and then comment upon the spiritual teaching of the Word. ' ' Any reference to sectarianism was carefully avoided, but many a prayer for divine guidance echoed through that old as- sembly hall. The students were conducted by classes from tlie assembly to the recitation rooms, and then Ijack, turning, .standing, and passing at the tap of a pencil. This was in keeping with the close military surveillance then deemed neces- sary with children and was practiced in all schools. The lack of individual liberty, tne narrow. ])rescribed course of study, the ham- pered facilities, the high standard of strenuous work maintained limited the attendance in those early days, but gave the institution its jjeculiar stamp of thoroughness ' which is still ditfused througli every branch of work under- taken. William A. Jones, president 1870 to 1879. can l)e rightly called the Father of the Indiana State Normal School. He was a native of Connecticut, a graduate of Williston Academy, and had been superintendent of the schools of Aurora. Illinois. By his efficient management of these schools he had attained first rank among the educators of the middle west. The Board of Trustees was verv wise in the choice of its man to carry out this unique experiment in education in Indiana. He believed in thor- ough work which went to the organic unity in everything. His constant theme was that the subject matter has an existence entirely apart from the text, that the teacher ' s knowledge of a subject was something further removed in that he must grasp the subject matter in con- nection with those mental laws which were in- volved in mastering it. He imbued the school with the idea of the value of professional train- ing though not dejDreciating the worth of higher scholarship on the part of the educator. His philosojjhy of method is aptly put in his favorite laconic expression. The fact in the thing, tlie law in the mind, the method in both. Of liim President Parsons says: I still give first place to William A. Jones among the educational people of the state that I have known. He was an educational prophet and seer possessing rare insiglit into all educa- tional subjects and questions. He was an in- telligent worker and a most inspiring teacher. He laid broad and deep the foundations of this institution, and all the years since the close of his administration have simply witnessed the development, growth, expansion and ai plica- tion of the educational principles upon which tliis school work was founded. The seed planted here in this early day by this first pres- ident, watched and cultivated for nearly ten years by him and his associates, has in this later date unfolded into its large fruition and we are but enjoying today the fruits and bene- fits of their toil. How the I. S. N. grew from one building to five, from a faculty of five to the present able corps of seventy-five, from forty students to LEWIS H. lONES, 1870-1872 two thousand, from a narrow jarescribed course of study to the broad liberal course of today, largely elective, from a library of some half dozen books to the present well selected 50.000 volumes, in forty-thi-cr years, marks a trail whose only monotony is constant expansion. Time, space and patience forbid to follow it in chronological detail, yet how interesting. How replete are its annals with the most stringent economy, painstaking effort, and constant strug- gle! It has set the jjace for education in In- diana, steered clear of fads, thrown off formal- ism. Avith not a touch of radicalism, and yet little abject reverence for tradition. With its rise, teaching has grown from lickin ' and larnin ' . to a profession ranking high, both in pay and honor among the other professions in Indiana. The purpose of the si hool. as slated in the statutes of ' 65, was Thi ' prepanitiou of teach- ers for teaching in the common scliools of In- diana. ' At that time the common schools meant those institutions teaching the common branches, the elementary subjects of the first eight grades, hence the Normal sought only to give instruction in these and the science of pedagogy. There was no language beyond English, no mathematics beyond simple alge- bra involved in arithmetic, and no science worthy of the name. The work was intensive not extensive. Two years were required to com- plete the work offered, and students carried five subjects. There were three terms of thir- teen weeks during tlie year. During the first year President Jones taught the pedagogy and the U. S. History, Miss Xewall held the position of lady principal and liandled the work in grammar and composition, assisted by Miss Bruce. Professors Newby and TJd wdrth instructed in mathematics and geo- graiihy. assisted by George P. Brown. The latter withdrew to study law, but returned again and later became the second president. For the first four years the school struggled along offering only instruction in the eight legal conunon branches. In 1874-75. however, an Advanced Course appears in the cata- logue. This new course had for its object to qualify more fully those who had graduated from the elementary course for teaching in the most responsil)le ])i sitions in the juiltlic scliools of the slate. It (ili ' ered geonietrv. Iiiij;liei- al- yclii-a. trig-oiiDiuetrv, jjliysies. cheniistry. Latin and (Jreek. etc. The work was jihinned to euver two years. Sucli an exjjansion uece--i- tated an increased faciilly. alli-acle(l a hirger number of stiidenls. and ii.nc ilic M-iiool a higher schohisiic tan.linn-. Thou-h the school «as now entering upon a wider career of use- fuhiess. its work was prnx nkingly hampered by meager hiboratory facilities and reference works. The increased expen-es so drained the maintenance fund that no surphis accumuhited for the [lurchase of these despite tiie fact that in 187;j the fund was increased to $7,500. and again to $10,000. All economy in the expendi- ture of public funds in those days seems to have begun with the educational instituti(ms. During these first four years the following ])ersons were associated with the faculty: INIisses Euth ] Iorris, Sarah A. Donahue, Lida Po yers. Armanda G. Paddock. Louise Pad- dock. Amanda P. Funnelle, Professors T ewis H. Jones. Pvobert Hrown. J. M. WU nn. Her- man B. Boisen. Josiah T. Scovell. ( yrn W. Ilodgin. Lewis B. Hiken. an l Albert Wyelli. Li 1876-77 the course of study was further enriched by the addition of more nf ilie sub- jects ordinarily taught in the high schiMjJ- ni the state. It includes sulijects reipiired by law to be taught in the public M-hool- and aNo elements of those brandies of science and philosophy, the need of which is daily felt by the people in their industrial, social and po- litical relations. reads the catalogue of 1877. The iiiMruclion was fri.ni a l. acher ' s point of view to enable liini to pre-ent tlie subject psychologically. The notion seemed to prevail at that time that there was no necessity for tlii ' high school teacher to have any ]-ir ' ife-sional training. He held specializ:!lion in sc )ni. and considered him-elf able to teach all subjects in the curriculum equally well. To put specializa- tion and ])rofessional training befiu ' e bra but- Icns was indeed an innovation. During the -eiiiiir (|uarler niiicli time was devoted to the prei)af:ition of graduation themes. Each graduate was required to write day. A- Ihis bee: graduates increased tiresome day. The he morning and con- Miss MARY BRUCE, 1870-1879 tinned until late in tlie afternoon with a shi rt lecess for lunch. As the classes grew lai-ger the time leqnired increased, and the strain be- came too great. A few jK rsons were now rlio-en from the class to read. The class of ' 9-2 was the last to read themes. Class of 93 held no commencement, and that of ' 94 introduced the first outside connnencement orator. The i-ominencement themes were no longer reqitirea after this date. The name of ' . A ' . Par-on-. ' 1-J. appears in the faculty n( l,s7(;. as instruclor in English lii-esideiU in Issl. then taught history and civil goveriunent. the man without peer of all those whose lives have touched the institution. AuKUig the interesting names in the faculty of 1S7S is that of Arnold Tompkins, the ac- knowledged flower of every class ro(mi that he entered. Peai-e be to his ashes. What genius but has his idiosyncracies ! The sun has its s])ots. He resigned in 1893, and was succeeded by Prof. C. M. Curry as the head of the de- partment of literature. A third course was added. -A Short Course. ' in the fall of 78. It was planned to meet the wants and needs of those who had had some exjjerience in teachino;. but who desired to pre- pare themselves more thorouiihiy for the pro- fession of teaching. This coiii-m ' could lie com- pleted by persons .f ii-.HHl ability in ,.iH ' -half the reiridar time. Much cmiihavi- wa laid upon (he fact that it dilfeiv.l from the full course William A. Jones was sncccdc,! by ( ieorov r. ilrowii. diiiic, ls7s. The new pn-,idcnl was a man of l.roa.l M ' lM,lar.-.liip. of wid.- cx|HM-icii. ' e and brought lo the in-titut ion an intimate kiiowledo-e ,,f the condition of the public schools. Aside fnuii teachin- in the Normal the tii-st year of its existence, he liad been the superintendent of schools of Richmond, In- diana. iirincii)al of the Indianapolis High School, -superintendent of the Indianapolis schools and vice-president of the Normal. He enlarged the course of study. With him the school entered upon a Held of greatt r use- fulness, and an atmosphere of liberal scliolar- ship seemed diffused throughout. Three courses were now offered, 1881-8-2. First, a course of three year for those of lim- ited learning, wlio dc-ired to teach in the lower grades: ccoiid. a course re(|uiring two years, an abridgment of the lir i Un- ihoM ' students who were graduates of a commi-.-ioned high school. u- academy, or its e,|uivalent : thirdra (our e ortcivil to college and university gradu- ates i-e(|uiring one year. ile (ite l entirely to pro- fe si(mal work. A .-oiirse was also offered this year for those who were unable to |)ass the en- trance examination, called a • ' Preparatory Course. The interest in the advanced courses was not sustained. The scope of the work done by the students was more elementary, yet each settling liack showed a gain in the mental calibre of the -tudeiit body. The ad aiiced ' oiirses became great.u ' in d ' emaml as time passed, though the work- was always greatly hami.eivd through lack ni Miitable ' and ullicwm apparatus. The most urgent appeals were made to the legisla- ture for money, but none was approi)riated for such, and the little apparatus that was pur- chased was secured by money taken from the contingent fund. This was robbing Peter to pav Paul. Boards of visitors were not deeply im])re-sed by these condition-: though many high schools over the state had superior labora- tory facilities, such things were considered in- novations and not looked upon as necessities. Howard Sandison. 72. became an instructor in methods in 18S1. and in issG vice-president. To him credit is due b)i- maintaining and de- veloping the theory and method championed by the fir t prcMdciit. AV. .V. Jones. The courses of study were rearranged in 18S ' 2, and two were offered differing slightly: an English course requiring nine terms work for graduaticm. ami a Latin c iiirse requiring ten terms. In addition there till remained a three-year, a two-year, and a one-year course to graduates of commissioned high schools, and a course of one year also for college grad- uates. In 18Si. a post graduate course was offered to those wishing to return to their Alma Mater. In ISSl. p]lwood W. Kemp, ' 80. became a member of tlie faculty, first as an instructor in history, tlien grammar and com- position, mathematics, and finally history. He was elected head of the Department of History in 1887. In 1904, this department was di- vided into United States and European, then Prof. Kemp headed the department of United States History. In 1883, A. E. Charman, ' 83, became instruc- tor in methods of teaching. He was also an ::--i iaiit in ])sychology. When the department of |i- cliiilooy and methods was divided in V.JOb. I ' rof. Cliarman took the chair in methods. Also in ' 83 the English and Latin course of three and one-half years was established. In ' 86 tliis course was so altered as to require four years for graduation and has continued through the life of the school as the Normal Course. A majority of the students of the school followed this course. During the spring of ' 85 it was current gos- sip that there was not a little friction among the members of the faculty, and rumor had it tliat Pi ' esident Brown would tender his resig- nation. The contagion of the winning per- sonality of the vice-president and the confi- dence he inspired in the student body lead them to circulate a petition asking the Board for the election of Prof. Parsons in case of a vacancy. The wisdom of the Board ' s action on that afternoon of June 12, 1885. has been shown in the thirty years of constant growth and expan- sion of the institution. From its conception to its realization in a building, Mr. Parsons watched each move with a keen interest. He was on the ground, watched the construction, attended the dedication, and was among the first students to enroll. He be- longs in the class of those who are first in all things, first to enroll, first to graduate, first man to return to hi Alma Mater as instructor, and first as a man of atiairs, as an executive. e man without peer of all those ve touched the institution. as a leader. «hose lives 1 After graduating in class of ' 72, he became the superintendent of the Gosport schools for PRESIDENT W. W. PARSONS The next two years found him in the polis High School. He instructed in a vea India English, grammar and composition in the Nor- mal from ' 77 to ' 81, when he was chosen vice- president, and entered the department of his- tory and civics. President Parsons continued his teaching, but changed to the department of education. Since 1900 he has done no active teaching, but devoted his entire time to admin- istrative duties with an occasional lecture tour. If President Jones emphasized the -alue of [)r(ifessional training in a teachei ' V iM|ui|iiii( ' ut. :iinl President Brown liberal scli.ihir.hi|i. Pres- ident Parsons would add to these a -perializa- tion in harmony with his personality. In the conduct of affairs his policy has been uninter- rupted tenure of position, all liberty consistent with co-operation, and an office door always open to student and faculty alike. Ample room was given the Normal for ex- pansion in 1886. when the City High School withdrew to its new quarters. This same year Kol)ort Gillum began his coniitTtion with the Normal as instructor in niathcniaties. He later taught science. In June. lss;i. (lie department of natural science va divided in biology and geology, with Boston W. Evermann as head, and physics and chemistry, with Prof, (irillnm as head. The catalogue shows many changes in farultv and much growth during these three The faith and l. had developed, an tlie public in the - w hicli the student body increased confidence of durinn; tlie incumbency | umi) were saveiL By rare foretluuigiit the Normal records and several valuable documents were saved by the clerk and librarian, but none of the library liooks were saved. The writer well rememliei-s the smoking ruins, the l)lack- ened and bn.km wall-, the ' word. For Kent written out on the blackboard by some liumor- ous adventurer. Kindly help came from every hand. Churches, mills and foundries threw open their doors to the students. The City School Board tendered the use of the secr)nd floor of the NORMAL BUILDING AND TRAINING SCHOOL of President Parsons, ai ' which followed the tire t the building on A])iil ' . the fine executive ability to lio-jit as never l)efore. shown in the events at entirely destroyed 1887. In this crisis )f the president came The fire originated 111 the wood work of the gables, due perhaps to overlieated flues, and smoldered for hours under cover until it had gained ticmeudous headway. The students warned by tin ' tiremen and police- men left the l)iiildiiig wiiliiiiit panic, many of them first -,., ' uriiii:- tlieii- b,H,k- and wraps. Of the aiipaialus which had accumulated in the different laljoratories. only a bell jar and an air High .Srhool building, and at once began work to get it ready. Such an appreciation was an inspiration to the faculty, and the next morn- ing the 600 studeiils. many of whom had started on their way home, gathered at the Cen- tenary Church for chai el. President Parsons, in his address before the .indents on that memorable occa-inii. said. -Our building is in ashes, our library, labora- tories and