Indiana State University - Sycamore Yearbook (Terre Haute, IN)

Text from Pages 1 - 332 of the 1911 volume:

THE NORMAL ADVANCE W 3 And at last in her heart grew up a bitterness and resentment, which became too great for her to conceal. All the leaves which sprang in soft hopefulness from her body, soon ended in defiant spines thriist out in irritation at all the world. Being better than the grass, why had she not been born a companion of the leaves and blossoms which reveled in the tree- tops? Her very growth was but a mockery be- side the tall, straight trunks that rose so lightly into heaven. And ever more impenetrably did the thistle wrap herself in her garment of thorns, resolved at last to shut out the world, as she herself seemed shut out by all created things. But mother earth did not forget this most neglected of her creatures. Without partiality, from day to day and from month to month, she sent up the life-giying nourishment to thistle and grass and lordly trees alike. And all the while the brook kept up its shallow chatter, forever appearing to take an interest, and yet forever bound on its own thoughtless course. sAnd the revels, too, in the tree-tOps continued as before. But what were they all to the lonely thistle? Theirs was the golden feast of sun- light, hers the garment, of thorns in the shadow below. Better had it been for her7 if she had never known of that gleaming life, for the share which fell to her was only a hasty Hash of brightness now and then, which escaped through their ranks as they swayed and shifted in their haughty processions, like a crumb dropped without thought from the tables of light. So, little by little and day by day, the poor thistle came to hate the light, and to wish for the darkness, which alone treats all the creatures of earth alike. She hated the living and growing of the day-time, and longed only for the nothingness into which the night wraps the reveling blossoms no less than the lonely weed. And all day long she stood with her countenance set westward toward the rift in the forest through which the brook passed on its way, and waited for the night to come. But the lord of light cared naught for this, and day by day he passed with his gleaming train far from the thistle,s narrow span of sky. And yet it was there, at even-time7 that the purple clouds, his hand-maidens, gathered to await his coming. And with their fine feminine feeling for the wants of the needy and for- saken, with the infinite tact which they had learned in their long service, they contrived to let even the lonely thistle see the reiiection of the glory which she was not herself to behold. Not long was the time during which the clouds could tarry at the rift in the forest, through which the brook passed on its way. But their gentle ministry in time brought new life and hope to the lonely thistle, even against her wish, and soon she dreamed all night of the purple clouds she had seen in the evening, and of purple flowers that grew where the spines of her garment were by day, and at last she forgot that she had hated and began to love. The nights passed away, and the days that followed them, and mid-summer came and went. The revelers in the tree-tops began to grow weary of their gorgeous existence. The birds of passage, too, musicians all the summer long, made bold to intrude upon the scene of the season7s gaiety, and in sharp and strident voices to discuss the time of departing. Even the breezes forgot at times their wooing gal- antry of the earlier days. But the thistle in the shady gloom below had grown taller and stronger. The thoughtless glints of light from above no longer irritated her as before. Night after night she dreamed of the purple liowers, until the glow of the sunset clouds became to her as a future life. And then, one day, she knew that her Vision had turned into reality. First upon her highest top, and then on all her branches, the flower-fruit of her dreams came forth in purple glory. More than ever now did she disdain the craven grass and the simple brook with its in- constant chatter. When the revels above were over and the tree-tops bare and neglected, why might not she, purple-crowned herself, be queen of the forest? For one brief moment even she ventured to 100k upward to the new realm which was to be hers. But that one look was 4 THE NORMAL ADVANCE the end of her pride. For her children, the blossoms, of whom she had dreamt, on whom her life and love were expended, unanimous in their ingratitude, seemed ashamed of their lowly mother. The purple of their faces, which she so longed to see, was turned away to the light from which it had come. Then she knew that she was still but a humble thistle, whose real lot was of the earth, and only her dreams of heaven. And that of which she had dream- ed, the purple flower, which her own hope and her longing had made a reality, belonged not to her, but to the light. Hers was only the spiny back by which the blossoms acknowledged her earthy parenthood. From mother earth she had come, and to her ways she now returned. Dark, sullen and in- scrutable, like her, she sent up the nourishing sap of life to the thankless blossoms, and they grew, and they attracted the wooing bees and the admiring butterflies, and flirted with the breezes' and the simple brook. A humbler life of joy than that in the'tree-tops, and yet, des- tined like it to end. For joy and sunlight is nowhere for length of time. Only the gloom and the darkness, and the dull, dense earth, have life everlasting. And into her inscrutable bosom, joyless as it had been at its birth, the thistle7s spirit little by little descended. The blossoms on her tops lost their gayness, their purple heads turned white. They were roughly handled now by the winds that had so lately been their suitors, and carried away they knew not whither. But even then, though they stopped not once to look around, to the dim eyes of the lonely thistle they were lovelier than all her dreams, as they fioated and danced from her sight in the train of their new lord. Thus day by day they left her, their faces ever turned away without adieu. And when they were all gone, the thistle alone stood pale and Silent amid the dying grass. KINDNESS. Who lives For kindness gives A light to darkened lands; And though no image of him stands In public place, he is a martyr Amid piratic schemes of barter And triumphs tho, he die unwept; His light may once have crept Through hearts of stone And shone. eMaac E hmamn. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 5 Hallowe ,en JESSIE KASSING There are many customs and practices con- nected with our life that we may never have seen the significance 0f or understood how they came about. One of these is the observance of Halloweien, which takes place on October 31st, The Romans had a festival about this time of the year for the Goddess of Fruits. When the Christians came to Rome they found that the Romans had many pagan feasts that they were loath to give up. Many times there were Chris- tian holidays that absorbed the celebrations of the pagans. It was so in this case, for Novem- ber 1st marks the conversion of one of the saints7 which was celebrated with a feast for All Saints. In this way the pagan and Chris- tian practices combined to a degree. While customs regarding Hallowden all started in much the same way, yet different countries wove them into their lives, making changes to meet the needs of the people. Thus for some reason the Druids in Gaul and Britain added the belief that evil spirits were abroad, that the dead were alive, besides many other curious features. In Great Britain many of the ancient and extremely superstitious customs were religiously adhered to for many years, but gradually this aspect has been ruled out, so that although the old customs, such as building fires and tolling bells to keep the spirits away are continued, they are kept to add enjoyment and entertainment. Scotland and Ireland place more stress upon the observance of this Vigil than any other na- tions. Robert Burns wrote a poem called ttHallowe7enf7 in which he set forth numerous pleasing details. The last stanza seems to give 7. the spirit which pervades Scotland during the merry-making. ttWi merry sangs and friendly cracks, I wat they did na weary; And unco tales and funnie jokes- There sports were cheap and cheery; Till butlerid s0w7ns wi7 fragrant luist, Set al their gabs a-steeren; Syne, wi, a social glass at strunt They parted off careerin Fui blythe that night? The religious element has been strikingly prominent in regard to Halloweien in Ireland. Cakes and candles are distributed on Hal- loweien to be used the following day at the feast of All Saints. The candles are then lighted, and prayers are said before the cakes for departed souls. In all these countries there were countless games of a more frivoleus na- ture regarding the day. It seems to have been always considered a good time to find out about oneis husband or wife. Indeed this light aspect appears to be the one that has grown up in the United States. It probably had to be that way eventually, for people could no longer accept the superstitious element. In this country, though, almost all the beauty is gone, and there is much of rough- ness in all our customs. Extra policemen are put on duty to protect the property of our citizens and to preserve order. When people miss all the movable articles about their premises after Halloweien, it is hard for them to see that there is any significance in Hallowden. 6 I THE NORMAL ADVANCE You Never Can Tell THIRZA C. PARKER. Mr. Samuel Prescott IVarner was. in love. He hadn,t told anyone about itrperhaps because any statement from him would have been super- fiuous, for everyone at the big summer hotel knew it. But, contrary to his usual good judgment, Mr. Warner had elected to fall in love with the most impossible girl there. I say c4impossible? because none of the men had been able to make love to her, successfully. Mr. Warner was the hero of several affairs of the heart, and was rather well-versed in the ways of womeneor thought, he was at any rate. But this particular specimen of femininity didn7t seem to fit, in anywhere. He found himself turning her most obvious remarks over in his mind, and survey- ing them, suspiciously, from every possible angle. He was uneasy when he was talking to her7 and he was frantic when he wasn,t. A1- together, Mr. Warner was paying rather dearly for his lack of judgment in falling in love with the only girl at the hotel who wasntt in love with him. However, there is always a subtle attraction for the average person in the unat- tainable, and Mr. Warner was very human. In no other way can I account for his falling in loye with Anne Keating. She wasnit pretty, and she didnt wear Paris gowns, but she was decidedly clever. Mr. Warner had never met a really clever girl before, which perhaps ac- counts for his not knowing how to handle this one. His previous extensive experience in such matters seemed to have left him entirely. And then, again, Mr. Warner had never been in love before. He had thought he was, a number of times, but had always eomeiout of his numerous attacks unharmed. But, after four weeks of un- successful striving: to gain Miss Keating7s favor, he finally decided that this time he had really contracted the disease. And, as is the case with people who put 0H taking things till late in life, he had it awfully bad. If she had shown the slightest regard for his feelings, it woulan; have been so bad, but her way of calmly ignoring all his attempts at inti- mate discourse left him hopelessly at sea, drift- ing whichever direction her fancy or caprice might ordain. This was the state of aEairs one warm even- ing in late summer, when everybody was con- gregated on the big veranda. Warner had taken up his position by a huge pillar so as to command a View of the wide hallway, and, as he talked, he east frequent, watchful glances to- ward it. He had been talking half an hour, perhaps, when Miss Keating emerged from its oapacious shadow and passed swiftly to the opposite end of the veranda. IVarner continued talking a few moments longer, and then follow- ed her leisurely. yea ccI have a crow to pick with youf, he said as he came up. ttYou passed me this afternoon and didnt even look at me? ttDid I? I71n sorry. I was in a bad humor this afternoon so you mustnit hold me account- able for what I did or did not dof, 4:07 so you were in a bad humor this after- noonWt He laughed amusedly, the while he stood with his hands behind his back, his long body swaying t0 and fro. that was wrongW, ccO, nothing-and everything? gtEnigmatical as usual. Do you know, youtre a puzzle to nae. I cant quite make you out? CCNO ?,, ccNo. You are so unexpected. You remind me of a cactus. You have a prickly side and a nice, satiny-sniooth side, and you present the alternate sides with disconcerting suddennessf, A little red crept into the girPs face, and she laughed, uncertainly. She was conscious of the quizzical eyes bent upon her, and was un- comfortably aware that he was enjoying her diseomfiture hugely. I ttAnd you didi'ft know which side you were THE NORMAL ADVANCE 7 going to encounter when you came up this evening? she unished. itYour deductions are entirely correct as usual? he returned, composedly. 4tI was in the same boat with the Iitle boy, who, having run to the garret to escape chastisement, had to choose between spending a night in the dark and exposing himself to probable punishment? The girl threw back her head and laughed in joyous abandon. ttAnd preferring known terrors to unknown, like the little boy, you decided to put on a bold front and come forth? she said, tears of laughter in her eyes. ttYes. And as was the ease with the little boy, I found that absence is a wonderfully ef- fective effacer of misdeeds? He drew up the corners .of his mouth in a characteristically ludicrous fashion, and looked at her ehallengingly. The girl laughed, she couldn,t help it. She didIft want to laugh, but his drollery was in- imitable. But she immediately assumed a severe expression and added: t4Perhaps you may discover, as did the little boy, that punishment is merely postponed? ttWell, in any case, I escaped a night in the dark, which is just cause for thanksgiving? he returned calmly. Miss Keating frowned slightly and turned her attention to the group of Italian musicians on' the lawn below. They were playing the low, seductive music of the Southland:the soft cooing of the violins rose lingeringly above the deep droning of the Violas, and the tingling of guitars. Miss Keating leaned far over the railing, absorbed in the music. Mr. Warner watched her interestedly. :41 didnt know you were so fond of music, he ventured finally. itWell I amfi she said, a little defiantly. 4tAnd I edon,t see that there is anything so re- markable about it?7 I Mr. Warner was silent, deeming that his safest course. ttI have never heard you play? tentatively. 7.7 i4I dont play. I wish I did. I Would give anything in the world to be able to play' like that ragged little boy down there?- Mr. Warner meditated. ciWhy don,t you learn? he suggested.- Miss Keating turned upon him impatiently. ttWhy doift I learn! There are any number of reasons, any one of which would be suf- fioient? ttFor instanceW icWell, in the first place, Pm too old to begin now; in the second place, I havenit time; and in the third place, I havent the money?7 Mr. Warner ruminated. I ttWell, the second two are easily disposed of? he said, judicially. Miss Keating looked around inquiringly. ttWhy donit you marry a rich husbandw he suggested. Miss Keating preserved a dignified silence. ttDid it ever occur to you that you might fall in love sometime?,, he insinuated. ttI have always considered it a possibility? uAndi you havent Changed it to a prob- abilityW itI have never had occasion to do so; ferently. tiDid it ever occur to you that a man might fall in love with you. W thes, it has occurred to me several times. Mr. Warner smiled,broad1y. Perhaps it was just as well that that corner of'the veranda was dark. ttDid it ever occur to you that I might fall in love with you W tiWelleeyes, since you mention it.,, ccIn case of such an emergency, what did you intend to d027, 4tNothingY, itShort, simple, and to the pointf, he mur- Inured. A silence ensued. The music vibrant, inex- plicably sweet, rose and fell. Miss Keating, her hands clasping the railing, leaned forward, tensely. Mr. Warner touched her hand, diHidently. ' i indif- 8 THE NORMAL ADVANCE itYou didnt mean what you said a while ago? Miss Keating made no reply. iiDid you? he insisted. ' gAm I in the habit of saying things I dont meaniw she returned calmly. itNo-o, butel, Mr. Warner stopped. There didn,t seem to be anything else to say. Another Silence. , ttYou are letting me hold your handf, The member in question was promptly with- drawn, and Mr. Warner regretted his rashness. i4Beautiful night;7 he ventured finally. No answer. t2A trifle warm, though?7 Still no answer. Mr. Warner began to get uneasy. He wished it wasnlt quite so dark. tiMiss KeatingeAnne, Ilm a brute? ciGrlad to hear you acknowledge it? itI am. I had no right toeal ccOf course you didnitltl iiI am a wretched villain, a worm in the dust. I have no right to live at all, and I humbly beg your forgiveness?7 Miss Keatingk shoulders were shaking. Warner could not decide whether from laughter or weeping. So he had to move up a little closer to find out. It probably turned out to be the former, for, whereas before the moon had revealed two shadows, it now showed but one. Julia Ward Howe MARGARET LAHEY With Monday, October 17, came the death of one of wide reputation and interest, J ulia Ward Howe. She was ninety-one years of age. Her life has been one long chain of unselfish and untiring services to mankind. She is chiefly thought of in connection with her writings, but she is also identified with prison reform movements, the equal suffrage movement7 and numerous activities of a philanthropical char- acter. Her one great desire was to uplift man- kind, and when at the age of twentyufour, she married Dr. Samuel Grindley Howe, she found in him a companion of high ideals and cease- less activities. Mrs. Howe came of a family of culture and early showed great literary tastes. She was all her life a leader in thought and progress, and was at all times associated with men and wo- men of great attainments, among whom were Charles Dickens, Washington Irving, and the older J ohn J acob Astor. Mrs. Howets works are: ttThe Passion Flowers? WWorks for the Hour? ilA Trip to Cuba? itThe Worldls Own? tiFrom the Oak t0 the Olivef7 iiLater Lyrics? ctSeX and Edu- cation? ltMemoir of Samuel Grindley Howef, icLife of Margaret F uller,77 tiModern Society;9 tiIs Modern Society Polite?7 4iFrom Sunset Ridgefi c4Sketches of Representative New. Eng land Women? She is survived by four children, Mrs. Flor- ence Howe Hall, a prominent woman suffra- gist; Mrs. Laura E. Richards, an author; Mrs. Maude Howe Elliot, wife of the artist, John Elliot; and Prof. Henry Marion Howe, pro- fessor of metallurgy at Columbia University. It is given to few women to attain the heights which she reached and at the same time to remain as sweet, as unassuming, and as womanly7 as did she. A nation owes a debt to such womanhood, a nation has need of such citizens. But if Julia Ward Howe has no other monument, this will be suchientethat the words of her great song, cVIlhe Battle Hymn of the Republic? have rested and will continue to rest, on the lips of a nation from the merest child to the oldest veteran. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 9 Selections from it My Summer in a Gardent By CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER The love of dirt is among the earliest of passions, as it is the latest. Mudpies gratify one of our first and best instincts. So long as we are dirty we are pure. Fondness for the ground comes back to a man after he has run the round of pleasure and business, eaten dirt and sown wild oats, drifted about the world, and taken the wind of all its moods. The love of digging in the ground tor of looking on while he pays another to dig is as sure to come back to him as he is sure, at last, to go under the ground, and stay there. To own a bit of ground, to scratch it with a hoe, to plant seeds and watch their renewal of life, this is the commonest delight of the race, the most sat- isfactory thing a man can do. g: l: at t Let us celebrate the soil. Most men toil that they may own a piece of it; they measure their success in life by their ability to buy it. It is alike the passion of the parvenu and the pride of the aristocrat. Broad acres are a patent of nobility, and no man but feels more of a man in the world if he have a bit of ground that he can call his own. However small it is on the sur- face, it is four thousand miles deep; and that is a very handsome property. And there is a great pleasure in working in the soil apart from the ownership of it. The man who has planted a garden feels that he has done some thing for the good of the world. He belongs to the producers. It is a pleasure to eat the fruit of ones toil, even if it be nothing more than a head of cabbage or an ear of corn. One culti- vates a lawn even with great satisfaction; for there is nothing more beautiful than grass and turf in our latitude. The tropics may have their delights, but they have not turf, and the world without turf is a dreary desert. The original, Garden of Eden could not have had such turf as one sees in England. The Teutonic races all love turf; they emigrate in the line of its growth. To dig in the mellow soileto dig moderately, for all pleasure should be taken sparinglyaais a great thing. One gets strength out of the ground as often as one really touches it with a hoe. Antaeus tthis is a classical articlel was no doubt an agriculturist; and such a prize fighter as Hercules couldntt do anything with him till he got him to lay down his spade, and quit the soil. It is not simply beets and pota' toes and corn and string-beans that one raises in his well-hoed garden; it is the average of human life. There is life in the ground; it goes into the seeds and it also, when it is stirred up, goes into the man who stirs it. The hot sun on his back as he bends to his shovel and hoe, 0r contemplatively rakes the warm and fragrant loam, is better than much medi- cine. The buds are coming out on the bushes round about; the blossoms 0f the fruit trees begin to show; the blood is running up the grape vines in streams; you can smell the wild flowers on the near bank; and the birds are fly- ing and glancing and singing everywhere. T0 the open kitchen door comes the busy house- wife to shake a white something and stands a moment to look, quite transfixed by the de- lightful sights and sounds. Hoeing in the garden on-a bright May day7 when you are not obliged to, is nearly equal to the delight of go- ing trouting. Blessed be agriculture, if one does not have too much of it. All literature is fragrant with it, in a gentlemanly way. At the foot of the charming olive-eovered hills of Tivoli, Horace tnot he of Chappaquaa had a sunny farm; it was in sight of Hadrianls villa, who did land- scape gardening on an extensive scale, and probably did not get half as much comfort out 10 THE NORMAL ADVANCE of it as Horace did from his more simply-tilled acres. We trust that Horace did a little hoeing and farming himself, and that his verse is not all fraudulent sentiment. In order to enjoy . agriculture, you do not want too much of it, and you want to be poor enough to have a little inducement to work moderately yourself. Hoe while it is spring and enjoy the best anticipa- tions. It is not much matter if things do not turn .out well. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE Artificial Purification of Water ELMER A. ROW Pure water is becoming more and more recog- nized as a necessity for the preservation of life and health. This conviction has been growing from the time of the earliest ancient peoples, and is every day becoming a question not alone for the chemist, but for the consumer as well. Pliny, a recognized ancient historian, devoted much space to the discussion of pure water, and other writers did likewise. Conditions in those times were not any different in regard to the quantity of water at hand than they are at the present time. Rome built nearly four hundred miles of aqueducts which supplied her population with fresh pure water from the mountains, instead of the Tiber river. TheSe must have been built at an enormous expense, many times greater than that of installing a modern filter plant, yet the Romans recognized their value, and what Rome saw the necessity of she generally obtained. Traces of the im- mense cisterns, eighteen in number, may still be seen at Carthage, which drew her water supply from springs nearly fifty miles away. This demand has grown through centuries until now we must have water, purified not only by nature, but also by mechanical means until we know absolutely that we are drinking pure water. But why be so exacting as to the quality of naturels beverage? By far the greater per cent of cases of our most dreaded fever, typhoid, may be traced directly to the presence of the Bacillus Typhosus in the water supply from which the patient used. In a great many instances the great outbreaks of cholera and plague in the far East were check- ed only when a supply of pure water was made available. These facts alone are sufficient to demand pure water for our future use. The increased demand together with the increased population has lessened the reserve supply and so has made artificial purification necessary. There are three chief methods of purifying water7 namely, distillation, pure filtration and the formation of a precipitate in the water, which is afterwards filtered off. Beside these there are various other methods which if prac- ticable have never been extensively applied. These include the aeration process, Electrolytic process and diiferent kinds of household lilters, some of which may yet be much used. The iirst three named7 however, are the ones which are used extensively and of which a brief descrip- tion will be given. The distillation process is the one which is used where absolutely pure water from a chemical standpoint is required. The method varies, but in the main consists of evaporating the raw water andipassing the steam through a coil which is kept cool by the surrounding water. From this the pure water passes into a reservoir. On account of the use to which this water is put, the ordinary apparatus for this method is a small still known as a whisky still, capable of producing from ten to twentwaive gallons per day. The use of this system is not nearly so extensive as that of the other sys- tems, principally on account of the expense at- tached to it. It is estimated that it costs about twelve hundred and fifty dollars per million a gallons, while by the other two processes water THE NORMAL ADVANCE a . 11 ym can be produced practically as pure from a sanitary standpoint, at less than one hundredth of this cost. Also, freshly distilled water is not pleasant to the taste and is condemned by many, though after standing for some time it usually loses some of its disagreeableness. For these reasons it is not thought practicable to supply cities by this means except Where other methods fail. Gibraltar derives her water from huge cisterns filled during the rainy seasons, yet a distillation plant is ready at any time to furn- ish water from the sea. The vessels of the United States navy all use distilled water for two reasons. First, it is pure and sanitary and the physical condition of the men proves its worth. In the second place coal Will furnish enough heat to distill from seven to nine times its own weight of water, hence it is cheaper to carry the coal than water, as all unnecessary weight is cast aside in a ship of war. The second system is known as the English filter bed system. It is the oldest method, and, according to the quality of water produced, is probably the cheapest. It requires no expen- sive machinery and is easily constructed and cared for. In general it is a large shallow reservoir having as its bottom severalvlayers of tiltering material, under Which is a suitable drain to lead the purified product off to a stor- age basin. These reservoirs vary in size from one-half to two acres in area, though the ten- dency at the present time is to have smaller reservoirs and a greater number of them. In warm climates Where there is no danger of freezing they are left open, but in places Where the mean J anuary temperature is below freez- ing, they are usually covered With a cement roof. The method of building these reservoirs varies With local conditions. Some are built of dirt, usually lined With brick, others are built of cement7 Which is probably more commonly used now. The sides are not built straight but are grooved horizontally in many ways to pre- vent the water from washing out a regular course straight down to the outlet. The total depth is regularly not more than ten or twelve feet. The bottom layer is sometimes composed of ordinary drain tile, laid side by side in rows With open joints. It is evident that this would permit of an easy escape of the water. In other plants these are replaced by lines of six- inch pipe laid about one foot apart. The suc- cessive layers of filtering material that are used , by one of the water companies of London are as follows: coarse gravel, nine inches; fine gravel, nine inches; coarse sand, twelve inches; fine sand, thirty-six inches. On top of this the water to be filtered is allowed to stand forty- eight inches deep. These layers, of course, vary much, but in the main are similar to the ones mentioned. The analysis of water may Show that a deeper layer of sand is necessary. The water passes. slowly down through these layers, leaving most of the suspended matter on the surface of the first one. This suspended matter forms a slimy mass called ttzoogloea jelly;y Which gathers bacteria and other impurities not actually suspended in the water. F rom this it Will be seen that a filter bed Which has been in use for some time would do better work than a new one, and this is always the case for this layer of 4tzoogloea jellyh is the main factor in taking out bacteria. This fact gave the build- ers of these plants much trouble at first be- cause they could not make them produce as pure a water as the old ones did. Whenever the layer of slimy material becomes too thick it Will not allow water to pass through; then the reservoirs must be emptied and cleaned. The dirt forms a hard crust Which is easily broken up, lifted 0E the sand layer, and carted away. This must be done about every two weeks, depending upon the amount of sediment in the water. Usually before being run into these reservoirs the water is allowed to stand for some time in a settling tank to take out the heavier particles. The cost of constructing these filter beds varies very much. The probable average cost, however, for the open kind is about forty thousand dollars and for the closed sixty five thousand. The cost of maintaining a plant of this kind is not large, so that the esti- mated cost per million gallons of pure water is from two dollars and hfty cents to four dollars. 12 Our next question would probably be, cWVhat are the results to be obtained ?ll Here are a few concrete examples selected from a large number of similar ones. At the Massachusetts experi- ment station the average number of bacteria per cubic centimetre of raw water was 5621, of filtered water 21. The plant at Albany, New York, removes an average of over ninety-nine per cent of the bacteria. The average yearly death rate from typhoid feyer before the in- troduction of this system in Albany was 85, afterwards it was 39. Filtered water was first used in Hamburg in May, 1893. The number of deaths from typhoid fever per one hundred thousand population in 1891 was 23, in 1892, 34; in 1893, 18; in 1894, 6 and in 1895, 9. These figures show for themselves what was done in these few instances. Many other cases of equal value are on record. The system just described has a worthy rival in a comparatively new method known as the American filter system, since its use is prac- tically confined to America. The English sys- tem is used in Europe and in a few cities of America, but the principal objection to it, in accordance with the Yankee idea of nearly all industrial life of Europe, is that it is too slow. Briefly the system, which is the one used in our own city of Terre Haute, consists of form- ing a precipitate, by chemical means, of part of the suspended matter and this in turn gath- ers up practically all of the impurities in the water in much the same way that the white of an egg clears coffee. This is then strained 0H by running the water through a sand filter by mechanical means. The chemical used as a basis for this is common alum or better, alu- minium sulphate. This, on being added to the raw water in small quantities, about one grain per gallon, is acted upon by the carbonates found in nearly all water and decomposed. Aluminium hydrate, a white jelly-like precipi- tate is the result. This acts just as the cczoo- gloea jelly? gathering up both organic matter and bacteria. This is practically the only re- spect in which it is diiferent from the English system, because it forms its own coagulate in- THE NORMAL ADVANCE stead of waiting for the water to form it. The process is much more rapid for it works per- haps one hundred times as rapidly as the old method. The filters in use with this system are nothing more than steel or wooden tanks which have about siX feet of sand in the bottom. They are from eight to twelve feet across and from twelve to fifteen feet in height. These are placed in groups or rows so that as many of them may be used as are necessary to furnish the required amount of water. The coagulate is introduced before the water reaches the settling basin. The settling basin is nothing more than a large shallow tank into which the raw water is pumped and allowed to settle for some time be- fore flowing down to the filters. As the water is pumped into this the alum is added. This al- lows the worst part of the refuse to settle and thus lightens the work of the filter. The water in these filters is sometimes placed under pres- sure direct with the service mains. This seems to be practical for a small plant, but not for a large one. Hence, all large plants have open filters and a storage tank from which the water is pumped into the mains. The amount of alum varies with the turbidity of the water. Too large a quantity of it would probably be injurious to the health. In general the cost of the chemical prohibits this, and careful atten- tion is usually given that no more is used than is necessary. The aluminium hydrate also unites with the coloring matter in the water, and renders the product clear. The cost of installing a plant of this kind is greater than that of installing an English filter bed, on account of some expensive patents on the machinery required. The average cost of liltering the water, after the system is work- ing, is about the same as that of the other sys- tem. The relative merits of the two systems are much in doubt, as both maintain practically the same degree of efficiency at about the same cost. The two processes just mentioned are prac- tically the only ones in general use. Other methods have been devised, a few of which will be mentioned. The Anderson process sends the; THE NORMAL ADVANCE 13 water through revolving trunions, which by a system of ledges on its sides, continually drop iron filings through the water. The water is then exposed to the air and the iron is thus thrown down as a precipitate, which carries wth it other organic matter and bacteria. It is then filtered through a sand filter as in the pre- vious methods. Aeration is used to a great eX- tent in purifying water, though it is generally used as a corollary process. It is usually accom- plished by throwing the water into the air, as is done in a fountain. This is used for some kinds of water Which contain iron, as aeration renders it insoluble and capable of being readily filter- ed off. Several methods have been discovered by Which impurities could be removed to a greater or less extent by electricity. SO far these have been of little practical value. Filters on a small scale are made for household use, generally sim- ilar to the larger ones. These, on account of lack of careful attention and also on account of cheapness in construction, are not generally sate isfactory. The Old method of filtering through charcoal has been condemned, because of the inability to clean the filter which in a few days becomes a breeding place for bacteria and is worse than no filter at all. These processes are comparatively new and may be used more as necessity demands. The fact that most of these processes are new proves that much attention has been and is now being given to the subject. It is even thought by many that within a few years water taken from all private wells will be subjected to a purifying process before being used for domes- tic purposes. That it is important has been shown by many experiments. Whatever may be the cost we must have pure wholesome water. Nature in many places cannot supply it, hence we are compelled to resort to artificial means to assist her. WE SIT AND JUDGE. We sit and judge without delay On how each one betakes his way, And laugh at every narrow man Who can7t enjoy the things we can, And deep in hades souls we plant That can enjoy the things we can,t. willam Ehamzmz n. t 14 THE NORMAL ADVANCE The Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIAN'A STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF ERNEST L. WELBORN Editor-in-Chief GBOVER C. SUMMERS ............. Associate Editor MARGARET LAHEY .................. Literary Editor KATE V. BLACK ----------------- Society Editor ELZIE STEWART ................... Athletic Editor ADA TICHENOR ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD THIRZA C. PARKER .......... Senior Editor ETHEL HYDE ..................... Junior Editor MARY ENLOW . - - . -------------- Sophomore Editor RAE A. GOLDMAN .............. College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST ................ Business Manager MELVIN K. DAVIS --------------- Advertising Manager CHARLES E. WALK ......... - - Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, EzeOJfECio PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MIss SWIHART ELMER A. Row, C. 0., Secretary ............... , ,11 HARRY HOWICK, ,12 KATHERINE LAFFERTY, 13 5 Local and Alumni Editors Published monthly from October to June, inclusive. Terms ...................... $1.00 per Year Single Copies . . . ...... 15 Cents Commencement Number ................ 35 Cents Address all communications to THE NORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute. Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. All alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- bntions. Entered at the Terre Haute post ojficc as second class mail matter. IMPORTANT. Students, we wish to call your attention to the fact that the NORMAL ADVANCE is a publica- tion devoted wholly t0 the interests of the stu- dent body. The paper needs your support. ' You need the paper. Hand in your subscrip- tion now and get the benefit of the entire volume. The paper cannot maintain itself wholly from subscriptions. Neither can the business men who advertise in the ADVANCE bear the re- sponsibility. We need both. Give to our down town friends the preference in your trade whenever it is possible. In so doing we feel that you will be well treated, and in turn they will be benefitted, and they will continue to ad- vertise with us. ' The students of the State Normal School can well be proud of the grade of work done in science. No department of the school has made greater advancement than the science depart- ments, in the opportunities offered. New ap- paratus is being added constantly. All this re- quires adequate quarters and we are informed that the various science departments are very much crowded. Better facilities in the form of offices, class-rooms, lighting, etc., are needed. Indeed, a science building will be necessary for the departments to do work as it should be done. The State Normal School of Indiana needs and deserves this improvement, and the greatest eEort should be put forth to secure it. The ADVANCE is a little late this month, and we doubt that the quality makes up for the delay. But remember that this is our g4maiden eff01 t,, and then think how you appreciated generous consideration at some time or other under circumstances similar to ours. Every student who can possibly do so should subscribe for the ADVANCE. The fact that one gets full value for his money is a minor con- sideration, but it is worthy of mention. In- teresting and valuable contributions by alumni, members of the Faculty, and students appear from time to time. The paper does its best to publish all news of the school. One who is interested in oratory and debating, athletics, local and society items, as well as the alumni of the school, will find that the ADVANCE sup- plies a real need. But the greatest consideration is that the ADVANCE is a student enterprise. It is a recog- nized institution at I. S. N. Everyone should feel that the paper is as much his as anyone 'else,s. If you Inever took. the ADVANCE before, sub- scribe for it this year. It is not too late. Though the first number is out, there will be eight others, and you can get a copy of the first number if you want it. THE NORMAL ADVANCE As we go to press we are impressed with the factthat the academic year, 1910-11, is in full progress. The feeling of strangeness has worn off. The student organizations and enterprises are organized for the year. I. S. N. has often been praised for the in- dustry and serious purpose of her students. We are glad that this is true and we say, with all emphasis, let our work be our first considera- tion. Nevertheless, we are quite certain that the student who does not take time to get into the school life makes a great mistake. If you are asked to do something that seems worth while, do not miss the opportunity because you think you are too busy. I. S. N. has a spirit, and if you get into it you will be surprised how much more you will enjoy your year in school. This month there appears a selection from Charles Dudley Warneris giMy Summer in a Garden? Selections from the same book will appear throughout the year. They are the best parts of a good book, and we hope you will enjoy and appreciate them. SELMA VOGNILD THE FACULTY. This fall, Miss Charlotte Bertha Schweitzer became Dean of Women. She succeeded Miss Martina C. Erickson, who resigned during the 15 summer to accept the presidency of Monticello Academy, Godfrey, Ill. Miss Schweitzer is well known to the school. She is a graduate of I. CHARLOTTE BERTHA SCHWEITZER S. N., and she was for several years assistant in the department of grammar and composition. For the past two years she has been at the University of Chicago. No doubt Miss Schweitzer will be entirely successful as Dean of Women. Assistant Professor C. H. Beaniof the de- partment of phychology is again' iilling his position after spending a year in the depart- ments of psychology and education at Colum- bia University. Dr. Cephas Guillet, who, it will be remembered, came last fall to fill Mr. Beanis position, left at the close of his years work. . ' Prof. Chas. M. Curry, head of the de- partment of literature, who is on leave of ab- sence this year, is doing work at Oxford, Eng- land. In his absence Miss Moran is acting as head of the department. Miss Selma M. Vognild, who is serving as as- sistant professor in the department, comes highly qualified for her work. She holds a Ph. B. degree from the University of Wisconsin, certificates in oratory and public speaking from Northwestern University, Harvard University, and Columbia College of Expression, Chicago. Miss Vognild was spring assistant in reading 16 and public speaking at I. S. N. during the spring terms of 1909 and 1910, and during the summer term of 1910 she was in charge of the department of reading and public speaking at the Central State Normal School, Mt. Pleas- ant, Michigan. I. S. N. wishes for Miss Vog- nild'the greatest success. t THE TRAINING SCHOOL. Some changes have been made in the teaching corps of the Training School, both in the grades and the high school. Miss J essie Montgomery, who had charge of the seventh and eighth grades, has resigned, and Miss Telulah Robin- son has taken her place. Miss Alma McCrum Items of On September 18, at N orth Manchester, oc- curred the wedding of Prof. Roscoe R. Hyde to Miss Elsie Coss. Prof. Hyde has been a mem- ber of the I. S. N. faculty for several years. He is now assistant professor of Botany and Zoology. Mrs. Hyde was a member of the class of 707 and has been teaching in Indian- apolis during the last two years. Their many friends join in extending congratulations. Prof. and Mrs. Hyde are at home at 821 North Center street. Mr. VViIliam O. WVinkleI' and Miss Nellie C. Haberstich were married by the Rev. Allen B. Philputt at Indianapolis, Ind., Sept. 28, at 8 p. 111. Both Mr. and Mrs. Winkler were mem- bers of the class of 10, andboth are teaching at Greenfield, Ind., being respectively teacher of mathematics in the high school and super- THE NORMAL ADVANCE has succeeded Miss Robinson in grades live and six. Miss McCrum came last year to have charge of grades three and four during Miss Badefs absence. Miss Bader has returned after completing the College Course here. In the high school, Miss Minnie VVeyl has taken charge of the department of history. Miss VVeyI is a graduate of I. S. N., and she has taken an A. B. degree at Franklin college and an A. M. from Columbia University. She taught at Greensburg last year. We are glad to welcome Miss VVeyl to I. S. N. The science department is in the hands of Mr. E. D. Haertter, in the absence of Mr. Walter VVoodI'ow, who is at the University of Chicago. Interest Visor of music in the city schools. The AD- VANCE joins their many friends in extending congratulations. The total enrollment for the fall term of 1910 is 478. The enrollment at the beginning of last year was 543. Last year there were 129 Normal Course graduates and 15 College Course graduates, making a total of 144. This fall term there are 110 enrolled in the Normal Senior class. The graduating class bids fair to be the largest in the history of the school, for certainly the number of Seniors will be materially increased during the winter and spring terms. There are 77 enrolled in the College Course at the beginning of this year, as compared to 72 for the whole of last year. THE DREAMEB AND THE DEAD. The dreamer to the flesh must yield, Else lifejs a passing eddy; But he who lives in iiesh alone, Why-hets quite dead already. -Mam E hrmann. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 1'7 ATHLETICS ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. All indicatiOns point to a great year for I. S. N. in athletics. Despite the fact that there are not as many boys in school this year as is usual in the fall term, the Athletic Association is as well sup- ported as usual. In previous years the Association has had to depend for its support almost entirely upon the male members of our school, but this year a few of our girls have become members of the Association. It is needless to say that this is very inspiring to the boys. The annual election of ofiicers for the Ath- letic Association for the year 1910-11 was held on Saturday, Oct. 15th. A very efficient corps was chosen as follows: PresidenteElmer Row. , Vice-PresidenteLeonard MeCloud. SecretaryeMiss Ethel Hyde. llreasurergMilton B. Nugent. CustodianeHarry Howick. Manager Shanner of the base ball squad, and Tennis Manager Roy Stewart are not in school this term, but will be here ready for work next spring. PARSONS F1 ELD. Parsons Field is now all that the most san- guine ever expected it to be and is still being improved. Although not the largest it is one of the best college athletic fields in Indiana. Leonard McCloud has been busy all this term getting the ground ready for the fall practice and games. The track is in excellent condition, and the tennis courts are well worked down. BASKET BALL. Two new basket ball courts have been con- structed on the site of the old tennis courts, and the boys are turning out almost en masse for practice. Manager Asbury has about sixty persons enrolled as prospective players, and they are practicing every Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday. Prof. Kimmel, as coach, is directing the field work. About twentyliive 0f the prospective players have played basket ball, and Prof. Kimmel reports several of these already showing good form. THE OUTLOOK. We may well look forward to a great year in athletics. Last year our base ball team in its first season on our new Parsons Field won every game played on the home diamond. During the summer tennis was a brilliant success, there being an average of twenty players on the courts daily. The same intense interest seems to be manifested this year in basket ball. For several years past our foot ball record has not been the most successful. The team of 1908 was disbanded about the middle of the term, and we had none at all last season. The fault was not with the athletic advisors, nor with the coach7 nor yet with the players them- selves, but it rested chiefly in the nature of the student body itself. Few men remain in school for more than one year at a time, and it is a hard matter, if not an absolute impossibility, to develop good foot ball form each year from new material. So last spring Manager J ohnson acting for the Athletic Board of the school and under the advice of the student body it- self, declared the foot ball career of the In diana State Normal School to be at an end. Consequently we now turn our attention to the saner and more humane game of basket ball. 18 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Six inter-class games have been arranged among the four classes of the schoolethe Soph- mores, the J uniors, the Seniors and the College Course. Each class will play each other class one game. The dates for the games have not yet been decided upon. The aVarsity team will be selected from the best material of the class teams; Normal High School Will play basket ball this season. Several inter-class games have been planned. Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. 17.211. 0.A. The Y. M. C. A. has been handicapped in its work this fall by the fact that the office of General Secretary, which was vacated by Mr. Wm. H. Cain, remains unfilled. The Advisory Committee are anxious to get a man for this position. They feel assured that they will be able to supply one soon. The various committees have been organized and the men are showing a determined spirit to carry out their work successfully. A contract has been given to the Orem Transfer Company for handling the students baggage this year. The patronage of all the students is earnestly solicited since this is one of the Associationls means of financial support. At a meeting of the Cabinet, Friday, Oct. 7, it was voted to conduct a book exchange on a strictly business basis for the benefit of stu- dents. The New Hand Book which was edited by Mr. T. G. Parker, is now in the hands of the Association and is being distributed to the members. Enough advertising was collected from the business and professional men of the city to make possible its publication. The men should show their appreciation of this by patronizing the advertisers. Four Bible study classes have been organized as follows: Baptist tMixedi ................ Prof. Bruce Presbyterian tMixedi ............. Mr. Buck Centenary M. E. tBoysi ........ Prof. Baxter Christian tMixedy ................. Mr. Dick Young men who have not already enrolled in one of these classes should do so at once. If you desire any information about them see Mr. J. M. Eddy. Professor Baxter addressed the first meeting of the Association Tuesday, Oct. 4. His sub- ject was ttThe Higher Criticism? He showed that he fully realized the new conditions into which young men are brought upon leaving home and entering into the college life, and pointed out the attitude that the student should take. The Rev. Mr. Talmage, of the First Congre- gational church, addressed a joint meeting of the Y. W. and Y. M. C. A. Tuesday, Oct. 11. He gave an interesting talk on the cgPassion Play?7 Mr. Talmage, on his trip through Europe last summer, witnessed the rendering of the famous play. Professor Bacon spoke to the boys in a very pleasing manner on Machiavelianism, Tues- ' day, Oct. 18. The program committee has planned to have two meetings this term conducted wholly by members of the Association, in which it is hoped that every man will have an opportun- ity to take an active part. The regular meetings are held each Tuesday afternoon at 3 :30 in the Association rooms. It is the purpose of the Association to make these meetings examples of practical. Christianity so as to meet the needs of young men. Attend all meetings and enjoy their religious atmosphere. The Cabinet has voted to send a full delega- tion of men to the State convention, Which will be held at Vincennes Dec. 9-11. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 19 It is sincerely hoped that every man in school Who is interested in raising the physical, moral and spiritual standard of the college man Will join the Association and help to make this year a banner year in the promotion of good. The joint reception which is given each fall by the Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. for the new students was given Friday night, Oct. 9, at 8 o,clock. The Cabinet as present consists of: President ...................... W. C. Grants Vice-President .................. J . M. Eddy Secretary .................. Melvin K. Davis Treasurer ................... Harry Howick Chairmen of committees : Membership ................... C. H. Pfingst Bible Study .................... J . M. Eddy Employment .............. Arthur Shopmyer Social ....................... W. E. Tennell Religious Meetings .............. Earl Gifford Visiting ......................... Ray J ared Missionary ............... Leonard McCloud Y. W. 0. A. Miss Jean Batty, State Secretary, and Miss Michi Kawai from J apan, a graduate of Bryn Mawr, spenttOct. 3 and 4 With the Y. W. C. A. Miss Batty addressed the Cabinet at the Asso- ciation House, 428 North Center street, after Which Miss Kawai spoke to the girls of the House. Miss Kawai is visiting various Associ- ations in the United States and Canada. Miss Batty Will be here again in a short time. I Miss Mary Howard has been chosen secretary of the Y. W. C. A., succeeding Miss Grace Love, Who has resigned. The chairmen and members of the Y. W. C. A. committees are working faithfully for the welfare of the Association. All girls'are urged to join the Association and to take part in the work. The Cabinet meets on Wednesday evening each two weeks at 428 North Center street. Three meetings have been held. The Y., M. and Y. W. C. A. reception was held Friday evening, Oct. 7, in the Association rooms. About three hundred were present. WHO LOVES MANKIND. ' Who truly loves mankind, Though struggling he shall find His humble, daily bread, His soul is like the sun tMid myriads Who have none And walking, still are dead. e-VMaw E lwmomn. 20 THE NORMAL ADVANCE THE CLASSES COLLEGE 00 URSE. The members of the College Course met Oc- tober 13 and elected ofiicers for the fall term as follows: ' President ...................... A. S. Byers Vice-President ............ Leonard McCloud Secretary .................... Cleone Stubbs Treasurer ................... Lee V. Brinton Artist ......................... Marie Budd League Representative ........ Elmer A. Row Editor .................... Rae A. Goldman Athletic Captain ............... M. B. Nugent The hrst program will be rendered on Fri- day evening, Nov. 4. SOPIJOZLIOBE CLASS. The Sophomore class met Oct. 6 and elected the following officers: President ..................... Oscar Haney Vice-President ............... Forest Bowles Secretary .................... Blanche Royer Class Artist ................. Braxton Moore Athletic Editor ............... Owen Mitchell Advance Board Rep ........ Permilia Laverty Class Editor ................... Mary Enlow The first meeting was held Oct. 21, and an - interesting program was rendered. JUNIOR CLASS. The Juniors met Friday, Oct. 11, to elect oflicers for the fall term. The following officers were elected : President ...................... Mr. Howick Vice-President ................. Mr. Scudder Secretary .................... Mr. Thompson Artist ......................... Miss Davies Editor .......................... NIiss Hyde The Class held their second meeting Oct. 15, at 7:80 oiclock. The following interesting proe gram was rendered: Vocal Duet, Miss Shirley and Mr. Youngblood Reading ........................ Miss Baker Piano Duet ..... The Misses Peters and Davies SENIOR CLASS. The class of 1911, which already has a mem- bership of one hundred and ten, promises to be one of the largest that has ever graduated from the State Normal. The first meeting of the term was held Oct. 8, and the following officers were elected: Presi- dent, Grover Summers; Vice-president, Lee S. Troth; secretary, Georgia L. Cole; treasurer, J. F. Curry; class artist, Kate V. Black; class editor, Thirza C. Parker; athletic captain, Harvey Nickels; yell master, Charles E. York; representative to the Oratorical League, Ernest L. Welborn. A program committee consisting of Mr. Youngblood, Ada T ichenor and Lydia Grabbe was appointed. Mr. Pfingst, representative of the Senior class 011 the Advance Board7 resign- ed and was empowered to choose his successor. This concluded the business of the meeting, and it adjourned to reassemble at a time and place to be designated later. A friend is J anus-faced: he looks to the past and the future. He is the child of all my fore- going hours, the prophet of those to comee Emerson. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 21 Oratorical and Literary Organizations OEATORIOAL AND DEBATING LEAGUE. The prospects for a successful year in the fields of debating and oratory are exceedingly bright. The contests for the year ought to call out the very best material in the school. A Tri-angular Debating League between the Normal College of Normal, Illinois, the Nor- mal School at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and our , own school, was formed last year. The subject for spring debates between the schools is ttRe- solved, That a law compelling the arbitration of labor disputes would be desirable? The preliminary contest to choose the eight debaters who will represent our school, will be held early in J anuary. The above subject will be used, and contestants may take either side. Having the subject at this early date will en- able the contestants to be fully prepared and will be an incentive to becoming a member of the teams. It is an honor and a privilege to de- bate with such schools. The Oshkosh school won all four of its inter-normal debates last year, and it will tax our energies to the utter- most to defeat- them. Yet this is what we pro- pose to do. Other debates of interest and importance are to be held. The two ments societies, also the two ladies, societies, will debate each other dur- ing the winter, calling forth the best efforts of these organizations. In oratory there Will be opportunities for in- dividual eifort. A contest will be held at Athens, Ohio, at which the schools of Ohio, Kentucky and Indana will be represented. The following are the student representa- tives to the league for the year: Eula Mc- Ewan and Anna COX 0f the Philomatheon; Thirza Parker and Kate V. Black 0f the Ale- thenai; Clem 0. Thompson and Carl Scudder 0f the Forum; W. E. Tennell and A. S. Byers of the Daedalian; C. H. Pfingst and Lee V. Brinton of the Ciceronian Debating Society; E. L. VVelborn of the Senior Class; Clyde Shaw 0f the Junior Class; Voris Demaree of the Sophomore Class, and E. A. Row 0f the Col- lege Course. FORUM. The opening of the year found Messrs. J ared, Curry, Troth, Scudder, Asher, Thompson, Gif- ford, Byrne, Mahon and Davis active members of the Forum. The boys show great enthusiasm in regard to debating, although some of the work put upon them is heavy. A Halloween banquet will be given at Ellsworth, NOV. 4. OIOERONIAN. The Ciceronian Debating Society is enter- ing upon the years work With even brighter prospects than last year. At the first meeting seven of the 01d members were present. The good work 01 ? last year and the bright pros- pects for this year have filled every member with coniidence and enthusiasm. The Ciceronian spirit has been greatly in- tensified by a weeks outing at camp. Cicer- onian camp is a yearly event held on the banks ,of White river, three miles south of Sanborn, during September. This year the week was a very rainy one, but all had a most enjoyable time. Those present were Cain, Haigerty, WVel- born, Row, Unverferth, Schorling, Stirwalt, Reeve and Cullins. The Society has installed one new member, Mr. Haney. He has much ability as a debater, and the Society is glad to have him in its ranks. In general the work being done by the mem- bers is very good, but all are striving to make it better. Ability to debate well is the goal sought. All are determined to make this year the best in the history of the Soiciety. 22 DAEDALIAN. The officers of the society are: President .................. Grover Summers VicePresident .................. J ohn Eddy Secretary ................. Clarence Clayton Treasurer .................... Elzie Stewart Chaplain ..................... Alfred Byers Parliamentarian .............. W. E. Tennell The two representatives to the Oraterical League are Mr. Tennell and Mr. Byers. The work of this term has already begun With deep interest. The work is full of spirit and interest. Plans have been made for splendid work in the future. One feature Which seems to have added spirit to the society is the music. The society has enjoyed some splendid male THE NORMAL ADVANCE quartettes. Mr. Clayton is the director of music and Mr. Byers pianist. DEUTSOHEN VEEEIN. The Deutschen Verein meets in the Literary rooms of the I. S. N. building every WVednes- day afternon at 3 :30. The oHicers for this term are: President ................... Henrietta Way Vice-President .................... A da VVelte Secretary and Treasurer. . . . . . . . .Miss Barber The meetings are very interesting and in- struetive on account of the class of the literary work done. The musical part of each program is excellent, and' the social phase is not for- gotten. GOODNESS. He sent his soul to live in deepest solitude, That goodness he might learn and heaven Win, When 10 l a soundless voice rang thru his sleep- ing soul, uThere is no goodness When there is no sin, And cowards they Who shun in fear The battle here? e31 aw E lmamann. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 23 SOCIETY ATHLETAS. Miss Marie Rucker of Ohio Boulevard, was the hostess for a 6 otclock dinner given by the Athlete Sorority 0n XVednesday, Oct. 5. The parlors and the dining room were beautifully decorated with cut flowers and with the colors of the sorority, red and gray. iMusiC and danc- ing were the chief features of the evening. The guests were: Misses Louise XVilson, Hattie Cut- shall, Alberta Horsetine, Elmira Champe, Neonia Harris, Edith Hartley, and Gertrude Lewis. The following members of the sorority were present: Misses Edith Samuels, Edna Fisher7 Marie Rucker, Jessie Andrew, Edith Brunker, Flora Saupert, Mae Bowsher, Estelle Doerschuck, Ida Irminger and Elizabeth Kadel. On Saturday, Oct. 8, the Athletes. gave a wiener and lnarslnnallow roast at the home of Miss Edith Samuels on North Fifth. Music and dancing were the diversions 0f the even- ing. The Athletes held their initiation at the home of Miss Edith Brunker Of North Center street, F riday, Oct. 21. The new members taken into the sorority were Misses Louise WViIson, A1- berta Horsetine, Hattie Cutshall and Elmira Champe. After the initiation a theatre party was given in honor of the new members, after which refreshments were served at the Rose. The Old members present were: Misses TVIarie Rucker, Edith Samuels, Edna Fisher, Jessie Andrew, Edith Brunker, Flora Sanpert, Eliza- beth Kadel, Ida Irminger, Estelle Doershuck and J essie Brown. Miss Mae Bowsher left for California Oct. 11. LLAMABADA. WVhat the Llamaradas lack in numbers this term they certainly make up in spirit. The active members in school are Anna Forbes, Margurite Sevengel, Haziel Woolen, Mercedes Penna, Margaret Lahey and Mrs. Roscoe Hyde. There are a number of girls in town Who are going to be active members. The oflicers for the year are: Leader, Margaret Lahey; secretary, Haziel Woolen; historian, Mrs. Hyde, and treasurer, Anna Forbes. Last J une the Chapter had one of the best attended reunions of its history. A number of little informal affairs were held, but the big- gest feature of the reunion was a picnic held at Forest Park on J une 21. The active members present were Bertha Bickhart, Lenore Burnam, Grace Burba, Orpha Cole, Fern Colglazier, F lorence Earlle, Anne Forbes, Portia Fuqua, Margaret Lahey, Lora Love, Gertrude Mcv Comb, Katherine McLaughlin, Francis Mont- gomery, Golda Uantz, Grace Nantz, Louise Pickett, Minnie Parsons, Nellie Paul, Alice Reem, Lucille Stibbins, Haziel Woolen, Mar- garet Hagan and Minta Headen. The guests of the section were: Nelle Stibbins, Nelle Bick- hart, Elsie Coss, Mae and Nelle Lamb, Helen Leonard, Clara Sexson, Lena Admire, Pearl Jolly VanCleave, Ethel Burton, Anna Paul and Orrelle Fidlar. ' On June 23 Mrs. VanCleave entertained at her home, 501 South Fourth street, in honor of Miss Lora Love, bride-elect. Numerous games were played and refreshments were served. The active and visiting members of the section were the guests. Miss Love was married August 2, to Frank Nantz. They are living in Little Rock, Ark. Two other members of the section were Inar- ried during the summer. On J uly 6, Miss Edna Trueblood became the bride of William Arthur Smith, and on September 18, Miss Elsie Coss . became the bride of Roscoe Hyde. During the summer the chapter was not or- ganized, and no regular business was transacted, 24 THE NORMAL ADVANCE but a number of outings and little informal gatherings were held. On Saturday, October 8, a few new students were'entertained at the home of Miss Margaret Lahey, 215 South Thirteenth street. Two con- tests were given and the prizes were won by Miss Tita Caughlin and Miss Dorothy Roberts. The guests were Misses Roberts, Penna, Lene- hard and Nelson. Luncheon was served dur- ing the evening. On the following Saturday the girls met again at the home of lVIiss Lahey and completed plans for a Halloween party. M U ZETA. The Mu Zeta section has re-organized with prospects for a very successful year. Eight old members have returned to schoOl, Vanessa Rat- cliff, Helen Lee Smick, Anne Orebaugh, Hen- rietta Way, Helen F roeb, Lois Shirley, Helen M. Connor, and Mabel Marshall. Miss Freda Meyer, 10, of the Greenwood school, City, and Miss Mabel Gossman, ,09, of the Collett school, will also be active members. Five new girls have been pledged: Margaret Howard, Terre Haute; Helen Baker, Annabelle Clifford, Estelle Spitz7 and Elsie Crull. These will be initiated N 0V. 6. At the last regular business meeting of the spring term the following oiiicers were elected: Leader, Miss Emma Dwight; secretary-treas- urer, Miss Vanessa Ratoliff; editor, Helen Lee Smick. Miss Dwight will not return until the begin- ning of the winter term, and Miss Connor will fill her place during the fall term. The first function of the term was a marsh- mallow toast Friday evening, Sept. 30, at the home of Miss Helen M. Connor. Saturday afternoon, Oct. 8, the section en- tertained a number of guests at the home of Miss Way. The house was decorated with numerous pennants. In a cake contest the guests had the better of it, and one of them tttook the cake?7 Ice, cake, mints and coffee were served. The Mu Zeta section notes the marriage of one of its old members, Miss Nelle Haberstich, ?10. Miss Haberstieh and Wm. O. Winkler were recently married in Greenfield, Ind., where both had been engaged to teach. On Oct. 19, occurred the wedding of Miss Hazel Holden, a Mu Zeta of last year, and Harrison M. Scott of Fairmount, Ind. The section attended the wedding. The Mu Zetas feel that October has established two alarming precedents. - On Saturday, October 22, the M11 Zeta girls took a jaunt into the woods. The party left the city at 10 olclock for Youngstown, Ind., and tramped out to Johnsonls woods where they spent the day. Dinner and supper were taken in the woods, and late in the afternoon a large camp lire was built for a Wiener roast. The crowd returned to the city the better for their day in the woods. A Hallowelen party will be given by the Mu Zeta chapter in the barn at the home of Miss Helen Smiok. The barn will be decorated ap- propriately for the occasion and the evening will be given up to Halloween amusements. MYOSOTIS. The Myosotis girls who attended summer school had a number of pleasant meetings. Among these were a picnic at Collett Park, evening parties at the homes of Nellie Waller and Norma Failing, a slumber party at the country home of Lenora Rollings, and porch parties at the homes of Mary McBeth and Stella Albright. Mary McBeth was hostess for the first party of the fall term, September 30, from 4: to 6. The writing of progressive romances was the diversion of the afternoon, and dainty refresh- ments were served. The guests of honor were the Misses Letitia Ferree, Maybelle Peck, Fern Garen, and Esther Neukom. The chapter members entertained a number of girls with a 4cLyric Partyll 0n the afternoon of October 7. The fall initiation of Myosotis pledges was THE NORMAL ADVANCE held Saturday evening, October 15, at the home of N ellie Waller, who is the Chapter leader for the present school year. The Misses Minnie Rollings, Esther Neukom, Fern Garen, and Letitia Ferree are the new members. An amus- ing initiation program was carried out under the direction of Cecilia Black, Coradel Wade, and Mary McBeth, and later in the evening de- licious refreshments were served. lVIyosotis girls who returned to school this fall are Nellie Waller, Helen Sale, Coradel Wade, Nellie Clark, Ada Tichenor, Olive J Ohn- son, Belvea McCorkle, Norma Failing, Cecilia Black, Minna Wissing, Stella Albright, and Mary MCBeth. PHI SIGMA TA U. The Phi Sigma Tau chapter has organized for the fall term with the following OfIicers: President, Nelle Mahley; Vice-president, Grace Lowe; secretary-treasurer, Claudia Miller; edi- tor, F ern McFarland. Saturday evening, October 8, the members of the chapter held a meeting at the city Y. W. C. A., after which they enjoyed a Lyric-Varieties party. Friday, October 14, the Chapter was enter- tained at the home of Miss Grace Lowe 0n Mul- berry street. The hrst degree of initiation was given to the following persons: Fern McFar- land, May Groff, Verna Humphreys, Jennie Edson, Leone Kenton, Emma Dean Wright, Dolly Barracks. After the meeting luncheon was served at the Rose Pharmacy. . I PI ZETA. The following members of the sorority have returned for the year: Nelle Broadhurst, Kate V. Black, Ethel Irene Carr, Georgia Cole, Louise Harris, and Helen Helt. 25 September 11, 1910, Mr. Clarence E. Craw- ford 710, and Miss Nelle Fitzgibens were mar- t ried at the bride,s home in Mitchell, Ind. Miss Fitzgibbons is a member of the Pi Zeta Sorority. June 28, 1910, BIr. Clarence Church and Bliss Estella Harris were married at the bride,s home in West Terre Haute. The bride is a graduate of the Normal School and a member of the Pi Zeta Sorority. June 28, 1910, Mr. George Carr and Miss Fanny Thorp were married at the home of the brides uncle, Mr. F rank Tharp, West Terre Haute, Ind. During the last week of the summer term, Mrs. Fanny Thorp-Carr entertained the mem- bers of the members of the sorority at her home in West Terre Haute, Ind., with a pennant party. Besides the members there were present Miss Ruth Carr of West Terre Haute and Miss Margaret Carr 01 Beaumont, Texas. Miss Helen Helt, who taught at Scotland, Ill. during the last year, has returned to hnish her senior yeafs work. The first degree of initiation was given Octo- ber 18, 1910, to the following girls: Nina Davidson, Hazel Neil, Hazel B. Neal, and Thirza Parker. PSI THETA. Atthe Boyer home on North Sixth street, Miss Edna Campbell entertained the Psi Theta , chapter of the Indiana State Normal on Oct. 8. Light refreshments were served. The mem- bers are: Louise Peters, Edna Newman, Ella Morford, Blanche Johnson, Ethel Hyde, Blanche Boyer, Nelle Flesher, Madge O7Haver, Erba Hinkson, and Mayme Nicholson. Miss N elle Flesher entertained the Psi Thetas on Oct. 22 with a sewing party. Light re- freshments were served, and all reported an en- joyable time. 26 THE NORMAL ADVANCE LOCAL and ALUMNI le. H. Gain, ,10, Visited at I. S. N. Sept. 29, While on his way to the University of Michigan. He Will be there during the year. Otto Christy, 710, was in the city Oct. 15 and 16. He is principal of the Milltown High school. Ernest C. Unverferth, 10, was Visiting friends here Oct. 8. He is now teaching mathe- matics in the High school at Rockville. Miss Lura Lynch is teaching in the Indian- apolis schools. J. M. Haigerty, ,10, is principal of the High school at Loogootee, Ind. t Herschel Whitaker is teaching manual train- ing at Springfield, 111. W. T. Barbre, C. C. l10, is pastor of the Christian church at Rockville. W. L. Conner, ,10, is superintendent of the Troy schools. D. R. Henry, 710, was Visiting friends here Oct. 1. W. D. Shewman, ,10, is teaching science and mathematics in Akron High school. Otto Schoeppel is superintendent of schools at River Park, Ind. Peter W. Vitz is teaching at Huntington, Ind. H. C. Martin, ,08, is superintendent of High school at Versailles, Ind. This is his second year there. Harry M. Smith is teaching at Tagbilaran, Bohol, P. I. G. Ray Sharp, ,10, is principal of the High school at Smith Center, Kas. Mr. Z. Merril Smith, iIO, Visited here Oct. 29-30. Mr. Smith is superintendent of Mon- rovia schools this year and says he is enjoying his work. Howard Ray, ,10, is teaching manual train- ing in seventh and eighth grades at Cincin- nati, 0. Mr. J ared Visited him recently. Frank Chambers was in town Saturday try- ing to arrange to take boxing lessons under lVII'. Kimmel. He does not care to he unpre- pared against all belligerent patrons any more. G. W. Youngblood, 310, is teaching science and mathematics in Huntington High school. Margaret Cornell, 710, is teaching at Green- field, Ind. XV. O. VVinkler, 710, is teaching mathematics in the High school at Greenfield, Ind. Mrs. Wlinkler, nee Haberstieh, is supervisor of music in the city schools at Greenfield. O. G. Lidikay, 710, is teaching at New Salis- burg, seventh and eighth grades and first year High school. Lenore Burnam spent Sunday, Oct. 10, in Terre Haute. Nelle Hartman Visited her home in Vincennes Oct. 16. . Lola Nusbaum, 10, is teaching history and literature in grades seven and eight at Irving- ton. , Edna Harvey visited 1. S. N. friends Oct. 7 and 8. Chloe Houghton, ,10, is principal of the High school at Ferrysville. Lois Rutledge, C. C. 710, has charge of the science work in the Kennard High school. C. E. Crawford, 10, was married to Nelle Fitzgibbons, Sept. 11. Miss Hill, C. C. 310, is teaching literature in the Boonville High school. Hazel Shortridge is teaching mathematics in Jasonville High school. Mr. Ernest Sink, who is teaching manual training at Anderson, was in the City Oct. 15 and 16. He informed us that- several I. S N. alumni are teaching there, among Whom are Blisses Ethel Hughes, Bertha Bick-hart, and Laura and Kate VVOOdy, and Mr. B. Floyd Stalcup, all of class of 710. Mr. Samuel F. Hildebrand, C. C. 710, has an impertant position in the Bureau of Fisheries THE NORMAL ADVANCE y at Washington, D. C. He is delighted with his work. Mr. Royal Pottenger, t10, is superintendent of the Beaver Dam High school. eMr. A. R. Neyhouse, 710, is teaching in the grammar grades at Poseyville. Mr. S. C. Morrill, ,10, is superintehdent 0f the Mulberry schools. ' Guy J ohnson, m, is teaching at West Baden. 27 D. R. Henry is superintendent of Perrysville schools. Clarence Crawford, 310, is teaching at Clay City. Roy J ulian and Jesse Wood are teaching at Tunnelton. B. F. Stalcup, 10, who is at Anderson, was in Terre Haute Saturday, Oct. 22. EXCHANGES Teacher-Johnny, what was VVashingtonE last address? J ohnnyvaeaven. At a certain college it was the custom to have the students write the following pledge at the bottom of the manuscript: ttI hereby certify on my honor that I have not given nor received aid during this examina- tion? Soon after handing in his paper to the pro- fessor, noted. for his sarcasm, a young fellow hurriedly entered the class-room and said: ttProfessor, I forgot to put the pledge 011 my paper? ggAltogether unnecessaryfi replied the teach- er. 4tI have just finished looking over your paper, and I feel sure that you did not give nor receive aidfiellz'ppivwottis. He was telling her about the members of his base ball team. ttNow, thereis Brown? said he, ctin a few weeks heill be our best man? ctOh, J ackf7 she gushed, 4cwhet a nice way to ask mePL-Ew. TeacherettWhen was Louisiana cededw JohnnieettJust after it was plowed in the springWeEw. ' PRANKS 0F PUNUTUATION. Caesar entered on his head, his helmet on his feet, armed with sandals upon his brow, there was a cloud in his right hand, his faithful sword in his eye, an angry 100k saying nothing. He sat downeEm. ttVVhy arenH; you in school my little ladW, 4tI stayed away because of sickness? 4cWho is sick, may I askW, tiThe truant officerWeEw. itVVhat, in your mind, is the most pleasant kind of foilageW asked the botany teacher. 4tLeaves of absence? replied a bright pupil. eEw. Tell me not in cheerful chatter School life is a perfect dream, School is real and school is matter, And of work we do a ream. -Ew. There are no ttbooks in running brookst, nor ttsermons in stones, except to the man who thinks.