apparatus are all gone, but the -clinol and all that is essential to it is in exist- ence here this morning, and we are ready to go to work. I am sure that the world will for- give the loss of yesterday, l)ut not of today. We must go on as before. Classes were held in the Centenary, Presby- terian, Christian, Episcopal and Baptist Churches. The physics classes were held in the planing mill on Poplar street. One of the professors boasted that one of his classes did not lose a single recitation. For a few weeks the classes were held in these places, then removed to Wilej ' High School building, which the school occupied during 1887-88. The accuniiihilidu df eiiilitecn years was con- sumed. The lo-- a liiM y. ' rhciv was no in- surance, because ( f a dispute between the city and state as to who should pay the premium. The private libraries collected by the different members of the faculty of books relative to their specialties were destroyed. Prof. Ever- mann, that wizard of fishes, lost valuable collec- tions in biology. The city of Terre Haute im- mediatel} came forward with $50,000 for a new building; appropriations were made from time to time bj ' the state ; work was started on a new building on the same foundation as the old, and was ready for occupancy in the fall of ' 89. It was the efficient management on the part of tile president and faculty, the hearty co- operation of the students, the warm hospitality of the city of Terre Haute, together with a genuine school spirit that carried the schcinl through this period. The work was done un- der great disadvantage, in cramped and incon- venient quarters, without a semblance of ap- paratus, and yet done with thoroughness and an unprecedented attendance. Shortly after the fire Indiana University recognized the work of the State Normal by granting its graduates the degi-ee of B. L. or B. S., upon the completion of a supplementary course of three years. The graduates of I. U. received the Normal diploma l v doing a year ' s work entirely devoted to ])n fessional sul)jects. About this same time students were limited to four subjects each term, instead of five, and a course called the Normal Course was organized requiring four years for graduation. It was especially designed for those who were not high school graduates. Of this course the cata- logue of 1889-90 says: It is to meet the needs of those students who wish to make as thorough and extended in-eparation for public school work as their time and means will permit. It provides for a thorough and scientific study of branches re- quired to be taught in the district and graded schools of the state, an extended course of strictly professional training, embracing the historical, the theoretical and practical phases of education, and a sphere of higher academic wni-k re(|uire(l by iIi(j-i cxiu ' cI lug to become principals and teachers in high schools. About this same time a course of one year was arranged to take the place of the work done in city training schools. Beginning with ISSS much mention is made of the Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. in the catalogues, and these institutions are given a large place in the in- ducements offered to students. Since then they have played a very important part in the so- cial and religious life of the school, have made students feel at home in new quarters among strangers, and supplied a larger opportunity for religious devotion. More stringent lines were thrown around graduation from the school by the Board of Trustees in 1890. It was then required that each landidate for graduation must hold a license entitling him to teach for a jjeriod of not less than two years in the public schools. Since 189.5, the granting of the Normal diploma has been withheld by an act of the state legis- lature until the gi ' aduate had taught success- fully for two years in the schools of the .state, a certificate only showing the character and amount of work done being presented at com- niencenieiit. These two regulations made the Noruial (liploiua synonymous with proficiency, and it wa- now held equivalent to a life state license, exempting the holder from examina- tions. The former requirement was no longer enforced after 1907. There is a general feeling among the educators of the state that the di- ploma should be granted immediately upon graduation. Louis J. Rettger. 80, succeeded Prof. Ever- mann as head of the dei artment of biology and geology in 1891. In this same year Francis M. Stalker succeeded Sarah E. Tarney as instruc- tor in methods and mental science. Prof. Seller, ' 73. of the science department, organized a Saturday class in German in ' 89. This was the first step toward the present department of German. He was i-dieved of his work in science in 1893, when Dr. Dryer became in- structor in geography and devoted all his time to tlie languages. He liecame head of this de- of penmanship and drawing; Miss Kate Moran, ' U-2, entered the Training School; Charles M. Curry succeeded Arnold Tompkins as the head of the department of literature; William A. McBeth, ' 95, assisted in reading and literatui-e, but was later transferred to the geography de- partment. Frank R. Higgins came fresh from Cornell; with his arrival and that of James H. Baxter in 1906 the department of mathematics took on a college air. The school had long since outgrown its one building, and the work was greatly hampered BUILDING USED FOR NORMAL Y. W. C. A. FOR MANY YEARS partment in 9.5. but resigned sliortly after- wards, and the languages were divided. Dr. vSchlicher taking the chair of Latin, and Fred- erick G. Mutterer that of German. The years ' .U- ' Ih; witnessed much growt h and expansion in the school, and many changes in the faculty; the entrance of many whose lives have been a jiower in the moulding and the shaping of the life of the school. John B. Wisely. S. . became the head of the department of Englisli grammar and composition. Oscar L. Kelso, ' 79, succeeded INIrs. Lizzie Byers to the chair of mathematics. William T. Turnian was elected to fill the vacancy made l)y the resignation of George W. Thomson as professor by cramped (piarters. Tiie legislature of 93 voted $40,000 for a new building. With this amount work was begun and a portion of the first floor was occupied in ' 95 by the library. The new building, joining the old on the east, was planned after the same architectural style. It had three stories and a basement. Sufficient money to complete the building could not be secured before 1897. A gymnasium for men and one for women were located in the base- ment. The library occupied the entire first floor. The second floor was assigned to the science department for laboratories, the third floor furnished rooms for the Y. W. C. A., Y. M. C. A., literarv societies and the faculty. With the acquisition of this new building it was possible to accommodate a much larger student body. It was propitious, for the enroll- ment began increasing with great strides. The rapid growth of the summer term regis- ters the high estimate placed upon culture l y the teaching body of Indiana. The advisabil- ity of offering such a term was unfavorably discussed in the faculty meetings during the spring of 9-1. liut notwithstanding Professors Kettger. Gilluiii and Stalker in response to the summer of 1911, two Nununer terms were offered each six weeks, and students were per- mitted to carry two subjects during each term. The next logical step was taken in the summer of 1912. when the two courses were combined into a summer quarter of twelve weeks. This divides the year into semesters corresponding in length and convenience with the college terms of the state. The Women ' s League was organized in spring of 1897. Sections were formed of all SCIENCE BUILDING. FORMERLY THE LIBRARY numerous apjjeals from the students laiuK-hed it as a personal financial venture, offering a course of five weeks for a fee of ten dollars per student. Prof. Kelso joined the summer faculty the next year, and during the summer, ' 96, practically all departments were repre- sented in the faculty. It paid and grew, and became so popular that the Board, convinced of its necessity, made it an integral part of the school year, ' 97. Students were permitted to carry three subjects. The length of recita- tions was increased fiftv minutes in leuirtli. In girls li ing in the same neighborhood. They met in private houses. The M ' ives of the faculty and the women teachers were associate mem- bers, and assisted in entertaining the .societies. In 1905 the office of Dean of Women was cre- ated to look after the social welfare, health and happiness of the non-resident women. Miss Martina C. Erickson was elected to fill this ]i( siti(in. having the different leagues un- der her jiiiisdiction. She later resigned and was succeeded by iliss Charlotte B. Schweitzer. As time passed the neighborhood unit was dropped, and that of similarity in tastes, de- sires and inclination adopted. At various times sections of the league have clubbed together and leased private homes. Few needs have been so urgent in the Noniial MISS ERICKSON School as doiinitiiries. Chauncey Rose, Terre Haute ' s jiiand old man, once offered to give a large sum of money for domitories for young women, providing the legislature would appro- priate a specified sum. This, the legislature would not do. Thus the opportunity slipped, but the school still looks toward the future hopeful for their final acquisition. It became a growing conviction in the miml of many of the educators over the state that the public schools were not doing all that could be done for each child each minute in the day. In the agitation that followed vocational train- ing, domestic science, agriculture, and manual training had their birth. In harmony with this new movement a department of manual training was established in 1904, with Prof. Laubach at its head. Although conservatively stowed away in the basement of the new higli school, its popularity at once witnessed us nece- sitv. AVork in domestic science was added in 1! 11 in charge of Miss Ivah Uliyan. These courses combine practicality, utility and cul- ture. A movement has been made toward se- curing a new building for the manual training and science deiiartments on a lot purchased soutli of the Normal campus. Also in l!i(t4. the history courses were di- vided. Frank 8. Bogardus was elected the heatl of tlie department of European history, and Prof. Kemp retained only the United States in his deiiartment. The science depart- ment course was divided, Ulysses O. Cox, ' 99, became j rofessor of biology. Dr. L. J. Ilettger of physiology, Kobert G. (iillum of physics and chenii trv. with Edwin .M. Bruce, ' 97, as as- 360468, , , societies torm an item of much sistant. The li interest in the growth and development of the schot)l. In ISTI). the Eclectic, Philomathean and the Debating Club were holding weekly meet- ings. The societies were org anized for the purpose of giving the members experience in public speaking and to enable them to think on their feet in the presence of an audience. Since then scarcely a term but a new society for de- bating and public speaking arose and fell, the constantly shifting student body making it im- possible to maintain permanently any fixed de- gree of ability or accomplishment. The Forum organized in 1901, Ciceronians in I ' M):,. Alethenai and the Daedalian in liH)7. are highly enthused and show evidences of permanency. Ill 1895, The Normal Advance, a monthly stmlent paper ranking high among such pub- lications, made its first appearance. It is de- -oted to the interests of the school. In 1907. a new department of reading and public speak- ing was created, with James E. Lardner at its head, who resigned after a year, and was suc- ceeded by Prof. Brown. At one time during the early days of the school ' s existence Chauncey Eose placed in the hands of the president several thousand dollars to be used in aiding needy and self-dependent young women to continue in school. This do- nation was not to be repaid. It was continued through a number of years and proved a val- uable aid to many a worthy young woman. In keeping with his sjoirit the graduating class of 1908 created a Student ' s Loan Fund, to enable worthy senior students to borrow money on the honor system. The borrower ' s note is the only security demanded. Though the fund is small, many have already been enabled to complete courses of instruction who otherwise could not have done so. In the early days of the school the entrance requii ' ements were, evidences of good character. a i romise to teach in the public schools of In- diana for a period double the time spent in the Normal, and a satisfactory knowledge of the eight legal common branches shown either by a license to teach or an examination conducted by the school or a diploma showing that the applicant was a graduate of the common school, high school or college. These entrance requirements became more stringent as the in- tellectual leaven of the school became diffused through the school system of the state. When the state legislature of 1907 so defined the common schools as to include the high school, the Board ruled that the applicant must be a high school graduate, or its equivalent, how- ever, still leaving it possible to complete the high school conditions in the regular class work of the Normal. This same legislature classified the teaching body of the state into three classes — Class A, Class B. Class C, on the basis of experience, scholarship and profes- sional training, and made the I. S. N. the head and model of a system of Normal schools. To meet these requii ' ements new courses were promptly organized. To afford all high school graduates equal opportunity to complete the twelve weeks of required professional training immediately after graduation the spring term was divided into three semesters, beginning at different times. It is the spring term which shows the work done by the Normal to best advantage, at least in ]ioint of attendance. This is due to the fact that a (iy large percentage of the students ei)ni( ' frcini the great laboring classes and ai ' e self-supporting. They either alternate teach- ing and studying at the Normal for a full year or drop into classes at the close of a short term of teaching. Some students have been laiown to comi lete the entire four-year course by at- tending summer and spring terms only. Dur- ing the time when all three divisions of the spring term are in session the Normal is a veritable hive of industry accommodating 1,800 students or more. Since lsT9 advanced courses had been offered Imt because of the heavy requirements of the professional work and the amount of time de- voted to the common bramJics the student came to commencement with little opportunity to choose electives. consequently, though they ex- isted in the catalogue, there was little call for them. Little legal credit was given to the student who returned for post-graduate work This was changed in the spring of 1907 when President Parsons app (inteil a ronmiittee of prnfessoi-. P.oganlus. S. ' lilirher. Cox and Kelso, to plan the organization of a special course of study for preparation of high school teachers. This committee recommended a standard college ( i in e of four years, carrying with its com|ileti( n the degree of A. B. and after two ycar of successfull teaching, the Xornial (lii)liiiiia. This recommendation was carried out in the summer of 1907. The en- rollment was large and since has constantly in- creased. The college course supplies a felt want in the Normal graduate scholarship. Few colleges in the state are better equipped than the I. S. N. for college work. The University of Chicago and the University of Wisconsin agreed, in 1910. to admit students who grad- uated from this course into their graduate classes working for their Master Degree. The high standard of work promises recognition from all the great universities in the near future. The establishment of the College Coiu ' se marks a climax in the extension and expansion of the Normal School. The remarkable growth of the library is a good illustration of the ad ance and expansion that the Xonnal has made in all its lines of activity. About four years after the Normal School h;id hcgiiu its woz ' k, Chauncey Eose, a wealthy citizen (if Tcrre Haute, donated $4,000 to the institution for tiie purchase of books. The money w:ii put into the hands of the president of the faculty to be used at his dis- cTetion for the purpose stated. This was the beginning of the first library owned by the State Normal School. Books were purchased and put into cases which stood in a room about sixteen feet square, where the president ' s office is now located. As indicating somewhat the conception of an institutional library that ob- tained at that time I may call attention to two facts. Tlie books had little direct relation to the work of the school. They were heavy standaiil treatises on iDsychology, ethics, logic, philosopiiy and metaphysical subjects gener- ally. Some standard histories, comi lete sets of the works of the poets of the race, and a very few standard works of fiction — Dickens, Thackeray. Scott. Lord Bidwer-Lytton and so on. The other fact is that the library was open to students only one hour per week from four to live on Friday afternoon. ' T. myself, was librarian for a number of years, and re- ceived the munificent sum of fifty dollars per year for my service. (President Parsons ' speech at tlie dedication of the new library. June 21. 1010.) Eepeated requests for a library fund had se- cured only $500 from the state legislature up to 1888. Increased attendance so drained the maintenance fund that no surplus accumulated for purchasing books and necessary con- veniences for the library. Worse still, in 1879, the assembly saw fit to cut the appropriation for incidental exjDenses a thousand dollars. To make up this shortage, for the first time a fee was required of the students by the Board of Trustees, and the following notice was posted : Because of an insufficient appropriation for incidental expenses, the Board of Trustees has found it necessary to assess a janitor ' s fee of one dollar per term. This fee will be collected at the beginning of each term. A portion of this fee and all money that could be saved by most carefid economy from tlie approjiriation fen- other funds, together with $125 donated by the trustees of the Hopkins Memorial Fund, were used to purchase books for the library. By this means books were added from year to year, and by the time of the fire in 1887 the library had grown to 4,000 volumes. Every vestige of a library was lost in this fire, and a new start had to b( made. Shortly after the fire the amount of $1.00 collected from each student as a janitor ' s fee was increased to $2.00 a term, and a little later termed the library fee. This assessment was conscientiously applied to the purchase of books, magazines and to meet the expenses in- cidental to conducting a library. Of the $100,- 000 voted by the legislature to replace the in- stitution the Board of Trustees set aside $15,- 000 for library purposes. This amount rein- forced by the fee assessed each student solved the problem of securing a library and gave bright assurances for the future. Some time previous to the fire the old library had been moved to the two rooms flanking the entrance to the as.sembly hall. After the fire the new- library was quartered in the three rooms now occupied by the geography department. Miss (xilbert (Mrs. Eobert Gillum) was librarian, and clerk. She resigned in the fall of 1890. and was succeeded by Miss Minnie Hill as clerk, and Mr. Cunningham, of DePauw. as librarian. Prof. Cunningham brought with him rare skill and knowledge in the handling and classification of books. They were now all gone over, rearranged, stamped, numbered, and scientifically shelved and made more accessible to students. The rapid growth of the library and the heavy increase in the enrollment soon made it necessary to seek more commodious (juarters. These were found in the new Isuild- ing in 1895. The entire first floor, in area about 100 feet square, was arranged and ap- pointed for this purpose. The new home af- forded ample room at the time; it was large, commodious, well lighted, and admirably suited to library purposes. There were now IG.OOO volumes on the shelves and in the cases now remaining open eight hours per day. Sat- urday only one hour, and all students were given free access to the stack rooms. The dan- ger now was from fire, and though great care and caution were exercised, the risk was not a little. Too, the once so amj le quarters soon became congested during the spring term, and was forced to be insufficient in size to accom- made f.ir a structure costing $130,000. The fix- tures, stacks, furnitiue and catalogues entailed an additional expense of $25,000, so that the total in -estment in library property now is not less than $275,000. To secure these appropria- tions it was necessary to lay siege to several assemblies, but whether bv luck or design al- NEW LIBRARY BUILDING modate tlie constantly increasing student body in less than ten years. To remedy tliese two defects it was necessary to acquire a special building, large, commodious and fire-proof. With characteristic energy and earnestness the Board and president set about the new task. A site was purchased, an appeal made to the legislature for apiiro]iriatioii-. and plans were ways after long sutleriug. the needed ajjpa- ratus. building, library, or what not were forthcoming just in the nick of time. The library was safely housed in its permanent quarters in the fall of 1910. just in time to ac- commodate the hea y increase in the enroll- ment of that year. In his address at its dedication. June I ' i. 1! 10. Prof. Cumiiui.rliani said: ••In i)lainiiii«;- the building it was detennined. first of all. to erect a thoroughly fire-proof construction, which a reasonable regard for the safetj ' of the books demanded. Stone and brick, iron and glass, sand and cement, with wood for framing pur- jioses only are the elements used. The heating iilant is located I ' OO feet from the building. your inspection of this [jarl of tiie building. The general reading room is (J0x80 feet, and designed to be the most attractive and con- venient room in the building. The Ionic col- tnnns are an excellent imitation of Sienna marble. The building is of Indiana limestone, a mas- terpiece of perfect architecture after the style KINDERGARTEN The four tiers of fi place in the stack roii ju-oof shehing now in [ room will store nearly 100.- ttOO -oIumes. and there is space above for thrcr adilitioiial tier-. When the stack room is lilled and other a aihil)le space about the build- ing is occupied, a quarter of a million of volmnes can easily be acconnuodated. The ac- cessibility of the stack from each floor of the building, both natural and artificial lightings, the book elevators and the counters for tem- l)orary use of books, are featiu ' es to be noted in of the Italian rennais-ance. •■chaste, massive and solid, every pari in [x-rfect accord with its i)nri50se. It is a permanent, fitting and safe abiding place for the treasured lore it contains. The quarters occupied formerly by the library, and the old assembly room, rich in its tales of romance and grind of the exam- were parti- tioned into some dozen large, airy recitation rooms which served greatly to relieve the con- gestion in the spring and summer terms. The first Xormal Tr )I, te the Model School. was established in the win- were entered into with the school city of Terre ler of ISTO. It consisted of tlie tiist four Haute whereby it became an integral part of grades, and occujDies two rooms. The children the Terre Haute system, but was granted cer- who attended paid tuition. Miss liiiih .M( ( Irs. Dr. Kersey, of Chicago) and Mi-- Sarah A. Donohue (Mrs. E. S. Tennant, of Terre Haute) were the teachers. A third room was added in 1871 in charav of Miss Rcna Kin-. tain privileges not allowed other schools. In 1882, A. L. AVyeth taught seven and eight, Margaret Co.x five and six, Cora Hill three and four. Fannie Burt two and one. Furtlier oi)]3iirtunity f(ir ()l)servatioii and FIRST COUNTRY TRAINING SCHOOL and this same year Miss Fannie Scott (Mrs. ■. V. Burt, of Los Angeles. Calif.) succeeded Miss Donohue. Miss Funnelle instructed in primary methods, and was the critic teacher. In 1873. William Eussell succeeded : ri-s Mor- ris as president of the Trainiiie- Schduj. and the next year four rooms were added, liringing ill! the eight grades into use. It was not satis- factory to conduct the Training School as a private institution, and in 1874 arrangements study of children was given in 1884, when a kindergarten was established with Miss Estella Husted (Mrs. Emil Froeb, of Terre Haute) in charge. The kindergarten was discontinued in 1886, and resumed for a few years a little later. Miss May Manlove was the last kindergarten teacher. In 1891. for a period of five years, the rooms were reduced to two, offering work only in the first four grades. In 1896. Miss Kate Moran was the principal, and taught COUNTRY TRAINING SCHOOL CHILDREN seven and eiglit. Emma J. Batty five and six. (Mrs. Campbell, of Anderson) became an as- Anna Trueblood three and four. Gertrude sistant in this department because of the great Robinson (Mrs. Waunker, of Terre Haute) one growth in attendance. She resigned in 1892, and two. During the first nine years only one and was succeeded by F. M. Stalker, who had term of practice was required. From 1S79 to Ijeen the superintendent of the Bedford schools. 1881, two years only, one term of practice was When President Parsons ceased active teaching required. From 1879 to ISSl. two terms were in 1890, the history of education was added and COUNTRY TRAINING SCHOOL required. One term was reqn since two terms must be take Howard Sandison, ' 72. suc( nelle as head of the dcpai-l methods in 1881. A. 11. ( hai lected in 1883 as his assistant. odtill isill. and llieii Prof. Sandison became head of depart- 1(1 graduate. ment of psydiology. practice, methods and his- cdcd .Miss Fun- tory of education. cut of primary This department was divided in 1903, Prof. nan, ' 83, was se- Sandison retaining the work in psychology: When Mr. Par- Prof. Stalker taking the history of education, in and Prof. Charman that of methods, observa- sons became president in 1885 his courses psychology were added to the department of tion and practice. This placed him in charge methods and teaching. In 1890 Miss Tarnev of the Trainiiiir School. In 1904 Charles H. Bi-an heraine assistant pnifcssor in luciital science and methods. A large percentag-o of teachers have their first year ' s experience in a country district school with problems differing slightly from those of the graded school. To aid these and to give all prospective teachers a cuncejjtion of how eight grades are conducted in one room, arrangements were entered into with Mr. Joseph Eipley. trustee of Lost Creek -talc and their recognition as a legal part of the comuuHi schools made it necessary to ex- tend the training school course to include four years of high school work. The four rooms occupied on liie first floor of the main building did not afford sufficient room for this: too the incon enience suffered by being housed with the Xnrniul prnpci v.,idd not permit it. The so- Intidn of the [)rc)l]lcin was a separate training mm F=l| B mm ■i ' ■ B f ; • «V ••• •• 1 lx i v 1 llll H mm Sm «? - DRAWING WORK EXHIBIT NORMAL TRAINING SCHOOL Township in lOOii. for the hm ' of the (ilen school, five miles east of ' rciic Haute, on the interurban line. Thr cdnditions wei ' c to be made as nearly ideal as p()--ili]i ' . ilic ici-m ex- Leaded and the expenses Ihiiiic jdinlly. This was a valuable asset to tlie Training School. When the new High School was built on the site of the Glen school it became necessai-y after a year to use a school not so far distant on the same interurban as the ideal country district school. The multiplication of high schools over the school Imilding. An appeal to tiie legislature of 1903 secured an appropriation of $.50,000. Ground was purchased just east of the Normal, work was iminediatcly begun on a four-story lirirk building, and a purl ion of it was ready for occupancy in 1904. The basement was given to the department of manual training. The grade- occupied the first floor. The upper floors were carefully planned and appointed to answer the wants and needs of a modern up-to-date high school. The first vear work was offered in the fresh- man and sophomore ycai- only, the socond year the junior chiss wa.s added and tlie third the senior class. Now the opjDOi-tnnity for practice and observation was offered in the grades, in tlie hitrh school, and in a country district school. The Training School is animated with a sjjirit of freedom — all the freedom a pupil can ]n-ofit by. The practice teachers purpose to get the child as near the actual subject matter as jjossible. and to do it in a concrete way un- the fa I ' ld ' s woik. and an added insight into hi- ular class room work. The girls of the if I ' .111! fn)m the high school gloried in I they made their own commence- ment drcN es. Ill the Training School there is little Miiipathy with the nation that such work is only a faddish va e sweeping the country. The teachers feel that it grows out of the natural unfolding of the child ' s life and long to extend the work in harmony with the ideas of modern industrial and vocational trainiu ; GIRLS GLEE CLUB NORMAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL hampered by military restraint. To illustrate signed and executed by the pupils. Thus it was that manual training forced its way in as course was had to certain illustrative work de- and apply concretely the ijrinciples taught, re- a felt want, though as yet done only by the IH-actice students. A plot of ground originally ' ])lanned for the library lawn was turned into a school garden. Aside from its many other values, it has since been the source of all the arithmetic, nature study and language of the first four grades. This use of his hands brings to the jiupil an appreciation of labor, a culture necessary for him in doing his share of the contemplated by the law, but the present facili- ties of the school do not pei ' mit it. From 1784 to 1907 the Training School had been an integral part of the school system of Terre Haute, conducted the same as any other school in the city. exre|it that certain privileges were granted it to acccimmndatc I lie ]iractice students. Failuri ' to adjust some ditlV ' rences in oj inion over these in 1907 lead the Normal Board to assume entire control of the school ' s management. Prof. Charman, by virtue of his position as head of the department of methods, observation and practice, became the trustee. James O. Engleman. the first principal in the in ' W l)uil(iiii2. severed his connection with the school in 1910, and accepted a position in the Wisconsin State Normal. His successor, Guy C. Hanna, after one year ' s service, resigned, and became iirinci])a] of the Boys School at riuinHeld. ,AIi Crawford was elected to fill liis place in 1911. The school has held for years to the theory that a reasonable amount of athletics is suffi- cient for a healthy sciiool spirit, and to that dames have l)een won from other state insti- tutions that thrilled the school and lielped the finances of the athletic association. The relation of the school wiiji its In-other institution. 11. P. I., excites some comment. Tlie incident of the elephant on tlie tower helps assuage the feelings of the Oats and Hay. It brings a feeling of regret that the athletic re- lations have been severed. With the remem- brance of their street car rides over the town. BOYS GLEE CLUB NORMAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL extent encouragement has always been given. Spirit and muscle have not been lacking, but rather time for training. The fact that -can-e- ly a man attends four years in succession, and not many an entire year, handicaps the school in contest s with other state institutions, and the uncompromising high standard of work demanded keeps many men from devoting much time to training. Yet the school has done many things worthy of praise. Football has created little enthusiasm, but in basket-ball, baseball and field meets much interest has been taken and verv creditable teams turned out. I)lanket parades and scraps, comes a thrill of excitement. Those were strenuous and exciting days ! The Normal became a memljer of the Inter- Collegiate Athletic Association of Indiana in 1895, and in 1897 two new departments of physiual culture were added, one in charge of J. P. Kimmel for men, the other for women in charge of Miss Anna C. Wright. Kegular and systematic physical training was then given to students, three term work being demanded of all students, and one credit given for such work. TABLE OF ATTENDANCE AND GRADUATION Year. 1S70 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 188C 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1805 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 . 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 191-_ 1913 36 76 96 125 121 103 171 216 200 258 258 308 301 353 334 343 379 359 386 439 441 381 598 526 454 537 511 479 470 476 462 498 452 488 447 529 488 543 481 516 611 Winter. 