-Eac. 28 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Announcement We are now in our new and commodious store rooms, 112-114 N. Sixth Street and we cordially invite our friends and customers to Visit us in our new home. We Will, as usual, carry a large line of SCHOOL TEXT BOOKS AND SUPPLIES, STATIONERY, FOUNTAIN PENS AND SCHOOL SUNDRIES, PENNANTS, PINS AND SEAL. STICKERS Second-Hand Books Bought and Sold See us for Typewriters, Desks and other Office Supplies and Fixtures. Mail orders given prompt attention. The One Book Store for the Normal Student. M. D. OREM, Manager THE ORBIEL SUPPLY COMPANY BOOKS AND SCHOOL SUPPLIES 112-114 N. 6th St. Terre Haute, Ind. Citizens Phone 2648. Bell Phone 941. Branch Store 109 S. 7th St. Bell Phone 899 eTHEn Moore-Langen Printing Co. Printers. Binders Blank Book Manufacturers PUBLISHERS No. 21 North Sixth Street TERRE HAUTE. IND. Both Phones 64 NORMAL ADVANCE l THE PAPER FUR BOTH TEACHER AND STUDENT I You Need It We Need Your Subscription SEND US YUUR NAME AND ADDRESS NOW And Get the CBMPLETE Volume NINE ISSUES ONLY $1.00 A YEAR THE NQRMAL ADVANCE. VOLUME XVI. TERRE HAUTELINDW NOVEMBER, 1910. NUMBER 2. E1 Qraper . ' the lube that unitez us; for the peaee aeturheh ug thig bay; for the hope with which we expect to: marrow; fur the health, the mark, the font, anh the height Shieg, that make out Iiheg Delightful; far out trienhz in all part5 at the earth, ant: nut frienhly helpers in this: foreign isle. ?Let peaee ahuunh in our gmall eumpany. iguege out at ehery heart the lurking grunge. tgthe us: grate ant: strength to turheae anh pergehere. QBtfenherg, give us the grate tn aeeept anhtu turgihe nffenhers. juegetful nurseIhes, help 115 to hear eheerfuIIp the fuegetfulnegg nt uthem. $ihe us enurage anh gaietp anb the quiet mint. gnaw to 115 our trienhg, Saften to 115 our enemies. $Ie55 us, if it maybe, in our innueent en: heahnurs. if it may not, gihe 115 the strength to entuuntee that mhtth istu tame that we may he hrahe in peril, eunztant in trihulatinn, temperate in tnrath, ant: in all ehanges of fortune, anh Damn tn the gates: of Death, loyal anh Inning one to another. $15 the day to the putter, a5 the minhmill tn the mint, a5 ehiI: been at their sire, tne hegeeeh ut TEhee this help anh mertp fur ' Gibrigttg 53kt. . -33whert law's $tehensun .30 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Chapel Talks FRANCIS M. STALKER I. WILLIAM JAMES. The recent death of Professor William J ames removed from the educational world a com- manding hgure. For more than a quarter of a century Professor J ames has charmed and en- lightened the public as a teacher, a psychologist and a philosopher. He has seldom, if ever, been surpassed in his felicity of expression on what are commonly regarded as technical and abstract subjects. He was at the same time an earnest student7 a profound scholar and a great teacher. He possessed in a marked degree three qualities that are essential to the successful stu- dent, scholar, and teacher-aopenemindedness, sincerity and sympathy. He sought after the truth and was interested in every phase of human experience. He ap- proached every problem and investigated all phenomena with a mind open to conviction. He sneered at no belief and scoffed at no theories, but accorded to every man and every movement the privilege of free thought, and the opportunity to demonstrate the truth of any claims that were made. His open-mindedness was probably best shown in his work with the Society for Psychical Research in its attempt to communicate With spirits of the other world. And while in his frank way he admitted that after years of research no progress had been made, he was still willing to study and to weigh any phenomena looking toward the solution of this problem, and to lend his aid seriously to experimentation toward this end. Doubtless it was this spirit of open-mindedness that made men and women everywhere believe in him and anticipate with delight any new word from him. Sineerity, as was perfectly natural, accom- panied his spirit of open-mindedness and was always present in his search for the truth. He was thorough and scientific in his investiga- tions. He had no pet theories to defend, and so he went where truth as he was given to see the truth led him. Men and women believed always in his fairness and his words had weight with them. His students and those who worked with him say he was sympathetic and kind-admirable qualities for a teacher and well calculated to inspire confidence, and to stimulate the largest endeavor. Possibly these qualities in the man and teach- er enabled Professor J ames to do for his stu- dents everywhere that greatest thing that any teaoher can do for his studentseteach them to think. This may be considered the great work that he did in the world, and this has been the great work of every great teacher in all time. His position in the history of education is se- cure. As student, teacher, psychologist, philo- sopher, lecturer, and writer he excelled, and his infiuence is likely to endure. II. J ULIA WARD HOWE. A woman who has been a force in our na- tional life for over a half century has just passed away in her ninety-second year. It seems almost incredible that one who did her work in the middle of the nineteenth century with Emerson, Lowell, Whittier, Hohnes7 Phil- lips, Sumner, Hawthorne, Stone, and the rest of that splendid group of men and women who wrought for righteousness, should have lingered THE NORMAL ADVANCE 31 so long after all these had taken their depart- ure. But J ulia Ward Howe has not only lived ' in our day, but she has been in touch with and interested in the problems of our day. Julia Ward was born in New York in 1819, and was a member of a household that had position, wealth, and culture. She was married to Dr. Samuel G. Howe, who had taken part in the Greek revolution in 1824 in which Lord Byron lost his life. He had at a later date aided the Polish and had come to America where he be- came a prison reformer, and abolitionist and brought fame to himself and the Institute for the Blind at South Boston. When Charles Dickens came to this country in the early forties, he Visited this institute and found Dr. Howe just at that time interested in the re- markable case of Laura Bridgman. Julia Ward Howe became interested in the same things her famous husband was interested in, and aided him in his work. She was philan- thopist, prison reformer, abolitionist, equal suEragist, co-educationist, and with it all a splendid type of the womanly woman. Her philanthropy showed itself in many forms of charity. Her sympathy with the cause of ab- olition made her an out-spoken advocate and an aid to Dr. Howe in certain abolition publi- cations. Their zeal for the cause took them to Washington at the beginning of the Civil War, and it was on this Visit that the incident arose which inspired her ttBattle Hymn 0f the Re- public? She and Dr. Howe had gone with some friends to the Virginia side to review the troops of the army of the Potomac. Instead of the review they saw some detachments of U nion soldiers march away to a real engagement. In the confusion that followed they were delayed in their return to Washington, and t0 beguile the time they began to sing ccJohn Brownls Body? upon hearing which the soldiers who surrounded them took up the strain. The next morning Mrs. Howe arose before dawn and wrote the five stanzas which line after line had shaped themselves to the ttJohn Brownll music. The poem was first published in the Atlantic Monthly, under the title by which it is still known. . Julia Ward Howe was an equal suii'ragist, but her broad outlook on the problems of life kept her from making the error of pitting sex against sex in rivalry. She knew that the needs of men and women are common, and that they must work together to obtain them. So all her work showedy fine poise, and every cause she espoused she was able to help. She was the Deborah of her day and led in causes where men would not go alone. She represents the type of womanhood that brings strength not alone to womants cause, but to humanity. She wrote much, and many of her poems have large merit, but her fame lived and will live in her ctBattle Hymn of the Republicf, the stirring lyric of Civil War days. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord; He is trampling not the Vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; is 9k 9k $ $ :15 9'6 3k 9k 3k 3X4 He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat; He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment seat: Oh! be swift, my soul, to answer him! be jubi- lant, my feet! Our God is marching on. This is the music men and women sang in the days of conflict, and it helped them to sus- tain their courage. With it should be recalled VVhitmaIfs song of a broken hearted people when their leader fell: 0 Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is i done, The ship has weatherld every rock, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; 32 But 0 heart! heart! heart! 0 the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. And then the spirit of the people had its complete and perfect expression after the war was over in LowelPs matchless Commemora- tion Ode: THE NORMAL ADVANCE 0 Beautiful! my Country! ours once more! Smoothing thy gold of war-dishevelled hair O,er such sweet brows as never other wore, And letting thy set lips, ' Freed from wrath,s pale eclipse, The rosy edges of their smile lay bare, What words divine 0f lover 0r 0f poet Could tell our love and make thee know it, Among the Nations bright beyond compare? W'INTEB. In rigorous hours, when down the iron lane The redbreast looks in vain For hips and haws, L0, shining flowers upon my WindOW-pane The silver pencil 0f the Winter draws. When all the snowy hill And the bare woods are still; When snipes are silent in the frozen bogs, And all the garden garth is Whelmed in mire, L0, by the hearth, the laughter of the logs, More fair than roses, 10, the flower of fire. I have trod the upward and downward slope; I have endured and done in days befOre; I have longed for all, and bid farewell to hope And I have lived and loved, and closed the door. -Robeq t Louis Stewenson. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 33 ttWhen Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomtdii As a Form of Art MARY McBETH The terms itart? ticlassical art;7 and tcim- pressionistic art7i are very differently inter- preted by different critics, but this is especially true of the first and the last named. ttArti, is so very broad7 and there are so many possible points of view in considering it, that it is al- most impossible for a person to tell What he does think concerning it. ttClassical artii is somewhat narrower. In the history of each civilized race or nation, there is an early period in Which types of literature, painting, and music, usually digniiied and formal, are pro- duced. As time goes on and the types become established this period comes to be known as the ttclassical period? and its productions as ttclassicsfi The ccIliadw and the ttOdyssey7i are types of Greek literary ttclassicsf, and Chane cer,s works are types of the English. cgClassical art;7 then, means art Which is executed in com- pliance With rules and formalities set down by the traditions of the nation. It usually hap- pens that the ctclassical periodii is followed by a period in Which inferior writers, painters, and musical composers imitate the classics. Im- pressionism may be considered as a reaction against this period. Because of the formal character of ttclassical artf, great difference of opinion regarding its meaning is not possible, but this is not true of ttimpressionistic art? The key-note 0f ttim- pressionistic art,, is originality, and there are no definite rules governing either the meaning of the term or the interpretation of types of the art. Each writer on the subject has an idea slightly 0r radically different from that of all others, and, therefore, it is necessary for one Who would have even an itimpressionb 0f the meaning of impressionism, to read the opinions of many, and then to piece together an opinion or definition of his own; and that opinion Will probably be diiferent from any ever before held. One definition Which has been so pieced to- gether, is that, ttImpressionistic arti, is the honest, sincere, and original portrayal of the artist7s personal and immediate impressions of nature, without regard to the' trammels of art- tistic tradition; and that it must be produced, as nearly as possible, Without recourse to the use of compromises and conventionalities ac- cepted by the art of the past, and Without elab- oration of detail. Walt Whitman7s beautiful poem, ttWhen Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomadf seems to be an example of literary impressionism in many respects. The poem expresses Whit- manis thoughts in a free and spontaneous way. The poet was so thoroughly possessed With be- lief in the truth of his feelings and ideas, that he paid little attention to the form of his poetry. He did not regard form of any kind. He once exclaimed, ttO to escape utterly from others, anchors and holdsW And, indeed, he was very successful in escaping from the con- ventions placed by the society of the ages, both in the matter of form, and in that of thought 01' subjects treated. Although this poem does not seem as characteristically impressionistic as some of Whitman,s works, it certainly produces a deiinite eifect or impression on the mind of the reader. The theme of the poem, the thought in Which the interest of the composition lies; its binding, Vitalizing element, that to Which everything else in the work directly or indirectly contrib- utes, seems to be the thought that death is joy- ful and sacred; a thing to be praised and ex- alted, not mourned. The desire to prepare a 34 THE NORMAL ADVANCE fitting tribute for Abraham Lincoln, ttFor the sweetest7 wisest soul of all my days and lands? also dominates the whole poem, but seems rather to be an expression of the purpose of the poem than a part of the theme. The works of J . M. W. Turner, the famous English impressionistic landscape painter, may be used for the purpose of comparing the struce ture of paintings with that of pieces of poetry. Because of the difference in the natures of their arts, Whitman and Turner would necessarily treat different kinds of themes. Turner would not have as a theme, ttDeath, its thought7 and the sacred knowledge of deathfl but he would have some physical aspect of nature, which would appeal to the eye, and through that to the mind, He usually chose subjects in which a stream or body of water played an important part, because he was very proficient in hand- ling cloud effects and reflections in water. One color harmony seems to predominate in each picture. The blue-gray tone of the moonlight scene called ccSt. Denisll is an example of this. In this picture the eifeet is intensified by a dark castle standing out against a stream of pale moonlight. If the picture is intended to pro- duce a bright, sunny effect, everything which does not contribute to that effect is left out7 and things which do help to produce it are put in. A favorite device used by Turner for this pur- pose, in clear, sunny landscapes, is the placing of a tree against the sky. Whitmanls song of the hermit bird in the lonely swamp, the dark clouds, the great, sad star, and the delicate fra- grance of the lilac may be thought of as color tones contributing to the feeling of sadness and mourning. Turner sometimes found that the most sug- gestive representation of a View was not the one in which every detail was scientifically ac- curate, but the one in which naturels colors and lines had been modified and arranged, some- what, to suit his own impression of the scene and of beauty. In his picture of tcPortsmouth Harborf he arranged the cloud forms so as to balance the curves of the waves. The stately and magnificent warship in this picture has been criticised, because the sails were not ar- ranged as they would have been under such conditions, but this is a scientific detail which does not affect the beauty of the picture, nor the stateliness of the ship, and, as one of Tur- nerls defenders said, the ship was not intended to be used in training young sailors how to set sails, but to help give Turnerls impression of Portsmouth Harbor to the audience. Although gray-brown birds do not literally sing carols of the joyfulness of death, yet VVhit- man has, in his poem, caused the bird to do this, in order most effectively to reproduce his own thoughts of death. The theme running through the entire poem may be thought of as synono- mous with the predominating color tone of the landscape. Impressionistic art is not a scien- tific reproduction of nature, but nature as it appears to the artist. Death is a hopeless tragedy to many people, but to Walt Whitman it was not so, and, of course, he reproduced it as it appeared to him. The poem iiWhen Lilacs Last in the Door- yard Bloonfdll is unified, because each part of it contributes to the development of the theme. The poem is coherent also. Although, on first reading, some of the transitions seem rather abrupt, the oftener it is read, the better it is un- derstood, and the more beautiful and harmon- ious it becomes. In the qualities of unity and coherence, the poem resembles a symphony or other musical composition more closely than it does an or- dinary piece of literature, or a painting. A musical composition, like a poem or a painting, has a dominating mood, which reveals the authors personality, and which leaves a lasting impression with the hearer. Haydnas sym- phonies were fresh, bright pictures of nature; they dealt with such subjects as the tillers 0f the soil, peaceful shepherds, or the melodies of birds, and were marked by cheerfulness, good- humor, and pastoral simplicity. Mozartls works often show tender, sad, or passionate feeling7 while those of Beethoven are massive, sublime, and magnificent in feeling. The mood THE NORMAL ADVANCE of VVhitman7s poem may be characterized as thoughtful, mournful, and sad. Haydn, when contemplating the composition of a symphony, often wrote a little story, as a plan by which to compose, and Listyis ctFaustfi and 4tDiVina Comediaia carry out the themes or plots of the dramas of Geothe and Dante7 0f the same names. The recufrent strains of the poem; ccThe lilac with delicate-colofd blossoms and heart-shaped leaves of rich green? ttThe great star early droolfd in the western Sky, ttThe lustions and drooping star with the coun- tenance full of woe;7 ttThe gray-brown birds singing the carol of death tTrom deep secluded recesses; From the fragrant cedars and the ghostly pines so still;7 all these are much like the melodies and similar movements, which are harmoniously woven into a piece of music, and they are largely responsible for the feeling of unity and coherence. ' Whitman has attempted to make his poem a national poem, by bringing into it things of interest to the whole people. He speaks of Lin- coln, of the war and of the assassinatione things which were uppermost in the minds of the people, and he describes the journey of the coffin through cities, and woods where violets bloom, through pastures, wheat fields, and blooming apple-orchards, tcharacteristic Ameiu ican sceneryy, and the universal mourning 0f the states, and the memorial services all over the land. Then as a fitting perfume for the grave, he suggests: itSea-winds brown from Eastern sea and blown from Western sea, till there on the prairies meeting, these and with these the breath of my chant, Pll perfume the graveiof him I love?7 Then again in the selection of pictures to adorn the burial-house, the whole country is represented; the farms and homes, the April sunset, the fresh7 growing things of spring, the broad, sparkling rivers, the cities with closely packed houses, and. spires, with shops, and fac- 35 tories, and with workmen, and the pale, beauti- ful dawn, the cool, restful evening, and the far-spreading, breeze-fanned prairie covered with grass and corn. All these things are ap- pealing and pleasing to the American people as a subject of universal interest. n The picture of the old farm house, and the tall lilac bush with delicate, pointed blossoms and heart-shaped leaves, standing near the white-washed palings, the great, silver-faced star, the golden sunset, the black Cloud, and the singing thrush may be thought of as a de- scription of Whitman,s surroundings at the time of the assassination of Lincoln, which was deeply printed in his memory and was always recalled by the odor of the lilac or the thought of Lincoln. ctThe lustrous, drooping star with the countenance full of woe;7 holds the place of Lincoln in the poets thoughts; the black cloud is the war 01 the crime of the assassina- tion; the gray-brown bird in the wilderness sings the song of the poet; and the lilac is the emblem of death, and, therefore, dear to the poet. Whitman had spent most of his life in going about among people of all classes and condi- tions, talking with them, observing them, sym- pathizing with them, and helping them. He had seen much injustice and suffering, and it had affected him very deeply, for he felt that each slave, each idiot, each thief, each unfor- tunate person, was the Victim of the social evils of the world, but that his soul was just like the soul of the most fortunate person, and just as sacred. For a time, he seemed to think that the practice of universal democracy would equalize all men, but later he came to see that death was the only remedy for the conditions, the iistrong deliveress,, from all misery and misfortune. If death, then, was the salvation of man- kind, it was certainly the most joyous and divine fact connected with life. Death would come to every one, would set him free from torture and trouble, and would launch him forth on the gentle waves of its cool, restful ocean, toward the harbor of iiideal goody Whitmafs love of death was strengthened and 36 THE NORMAL ADVANCE definitely formulated during the Civil War, while he was caring for wounded soldiers. It has been said that he probably bent over more death-beds than any other man has ever done, and every one was the death-hed of a loved friend, a comrade7 a brother. He endured their suffering with them, and the peace death brought to them was grateful to him. He seem- ed almost to see through the veil of death, and to understand its mysteries, and his love for it became sacred and complete. VVhitman,s idea that Death is joyous has much in common with the beliefs of the Brah- mans, as expressed in an old Hindu poem, ttThe Priest of Brahma to His Dying Disciple W tBoy! to fear death which only means That body and soul, twin life in bonds, Part and go forth their several ways P But I no longer am; my individual self dis- solved? That may be so, and yet, if so it be, IVhat then? Thy soul goes gladly forth To mix with God, sole Being, and live in Him, ' Yielding its tribute to Universal Minde A spirit atom in the Eternal Onee Serving the more thigh destinyD to swell The bliss of Being, which alone can be? While Whitman and the Brahman both see Death as joyous and perfect, and Life as the forerunner or preparation for something better, yet there is an essential diifere'nce in the con- ceptions. The Hindu glorifies Death because it dissolves the individual in oblivion, for the sole purpose of ttSerVing the more thigh des- tinyD to swell the bliss of Being, which alone can bew; while Whitman glorifies it because it brings bliss or complete happiness to the in- dividual, and equally to all individuals. A Mistake ANNA M. COX My little pumpkin-seed purse, worn and brown, could have told of various experiences. How in the old high school days, again and again, each time more emphatically and more bitterly, it had cried out against the ruthless expenditure of its extravagant mistress! How its lean flanks heaved and sank in after one of those awful weekly oarousals! Then, again, how in my prosperous pioneer school-mahm days, its sides groaned and almost burst with its silver contents! But now, the little purse lay in my hand, a pitiable object, a derelict of a happy contented past, so quickly gone by. As I opened the feeble Clasps, one lonely In- dian chief rolled out to my View. Sullenly he eyed me with that same sort of defiance with which his kinsman, Old Black Wing, stood re- solutely upon the banks of the Tombigbee and without flinehing beheld the last of his sturdy warriors fall beneath the sting of the pale face. ttTake me, if you darelll those proud eyes flashed. But my courage'failed me, and I allowed the lonely little coin to roll back into its hiding place. Yes, I was Without money! Oh! the frail- ties and the trials of these Normalite girls! What7 with ravenous appetites and spreads and things, are these poor creatures, Victims of cir- cumstances, to do? The savor of roast chicken was then coming floating up the stairway. But onels consciousness is of advantage sometimes! As I had somewhere learned that it is the ten- dency of the human mind to react past experi- ences, and one of those experiences was the gratification felt in the possession of cash, I bestirred myself to Visit the bank. My friend, Grace, accompanied me. The genial banker, after receiving the check, presented me with a five dollar bank-note. He smiled knowingly as if he thought he had relieved some poor bur- dened soul. Such is the egotism of bankers. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 37 W my As Grace and I walked along, we talked en- thusiastically of various things. .Is it not strange what a difference a little money can make in a person? My step was brisker, my observation was keener, and my sympathy was broader. People and things seemed more real; the artificiality had passed away. The world was a bright place in which to live! Money, indeed! It is the life-blood of the nation; yet how easily this foodegiver may be corrupted in the veins of commerce, if heat and motion be not maintained. What! kingdoms, crowns, and honor have sunk beneath this power! It comes as the north wind, bitterly cold, blasting the uplifted blades of the summers effort and driv- ing the shivering, whirling atoms of humanity into one blinding chaotic mass. Look again! It comes as the spring, warming, lighting, re- juvenating the old, and promising an abundant harvest. The streets were gay. The be-ribboned and , garlanded shopdwindows spoke soothingly to me and whispered untold Visions. The crisp new bill fluttered and, pulsated with the movement of my body. All things seemed to whisper, gtPartake P3 Persuaded, I yielded and entered a large department store. A sale was going on. Ladies excited, ladies composed, ladies hysteri- cal, ladies in bargains, and ladies out of bar- gains rushed hither and thither. As fortune favors the prosperous, I found a clerk who was quite willing to wait upon me. She was a shy, honest little maiden I thought. After quickly purchasing the article, I hurriedly handed the clerk a bill. Rather impatiently, I waited for the change, for several minutes elapsed before she came back and dropped some silver into my hand. I stared at the pieces of coin, for there ' were only seventy-Iive cents. Before she had time to get away, I called to her and said as courteously as possible: ttI think you have made a mistakef, ttHow is that 1W she queried. thy, I gave you a five dollar bill W This came rather emphatically. ttAre you sureW, Her face flushed, and an unconquerable tremor hovered about her lips. Somewhat disconcerted, she closely examined the clerkls bill, but it told nothing. By this time I was fully aroused. People, curious to see and if possible to become actual participators in a scene that promised at least a little excitement, pressed about me reassure- ingly on all sides. And I thought that the old proverb, HAdversity is a true test of friend- shipjj Was about to be proved with a few vari- ations. In all my life before, no action of mine, I accidental or premeditated, had ever elicited such spontaneous sympthy or had favored my performance in a melodrama which promised a climax so new and so striking. All this time, Grace kept close to my side. My brain was all in a whirl. Of only one thing I was quite sure, and that was that in some way the four dollars must not be lost, but how to prevent this I could not quite decide. Just'then, a tall, sharp-featured woman with an exceedingly self-important air confidently pushed her way among the rest of the specta- tors and came close to my side. She was not a woman to be daunted for she had been in' skir- mishes before. Pointing one long finger at me and speaking in a loud authoritative whisper, she advised7 ttSay, girl, you just stay with them. Pve seen this thing worked before. Why, when I was in Indianapolis last summerail but she got no further, for a big fat lady arrayed in a costume, both flashy and gay, brushed the former speaker aside and planted her ponder- ous bulk before me. ' ttIlll tell you what to do. You just call an oflicer. He will Clear the matter up quicklylii and she gave me quite a vigorous push toward the door before which a blue-coated gentleman was moving through the throng. And on the edge of this sympathizing group of spectators, a wee little woman with one child in her arms, and three other children clinging to her skirts, shrilled that a person in this large city had to take care of himself or others would not for him. I wondered what Grace was thinking about, for she had neither moved nor spoken a word. 38 THE NORMAL ADVANCE In all previous matters, her judgment had been of such worth that I felt that her opinion would be valuable at this critical moment. One flash of her eye told me that she was my ally. tiWaitfl she whispered, and immediately set 0132' in the direction of the floor walker. He soon came. A few words explained the em- barrassing condition of affairs. He scrutinized my face severely; but bravely I stood the test for my dignity was aroused, my pride was as- sailed, my honesty was on trial, and my deter- mination combined with a certain degree of stubbornness was whetted. The waves never had less eHect as they dashed about the lighted tower on Culberts reef than had his keen ques- tioning glance upon me. He went back to the cashierls desk, but obtained no information. While he was gone, I decided to put the money that I had been nervously fingering into the little old brown purse which I carried in a larger satchel. Mechanically I opened the Clasps, when 10! peeping above the edge of the little pocket at the side, was a green-back billl And it was a five-dollar bill, too! Was I dreaming? Was I in fairyland or where evil spirits are punished? For stealing from far away, so far in fact that it seemed as if it were an echo, came the remembrance of a one-dollar bill that weeks ago had been carelessly thrust among the papers in the purse. Oh! the hu- miliation of it all! In place of the girl so sure, so determined, so resolute, stood another whose courage was at zero point. My dignity slowly oozed out of the pores of my skin and evap- orated in the air. What would all those people think? Why do those moments of weakness come to people? My duty was plain before me. But alas! What to me were those brave school- malam days when with such earnestness and with such zeal I had led my gallant boys and girls up the mountain of courage! Those chil- dren were climbing yet, no doubt, while I was loitering near the foot-hills. The imagined smile and side glance of all those clerks and people laid low the first sprout of resolution and sicklied it oler with the pale cast of thought. If that floor-walker were an observative man, he certainly found only a simile of the former girl. The defiance had all gone; and resigna- tion had come in its stead. When he politely in- formed me that the cash would be counted the next afternoon, I, as meekly as possible, mur- mured, tiVery wellfx and hurried from the store. The outside was no less severe than the in- side. The wind spat Cinders and dust in my face, the people jostled me in the street, and all things as in one loud voice, hissed, iiThou runaway, thou coward, why art thou fleeingrPl and it was only after several hours of bitter meditation and self-accusation that I could per- suade myself to retrace my steps and explain such a careless mistake. The grateful look that came into the little elerkls eyes was good to see, for she had come back into her own; and I, well, I was happier, but I thought as I walked along that the world may be terribly set amiss by the displacement of even a one-dollar bill. AN END OF TRAVEL. Let now your soul in this substantial world Some anchor strike. Be here the body moored: This spectacle immutably from now The picture in your eye; and when time strikes, And the green scene goes on the distant blind, The ultimate helpers, where your horse today Conveyed you dreaming, bear your body dead. eRobert Louis Stevenson. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 39 Selections from I My Summer in a Gardenit By CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER ?k 3!: :14 The first pleasant thing about a garden in this latitude is, that you never know when to set it out. i: ii it When you have planted anything early, you are doubtful whether to desire to see it above ground, or not. If a hot day comes, you long to see the young plants; but, when a cold north wind brings frost, you tremble lest the seeds have burst their hands. Your spring is passed in anxious doubts and fears, which are usually realized; and so a great moral discipline is worked out for you. 3's i: i: The garden thus becomes a moral agent, a test of character, as it was in the beginning. I mean to have a moral garden, if it is not a productive one. it it I was hoeing corn this morning when Polly came out to look at the lima beans. She seem- ed to think the poles had come up beautifully. I thought they did look well: they are a line set of poles, large and well grown, and stand straight. They were inexpensive too. The cheapness came about from my cutting them on another manis land, and he did not know it. I have not examined this transaction in the moral light of gardening; but I know people in this country take great liberties at the polls. Polly noticed that the beans had not themselves come up in any proper sense, but that the dirt had got off from them, leaving them uncovered. She thought it would be well to sprinkle a slight layer of dirt over them; and I, indulg- ently, consented. It occurred to me, when she had gone, that beans always come up that way ewrong end first, and that what they wanted was light and not dirt. Observation: Woman always did, from the ' first, make a muss in a garden. ?k 9!: ?k ah 9!: 2k as 9k 9K $ $ Next to deciding when to start your garden, the most important matter is, what to put in it i i: i: ii I hold that no man has a right twhatever his sex, of coursey to have a garden to his own selfish uses. He ought not to please himself, but every man to please his neighbor. I tried to have a garden that would give gen- eral moral satisfaction. It seemed to me that nobody could object to potatoes ta most useful vegetabley ; and I began to plant them freely. But there was a chorus of protest against them. iiYou donit want to take up your ground with potatoesfi the neighbors said, ciyou can buy potatoesl, tthe very thing I wanted to avoid doing is buying thingsi. it it i: :k I had a little space prepared for melonsemusk- melonsewhich I showed to an experienced friend. cgYou are not going to waste your ground on musk-melons?7 he asked. iiThey rarely ripen in this climate thoroughly, before frosty He had tried for years without luck. I resolved not to go into such a foolish experi- ment. But the next day, another neighbor happened in. ciAh! I see you are going to have melons. My family would rather give up an y- thing else in the garden than musk-m-elonsf, So there it was. There was no compromise; it was melons, or no melons, and somebody of- fended in any case. I half resolved to plant them a little late, so that. they would and'they wouldnit. i: t it I have pretty much come to the conclusion that you have got to put your foot down in gardening. If I had actual- ly taken counsel of my friends, I should not have a thing growing in the garden today but weeds. is $5 9k is $ $ :1: 3k 3k 9k :k The man who undertakes a garden is relent- lessly pursued. The Weeds have sprung up all i over it in a night. They shine and wave in redundant life. The docks have almost gone to seed; and their roots go deeper than con- science. Talk about the London Dockslethe roots of these are like the sources of the Aryan 4O race. And the weeds are not all. I awake in the morning tand a thriving garden will wake a person up two hours before he ought to be out of bedy and think of .the tomato plants, the leaves like fine lace work, owing to black bugs that skip around, and cant be caught. Some- body ought to get up before the dew is off, twhy don,t the dew stay on till after a rea- sonable breakfastrh and sprinkle soot 0n the leaves. I wonder if it is I. Soot is so much blacker than the bugs, that they are disgusted and go away. You cant get up too early, if you have a garden. You must be early due yourself, if you get ahead of the bugs. I think, that, on the whole, it would be best to sit 11p all night, and sleep daytimes. Things ap- pear to go on in the night in the garden un- commonly. It would be less trouble to stay up than it is to get up early. I have been setting out some raspberries, two THE NORMAL ADVANCE sortsea silver and a golden color. How fine they will look on the table next year in a cut glass dish, the cream being in a ditto pitcher! I set them four or live feet apart. I set my strawberries pretty well apart also. The rea- son is to give room for the cows to run through when they break into the garden, as they do sometimes. A cow needs a broader track than a locomotive, and she generally makes one. I am sometimes astonished to see how big a space in a flower-bed her foot will cover. The rasp- berries are called Doolittle and Golden Cap. I donlt like the name of the first variety, and if they do much shall change it to Silver Top. You never can tell what a thing named Dooe little will do. The one in the Senate changed color, and got sour. They ripen badlyeeither mildew or rot on the bush. They are apt to JohnsonizeW-rot on the stem. I shall watch the Doolittles. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE Ozone ESTHER KISNER The odor prevalent- about static electric ma- chines when in action, and to a slight extent in the air after a lightning stroke, was long known, but first described by Van Maruin in 1785, who noticed this same odor in the gas given off from the anode when acidulated water was subjected to electrolysis, and also from phosphorus when exposed to moist air. He also observed that air, when subjected to the action of a series of electrical sparks acquired this peculiar smell and the property of combin- ing with mercury at the ordinary temperature. A number of experiments from time to time with electricity and air went to confirm Van Marumls statements, butit was not understood. In 1840 Professor Schonbein of Basle turned his attention in this direction and noticed the same odor in the oxidation of other substances, especially turpentine. From the characteristic smell of this substance he named it from a Greek word meaning7 ttI emit an odor? Schon- bein pointed out that ozone is capable of oxidiz- ing many substances on which oxygen does not act at the ordinary temperature; that it oxi- dizes silver, mercury, charcoal, and iron with great energy at the ordinary temperature, and deeolorizes blue indigo and many other organic coloring matters. Ozone was first supposed to be a compound, but further investigation showed it to be only oxygen altered in its properties. This was proved by the complete transformation of oxygen containing ozone into ordinary oxygen by passing it through a tube heated to- 250 de- grees; and by the fact that pure oxygen at a low temperature gives ozone when electric sparks are passed through it. In the transformation of oxygen into ozone THE NORMAL ADVANCE 41 heat is absorbed, and in the transformation of ozone into oxygen heat is given off. Berthelot showed that 29,600 heat units corresponded to every forty-eight parts by weight of ozone. It has been found that ozone occurs in the air in the largest quantities only at a low temperature, and at 250 degrees it entirely dis- appears, forming oxygen. It is evident that the transformation of oxygen into ozone as a re- versible reaction has a limit when a state of equilibrium is reached between the products of the two opposite reactions, that the phenom- ena of this transformation accord with the phenomena of dissociation, and that a fall of temperature should aid the formation of a large quantity of ozone. Therefore ozone can best be prepared not by electric sparks, which raise the temperature, but by the employment of a continual discharge or flow of electricity7 the action of a silent discharge. Instruments called ozonizers of various constructions are used for preparing ozone in this way. They usually consist of sheets of metal, such as tinfoil or a solution of sulphuric acid mixed with chromie acid, separated by thin glass surfaces placed at short distances from each other, and between which the oxygen or air to be ozonized is in- troduced and subjected to the action of the silent discharge. One of the first, and still one of the best apparatuses for preparing ozone by means of a silent discharge was that of Babos. This kind may be used for ozonizing the air of hospitals for the purpose of disinfection. For preparing ozone by means of a silent discharge of electricity through air or oxygen a Siemens ozonizing tube is also employed. This consists of a glass tube covered with tin-foil, which is placed inside of a larger one covered on the out- erside with tinefoil. The outer and inner foil coatings are connected with the poles of an in- duction coil, the tension of which is about 13,000 volts, and the interruption from 200 to 300 per second, while a current of air or oxygen passes through. Ozone may be prepared in other ways. tll Ozone is evolved at the posi- tive pole in the electrolysis of water acidilied with sulphuric or chromie acids; Qt when oxygen is allowed to slowly oxidize in the air, or oxygen is passed over pieces of moist phos- phorus. This is best accomplished by stand- ing two or three sticks of phosphorus on end in a dish containing a shallow layer of water, so that they are about one-half immersed in the liquid. A stoppered bell-jar is then placed over the whole and very soon ozone may be detected by the appropriate tests; tBl by pass- ing oxygen over manganese dioxide Mn 02 or red lead Pbs 04, heated not above 400 de-' grees. When prepared by means of the Sie- mens tube, the quantity of ozone rarely exceeds six per cent. ; however, it may be obtained near- ly pure t86 per oentJ by cooling this mixture by means of boiling liquid oxygen, whereby the ozone condenses to an indigo-blue fluid which may be separated from the oxygen through the fact that it boils at a much lower temperature. Ozone boils at 119 degrees t7 60 111ml. Ozone may be detected by, tll a paper moistened with potassium iodide solution and starch paste turns blue when exposed to an atmosphere of ozone, the reaction being 2 K I+ H2O+30220+2KOH+QL Ozone is especially characterized by its action on patassium iodide. Other oxidizing agents, as chlorine, bromine, nitrogen dioxide, and hydrogen dioxide, also produce this reaction. Qt Paper impregnated with tincture of guiac and moistened with water turns blue. t3l The bright surface of silver is rapidly blackened by ozone at ordinary temperatures; no other oxidizing agent will produce this effect even at high temperatures. Ml Paper'moistened with a solution of tetra- methyl-diamidodiphenyl-methane in acetic acid gives a Violet with ozone, yellow with nitrogen dioxide, deep blue with chlorine or bromine, and no color with hydrogen dioxide. Ozone differs from oxygen in many respects. As has already been said it rapidly decolorizes indigo, litmus and many other dyes by oxidiz- ing them. It transforms lower oxides into higher, sulphurous anhydride into sulphuric, nitrous oxide into nitric, arsenious anhydride into arsenic anhydride. Oxygen does not act on potassium iodide, but ozone passed into a 42 THE NORMAL ADVANCE solution of potassium iodide liberates the io- dine, while the potassium is obtained as caustic potash which remains in solution. The presence of iodine can be detected by starch which iodine turns blue. Ozone is very unstable, it is con- verted into ordinary oxygen not only by heat but by long keeping, especially in the presence of alkalis, peroxide of manganese, chlorine, and also when it acts by oxidation. That ordinary oxygen and ozone, the same substance, appears in two states indicates that the properties of a substance and even of an element may vary without its composition vary- ing. Many such cases are known. Such cases of a chemical transformation which determines a difference in the properties of one and, the same element are termed cases of isomerism. The isomerism of elements is termed allotropy. The cause of isomerism has led to a number of experiments, which have resulted in important and very significant scientific knowledge. It is not so difIicult to understand the varianoe of a compound made up of the same elements, but to understand the wide variance in a simple element is a fact which lies far deeper. On what are the isomerism of ozone and oxygen, and the peculiarities of ozone depend- ent? On what besides the extra store of energy, which clearly expresses the peculiarities of ozone, rests the cause of its diiference from oxygen? These questions long occupied the minds of investigators and led to the most varied, exact and accurate researches. The fol- lowing research is given by Soret, in the itTransactions of the French Academy of Sciences for 1866: ' 1. ttOrdinary oxygen in changing into ozone under the action of electricity shows a diminu- tion of volume? Discovered by Andrews and Tait. 2. 