40 33 85 106 74 146 lis 120 187 198 218 270 256 297 329 320 369 319 375 349 358 421 441 372 436 680 680 534 572 568 501 446 511 457 504 463 498 483 541 523 589 506 586 624 Spring 66 84 131 197 2ks 183 246 413 385 372 478 424 611 636 626 686 671 770 957 930 1.183 981 1.167 1.351 1.189 882 1.087 1.172 1.198 1.124 1.070 1.222 1.251 1.313 1.,S51 1.5S7 1.575 1.058 882 875 110 202 306 618 663 536 674 726 (■)00 634 751 s,-,4 1.(184 1.353 1.150 1.184 47 64 104 143 165 162 135 179 2(11 283 335 319 371 393 4( 1 444 447 449 471 463 5ii(i (-.12 581 666 592 729 656 689 676 (■ 58 722 746 748 1.001 937 972 803 No. of Diff. Enrolled. 98 141 224 2SC) 304 322 329 (594 773 646 789 806 1.105 1.093 1.330 1.274 1..-.72 1.C.40 1,711 1,538 1.628 1.624 1.406 1.316 1.576 1.817 2.081 1.474 2.790 3.129 2.922 2.096 2.935 54 54 96 107 87 111 94 74 89 68 76 113 97 144 142 140 175 Ei t iSormal aiben FREDERICK J. SCHAUFLER ( Grade 8) THliEE yc ' iirs ago. when the trustees of the Indiana State Xoiinal School bought a site for the new library, they did not dream that they were also buying a site for a real ex- periment in school gardening. But Miss Woody and Miss Bader, being alive to the situation and seeing a chance for more extensive educational work, asked the trustees for the remain- ing unused ground for a school garden. The trustees gladly consented, and at once the untiring workers Ix ' gan to plan for the future. But they did not do it without difficulties. The ground was unfit for use. and tlie first work was to fit it for production. Soon by skillful fertilizj- TPAINING SCHOOI, GARDEN tion the ground was put in fit condition for bearing. TJieii the real work began. Hot beds and cold frames wcit i-iiu-(incl Ml. Kacli room of tlic training school was given a plot to cultivate. The beds were -doh hkkIc and xcgciabic- were plaulcil. Each year ' s production has proved to be a success and a plca- iii-i ' to both pupils and teachers. Not only common vegetables are ])lanted. liut exjijeriments are made in the production of cotton tobacco, flax, and hemp, and this. too. has proven a success. The vegetables are given to the children as fruits of their own labor. The other products are used for experimental work in the school. But in developing the practical side, and giving the children responsibility, the art side has not lieen forgotten. Flowers are raised, and the entire garden is bordered by lovely sweet peas. In the center there is a large bed of flowers bordered by the vegetable beds in the shape of half moons. WATERING THE Now t(i sonic, the (|ii( ' stion may coiiic. Wliat is the practical alue of this exjjerinieiit to l)oth teacher and child, especially to the child AVhat has the child received? First of all the child has been made responsible for work all his own. Then he is allowed to enjoy the fruits of his own industry, thus putting a premium on his work. Then there is an opportunity for the student who dislikes study to exercise his ability and see a real result from his work. It also teaches the student to love the common things of everyday life, and to see the beauty in them. It teaches liini self-reliance and responsibilitw ac(|uaints him with the real beauties of nature, her mysterious art of ])i-i)du ' tion. and teaches vixidly that there is as much beauty in tilling the soil as in writing a poem. THE HOTBEDS WHO ARE THEY? iHanual tE raining THE DEPARTMENT OF MANUAL TRAINING AND DOMESTIC SCIENCE WILL OFFER COURSES IN COOKING, FOR THE FIRST TIME, AT THE OPENING OF THE SUMMER QUARTER. A T the boginiiing of the fall term in 1905. the State Normal School offered its first courses ill manual training. There was only one teacher, the present head of the department ; and for the first term only ten students enrolled. By the end of the summer term of that school year one hundred thirty-three enrollments had been made in the various classes in the dejjartment. In 190( ' )-7, there Yere 218 enrollments in the department; in 1907-8, 329; in 1908-9, 27G; in 1909-10, 355; in 1910-11, 4.59; in 1911-12, 766; and in 1913, 900 students en- rolled in the department. There are now two regidar teachers and two assistants in the department. The legislature of 1913 passed the Stahl- Yarliug hill for the ' ' encouragement, mainten- ance, and supervision of vocational education in industries, agriculture, and domestic science. This law will certainly hasten the work of introducing the subjects mentioned into schools where they were unknown before, and probably be the means of extending them in schools where they are already established in the courses of study. The greatest trouble that school boards Iiave had in the past and jsrobably will have in the next few years is to secure men and women iimipetent to teach and supervise the teaching of these new subjects. With this in mind the general assembly increased the tax for the maintenance fimds of three state schools, Indiana University, Purdue University, and Indiana State Normal School. Pi ' oceeds from this tax will enable the State Normal School to build on the ground recently Ijurchased on the south side of Mulberry street opposite the city training school, a new mod- ern building for the accommodation of the Department of Manual Training and Domestic Science. This building will be com2 leted and thorough!} equipped within the next eighteen months, and the State Normal School will be established more firmly tiian ever in the lead of fill other institutions in the preparation of teachers for the schools of the state. TURNING ROOM I - Z S: ,,,,.,, ., !. ' «, 1 Mi ' ' ' ' ffl l K.L... f iigl i ' SSn 3 1 1  ■• SEWING ROOM jmui«t i IiL-L- jt ' i WOOD WORK EXHIBIT DRAWING ROOM MANUAL TRAINING ROOM ELEMENTARY MANUAL TRAINING ROOM FURNITURE EXHIBITS SOME ALUMNI Jfacultp of 3 WENDELL W. WRIGHT Laboratory Assistant, Psychologry SUSIE JAQUES Spring Assistant Psychology MABEL BONSALL, ' 96 ELIZABETH CRAWFORD, ' 06 WALTER H OOL ' kONX , ' 07 Teacher of Science, Training School ALMA McCRUM, ' 03 Grades Five and Sii, Training Sc EDITH BADER. ' 05- ' 10 Grades Three and Four, Training School PEARL SIDENIUS Music and Drawing. Training School MARY ELINOR MORAN, ' «0 Ajsistant Professor EngUsh and American . H . CHARLES BALDWIN BACON Professor Public Speaking and Reading JOHN B. WISELY, ' 85 Professor English ERLE ELSWORTH CLIPPINGER VICTOR C. MILLER. ' 05-12 . g„ , Assistant Professor English THIRZA PARKER. Spring Assistant English FREDERICK GILBERT MUTTERER Professor German Language and Literature ANNA COX Spring Assistant Englis ROSE MARIAN COX, HELEN FROEB, E. W. DUNKIN, ' 07 Spring Assistant Latin ELL WOOD WADSWORTH KEMP. ' 80 Professor American History and Civics WALTER HARVEY Spring Assistant European History JAMES HARVEY BAXTER Assistant Profcsscr Mathematics FRANK RAWDON HIGGINS Assistant Professor Mathematics SETH CLINTON MORRIL, Spring Assistant Mathcmatic; EDWIN MORRIS BRUCE Assistant Professor Physics and Chemistry JOHN H. OSBORNE Laboratory Assistant and Instructor in Ch«mistry GEORGE BURGET Laboratory Assistant FRED DONAGHY, Ml Assistant Professor Physiology and Botany HORACE POWELL Spring Assistant Botany and Zoo! Jl ■ 9 Ws CARL HALE BARKER Assistant Geography and Geology CHARLES REDWAY DRYER Professor Geography and Geology WILLIAM ALLEN McBETH. ' 95 Assistant Professor Geography and Geology MELVIN K. DAVIS, ' 11 Spring Assistant Geography and Geology WILLIAM THOMAS TURMAN Professor Penmanship and Drawing GLADYS DA VIES. ' 12 Spring Assistant Music and Dr, GLADYS BOTSFORD MERIT LEES LAUBACH Professor Manual Training and Domes WILLIAM UNVERFERTH. M3 Spring Assistant Manual Training and EDITH A. BAILEY Professor Physical Education ■Wo A. G. WESTPHAL Professor Physical Education and Acting Dean of Men CHARLOTTE BERTHA SCHWEITZER MINNIE E. HILL Registrar GRADUATING CLASS OFFICERS SARA J.KING HAZEL BINFORD RAYMOND REECE NORMAL SENIOR OFFICERS ;AMES H. BALDWIN ETHEL SCOTT Prcs. Winter Term Vice-Pres. Winter Term CHARLES B. FOWLER Pres. Sprmg Term NOBLE WILSON V,ce-Pres. Spring Term MARY SHEETS College Coursie Seniors; MARIE RUCKER, Terre Haute, Ind Major, Literature. GLADYS M. TILLEY, Terre Haute, Ind. Major, Mathematics, Gradtiate of Wiley High School, V. ALICE COWGILL, Terre Haute, Ind. ADA WELTE, Terre Haute, Ind. Major, German. z X ANNA E. COX, Union City, Ind. Major, English. SARA J. KING, Danville, Ind. Maj.ir, English. NELLIE HENDRICKS, Terre Haute, Ind. RALPH C. SHIELDS, Sullivan, Ind. Member of the Daedalian Literary Societ MRS. ANNA ROBINSON BLACK, Terre Haute, Ind. Arai.Ts. Literature aud Hi tnrv. LOUISE BARBOUR, Grainola, Oklahoma. Majors, Mathematics and German. .: LOUISE HARRIS, West Terre Haute, Ind. Major, Biology. MARGARET S. A. HARDIE, Terre Haute, Ind. Major. English. Member of Philomathean Literary Society. A Llamarada. WILLIAM UNVERFERTH, Freelandville, Ind. Major. Mamial Training. LESLIE A. CHILDRESS, Terre Haute, Ind. Supt. of Fairbanks Schools, 1908-1912. Member of Daedalian Literary Society. WILL D. ANDERSON, Terre Haute. Ind. Major, lathenuitic . LEONARD McCLOUD, Terre Haute, Ind. Superintendent of Fontanet Schools. Wiley, ' 08. CECILIA RUBIN, Terre Haute, Ind. LEE V. BRINTON, Clay City, Ind. Major, INIathemacics. Member of Ciceronian Debating Society. igormal Coursie Seniors THOMAS V. PRUITT, Terre Haute, Ind. Member of Ciceronian Debating Society. Chairman of Senior Program Committee. MAY McBRIDE, Freedom, Ind. RALPH H. SMITH, Martinsville, Ind. President of Graduating Class. .Member of Ciceronian Debating Societv IVA GLEN GOBIN, Riley, Ind. WALTER H. CARNAHAN, Lynnville, Ind. Member of Ciceronian Debating Society. Member of the Inter-state Debating Team, 191 HARRY E. ELDER, Knox, Ind. lember of Ciceronian Debating Society. LYDIA MASON, Switz City, Ind. ETHEL L. PARKER, Shoals, Ind. lembiT of Philoniatliean Literary Society. An Epsilon Delta. NOBLE WILSON, Bargersville, Ind. Member of Ciceronian Debating Society. EDNA BELL, Petersburg, Ind. An Episloii Delta. Will teach in Hammond ne RUTH HIGHTSHUE, Clermont, Ind. Alcmbur of Eclectic Literary Society. ABBIE BARRICKLOW, Aurora, Ind. Studied one year in Kindergarten Training School at Cincinnati. Has taught in Rising Sun and Elwood. Ind. Member of Eclectic Eiterary Society. BLANCHE CHAILLAUX, Orleans, Ind. Will teach Departmental English and Mathematics in Orleans Ind.. next year. CORA NUGENT, Elnora, Ind. A. HAZEL SMITH, Elkhart, Ind. OMA BROWN. Terre Haute, Ind. MADGE O ' HAVER. Terre Haute, Ind. HOWARD ROCKHILL. Newcastle, Ind. STELLA A. HARMON, Odon, Ind. Has taught in Evansville city schools. Will attend Stout Institute at Menominei ' , Wis., next 3-eai- ESTHER SOULES, Terre Haute, Ind. CORLISS R. MAXAM, Francisco, Ind. W. H. WHEELER, Staunton, Ind. DELLA LAUGHLIN, Terre Haute, Ind. EDITH PESCHECK. Graduate from Normal Course. Fall Term, 191j Teaching now at Bunsen, Ind. MATILDA M. REIFEL, Jasper, Ind. ■RANCIS C. McCULLOUGH, Somerville, Ind. DOROTHY BOWLES, Terre Haute, Ind. NELL E E. CONWAY, Terre Haute, Ind. OLIVE ROSALIND WHITE, Morristown, Ind. HAZEL B. KELLEY, Terre Haute, Ind. MARGARET S. YEAGER, North Vernon, Ind. ' sX y MABEL E. JACOBY, Plymouth, Ind. DORIS B. BUCK, Indianapolis, Ind. VIRGIL FISHER, Linton, Ind. Member of Daedalian Literary Society. LULU SEEVER, Carlisle, Ind. WALTER WHITE, Washington, Ind. Principal ui Glenclalc High School pa- NELLIE BREWER, New Lebanon, Ind. : Iaiors. Literature aiul History. EDITH W. BRUNKER, Riley, Ind. ESTHER NORRIS. Thorntown, Ind. EDNA ADAMS WALLACE, Milton, Ind. An Oniega. LYDIA MOORE, Pimento, Ind. JAMES H. BROWN, ElkinsviUe, Ind. Attended C. N. C. one year. WILLIAM D. STEVENS, New Salisbury, Ind. CHARLES B. FOWLER, Bicknell, Ind. Member of the Forum Literary Societ A. W. FISHBACK, Brazil, Ind. iLANCHE WOLVERTON, Delphi, Ind. Member of the Alethenai Literary Society. A Llamarada. EMALENE ALWES, Seymour, Ind. MARY PHIDELIA SHEETS, Angora, Ind. Studied three vears in Tri-State Clleg NELLE AGENG, Terre Haute, Ind. MARY FLAHERTY, Terre Haute, Ind. An Omega. ALMA L. TEICHMAN, Harrison, Ohio. MRS. ANNA MYERS-WALLACE. Wheatland, Ind. GRACE E. SCHWALM, Logansport, Ind. ELIZABETH STANDIFORD, Tunnelton, Ind. Alember of the Alethenai Literary Societi ' . A Mu Zeta. OLLIE DIX, Utica, Ind. MAY ZINCK, Utica, Ind. r Ieniber of the Alethenai Literary Society A Mu Zeta. MARGARET HAGEN. West Terre Haute, Ind. A G. REMY BIERLY, Elizabeth, Ind. Member of the Stale T.e£;islatiirc, 1912-1914. BERT EUDALY, Sheridan, Ind. JOHN H. CRICHFIELD, Linton, Ind. LEE HARSHMAN, Terre Haute, Ind. MINNIE BROWNE. Winchester, Ind. MRS. JOSEPHINE GOFF, Bedford, Ind. HAZEL C. BINFORD, Carthage, Ind. BEULAH STROLE, New Goshen, Ind. A WILLIAM B. FRENCH, Ft. Branch, Ind. RUSSEL E. WARREN, Saratoga, Ind. ] Iember of the Funun Literary Society. RALPH JOHNSON, Saratoga, Ind. ] [emlier of the h ' uruni Literar_v Societj H. O. KLOSTERMANN, Huntingburg, Ind. PATIENCE McKEY, Colorado Springs, Colo. MINNIE M. ROLLINGS, Terre Haute, Ind. A Myosotis. EDNA PEYTON, Terre Haute, Ind. LOUISE JANE McGILL, Muncie, Ind. LUVINA SYESTER, Hymera. Ind. .OPHIA RIECHERS, Crown Point, Ind. ZELL BELL, Kendallville, Ind. Member nf the riiilnmathean Literary Society. URA ANN CHAMBERS, Freedom, Ind. HOWARD WELLMAN, Terre Haute, Ind. A. E. HARBIN, Frankfort, Ind. Taught Science in Danville H. S., 1912 EMMET SIMPSON, Salem, Ind. N. I. CLUNIE, New Salisbury. Ind. ROSALIE MITCHELL, Hardinsburg, Ind. All Omega. GLADYS E. LUTZ, Fayette, Ind. MARY ANNE FREED. Orleans, Ind. JESSE LEASURE, West Terre Haute, Ind. FLOYD H. MINER, Carthage. Ind. Tennis Manage;- and Yell Leader. Specialist in Cliemi-try. r DON C. FORD. Sullivan, Ind. OSCAR HANEY, Brazil, Ind. :Member of Inter-State Debating Teams, 1911 and 1913. Member of the Ciceronian Debating Team. EARNEST CHILDRESS, Freedom, Ind. Member of the Daedalian Literary Society GLADYS HOPE McCLUNG, Terre Haute, Ind. f EURA M. MANUEL, Terre Haute, Ind. • 1 NELLIE CLEAVER, Lebanon, Ind LOTTIE PATE LOGAN, Switz City, Ind. Will teach Departmental English in Marion next year. L IP. Iw ROBERT E. ECKERT, Jasper, Ind. CLAUDE McFARLAND, Elon, Ind. CHARMIAN WILLIAMS, Indianapolis, Ind. ELSIE OLIVE KITTLE, Terre Haute, Ind. GROVER G. BROWN, Story, Ind. ROY L. WHITE, Georgetown, Ind. BENJ. R. THOMPSON, Rockville, Ind. . l(.-nil ei- ..f Cicer.iiiian DrhiitiiiK Society. GEORGE CROMWELL. Ashboro, Ind. MAYME LOLETAH BROWN, Bloomfield, Ind. lember of Philomalheaii Literar.v Society. An Omega. ROBIN W. HYNDMAN, Churubusco, Ind. Member of the Daedalian Literary Society. MAY MALOTT, Bedford, Ind. JOHN WELCH, Terre Haute, Ind. EVA MARTIN, Terre Haute, Ind. GEORGE W. CRAVENS, Hardinsburg, Ind. GOLDIE BRILL, Riley, Ind. ZOE BARBRE, Farmersburg, Ind. y BELL A. SMITH, Terre Haute, Ind. CLARA DAVIS, Mooreland, Ind. RAYMOND REECE, Dupont, Ind. .Me-mlH-r r,i ' Dacflalian Literary Soci- GENEVIEVE FLINN, RaglesviUe, Ind. KATHERINE N. ARNOLD, Terre Haute, Ind. A. A. McCLANAHAN, Deputy, Ind. HAZEL M. TILLMAN, Huntington, Ind. Philomathean. Epsilon Delta. Member Y. W. C. .