4:111 acting on ozonized oxygen With po- tassium iodide and other substances capable of being oxidized, we destroy the ozone, but the volume of the gas remains unchanged? One- third of it is absorbed by the potassium iodide. Ozone is indefinitely dense. Andrews, Soret, von Babe, and others. 3. itBy the action of heat ozonized oxygen increases in volume, and is transformed into or- I dinary oxygen. This increase in volume cor- responds with the quantity of ozonized oxygen which is given up to the potassium iodide in its decomposition?7 tThe same observersJ 4. These unquestionable results lead to the conclusion that ozoneris denser than oxygen, and that in its oxidizing action it gives 011' that portion of its substance to which is due the increased density distinguishing it from ordi- nary oxygen. The volume and weight of ozone can not be found as that of oxygen or other gases, for it cannot be obtained in the pure state, but is mixed with oxygen. The process is the using some substance which will absorb the ozone and not the oxygen. A volume of ozone and oxygen is used, the ozone absorbed by potassium iodide and the decrease in vol- ume noted. Soret found two such sub- stances7 turpentine and oil of cinnamon. Ozone disappears in the presence of turpentine. This is accompanied by the appearance of a dense vapor, so dense that in a .14 liter vessel a direct solar ray cannot penetrate it. On measuring the volume before and after a decrease was noticed, and after the necessary corrections. were made for pressure, etc., Soret found by changing two Volumes of ozone to oxygen it in- creased by one volume making two volumes of ozone equal to three of oXygen. This was con- firmed by Ladenburg in 1900 by a modified method and direct weighing. Soretis observations and determinations showed that ozone is heavier than oxygen, be- cause it passes through fine orifices more slowly than pure oxygen, although lighter than ch10- rine it flows more rapidly through such orifices than chlorine. Ozone is one and one-half times denser than Oxygen, which is expressed by de- signating a molecule of oxygen 02 and of ozone 03. This forms a special case of isomerism called polymerism. This explains the chief dif- ference between ozone and oxygen and the cause of isomerism. In 1880 it was shOwn by Chappuis and 'Hautefenille that ozone being a THE NORMAL ADVANCE gas Which is denser than oxygen liquified much more easily, and therefore if ozonized air or oxygen is passed through a tube cooled by liquiiied air, the ozone is converted into a blue liquid of sp. gr. 1.46, which must be manipu- lated With extreme caution as it passes into or- dinary oxygen at the ordinary temperature With the evolution of heat and violent explosion due to the rapid increase in volume. Ozone is employed in industrial bleaching processes; for the destruction iof frisel oil in alcohol; for the cleansing of Wine and beer casks; and for the sterilization of water. It destroys the micro-organisms, ammonia, and nitrites present in contaminated water. It is used for aging wood for musical instruments, and also for purifying and Whitening starch and dextrin. That ozone exists in the air in different amounts, in different localities, at different times of the year, and under diEerent circum- stances has attracted the attention of observers, but the methods of determining are not ac- curate enough to obtain exact results. The air 43 generally contains a very small amount of ozone even at low temperatures. Some facts have been determined: that the amount of ozone in the atmosphere is subjected to variation; that the air of dwellings contains no ozone; that it disappears in oxidizing organic matter; in go- ing from the center of a city toward the country7 the ozone in the air increases; it is also more abundant in the spring than in the fall; this is Why the air in the country in the spring is purer; that the air of fields and forests always contains ozone tor peroxide 0f hydrogeny Which acts on iodized starch paper; that the amount of ozone increases after a storm, and that miasmata, etc., are destroyed by ozonizing the atmosphere It is very likely the oxidizing agent in fresh air and after storms contains a mixture of such oxidizing substances as ozone, peroxide of hydrogen, and the lower oxides of nitrogen tespecially nitrous acid and its am- menium salty products from the elements of the atmosphere by oxidation and by the action of electrical discharges. The highest compact we can make With our fellow is: Let there be truth between us for- evermoreelt is sublime to feel and say of an- other, I need never meet or speak or unite to him; we need not re-inforce ourselves, or send tokens of remembrance; I rely on him as on myself.eEmerson. 44 THE NORMAL ADVANCE II A Statement to the Readers of the Advance PRESIDENT PARSONS . ' The editor of the ADVANCE asks me to write a few words for the opening number of the paper for the year. I have no subject in mind at this time to discuss at length, but perhaps the students and friends of the school Will be interested in a few sentences touching the open- ing of and the outlook for the year. As usual, the school opened late in Septem- ber. Since the addition of the mid-spring and summer terms, the regular school year continues until the middle of August, and it seems best to defer the opening of the following year until such time as will allow us to complete a term of twelve weeks shortly before the Christmas vacation. As the school began its work in January, 1870, we usually speak of the first two terms, ending June, 1870, as the first year. COunting in this way, the institution has begun its forty- second year. During this period it has enrolled 40,000 diil'erent students, representing every county and township, and probably every school district in the State. Of this number about 2,400 have graduated. Of course, many persons have been present only one or a few terms, but a large proportion of this number have spent a year or more in the school. When it is remembered that most persons who come to the Normal School are preparing to make teaching a life work, it will be seen how large an influence the school has exerted upon the public school work of the State. It hardly seems too much to say that no other one influ- ence in Indiana has been so active and so potent in the public schools during the last forty years as has the educational thought and work of the State Normal School. Every effort is made and will continue to be put forth to study actual conditions in Indiana and to do everything pos- sible to adapt the work to the needs of the teachers of the State. The school adheres to its one purpose as defined by lawenamely7 the training of teachers for the public schools of Indiana. Facilities for the work have been greatly in- creased in recent years. In addition to the large central building originally constructed and the library building erected about fifteen years ago, we have in recent years added a large building devoted almost exclusively to the work of' the training school. The school includes all of the grades and a high school which maintains four years of standard high school work. Facilities for observation, study and practice in all grades of public school work are all that could be asked. Students prepar- ing to do primary or grade work are given the opportunity to observe and practice in the grades. Those preparing to teach in high schools have the opportunity to study and prac- tice in a well-ordered, well-equipped high school. A country school is also maintained for the use of such persons as may be prepar- ing to work in the schools of the rural districts. In all these schools there is the amplest equip- ment for workereferenee books, maps, Charts and materials of all kinds are supplied for do- ing the work in the most effective and educa- tive way. The equipment will be kept up and added to to meet the growing needs. The high school faculty consists of six train- ed, competent men and women. who give their entire time to teaching in the high school. The school also limits the number in attendance, so that its work Will not be burdened and crip- pled by unwieldy classes. The completion of'the new fire-proof library building some months ago marks the most noteWorthy addition to .the schools facilities for work of recent years. This building is ample in size, of great beauty in architecture and of perfect adaptation to its purposes. The THE NORMAL ADVANCE stack room will furnish space for more than 200,000 volumes, and there are already about 50,000 well-seleoted standard works on the shelves. Large additions are made every year. It is probable that about 3,000 standard vol- umes will be added during the coming school year. Several hundred of the leading maga- zines and periodicals are regularly supplied in the reading room, so that students have access to all the current literature of value that is available in English. The department of manual training has eX- panded very rapidly. The four very large, roOms in the basement of the training school building are now crowded to their utmost in the eifort to supply all the material and furnish everything needed for the work of this depart- ment. Perhaps the greatest need of the institu- tion just now is increased facilities for the in- dustrial work and manual training. Last year the athletic field on South Seven- teenth street was sold to the city of Terre Haute and a new field closer to the school pur- chased. The new field is only seven blocks away, and it has been improved and titted up in the most modern way for the use of the atu- dents in playing all kinds of games. The stu- dent-body is making very much use of this new field. It is within five minutes walk of the homes of most of the students. It contains 45 facilities for base ball, tennis, foot ball, and all other athletic sports. This will be maintained in good style and every opportunity oifered the students for the most healthful outdoor phys- ical exercise. The senior class promises to be the largest in the history of the school. Already there are about 110 enrolled and in attendance. It is probable that a sufficient number will come in during the year to swell the senior class to 150. Three years ago the Advanced or College Course for teachers was added. In the fall term of 1907, 34 students were enrolled; in the fall of 1908, 58 students; in the fall of 1909, 72, and in 1910, 75. It is evident that the addi- tion of this course meets the needs of a large number of students. It is noticed, also, that a larger proportion of persons taking this course are young men, the relative numbers being about equally divided between the sexes. The school will continue to issue its quarterly bulletin, which it will be glad to send to all alumni and former students and to any per- sons who may be interested to receive these. The school wishes to serve its graduates and undergraduates in every way possible. We hope, therefore, that all students and friends of the school will keep in the closest touch with its work, and in every way possible we shall be glad to respond to your wishes and needs. FROM ttPOEMS AND BALLADSW The morning drum-eall on my eager ear Thrills unforgotten yet; the morning dew Lies yet undried along my field of noon. But now I pause at whiles in what I do, And count the bell, and tremble lest I hear tMy work untrimmedi the sunset gun 1.00 80011. eRobert Louis Steoenson. 46 The Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF ERNEST L. WELBORN ---------------- Editor-in-Chief GROVER C. SUMMERS ............. - - Associate Editor MARGARET LAHEY ------------------ Literary Editor KATE V. BLACK ----------------- Society Editor ELZIE STEWART ................... Athletic Editor ADA TICHENOR ....... ; Local and Alumni Editors ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD ......... THIRZA C. PARKER . v Senior Editor ETHEL HYDE ..................... Junior Editor MARY ENLow ------------------- Sophomore Editor RAE A. GOLDMAN ............... College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST ................ Business Manager - MELVIN K. DAVIS ............... Advertising Manager CHARLES E. WALK --------- a - Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, Ex-Oyicio PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MISS SWIHART ELMER A. Row, C. 0., Secretary ................ ,11 HARRY HOWICK, ,12 KATHERINE LAFFERTY, ,13 Published monthly from October to June, inclusive. ......... $1.00 per Year 15 Cents 35 Cents Terms Single Copies . . - Commencement Number Address all communications to THE NORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute. Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. All alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Entered at the Terre Haute post 017icc as second class mail matter. Elsewhere in this issue appears a statement from President Parsons. This article was pre- pared for the October number, but through the editors fault it did not get into that issue. This article gives some facts about the op- portunities afforded by our school that few of us, perhaps7 think of as often as we should. We scarcely realize the cost of these opportun- ities, and often we fail to appreciate their full significance to us. It is every onels privilege to think he is attending one of the leading Normal schools in the United States, a technical school whose work is to prepare men and women for what many people consider the most important profession. THE NORMAL ADVANCE Dr. Colledgels lecture on Robert Louis Ste- venson probably aroused the interest of many in the novelistls work. Consequently we felt that some things from Stevenson would be appro- priate just now. This number contains a num- ber of short quotations. The little selection, tiA Prayer;7 embodies what seems to us to be the true spirit of Thanksgiving, which this month brings to us again. We wish to call attention to the article by Professor Stalker, which embodies the thought of two chapel talks that he delivered during the past month. There were three in the series, the third being Rudyard Kiplingls late poem7 ciIfW They were well received when they were delivered. It is our purpose to print some of the best things said in chapel. The chapel period is the common element of our school life, and we hope that we can represent it in each number of the ADVANCE. At a meeting of the City and Town Superin- tendentsl Association at Indianapolis, Nov. 4, a new method of apportionment of school funds to the counties was proposed. A bill embodying the new plan will be prepared and placed before the General Assembly for con- sideration. Furthermore, a bill is being draft- ed to provide for an Indiana state teacherls disability and retirement law. We feel that it is not our province to go into an explanation of these proposals, but we wish to advance the thought that the students of I. S. N. ought to follow this movement carefully. You ought to keep abreast of the times on all questions of public welfare, and especially on those questions that have to do with your own profession. The people will not support pro- posals that do not interest those whom it is supposed the change would benefit. It would be an evidence of professional spirit if every teacher in Indiana were. well informed on these questions. Certainly the students of I. S. N. should be leaders in this respect. THE NORMAL ADVANCE There is still room on our subscription record for the names of a few subscribersewe wont say how many. Again we urge the students to subscribe for the ADVANCE. It is maintained for the school, and it depends upon the support of the school for its existence. If you are al- Items of On Friday evening, NOV. 4, in Normal hail, Dr. Colledge gave the second of the series of lectures that is being offered under the auspices of the teachers of the Terre Haute public schools and 0f the State Normal School. His subject was ttRobert Louis Stevenson? He gave a clear analysis of this difficult subject. We can not give the whole scope of the lee- ture, but we wish to touch upon a few points. The lecturer dwelt upon Stevenson7s power of character description, some human and some not human. The author portrays the human propensity for fighting with great success in 4;The Master of Ballantreeft and ttTreasure Island? His best descriptions are found in his short stories like ctDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? The lecturer is a Scotchman, and he gave some readings that showed a mastery of the Scotch dialect. In ranking Stevenson as an author, Dr. Colledge said that considering the diiiieulties under which Stevenson wrete, his 47 ready a subscriber, use your influence with some friend to get him to subscribe. We quote the following from the Decaturian, ttDonit imagine that the copy reader, the proof reader 01' Providence will punctuate for you. Comment is unnecessary. Interest shortness of life7 and the nature of his writ- ings, we must call him a genius. He was the inspiration of a new school of Scottish writers, the chief representative of which is Barrie. The Society of Latin Teachers held their regular meeting at the Training school, Satur- day, November 5th. There are at present twelve 01' fourteen members who are teachers in the city or near it. The society usually makes an extended study of the writings of some one man. At present the members are reading Erasmus, in addition to presenting papers and discussions on subjects of special interest to Latin students. The meetings occur once each month. Dr. Dryer addressed the Sigma Xi scientific society of Indiana University, Nov. 10, on ttThe Ultimate Problem of Geography?7 THE TADPOLE AND THE FROG. ctBe ashamed of yourselff said the frog. ttVVhen I was a tadpole, I had no tail? CtJust what I thoughtPi said the tadpole. ttYou never were a tadpole? eRobert Lam's Stevenson. 4:8 THE NORMAL ADVANCE ATHLETICS BASKET BALL PRACTICE. This is the quiet season for athletics at I. S. N. The work of training the basket ball teams for the inter-class games still continues With good results. The games Will be played at the opening of the season immediately after Thanksgiving. The girls of the school, With Prof. Bailey as coach, have developed quite an interest in basket ball this year. A NEW IDEA IN ATHLETICS. A change has gradually come about in the nature of I. S. N. athletics. Up to the present time in the athletic department, almost all of the emphasis has been plaoed upon the 3Varsity men of the foot ball, the basket ball, or the base ball squads, respectively7 during the sea- sons of those sports. Thus the 7Varsity men have received most of .the training and physi- cal culture. A change is now being wrought. The jVar- sity men Will still receive honor due, but not to the entire exclusion of others. The individual student is beginning to receive, and in the fu- ture Will receive, still more attention along the line of physical development. This is as it should be. We are a school Whose avowed purpose is the training of teach- ers. In educational circles the relation of phy- sical to mental development has been demon- strated. If the teacher is to fill his place prop- erly, and do his Whole duty by his pupils, he must not only be able to teach them how to de- velop themselves, but he must also be well de- veloped himself. If he attains excellence in these lines. I. S. N. must teach him how to do it and give him an opportunity to develop properly. In the future the athletic field Will be used by the tennis players, the base ball teams, and all Who participate in general athletics. The idea of general athletics as a unit is somewhat new, but it is taking definite form and gaining strength, not only at I. S. N., but also throughtout the entire State in various as- sociations and high schools. FROM THE thABLES,l--THE PENITENT A man met a lad weeping. weep forW he asked. gWhat do you ctI am weeping for my sins;7 said the lad. The next day they met,again. the lad was weeping. now ??l asked the man. Once more 44Why do you weep til am weeping because I have nothing to eat? said the lad. til . thought it would come to thatf, said the man. e-Eobert Louis Stevenson. THE NORMALiADVANCE 49 Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. Y. M. 0. A. The short length of time permitted only three meetings of this Association this month. These three, however, were extremely interesting and helpful. The first meeting was conducted by the presi- dent, Mr. Grants. At this meeting Rev. Dutcher gave a heart to heart talk to the boys, which appealed to them very much. Rev. Smith of the Centenary M. E. church, addressed the boys at the second meeting on the subject of, ttAthleticsfl taking for his text, gtExercise thyself unto Godlinessfl He broad- ened his text by showing that we should exer- cise ourselvesetspeaking to teachersi, first unto physical development; second, unto ability to teach; third, unto Godliness. He showed that the new idea of an ideal was the idea of the symmetrical one developed intellectually physically and, ttbroadly, deeply, highly, spirit- ually? He said that the athletic figure of ttFight the good fight7l meant to make the issue on the battle field of our own hearts as well as in the outside world. Although a number of the boys were away from school on account of the election, the meeting of Nov. 8 was well attended. D1 . Rettger talked to the students on the subject of, ttThe Scholar in Politics? He showed that more and more the scholar will go to the polls to record his choice of candidates and that it was the scholar who did not have a political ax to grind who would take an independent stand. His higher View of this subject awakened a higher resolve in every one present and was a call to the highest and best that could be brought out. a The plan for the meetings of the remainder of the term has been made and a series of speakers arranged for that is unusually good. Every man in school will find the hour of each week spent here one of his most helpful. The meetings to be held weekly the re- mainder 0f the term are as follows: NOV. 15elVIenls Meeting. Nov. QQeMr. House. NOV. QQeReV. Dunlavy. Dec; GeProf. McBeth. Dee. 13eMenls Meeting. Dec. QOeReV. Richmond. Y. IV. 0.11. The weekly meetings of the Association are growing in attendance and interest. On Octo- ber 15 Miss Minnie VVissing led the meeting and gave a very interesting talk on the history of the Young VVomenls Christian Association. Miss Grace Love sang in a pleasing manner the tcRecessionalFl At the meeting, November 1, Miss Myrtle Scott gave a very helpful talk on the subject, 4Studying Our Bible? Miss Juliette Smith, matron of the Critten- ton Home, addressed the members of the As- sociation, November 8. The subject for her talk was the history of the Home and the work it is doing. On November 15, Professor Charman talked on the life of Charles Crittenton, who is the founder of the Crittenton Home. Since Pro- fessor Charman knew Mr. Crittenton, his talk was more interesting and Vivid. A mission study class has been organized by members of the Blission department. Meetings are held every Thursday afternoon at the Nor- mal Y. W. C. A. House, 428 North Center street. At the first meeting, seven members v were present and at the second meeting this number had raised to ten. lVII's. J. J. Schlieher was chosen leader. fested in the subject, ttAliens or Americans? Quite an interest is mani- 50 THE NORMAL ADVANCE , THE CLASSES COLLEGE COURSE. The second meeting was held October 27, at 3:30. The committee chosen to arrange this meeting were Mr. Brinton, Miss Stubbs, Miss Wehr, Miss McBeth, and Mr. Byers. Instead of the usual meeting, a Hallowelen party was held in the faculty room. The room was artis- tically decorated in orange and black, the dec- orations being in the form of black cats, bats, and weird witches. Each person read his fate from a peanut, had his palm read by the skilled palmist, Miss Stubbs, and consulted 0338311375 ghost at the head of the winding stairs. Ap- propriate Halloweien refreshments were served. Several of the members of the faculty were guests. JUNIOR. A mistake was made in the last number of the ADVANCE concerning the J unior oflicers. In- stead of Mr. Thompson, Miss Lowe was elected secretary. Mr. Thompson was elected treas- lirer. SENIOR. The first regular meeting of the Seniors was held October 21. The following program was rendered: Piano Duet ....... Misses Peters and Orebaugh Reading ...................... Miss Shirley lVIale Quartet; Messrs. Stewart, Pfingst, Clayton, Youngblood. The second meeting was held November 4. In order to avoid a conflict with the lecture de- livered on that date, the program began at 7 07clock. Piano Dnet ..... Misses Carr and Broadhurst Reading ..................... Miss Gillespie V0031 Duet ..... The Misses Lane and Wagner Oratorical and Literary OrganiZations THE OBATOBIOAL LEAGUE. Since the last issue of the ADVANCE, the Oratorical and Debating League has held its annual election of oflicers. The result of the election is as follows: President, Ernest Wel- born; Vice-president, A. S. Byers; secretary, Kate Black; treasurer, Wm. Tennell. .Several changes in the constitution will shortly be proposed, one of them being the change in date of the first meeting of the League in the fall, for the election of officers. The constitution at present calls for the elec- tion upon the second Tuesday of the fall term. It is impossible for the various organizations of the school to elect their representatives by that time. As it is desirable for the League to have every organization of the school interested in the choice of oHicers, a later date will be of advantage. The preliminary debate for the selection of debaters to represent the Indiana Normal against the teams from Oshkosh and Normal, Illinois, will be held on Jan. 14th. Already a number have signified their intention to com- pete in that event. It is desirable that each of the societies have some personal representatives, as was the case last year. The first steps looking toward the annual debate between the Alethenai and Philoma- theon societies have been taken and in several days the subject will have been decided. Both societies are deeply interested in the outcome, and a lively debate is assured. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 51. FORUM. The members of the Forum held their an- nual fall banquet at a country residence north of Ellsworth, Saturday evening, NOV. 5th. The guests were the Misses Forbes, Hanley, Wood, Rucker, J ames, Andrew, Ferree, Pfaii'enberger, Miss Burba 0f Vincennes, and. Mr. J . A. Wood of Tunnelton. Prof. E. E. Ciippenger and Miss Minturn acted as chaperones for the even- ing. The members of the Forum who were pres- ent were Messrs. Curry, Troth, Gifford, Saud- der, Davis, Thompson, J ared, and Asher. ALETHENAI. The Alethenai Literary Society is beginning the year with very helpful programs. Every Tuesday the members meet in Professor Stalk- eris room for an hours discussion of live sub- jects. Such subjects as Christian Science, :50- ciology, Evolution, Current Events, the Short- story, Portuguese Uprisings, and other current subjects are bing discussed by different mem- bers of the society. Tuesday, November 15, the program will be as follows: The Short Story .............. Kate V. Black Current Literature ............. Lydia Grabbe Christian Science .............. Miss Kehrer Up-to-Date Politics ............ Georgia Cole DAEDALIAN. The Daedalians have begun a years work with all prospects for benefits and interest. Not many of the 01d members are in school, but the society has received some new members who have ability and who manifest great in- terest in its work. Mr. Mitchell, Mr. Young- blood, and Mr. Swaidner are the new members. The society has received visits from three of its former members. The meetings of the society are held in the Literary room on Saturday morning of each week. Debating is a promin- ent feature of the work. One debate has already been held, and two more are announced. The society has not been able to locate all of its last year,s members who are not in school. Waldo Mitchell is teaching Latin, geometry, and history at Cory, Ind. E. M. Servies is teaching Latin and English at Advance7 Ind. G. R. Sharp is principal of the high school in Smith Centre, Kas. He teaches physics, mathe- matics and history. L. C. Campbell is at Vincennes, Ind. T. G. Parker is at Kentland, Ind. Mr. Horrell is in Indiana University. H. C. Martin is at Versailles, Ind. K. A. Shanner is at Princeton, Ind. Leroy Hunter is teaching grades seven and eight at Flora, Ind. In Memory of Howard L. Noggle. Howard L. Noggle, of Anderson, Ind., met his death while bathing in Christie Lake, Mich, August 10, 1910. His death was at- tributed to heart failure brought on by the coldness of the water. The body was soon re- covered and brought to Anderson by a brother. Interment was made there. . Mr. Noggle was a bright young fellow, a conscientious student, and a true friend. After completing the high school work he came to the Indiana State Normal. During his junior year he went to the University of Michigan where he was a senior at the time of his death. Mr. Noggle was a Charter member of the Daedalian Literary Society and its first secre- tary. His brother Daedalians deeply mourn his untimely death. OIOERONIAN. The Ciceronian Debating Society is doing very good work this year. The members are thoroughly interested in the work; this is re- sulting in good and interesting debates. Two new members, Mr. Haney and Mr. Cary, have been added this year. They are proving to be very able men in debating work. The society is pleased to have two such promising men in its ranks. 52 a Mr. Cullins, an associate member, Visited the society in its meeting, October 27. Mr. Cul- lins is now a prosperous farmer in the northern part of this state. He owns a large and very productive farm. He graduated from the State Normal in 1908. While in school he was a very enthusiastic Ciceronian. Since leaving school he has kept in Close touch With the Society, and at present is as much a Ciceronian as ever. He gave a very interesting and beneficial talk. THE ST. THOMAS AQUINAS CLUB The St. Thomas Aquinas Club is composed of all the Catholic students of the school. The THE NORMAL ADVANCE purpose of this club is to bring its members into relations of mutual helpfulness and co- operation in the study of the Catholic church as to its doctrines, ceremonials, and history, and such other subj ects as are by nature related to the church. The club re-organized for the fall term7 Friday, October 14.' It meets every Friday in the Association rooms at 3 :80. Very interesting programs have been given and are planned for the remaining part of the term. Miss Welte has been elected president and Miss Flaherty secretary and treasurer. All Catholic students of the school are invited to join the club. THE CITIZEN AND THE TRAVELLER. ttLook round you? said the Citizen. ttThis is the largest market in the world? ctOh,sure1y not ,i said the traveller. ccWell, peihaps not the laigest, ttI can tell you citizen. said the :k :k :1: In They buried the stranger at the dusk. eBobmt Louis Stevenson. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 53 SOCIETY ATHLETA. The Athleta Sorority has formed a social and needlework club. The club will hold regular weekly meetings. The first meeting was held on November 9 at 1434 Chestnut street. A hot luncheon was served at the close of a pleasant social evening. The members present were the Misses Hattie Cutshall, Wilson, Champe, Alberta Harstine, Marie Rucker, Edith Brunker, Edith Samuels, Flora Saupert, Edna Fisher, Ida Irminger, Elizabeth Kadel, and Stella Doerschuck. GAMMA GAMMA. Gamma Gamma initiation was held at Ruth Hopewellis home on Saturday afternoon, Oct. 22, The candidates were Zillah Stephens, Bertha Phillips, Mary Carrithers and Mary Rose. Mr. and Mrs. Allyn G. Adams entertained with a novel Halloween party Saturday even- ing, having as guests of honor the members of the Gamma Gamma section of the State Normal and a few of their friends. The entire house was decorated with Hallowden emblems, and a number of novel surprises were features of the evening. The principal diversion was dancing, and after the guests had all assembled they ad- journed t0 ttRosebud Reservationf, where the re- mainder 0f the evening was spent. Miss Hill furnished the music for an interesting program Of dances. During the intermission Halloweten refreshments, consisting of cider and dough- nuts were served. Besides Mr. and Mrs. Adams the young peo- ple were chaperoned by Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Knipmeyer, Dr. and Mrs. L. J . Rettger, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Cunningham, Dr. and Mrs. E. S. Johonnott, and Miss Vognild. MYOSOTIS. Miss. Cecilia Black entertained the Myosotis girls and some of their friends with a Hal- lowe,en party, on the evening of October 29, at her home in Kent avenue. The guests were fancy costumes and masks, and were met at the door by three ghosts. The house was dimly lighted by jack-otlanterns and Japanese lan- terns, and was effectively decorated with autumn leaves and cornstalks. Innumerable bats, witches, and black cats were suspended from the ceiling. The evening was spent in playing Halloween games and tricks, and in roasting chestnuts and marshmallows before the fire-place. Later, an elaborate luncheon of ttHaHoweien specialtiesii was served. The guests were the Misses Olive Johnson, Belva McCorkIe, Stella Albright, F ern Garen, Cora- del Wade, Letitia F erree, Lanora and Minnie Rollings, Esther Neukom, Mary MCBeth, Helen Sale, Nellie Waller, Mabel Lewis, Norma Fail- ing, and Ada Tichenor, and Messrs. Crowe, Howick, Clogston, Stark, Black, J ared, Byers, Long, Volkers, Hubbard, Evans, Hall, Madi- son, and Buckner. OMEGA. The Omega Section organized for the year with Miss Ina .Pocock as leader. The members in school are: The Misses Iva McLaren, Kath- erine Donnovan, Florence Hixen, Ina Pocock, Mildred Flaherty, Flora Pfaffenberger, Ethel Casey, and Whilma Gayner. A social meeting was held at the home of Miss Mildred Flaherty, October 13. The guests were the Misses Rose Gillespie, Mary Dunlap, Tillie Van Tolga, Emma Dumeshiser, and Dorothy Gayner. Music and games formed the amusements of the afternoon. 54 THE NORMAL ADVANCE On Saturday evening, October 29, the Omega Section was entertained by Miss Margaret Kil- roy at her home on North Twelfth street. The house was appropriately decorated for Hal- lowelen frolies. The evening was spent in games and contests. The girls appeared in cos- tumes representing some character. The boys derived a great deal of amusement in guessing what character each represented. Mr. Mahan and Mr. Bowles guessed all correctly. The guests were served delicious refreshments in the artistically decorated dining room. Those pres- ent were the Misses Mary and Mildred Flaherty, Florence Hixen, Ina Poeock, Katherine Don- novan, Margaret Kilroy, Burdina Bennett, Edna Loyd, Flora Pfaffenberger, and the Messrs. Thompson, Shaw, McClouel7 Elliot, Mahan, Concanna, Bowles, Hanley, and Nu- gent. Miss Baily and Prof. White of Rose Poly, were the guests of honor. The initiation of new members will be held . at the home of Miss Katherine Donnovan Sat- urday, November 12. The new members are the Misses Emma Dumeshiser, Tillie Von Tolga, Mary Dunlap, and Dorothy Gayner. LLAMAEADA. The Llamarada girls celebrated Hallowelen in a unique manner on the evening of October 28, by having a large bonfire at the country home of the Misses Nantz, seven miles east of the city. Marshmallows were toasted, and wieners and chestnuts roasted. Buttered rolls and pumpkin pie were served, and apples in which fortunes were cleverly secreted, were passed. Everyone enjoyed the odd entertain- ment very much. Professor and Mrs. Roscoe Hyde chaperoned the party. The members present were Misses Haziel Woollen, Mercedes Penna, Marguette Sevengle, Gertrude McComb, Anna Forbes, Zeta Caughlin, Margaret Lahey, and Orpha Cole 0f Odon. They had as their guests Messrs. Lee Troth, Scott J Ohnson, Louis Rhinhard, Herbert Monninger, Arthur Collins, Barney Hammond, John Baumunk, of Brazil, and Herman Modesitt, of Atherton. On Saturday, November 6, the chapter formed a theater party to see George Adels ttJust Out Of College? PHI SIGZWA TAU. Miss Leone Kenton has returned from a Visit at her home in Shelbyville. Miss Verna Humphreys spent the week rend- ing November 4 as the guest of Miss Nelle Yokum of Brazil, Indiana. 011 Sunday afternoon, November 13, the members of the sorority will form a kodak party to Fern Dell, east of the city. On the return to the city the members will enjoy a luncheon at the Rose Pharmacy. One of the most enjoyable functions of the sorority was the Juvenile party, held at the home of Miss Grace Lowe, Saturday evening, November 12. The members came in 4cthe garb of their childhood days?9 After performing many clever antics, the members enjoyed an elaborate indoor picnic supper. The guests of the sorority were Miss Gladys Davies and Miss Lewis of the City Y. W. C. A. The members present were the Misses Fern McFarland, Verna Humphries, Emma Dean Wright, Dolle Barracks, Jennie Edison, Leone Kenton, Nelle Mahley, May Groff, Claudia Miller, and Grace Lowe. PI ZETA. Mrs. George Carr entertained the members of the Sorority at her home in West Terre Haute, Friday evening, October 27. The second degree of initiation was given to Hazel B. Neal, Hazel Neill, Nina Davidson, and Thirza Parker. After the initiatory work had been completed, a delightful luncheon was served, followed by a marshmallow toast. The other members present were the Misses Kate V. Black, Ethel Carr, Helen Helt, Georgia Cole, Louise Harris, and Nell Broadhurst. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 55 PSI THETA. A novel Halloweten party was given by the Psi Theta chapter on Friday evening, October 28, at the home of Miss Blanche H. J ohnson, 2002 North Eleventh street. The entire house was elaborately decorated with autumn leaves, golden rod, and fodder, and lighted by the bright faces from the num- erous jack-b-lanterns. One corner of the liv- ing room was converted into an Indian hut for the fortune teller, Madame Aralle. Various diversions were enjoyed, the most interesting being fortune telling, marshmallow - toast, and pinning the heart on the initials of the heartless pumpkin. Prizes were awarded Madge OtHaven and Sherman Fitzpatrick. Refreshments, consisting of a three-course luncheon appropriate to Halloweten, were served in the dining room. A ghost received the following guests at the door: Misses Edna Campbell, Irba Hinkson, Ethel Hyde, Edna Newman, Blanche Royer, Louise Peters, Nelle Flesher, Madge OTIaven, Blanche Johnson, and Messrs. Woody, 0f Muncie, Thompson, Mitchell, Ransford, Dome, McCloud, Johnson, and Sherman Fitzpatrick, of Indianapolis. Miss Bailey of the Normal Faculty, and Prof. White of the Rose Polytechnic, acted as chaperons. The regular meeting of the chapter was held Saturday afternoon, Nov. 4th, with Irba Hink- son. The afternoon was spent in needlework, after which delightful refreshments were served. ZETA ZETA. The Zeta Zeta Chapter has organized for the fall term with the following Oiiicers: Leader, Katharine Rogers; secretary, Mary Howell; treasurer, Patience McKey. The active members are the Misses Katharine Rogers7 Margaret Miller, Thirza VVehr, Naomi Rowe, Patience McKey7 Mary Byrne, Helen Ptietfer, Lillian Johnson, Adela Werner, and Mary Howell. On Friday evening, October 28, a Hallowden masquerade party was given at the home of Patience McKey. All the members were mas- qued to represent some Hallowebn character. The first number on the program was a walk through a corn field. On returning the re- mainder 0f the evening was spent in playing various games. A photograph was taken of the guests. Dr. Rhodes amused the company by telling their fortunes. Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Bruce were the chaperones for the evening. Those present were the members of the Chapter and the Messrs. Stewart, Youngblood, Han- ning, Bowles, Binford, Jared, Denman, A1- bright, McKey, and Dr. Rhodes. It is not for you to waste your time in useless speculation as to the unknowable source of your life-stream, or in seeking to trace it to the ocean. It is enough for you that it is, and that, while it runs its brief course, it is yours to make it yield its blessings. For this you must train your hand and eye and brain-you must be in life a fishermaneHaroZd Bell Wright. THE NORMAL ADVANCE LOCAL and ALUMNI Esther Neukom Visited in 'Vincennes Satur- day and Sunday, Nov. 5 and 6. Grace Burba, Who is teaching in Vincennes, spent NOV. 5 and 6 With Anne Forbes. D. R. Henry, superintendent of the Perrys- Ville High school, spent Saturday, Nov. 5, in Terre Haute. Miss Lucile Freund spent the week end, Nov. 5 and 6, at her home in Vincennes. Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Crawford were at I. S. N. Oct. 29. Belva McCorkle entertained her friend, Hazel Kinkaid 0f Thorntown, Nov. 4: t0 6. Annalee Shortridge has charge of the his- tory work in the high school at Matthews, Ind. Edith Owen of Marshall, IDOL, Visited Olive J ohnson, NOV. 5. Grace Rust7 708, is attending school at the University of Illinois. Wendell George, Who is teaching in the- Guthrie schools, Visited in Terre Haute, Nov. 5 and 6. Ida Stallings is teaching in the Bedford High school. J . J. Hufford, ,10, called at Normal Nov. 7. Mr. Hufford has charge of science and mathe- matics in the Odon High school. Orpha Cole7 HO, has charge of the Latin, drawing and music in the high school at Odon, Ind. Hazel Davis, Who is teaching science and his- tory at Montezuma, was visiting Normal, Sat- urday, Nov. 5. Stella Harmon gave up her work here to take a position at Elnora, Ind. Mabel Lovett, 07, is teaching at Kendall- ville. C. 0. Thompson went to his home, Hartford City, to vote, NOV. 8. Milton Nugent went home to vote and re- turned by way of Vincennes. J ack C.- Sharpe of Texas, visited his cousin, Georgia Cole, Oct. 24 to 30. J ohn Moreland, 710, is teaching at Bridgway, Parke county. Mr. Cecil Kibby, a College J unior, is prin- . cipal of the high school at Dana, Ind. Miss Miriam Merchant is teaching at New- port. Misses Harrington, 710, Losch, 10, and J ones, 10, are teaching at Clinton, Ind. Mr. Chas. E.'MCClure, 10, is superintendent at Newport, Ind. He visited us October 29. Helen Ross, C. C. ,10, is teaching Latin and English in the West Terre Haute High school. Miss Orpha Cole Visited friends at I. S. N. I Oct. 27. Miss Elizabeth Roman, a graduate of I. S. N., ' is now teaching at Comus, Oregon. Miss Lula Strickler, ,10, left Oct. 22 to teach in the highvschool at Elnora. Miss Belvia Cuzort, 10, is teaching at Eng- lish. Mr. Clarence Crawford Visited at I. S. N., Oct. 29. He is teaching at Clay City. Mr. J ohn Moreland visited at I. S. N., Oct. 29. t Mr. Sullivan, a graduate of I. S. N., Visited here Oct. 29. Miss Behrens, 709, is teaching English in the Huntingburg High school. Miss Mayme Nicholson has Withdrawn from I. S. N. to teach at Newton,.Ind. A. R. Neyhouse visited friends at I. S. N. Oct. 29. He is teaching in the grammar grades at Poseyville, Ind. Ernest Unverferth, 0f Rockville, Visited at I. S. N., Oct. 30. THE NORMAL ADVANCE I Jesse Wood, Who is teaching mathe- matics and science at Tunnelton, Ind., was in Terre Haute, NOV. 4, 5 and 6. Mr. Ernest Childress was in Terre Haute, NOV. 8. He is teaching 7th and 8th grades at Carlisle. , Ralph Shields, 21 student of last year, was at I. S. N., Nov. 7. N 0 ! No suns-no moon! N0 m0rn-no noon- . N0 dawne-no dusk-no proper time of day- No sky-no earthy View;- No distance looking bluee N0 roadeno streets-no cctiother side the way---,, No end to any ROW- No indications Where the Crescents gos N0 top to any steeplee N0 recognitions of familiar peoplee N0 courtesies for showing Iem- N0 knowing 7am! No traveling at alleno locomotion, N0 inkling of the wayeno m0ti0n- ttNo gdL-by land 01' oceane N0 mai1-n0 poste No news from any foreign coaste N0 parkeno rinano afternoon gentilitye N0 companyeno nobilitye N0 warmth, n0 'cheerfulness, n0 healthful ease, N0 comfortable feel in any membere N0 shade, n0 shine, n0 butterflies, 110 bees, 57 Miss Lida Clarke, Who is teaching at Indi- anapolis, visited her sister at I. S. N., Oct. 29. Mr. T. G. Parker, Who is teaching at Kent- land, was at I. S. N., Nov. 8. Mr. Monroe Melton is superintendent of the English High school. He Will return to I. S; N. the spring term to graduate. N0 fruits, n0 flowers, n0 leaves, no birds, November I e-Thomas Hood. AERONA UTIUALITIES. A fiy, young man, doesnit necessarily make a good aeronaut. Its a sore disappointment to an airship in- ventor not to be able to soar. The proper season for airship experiments is, of course, fly time. If a sailor is called a sea dog, is a man WhO sails the air atsky-terrier? AIfamous aviator declares that aviation is sure death if you stick at it. Well, for that matter, life is sure death if you stick at it. I shot an aero in the air. It fell to earth, I know not Wheres But bandaged head to foot, I learned When consciousness to me returned. eWashz'ngton Transcript. Where is the heart that doth not keep, Within its inmost core, Some fond remembrance hidden deep, Of days that are no more? --Ellen 0'. Howarth. 58 THE NORMAL ADVANCE EXCHANGES Son-JtPa, what is the rest of that quotation beginning, iTruth is mighty-J W7 PaattScarce, I reekonW-eEw. BrutusettHello Caesar, how many eggs did you eat for breakfastW CaesarettEt tu BruteWeEm. Studentetgl got a zero in English this morn- ing. Other StudentettThatjs nothing? StudentettVVhatis nothingw Other Student-JtA zeroWeEw. When youire foolin, in the library, An7 huvina lots 07 fun A laughini ani a-gibberin, As if your time had come, Youjd better watch your courses Ani keep kinder lookin, out, Er the librarianill get you Ef you donit watch outeEw. They were about to part. ttBy the way, old many said the tall one, gtwhen you are down my way peek in some time? WWhere are you livingW asked the shorter one. ttVVhy, Pekin, Ill.7a CtH,m! Getting to be a wit in your old days? Well, when you are down my way drop in and have a bite? ttWhere are you locatedw ctSandwich, IllfL-Ew. BEFORE EXAMS. Lord, God of Hosts7 be with us yet, Lest we forget. Lest we forgeteEac. HostesseWhy, Prof., didnt you bring your wife alongW Prof.-There, I knew Iid forgotten some- thingeEw. TeachereWhat does a Soph say when a teacher asks him a question? F reshieeDonit know. TeachereCOrrect.eEw. TeacheerVhy did Hannibal cross the Alps, my little man? JohnwFor the same reason that the hen crossed the road. You donit catch me on no puzzles.eEw. English TeachereW'hat is your aim in theme writing? SopheBottom of the pageeEw. PRO VERBS. itA good answer turneth away zero? ccAn answer in time saves nine tor 10W, ttAn answer in the head is worth two in the book? ccAbsence makes the work grow poorerli, eEw. OH! YOU SENIOR GIRLS. SheettVVhat is a peachfw HeettAnyone with a heart of stone and a complexion that will rub offfieEm. What is the new disease? Chicago 1V etoseFlyphoid fever. London T imeswAeronitis. W ashington Poste-Balloonacy. THE NORMAL ADVANCE W A FRESHMAZV,6v FIRST ATTEMPT AT VERSIFYING. aTis midnight and the setting sun Is rising in the glorious west. The rapid rivers slowly run, The frog is on his downy nest. The pensive goat and Sportive cow Hilarious, leaps from bough to bougheEw. HAD IT RIGHT. Tarriere-Pwhat fer is thim dagoes so all- fired mad about, I donno? ForemaneThatts it. TarrierePWhats it? Foreman-eThey7re all fired. -0Zevelcmd Leader. ttThe rain it raineth every day Upon the just and unjust fellow, But mostly on the just, because The unjust takes the justts umbrellmeEx. Little marks in studies Zeros long or fat, Each twelve weeks makes us sit up And wonder where we7re at-Ew. 59 A Law in Physics tverified by several stu- dents in LabQ : ctThe deportment of the pupil varies inverse- ly as the square of the distance from the teach- er s desk. ReEm. Principal of SchoolettNow, little boys, if there is anything you would like to know about history or grammar, or anything, please ask me?7 Theophrastus BolinskiettPlease, sir, if you wuz in water up to your neck and I threw a stone at your head, would you duongDeca- tum'cm. Laugh, and the teacher laughs With you, Laugh, and you laugh alone; First, when the joke is the teachefs Second, When the joke is your own. e-Bedfoml Comet. TeacherettLong Island is bounded on the north by Long Island Sound, and on the south by the Atlantic Oceani7 FreshmanettYep! On the south you see the sea, and on the north you hear the sound? --Em. NQRMALB BQQK STQRE CORNER SIXTH AND CHERRY STREETS. TERRE HAUTE, IN A full line of NORMAL PENNANTS also Penngnts of Other Schools and Colleges. NORMAL PINS, WATCH FOBS AND TEXT BOOKS AND ALL OTHER SCHOOL SUPPLIES. 60 THE NORMAL ADVANCE IF IT,S USED IN THE NORMAL, You Can Get It At the ORBIELSUPPLYCO. 112-114 NORTH SIXTH STREET South of the Normal School on the OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE STREET The One Book Store for the Normal Student. We also have the largest stock of NORMAL PENNANTS, PIL- LOWS and SCHOOL PINS in the state and our prices are the 10w'est. ALWAYSVWELCOME THE ewe NORMAL ADVANBE Moore-Langen Printing Co. IWI Printers, Binders You Need It Blank Book Manufacturers we need Your Subscription PUBLISHERS 1 SEND US YDUR NAME AND ADDRESS NOW Ant! Get the SIMPLETE Volume NINE ISSUES ONLY N.IQ A YEAR No. 21 North Sixth Street TERRE HAUTE. IND. 30th Phones 64 THE NQRMAL ADVANCE VOLUME XVI. TERRE HAUTE, IND, DECEMBER, 1910. NUMBER 3. 05132 $tar at ?Eetblehem When marshaltd on the nightly plain, The glittering host bestud the sky; One star alone, of all the train, Can flx the sinnehs wandering eye. Hark! hark! to God the chorus breaks, From every host, from every gem; But one alone the Saviour speaks, It is the star of Bethlehem. Once on a raging sea I rode, The storm was loudethe night was darke The ocean yawntd,e and rudely blowtd The wind that tossed my foundering bark. Deep horror then my Vitals froze Death-struck, I ceased the tide to stem ; When suddenly a star arose, ' It was the star of Bethlehem. It was my guide, my light, my all, It bade my dark forebodings cease; And through the storm and dangefs thrall, It led me to the port of peace. Now safely moored e my perils oter, I'll sing, hrst in nightts diadem, Forever and for evermore. The star lethe star of Bethlehem! - Henry Kirk White 62 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Symbols of Christmas JESSIE KASSING As Christmas comes year after year, we cele- brate in much the same way. There is the usual exchange of gifts, and pleasant greetings. The fir is brought in to serve as Christmas tree; our homes are festooned with bells, holly, and mis- tletoe, while at church, sweet carols are a pleas- ing feature of this day, mingled with mirth and reverence. . All these and many other symbols of the festival have become so deeply rooted in our lives that we accept them all, as a matter of course, without stopping to inquire their origin or meaning. It is certainly true that the early galadays kept in commemoration of this event, Christ,s birth, were not as rich in symbolic emblems as ours today. These have been assimilated from the lives of the different people who came in contact with Christianity. The Ancients caiu ried on their pagan rites with great elaborate- ness. They thought too much of these services to give them up, and so we find remnants of the Druidic customs, as well as those of other coun- tries, in our Christmas Day. The Druids made much of the holly and mistletoe. Their shrines were all decorated at certain seasons with these berries, and a great deal of ceremony attended the cutting and placing of the mistletoe. rThere was a charm about this, for it was supposed to keep witches away. In England the Yule Log has been very prominent in Christmas Eve celebrations, but the custom did not originate in England. In the northern countries of Europe where the god Thor was worshipped, great fires were built at this season in his honor. The Yule Log was used to kindle these fires. It was very easy for this relic of paganism to be transplanted to England, where for centuries it has added to the fun and merrymaking. The banquet which grew out of the old-time feasts for the gods and goddesses seems to have reached its height in England. We find from the early English poetry that there was an end- less variety of good things on the tables. For a time it appeared as though the feast was made the characteristic feature of the day. If oaths were taken on Christmas, swords were drawn over a roasted peacock and the words, t4By Cock and Pie? were used to make the promise binding. The Germans contributed the Christmas tree for our pleasure on this day. There are various beautiful stories telling how the hr was raised to this honored position as a feature of Christ- mas. Some say that the Christmas treeldates from Luther7s time, while others place it farther back. From a neighboring country, Holland, the patron saint of the day, Santa Claus, made his appearance. Wherever- Christmas has gone, this Spirit of Gift Giving has followed to brighten and cheer the childrenis lives. Other ancient Christmas customs were taken from the Roman feasts to Saturn and Bacchus. From these came perhaps the more riotous fea- tures that were prominent at an early period. However, this idea was done away with by those who really wished to remember Christmas as the birthday of the Savior. Thus it is that the remnants left of the old time customs have been freed from all that was offensive and Christmas stands as a day iilled with solemnity as well as gaiety. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 63 The Founding of the iiNormal Advancet WILLIAM O. LYNCH, 96 The honor of establishing the ADVANCE be- longs to the class of 1896. Early in the fall term of1895, the project began to be discussed by upper-class students, though to whom the credit of making the first suggestion is due, I am unable to learn. The students interested in the new plan, having received the approval and encouragement of the faculty, brought the matter formally before the classes of the school. All the classes acted favorably, and definite ar- rangements were soon made for the publication of a school paper. The management of the magazine was placed in the hands of a Board of Control, a body con- stituted as at present. The chairman of the hrst board was Mr. W. V. Mangrum, 696. Mr. J . Howard Wagner7 ,96, was chosen editor-in- chief, and the success of the ADVANCE during its first year was largely due to his efficiency and enthusiasm. While it was not his intention at that time to enter permanently the field of journalism, it is of interest to know that he is now, and has been for several years, the editor and publisher of a newspaper at Auburn, In: diana. I was the first associate editor, and as a close friend and classmate of Mr. W'agner, I recall with pleasure the conferences we had, and the manner in which we shared the labor of writing editorials, and examining the material submitted by various contributors. N0 mem- ber of the staff achieved greater success than Mr. W. E. Schoonover, the business manager. From the first, the merchants of Terre Haute supported the paper7 and an examination of the copies of 1895-6 will show about as much advertising matter as any year since. We had during the year two regular subscription agents twe had not yet learned to use the term cir- culation manageri, and these were aided ma- terially by all the members of the staif, especie ally at the time of the appearance of the first number and at the opening of the spring term. Of course we asked President Parsons to en- dorse our paper before the student body, and it was then that he made his original speech with reference to its merits7 a speech, Which, if we are to take him at his word, he has re- peated every term since. The subscription price was placed at seventy- five cents, so the ADVANCE, like almost all com- modities 0n the market, has passed to a higher price level than that of fifteen years ago. The initial number came from the press in the latter part of November, 1895, and the second number was distributed just before the begin- ning of the Christmas vacation. The next two numbers appeared on time, but the March num- ber was delayed in order that it might come out on the opening day of the spring term. Armed with copies of the current issue, the staff and a special force drafted for the occa- sion took subscriptions among the eight hun- dred new arrivals. The canvassing took place mainly in the assembly room, and continued for several days. We really did a rushing busi- ness, which was well as the money was sorely needed. The paper then received no subsidy of any kind, but the end of the year found no deficit. I remember distinctly how we talked up the merits of the magazine, offering four numbers for thirty-five cents, including a commencement number of superior merits. This contract was not fulfilled, however, since for some reason, linancial stringency, I think, we missed getting out the May issue. Very few students com- plained of not getting their moneyis worth, possibly because they were too patriotic. One tall, broad-chested, shaggy-headed student from my home county was among my list of new subscribers. He was a little hard to land, so I had laid special stress on the bargain that 64 THE NORMAL ADVANCE he was getting. When the month of May had passed into the long list of Mays that were never to return, and several rare J une days had followed it into the great ocean of the past, this student sought me out, objecting that he had not received the May number according to my promise. I informed him that there was to be 110 May number. He was much exercised about the matter, and rehearsed my remarks as a can- vasser. I sent him to the subscription agent, the latter turned him over to the editor-in- chief, who in turn delivered him over to me again. I fear he decided that we were a bad lot, as he never received any rebate. I hap- pened to know that he was the owner of a farm and not in need; besides, I could not bear to encourage the quality of miserliness in one who expected to enter the profession of teach- ing. As I go over again the seven numbers of the ADVANCE issued during the first year of its existence, I feel quite proud of its contents. The paper contained a larger amount of edi- torial matter than it has in recent years, which I believe was to. its advantage. Again, it seems to me the magazine reflected the student spirit and life more completely then than it has during the past few years. My impression is that it has come to express too exclusively the seriousness and wisdom of the student body. There are not enough Spicy sketches, humorous verses, and good wholesome stories showing the various sides of school life. In that first year, we had, of couse, many profound articles re- vealing the scholarship of the contributors in the fields of pedagogy, science, history, and literature; but we had also a number of articles in which attempts were made to set forth in an interesting way the lighter side of the life of the institution as this manifested itself at the boarding clubs, in the literary societies, in the practice classes, and in the old assembly room. The assembly room is but a memory now, but with its passing the Normal School lost a meet- ing place, where, at certain periods of the day7 there was a lively interchange of thought and sentiment, especially the latter. Among those who were students in the school fifteen years ago, and who furnished papers for the ADVANCE, we find the names of Mr. J. O. Engleman, recently principal of the Normal training school; of Miss Anna Ulen7 who later became the wife of Mr. Engleman; of Mr. Lotus D. Coffman, 96, now at Columbia Uni- versity; of Mr. Walter Garretson, 95, one of the ward schoohprincipals of Terre Haute at present, and then doing postgraduate work in the Normal School. Mr. Sanford Bell, as alumni editor, contributed a number of good things in addition to news items. Dr. J as. W. Hadley, ,96, in recent years an eye specialist 0f Frankfort, Indiana, was the exchange editor, and always gave us a selection of racy extracts from other school papers. There is abundant evidence to show that the serious articles were thought out and written up in a pedagogical atmosphere. A paper on ttConcentrationll begins: ttEducation is the harmonious development of all the powers of the individual. Every normally constituted human being, at birth, is potentially master of the universe? In another essay we have this: cHX teacher must have a knowledge of the thing to be taught, of the effect to be produced in the child, of the previous knowledge of the Child .related to the lesson to be taught, 0f the manner of the advancement of the mind in grasping the thing to be taught, and 0f the means to be used in arriving at a knowledge of the fact? A dis- cussion under the title, ttSciencM is prefaced with the following statement: ttA reasonable question to ask ourselves as we approach any subject is, what is the fieldewhere are the limits set? So as we approach the subject of science, let us pause and ask the question?7 Surely no one can maintain that the students of a decade and a half ago were unable to pre- sent what they knew in convincing and logical fashion. I wish I could quote freely from the sketches and stories that depict the student life of 1895-6, but the limits of this paper will permit of only a few selections. From the ttEvolution of a THCE NORMAL ADVANCE Classy appearing in November, 1895, I give some typical lines: ttOnce there was a class of Freshman A long time ago; From various farms they had assembled Their hearts lilled with woe? 4CSoon in the assembly room they gathered, Fled was every woe; The cinformal receptiona bade them welcome, A long time ago? t4Oh! were you neter a Sophomore And did you never train! And feel that swelling of the head You neter shall feel again ?,7 ttHow dear to our hearts are the days of the Juniors, i ' When fond recollection presents them to View; The work and the play, the club-board and banquet, And all dear memories clinging thereto? ttWho wouldnit be a Senior, And with the Seniors stand, A wreath of light upon his brow And practice on his handsW I present here a paragraph from a sketch telling of a certain student7s experiences while spending his first term in the Normal School: t4Our landlady Often waylaid us as we passed to and from the house and expressed to us very freely her views on the Virtue of being quiet. These talks deeply impressed us, but only for a few days, which made it necessary for her to repeat the talks; but I really believe she took delight in doing so. She called a council one day and declared tLive and let live, to be her motto, and after speaking awhile from this text, informed us that she had decided to raise our rent. If I had dared to speak my mind at the time twhieh I dared not do, for she was a woman determined not only to have the last word but all others as welU, I would have said 65 that she believed in the motto, but she seemed to want to do the tliving, and to expect us to do the tletting.7 I need not add that she had other roomers the next term? In the period of which I write almost every student boarded at some Club, and the almost universal price of twenty-one meals was two dollars. Each club was managed by a student purveyor who secured the boarders, purchased the food supplies, collected the weekly board bills and paid to the landlady a fixed sum per week for each boarder. The purveyor not only received his board gratis, but was also entitled to whatever he could save by thrift in manage- ment. The clubs of those days varied in size from ten to fifty, and the purveyor sometimes made a considerable profit. The accompanying passages from the ADVANCE of March, 1896, set forth the importance of the class. a ttOf all persons connected with the Normal School, none is more indispensable than the purveyor. it 95 As the first train arrives ton the opening day of a new termy he stands waiting by the gate to receive with open arms the new-comer. Yes, he receives them alle that is, all that his brother purveyors do not receive. With winning smile and charmed words he gains their confidence. ' ' at $5 Then begins the search for rooms. All the vicissitudes which may be encountered in a students trying to rent a ten-dollar room with a five-dollar pocketbook, he encounters. But his incom- parable patience surmounts them all, and at last he succeeds in locating even the most fas- tidious young lady. tLHardly has he done this when he looks at his time-card, and with break-neck speed he again rushes to the depot. More trains arrive; more students get off; more worry follows; safely anchored at last. This is the drama of the day, many times repeated. But the pur- Veyor,s labors do not cease with the day; ah, no I far into the night he may be seen with that inevitable timevcard and note-book, standing under the glow of the arc lights, waiting for more victims; for Victims they are, unconscious- ly. Doomed are they to partake of club-board; 66 THE NORMAL ADVANCE yea, even of antiquated steak and even more ancient butter shall they partake; but not by these alone shall they subsist, for unto these shall be added that precious gift of Ceres, oat- meal decked with emaciated cream; still these are not enough, for they shall make their ac- quaintance with the far-fetched prune, to- gether with savory cabbages, beans, turnips and tomatoes. For our purveyor must needs set a good table. tiFinally the last belated student has arrived, and the purveyor flings himself upon his downy couch and sleeps the sleep of the just. Little does he dream of trouble yet to come, of how in cspeechless days that shall be his boarders shall Till the air with music,4 and then folding their napkins hie away like the Arabs to another club managed by a still more subtle purveyor? Another thing impressed on ones mind as he reads the ADVANCE of that short fifteen years ago is that many changes have come in the school. At the time the first number of the paper appeared, the library was just being moved into the quarters occupied till last year. There were at that time no instructors of physi- cal training; n0 departments of Manual Train- ing or Public Speaking; n0 oratorical contests with other schools; 110 College Course; and no training schools entirely distinct from the city schools. The baseball team 0f 96 defeated the Rose Polytechnic team on the grounds of the latter, the score being 17 to 12. The account of the game appearing in the April number shows that there was much enthusiasm and not a little excitement over matters only indirectly con, nected with the game. A glance at the pictures of various members of the faculty of that time who are still with us, shows that fifteen years have left their mark. Not only have youthful looks departed from some, but certain facial adornments, prominent then, are now conspicu- ous only by their absence. I shall conclude this sketch by a quotation from Mr. Wagnerls last editorial. In the last issue he said: uIt has been the aim of the editors of the ADVANCE to publish a worthy school paper, adapted to the needs of the hour; one which could be read with enjoyment and profit by students, faculty and friends of the I. S. N. S. We have tried to do our duty, and the support and encouragement which we have received at all times lead us to believe that our efforts have been appreciated. With this issue the present editorial staff conclude their term of service. We turn the ADVANCE over to its new managers, believing that next year will be a great one in its history. We look out into the future with high hopes. We do not doubt but that the ADVANCE will each year gain new strength and each year accomplish more than ' it did the previous year for the upbuilding of the greatest normal school in the United States? The quality of mercy is not strained; It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath; it is twice blessed; It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes. wFrom ttMerchant of Venice? Act. I V, Se. I . THE NORMAL ADVANCE 67 LEO TOLSTOY s WILLIAM L. CONNOR, ,10 On Sunday morning, November 20, passed from the knowledge of the world the great soul of Leo Tolstoy. Every place where the daily press penetrates are known the tragic circum- stances of his last illness and death; how When he knew the end was near, he felt the great uselessness of his life to any one except him- self; how in this mood, he ran away from his home to die alone; how when he left he humbly begged pardon from his faithful wife for caus- ing her grief; how when his wife knew that he was gone, she attempted to end her own life; how when she found her husbandis place of re- fuge, she went to him only to find him annoyed that she, and all the other loving friends and relatives about him, should be trying to allevi- ate the suffering of one old maniwhen they might much better have been engaged in put- ting an end to the suffering of the millions of peasants in Russia, and of the poor people everywhere; how he died as he lived, under- standing only human needs and the simplest means of satisfying themeLOVE. However, in Village and county, city and town, college and school both young and old have been asking: ttWho is this TolstoyV iiIs he god or devil that our papers can talk of little elseV giWho can tell us of this manethis TolstoyW A few editors of rather prominent news- papers have, in the past few weeks, severely criticised the man and consigned the privilege of keeping his memory green to ignorant peas- ants on the steppes of Russia. These men have usually always taken cognizance of one or the other of two facts, one of which is that Tolstoy criticised unfavorably the plays of Shakes- peare, the other is that he ran away from home to avoid, as some think, the unpleasant atmos- phere due to the friction between his ideas of land holding and the theory of high rent ap- plied by his family to the administration of the estate he himself had once owned. Most of the many great and generous Americans have kept silent on the subject of Tolstoyis life and work. However, a few meanenry George7 J12, Will- iam Jennings Bryan, and William Dean Howellsehave said a guarded, mystical word or two in his praise, and Mr. Howells has promised to say more. It is to be hoped that he will, for a man of his experience, training, and character can surely tell us of this man-this Tolstoy. 1 No more remarkable example of the intellec- tual man existed in the nineteenth century than Tolstoy; and no man of any age has been en- dowed with greater sensitiveness to the real, universal delights of human society, the petty vexations of its daily activities, or the horrors of its perversion in his own age. A type of the old Hebrew prophets, he has all but outdone them in the vigor and keenness of his prophesy; a type of Erasmus, Voltaire, and Mazzini, he has all but outdone them in criticising society and in setting up fresh ideals for it; a type of the modern realist, he has been more real than they, because his great heart was filled from the fresh stream of the Sermon on the Mount; a type of Saint Benedict, Saint Francis, and Saint Dominic, he has approached the spirit of the Christ-life as they approached the letter of it. The work and life of Tolstoy has so many phases that it is sometimes called inconsistent. Such is not the case. Anna Karenina, What 2's AMZ Master and Man, What Men Live By, Resurrection, Rethink Yoursehves, all are the work of the same genius; all possess the dis- tinctive marks of the man who believed: itTo evoke in oneself a feeling one has once experienced, and Awning evoked it in oneself, 68 then, by means of movements, lines, colors, sounds, 071 forms expressed in wowls, 80 t0 tanansmz't that feeling that others may expert- ence the same feelingethis 27s the activity of art. 424M is a human activity, consisting in this, that one man consciously, by means of certain external signs, hands on to others feelings he has lived through and that other people are in- fected by these feelings, and also 60039674227100 them?2 ttChristian art, i. e. the art of our time, should be Catholic in the original meaning of the word, i. e., universal, and therefore it should unite all men. And only two kinds of feeling d0 unite all men: first, feelings flowing from the perception of our sonship to God and 0f the brotherhood of man; and next, the simple feelings of common life, accessible to every one Without exceptionesuch as the feeling of merriment, of pity, of cheerfulness, of tran- quility, etc. Only these two kinds of feelings can now supply material for art good in its subject matter? 3 ttPossibly, in the future, science may reveal newer and higher ideals, Which art may realize; but in our time, the destiny of art is clear and definite. The task for Christian art is to estab- lish brotherly union among men?7 4 Anna Katem'na is the clearest expression in the world of great artistic genius at its height. THE NORMAL ADVANCE In it Tolstoy sums up his experience and thought, not in a general way, but by applying it to the presentation of a definite period of social activity in certain intermingling social sets. In this work his sympathies are as broad as those of ttmy last duchess,7 Who Mliked Whateler She looked on, and her looks went every: Where? As Tolstoy grew older he gained in intellec- tual power. He was more taken up With the purpose of his art than With the means of it. Throughout his career he had moved toward the ideal of the eternal brotherhood of men in spiritual kinship With God; and once he de- finitely realized this, he had no other aim in life than to get all people to see it. Thus all his religious, political and social teaching is but the attempt to teach by precept What his Whole life teaches by example. J ust as the devil quoted scripture, so the forces of greed, malice, and shame Will quote Tolstoy and use isolated incidents from his life to serve an evil purpose. But the world as a Whole is sincere; it Will take the life of Tolstoy as a Whole and use it in the furtherance of that social faith in the eternal brotherhood of men and fatherhood of God Which alone is responsible for the blessings we have and hope for. 1The authorized biography of Tolstoy by Aylmer Maude is published by Dodd, Meade 8; Co. 2What Is Art? p., 43 tMaudets transJ. 3What Is Art? p., 143. 4What Is Art? p., 184. Some say, that ever lgainst that season comes Wherein 0111 Saviourts birth is celebrated, This bird of dawning singeth all night long; And then they say no spirit dares stir abroad, The nights are Wholesome; then no planets strike, N0 fairy takes, nor Witch hath power to charm, So hallowed and s0 gracious is the time. -F7 0m 4tHamZetf7 Act 1, Se. 1. THE NORMAL ADVANCE hM gwn The Proposed Indiana Teacherls Disability and Retirement Law B. F. MOORE, t84, Superintendent of City Schools, Muncie, Indiana For some years there has been a feeling among teachers and school officials of Indiana that some provision should be made for the proper care of disabled teachers of the State who, through sickness or advanced age, have passed the period of active service, or at least of highest eflicienoy in the work. While the salaries of teachers as a Whole have been quite materially increased under the pres- ent Teachersl Salary Law, the cost of living has been correspondingly increased, and the de- mands upon teachers in the way of preparation and professional study have added very greatly to the expense of equipping and maintaining one,s self as an efficient public school teacher. In the light of these facts, a teacher Who is thoroughly in love With her work and Who is ambitions to attain the highest proficiency therein can not reasonably be expected to lay by money for future need. It is doubtful, too, if a material raise in salaries would go far to- ward the solution of the diHieulty. Statistics show that the highest salaried teachers lay by no more money than those working on lower salaries. The teacher Who succeeds must give her Whole time and energy to her work. She has neither time nor energy to expend in look- ing after investments. Besides, the spirit of the teacher is not the spirit of the investor and whenever the spirit of the investor supplants the spirit of the true teacher in our schools, the schools Will be the losers. The highest welfare of our schools demands that this unselfish sacri- licing spirit of the true teacher be encouragedv- never supplanted. Looking toward an intelligent solution of this question, three of the teachers7 associations of the State united in the appointment of a joint committee to study the question and for- mulate some definite recommendation concern- ing it. This committee consisted of one mem- ber from the Indiana City and Town Superin- tendentsa Association, one member from the In- diana County Superintendents7 Association and three members from the Indiana State Teach- ersl Associationefive in all. After a study of the question for almost two years, in Which they went over the laws and proposed laws and plans for meeting the same problem in other states and in cities of the country and also secured the sentiment of teachers and school oflicials 0f the Stateethe committee were unanimous in the belief that the efficiency of both the teachers and schools of Indiana would be greatly enhanced by a rightly administered Teachersl Disability and Retire- ment Law. Prompted by this conviction the committee drew up a bill, embodying therein What, from a tWO years, study of the question, would in their . judgment be the main. features of a workable Disability and Retirement Law for our State. This bill has been printed and may be secured from any member of the committee. In sub- stantially its present form, the bill has been submitted to and received practically the unani- mous endorsement of: 1. The County Superintendentsl Association of Indiana, enrolling every county superinten- dent of the State. 2. The Town and City Superintendentsl As- sociation of Indiana, numbering 150 town and city snperintendents of the State; 3. The Indiana State Teachersl Association, enrolling almost 4,000 of the teachers of the State. 4:. The Southern Indiana Teachers, Associa- 70- tion, enrolling between 3,500 and 4,000 teachers from Southern Indiana. 5. The Northern Indiana Teacherst Associ- ation, enrolling between 3,500 and 4,000 teach- ers of Northern Indiana. 6. Smaller organizations of teachers, such as County Institutes, sectional and'city associ- ations, township institutes, reading clubs, etc. It is impossible here to discuss in any de- tailed way the provisions of this bill. A careful perusal of it Will, we believe, show its essential features to be fair and equitable and Will show the bill as a whole to be entirely workable in our Indiana system of schools. Its main pro- visions are: ' 1. It provides for an adequate available fund for the payment of annuities and benefits, but asks for no more than is actually required to meet the provisions of the bill. 2. It provides for an efficient, safe and econ- omic management of such fund. 3. It provides for a fair and equitable dis- THE NORMAL ADVANCE tribution of the fund in annuities and benefits to teachers. 4:. It provides for the proper safeguarding of all annuities and benefits paid so that they may serve the purpose for Which they are paid. Should this bill become a law it Will, in the judgment 'of the committee, be an inducement to greater numbers of the best young men and young womeh graduating from our colleges and universities to prepare for and take up the work of teaching. It Will make possible and easy the retirement of teachers Who, through ill health or declining years7 have passed the period of their highest eHicieney in school work. ItAWiH increase the efficiency of the teachers al- ready in the service by relieving them from all worry as to provision for the future. Such a course Will7 too, be but just and fair to those Who giveithe best years of their lives to a ser- vice of the State, in Which service, under pres- ent conditions, they can not maintain the high- est efIiciency in their work, and at the same time provide for periods of disability and old age. Translations from Horacets Odesx 1,5 Quis multa gmailis :56 7mm in mm What slender youth With perfumed looks Among the roses gay Or in some nook among the rocks Now woos you every day? For Whom, sweet Pyrrha, do you bind Your locks of golden hue? If once he wine you he will find Twas much more fun to woo. He thinks that youtll be always kind And good as gold, poor fellow, But heill soon learn, if he doesnt mind, That lemons, too, are yellow. You needn,t make sheep-eyes at me- You have no chance to Win there; Like ship-wrecked mariners, you see, Pm Wise because Itve been there. e-H. W. Bym. 1,9 Vides ut alta stet m'w condidum Behold Soracte with his cloak of snow, HOW icy coverings on the rivers lie, And trees with frosty branches bending 10W Beneath their heavy burden groan and sigh. Oh Host, heap up the hearth With blazing wood; . Bring out the Wine that four full years has stood. THE NORMAL ADVANCE '71 Intrust the rest to those who rule the seas And winds which shake the ash and cypress trees. Seek not to know tomorrowts chances new, What fortune future days will bring to you. Shun not the pleasure of your sweetheart fair While crabbed age still leaves untouched your hair. And let your thoughts turn to'the lanes and fields When night from view the trysting places shields, The corner where the girl half hidden stands, And keepsakes filehed from half resisting hands. eA Zfred S. Byers. I, 10. Mercum' facunde 5162908 Atlantis 0 Mercury, spokesman of J ovets train, From whom rude men did culture gain, Whose games our grace of form maintain, Thee will I honor. tTis thou, who, worthy of thy sire, Hast given us the tuneful lyre, A Thou7 who of tricks dost never tire, . Artful deceiver. His cattle missing through thine art, Apollo swore hetd make thee smart, But when thou stoPst his golden dart, Loud laughed the archer. With thee as leader Priam 01d, Bearing gifts of silks and gold, Passed by the Grecian Chieftains bold, Passed all their watch-fires. Thou bearest pious souls to rest - And keeptst the bloodless shades repressed, T0 gods above a welcome guest And the infernals. -H. W. Bym. I, 11 Tu ne quaesz'em's scire nefas quem mihz' quem tibz' 7Tis wrong to ask to know, Leueonoe, What end the gods have given to thee and me; Nor try Chaldean auguries to test. tTwere better far that we our fate endure, If many winters J ove doth yet insure, Or this the last which breaks the roaring sea Against the rocks; be wise, the red wine strain, In our short life from too long hope refrain, For while we speak the jealous time doth flee. So seize the day, not knowing what the next will be. eHeZen Froeb. Do not seek, Itis wrong for thee, To ask what end for thee, for me, The gods will give, Leuconoe. tTwere nobler for us to bear Whateter is given us to. share By all-powerful Jupiter, Whether many winters more Dash waves upon the Tuscan shore, Or this be the last forevermore. Be wise and strain the ruddy wine; Eten while we Speak, flees envious time, Holding naught for thee and thine. eilfildred Z . F Zakerty. I, 26 Musis amdcus tristitiam 6t metus A friend to the Muses, my sadness and care I cast to the winds and the sea. I care not for tyrants, wherever'they are; They are nothing whatever to me. O thou who rejoicest in Pimpleats Spring, Twine garlands for Lamiats head. A meet song of praise with thy aid I would sing- My honor alone, it is dead. I eAZfred S. Byers. 72' THE NORMAL ADVANCE I, 27 Natal? in usum Zaetz'tiae scyphz's The Wine was made for joyous feasts, But do be moderate, boys, Don,t quarrel and fight like Thracian beasts And d0n9t make such a noise. Some sour Falernian I, as well, Must drink? I Will, by thunder. But first let Megillais brother tell Whose Charms heis sighing under. Come now, fess up, donit be afraid; You have no cause for shame. Youtd never love a base-born maid, But some blue-blooded dame. Now out With it! Well then, confess It to my faithful ear- 0 wretched boy! an awful mess Youtre into now, I fear. Some kind god to your rescue come! You can9t get out Without it. Thessalian charms might help you some, 01' Pegasus, but I doubt it. eH. W. Byrn. I, 34 Parcus deomm cultor 6t infrequent: My error now is plain to me, Adept in mad philosophy. My tribute once was rarely paid, And often were my prayers delayed. NOW backward I my sails must turn, And to the starting point return. For With his swiftly moving team And Winged wagonis fiery gleam, King Jove, t0 cloudy skies well known, Across the cloudless sky has hown. At Which the sleepy earth was stirred, And fell Taenarus even heard. The rivers, dashing oier the rock, And Styx and Atlas. felt the shock. Such power does he, the god 011 high, Reveal from his abode, the sky. So greedy fortune takes the crown Without remorse and bears it down. But he on Whom the crown is placed, Rejoices much, by fortune graced. eEhner A. Row. A rare and grudging worshiper, I strayed The While I steered my course by human IOre; Now from my erring way compelled I turn And seek again the path I scorned before. The quivering flash that only in the storm Till then had tra ced its course before my eye, By that great hand with peeling thunder hurled Ran of a sudden through the cloudless sky, When forth the Father drove his flying car At Which the dense earth and its wandering streams And Styx and Hellts dread mouth and Atlasy home Are struck with fright. Maxis soaring dreams Fortune avails t0 humble in the dust, And clothe the lowly in his former might; From one to take and to another give -The crown With harsh, swift grasp is her de- light. 4. J . S. I, 38 Persicos odz' pug? apparatus I hate the Oriental pomp And wreaths With linden twined, Nor care I Where the latest rose Lingers yet behind. The simple myrtle twine for me, For you; this suits us best. Becoming tie for you, the slave, And for me, the guest. nAnna Km'ege. THE NORMAL ADVANCE Vain show and luxury I hate, Nor care for flowers with linden twined. Seek not where roses linger late A pleasing gift for me to Iind. T0 simple myrtle nothing add, I pray thee; itis enough for me And for thee, too, my faithful lad, Serving the Wine beneath the tree. -H. W. Bym. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE The Forest and the Production of Alcohol-a Phase of Conservation LURA LYNCH, '10 From time immemorial, there has been an ever increasing desire to use the so-called waste products of every kind. Present day competition is doing much toward the most economic disposal of such products. Not long since I saw this statement, 4CVVhen Swift 0r Armour gets through with a hog or steer, about all that is left of him is the space he formerly occupied? The coal tar, coke and ammonia liquor go far toward meeting the expenses of the gas plant. The same may be said of vari- ous other industries. Products that were once a burden to the plant are new sources of revenue. In this age of steady fighting for conserva- tion of natural resources, lumber men feel the necessity of using to advantage the wood waste such as shavings, sawdust, tops, and timber too small to be otherwise used. The rapid growth along this line in recent years is not due alone to this general spirit of conservation of waste products but also to the steadily increasing de- mand for wood alcohol, acetates, acetones, tur- pentine, charcoal, and other wood products used in various industries. Sawdust alcohol steps into the breach and 03ers probably the easiest solution of the big problem, although a maga- zine article of a few years ago said that no satisfactory way had yet been discovered for making alcohol from sawdust and that the quantity received from a given amount is sur- prisingly small. People were surprised when the president of the International Chemists at the Worlds Co- lumbian Exposition of 1893 made the following statement: tcThe next great discovery in chem- istry will be the process of making alcohol from sawdust by some means cheap enough to war- rant its commercial use? Much experimenting has been done with this y object in View, and with success. At the begin- ning of the last century some one published a method of converting woody fiber into ferment- able sugar. The wood was first treated with sulphuric acid. Water was then added. The liquid was separated by filtering and neutraliz- ed with chalk. A gummy precipitate resulted and was changed into fermentable sugar by the action of dilute sulphuric acid. The chemistry of the process is that the cellulose, CG H10 05, dissolves in concentrated H2 804. When the solution is diluted and boiled, the cellulose is converted into dextrine, Ce 1-110 05, tthe gummy massy and dextrose, Ce H12 06, but the dextrine by further action of the acid is converted into dextrose. The dextrose or grape sugar is fermentable. . Melsens substituted acid of 3 per cent to 5 per cent strength in 1855 in a digester at 3500F. The digester enabled them to use weaker acid and perform the work in a shorter time. This same year a factory was started in Paris, but did not long continue in operation. Other eX- periments were tried, but a small amount of alcohol was received in comparison with former claims. In 1899 Classen patented a process similar to the one mentioned except that he used sul- phurous acid with or without the sulphuric. The Iirst method proved crude and impractic- 74 able. He converted cellulose into sugar by heat- ing it in. a closed vessel, 1200 to 14500, with solution of sulphurous and sulphuric acid, 570B. The yield is increased by the use of peroxide of hydrogen, but stronger oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate or ozone greatly di- minish it. Out of this process grew the Ewan Tomlin- son process, which is at present receiving a great deal of attention. A plant erected at Highland Park, near Chicago, on a large scale, to demonstrate the process to capitalists was so successful that a plant was built on a commer- cial scale at Hattiesburg. It consisted of: tlQ An acid apparatus in which the H2 ' SOs solution was prepared and the 802 saved after utilization. tQJ A converter, cylindrical, 30 ft. long, 3 ft. in diameter, made of lead to prevent the action of acid. This was surrounded by steam jacket by means of which it was heated. The capacity of the converter is 2 tons of sawdust. t3J Exhausting battery which consisted of a series of tanks in which the sugar was washed from the partly converted sawdust by hot water. GLQ Neutralization vats in which the acids that remained in the saccharine liquor were neutralized by calcium carbonate. tSJ Fermentation vats and a still such as is used in the ordinary distillery. The digester is placed nearly full of wood and treated with H2 803 equal to about one- third the weight of the wood. The digester is then closed air-tight and steam turned into the jacket. The digester revolves slowly. The tem- perature runs up to 290 or 300T. and the pres- sure about 100 pounds. After from four to six hours sulphurous acid and steam are blown into absorbing tanks where part of the 802 is recovered. The contents of the digester which now looks like timely ground coifee is emptied into exhaustion batteries where the sugar is ex- tracted; The liquid of this wood waste con- tains from 350 to 400 pounds of sugar for each THE NORMAL ADVANCE ton of wood waste. This strong acid liquor is neutralized with chalk, forming calcium sul- phate which settles. The clear saccharine liquid is then pumped into fermenting vats. Two bushels of malt sprouts to 3,000 gallons is added to cause rapid fermentation. They claim to get from 18 to 20 gallons absolute alcohol i from each ton of wood waste. Though this worked well on laboratory scale, it did not prove a success commercially. The diiiiculties were: tlJ Length of time t4-6 hrsi. tQJ Large amount of acid texpensivei. G30 Extraction of sugar made tedious by formation of gums and caromels from sugar on account of prolonged action. GEO Lining needed repair after three or four digestions. . Malcolm F. Ewen and G. H. Tomlinson, noted chemists, received financial aid from as Chicago engineer, J . M. Ewen, a brother to the former, and directed their efforts to the difli- culties just mentioned. They shortened the time about 40 to 45 minutes. In this short time the gums and caromels did not develop, and, for this reason, the treated wood waste could be quickly and efiiciently extracted. They also contrived a converter lined with fire brick and set in cement of lead oxide and glycerine. The new process greatly reduced the quantity of acid used. Mr. Bruce states that from what he can gather from chemists and enginmrs who have investigated the process, he is inclined to be- lieve that the problem of making cheap alcohol from wood waste has been solved, perhaps with some details yet to be perfected. Grain alcohol costs $2.60 per gallon. $2.07 of this is internal revenue tax. The corn used in making a gallon of alcohol costs 26 cents. The process costs about 6 cents, making the actual cost about 32 cents. Denatured alcohol costs about 45 cents to the large consumer and 60 cents to the small. Wood alcohol averages 48 cents per gallon to the large consumer. Care- ful estimates have shown the cost of produc- THE NORMAL ADVANCE 75 M tion of ethyl alcohol to be about the same as from grain or any other starch material. Prof. Ruttan, of McGill University carefully esti- mated the net cost of production and reports it 10.8 cents per gallon. Tomlinson claims to be able to produce it for 10 cents, so that wood waste alcohol would cost the consumer only 20 or 25 cents per gallon, 20 to 22 cents cheaper than grain alcohol. Considerable interest is being manifested in this new plan by a number of new plants. The Dupont Powder Co. sent their chemist, Dr. Murrill, to Chicago Heights to investigate and study their process. He reported a yield of 21 gallons per ton of sawdust. The company is now erecting a $150,000 plant at Georgetown, S. C., a sawmill center on the sea coast. The raw material will consist of the Georgia pine waste. The capacity will be 1,200,000 proof gallons of alcohol yearly. The Scientific American says that after the alcohol is made, the sawdust may be used as stock food. Turpentine and acetic acid are among the by-products. This magazine also says that the exhausted wood may be made into briquetts or mixed with magnesia to make arti- ficial stone. The Chicago plant has marketed much of the best grade alcohol7 though it was originally only a demonstration plant. A gauger was placed there last summer and he reports the plant as operating as a regular distillery under the Internal Revenue Service regulations. He says that the alcohol was all gauged by him and found to be crystal white and of a very high grade. He also says the fermentation was regular and the yield uniform. Mariner Sc Hoskins, a firm of chemists and assayers of Chicago, have become familiar with the Ewen-Tomlinson process and have seen the experimental plant in operation. They have analyzed the products and pronounced the 0b- stacles overcome. They say that they see no reason why this process may not be put into successful commercial operation. Laboratory experts of Brewers and Distillersl Laboratory of Chicago analyzed their raw materials, fm- ished products and by-products, made frequent investigation of the workings of the experi- mental plant, and as a result submitted the fole lowing: Twenty to twenty-five per cent of the dry substance of wood waste is converted into sugar, eighty-five to ninety-One per cent of which is directly fermentable into ethyl alcohol. The production of 20 gallons of 90 per cent proof alcohol is possible. From re- sults in their own laboratory and later at the Ewen-Tomlinson experimental plant, they re- port that fermentation may be carried out re- gardless of quantity of material involved. The yield reported was actually obtained in their experiments and the estimate of fermentable sugar made by actually fermenting the sugar of treated wood waste and distilling the alcohol from it. It is their opinion that these results can be obtained under factory conditions and that ultimately this yield may be considerably increased. It is prophesied by the Standard Alcohol Company that denatured alcohol Will take the place of coal, oil, and wood both for fuel and illuminating purposes. They say that coal mines will last longer, oil wells suifer less drains, and that millions of cords of wood burned in stoves annually will be saved for lumber. The process which requires wood for its material will have the effect of diminish- ing wood cutting through substituting alcohol for fuel. Alcohol, being found in every form of plant life, will be available so long as the alchemy of nature makes green things to grow upon the earth. They say that it will lessen if not destroy the grip of the Standard Oil Com- pany. It is claimed to have the advantage over gasoline and kerosene in safety, cleanli- ness and efficiency. Another point in favor of the sawdust alcohol is that it releases for food purposes, millions of bushels of corn and barley now consumed in the manufacture of grain alcohol. It is also claimed to be purer than that made from grain. Besides the ethyl alcohol made from wood waste, methyl alcohol, a very different sub- stance is made. This is obtained by dry dist 76 THE NORMAL ADVANCE tillation of wood. It constitutes about 1 per cent of the watery products of such distillation. The following apparatus is used for the dis- tillation: HQ Retort ovens in which the distilling reaction is carried on. tQJ Condensers in which condensable vap- ors are liquefied. t3j Stills in which crude products are separated, concentrated and purified. MJ Mixing pans for preparation of acetate of lime. t5J General apparatus such as evaporating pans, storage tanks, coolers, etc. The crude watery liquid obtained by distill- ing the wood is emptied from the tarry part of the distillate and redistilled. The first tenth which passes over is rectiiied once 01' oftener over slacked lime, when ammonia is given off in great quantities; sulphuric acid is then add- ed which unites with the rest of the ammonia and precipitates certain quantities of acetate, methylaeetone, and a liquid which Weidmann calls Iignone. To obtain nearly pure alcohol from commercial WOOd-spirit, advantage may be taken of its property of forming a com- pound with calcium Chloride Which is not de- composed by merely heating it to 1000, but at that point it gives off methylic alcohol when distilled with water. The crude wood spirit is saturated with fused calcium chloride. It is then freed from the acetone, dimethylate of ethylene, etc.. which do not unite with the cal- cium, by heating it over a water-bath until everything volatile is given Off. Gould rec- ommends that the wood spirit be distilled with equal volumes of strong potash 0r soda-lye to decompose the methylic acetate which is often present in large quantities; then to extract the water from this with potassium carbonate; and lastly7 saturate with calcium chloride, as men- tioned before. To obtain perfectly pure methyl alcohol, methylic ether must be prepared and the alcohol then separated from it by distilling with an alkali. Oxalate of methyl may be made by distilling in the following proportions: 1 pt. wood-spirit, 1 pt. H2 804, and 2 pts. oxalate of potassium. The crystals of this ether are purified by pressure, then distilled with water to bring about decomposition. The distilled methylic alcohol is then rectified over quick lime. Benzoate of methyl is made by passing H CI gas into a solution of benzoic acid in wood spirit. This is distilled together and the pre- cipitated portion collected above 1000 with water. It is then decomposed by boiling several hours with soda -1ye. The liquid is then distill- ed and the distillate rectiiied over quick lime. Methyl alcohol, also, may be made by dis- tilling oil of Wintergreen with potash and rec- tifying over quick-Iime. The alcohol produced thus is nearly pure but has a slight odor of the oil. This alcohol is colorless, has an odor similar to commercial alcohol and burns with a blue flame. It bumps strongly while boiling. It will mix with water, ether and alcohol. It dissolves fixed and volatile oils and many of the resins. For this reason it is frequently used as a solvent instead of common grain alcohol: It is used also in alcohol stoves for heating pur- poses. It is used, too, in the manufacture of bromoform and iodoform. While any kind of wood may be used for the production of alcohol, the hard woods give much larger yields. Of the hard woods, maple, birch, beech and oak are preferred. Others as the poplar, elm, willow. and particularly the alder give almost as large yields. Variations in quantity obtained from the same class of ma- terials are due to diEerences in quality and weight of wood used and to different methods of conducting distillation. Thus when we consider the almost marvellous uses to Which wood is being put in these days, we are made to realize more and more the need of a rational and national forest policy. I. Announcement of the Standard Alcohol Company with Reports and Letters of U. S. Government Officials, Chemists, Lumber Experts and Attorneys, and with EX- tracts from Newspapers and Periodicals. II. Scientific American November, 1909. III. Dictionary of Chemistry by Henry Watts, Volume III, Library No. 540.30. IV. U. S. Chemistry Report by Veitch, Fletcher, Pearre. Wood By-Products. Library No. 630.60. Circular 36. V. Forestry Report. Circular 114. Library N0. 634.90. THE NORMAL ADVANCE '77 The Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF ERNEST L. WELBORN ................ Editor-in-Chief GROVER C. SUMMERS ............. - Associate Editor MARGARET LAHEY .................. Literary Editor KATE V. BLACK ................. Society Editor ELZIE STEWART ................... Athletic Editor ADA TICHENOR .......... ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD THIRZA C. PARKER .......... Senior Editor ETHEL HYDE ................... Junior Editor MARY ENLOW- . . . .............. Sophomore Editor RAE A. GOLDMAN ............... College Course Editor E Local and Alumni Editors BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST .............. Business Manager MELVIN K. DAVIS ............... Advertising Manager CHARLES E. WALK ......... - . Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, Ex-Ojjicio PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MISS SWIHART ELMER A. Row, C. C.;Secretary ............... , ,11 HARRY HOWICK, ,12 KATHERINE LAFFERTY, t13 Published monthly from October to June, inclusive. ......... $1.00 per Year 15 Cents 35 Cents Terms Single Copies . . . Commencement Number Address all communications to THE NORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute. Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. All alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Entered at the Terre Haute post 017106 as second class mail matter. Time has once more come full circle, bring- ing us the end of the term, the end of the year, and Christmas. Again we are caught with tasks unfinished, promises but half fuliilled, and plans untouched. But it is always so; we eternally dream of doing far more than it is possible for us to do. It does not follow, how- ever, that we should plan less; it is not so much in the attaining as it is in the striving to at- tain7 that we grow. But if we have done a small part of what we expected to do this term, and have done that small part well, we can close our books on the last day of school, and, with light hearts and free consciences, hurry home to enjoy plum puddings and to open mysterious packages. No season in the year is more merry or care-free than is the Christmas season, and as the term closes with the old year, we can turn our backs on the disappointments and errors of the past term and look forward to be- ginning afresh with the opening year. If any students are so unfortunate as to be unable to go home for the holidays, those of us who can should see that they have a pleasant va- cation. We will be happier for doing so. Let us add that if Santa leaves nothing more in our stockings than good-will and happiness with which to close the old year, and strength and spirit with which to begin the new, he will, indeed, be generous. As is often the case with fall terms, the term just closing has been an unusually studious one, perhaps too studious, for social affairs, which are scarcely secondary with us, have been glar- ingly absent. It is true, of course, that the faculty have heaped immeasurable tasks upon us, but they will continue to do so if we will permit it. Therefore, the thing for us to do is to turn over a new leaf next term. If we do not, there is danger of our developing into one- sided creatures. We should, occasionally, snap our fingers at dull and unreasonable tasks and have a little fun. We deserve some recreation; when we work, we work very hard. It should be said in parenthesis just here, that any stu- dent caught studying during vacation should ' be ostracised. Let us not be understood, however, to bear even the slightest grudge against the faculty. Far be it from us. But we do hope that they will thank us for this kind little hint. They are not really Vicious and unfeeling; they are merely misguided and mistaken. They should rejoice to know that we are thoughtful enough to make them suggestions. In the meantime we hope that the coming holidays will be lilled with much happiness for them and that Santa will leave each and every one of them what he or she most desires. We urge our readers to do some of their Christmas shopping with the business men who advertise in the ADVANCE. It will cause them to 78 continue to advertise and thus help the paper. Moreover, they are among the leading business men, and you will find that their showings are worthy of your patronage. This is a little matter, but donit think that your mite will not help. We are pleased to note the favorable mention the ADVANCE receives in the Exchange Columns of several of the papers that come to the desk. We are trying to make our paper as good as , the best that come to us, and we appreciate the suggestions that we receive through our eX- Changes. In this issue appears an article by Supt. B. F. Moore of Muncie7 the chairman of the com- mittee that drafted the proposed Indiana Teachers7 Disability and Retirement Law. The bill will be considered by the next General As- sembly. The other members of the committee are Richard Park, from Indiana County Super- intendents, Association; Robert J . Aley, Will- iam A. Miliis, and Robert I. Hamilton, from Indiana State Teachers, Association. This bill is the result of some years of dis- cussion in Indiana, and it is the embodiment of a careful study of the problem. It is based on the principle of insurance, for most of the - fund is to be derived from a one per cent as- sessment on the yearly salaries of those to whom the act applies. The state, however, is to pay from the tuition taX whatever amount is required in addition to that derived from other sources. The amount of annuity paid to any teacher is to depend on the term of service and the average yearly salary for the five years pre- ceding retirement, but no annuity is to be less than $250. THE NORMAL ADVANCE We believe that Indiana should live up to her reputation as a leading state in education by enacting a law that substantially embodies the principle of teachers pensions for those who have devoted their lives to teaching. Great interest is being manifested in the series of inter-elass basket ball games that has begun. This is as'it should be. I. S. N. needs school spirit, and athletics is the centre around which it develops. Would you, whoever reads this, be proud of a winning aVarsity team for I. S. N.? If so, encourage the men by your presence at the games. Do you know the school yell? If not, learn it and use it at the 3Varsity games. Faculty Items Interesting chapel talks have been given dur- ing the month by Prof. COX 0n 4iForest Fires? Mr. Lynch on ttReform Movements? Mr. Bruce on tCPatent Medicines? and Mr. Hyde on 4 The Constancy of Spiritual Laws? Prof. O. L. Kelso addressed the largest sectional meeting at the Southwestern Indiana Teachers Association at Evansville7 November 25, on the subject of Percentage. His address was very enthusiastically received. President Parsons was an honor guest of the Indiana Society of New York, at its annual banquet, Friday evening, December 2, and he delivered an address on 4iEducational Indiana? Other guests were Governor Marshall, Meredith Nicholson, Dr. Lyman Abbott, and David Gra- ham Phillips. Professor Charles R. Dryer was elected presi- dent of the Indiana Academy of Science at its annual meeting at Indianapolis during the Thanksgiving vacation. Man,s inhumanity to man Makes countless thousands mourn. -From Bumshe ttMcm Was M ade t0 Mourn? THE NORMAL ADVANCE '79 ATHLETICS BASKET BALL. The basket ball season at I. S. N. was ushered in on the afternoon of Nov. 29th by the hrst of the inter lass gamespa double header between the SophOmores and College Course and the J unlors and Seniors. A large number of students were present and rooted for their classes quite loyally. The players, some of whom will hold positions on the Varsity team, showed good form, and some interesting plays were made. The games were very interesting from the beginning until the gong sounded time at the close. The following is the line-up and record of the games: First Game. Sophomores. Position. College Course Coble, Bird ..... Forward ............ Row Bowles ........... Forward ........... '. Asher Demery ........... Center ..Strickler, Nugent Swaidner ......... Guard ........... Mahan McCullough, McCormick ....... Guard ............. Byrn Tota14Soph0mores 14, College Course 2. Second Game. Seniors. Position. J uniors. Nichols .......... Forward ............ Knox Asbury .......... Forward ....... Eu Dahley Clayton .......... Center ......... Hickman A. Bowles. . . . . . Guard ............. Shaw Alexander ........ Guard ............ Welch T0ta14Seni0rs 20, J uniors 7. The second set of the series of inter-class games was played on Tuesday, Dec. 6. It was between the Juniors and College Course, and the Seniors and Sophomores. The J 11111015001- lege Course game was not very fast. The Col- lege men lacked practice in throwing goals and were out played by the J uniors on that account. In the last half they showed their pluck and out played the J uniors 0n passes. The Senior- Sophomore game was fast and furious from start to finish. At the close of the first half the Seniors were two points in the lead. At the close of the second half the Sophs. had made the score a tie411-11. The time was eX- tended five minutes to play off the tie, and dur- ing this extra time some of the fastest playing ever done by a Normal basket ball team was pulled off. At the sound of the gong the score stood 1644 in favor of the ttdignified,, Seniors. The record of the games is as follows: First Game. J uniors. Position. College Course Knox ............ Forward ............. ROW Eu Dahley ....... Forward ........... Asher Hickman .......... Center ........... Nugent Shaw .............. Guard ............. Byrne Binford, Welch.. . . Guard .......... Strickler Totaleuniors 21, College Course 7. Second Game: Seniors. Position. Sophomores. Nichols .......... Forward ............. Bird Asbury ........... Forward . . .Mitchell, Coble J ones, Clayton . . . . Center .......... Demaree A. B0w1es.... . .... Guard .. . .McCollough Alexander ........ Guard ....... McCormick Total-Seniors 16, Sophomores 14. That best portion of a good mants life, His little, nameless, unremembered acts Of kindness and of love. 4Wordsw0rth. 80 THE NORMAL ADVANCE l Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. 17.211. 0. A. Mr. House, the new city Y. M. C. A. secre- tary, was warmly welcomed at the meeting of Nov. 23. His talk was interesting and uplift- ing. Assistant Secretary J ohnson 0f the State Association, also, was present at this meeting and expressed himself as well pleased with the progress of the work at this place. At the meeting of NOV. 30, the Rev. Mr. Lawrence was present and gave a very helpful address. The attendance at this meeting was below the usual standard because of the con- flict in time with the inter-class basket ball games. A movement has been started to regu- late future differences of this kind. Professor MeBeth addressed the meeting of Dec. 6. The singing of a double quartette was a helpful feature of the meeting. Work in the Bible and Mission study depart- ments has a promising outlook for the follow- ing term. In the Bible study department Prof. Baxterls class on ttThe Social Significance of the Teaching of Jesusfl has had a very pros- perous termls work. An enrollment of thirty- five was reported. Mr. Eddy will attempt to have two classes conducted in this department next term. i A committee consisting of Messrs. Stewart, Benford and Carey has been chosen to prepare the room set apart in the library as a general meeting place for the Y. M. C. A. This room will be fitted upon the plan of a city assicati0n7s rooms, decorated with appropriate mottoes and school, class, and society pennants. It will be furnished ready to be occupied next term, and will be a valuable addition to the association. At a special meeting of the members the fol- lowing men were chosen to represent the associ- ation at the State convention to be held at Vincennes, Dec. 9-11: Messrs. Howick, Pfingst, Summers and Stewart. A program committee consisting of repre- sentatives of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. will meet Dec. 7 to arrange for a series of joint meetings. At the next meeting, Dec. 13, Prof. Kimmel will talk on the subject of the athletic relations of the association work. 17.117.67.11. Miss Grace Rust, who is attending the uni- versity at Champaign, Ill., spent her Thanks- giving vacation with the Misses Crane, Scott and Wissing. The Y. W. C. A. girls of the Association House, who spent their Thanksgiving vacation here entertained the other girls who stayed over in the parlors 0f the City Y. W. C. A. build- ing. Although the number was small, all had a very pleasant afternoon. Miss Florence Earlle, who is teaching at Montpelier, 11161., Visited friends of the city November 25 and 26. That blessed mood, In which the burden of the mastery, In which the heavy and the weary weight Of all this unintelligible world, Is lightened. WW'ordsworth. THE KNORMAL ADVANCE 81 THE CLASSES SOPHOMORES. The Sophomore meetings of this term have been well attended, and the members of the class have taken remarkable interest in them. The last Sophomore meeting was a joint meeting between the Seniors and Sophomores. After a very entertaining program every one enjoyed the playing of some old fashioned games. Although it is very hard to get the Sopho- mores to pay their dues they will all be anxious to enjoy the feed on December 16. SENIORS. The Seniors held a meeting on Friday, Nov. 4, at 8 :00 p. m. in the Association rooms. The following program was given: Piano Duet ....... Misses Carr and Broadhurst Reading ...................... Miss Gillespie Vocal Duet ......... Misses Lane and Wagner The reading by Miss Baker was postponed on account of her illness. A motion made by Mr. Tennell had for its subject-mattew the empowering 0f the president to pay all bills out of his own pocket, and for its general purpose, the expression of the grati- tude and appreciation of the Senior class of the efforts of the above-mentioned president in be- half of the said Senior class. The motion was lost for want of a second. The next regular meeting was held Dec. 2 in the Asseciation rooms. The Seniors and Sopho- mores held a joint meeting 011 this date, and the program rendered was as fololws: Reading ...................... Miss Gillespie Piano Solo ...................... Mr. Mahan Reading ........................ Miss Baker Vocal Solo ..................... Miss Shirley Oratorical and Literary Organizations ORATORIUAL LEAGUE. The young ladies literary societies, the Philo- mathean and Alethenae, are well on their way toward the annual debate, which will occur about the middle of March. Much interest is manifested in the subject which comes home to all women, namely, that of woman suErage. This debate is sure to be a live topic both for the student body and the general public. Each society is determined to win, and a lively, hard fought debate is sure to be the re- sult. The debaters were chosen at recent meet- ings of the societies and are as follows: For the Alethenae, the Misses Kate Black, Ina Pocoek, Nelle Broadhurst, Lydia Grabbe. For the Philomathean, the Misses Anna Cox, Lois Shirley, Margaret Howard, Jeanette Baker. Owing to the fact that the Forum Debating Society will not challenge the Ciceronian Society for a public debate this year, it falls to the lot of the Daedalians to challenge the latter society for an Open debate before February 1st of the year 1912. UIUERONIAN. The results of another termls work are soon to be added to the history of the Ciceronian De- 82 bating Society. Although nothing distinctive has been accomplished, much good Work has been done. The purpose of the society, train- ing in debating, has been accomplished to a pleasing degree. The 016. members are very en- thusiastic, while the new members are rapidly entering into the spirit of the work. Our prospects are encouraging. T0 the associate members, who may read this, we send Christmas Greetings. We wish to say also that a hearty welcome awaits you at I. S. N. and an especial welcome at our meetings. DAEDALIAN. During the month the Daedalians have had some very interesting programs. Two debates have been held. The society has elected two new members, Mr. Binford and Mr. Alexander. Both promise to become efficient members, and the society feels fortunate in having obtained them. On December 3 the society received a Visit from the Philomathean society. They were , especially interested in the parliamentary work. In the debate Miss Orebaugh, Miss Peters, and Miss Baker acted as judges. The Daedalian boys were pleased to have the ladies present. A movement is afoot to hold a meeting at Indianapolis during the State Teachers, Associ- ation. This is for the special benefit of the 01d members of the society who are teaching in the different parts of the state, the purpose being to renew the 01d friendship and form a closer union of the Daedalian Society. PHILOMATHEAZV. The Philomathean Literary Society entered upon the work of the year with interest and enthusiasm. At the first meeting seven 01d members were present. They are the Misses COX, Peters, McEwan, Aughe, Orebaugh, Mahley, and Wissing. The society installed twelve Iiew members; J eannette Scott, Dollie Barricks, Edna Neu- man7 Flora Saupert, Edith Hartley, Dolores Browen, Margaret Howard, Estella Spitz, and THE NORMAL ADVANCE Lois Shirley. The following persons were elected officers: President ..................... Louise Peters Vice-President ............... Martha Aughe Secretary .................... Eula McEwan Treasurer ..................... Nelle Mahley Sergeant-at-arms ............ Anna Orebaugh Parliamentarian .................. Anna Cox Historian .................... Minna Wissing The society, on December 3, listened to an in- teresting program given by the Daedalians. The two societies are planning a joint social meeting for making pennants. The debaters chosen to represent the society in the coming Philomathean-Alethenai debate are the Misses Anna COX, Lois Shirley, Mar- garette Howard, and J eanette Baker. The work of the term has been especially interesting and the attendance very good. Since Miss Bader was unable to do the work. of an active member she was made an honorary mem- ber of the society. Miss Margaret Hardy, who was the president of the society last year, was with the Philomatheans on December 3. ALETHENAI. With the snccess of preceding work fresh in their minds, the members of the Alethenai are enthusiastic and earnest in their desire to make this their most interesting and profitable year. Regular meetings have been held each week and these meetings are marked especially for the interest that has been manifested. At the first of the term, the society met and elected the following officers: Georgia Cole ..................... President Ada Tichenor ................ Vice-President Eva Kehrer ...................... Treasurer Lydia Grabbe ..................... Secretary The Misses Black and Parker. .Representatives The following new members have been added to strengthen the society: The Misses Lucile F rund, Anne Forbes, Ina Pocock, Nelle Broad- hurst, and Bliss McCorkle. ' This term the following topics have been dise cussed: Woman Suffrage, by Miss Parker. The Portugese Question, by Miss Tichenor. Politics, by Miss Cole. Short Story, by Miss Black. Rooseveltfs Career Since He Left Africa, by Miss Grabbe. Christian Science, by Miss Forbes. The Custom House, by Miss K. Kehrer. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 83 The British in India, by Miss Pocock. One event of interest to the members is the debate that is to be held between the Philo- mathean and the Alethenai. The following girls have been chosen to debate: Miss Pocock, Miss Broadhurst, and Miss Grabbe. The members spent the afternoon of Dec. 3 at the home of Miss Parker, making pennants and discussing plans for future work. SOCIETY VVOMEZWS LEAGUEa At a meeting of the section leaders called by Miss Schweitzer, Oct. 8, the following emcers for the Woments League were chosen: President .................. Miss Anne Forbes Vice-President ............ Miss Anna Grabbe Secretary ................ Miss Helen Connor Treasurer .................... Miss Anna COX There are now thirteen sections of the league active. Of these, two, Alpha and Pi Zeta, gave a Thanksgiving tea for the students and faculty, Friday afternoon, NOV. 18. Several contests were arranged in which Miss Mary McBeth and Prof. Mutterer carried 01f the prizes. Cof- fee and pumpkin pie were served. The next affair of the League will be a Christmas tea given by the Psi Theta and Phi Sigma Tau chapters. ALPHA AND PI ZETA. The Alpha and Pi Zeta chapters were hos- tesses for an informal Thanksgiving party, Fri- day afternoon, November 18, for the members of the VWomanTs League and the Faculty. The time was spent in games and contests. Miss Mary McBeth and Professor Mutterer were the winners of the prizes. The reception rooms were decorated very artistically in pumpkins, corn, and pennants. After the games, dainty refresh- ments of individual pumpkin pies and coffee were served. The hostesses were the Misses Neill, Helt, Broadhurst7 Neal, Carr, Black, Harris, David- son, Cole, Parker, Kelley, Curry, Welch, Pal- mer, Hartley, Austin, Price, Gillum, Richey, Morgan, Peck, Woody7 and Lawrence. ATHLETA The members of the Athleta Sorority gave a dancing party Saturday evening, December 3, at DuenwegTs Dancing Academy. The hall was elaborately decorated with college pennants, pillows, palms and an abundance of cut iiowers arranged in every available place. A program of sixteen dances with four extras was carried out. Music was furnished by the Breinig or- chestra. The chaperones were Professor and Mrs. Kimmel, Miss Bertha Schweitzer and Pro- fessor Baxter. Members of the sorority present were the Misses Andrews, Rucker, Brunker, Samuels, Saupert, Fisher, Harstine, Wilson, Cutshall, Champe, Peyton, Boston, Kadel, Doerschuck, Irminger, Smith, Pell, and Scott. The guests were the Messrs. Thompson, Frisz, Hughes, Dunn, Stewart, Slocum, Shorer, Beck, Strecker, Schmidt, Floyd, Bell, Cusack, Boston, Heif- mam7 COX, and Proetzel. The Athleta Embroidery Club was entertain- 84 THE NORMAL ADVANCE ed on Thursday7 December 1, by Miss Elmira Champe at her home on South Seventh street. Refreshments consisting of sandwiches, pickles, cake, and hot chocolate were served. Those present were the Misses Rucker, Brunker, Wil- son, Andrew, Cutshall, Champe, Saupert, Fisher, Samuels, Harstine, Doerschuck, Irm- inger, Peyton, Boston, and Kadel. EPSILON DELTA. The Epsilon Delta section has re-organized with prospects of a pleasant year. Only two old members, Eula MeEwan and Anna Cox, are in school. The fall initiation of Epsilon Delta pledges was held Friday evening, Nov. 18, Mrs. Mc- Ewan and Miss COX acting as hostesses. The following persons were initiated: Ina June Manor, Emma Koch, Tillie Harrer, J essie Cass- ing, Mrs. Edwin M. Bruce, Anna Davis, Amelia Potter, J eannette Baker, Gladys Davies, Lizzie Lowrie. The Epsilon Delta girls were entertained Sat- urday afternoon, December 3, by the Misses Lowery, Harrer and Koch at the N ormal Y. W. C. A. The afternoon was spent in playing games and music. Prizes were awarded Amelia Potter and Gladys Davies. Light refreshments were served. KAPPA. Miss Audrey Bullington 0f Hardinsburg was in the city, the guest of the Kappas a few days last week. A pennant party was given by the Kappas Saturday, November 20. Dainty refreshments were served. The Kappas will give a Christmas party, De- cember 17. A number of former Kappas will be present. LLAZIIARADAS. The Llamaradas have been unusually inactive during the pastrterm, first, because they have been few in number, and second, because they have been very busy. But next term they are going to begin anew and are going to resume their regular bivmonthly business and social meetings. On Saturday, December 3, the girls were en- tertained at the home of Mrs. Roscoe Hyde on North Center street. Needlework and a con- test formed the amusements. Professor Hyde acted as judge, and Miss Forbes received the prize. Later in the afternoon candies were made. The guests of the chapter were Bliss Gladys McClung and Miss Edith Larr. The present active members of the section are Misses Anna Forbes, Mercedes Penna, Marguer- ite Swengel7 Margaret Lahey, Haziel Woolen, Gertrude McComb, and Mrs. R. R. Hyde. The girls are planning one more meeting this term, at which they expect to make pennants. MYOSOTIS. The Myosotis girls were entertained 0n the evening of November 19 at the home of Miss Helen Sale, on North Tenth street. Guessing contests were the amusements 0f the evening, and a Christmas party to be held December 16, was planned. At the close of the evening a delicious luncheon was served. Those present were the Misses Nellie WValler, Coradel Wade, Minna Wissing, Olive J ohnson, Ada Tichenor, Belva McCorkle, Minnie and Lanora Rollings, Cecilia Black, Fern Garen, Esther Neukom, Norma Failing, Letitia Ferree, and Mary Mc- Beth. Miss Esther Neukom was hostess for an even- ing party, Saturday, December 3. Because of the nearness of Christmas, the first part of the evening was spent in needlework. Later there was a CiSilhouettel, contest. Miss Mary MeBeth received a prize for drawing the most realistic silhouettes in a darkened room. A delicious chafing dish supper was served in the dining room. The table was beautifully decorated with small Christmas trees with appropriate trim- mings. The Misses Wade and Neukorn pre- THE NORMAL ADVANCE 85 sided at the chafing dishes with great success. The chapter members present were the Misses Stella Albright, Helen Sale, Fern, Garen, lVIary McBeth, Norma Failing, Letitia Ferree, Olive Johnson, Coradel Wade, Minna Wissing, Ada Tichenor, Belva McCorkle, and Nellie Waller. Guests of the chapter were the Misses Culp MCClung, and Lewis. OMEGA. On NOV. 12, at the home of Miss Katherine Donnovan, the following girls were initiated into the section: Tillie Von Tolga, Mary Dun- lap, Emma Dumeshiser, and Dorothy Gaynor. After the initiation the girls enjoyed the piano solos by Miss Dumeshiser and Miss Flaherty. Dainty refreshments were served, after which the guests departed. On Dec. 2 a pennant party was given at the home of Flora Pfalfenberger 011 Center street. The evening was spent in making pennants from the section colors, old rose and green, talk- ing, and eating candy and apples. Those pres- The frost is here, And fuel is dear, And woods are sear, And fires burn clear, And frost is here ent were the Misses Florence Hixen, Ina P0- cock, Tillie Von Tolga, Mary Dunlap, Kather- ine Donnovan, Mildred Flaherty, Emma Dum- eshiser, VVhilma Gayner, Dorothy Gaynor, and Margaret Kilroy. PSI THETA. The Psi Theta chapter was entertained at the Normal Y. W. C. A. house, Saturday afternoon, November 19. The diversion of the afternoon was a ttTrack Meet, between the 46Who th0s7t and ttOwlsj7 the former winning the prize. After the ttmeetjl a two course luncheon was served. The regular meeting of the Psi Theta Chapter was held Saturday evening with Miss Blanche Johnson, 2002 North Eleventh street. After various games, a hot lunch was served. Those present were Ethel Hyde, Blanche Royer, Madge O,Haver, Blanche Moore, Fern Byrnes, Erba Hinkson, Alice Cooke, Mary Ellen J Ohn- son, Edna Newman, Mable Brown, and Nell Flesher. And has bitten the heel of the going year. H: :1: $ Bite, frost, bite ! :1: a :z: a The woods are all the searer, The fuel is all the dearer, The fires are all the clearer, My spring is all the nearer7 You have bitten into the heart of the earth, But not into mine. eFrom ccThe VVz'mZowja by Tennyson. THE NORMAL ADVANCE LOCAL and ALUMNI Clara Wright, 07, is attending school at Bradley Polytechnic. Ruth King, C. C. 10, is principal of the high- school at Linton. Hattie Stirwalt is teaching in Center Point. Zelpha Burkett and Versa F ravel spent Thanksgiving at their home at Owensville, Ind. Margaret Hardy Visited I. S. N. friends Sat- urday, Dec. 3. J 0y Muchmore called at I. S. N., Nov. 22. Royal Pottenger, ,10, visited an I. S. N. tifriendh over Thanksgiving. Maud Richie went to her home at ThorntOWn to spend Thanksgiving. ' Lela Walls, 10, is teaching in the Greencastle schools. Mildred J ackson is teaching in Chicago. Guy Johnson spent the week end, Nov. 25 and 26, Visiting friends in Terre Haute. Helen Wright visited in Terre Haute, NOV. 25 and 26. J eannette Baker spent Thanksgiving With friends in Clay City. Abigail Smith Visited Terre Haute friends Dec. 3 and 4. Louise Pell Visited With Edith Brunker, Dec. 3 and 4. Otto Christy visited State Normal, Nov. 12. Ernest Unverferth Visited at I. S. N., Nov. 12 and 19. Mr. Denman, a graduate of Earlham College, was here visiting friends, Nov. 12. Mr. Neyhouse was Visiting friends in Terre Haute, Sunday, Nov. 13. Miss Susa J acques, ,09, is teaching Latin and English in schools of Kempton. Mr. VVorthman, a former student of I. S. N., is teaching mathematics at Decatur, Ind., and Will return to I. S. N. to graduate in 1911, spring term. Miss Katherine Keiser is teaching German at Linton, Ind. She was visiting friends at I. S. N., Nov. 29. Miss Cast spent Thanksgiving at her home, Kirklin. Niiss Richey spent Thanksgiving at her home in Thorntown. Mr. Binford was at his home in Rushville during holidays. Misses Crull and Clifford spent vacation at their homes in Dublin, Ind. Mr. A. W. Youngblood spent Thanksgiving vacation at Zenas, Ind. He taught the high school there last year. Miss McCorkle spent Thanksgiving at her home in Thorntovvn. Misses Greene and White spent Thanksgiv- ing vacation at home. Misses Shirley and Spitz spent vacation at home. ' Miss Peters Visiter friends at Raleigh during vacation. Mr. Tarplee Visited at I. S. N., Dec. 6. He is working in the city at present and Will enter school at the opening of the winter term. Mr. W. A. Hemmer, ,10 graduate, is principal of the high school at Holland, Ind. Mr. Hem- mer is a young man of ability, and Holland has reason to be glad that they could secure his services. Mr. Geo. Myer, graduate of ,10 class, is prin- cipal of the Haubstadt High School. Mr. Denzil Hightower, a graduate of class of i07, is a member of the faculty of Oakland City THE NORMAL ADVANCE - 87 College. Mr. Hightower has held this position Mr. John Friedman, 0f 10, is teaching in since graduating from I. S. N. Oklahoma. Miss Margaret L. Hill, 10, is teaching Eng- Mr. Emil Mangel, of class of ,06, is superin- lish in the Boonville High School. tendent 0f Tell City schools, Tell City, Ind. Mr. Lawrence Hurst, i08 I. S. N., also 10 I. Mr. Wm. F. Kamman, 10 class, is superine U., is superintendent of schools at New Har- tendent of schools at E1berfe1dt,Ind. mony. CHRISTMAS CAROL. When Christ was born in Bethlehem, Twas night, but seemed the noon of day; The stars, Whose light Was pure and bright, Shone With unwavering ray; But one, one glorious star Guided the Eastern Magi from afar. Then peace was spread throughout the land; The lion fed beside the tender lamb; And With the kid, T0 pastime led, The spotted leopard fed; In peace, the calf and bear, . ' The wolf and lamb reposed together there. As shepherds watched their hooks by night, An angel, brighter than the sunis own light, Appeared in air, And gently said, Fear notwbe not afraid, For 10! beneath your eyes, Earth has become a smiling paradise. wFrom ttEarly Tmnslatz'onw by Longfellow. 88 THE NORMAL ADVANCE EXCHANGES THAT BRIEF FLIGHT. Up agtin, Gone aan, Home .21in11, VVeHmatueEw. English WaiterwttWhich side of the table do you Wish to sit on, siriw American Guest-ttI prefer to sit on a chair? eTit Bits. 7 An Irishman at a fair got- poked in the eye With a stick and took proceedings against the offender. I Said the magistrate: 4Come, now, you donIt really believe he meant to put your eye outW ttFaith, youIre right, this time;7 said Pat, ttfor I believe he tried to put it farther in?7 -Tz't Bits. ttVVhen I graduate, 111 step into a position at $20,000 per-f modestly announced the Senior. t4Per What?7 inquired the Soph. CtPer-hapsw bowled the noisy Freshier-Em. x Teacher: What kind of poetry did Caedmon write? Pupil: Rustic poetry. Teacher: About What, for instance? Pupil: Why, heaven and the angelsr-Em. ttVVhy do we call our language the mother tongueW LtBecause the father never gets a chance to use it, my sonW-Ew. Teacher: thVhy are you tardy Tommyw Tommy: 4tSchool began before I got here.w eEw. ttDonIt trouble yourself to stretch your mouth any Wider? said the dentist to the patient, ttI intend to stand outside to draw the toothW-Ew. Young anatomist tseeing a piece of rubber tubing 0n the floory Ah, some poor fellow must have fallen here and broken his neck! -Ea:. The Absent-minded ProfessorettMy tailor has put one button too many on my vest. I must cut it off. Hie did sod That,s funny; now there,s a buttonhole too manyeSaum're. ttYesj, said young Mrs. Torkins, ttI am sure our garden is going to be a successf, 4cSo soonW t4Yes, the chickens have tasted everything, and they are perfectly enthusiastic? eVVasMngton Star. The Apostrophe and the Budget: The BishopsettThe Lordfs Will be done? The LordsettThe Lordas Will be done? The PeopleettThe Lords Will be done? eLife. ttYou know that $10 your lent me-J, ccNot now. Introduce me? -0Zeoelcmd Leader. ttNow, in order to subtract? the teacher eX- plained, ttthings have always to be of the same . denomination. For instance, we couldn,t take 3 apples from 4 pears, nor 6 horses from 9 hogs? ttTeacherW shouted a small boy, ttcantt you take 4 quarts of milk from S cows W ewJewz'sh Ledgen THE NORMAL ADVANCE 89 WHAT HIA1VATHA PROBABLY DID. He slew the noble Mudjekeewis With his skin he made him mittens; Made them With the fur side inside; Made them With the skin-Side outside; He, to keep the warm side inside, Put the cold side, skin-Side outside; He, to keep the cold side outside, Put the warm side, fur-side, inside-a ThaUs why he put the cold side outside, Why he put, the. warm side inside, WVhy he turned them inside outside. hAnonymous. There was a young fellow named Tait, Who dined With his girl at 8 :08; But Pd hate to relate What that fellow named Tait And his tete-a-tete ate at 8:08! WOamlyn Wells. If In Need of Printing, See Us We are prepared 'to take care of your printing, such as Cards Programs, Stationery, etc., in fact anything in commercial printing. IN OUR OWN PRINT:SHOP. TRY US. ORBIEL SUPPLY 00. 112-114 NORTH SIXTH STREET We also carry a full line of Office Supplies. Desks, Filing Cabinets, and in fact, every thing used in an office. - THE NORMAL ADVANCE Craffs Book Sto re 672 Wabash Ave. 8 Buy Your Gift Articles Here The MQSit CQmplleite and Dependable Stgck in Western Endiana A full school stock at Both Stores The Normal Book Store Corner Sixth and Cherry Also 672 Wabash Ave. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 91 NQRMAL BQQK STQRE CORNER SIXTH AND CHERRY STREETS. TERRE HAUTE, IND. The Old Reliable Stand. Everything the student needs for his school work. Also School Pennants of all kinds, Bibles, Choice Fiction, Christmas Articles of many kinds. EVERYTHING AT ROCK BOTIOM PRICES 4m e NURMAL ADVANBE MOOI'e-Langen Printing Co. ' THEPAPERFURBUTH TEACHER AND STUDENTI Printerse Binders You Need It Blank Book Manufacturers We Need Your Subscription PUBLISHERS SEND US YOUR NAME AND ADDRESS NOW And Get the COMPLETE Volume B th ph 64 0 0m NINE ISSUES ONLY $1.00 A YEAR CRAFT9S BOOK STORE 672 WABASH AVENUE. NEARLY OPPOSITE TRACTION STATION No. 21 North Sixth Street TERRE HAUTE. IND. Everything for Christmas. The most COMPLETE and VARIED stock of RELIABLE BOOKS, and Choice Stationey in the city. Prices Guaranteed to be Absolutely Right 92 THE NORMAL ADVANCE If It Is Used in the Normal You Can Get It At the Orbiel Supply Co. CNew Whitcomb-Allen Bldg. 112-114 North Sixth Street TheOneBookStore for the Normal 3m l In addition to the large stock of Text. Books, Pennants, Pillows Pins, etc., we have added a FULL LINE OF THE NEWEST FICTION at the popular prices of 48c and $1.08. Copyrighted Novels, Illustrated Gift Books, Pictures, Post Cards, Crepe Papers and Christmas Tags, Cards, Stickers, etc. Waterman1s Ideal $1.25 up, and a large line of Fountain Pens including The ttOrbielW fully guaranteed $1.00 Fountain Pen, Which has no equal at the price. We carry a complete line of Kindergarden Material and solicit your mail orders and give prompt attention. We are here to serve you. Mail us a list of your wants. Second Hand Books Bought and Sold Send us a list of the books you wish to sell and we will quote you prices. THE NQRMAL ADVANCE VOLUME XVI. TERRE HAUTE, IND., JANUARY, 1911. NUMBER 4. Qtuulh WEIR ?But 331mm Could we but know The land that ends our dark, uncertain travel, Where he those happier hills and meadows low- Ah! if beyond the spiriVs inmost cavil Aught of that country could we surely know- Who would not go? Might we but hear The hovering angely high imagined chorus, Or catch, betimes, with wakeful eyes and Clear, One radiant Vista of the realm before us, With one rapt moment given to see and hear, Ah, who would fear? Were we quite sure To find the peerless friend who left us lonely, Or there, by some celestial stream as pure, To gaze in eyes that here were lovelit only- This weary mortal coil, were we quite sure,- Who would endure? eE. U. Stedman. 94 THE NORMAL ADVANCE A Comparative Sketch of'the Schools of Indiana and Wisconsin J. o. ENGELMANN, ,01 Vice-President and Head of the Department of Education, State Normal School, La Crosse, Wis. Because I. S. N. has so many alumni scat- tered throughout VVisoonsin, and because the school system of the Badger state differs in so many particulars from Indianats, it occurred to . me, on accepting the invitation of the editor of the ADVANCE to contribute an article for an early number, that a comparison of the two states7 systems of schools might nto be void of interest. One of the first features to impress itself upon the teachers coming from Indiana is the number of inspectors of the various schools of the state. Besides the state superintendent and his assistant, there is a high school inspector, and inspector of schools for the deaf, two graded school inspectors and an inspector of rural schools. These five oflieials spend most of their time in actual school visitation, most often accompanying the county superintend- ents. To no small degree a teacher7s chances for promotion are determined by the kind of reports made by these inspectors. The Normal school system is, of course, in marked contrast to Indiana7s. There are now eight State Normal Schools here, and 'the ninth one is all but assured. They are all under the control of a single board of regents. They are well distributed geographically, be- ing located at Platteville, Whitewater, River Falls, Stevens Point, Milwaukee, Oshkosh, Su- perior and LaCrosse. The new one Will go to Eau Claire. The attendance at each school is larger than might be supposed by a teacher used to Indi- anals system. The total enrollment in the eight schools is justnow about twenty-eight hundred and fifty. LaCrosse, the newest of the eight, just entered upon its second year, has enrolled three hundred thirty-six this fall. Unlike I. S. Nfs attendance, the attendance in the schools here is almost uniform throughout the year. The spring terms do not bring a noticeable in- crease in the enrollment. Though there are two-year courses for teache ers Who are preparing to go into the rural schools, open to students Who have had eight years? work in the grades, and four-year courses open to students Who have finished ninth year, the greater number of students in all of the Normals, and the only ones admitted into some of them, are high school graduates. Such stu- dents complete their prescribed courses in two years. In all of the courses there is far less of freedom given to students to take electives than is true in Indianais school. The Normal School system in Wisconsin is a splendid one, With much greater possibilities ahead of it. The Board of Regents has J 11st de- cided to ask the legislature for one million dol- lars to be expended Within the next live years in putting the schools upon a better footing. This, of course, Will mean better buildings7 better equipment and better salaries. Such a spirit of unity, and such a recognition of the needs of the Normal Schools, With such large appreciation of their service, resulting in a willingness to make large demands for them, have never been known in the state before. Two classes of schools numerous here are not found in Indiana at all. They are the County Training Schools for Teachers, and County Schools of Agriculture and Domestic Economy. Both classes of schools are supported in part by the state, and in part by the counties in Which they are located. There are twenty-four of the former, and five of the latter. The chief THE NORMAL ADVANCE 95 function of the County Training Schools is to prepare teachers for the rural schools. The schools of agriculture make their appeal pri- marily t0 sons and daughters of farmers who wish to take back to the farm the industrial ' science Which is so rapidly transforming Wis- consin from a pioneer lumber state into one of the foremost states of the Union in its agricul- tural interests, and particularly in dairying. In hiring teachers, raising local revenues, etc., the district system prevails here in most of the state, rather than the township system of Indiana. As there are three school officers for each district school, a county school board convention, Which must be called annually, may include three or four hundred men, or even more in some counties. The minimum term of the public schools is eight months, as fixed by a state law, many of the district schools having nine months sessions. But the salaries of rural teachers are still far below those paid in Indiana. There is no mini- mum salary law, though a strong eifort Will be made to get one at the next meeting of the legislature. Many teachers are receiving not more than thirty-five dollars per month, and I have found some employed at thirty. Last year the average salary paid rural teachers in LaCrosse county was but a few cents more than thirty-four dollars per month. Wisconsin has a compulsory school law very similar to Indianais. It does not, however, have the same adequate means of enforcing it. There are no tttruant OfHCGI'S,,, created for the purpose, except in the cities; but the sheriff and his deputy have powers of truant oHioer, While the factory inspector tof the statey and assistant inspectors are empowered ttto enforce all legal requirements relating to school attendance? The legal school age is from four to twenty, in contrast again with the age limits in In- diana. Wisconsin has no uniform text books, and no state adoptions, therefore. Each school dis- triet is a unit for the adoption of the text of its choice. Of the 7,193 districts reporting in 1 ttConductorIs License. 1908, 2,811, or a little more than one-third of them, furnish text books free. The Normal Schools, too, furnish text-books free to their students, though to me there is more to condemn than to commend in the prac- tice. The county superintendents, With duties very similar to those of Indiana, are elected by popular vote every two years. Their salaries are not uniform, but are fixed in each instance by a county board of supervisors. The smallest salary that is legal, however, is five hundred dollars; While the highest salary paid a county superintendent at present is eighteen hundred dollars per year. Just a few weeks ago I was surprised to note, on reading of the proceed- ings of the county board in one of the largen counties, that the salaries of the county super- intendent and the janitor of the court house had been fixed at twelve hundred dollars each. It may be a matter of surprise to many students to know that fifteen of the seventy-two county superintendents in Wisconsin are women. IVisconsiIfs high schools are perhaps second to none in the Union. The state university, located in Madison, is one of the greatest, if not the leading one, in the country. It exercises an influence over the high schools not dupli; cated in many states, I think. Just now its ftdominationh is being persistently questioned, even by the State Department of Public In- struction. An effort is being made to loosen up the system, and to permit more freedom in the local introduction of high school courses that shall meet the growing demand for industrial and vocational training in the high school, and Which shall at the same time be given full recognition by the university to students enter- ing for collegiate work. There is a supervision and regulation of in- stitute work little known in Indiana. No one is permitted to do institute work Without a it There is a graded sys- tem of salaries for such work, fixed by an 4tIn- stitute Committed, of Which the state superin- tendent is chairman. 96 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Until last summer most counties of the state held mid-summer institutes varying in length from five to fifteen days. A recent law has displaced these long institutes by diverting most of the funds Which formerly supported them to the summer terms of the State Normal Schools, Which prospective teachers must at- tend for six weeks professional training as In- dianats teachers must attend for twelve weeks. Shorter county institutes,m0st of them two days each, and corresponding to the county associa- tions of Indiana, are growing in popularity and frequency. But there is no organization here resembling the township institute of In- diana, an organization that has long been a power for professional growth among Hoosier schoolmasters. In conclusion, it may be added that VViscon- sin schools have one large problem little known to teachers in Indiana: How to Americanize and assimilate the large foreign population found here. Readers of the ADVANCE can ap- preciate the problem in part When reminded that more than one-fourth of Wisconsints popu- lation of 2,069,042, in 1900, were foreign born, and nearly half of the children were of foreign born parents. Germany furnishes by far the largest number, While next in order come Nor-V way, Canada, Poland, Sweden, Ireland, Den- mark, Bohemia and Switzerland, to say noth- ing of a dozen other countries furnishing num- bers below five or six thousand each. That the state is becoming homogeneous and all-Ameri- can, in spite of such an influx of foreign blood, is a fine tribute to its public schools, in Which the Englsh tongue is oft-times heard for the first time. XIX. I sometimes think that never blows so red The Rose as Where some buried Caesar bled; That every Hyacenth the Garden wears Dropt in her Lap from some once lovely Head. XXVI. Why, all the Saints and Sages Who discuss7d Of the TWO Worlds so Wisely--they are thrust, Like foolish prophets, forth; their Words of Scorn Are scattered, and their Mouths art stopt With Dust. ettThe Bubaiyat 0f Omann Khayyam? THE NORMAL ADVANCE C0 .4 The Doctor THIRZA PARKER, '1 1 Dr. Elliott opened the door of the little room he called his oliice, felt his way in the darkness to the match-box on the mantelpiece, and lit the gas. Then he took down the slate which hung above his desk, and scanned its contents. There was no call for him. lVith a sigh of relief he dropped into the chair beside his desk and allowed himself to relax. The weary body sank deeper into the great chair, and the eyes closed. The lines of care gradually smoothed themselves out, and the doctor slept. The gaslight played uncertainly over the un- conscious ligure; at times, bringing out the face in flaring relief, as the flame fluctuated in the current of air from the half-open door. It was a face good to look upon; the fea- tures, decisive, and clear-cut as a piece of sculp- tured marble, the forehead, high and broad; the lips, thin, and tightly closed. It was a face to inspire confidence-the confidence that power always begets. i Exhausted, the doctor slept on while the 01d clock ticked Off the minutes, and the impish gaslight played strange, fantastic tricks with the shadows on the wall. VVhiri'! the telephone bell broke the silence insistently, imperiously. The doctor sat up suddenly, and took down the receiver. gtHello! Yes, Yes, this is Dr. Elliott. Who? 0, that you, Adele? VVhatls wrong? Bertie? Yes, be out right away?7 He hung up the receiver hurriedly, seized his medicine case as he passed out, and sprang into his waiting buggy. The tired horse was urged to his fastest gait, and Dr. Elliott drove furi- ously through the darkness to the bedside 0f the Child of the woman he loved. Adele Roman had come into his life like a breath of the spring, completely transforming his matter-of-fact existence. Married, when hardly more than a child, to a man many years her senior, she had managed to retain the fresh sweetness of her girlhood, undisturbed. Since her husbandis death, she had lived quietly, at home, caring for her little boysa hopeless cripple. To Dr. Elliott she had given her heart as naturally as a flower turns toward the sun. There was only one cloud on their horizon, but it had been growing larger of late. The child, Bertie, was failing, visibly, and Dr. Elliott found himself baffled and powerless to stem the ebbing llow 0f the childis Vitality. Not to be able to help hersthere lay the bitter- ness. His hands tightened, involuntarily, 0n the reins and the intervening miles. seemed inter- minable. Arriving at the house, he strode with quick nervous tread up the broad, gravelled path, and with nervous impatience lifted the knocker. Adele, herself, answered his summons7 and in silent, anxious questioning he scanned her face. It was a wondrously lovely face. Dr. Elliott had gazed upon it scores of times, but each eX- ploring glance left him wondering, and uncer- tain. He found himself turning to it again and again, searching for the secret of its charm, for the something that always hovered there, always elusive, always evading his grasp. But tonight, as he looked, he was conscious only of a piteous call for help, and all the power of his being responded to the call. ttO, I thought you would never come. 0, Robert, I think he is dying W she Whispered. He followed her into the room where the Child lay, the pinched little face, now tinged with deathly blue, twitching in pain, the whole form convulsed in a paroxysm of agony. He took the small hand into his own and, measured 98 the slow-beating pulse. He laid his hand on the forehead. It was damp With the dew of death. Dr. Elliott dropped a tiny white tablet into a glass of water, and held it to the childis lips. Then, watch in hand, took his position at the foot of the bed. Adele sat by the bedside, sobbing silently7 brokenly, now stroking the tiny hand, now caressing the damp curls; calling his name softly, pleadingly, questioning if she had left alight undone; seeking to hold by whispered prayers and loves pleading, the little life that was wearing itself out in an agony of pain. The doctor glanced at his watch, dropped a second white tablet into the glass and gave it to the child. The paroxysms had grown fainter and fainter as the tablets took effect, and now, as they watched, ceased altogether, and the child lay, motionless as a leaf in a summer calm. Adele had ceased to sob and sat with the tiny blue hand clasped in both her own. Dr. Elliott, watch in hand, remained motionless at the foot of the bed, his eyes intent on the childls face. Ten minutes longer was all he could count 011. Would the little life last that long? And if not The minutes slowly ticked away, the intent eyes of the doctor never left the tiny face on the pillow. Ah-hl yes it was coming back; the face was even now twitching with the oncoming paroxysm. Dr. Elliott grasped the foot-board, and Adele half rose in terrilied. appeal. ' ' itO, Robert! its coming back. 0, dear Lord, cant you help him?,, The voice died away in a moan 0f agonized appeal as the little form doubled itself again in pain, and the little sufferer gasped and fought for breath. Great drops of sweat stood out on the doctors face, and the words he wished would not comeehe could only shake his head, silent- ly. He had given the child the limit of the morphiia. He dare not give him more. THE NORMAL ADVANCE In the silent room he could hear no sound but Adelels 10w sobbing, and the gasping breath of the child. Ah! how long would it last? He passed his hand over his eyesehe must thinkethe room stifled him. He opened the door and passed out into the hall, but he could not escape that choked, gasping breath- ing. And thiseGOd, it might last all night! He shook with nervous dread. He had saved scores of children, but for this, Adelels child, he Could not abate one little jot of its death agony. He beat his hands impotently 0n the unresponsive wall, his dry lips moved in re- bellious questioning, his head sank forward and rested against the cold sqrface of the wall. He could hear quite plainly the moaning 0f the child. He lifted his head and walked unstead- ily toward the door of the sick room and turned the knob. - Adele was still sitting by the bed, holding the small hand, and praying, softly. Dr. Elliott motioned her silently for a glass 01 : Water, and with steady hand dropped the dead- ly White tablet into the glass and gave it to the child. Gently, he took Adeleas unresisting hand into his own, and together they watched. Gradually the convulsed little form straightened itself, the tiny hands relaxed, and the child lay at ease. The soft breathing grew fainter and fainter, until with a long, 10w sigh, it ceased altogether. The child was dead. The succeeding days were to Dr. Elliott a long hideous dream. At first, he was able to fill his days with action, to drive himself to the limit of physical endurance, until the tired body must rest from pure exhaustion. But in the long evenings, when he sat by the fire With Adele, the inner voice set up its ceaseless mur- mur, dragging him this way and that, torturing him, wearing him out as the ceaseless wave beats the helpless piece of driftwood against the rocks. Adele tried in vain to rouse him. He seemed to have lost interest in everything that had be- THE NORMAL ADVANCE 99 fore been as the breath of his life. remorse were eating his heart out. Thinking to ease his mind by talking of the child, Adele one evening led him into the room where the Child had lain. Everything was just as it had been left, and Dr. Elliott, standing by the little table, picked up an empty phial. Suddenly his face blanched, he strode t0 the window and held the phial t0 the light. His Grief and hand shook, and the eyes he slowly turned on Adelets wondering face saw her not-they were wide open, staring, as the eyes of a man who has trod on the brink of a precipice, staring down into :the blackness belowehorror and un- comprehending relief reflected in them. With a choking, inarticulate cry, he held the phial aloft that she might see. I t was not labelled 772077971567. Forty-first Anniversary JANUARY 1, 1911 On Friday, January 6, at 9 a. 111., the forty- first anniversary of the founding of the In- diana State Normal School was observed by the school. The address of the occasion was delivered by Professor Sandison. His remarks were largely reminiscent in character.- He began by relating how after an absence from Terre Haute he met a N orwegian struct- ural steel worker who informed him that a ttNorman7 school was to be erected. He re- membered the sturdy character of the Norse- men who made themselves felt in so many lands from the ninth to the eleventh centuries, and consequently he was eager to see them begin their work in Terre Haute. There followed an account of the, taking down of the 01d seminary and the construction after a lapse of time of the new building. The laying of the corner stone was a memorable oc- casion; Gov. Morton was one of the speakers. After a number of months the work of the ttNormans7 was completed. Then the various college presidents, school superintendents, and other leading educators of Indiana gathered in the assembly hall to welcome the new institu- tion; not as a rival, but as a supplement to the other educational institutions of the state. The next day the school began to receive students. The speaker gave a little history of each of the thirteen 0r fourteen students and 0f the mem- bers of the faculty, including the distinguished first president7 Wm. A. J ones. All of this occurred in 1870, and 1870 was a memorable year. Conditions were far diiferent from what they were in 1789. During Washing- tonts time, the people were in bondage to space and time. Moreover, there were not many books; literature was at a low ebb. As to politi- cal affairs, a man could not expatriate himself; force, rather than reason, was used in settling disputes. In education, the training of the lawyer, doctor, and preacher was diEerentiated, but not so with that of teachers. On the other hand, in 1870, a railroad was completed, making it possible to travel from Boston to San Francisco in a week, and there was much travel abroad. Literature was flour- ishing; Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes, and Emerson were at the height of their power. Lowell was writing his critical essays, and Parkman and Motley were just finishing their great historical works. The peaceable settle- ment by the mediation of the German Emperor of our dispute with England about the bound- ary in British Columbia showed that reason was superseding force in such matters. The negro was given the right of suifrage, guaran- teed against denial or abridgment on account of race, color, or previous condition of servi- tude. The right to expatriate one,s self had 100 THE NORMAL ADVANCE already been acknowledged by England and Germany. Finally, in 1870, education in In- diana was differentiated fundamentally. Where- as in New York and other states the differentia- tion of the education of the teacher was super- ficial, the teacher receiving the same training as the clerk, etc., with a few recipes in methods and courses in psychology grafted on, the In- diana State Normal set for itself the following aim: to master the subject as to facts, to seek the cleavage idea, and to organize the subject according to the childls development; to study the facts of phychology, seek its cleavage idea, and so organize the subject. This thought was embodied by Pres. Jones in the expression: ttThe fact in the thing, the law in the mind, and the method in both? Because of this conception Dr. Harris said that the Indiana State Normal School was organized on a higher philosophic plane than any other normal within his knowl- edge. ttThnsf9 concluded Mr. Sandison, tt in a quiet way, Indiana did its part to make 1870 a great yearW It is to be hoped that the custom of observ- ing Foundation Day will be continued at I. S. N., and that in time it will become one of the most important days of the year. The Magic Ring A Myth KATE V. BLACK, '11 Rollo sat lone and dejected, by the waters edge. The murmur and ripple of the water, lapping and swishing among the reeds and water lilies held no music for his soul. The music of Nature struck deaf ears; Nature held no call to which he responded; she had no effect upon his troubled nerves. The reason for all this despondency lay with the princess Navola; she, and she alone, was the cause of all the troubled expression on the brave Rollols face. Now this Navola was loved by two handsome youths, one Rollo and the other Nealon. Both were very brave and noble7 but Nealon was much wealthier than Rollo. However, Navola loved the handsome Rollo more than Nealon. But this Navola had a father whose favor al- ways was measured by the amount of wealth one had. Of course he was anxious that his daughter marry Nealon. In a fit of passion, he told her that she must become the wife of Nealon. Upon hearing this severe command, Navola saw at once the true state of her own feelings toward the two men. She implored her father to make one provision in his demands. Now this man really loved his daughter and at last granted her wish. But his great love for wealth still pervaded his thoughts. ttIf Rollo can present you with a ring, set with jewels that rival the queens jewels in beauty, he may have you for his wife? said he to Navola. In his heart he fully believed that the man could not get the ring and he would yet gain his wish. He set the day upon which the wedding was to take place, and bade the girl tell Rollo the conditions and that she had made the conditions herself. Rollo had been thinking and thinking, but to no avail. He could not meet the demands. The time was almost up and nothing done. Sorrow and despair had seized him and hopes were gone. But7 wonderful to tell, as he sat on the shore with his head in his hand, a strange sight appeared out on the water. A beautiful arm slowly rose from the depths. It was clothed in pure white samite; the wrist was encircled with such beautiful bracelets that Rollo was blinded THE NORMAL ADVANCE by their splendor. For the time being, he was lost to his troubles in wonder at the beau- tiful sight. He was more astonished than ever when the hand beckoned him to come. Being a brave man, Rollo immediately plunged into the water and with bold strokes made toward the up- lifted hand. Upon coming up to the hand, his wonder increased when he saw the jeweled fingers. ttO, if I only had one of those;7 he thought to himself. Imagine his surprise when he heard a voice from the depths say, icArt thou one Rollo of the court of PythiasW Without delay, Rollo answered, tcEven s037 4iTake7 then, the ring from my third finger. I am Fanetta, queen of the water-nymphs. We have long known of your brave, noble life and deem you worthy our help?7 ttThe only thing we ask? continued the voice, ttis that you tell no one whence it came and return it to me when you have no more need for it? The arm then slowly sank below the waves. Rollo swam