- . Cabinet. CHARLES D. DILTS, Bryant, Ind. LILLIAN B. DAVIS, Carlisle, Ind. HARRY STEPHENSON, Windfall, Ind. LOUISA BRUNER. Freedom, Ind. H. LeROY CARMACK, Kempton, Ind. Ex-Laboratory Assistant in Psychology. Member of Forum Literary Society. MARGARET GROSSER, Brazil, Ind. HAZEL B. NEAL. Terre Haute, Ind. FERN HAMILTON, Franklin, Ind. JESSIE SINGLETON, Greencastle, Ind. JAMES BALDWIN, Windfall, Ind. ,Meni1)er of DuL-daliaii Literary Society. O. B. OSWALT, Wabash, Ind. SiipenmoiKleiit ot I .nicolii-hire High School next year ROXY LEFFORGE, North Manchester, Ind. WALTER WHITE. Washington. Ind. CLARA ELIZABETH APPLEGATE Thorntown, Ind. Member of the Aletheiiai Literarv Society. A Mu Zeta. LOIS L. TERRIL. Brazil, Ind. MAUD E. BISHOP, Terre Haute, Ind. EDNA E. LLOYD, Terre Haute, Ind. An Omega. A lARY DAY, Bedford, Ind. .MLiiiber uf the Aletlu-nai Literary Society. A Llamarada. ETHEL SCOTT, Danville, Ind. EVA NELSON, Valley Mills, Ind. MARY L. ENGLE, Clinton. Ind. NELLE SMYERS, Terre Haute, Ind. BENJAMIN ROPP, Flat Rock, Ind. FLOYD D. LONG, Pimento. Ind. JUNIORS JUNIOR OFFICERS RUBY CURRY. V.ce-Pres GLADYS RIPPETOE. S.cy. Fall Tern, CATHERINE LADD, S« ■ Sprine T., FRED JACKSON, Pr., Wmter Term HARRY VEATCH. Pres. Spr.ne Term SOPHOMORES SOPHOMORE OFFICERS GLEN H HOUK. Pr=s , Fall ana Winter FRED CLEMENTS. LEONA KRUGER, S«y., Spring RALPH W, SMITH, Vice-Prt NETTA McCAMPBELL, Chairman Proeran, Con,m.tt« ;ng RALEIGH STOT2. Trt DALLA ENGLEMAN, Tr, LENA FAILING. Secy., Fall Cfjc opijomoreg A T the first meL ' tiiig last fall. Nlr. Cilen Hunk was elected i n ' sideiit. Mr. Lalir vice- in-esident. Miss Ma.son secretary, Miss Failing treasurer. Mr. Hiuk athletic iai)taiii. Mr. Bixler editor. Miss Sullivan chairman of the j rograni c-onuuittee. Messrs. Martin and McDonald representatives to the (Oratorical L ' jague. These officer.s served for twelve weeks. At the next meeting Mr. Houk was re-elected president, E. Smith vice-pi-esident. Miss En- gleman treasurer. Miss Crowder secretary. Ii ' . Smith artist. Mr. Lahr editor, and liss Mc- C ' annnel chairman of the program connnittee. At the meeting in the i)riug term mui ' h in- terest was shown and the class represented by about six hundred members, elected Mr. Fred Clements jDresident, Miss Engleman vice-presid?nt. Miss Kruger secretary, Mr. Stoltz treas- urer, Mr. French Clements athletic captain, Mr. Cuianingham artist, and Mr. Martin editor. Two meetings have been held and a large number present. Mr. Bacon gave a very inter- esting talk on the subject of The Mountaineers of the Blue Kidge. It was also agreed to have a banquet the last Friday of the term. So the Sophomore cla- ill clo e the year with a general good time, and hope that the class next year can slip in and till its place. College Course iSotesi c. nil]) athletic writc-ii]). Iml h ' done this voar. In the term, the College Course basketball, the ' College ( consider that the year bt )t to tha: IX the June number of the Advaxce of 1s1l . tile C in,ni-,,v,. il Mtlilr.tir siMiubuij; ill tlic sclio 1 for tile next year. ' 1 t refrain fnmi mniiioiiing miiuc (if tlie Annual Cider .Meet (.f ' the Slate Xurmal during the fall -ci ' dud with ai points to the .Seniors 33. and in the inter-class wii- the only class with a percentage of 1.000. When we re were last in ex ' erything. we think we have duly kept our jsromise. Howe -er. athletics has not been our only pursuit. In class meetings and in social func- tions, the College Course has kept the lead of the whole school. When it comes to novel and interesting- entertainments we have not only kept the lead, but have kept the other classes o-uessins as to what we would have next. There has been no meeting of the College Course during the eulire ye other class in choul ran cq This was held at P irest 1 of all the trees leaving ( Ic feature was that Lee Brim iild ■. but what eats have been served. Tl d. We are also the only class that li ik in early spring, and. although rat ing). it was a very enjoyable alfair. I was able to fatten up after a year ' s is a record that no had a class picnic. lonesome on account lir. The most remarkable ir ' s teaching. •s. The time was. when the major- graduates. Although this is true hool graduates entering the College The College Course is steadily growing in n ity of the College Course students were Normal to a large extent yet, there are also many more li Course now than formerly. Our projihecy for the future t)f the College Cour.se is tliat they will not only steadil grow, but will, indeed, become the largest course in the school, and as sueh will have to b divided into th( four classes. Freshmen, Sophomores. Juniors and Seniois. and the Norma Course will be thrown too-ether as one body. COLLEGE COURSE OFFICERS HERBERT SAKEL. Pr« W,„Ur Term MARJORIE B CUPPY. Pres- Spring Tsrm CARL N MILLER. Pr«, Fall T=rm WINIFRED RAY, Vice-Pres. Winter Term „ ZELPHA BURKETT. Sec. Winter Term TOM JOHNSON, Treasurer HAZEL NELSON, Sec. Fall Term LITERARY SOCIETIES •BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHI ORATORICAL LEAGUE OFFICERS 9000® (Oratorical league iX IIENI-CVEIi any school organization his a sound foundation, and no dissolution in sight, it has a moral right to command the respect of the student hody. Such has been the case with the Oratorical League, which has gained the resj cct of the student body and a recognition on the part of the faculty never before enjoyed. Early in the school year the league, composed of two representatives from each of the various classes and literary societies, met and elected officers. E. J. Hemmer was elected president; George Burget, vice-president; May Zinck, secretary, and Marjorie Cuppy. treas- urer. Later, committees on music and arrangements were appointed by the president. With this excellent corps of officers the league began its year ' s work. I. S. N. AFFIRMATIVE DEBATING TEAM HARVEY E STORK I. S. N. NEGATIVE DEBATING TEAM WALTER CARNAHAN OSCAR HANEY BERT ELLIS The first event of the year was the Inter-Society debate which took place on the even- ing of Feb. 1. The question, which became the question for the Inter-State debates, was: Resolved, That the several states should readjust their systems of taxation so as to ex- emjit personal property and improvements on land from all taxation. The judges de- clared the Ciceronian team victorious over the Daedalian team bv a vote of 3 to 0. OSHKOSH DEBATING TEAM HARRY HAUFSCHIELD CHARLES MEYER ROBERT FISCHER Xow Prof. Biieoii uppeiii-er dojje, and began to develop t found wanting. His untiring )n tlio scene with lii sjileudid coacliing ) teams which, when weiglied in the ba forts were nat in vain, for on April liility and Corken nice, should not be io, our athrmative team, composed of VC. AA ' . AY right. H. E. Stork and E. J. Hemmer, met in debate, and de- feated by a unanimous decision, the negative team from Oshkosh, AVis. This had never be- fore in the hi tm y (jf the Triangular Debating League been accomplished. The music of the evening was s[)lendid. The loyal support given the boj ' s by the students and faculty was conunendable. On the same night our negative team, composed of Bert Ellis, A ' altel■ Cariuihan and Oscar Haney, won a unanimaus decision over Xormal, 111. Thu of the nine judges judging the three debates of the league on that evening. I. S. X. captured six. AA ' hat more could it ask i On Thursday f cniiiiz. May 1. Prof, and Mrs. Bacon gave a reception to the members of the debating tciim-. ami Mr. Burget, whose excellent work in arranging for the de- bat es deserves mention, together with their giid friends. Games were played and refresh- ments serxed. AMien the clock had struck on? eleven times the company departed witli pleasant uicmcu-ics of the evening, which was not soon to be forgotten. letljenai Hiterarp ocietp Ah. yes. the chapter ends toda.v: We even lay the book away ; But oh, how sweet the moments sped. Before the final page was read. — Dunbar. np ' HE end of the school year of 1913 chwes the sixth chapter in tlie history of tlie - ■ Aletlienai. Organized in l ' .H)7. with an enthusiastic member.ship of fourteen, the so- ciety has continued active ever since and, thoii ' li t lie year.s have changed its membership, tlie same spirit of kjyalty prevails and the same standard of excellence marks its work. There are several land-marks in the history of the Alethenai. of which she is justly proud. Perhajis best of all is the victory won by her representatives in the inter-society de- bate in lOK). which established her jarestige amoni:- the literary societies of tin- Xoruuil. This lii ' ganizatiou has always comprised a part of the Oratorical I.,i ' ague. and has taken (|uite an active part in its atfairs. providing from her own membership several splendid ofhcers. The past year has been one of no less activity than former years. The present member- ship list includes eighteen active members, who have sj ent much energy in working out a successful year for the Alethenai. They are the Mis.ses Mae Zinck, Zelpha Burkett, Esther Westbrook. Dorothy Bowser, Sara King, Larene B. Davies, Blanche Wolverton, Edith Provines, Clara Applegate, Esther Xorris, Mae Mallott. Lena Campbell, Marie Grose, Mary Day. Elizabeth Standiford, Hazel Hooker, Ella Heil and Ruth Costelow. The annual banquet held on January 18th was a decided success, and the toasts, all of which had reference to Indiana, called forth the highest loyalty to Hoosierdom. The regular meetings have been devoted to the study of standard authors .ojieras, men of note and debating questions and many interesting and instructive programs have been ren- dered. The oiRcers are as follows: President, elpha Burkett: vice-president. Mae Mallott; .secretary, Dorothy Bowser: treasurer, Clara Ajiplegate: parliamentarian. !Mae Zinck. and editor, Larene B. Davies. Among the Alethenai graduates are the Misses Mae Zinck. Sara King. Ella Heil. Esther Norris, Mae Mallott, Elizabeth Standiford and Blanch Wolverton. It is with regret that we part with these valued members, but our best wishes will follow them and. Once an Alethenai. always an Alethenai, is the motto they will carry with them. Next September will find the society ready for another year of work, and the unbroken chain of progress will continue. v fe« r 0 P|f JPWlomatftean i iterarp ocietp ' ' I HE Philuiuatlifiiu Lilerary Society was organi A-il y I ' ruf. Lardii;-! ' in IDDS. and one - ' - of its i-liarter members. Miss Margaret Hardie, was still i)ri- ciit al tlir ln ' ii ' inning of tlie fall term, but left to accept a position as teacher in the lar.un -clinois. Throughout the year three distinct lines of Avork have been pur.-ued. liic drama, parlia- mentary drill, and current events. Much gooil has been derived from the work. The -ilbject matter has been cai ' efully prepared and given in a pleasing maimer, for each fell that she must do her best in order to escape the censure of the critic. Such dramas as The Doll ' s House. Mnn and Superman. ••C ' liauticler. ••The Blue r.ird. Peter Pan. The Sunken Bell. Herod. In Mid-Channeh The Poor Little Pich Girl. and Streaks of Light. with their author- have been discii-sed. Each has deri c(l ximething helpful from the parliamentary drills, which have been con- ducted much as a ■lass ri ' iiiation. A great dnil of pleasure came from the etf )rts to put into iDractice the rules which had been learned. The society has kept in touch with the domestic and foreign e ents of the year through the discitssions given at each meeting. The social pha-- ,,f the .M-icly lia-. also, been empliasi .ed. Miss Mar-aivi Hardie. nn il„. ..Nruii,- bcb.iv leaving to take up her work in the Marion schools, wa- pleasantly -nipriM.d 1 ,y -. ' vcral of i h,. m,.mlH.r . Those who had the good for- tune to be present wer. ' the Misse.- Amelia Peters. Helen l)avi . Mary Sheets. Puth Will- cutts. Jtine Manor. Hazel Tillman. larjorie Cuppy. Anna Cox. and Minnie lirowne. During the winter term, the mo-t unique social feature of the year took place. On Feb- ruary 21 the society, umlci- tlic .lirc-tiun ,,f Mi,s Marjorie Cujjpy. gave a play. The New .System. in the Training School Auditorium. It re])re ented life in the future, when woman has received the Ijallot and gone forth to take u]i her duties of state, leaving man at lumie to work out his domestic salvation of h jusehohl duties. The cast consisted of eight girls: Mrs. Motfatt (Anna Cox) : a brilliant young chief jus- tice of the Supreme Court : Nelsonia Perry Chester (June Manor), a gallant captain of the navy; Xapoleonette Hannibal Hightower (Euth Willcutts). a dashing young army officer; Tiilania Pa.steur Darwin Mortimer (Rena Kiefer). a learne(l uni crsity pre-ident : Mr. Nlof- fatt (Mary Sheets), a henpecked husband; Mr. Darlington (Cleda Eckart). the co-k ami a former lover of Captain Chester; Mr. Bosworth (Margarite LTnderwood). the houManaid: Mr. Patridge (Matilda Eeifel). the lannderer. in love with the professor. The scenes took place in Irs. loiTatt ' s attractive living room. The new system after it was comiiletely worked out was dluntarily given up for the old. Each girl acted her i)art well. Those who represented the masculine sex made hand- some looking young men, and the art with which they did this was commendable. After the play, the guests were invited to the lower hall, which had been transformed to a dream of beaitty by the decorative committee. After a pleasant social time refreshments were served and freesias given as favors. The Alethenai. Daedalian. Ciceronian, and Forum Literary Societies. ' Sir. and Mrs. AVisely. ilr. and Nlrs. Weng. Miss Pvose Cox. iliss Charlotte Bertha Schweitzer. Miss Edith Bader. :Miss Caroline Schock. : Ir. Byrn and Mr. T. ] L Miller were the guests. Saturday evening. May 11. the Philometheans made up a picnic party at Collett Park. All were present but Helena Sutton, Gladys Rippetoe. Zell Bell, and Mayme Brown. Miss Margaret XTnderwood. a former member. Was present. Though the evening was cool the very appetizing l nich( on was in no way neglected. eclectic Xitcrarp ocietp 1913 ON February 6, 1913. a iminber of young Wdiiien of the Indiana State Normal School or- ganized a new literary society, the first literary society which has been organized in this school for several years. The society was named. Electic, since it is to be a literary society whicli chooses the best of literary productions for study. The following officers were chosen: Margaret S. Yeager, President: Olive White. Vice-President: Cora Cline. Secretary; Naomi Turner, Treasurer; A. Hazel Smith, Editor; Abbie Barricklow. Artist: Euth Hight- shue. Parliamentarian. Toe remaining charter members are: Lydia JNIason. Gertrude Cavender, Ura A. Chanil)ers. lilly Applegate. Ida Turner. Bell Smith, Mary Anne Freed, and Jessie Singleton. The new members that have been added to the list are : Nema Binford. Adna Lindsay, Goldie Brill. Lois Teriil. Mary E. Stork. Minerva Pay- ton, and Mrs. Anna K. Black. The society took up the study of current e ents and Indiana authors for the remainder of the year. Thus far, the lives and works of the following authors have been studied: Joaquin Miller, James Whitcomb Riley. Sarah K. Bolton, Mary Hannah Krout, Sarah T. Bolton Benjamin S. Parker and Meredith Nicholson. Some of the most interesting current evenrs discussed were: Popular Election of Senators, Commission Form of City Government, The Dis- covery of the South Pole, The Indiana Legislature, How Agriculture Can Be Improved. The Social Evil of the Present Day, and The Progress of Indiana Since 1816. One very interesting fact about the society is that there are thirteen graduating seniors among its members. Who said thirteen was r,ot a lucky number? ECLECTIC LITERARY SOCIETY Olive White Ruth Hightshuf Lydia Mason Mary Freed Gertrude Freed Margaret Yeager Cora Cline Adna Lindsay Gertrude Cavcnde Naom. Turner Abbic Barricklo ' Bell A. Smith Ida Turner Goldie Brill Lois Terrcl Minerva Peyton Mary Stork v ' ' ni3 ur Jf orum %ittxavp ocietp JUNE, 1913, marked the close of the ninth year of the Forum. At the beginning of tiie year Messrs. Carmack, Biii-get, Fowler, Rightsell, Harshman, and Barker, were present at the first roll call. The usual order of work was taken up, and the upbuilding of the society was begun. With this end in view the following new men have been taken into the Forum during the year: Homer Wright, Clinton, Ind.; Casper Crim, Hartsville, Ind. ; Robert Hoff- man, Greencastle. Ind. : Casey McDonald, Armstrong, Ind.; Ralph Johnson, Saratoga. Ind.; Russell Warren, Saratciiia. Ind.: Thomas Johnston, Bluffton. Ind.: Andrew Merker. Jasper. Ind., and Emmet Riardon, Commiskey, Ind. The literary work of the society has been confined mostly to topics of current events rather than to lengthy debating work on one subject. The fact that all of our men were doing work outside of regular school subjects did not permit of debating work tliat required a great amount of time, and current event work was substituted. As ever before the Forum has been foremost in the promoting of fraternal and st)cial affairs. The feeling of comradeship is prevalent among Forum men. The first social event of the year was the Christmas dance, given by the graduate mem- bers at Indianapolis. It was a splendid affair and served to bring together again the old members of the society. The members present were : Mackell, Senour. Pike, Spencer, Thomp- son, Nugent, Wright, Asher, IcCormick, Burget. Thompson, Wood, Moss, Scudder, Pierce, Smith, Henry and Webb. During the winter a little dancing party was given by the active members at the Elks Club, Terre Haute, Indiana, for the out-of-town fellows and guests. With the arrival of several old members in tlie sjuing the Forum House, at 719 Chest- nut street, was again filled. The seal was plae m1 h i the wall, an dall Forum men bidden to make the house their iicadquarters. The men making tlicir home here are Fowler. Rightsell, Johnson, Warren. Scn..nr. Ilntlniaii. Morrill and Mackell. The close of tlie year va marki ' d by the inth annual bancpiet and dance which was given a t the Elks Club on londay evening. June 9. The following active members were present : Alfred C. Senour. James F. Mackell, George Burget, Raymond M. Rightsell, Lee Harshmann, Casper Crim. Robert Hoffman, Andrew Merker, Ralph Johnson. Thomas John- ston. Russell Warren. Charles Fowler, Emmet Riardon, and Homer Wright. President W. W. Parsons, Dr. and Mrs. L. J. Rettger, Prof. Frederick Mutterer. Prof. F. S. Bogardus, and Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Westphal served as chaperones. Mr. Mackell, acting as toastmaster, toasts were given by Prof. Bogardus. of the factulty; S. C Morrill, of the Alumni, and Mr. Senour. of the active membership. After the banquet the remainder of the evening was spmi in dancing. The guests included members of the Forum Alumni, mem- bers of the faculty of I. S. N. S., representatives from the two other societies of the school, and ladv friends. Ciceronians; 1905 TIIK C ' iccnniiaii I )chaliiii:- Society was oru ' Miiiy.cd in tiu- sprinfi ' term of IIHC. Its chief purpose, as its name sni;e-esls. luis hei-n to fnrther the art of debating and public speak- ing in tlie Indiana State Xorniai Scho!)!. With a determination to accomplish this, it has exerted itself to sucli an extent that out of five inter-society debates, four victories have been labeled Ciceronian. ' With its active membership limited to twelve, the society gives, in the course of a year, a training to each of its members of the value of which is inestimable. The constitution has recently lieen amended so that special members may be elected. These men undergo a thorough training in jn-eparation to fill vacanices when active members leave school. The old membeis w lio entered school last fall were Messrs. Brinton, Haney, Wilson, Smith and Thompson. Xew men have been taken into the society at various times during the year. Tlie membership for the entire year — active, lay and speiial — includes these men: Brinton, Haney. AVilson, Thompson, Smith, P llis. Elder, Shaw. Shanks, McCullough, Pruitt, Carnahan, Paul, Brumbaugh W eathers, Vennillion, Buckles, Meyer and Koch. An eilort has always been made to secure choice mtn. and consequently many of the strongest men to leave this school have been Ciceronians. The quality of the work done this year ha been very high. Important prol)lems of the day have furnished the questions for debate, and every man has been broadened by their dis- cussion. ( )t c(iuiM ' not tlie nlalle-t feature of the work was the inter-society debate on the proposition. ■•liesolved. That the several states should readju.st their systems of taxation so as to exempt all personal property and improvements on land. The Ciceronians defended the negative and won the unanim ous decision of the judges. The society will end its year ' s work with a reunion of Ciceronians and a big banquet at the Terre Halite House. Jnne 7. It seems that after a year so rich in mental foo.l. a little physical food will not l)e out of order. Francs CM-Cllc. h Ralph H5m,tl, Harry raider TVPr..ff r V )ji 7 ■ ■B t si 1 1 — r w ■x .J i 1 m - - Bi 1 ) A L ■ „_---—_- ■■ ■■ ■■ f w Baebalian Hiterarp ocietp IXT ' HEX the Daedalian Literary Society was oro anized in 190(;. the eliarter members ' naturally supposed that the good effects, which were sure to follow, would increase from year to year, but none was there with such vi id imagination as to foresee the excellent spirit of fellowship and brotherhood that has been such an evident characteristic in the so- ciety during the past year (tf l ' .)li. ' - 13. Indeed, when the fall term opened, few of the pres- ent members realized the vast amount of benefit to be received during the school year that lay before them. It has been the aim of the society during its entire career to demand of all its meml)ers thoroughness and act ' uracy in work, punctuality in attendance, and gentlemanly conduct at all times. These characteristics have been realized during the year to a marked degree, for our boys have not only been thorough in their school work, making good at all times, but have been the first on the ground with any and all worthy organizations, which tend toward a larger and better school. Their punctuality is evidenced by the fact that they are always found on the front seats at all games, debates, student social affairs, and recitations, and never has their gentlemanly conduct been questioned except on the rooters bench when the general effervescence of enthusiasm and noise is a particular characteristic of every Daedal- ian. This, however, is generally excused by good authorities. With such pleasant and successful work, as it has been our lot to experience, it is no wonder that nothing has dispirited us. We have no occasion to find fault with anything. True, we lost in the Inter-Society debate, but did we not jirove ourselves cheerful losers, and did our lioys not redeem themselves by winning a unanimous decision over a team rep- resenting a school never before defeated by our debating teams. The work of the past year is finished. The time spent is forever past, but the pleasant memories of the year, gathered from old I. S. X. and its student organizations, will cling to every Daedalian as long as good times, tempered by long assignments, are characteristic of the Indiana State Xormal School. DAEDALIAN LITERARY SOCIETY § 9 d Ber Beutfi dje herein 1906 T TXTEK dfii litenuisfheu Vereinen unsrer XoniKilschulo hi ' findet sicli cincr, der sich - ' ruehinen kann, dass er sich in seiner Wirksandccil anz finer frciiidcii S])raelie wid- met. Diesel ' Verein, der acht Jahre lang unter dmi Xiinn ' ii ■•Der Dcntscln ' ' erein sein Ansehen aiifrecht erlialten hat, wird wohl von Seitcn nianchi ' i- Studcnlcu schiid ' anoresehen. und sein Tun und Treiben als geheimnisvoll und seltsam gehalten. Al)er (l x lieint it hoffentlich nur denen, die sich noch keine Kentniss der schoenen deutschen S])rui he eiwoihen haben, denn der Verein ist wirklich nur eiu Hilfsmittel, den Gebrauch dieser Sprache zii foerdern und zu erleichtern. Der Deutsche Yerein wurde in Herlwt, 1! ()G, gegruendet. Am 20, den Seiitember jenes Jahres versammelten sich alle jungen Maenner, die sich fuer die kSache interessierten. und Herr E. Fischer, der Vorsitzende der Sitzung, wurde zum ersten Praesidenten er- waehlt. Den Herren Weng und Hildebrandt wurde die Ehre, die Yerfassung vorzu- schhigen, und diese lierrcn vollfuehrten den Auftrag in so geschiclcter Weise, dass man nur unbedeutende Yeraenderungen zu machen brauchte, ehe ihr Yorschlag angenommen wurde und heute steht noch die Yerfassung wie vor ache Jahren. Der Yerein hat verschiedene Zwecke. Er soil die deutschen Studenten und Alle, die sich fuer das Deutsche iutcn ' ssieren, einander naeher bringen; die Interesse an der Arbeit des deutschen I)c|iartHiiiit- foerdern und Alle. die in diesem Department taetig sind. zu neuem Eifer anspDiiien. einen besseren Gebrauch der deutschen Umgangesprachc zu er- moeglichen. Bald nach der Organization wurden auch Damen als Mitglieder zugelassen. AYarum das geschah. ist durch die Berichte nicht ausfindig zu machen; wohl aber, weil die Ilerren wie ihr Stammvater Adam nicht ohne das andere Geschlecht fertig werden konnten. Bald bestand die Mehrzahl der Mitglieder aus Damen und so ist es seither geblieben, Jahre lang haben sie alle Aemter besetzt aber, da sie ja jetzt auch das Civil-stimmrecht ve rlangen, erwaehlten sie im Fruehjahrsquartal zwei Herren zum Yorstand. um so zu ueben. was sie fuer sich selber erwarten. Im Herbst. 1912. wurde der Yerein durcli das unermuedliche Strelien Fraeulein Welte ' s in den Lauf gebracht. Das Programm fuer jede Sitzung wurde so eingerichtet. dass alle Mitglieder teilnehmen konnten. Obwohl eine kleine Anzahl dn- Mitglieder sich durch andere Anziehungskraefte von den den Yersammlungen fern haiteu liessen, blieb doch die Mehrzahl treu und arbeitete ruestig weiter. Nach den Anstrengungen des Quar- tals gastatteten sie sich zu Ende des Termins den Genuss eines Kaffeeklatsches, bei welchem es sehr nach Weihnachten duftete. Im Winter — und auch im Fruehjahrstermin schritt die Arbeit ruestig weiter. Da Herr Professor Mutterer verlangt. dass alle Studenten des Departments sich eine gruendliche Kentniss der deutschen Gengraphie aneignen. so hat der Yerein sich seit Neujahr bemueht, das Yersaeumte wenigstens teilweise nachzuholen und mit dieser Absicht verfertigte das Pro- gram-komittee einen logischen Entwurf der Geographic Deutschlands um die Arbeit zu er- leichtern. DER DEUTSCHE VEREIN Aiu ' h niachti ' ii die Deiitschen zwei Auf Hue e. Weise aber eiii (leutscher (ieist Ix ' set ' lte die Teilnehi erschallteii, dass man die eiiiiv Stadt verlassen konnt freiindlichst einhiden sich an iliivr Sflioenheit zn Id all Es i|-ino- wdhl iia IT mid deutsche Lie mid die Wieseii n I ' freuen. d W; rkanischer Jnbelrufe ■Ider alle Taetigkeit einstellen, um sie im kommenden Herbst der. die prciniovieren, werden vermisst werden. Wir siiid sicher, reins aufreclit halten werden. wenn sie in die Weite Welt hinausge- suchen. Einige frueheren Nlitglieder liaben bei ' eits ihren Wert als • E. Fischer, der erste Praesident. ist gegenwaertig Austauschpro- liiilc ill r.ci-liii: IleiT 15. Srhockel iM IliU ' sprofessor in dem Depart- if .Id- ( ' lii,-a,oiei- rnivci-Mtact : Ileny.I. K.ldy ist als Lehrer in den 1 wciiii wir iiii andiTii fniehereii litgliedern benachriehtight waeren, wuerden wir gewiss manches erfahr. ' ii. worneber wir alle stolz sein koennten. Die Zukunft des Vereins liegt mm in den Ilaende.n der jetzigen Mitglieder und an- deren, die im deutsclicn Departmeiil ictii;- sind. Moege die Zukunft eine starke Mitglied- erzahl bringen. Moege ic den Kifcr allcr anspornen, den Wirkungskreis des Vereiiis weil zu vergroesseni, so dass unser Alma Plater sich dessen Einfluss und Wirksamkeit ruelunen kann. Xui wird der Vere zu ■rnei erii. DieMil-liiM las . sie die Ekre des ' ' ei hen um ilir (ilueck zu s Lei rer )ewiesen. Herr fc v ai del- ObcTlvalsrl mei t d, r (nM.gi ' aphie an I ' hi l.ppi leii Taetig; mn SOCIETIES OFFICERS WOMAN ' S LEAGUE MAY ZINCK ZELPHA BURKETT MARY DAY SARA KING OToman ' si ILeague ' I HE Woman ' s League has had a very successful 3 ' ear. The officers and leaders have ■■- worked toward lifting the social standard and strengthening the spirit of unity among the girls. There have been eleven active chapters during the year. The officers of tlie league are: Zelpha Burkett, president ; Mary Day, vice-president; Sara King, treasurer; May Zinck, secretary. The officers for the ensuing jear will be elected at the next meeting of the executive board. The dili ' erent chapters and their leaders are: Omega Edna Wallace Athleta Mamie Asperger Pi Zeta Amy Stirling Mu Zeta May Zinck Myosotis ilinnie Rollings Llamarada Mary Day Gamma Mary Carrithers Alpha Lucile Armsrtong Epsilon Delta Erma Georg Psi Theta Ella Inglis Kappa Geneva Smock The social calendar for the year follows : November 22, a tea. The Kappa. Gamma. Epsilon Delta, Myosotis, and Omega Chapters were hostesses. December 13. A Christmas party. The Psi Theta, Llamarada. Athleta. Alpha and Mu Zeta Chapters were hostesses. February 12. a musieale by Irs. Cliiipinger. oc e (LY:lX-v-vto ' Jl (L L a: (Iomega 1900 ' ' I ' HE Omega Section is one of the two oldest, and at jDresent the hirgest section in the Woman ' s League. It was organized in the fall of 1900 with Miss Harriet Paynter as leader. For a long time the State Normal School had felt the need of an oi ' ganized social life. The plan of organizing a woman ' s league, such as other schools had, took strong hold upon the minds of the senior girls, some of the women members of the faculty, and a few of the wives of some of the faculty members. There was a meeting of those interested in the movement and the result was the organization of the league with Miss Caroline Norton, of Indianajj- olis, as loresident. It was jjlanned that the girls should get members for the league and or- ganize themselves into sections. The sections were limited to twenty members. Miss Norton invited a number of senior girls to form a section. The Omega Section was the first filled and it consisted of eighteen seniors and two juniors — Miss Lula Reyman and Miss Harriet Paynter. Miss Norton, who was also a member of the Omega Section, presided at the meet- ing. From a large list of Greek names they chose the name Omega. The section was very active in its first year, but at the end of that year all the girls left school. In 1907 the sec- tion was reorganized with more vigor and strength than evei ' . Since then it has grown un- til its members are found in all jDarts of the state. It now closes a very active year with Miss Edna Wallace as leader. There are in the section six graduating seniors, the Misses Rosalie Mitchell, Edna Wallace, Mayme P rown. Edna Loyd, Mary Flaherty, and Cora Nu- gent. There are many nieml ers who will be in scliool next year, and this promises a bright future. The acti memb )t the section are: Edna Wallace. I na Hanley. Marv FlalicVty. .Mnyiiic Ill-own. (iwciidiilyii Volkers. Hazel Fislier. Helena Freitag. Mary Richards. Hila Lewis. IMeta Glavecke. Pvosalic Mitchell. Lucile Dmiavan. Alma .Shivclv. Ellen Davis. Netta McCampbell. lona Ilalloran. Elizabeth Freudenreich. INIargaret Ray. Rachael Schaffer. Daphne Bratton. Edna Llovd. Helen Dykes. Anne McMahan. Cora Nugent. Iva McClaren. The membersiiip believes tiuU the Oniesi are good and wholesome in the social life an back in 1900 that, The last shall be first. X Section will always choose those things which i it also maintains the prophecy of Miss Norton oooo H k HHflBH K B ' ' 1 ailiS Ipfja 1900 THE Alpha Chapter of thi ' AVoman ' s League was founded in September, 1890, hy IV ' lh Parker Kidder, now of Alexandria. LouiKiana. ]Miss Anderson, then grammar teacher in the Xornial, was imjjressed with the idea of the Woman ' s Leaa ' ue then so hrudv established She enthused the girls two first to be founded. was the promotion of s laller then and without in a irirfs life. )f the Xormal. and dt the the the girls of the Xor- tivities of today, sc pe was widen m 1. The social side meant less while the • nior 1 without the s( ■hool became the imjjortan t factors of cl u.pte limited to fif.t ■en, while now the general organization of th in the University of Michigan. Alpha Chapter was one of the The organizing principh ' mal. The school was mucli sn that the social side meant mon Gradually, however, the s mental aspects of life within a life. The charter members wer league allows a greater number to the chapter. The original members were Mrs. Beth Par- ker Kidder. Mrs. Helen Layman Dix, .Mrs. F.dna Crapo Hyneman, Mrs. Katherine Gilkerson Dickens. Mrs. Edna Eeagan Lybrand, Mrs. Sally Dickinson Craig, Mrs. Bertha Blything Watkins, Mrs. Charlotte Ostrander Wagner. Miss Addah McWilliams. : Iiss Blanche Tyrrd. Miss Zayada Scovell, Miss Alice Wood, AVinifred Muir, Cecil AA ' hite, and Miss Anne Keating. The former idea of the AA oman ' s League made for a closer relationship with the faculty and wives, each chapter having several of the wives as patronesses. The first patronesses of .Vlpha were Mrs. AA ' illiam AA ' ood Parsons, Mrs. Charles P.e.lway Dryei Kose. In June. lltlO, in lieu of the special exercises to conimemorate the sary of President Parsons, Alpha held her first houici ' oniing of tlie a come a biemiial affair to which all active and Alumni mi-nibci-- hiok foi Alpha has at j resent a strong active chap ' rer and a failliful body loval lo their Alma Mater. •. and Miss Elizabeth twenty-fifth anniver- lunmi. This has be- ward. of Ahmnii who are (§amma (§amma Colors. Crimson and Wliili ' . Flower. Anicriean I-Jeaiity Rose. ' I HE Gamma Gamma .Section was founded in the fall of 1902 with the fifteen charter - ■ members : Mabel Steeg Lammers. Rose Duenweg Rush, Sarah Hunt, Henrietta Herz Cohen, Anne Bigelow Eisenlohr, Forrest Cunningham Bellinger, Bernice Pierson. Bess Locke, Grace Rhiele Wischmeyer, Georgia and Edith Flood , Fern Casto Eppert, Florence Redifer, Gertrude Pastor Austin, Norma Froeb, Lena Carson King, Mary Walton. Since that time the section has grown to a membership of one hundred and fifty. There are two di- visions, the Active and the Alumni. There is a reunion every three years, which is held during commencement week, and the next one will be in 1914. Four regular social events are given each year as follows: First — A luncheon during Thanksgiving. Second — Matinee dance in February. Third — Annual dance in April. Fourth — Boat ride during commencement week. The Actives ' have a social meeting once a month, and at tlie last meeting of the term, the Alumni are invited, at which some unusual stunt is pidled oti. ACTIVE MEMBERS President — Mary Carrithers. Secretar y — Louise Dailey. Vice-President — Hilda Hathaway. Treasurer — Xadine Reed. Gertrude Kearns. Mary lahaffie. Margaret Worsham. Elsie Krueger. Ruth Boyer. Eleanor Bauer. Ruth Colin. Lela Ogle. Isa Mullikin. Mabel Hopkins, Elizabeth McXutt. Catherine Staff. Helen Briggs. Josephine Dunihue. Lena Campbell. Emma Ross. Anna Myer. Betty Hamilton. Lou Aiken. i lamaraba IX the P ' all Term of 1004. .sDine of the jiiiis who had graduated from the June. 04. ehiss of the Terre Haute High kSchooh now known as the AViley High School, joined together and decided to form a chib. This was done and not long after the AVoman ' s League in- vited them to get some more girls and become a chapter of the league. They decided to do so, and chose several girls then in school, enough to make fifteen, the number then required to become a chapter of the league. The Llamarada Sorority was the result. The chapter was named by : Ir. Wisely. The lir t li ' uder was : Irs. Chas. Montgomery, then Miss Frances Snyder, of Lafayette. The society started out well, it seems, and has always continued a strong and lively section of the league. The society retained its fifteen original members until the Spring Term. 05, when three new members were admitted. Of the fifteen charter uieuibers. eleven are uiarried, one is a practicing physician in Portland. Oregon, and the (it her thiec an- the pursuing their chosen ijrofession. Of the three girls who were admitted in the Spring Term of the first year, one is married, one is still teaching and the other has passed into the Great Beyond. This member is the only one, of the great number of girls who have belonged to this sorority, to leave us. The charter members were the Misses Lora Love. Maybelle Carter, Irene Ransdelle, Irma Parr. Orella Fidlar, Grace Cassidy, Anna Forbes. Jennie Thomas. Hannah Keister, Frances Snyder, Edna Peyton. Lena Hodges, Lena Admire, Lora Evans and Blanche Dick- erhoff. The three admitted that same year were the Misses Leotine Snyder. Ennna Admire and Margie Picking. The years that have followed have been very siu-cessfuj. each one it seems being better than the one before. The section has steadily gniwn and is now one of the strongest in the league, and is the sixth oldest section of the Indiana State Noi mal School. The Llamaradas have a constitution and by-laws which are strictly adhered to. They have a set form of initiation which is very bsautifnl. Their standards are more for scholar- ship than social prominence. At the beginning of the Fall Term. ' U. only three Llamarada girls entered school. Init they were faithful members and with the help of city girls they were al)le to organize and build up the section. The year has been a very enjoyable one for the girls. During the last three terms sixteen new girls have taken the pledge of Llamaradism and at the pres- ent time there are twentv active members in school. Established 1900 UNDERGRADUATES CLASS OF NINETEEN HUNDRED AND THIRTEEN Hazel Binford Gladys Lutz Minnie Rollings CLASS OF NINETEEN HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN Esther Neukom, C. C. Helen Sale, C. C. Sadie Drake Nelle Waller, C. C. CLASS OF NINETEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTEEN Bertha Krietenstein Rosa Schmitz Lena Failing CLASS OF NINETEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTEEN Marie Miller MEMBERS IN THE CITY Norma Failing Cecil Black Coradel Wade Fern Garen Mary McBeth Kathryn Groh 0i Heta ' ' I HE eliiipter, under the leatler.ship of May Zinek, has just added another i leasant and -■- profitahle year to its history. At the beginning of tlie fall term. May Zinck, Ollie Dix. Gladys Eippetoe, and Hope Tharpe returned to school to champion the lu Zeta cause, and after a season of delightful rush parties the Misses l{ul)y Curry. Elsa Finlay. Ruth Costlow. Clara Applegate, and P]dith Provines were added to the nienihcrshi]) of the chapter. Several social ' events occurred during the term. At the opening of the winter term our numhcr va IommmmI hy the willidrawal of Mi Tharjje from school. At this time our conslitutioii was icvi cd and amended -er3- mate- rially and a new pledge was added to the initiation ceremony. Following another season of delightful i)arlies we welcomed into our memhei-ship tlie Misses Nlary Adams, Mary Grigsby, Madeline AMiite and Lucia St. Clair. During this term we were entertained at afternoon par- ties at the homes of the Misses Zinck, Applegate, Costlow, Provines, and Eippetoe. On the evening of February 15, the chapter enjoyed a theater party at the Grand, fol- lowed by refreshments at the Eose. On Saturday evening, March 1. the members entertained their men friends at an indoor ]iicnic at the home of Madeline White. A delicious picnic luncheon was served, to which all did justice. The features of the evening were games, contests, charades, and dancing. The meml)ers and guests present were the Misses Zinck, Dix, Costlow, Finlay, Curry, Grigsby, Adams. White, Apijlegate, Pi ' ovines, and Messrs. Sakel, Houghland, Cunningham, Haz- zard. Swanigan, Carpenter, Baldwin, Xewman, Eeece, and Hyndman. Mr. and Mrs. West- ]3hal were the chaperones. At the close of the term Nlary Grig by and Mary Adams left us to accept positions. Miss Grigsby is teaching in the liedford school-, and Miss Adams in Panama. Twoof our old members. Eli ;il)eth Stan.lifor.l and Virgie DeWeese. returned to school for the spring term, and have added much to the si)irit of the chapter. The Mu Zetas were ho te-M- for a four course dinner at Eoot ' s tea room Saturday even- ing, April 5. The table a In iiii ifiilly decorated and pink carnations were given as favors. The guests were Emun r ariies and NIis. Byrn. Miss Barnes and Mrs. Byrn took the pledge on the evening of April 24. One of the leading social events of this term was a i:)arty at the home of Lucia St. Claire, on May 3. The evening was devoted to the enjoyment of music, progicssixc games, a most unique jsrogram and delicious refreshments. The members and guests who (■iijoyc(l the even- ing together were the Nlis es Zinck. Dix, Eippetoe, Costlow, Curry, DeAA ' ee.--e, Standiford. Provines, Applegate. Finlay. ' Miitc. Barnes, Way, St. Clair, Mrs. Byrn, and Messrs. Climie, Applegate, Stork. St. Chiir. Siglcr, VanCleave, Sakel, Hyndman, Eeece, Swango, Hough- land. Hemmer. Wier, Goodwin, and Byrn. On the afternoon of May 24, the members entertained their men friend- at the annual Iii Zeta ]ncnic in Forest Park. The day was ideal for games, boating, and an out -door sup- per, all of which were thorouglily enjoyed. i leta PERHAPS no friendshiiDs are so binding as those of a company of school friends bound to- gether by the ties of school associations. The Pi Zeta Sorority, organized in 1907, has promoted the staunchest of friendships and the small circle is gradually widening. With the opening of the fall term of 191: . theic were l)ut six members, who entered school, the A;Iisses Hazel Xeal, Louise Harris, Leo Swisher. Annitta Klipple, Amy Stirling and Larene B. Davis. It was not long, however, till new members were added to the list, and plans Avere laid for active work. These plans were carried out so successfully that an un- usually jolly year has been spent. The members who have been added, include the Misses Gladys Delph, Faye and Dalpha Fitzgerrell, Leone Wright, Lena VanCleave, Anne Litell, Elsie Atkinson, Edith Dillon and Esther ' W ' uchner. Misses Ariel Anderson, Marie Grose, Matt Caldon, Euth Harris, Verna Hixenbaugh and Glenn Golien, former Pi Zetas, re-entered for the spring term. The officers are as follows: Amy Stirling, leader ; Larene B. Davis, secretary, and Annitta Klipple, treasurer. The social calendar for the year has been a full one. and some of the red- letter days are as follows: October 1 — T iener Eoast. February 1-2 — Progressive Luncheon. October 7— Luncheon. March 1-t— Study ( () Party. October 10— Theater Party. j , , 29— Tramp Through the Flooded October 19 — Picnic. Districts Xoveniber 4— Fudiiv Partv. , ., , ' , .,. ,. , Xov-n.b,.,- • ' .■■,-Tl,ank..nv,no. Spread. ' ' ' ' 11-LiituUion Party. l),...,.,uln.r : ' .. Lnnclu:,u. .v 10-Spread. January 1— New Year ' s Eesolution Party. lay 1.— Supper at Collett Park. January 11— Chafing Dish Party. May 24— Dance. January 24 — Initiation Party, after which Jmie 11 — Farewell. the entire section attended the Xormal- DePauw basket ball game. The dance which was held on :May 24tli. took place at the Elks Club, and was a decided success. The dainty programs were hand-made, and the decorations in Ijlue and gold were simple and attractive. Pink roses and tiny Pi Zeta pennaants were the favors. Among the guests were the Misses Zelpha Burkett, Helen Dykes, Earnestine Balfe, Marguerite Eay, Marie Grant, Euth Partlow, Blnn.lic Xeal. Elim Johnson, Madge Xigatbnger and Messrs. Burget, Wethers, Henry, William-. Mi. Iki.I. l)a is. Swanagan, Jenkins Taylor Melton, Fow- ler, Wright, Haney, Mosby, Eecl. IIii.Im.u. Sliaiiks, Ling, Brinton, Dobbs, Johnson, and Phillips. The chaperones were Prof. Victor C. Miller and Miss Bailey. The graduate members are Misses Hazel B. Neal and Louise Harris. It is expected that several of the members will be on hand next year to carry on the work of the sorority, and Uncle Sam will lend his U. S. mail system to keep the rest of them in touch with each other and with the local chapter. £ii Cijeta npIIP: Psi Thetas began the fall term with the tullowiiig- eight iiieiiihers. Blanche John- - ' - son. Ella Iiiglis. Florence Peck, Madge (J ' llaver, Helen Plieifer, Esther Xorris, Iva Trout and Margaret Underwood, with Esther Norris as leader. Beulah Boewin, Reine Keefer, Eunice Peck and Elsie Veit were initiated into the sorority at the home of Miss Madge O ' Haver. Two social affaii ' s were held during the term, one a party at the home of Helen Pheifer. at which Miss Euby Martin, of Tangier, wa an out-of-town guest; the other a Christmas dinner at Herz tea room, covers being laid for twelve. The regular Sat- urday afternoon meetings were held throughout the term. Three of the members. Florence and Eunice Peck and Beulah Boewin, left school at the close of the fall term. At the beginning of tlie winter term, Ella Inglis was elected leader. The girls were entertained during the first of the term at the home of Miss Elsie Veit. Twelve member? and three guests were i resent. A winter picnic was enjoyed January 25th at the home of Miss Blanche Johnson. The main feature of the term was a Valentine party at the home of Miss Xell Flesher. The house was ajJi ropriately decorated with hearts and flowers. The e cning wa si ent in making -alentines for the memljers present, after which a two Among the former mcmbei ' - to return at the opening of the spring term were Faun Mc- Kamey, Val Patten. Xell (il(i ci-. ' ina Seister. Estelle Spitz, Carrie and Euth Siefer, Misses Etta Eusher and Edith Reiner were admitted into the sorority. A flower hunt, east of town, was enjoyed liy the girls early in the s])ring. May 17th the annual May lireakfast was held at Collett Park. The incnibi rs now in school are: Ella Inglis. Martha Foster. Xell (ilover, Madge O ' Havei-. KImc ' eit. Blanche Johnson. Edith Eeiner. Etta Eusher. Esther Xorris, Estelle Spitz. l a Triiut. Carrie and Euth Siefer, Vina Seister, Faun McKamey, and Val Patten. tfjleta ' ' I HE Athletas have enjoyed a very pleasant year. Se cral riish parties have been - - given and our annual dance given at the Phoenix Club in February was a very suc- cessful atfair. At this time many of our old girls were back and a small reunion was held. Our la-t party was given at the home of Esther Price. The house was beautifully decorated with wild flowers and a very pleasant time was enjoyed. The guests were the Misses Bond, Blanche Smick, Margaret Kisner, Gertrude Leonard, Euth Sprinkle and Gladys Weaver. The members present were Helen McKeever. Esther Ray, Anne DeHor- ity. Margaret Black, Alberta Harstine. Marie Eucker, Jesse Andrews, Helen Dick, Bertha Miller. Bernice Canine. Audrey Eoss, Sarah Daniel, and Helen and Esther Price. Eleanor Crosse, of Vincennes, was visiting us a few weeks ago. and a very pleasant time was spent during her stay. Sorrow came to us this winter in the death of Edith Trotter, one of our deare-t and most active members. The members in school at present are: Helen Dick. Esther Price. lamie Asperger, Edith Brunker. Helen IcKeever. Beulali Smith. Anne DeHority. P ernice Canine. Au- drev Eoss. Bertha Miller. Esther Rav. Sarah Daniels and Mari-aret I ' .lack. Cpsiilon Bclta THE Epsiloii Deltas, who wciv 111 sch() )l at tlie hcgimiing of the Fall Term were the ;Mis e- June Manor. Anna C ' ox. Erma Georg, Margaret Jones. Ethel Parker and Inez Kellev and Mrs. Eida ] I(E vaii. During the year, the Misses Zola Clotz. Edna Taggart. Edna Bell. Hazel Tillman, Hazel Easton, and Helen Grosser became members. Mrs. Enla McEwan, who has been doing college work here for three years, at the begin- ning of the winter term, went to Bloomington. where she will finish her work in August. The spring term brought back the Misses Margaret Grosser, Iva Inman. Lois Milleson, and Effie Smith. Those of the chapter who will gra(biatc in June are Edna Bell. Anna Gox. Ethel Bar- ker, Hazel Tillman, and Margaret Grosser. Mi s Edna Bell will leach next year in the Hammond schools. The social gatherings have been unusually pleasant this year. On Satunlay afternoon. April 3. the girls met at the home of Erma Georg to make I. S. X. pennants: and again, on April in. Edna Taggart and Zohi Glotz were hostesses at their home, in North .Sixth street: on X v 17. Hazel Tillman and Hazel Easton gave a pleasant evening long to be remembered by the chapter. A musical program was the chief feature. At their pleasant home in Brazil, the Mi— c-- Margaret and Helen Grosser were pleas- ing hostesses on Saturday afternoon and evening. Ajiril 24. The fortunate guests were: Anna Gox. Erma Georg. Iva Inman. Margar.t Jones. Zola Glotz. Edna Taggart. Hazel Tillman and Effie Smith. A splemlid dinner was enjoyed in the evening. A iiicnic is looked forward to in the future. )t. fjomasi quinag Club August Ringemaiiu. Margaret Hager. Inez Kelly. Katlieriiie Walsh. Anna Cunningham. Iiose Schmitz. Mary Flaherty. Ada Welte. Nellie O ' Connell. (i. Eemy 15ierly. Teresa Meyers. Anna Mej-ers. Elizabeth Freudenreich. Anna ] IcMahan. Eleanor Bauer. Edward E. Tierne v. J. E. Tierney. Andrew Mercker. Eeo Clements. Edward liiehl. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS CLUB FOR 4 - W t €qual Suffrage Uta ut of t!)e tate iSormal djool Ox Friday noon. December 5. 1912, was oriianized the largest and most democratic body in tire State Normal School — The Equal v utfrage League of the Indiana State Xormal School. The league includes both men and women of the student body and of the faculty, and has a charter membership of over two hundred to begin its work. Four- fifths of the faculty have signed its constitution. The purpose of the organization as set fortli in the con- stitution is the dissipation of the ignorance and indifference which exists with regard to the eiiual utTrage movement. Its membership is composed of those who l)elieve in the necessity, justice and licncficence of extending the suffrage to women. The officers of the league are: President, Louise Barbour: vice-president. Sara King: sec- retary, Winifred Ray ; treasurer, Mrs. Dorothy Byrn. These together with not less than twenty leaders constitute the governing body. The league is unique in its governing body, in that the four main officers are elected by ballot from the league as a whole; while the twenty or more leaders are volunteers, who pledged themselves to bring into the league within two weeks of its inception and before its formal or- ganization ten members from within the studinit body, and to organize similar leagues in their respective places of residence in the state of Indiana : and to act as the [jresident ' s cabinet in determining the nature and method of the extension work. The leaders, who constitute the president ' s cabinet are: Rosalie fitciiell. Mayme Brown. Matilda Reifel. Zoe Wininger, Cecilia Rubin. Anna R. Bhuk. Viola Llewellyn. Emma Dean AVright. Winifred Ray, Louise Barbour, Sara King. Alice ( )wgill Edna Wallace Mrs. Dorothy Byrn, Bertha Coakley. Emalene Always. Cntlierine Staff. Edna Vineberg, Clara Hill, and Miss Rush. There are no fixed dues, merely voluntary contributions to defray the expenses of the league in carrying on its educational work, such as literature, badges, l)uttons, entertain- ments. Literature and Votes for Women buttons have already been distributed amongst the members and on Friday evening, December 12, a little farce entitled. How the Votes Were Won. by Cicely Hamilton, was presented by the Terre Haute Equal Franchise League in the auditorium of the training school. This was preceded by an able exposition of the subject of Equal Suffrage. by Miss Louise Peters, of the Terre Haute High School. During the winter and spring quarters there have been bi-monthly meetings of the league; three of these have been evening meetings, the others mid-day gatherings. At the second evening meeting Professors Rettger, Wisely, Lynch and Mcl?eth gave each an exposi- tion of the reasons for extending the franchise to women; at the third. Miss Bertha Pratt King of the Classical School discussed the same subject, and met arguments against it, and an- swered questions concerning it. At the mid-day meetings, besides the business side, Mrs. Shryer, Miss Jennie McMidlen, Mrs. U. O. Cox and Prof. Chas. M. Curry discussed various phases of the subject. Votes for Women buttons are now worn by over three hundred fifty students: The WomaiPs Journal ' ' has been placed in the library; and a general spirit of interest and iuipiiry into the subject has been awakened among the student body, that will yield fruit in an inti ' lli- gent use of the franchise when it comes to Indiana in 1916 ! Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. g.  , €. a TllK y. W. C. A. has a sphere to work mitouelieil liy any other ( r i-aiiization of the Hchool. Its object is to reaeh out and touch every girl in scliool and be of lielp to her in evei-y way possible. It is the Y. W. girls that meet trains and assist new girls in co-operation with the dean, to find rooms. When the doors open on registration Monday a group of girls wearing Y. W. C. A. badges may be seen working about the dean ' s office or seeing that new girls know ' •what to do next. Their work doesn ' t end there for in the first few weeks of the term the calling committee tries to see every new girl as well as some of the old students. On Tuesday afternoon in the association rooms, meetings are held, which are full of in- terest and inspiration. They are conducted by members of the faculty, visitors of interest, or prominent social workers of the city. All girls are welcome, and the Y. W. girls endeavor to make them know that thi-y are interested in having them attend regularly. The membershii) this winter has been very good. The Cabinet girls have worked un- tiringly, together with nuiiiy (ilher loyal girls, to build up the association. Meml)ership con- tests have been iiii cticct ivi ' nicaii- (if getting members, and the lo-ing side ' s entertainments have been a xmn-i ' cif some g 1 times. Mission classes, wdiich took up the study of Mormonism tmder the splendid leadershiii of IVIrs. Schlicher, have been an interesting feature of the year ' s work. A I ' .ible Study Committee have arranged Normal Bil)le .Study Classes in tlie ditferent chnrcheN of the city, at which all students were welcome. The social instincts have not been neglected by the Y. AV. Once each term in the asso- ciation room a reception was given. These were attended by nearly all the student liody. and were a means of meeting many new people. The Cabinet has been entertained, together with the Y. M. Caliinet at two delightful parties. ]Mr. and Mrs. Wisely made them welcome, together with some members of the faculty, in a royal way. A good time w-as enjoyed at the home of Mrs. Anna Black, when the members of both Cabinets forgot their official dignity and pttlled tafl ' y. This was also effective in helping the two associations to work in co-oi)eration. Several times the two joined forces and had some interesting joint meetings. The Y. M. and Y. W. have had the pleasure of entertaining Miss Christine Tinling of London, the gi-eat scientific temperance worker. Tender the ausiiices of the two associations she gave a series of very interesting lectures and cha]iel talk-;. During the time of the great disasters caused liy tornado and flood, the Y. W. girls helped in every way they could. They went in grouj s to the relief stations, and aided tlie work there, and collected clothes and distributed them as eii ' ectively as they were able. At the mission convention, held in Indianapolis this year, Gladys Rippetoe and Zell Bel! represented our association. They reported a very interesting and inspiring time. Miss Rippetoe, together with Belle Smith and Winifred Ray. will attend the conference at (ieneva this summer. No doubt they will have many things of interest to report next fall. Tlie officers for the coming year will be: Gladys Rippetoe, president; Winifred Ray, vice-president ; Erma Georg, treasurer, and Minerva Payton, secretary. Faun McKamey has been appointed corresponding secretary; Margaret Gillnm, chairman of the Religious Meet- ings Committee ; Rose Rinehart, chairman of Finance Committee; Zelpha Burkett. chairman of the Social Committee, and Nelle Glover, chainnan of the Calling Committee. The other committee chairmen have not been appointed. The association feels that the work next year is in good hands, and expects to see real, effective work done. Y. M. C. A. CABINET RALPH H. SMITH CARL N. MILLER JAMES BALDWIN BERT ELLIS W. W. WRIGHT E. J. HEMMER EDWARD BUCKNER NOBLE WILSON ATHLETICS WHACK WRIGHT Manager of Basketball Team •home RUN CLARK Capt. of BasfcctbaU Tcan Manager of Baseball Tea ATHLETIC BOARD HANEY BALDWIN MISS BURKETT MISS BAILEY CLARK WRIGHT PROF GILLUM BURGET HYNDMAN RIGHTSELL MINER WILSON tijleticsi ' ' I HE close of the year marks tlie close of an eventful year in athletics for the Indiana - - State Normal. Successful teams, both in basketball and l)aseball, have been evolved, and work was begun in the fall term towards building a track and field team for Normal in the course of a year or two. The first event of the yciir was (he interclass track and Hrld meet held at Parsons Field dnrino; the fall term. The men started with a vim and in the final windiip the Seiuors won SENIOR TRACK TEAM the meet over the College Course by a mai ' gin of two [loints, ?.l to ?,: ' ,. The joy of the last year men was unl)0unded and the cider furnished by the losing classes Unwed freely at their meeting. Coach Westphal now issued the call for basketball candidates and began ■■weeding out a team. The first game was called on December G. Before an enthusiastic crowd of more than five hundred students Normal swamped Merom in a one-sided game. Our team displayed sensational earlv team woi ' k. and the vis- itors did not have a chance. Score, 35 to 13. U ' l- o •( l-wh I ' lniing vic- Mil (.1 irs. The second he liii al sc( ire stood 82 ICMStK ha.l ■. Oi little 11- men were ■ troiihle in The second pun. ' . Iliat with Danville Normal College, was aiu.t tory foi- our team. From the first few seconds of play the jiame was half hecaiiie a monotonous succession of goals for Stale Normal, and to 10. Arcom|ianied hy a car loail of roo(ei-s the team played next at (ire( greatly liandicapjied hy (he imusiial lloor conditions at DePauw. taking a victory from them to the tune of 35 to 31. Showing wonderful ability and splendid team work Normal won her fourth consecutive victory when she defeated the .strong Butler five at Indianapolis. The Butler team was at no time a match for the blue and the wdiite and the final score stood 29 to 11, Normal leading. Our men again downed DePauw in the second game of the sea.son between the two schools. The game was poorly played. It was an off night and we could not hit the bas- ket. At one point of the game we were twelve points behind DePauw, but the fighting spirit of onr hoys was aroused and they came back strong, winning by a score of 32 to 26. At Indiana I ' liixeM ity we met the liist defeat of the season. The Indiana team proved too strong for our men. and at the final tap of the gong we were k ft with the short end of an 11 to 26 score. The game was rough and Unverferth was compelled to stay out of school for some time afterward. The game with Eastern Illinois was a i ' rics of rough tactics, hrillianl playing, and fist fights. The cliang, ' made because of the illncs-, ..f rnvci-f,Tih alnu.M proved ' disastrous to the team, but swift playing at the last pnllcil ii another victory. The next game, that with Christian lirothcrs College, at St. Loui.s. was a farce as far as basketball goes. The referee being a memhcr of the college team, was blind to all liut one side. After three of our men were slugged our team was withdrawn from the Hoor. This college has anything beaten for unfair treatiir-nt that Normal lias ever heard of. A pleasant reaction from this ti-eatment was the reception accorded the team at McKen- drie College. There they were treated as men and friends, not as animals. The game that followed was devoid of the angry feeling that prevailed the evening before. The liattered condition of the team ])revented any work of ipiality. and we wei-e defeated by a score of 26 to 46. On the road trip to Hanover Normal lost an exciting game by a close score, the game be- ing in doubt until the final tap of the gong. Score 21 to :l(l. The next night Normal came back strong and won easily from .Moores Hill with a score of 40 to 22. each man of tin- K ' am playing a -pl -ndi.l game. Th.. pivM.nlati.m .d ' thc N. ' - hy Piv-nl,.nt l ' ar-,,i successful team in the hiMni-y of (he In, liana State o ' ei- th ' s(a(e. The following men received letters: lion. Knauth. rnverferth and Managaer Wright. Attention was now turned to baseball, and Coai didates. Practically all of last year ' s men came in with the addition of the new men. of whom especial a splendid s |uad of halldossersturn.Mlont for Norma game n{ {hv season vi(h only two days practice, a spring from the severe strain. With a record-breaking crowd the first game, (hat with DePauw proved an easy vic- tory for Normal. Calbert, first pitcher for DePauw, was knocked out of the box, and despite ns clos, ' d the season. It was the mos( Norma 1. and a(tracted notice from all Captai: u Clark. Wilson. Stifller. Vermil- .■h Wes tphal issued the first call for caii- M ' hool sDuie time during the term, and nientio n should lie made of Pitcher Crim. al. Cr ini was fori ' cd to ] i(ch the first md he sntl ' ered the renniiuder of the the rally given DePaiiw by the entrance of Patterson, the final score stood 7 to 3 in favor of Normal. Crini iMtched a s])lendid game and the .support of the team conld not liave been better. The vim of the Xornial was increased by the Normal Band, whifh w iis out in force. Under the management of Swango this organization has become an asset of the school, espe- cially, in athletics, that should be given more credit than it receives. The second game of the season was a disappointment. The game with Eastern Illinois was a succession of poor plays and bonehead work. It was an olf day. and a strong team to play. The score. 9 to 4. was m favor of Illinois. SENIOR BASKETBALL TEAM On May 1 our team again met the .SiickiT . tlii- lime on i heir own field and again were defeated. Haw wcuk on the part of the unipiiv was in a givai dcgic. ' to account for the de- feat. We drove out eleven hits, while Crim allowed hut -cncu. The score at the end stood 1 to 5 in favor of Illinois. Our team was now strengthened by the addition of Former, an old Normal star, and in the game with Earlhani College we came out with a victm-y. Earlham had a strong team, but in the fiu;il wind-up we had the largest end of a C. to 2 score. In the game with Franklin we again met defeat in the luoM closely coulesled gauu ' of the sea.son. The two teams seemed to be ecpuil in strength and the result coidd not be determined until the verv end. The ninth innins stood 2 to 1 in favor of Franklin. On the trip to Mooivs Hill and llanoviT we faiTied off two more victories. They were easily won. that with Hanover resulting in an 8 to 4 score for Normal, and at Moores Hill in a thrilliiii: ' anie we won out by a 3 to score. Following this came the game with Hanover on our field. In a game of loose hall we won by a score of 9 to 0. Hanoxer seeme l to be unable to connect, and our boys playin r ex- cellent ball si eedily jailed up the score. During all tins time Coach Wc--I|ihal was working the men in preparation for the I. C. A. L. meet at IJiihuKind. Ndrmai ha- had no track team for a number of yeai-s, and this year it was only intended t make a start. With but little time for coaching and but few experi- cni ' ed men. Xoi ' mal went In IJichmond with the exjjectation of nut winning anything, but we came nut with a second |ilacc in the ruinung high jump. A ' ith 1ml three days ' practice Tony won . vcr the men of In, liana . ' ollcges who have been working for months. The spirit of the other men shouhl be commen, led as thev were working against the odds of insufficient coai-hmg and lack ot practice. During the last week of school the following men were awarded Xs: Haseliall. Captain Musselnian. Friedman. Brewer. Knauth. Merker. Bayh. Hogue. Frakes. C ' rini Fortner. I rown and Manager Clark. Tra. ' k Men : Tonv. and Managei- IJiii-htsell. N i .( M ' irlg ' pasliEttjaU ALONG with the cchiK ' s from the Siitira i-e C ' hil). Wonuui is advancino- in the home, in industry. ( tc.. etc. cnme prohahly even louder echoes from the gymnasium, ' ' Woman has already advameil in athletics! At least, the increased interest in women ' s athletics has o-iven woman a hcttcr (}i)])(irtnnity than ever before to show her prowess alone; this line. COLLEGE COURSE GIRLS ' BASKETBALL TEAM FLORENCE FELLA iG CLARE GOLDMAN iFi INEZ KELLEY (F) LOUISE GILLUM I Fi ESTHER NEUKOM (G) DOROTHY ROBERTS (C) And so in the girls gym, and well secured from all uiasculine eyes, there were staged three of the most exciting and thrilling games ever witnessed. And every one a double- header! The games were intei ' -class and the teams were given the heartiest support by their cla.s-smates. At the first of the season it was impossible for the wise ones to obtain dope, if we may borrow that very masculine term. Miss Bailey had taken all available material, a great deal of it most unripe, and develojied four well-rounded, hard-fighting, energetic bas- ket-ball teams. The first game. P ' el)ruary •2i . was: Seniors s. . Dphomdres. College Course vs. Juniors. The Seniors were victorious over the Sophomores with a score of Id to S. and the Juniors lost to the College Course by a score of -iO to 8. The line-up was: Senior ' s. Sophomores. Hazel Neal F Gertrude Steepleton Mary Sheets F Elsie Hudson Charmian Williams C Blanche Smith Ethel Scott G Gladys Gray Edna Bell G Hildegarde Maehling SENIOR GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM College Course. Juniors. Louise Gillum F Hila Lewis Clare Goldman F Bertha Stevenson Dorothy Eoberts C Annitta Klipple Florence Fella G Fern Rush Esther Neukoni G Lydia Griffith By the next Wednesday. March 5, interest was growing. The fans were formulating dope. In this game the College Course demonstrated the superiority of weight over height, defeating the Seniors by a score of 13 to 8. The plucky Juniors, not disheartened by their last defeat, set to with a will and de- feated the Sophomores with a score of 18 to 10. The line-up: Seniors. College Course. Edna Wallace F Inez Kelley Mary Sheets F Clare Goldman Chai-niian Williams C Dorothy Koberts Edna Bell G Florence Fellah Jessie Singleton G Esther Neukom Ethel Scott G JUNIOR GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM LYDIA GRIFFITH BERTHA STEPHENSON JEAN HILA LEWIS LENA CAMPBELL ANNITTA KLIPPLE ■III triors. Sophomores. Lena McCainpbell F ( iertrude Steepleton Hila Lewis F Elsie Hudson Annitta Klipple C Blanche Smith Lydia Griffith G Gladys Gray Bt ' i-tlia Stevenson G Hildegarde Maehling By the time of the third game. .M;ircli 1-J. ■•dnpc was ahvady fixed. College had de- feated both Juniors and Seniors, hoth of whdinhad in turn defeated the Sophomores. But the capricious little god of chance (hard practice) had long ago made up his mind that the Sopho- more team was just the team to defeat the College Course, and they, to use tlie language of poets, up and defeated them ' ' by a score of 14 to 5. The Seniors defeated the Juniors as easily as tiiey had outplayed the Sophomores, with a score of 15 to 7. Line-up : Seniors. Juniors. Hazel Neal F Lena McCampbell Edna Wallace F Hila Le nis Charmian Williams C Annitta Klipple Ethel Scott (t Hazel Showalter YAwA Bell (i Lydia Griffith SOPHOMORE GIRLS ' BASKETBALL TEAM College Course. Sophomores. Louise Gillum F Gertrude Steepleton Inez Kelley F Elsie Hudson Dorothy Roberts C Blanche Smith Esther Xeukom G Gladys Gray And so the basket-ball season ended, a season resplendent with brilliant plays and fine enthusiasm. The Seniors and College Course tied fur the championship. It will be i)layed off at some future date. As a mark of appreciation of her excellent and untiriuir work, the rirls of the teams pre- sented Miss Bailey with a white sweater coat. Long live girls ' athletics ! NORMAL HIGH SCHOOL BASKETBALL TEAM WESTPHAL, Coach BERNHEIMER.C.n«r MANDEVILLE Capta.n BOLTON. Sub FISHBACK.Man BARTHOLOMEW. Sub SULGER. Guard HAYMAN, Forwar RECORD 1-1 ■! 1 IL H j ; ■24 17 Vlumiii ■W Normal S Marshall H. S. 13 H 8... (iarfield H. S. •)() Normal H. S. . . . 44 Casey H. S.... 18 ■y , ,1 H. H. ,s 30 23 (iarfield H. S. Clavton H. S.. 15 Noniuil s. . . . IS Normal n. s. . . . •2G (ireencastle H. S. . . 15 Normal H. 8. . . . IS Cory H. S.... 17 Normal H. s. . . 15 Wiley H. S.... ■2t Normal H s ••11 Kvansville H. s -3 GOOD NIGHT