swiftly back to the shore. Quickly making his way to Navolals home, he rushed into her apartments and threw the ring into her lap. Navola was surrounded by her maids WhO were preparing her for the wed- ding to take place that night. She was over- 101 joyed at the sight and hastened away to her father. Her father, of course, had to admit that this was the most beautiful ring he had ever seen. Navola returned to her maids triumph- ant. As she sat looking at the ring she thought, th have no dress suitable to wear with such a lovely ring as this. I wish I had just one? ' She had hardly made the wish when a beau- tiful little spirit stood before her, holding in her hands a robe of the most radiant colors. Navola, almost frightened to death, took the robe from the outstretched hands. Turning to thank the little nymph, she was astonished to lind her gone. Now the fact of the matter was that Navola had turned the ring quickly to the left just as she formed the wish. When this was done any wish made by the owner of the ring would be granted. Rollo was the happiest man alive that even- ing. Navola was never so beautiful as then. Her robes were more beautiful and costly than those of the queen and ladies of the court. The ring, needless to say, outshown all the other jewels. Always thereafter when Navola came to court she excelled in beauty all the other ladies. Their jewels seemed always to pale in contrast with hers and to lose a part of their radiance and brilliancy. XLVI. And fear not lest Existence closing your Account, and mine, should know the like no more ; The Eternal Sake from the Bowl has pourld Millions of Bubbles like us, and will pour. ettThe Rubaiyat of 0mm Khayyamfl 102 THE NORMAL ADVANCE An Impressive Ceremony At 3:40 p. 111., Dec. 12, 1910, in chemical lab- oratory, occurred a most impressive ceremony, the occasion being the presentation of a beauti- ful plate glass pivot mirror mounted in oxi- dized bronze and having engraved on the back the date of presentation. The vast assemblage, seated in the aisles and perched upon the desks, grouped about the veiled gift and waited im- patiently for Faculty meeting to begin so that the solemnity of the ceremonies might not be intruded upon by a stray member of that body. At last the Master of Ceremonies, Miss Me- Beth, arose and, after a few fitting introductory remarks, announced the speaker of the after- noon7 Mr. Byers, president of the College Course. The following appropriate speech was listened to with breathless interest: tiFourscore and seven years ago some great public benefactor hung on the walls of this re- nowned science hall a mirror conceived in philanthropy and dedicated to the proposition that the knowledge of beauty is next to the heart of the student of the grand old I. S. U. ccNow we are engaged in a more wonderful work, having tested that a mirror in which the faces of the old, the young7 the plain, the beau- tiful, the fat and the slim have been reflected, cannot forever endure. We have come to dedi- cate a new and nobler mirror, a gift of one who would make it possible for the Chemistry stu- dents of succeeding ages to View their lovely and unlovely countenances and, having done so, to let them live. , tiBut in a large sense we cannot fully dedi- cate, we cannot fully consecrate this most glori- ous gift. The hapless student who will be brave enough to view his own face-and many there will beewill be the one who will appreci- ate the benevolence of a student who in ages back pondered a kindly act. The world will little note what we say here, but the students of the coming ages will ever see what we did here. It remains for us to see to it that this noble gift be handed down to coming ages with increased glory and honor. It is for us to see to it that profane hands do not purloin this priceless treasure and thus rob posterity of its heritage. It is for us to see to it that this gift has not been dedicated in vain and that poster- ity shall give increased honor and reverence to hearts so mindful of them. tiLet us here highly resolve that beauty shall have a new stimulus under the influence of this ' gift, which shall forever endure, and that beau- tiful ladies and handsome gentlemen, such as those who now dedicate this mirror, shall not perish from the earth? tSuppressed applausej Miss MoBeth then called upon Prof. J ared, associate member of the Faculty, who7 having been a fellow-sufferer of the old mirror with the students, took a kindly interest in the pre sentation of the new one, and was present to deliver an address. With this request he re- luctantly complied. tRemarks greeted with muffled eheersj Then followed short extemj: ?i'aneous ad- dresses by Mr. Binford, of the Junior class, Mr. Carey, of the basket ball team, and Miss Enlow, of the Sophomore class. When the applause had died away after the last speech, Miss W'ehr arose and, seizing the silken cord arranged over the ball-bearing towel roller, drew the filmy veil and revealed this miracle of beauty in all its splendor to the marvelling throng.' We should like to mention the name of this benefactor, but he, being a modest person, for- bids such action. The general good feeling increased as im- mense boxes of sweetmeats-proclucts of well THE NORMAL ADVANCE known culinary departme11ts-were passed and the mirror reflected distorted though happy faces till the warning bell thrilled out the knell of this party day, and Prof. J ared felt duty- bound to close the laboratory. But days may 103 come and days may go and the days count up to weeks and months and years, so long as the mirror remains upon the wall it will reiiect to those fortunate enough to be present upon this occasion a most happy event. The Changed Cross MRS. HON. CHARLES HOBART tReproduced by requestI It was a time of'sadness, and my heart, Although it knew and loved the better part, Felt wearied With the conflict and the strife, And all the needful discipline of life. And While I thought on these, as given to me- My trial tests of faith and love to bee It seemed as if I never sure could be That faithful to the end I should endure. And thus, no longer trusting to His might, Who says, the walk by faith and not by sight? Doubting and almost yielding to despair, The thought aroseeMy cross I cannot bear. Far heavier its weight must surely be Than those of others which I daily see. Oh! if I might another burden choose, Methinks I should not fear my crown to lose. A solemn silence reigned on all arounde Eien Nature7s voices uttered not a sound; The evening shadows seemed of peace to tell, And sleep upon my weary spirit fell. A momentis pauseeand then a heavenly light Beamed full upon my wondering, raptured sight; Angels on silvery Wings seemed everywhere, And angelsl music thrilled the balmy air. Then one, more fair than all the rest to seee One to Whom all the others bowed the kneee Came gently to me as I trembling lay, And, thollow Me V7 He said, ch am the Way? Then, speaking thus, He led me far above, And there beneath a canopy of love, Crosses of divers shape and size were seen, Larger and smaller than my own had been. And one there was most beauteous to behold, A little one, With jewels set in gold. Ah! this, methought, I can With comfort wear, For it will be an easy one to bear. And so the little cross I quickly took; But, all at once, my frame beneath it shook. The sparkling jewels fair were they to see; But far too heavy was their WEIGHT for me. ttThis may not be? I cried, and looked again To see if there was anywhere could ease my pain; But, one by one, I passed them slowly by, Till on a lovely one I cast my eye. Fair flowers around this sculptured form en- twined, And grace and beauty seemed in it combined. Wondering, I gazed, and still I wondered more To think so many should have passed it o,er. 104 THE NORMAL ADVANCE But, 0! that form so beautiful to see Soon ma de its hidden sorrows known to me; Thorns lay beneath those flowers and colors fair! Sorrowing, I said, gtThis cross I may not bear? And so it was With each and all arounde Not one to suit my NEED could there be found. Weeping, I laid each heavy burden down, AS my Guide gently said, th0 cross, no crown W At length, to Him I raised my saddened heart. He knew its sorrows, bid its doubts depart. che not afraid,77 He said, clbut trust in Me-- My perfect love shall now be shown to thee? And then With lightening eyes and Willing feet, Again I turned, my earthly cross to meet, With forward footsteps, turning not aside, For fear some hidden evil might betide. And thereein the prepared, appointed way, Listening to hear, and ready to obeyu A cross I quickly found of plainest form, With only words of love inscribed thereon. IVith thankfulness I raised it from the rest, And joyfully acknowledged it the best- The only one of all the many there That I could feel was good for me to bear. And, While I thus my Chosen one confessed, I saw a heavenly brightness on it rest; And, as I bent, my burden to sustain, I recognized my own old cross again. But, 0! how different did it seem to be, Now I had learned its preciousness to see! No longer could I unbelieving say, Perhaps another is a better way. And, so; heneceforth my own desire Shall be, That He Who knows me best shall choose for me; And so, WhateIer His love sees good to send, IIll trust ifs best, because He knows the end. LXVI. I sent my Soul through the Invisible, Some letter of the After-life to spell; And by and by my Soul returned to me, And answered, III myself am HeaWn and Hell? LXVIII. IVe are no other than a moving row Of Magic ShadOW-shapes that come and go Round with the Sun-illumined Lantern held In Midnight by the Master of the Show. ettThe Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?a THE NORMAL ADVANCE 105 DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE Saltpetre Beds of Chili SUSIE FRIES, C. C. The nitrate of Chili is found in the desert region of western Chili, fifteen miles from the sea in some places, while in others it is ninety miles. The deposits form a strip of an aver- age width of about a mile, which runs from north to south for a distance of more than three hundred miles; it being four miles wide in some places, while in others it is not at all notice- able. In some fields the nitrate rock lies near the surface, or on the surface of the soil, while in others it lies thirty or forty feet below the surface with a stratum on top. There are a number of theories advanced regarding the formation of the nitrate beds. One theory assumes that the desert was at one time the bed of an inland sea, and that the nitrate came from the decayed nitrogenous sea- weed. Another theory is that the electrical discharges among the Andes united the ele- ments of the air making nitric acid. This acid was carried down through the ages in the floods of the Andes and deposited on their beds in the form of nitrate of soda. Still another theory is that the ammonia arising from the beds of guano on the islands near the coast was carried by the winds over the coastal hills and then condensed and united with other chemicals forming the deposit. This third theory, with some modification, is generally accepted. The guano inaking birds are of many species, the principal one being the pelican. It is said that they fly about the land in such great nums bers that they sometimes darken the face of the ocean. They subsist on fish, and at night roost in the trees along the coast. In countries where the temperature is high and animal substances are decomposing in the presence of basic compounds, the nitrogen com- bines with oxygen and With the metal of the base and forms a salt. The change of the animal and vegetable nitrogenous substances to nitrate is brought about by the action of mi- nute organisms, which are found everywhere and serve the purpose of converting the waste animal and vegetable matter into simple com- pounds which can be utilized as food by plants. The Chilian saltpetre beds form an irreg- ular layerecombined with other substancese broken up into barren parts in which almost. always common salt prevails, or simply a mix- ture of clay, gravel and sulphate of soda. The vein of the nitrate of soda in the layer varies. In the province of Tarapaca the medium quality amounts to 60 per cent in some points. Further south this quality of Caliche diminishes and does not exceed 30 per cent. These deposits are formed at different altitudes. ' The diferent layers of a saltpetre deposit are as follows: 1. Chuca. This is a clay mixed with earth which is very fine. 2. Costra. Forms the immediate covering for the caliche. 3. Caliche. This layer contains saltpetre and it is very thick in some places, while in others it is very thin. 4f Congelo and Cova. This is the last layer and rests upon the rock. It contains a mixture of common salt, diiferent kinds of other salts and sulphates. There is no saltpetre in this layer. The stratum lies about two or three feet, perhaps more, under the surface of the earth and quite often a salt rock is noticed above it. A hole is bored through large enough to ad- mit a boy, and he is let down and arranges a place and fixes a fuse. He is then pulled out and the explosive, which is used, is exploded. 106 As a result, a yellow cloud of smoke and dust is thrown into the air and the earth is torn up for a distance of thirty or forty feet around the hole. Picks and crowbars are used to dig the nitrate out. It is broken into good sized pieces, put upon iron carts and hauled to the factories. The purifying factory is situated in the cen- ter of the nitrate field, and the caliche is sub- mitted to' a purifying process. The caliche, which is in combination with other salts, is heated to the boiling point. The resultant so- lutions are carried by troughs to vats, where the nitrate of soda is crystallized along with the potash, which quantity is very small. Also a small amount of salt, sulphate and other im- purities is found in it. The quality of salt- petre thus crystallized averages about 95 per cent of nitrate of soda. Refined saltpetre which averages about 96 per cent, is obtained by means of a short and light decantation pro- cess. By this process a part of the salt and some other impurities are left. The refined chemical is passed to crystallizing vats. EX- tensive vats are used for this process. 1,000,000 pounds of saltpetre can be refined daily by this process. i The work of preparing the saltp-etre is in the hands of foreigners. It is said that about $100,000,000 of English capital is invested in these factories. Chili has been exporting an- nually from twenty to thirty million dollars worth of nitrate for some time the greatest amount being sent to Europe t1,000,000 pounds a yearJ The United States buys about $3,000,- 000 worth per year. One will have some idea of the very great growth of this industry when it is known that fifty years ago, when the Erst shipment was made, only twenty barrels were sent out. These were sent to Liverpool. Soon many ships were used in carrying the product to Europe. Since then the consumption has in- . income of the state. THE NORMAL ADVANCE ceased nearly 100 per cent every ten years. In 1882 exportations amounted to 10,701,000 Spanish quintals. i In the period, inclusive from 1832 to 1904, the total reached a sum of 602,438,000 quintals 0r 61,087,213,200 pounds, equal to 27,271,077 long tons of 2,240 pounds. Railways are means by which the saltpetre is shipped from the clarifying factory to the coast. These railways ascend to a height of 4,000 feet above sea level. Export duties on saltpetre 0f Chili have for the last twenty years been the chief source of From 85 to 87 per cent of the total revenue is derived from the eX- port tax on the saltpetre products. The nitrate beds have yielded, in the last twenty-live years, to the Chilian government, a sum of $273,000,- 000, and it is thought that during the next quarter of a century, on the basis of the export taX charged, the revenue will be $436,000,000. Saltpetre is regarded as the best fertilizer in all civilized lands, especially in Germany. It forms the main component part of all the artis licial manures used for the cultivation pur- poses. 1 According to one authority, one-third of the saltpetre used in the world, is used by the fac- tories in manufacturing nitric acid, smokeless powder, etc. The other two-thirds are used for fertilizing purposes. It has been proved that it is the most effective of all nitrogenous manures. Nitre 0r saltpetre is also employed in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, as an oxidizing agent in many chemical processes, and is eXe tensively used in medicine for different dis- orders such as rheumatism, sore throat and spasmodic asthma. The many other ways in which it is used are too numerous to be men- tioned here. The. Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF ERNEST L. WELBORN GROVER C.SUMMERS - .. . i Editor-in-Chief Associate Editor Literary Editor - 4 Society Editor - . Athletic Editor KATE V. BLACK ......... ELZIE STEWART ADA TICHENOR ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD LYDIA GRABBE. . . ETHEL HYDE THOMAS COBLE ..... RAE A. GOLDMAN -------- i Local and Alumni Editors - Senior Editor J unior Edito - Sophomore Editor ......... College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST ..... MELVIN K. DAVIS ..... CHARLES E. WALK ...... BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, lf.:u0177'r 0 PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MISS SWIHART ELMER A. Row, C. 0., Secretary HARRY HOWICK, 12 ......... Business Manager ...... Advertising Manager . Circulation Manager -,,11 KATHERINE LAFFERTY, t13 Published monthly from October to J une, inclusive. ......... $1.00 per Year . 15 Cents 35 Cents Terms Single Copies . . . Commencement N umber Address all communications to THE NORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute. Ind. ' Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. All alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Entered at the Terre Haute post 017105 as second class mail matter. We take great pleasure in presenting in this issue an article by Prof. J ames O. Englemann, Vice President and head of the Department of Education of the State Normal School at La Crosse, Wis. No doubt many of our readers Will remember that Mr. Englemann is an alumnus of I.- S. N., and that he resigned the principalship of the training school a year and a half ago in order to take up his present work in Wisconsin. In the latter field he is experien- cing great success. In addition to his work at LaCrosse, Mr. Englemann is serving as a State Institute Conductor, and he has delivered ad- dresses before several of the State teachers7 on ganizations and at a number of commence- ments. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 107 DonH; ask some one to let you read his copy of the ADVANCE. It is worth the subscription price, or it isnit worth anything. By subscrib- ing now, you can get the remaining six numbers including the large commencement number, for seventy cents. The commencement number alone Will cost you thirty-five cents. Though we have had enough material for each number, we believe that with a larger amount of material, the opportunity to select the best would enable us to make the paper better than it has been heretofore. Dmft wait for some one to ask you for a paper. If you have one, bring it to the office. We get nothing for our work save the glory; consequently, we shall appreciate the kindness of anyone who Will save us a few steps. A bill is to be introduced at the present ses- sion of the General Assembly to abolish the re- quirements of the Minimum XVage Law of 1907 for professional training for teachers. We feel sure that such an attempt at i'etrogression will fail utterly. Though our basket ball team has suffered several defeats, the men are not at all to blame. The team has lost one of its strong men, and it has met teams that probably had been training and working longer than they had. It is not yet too late for better fortune. Everyone should stand by the team and help I. S. N. add an athletic record to its recognized standing in scholarship. The Teachers Retirement and Disability act, discussed in these pages last month, is now be- fore the General Assembly. We advise our readers to watch its career. It is a progressive measure that should become law. 108 THE NORMAL ADVANCE ATHLETICS The first game on the Normal 7Varsity schedule was Normal vs. Central Normal Col- lege, Dec. 16th, 1910. The boys played well and the score showed 45-19 in our favor. With the opening of the winter term Man- ager Asbury submitted the following schedule: Jan. 4eDePauw art Greencastle. Jan. 6!R. P. I. at K. of C. Hall. J an. lOePurdue at Lafayette. J an. 12eDePauw at Normal Gym. J an. 20A-But1er at Normal Gym. Jan. 27eFra-nklin at Franklin. J an. 28-Han0ver at Hanover. Feb. 4-Franklin at Normal Gym. Feb. lleButler at Irvington. Feb. 16eHainover at Normal Gym. Feb. 24-R. P. I. at Normal Gym. Nickels, one of NormaPs best forwards, was forced t0 give up his position 011 the team on- account of his physical condition. His doctor advised complete rest and Normal regrets the loss of a good player. The tVarsity squad now stands as follows: Knox ............................. Forward Asbury ............................ Forward Clayton ............................. Center Bowles .............................. Guard McCullough ......................... Guard SubstituteSmBird, Demaree, Hickman, E11- ingwood, McCormick. Almost all the fellows 0n the teams which the Normal boys have played thus far have been heavier than our fellows, and thus ser- iously handicapped them. Our fellows are plucky and go at the big men with a smile that does not come off until the close of the game, and then the scores read thus: Nor'mal-DePauw, Jan. 4th, at Greencastle, 45-11 in favor of DePauw. Normal-R. P. 1., Jan. 6th, at K. of C. hall, 47-16 for Rose. Normal-Purdue, Jan. 10th, at Lafayette, 112- 6 in favor of Purdue. N ormal-DePauw, J an. 12th, at Normal Gym., 32-14 for DePauw. The fourth game of the series .Of inter-class contests was played Dec. 13th between the Seniors and J uniors, and the Sophomores and College Course. The record of the games reads: Seniors. J uniors. Nickels .......... Forward ............ Knox Asbury .......... Forward. . . . . . EuDaIey Jones, Clayton . . , .Center .......... Hickman Bowles ........... Guard ............. Shaw Alexander . . .Guard. Scudder, Welch ScoreeSeniors, 27; Juniors, 12. Sophomores. College Course. Bird ............. Forward ............. Row Mitchell, Bowles . .Forward ............. X Sher Demaree .......... Center ........... Nugent McCullough ..... .Guard. . . . . .. Byrne Coble i Mahan Swaidner ......... Guard .......... Strickler ScoreeSophsw 13; College Course, 10. Scorer and T imekeeper, Fishback. Referee, Charm'an. The hfth game of the inter-class series was played Wednesday p. 111., Dec. 14th, between the Juniors and College Course, and the Sen- iors and Sophomores. The Senior VS. Sophomore game was the event of the series. Upon the outcome of this long-Iooked for battle depended the dignity of the Seniors. The Seniors had a four-year record to uphold. Both teams were in splendid form and appeared on the floor anxious for the fray. The members of each class were there with their yell corps organized7 and class spirit ran high. The Sophomores had usurped the THE NORMAL ADVANCE ttgrandstandtt seats in the gymnasium proper, and the Seniors went at them indignantly, sending them flying to the alcove. They yelled ferociously throughout the entire game. Both teams did excellent work, especially in passing and guarding, but the invincible Seniors came out with a lucky 13 against the Soph. 10. The report of the games is: Seniors. Sophomores. Nickels .......... Forward ............. Bird Asbury .......... Forward ........ F. Bowles Clayton .......... Center .......... Demaree 109 Bowles ............ Guard. . . . . McCormick McCullough Alexander ........ Guard ............. Coble Score-Seniors, 13; Sophomores, 10. Juniors. College Course. Knox ............ Forward ............. ROW EuDaley ......... Forward ........... Asher Hickman .......... Center ........... Nugent Shaw ............. Guard............. Byrne VVelch, Binford . . . .Guard .......... Strickler ScoreeJuniors, 10; College Course, 7. Scorer, Fishback. Referee, Charman. Y. W. C. A. On Saturday evening, January 7 , the Y. W. and Y. M. C. A. gave a joint reception in the Association rooms. Miss Ethel Stanton Brown of Terre Haute, gave a violin solo and a read- ing, and Miss Grace Love sang. The main feature of the entertainment was the method used to give the young men their partners. Each man was given a part of a pic- ture or advertisement, the other parts were given to the girls. The real fun came in match- ing pictures. After the entertainment, the re- freshments were served. On Tuesday, January 10, Rev. Parker ad- dressed the members of the Y. W. C. A. in the Literary room. A cabinet meeting was held Wednesday even- ing. May Lidikay resigned her office of treasurer. Mae Brooking was elected to take her place. THE CLASSES t COLLEGE 00 URSE. A meeting of the College Course students was called WVednesday evening, for the purpose of electing ofiicers for the Winter term. It was decided that the ohicers who had served dur- ing the fall term should continue to serve dur- ing the Winter term. JUNIOR. The J unior class met in Room C, J anuary 6, and elected the following oHicers for the Winter term: President ...................... Mr. Howick Vice President .................. Mr. Binford Secretary ..................... Miss J ohnson Treasurer ........................ Mr. Shaw Class Artist .................... Miss Davies Athletic Captain .................. Mr. Knox The Class omcers extend an invitation to all J uniors to attend the class meetings. SENIOR. The Seniors met J anuary 4, and elected the following offlcers: A. W. Youngblood ................. President E. L. VVelbOrn ................ Vice President G. Summers ...................... Secretary J asper Curry ..................... Treasurer 1 10 Kate V. Black ........................ Artist Basil Byrne ................ Athletic Captain Lydia Grabbe ......................... Editor On F riday evening, J anuary 13, the Seniors and Sophomores held a joint meeting. An eX- cellent program was rendered, which was fol- lowed by an inter-elass social. SOPHOMORES. A portion of the Sophomore class met on Friday, J anuary 6, 1911. The ttloaxzkwardll7 ele ment of the class was very conspicuous by its absence. However, there were enough present to conduct the business of the meeting, which THE NORMAL ADVANCE was principally the election of officers for the winter term. President Haney called the meeting to order. Mr. Haney was re-elected president. Mr. Rob- inson was elected vice-president. Three young ladies were then nominated for the office of secretary. Miss Enlow was elected. Mr. Wright was chosen for treasurer, and Miss Eda son for class artist. In selecting a class editor, it is very evident that the meeting thought a talktive person most able to fill the oflice. Ac- cordingly, Mr. Coble was elected, since he is generally talking. Mr. Demaree had been nominated on several of the more important tickets, and by his persisting , he was able to ttlanell7 the office of yell master. Oratorical and Literary Organizations ORATOBIOAL LEAGUE. The preliminary debate to choose the teams which will represent this Normal school in the annual contest against the teams from Oshkosh and Normal, 111., was held Saturday morning, J anuary 14. The occasion showed a real con- test. The societies had chosen their strongest men to represent them and, although the num- ber of contestants was cut down by this pro- cess, yet the contest showed the results in a higher quality of thinking power and delivery. All of the contestants need to be congratulated upon their fine work. The result gives us much hope for a successful outcome when teams meet their opponents in April. The successful can- didates will not be separated into teams until after a period of work, at which time they will he so divided as to make the strongest possible team work. The subject for the preliminary debate was the same as for the inter-state de- bate, namely: ttResolved, that a law compell- ing the arbitration of labor disputes would be desirable? The team which debates here will take the aflirmative side of the question, and willmeet the team from Oshkosh. Our nega- tive team will go to Normal, 111., and defend that side against the Normal College team. The judges were Dr. Schlicher, Professors F. Gr. Mutterer and W. O. Lynch, who announced the following order as the result of the contest: Messrs. VVelborn, Haney, Shanner, Clayton, Pfingst, Gross, VanCleave and Mitchell. 1 FORUM. The F orum society held its fall term dance at St. Marys, Dec. 16. Miss Laura Minturn and Prof. E. E. Clippenger chaperoned the party. The guests of the evening were the Misses Ruth Wagner7 Ethel Hyde, .Zelpha Burkett, Jessie Andrew, Lenore Burnaln, Elmira Champe, Letitia F erree, Miss Albright, and Mr. and Mrs. Hyde. The members of the society present were the Messrs. Carl Scudder, E. M. Gifford, B. U. Byrn, J. Warren Curry, T. H. Mahan; E. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 111 Asher, D. R. Henry, Ray Jared, and Lee S. Troth. Mr. C. C. Hillis of Indianapolis, has return- ed to complete his course in Normal, and has taken up active membership with the Forum, of which he was a member in 1909. The Forum held a social in honor of Mr. Lee S. Troth, Dec. 21. Mr. Troth having completed his course in Normal is now continuing his work in Indiana University. The society re- grets to lose the active association of Mr. Troth, and wishes him well in his new work. ALETHENAI. The Alethenai Literary Society held its first meeting of the term Friday, J anuary 6. From all indications the work of. this term will be very practical and interesting. The following officers have been elected: Thirza Parker .................... President Eva Kehrer .................. Vice President Lydia Grabbe ..................... Treasurer Anna Forbes ...................... Secretary DAEDALIAN. The work of the Daedalian Literary Society was so successful in every way during the fall term, 1910, that the members are entering a new terms work with high spirits and con- fidence. The first meeting of the term was held January 7, 1911, at 8 :00 a. m. in the Liter- ary rOOm. As was the custom during the past term, the meetings will be held in the Literary room each Saturday morning at eight oielock. The othcers for the winter termtare as fole lows: President ..................... Mr. Summers Vice President ................... Mr. Tennell Secretary ...................... Mr. Binford T reasurer ..................... Mr. Swaidner Chaplain .................... Mr. C. Clayton Parliamentarian .................. Mr. Byers PHILOMATHEAN. The officers for the winter term are: President ..................... Louise Peters Vice President .................... Anna Cox Secretary .................... Eula McEwan Treasurer .................... J eanette Baker Parliamentarian .............. Flora Saupert Artist ......................... Lois Shirley The work of this term has already begun with interest. The principal features of the program are the drama, short debates and music. SOCIETY . x ALPHA. J anuary the 8th7 the Alphas went on a tramp, going afterwards to the home of Miss Maybelle Peck, 011 the FOrt Harrison road, where they enjoyed a delightful winter picnic. The dining room was tastefully decorated with black and yellow'festoons, and was lighted by candles. After the picnic the evening was spent in toasting marshmallows before an open tire. The members present were the Misses Hazel Kelley, Arpy Curry, Edith Hartley, Mary Aus- tin, Maude Richey, Franc Palmer, Marguerite Weleh, Myrtle Landerholm, Ethel Scudder, Simmone Crise, Ruby VVeills, Maybelle Peck, and Louise Gillum. They had as their guests the Misses Bertha Smith, Mary Colliver, Rachel Nauman, and Mary Gilkeson. J anuary the 13th, the Alpha chapter of the VVomen7s League served a buffet luncheon in the tea room of the Y. W. C. A. The hostesses were the Misses Mary Austin, Hazel Kelley, Edith Hartley, Maude Richey, Arpy Curry, Franc Palmer, Marguerite Welch, Ethel Saud- der, Simmone Crise, Ruby Weills, Maybelle Peck, Louise Gillum, Alma McCrum, Lucy Belle Settle, Lucy VVOOdy, Anna Price, Ruth 112 . A . Price, and Clara Lawrence. Their guests were the Misses Bertha Schweitzer, hiary Hill, Minnie Hill, Rachel Nauman, Louise Barbour, Mary Colliver, and Mary Grilkeson. January the 14th, the Alpha chapter of the Womenis League entertained with a matinee party followed by a light luncheon. They had as their guests the Misses Mary Colliver, Rachel Nauman, and Mary Gilkeson. The hostesses were the Misses Arpy Curry, Hazel Kelley, Maude Richey, Franc Palmer, Marguerite VVelch, Mary Austin, Maybelle Peck, Edith Hartley, Ethel Scudder, Simmone Crise, Ruby VVeills, Louise Gillum, Anna Price, Ruth Price, Llicy Belle Settle, Clara Lawrence, Lucy Woody, Alma McCrum, and Myrtle Lander- holm. 011 J anuary the 5th the Alpha chapter of the VVoments League was entertained by Miss Louise Gillum, at her home in Gilbert avenue, in honor of her guest, Miss NIary Gilkeson, 0f Staunton, Va. ATHLETA. Miss Alberta Harstine gave a 6 otclock dinner for the members of the Athleta Sorority, at her home on Poplar street, J anuary 4. They had as their guests Bliss Peterson and Miss Brown of Huntington. The members present were: Misses Rucker, Andrews, Brun- ker, Samuels, Cutshall, VViIson, Irminger, Har- stine, Saupert, Kadel, and Champe. The Athleta Sorority was delightfully enter- tained at the home of Miss Jessie Andrews, Thursday, J an. 12, from 4 :30 to 8 oblock. The first part of the evening was spent in a social way. At 6 oiclock dinner was served, after which the evening was spent in games. Those present were: The Misses Freeman, Louis, Irminger, Cutshall, Kadel, Doershuck, Rucker, Andrews, Harstine, Boston, Champe, Brunker. LLAMARADA. On Saturday, January 7, the Llamarada girls met at the home of Mrs. Roscoe Hyde, on THE NORMAL ADVANCE North Center street. Sewing was the diversion, after which a luncheon was served. Mrs. Hyde was elected leader to succeed Miss Lahey, who is not in school, having finished the College Course last term. The guests of the chapter were Miss Bailey, and Miss Hutton, of Fort Wayne. The active Llamaradas now in school are bliss Hazel Woollen, Anna Forbes, Mar- guerite Swengel, Mercedes Penna, and Mrs. Roscoe Hyde. The other members present Sat- urday were Miss Gertrude McComb and Miss Margaret Lahey. The young women are ex- pecting to resume their regular bi-monthly business and social meetings. M U ZETA. The Mu Zeta section met in the parlors of the City Y. W. C. A., Friday afternoon, Jan. 6. After a social which consisted principally in relating the interesting accounts of Christmas vacation and the return to work, they went to the Rose Pharmacy, where they were served a dainty luncheon. Wednesday afternoon, Jan. 11, was a time to be remembered by the Mu Zetas. They met at the home of Minnie Hoberg, who, having fin- ished her Normal course, is not permitted to meet daily with the girls. After a winter picnic each member took part in an impromptu program consisting of readings, piano and vocal solos and duets7 and speeches. The Misses Mable Gossman and Anita J anish, who are also members but teaching in the city, were present. Saturday evening, J an. 14, they held a chaf- ing dish party, Helen Connor being hostess. Each member displayed her skill in making candy. MYOSOTIS. Miss Norma Failing entertained the Myosotis girls with a childrenis party, Friday evening, December 16. Games and music were the fea- tures of the evening. The Misses Esther Neu- kom and Nellie Waller played the Violin and piano. After the games a large and beautifully decorated Christmas tree was lighted, and the THE NORMAL ADVANCE .L gifts were distributed. Each girl received a gift which had been suggested by some partic- ular fad or taste, and each one was accom- panied by an appropriate explanatory verse. When the verses had been read, the tichildrenw seated themselves on the fioor and a little Santa Clause entered, carrying a large basket, from which he distributed pop-corn balls, oranges and little stockings Hlled with Christmas candy. The girls present, besides the hostess, were Lanora Rollings, Cecilia Black, Fern Garen, Stella Albright, Belva McCorkle, Olive John- son, Ada Tichenor, Nellie Waller, Esther Neu- kom, Helen Sale, Cortadel Wade, Letitia Ferree, and Mary McBeth. Miss Nellie Waller entertained the chapter January 13, from 4 t0 6 dclock, with the first party of the winter term. A progressive con- test was the amusement 0f the afternoon, and dainty refreshments were served later at the small tables. Miss Schweitzer was the guest of honor. OMEGA. December 20th, the Omega section had a de- lightful little Christmas party at the rooms of Ina Pocock and Tillie Von Tolga. Various games and toasting 0f marshmallows were the features of the evening. A grab bag was ar- ranged, which furnished a great deal of amuse- ment for those present. Refreshments were served. Those present were: The Misses Kath- erine Donovan, Mary Flaherty, Berdenia Ben- nett, Mildred Flaherty, Ina Pocock, Florence Hixon, Tillie Von Tolga, Mary Dunlap, Edna 113 Lloyd, Emma Dommershausen, and Margaret Kilroy. The Old members of the section in the school during the fall term have all returned. The section is now planning an initiation party to be given January 21st, at the home of Margaret Kilroy. PI ZETA. Mrs. Fanny Thorp Carr entertained the members of the sorority December 12, 1910, at her home in West Terre Haute. The evening was spent in making Pi Zeta pennants and pil- lows, and in various games. After the work of making the pillows and pennants was com- pleted, the girls sat down to a delicious hot lunch. All report a jolly time. The members present werethe Misses Hazel B. Neal, M. Hazel Neill, Nina Davidson, Georgia Cole, Thirza Parker, Helen Helt, Louise Harris, Ethel Carr, and Neil Broadhurst. Miss Emeline Scudder 0f Tipton, 1nd,, be- came the bride of Mr. Roy E. Middleton, De- cember 25, 1910. On the same evening Miss Bessie Bunyan and Mr. Wright were married at the bride7s home. Both young ladies are members of the Pi Zeta Sorority. Miss Mae Brooking of Bedford, Ind., has returned to resume her senior yearts work in Normal. Miss Ethel Carr went to Greencastle, J anu- ary 13, where she will spend a few days with DePauw friends. Miss Carr was a student at the DePauw University during the year 1907-8. The Misses Davidson, Helt, and Broadhurst spent the holidays at their homes. XXVII. Myself when young did eagerly frequent Doctor and Saint, and heard great argument About it and about: but evermore Came out by the same door where in I went. eitThe Bubaz'yat of Omar Khayyam? 114 THE NORMAL ADVANCE LOCAL and ALUMNI Hattie Cutshall spent her Christmas vacation in Robinson, Illinois. . Lela Stewart was Visiting in Terre Haute, Janu. 6, 7 and 8. , Stella M. Albright was the guest of her sister, Mrs. J . E. Morris, of Indianapolis, dur- ing the holidays. C. B. J enkins, ilO, is principal of the schools at Blooming Grove. Mr. Henry7 superintendent of the Perrysville schools, was in Terre Haute, Sunday, J an. 8. J essie Andrews was Visiting in Brazil during the holidays. ' Guy J ohnson was in Terre Haute for his va- cation. Mae Brooking is back for the Winter term of school. Ada Manion, i08, is teaching in the schools at Vallonia, Ind. Lenore Burnam Visited in Terre Haute dur- ing the holidays. Drusilla Keller, i08, has a position at East Chicago, Ind. . i Harriet Townley, 05, was married to J ames Hunter of Evansville. Mr. Hunter is division superintendent of the E. 85 T. H. railroad. Mr. and Mrs. Hunter Will live in Evansville, where they Will be at home to their friends after Feb. 1. Orelle Fidler, C. C. 09, Visited at I. S. N., J an. 12. Miss Fidlar is teaching in the Brazil High School. Harry 0. Lanning is superintendent of the high school at Sweetser7 Ind. Claude Cohee is principal of the Sweetser, High School. Mr. Neyhouse, ilO, Visited friends at Terre Haute, December 11. J oseph Curry, Who is now attending school at I. U., visited at I. S. N., December 17. Kaspar Shanner of Princeton, returned to school at the beginning of the winter term. Mr. Barbre, C. C. ,10, attended the lecture of Judge Lindsey at State Normal School. Otto Christy visited Normal recently. Waldo Mitchell vsited his brother recently. Rosalie Mitchell Visited at Chicago during Christmas vacation. Lois Rutledge from Knightstown, visited friends at I. S. N., Jan. 11. Miss Louise Peters entertained a friend, Mr. E. Stewart, of Tower, Ind., Jan. 13. D. R. Henry was in town Jan. 7. XXXI. Up from Earth,s Center through the Seventh Grate I rose, and on the Throne of Saturn sate, And many a Knot unravePd by the Road; But not the Master-knot of Human Fate. etiThie Bubaiyat of Omar Khayyam? THE NORMAL ADVANCE 115 EXCHANGES IN GEOMETRY. The deportment of a pupil varies inversely as the square of the distance from the in- structor.eEm. Dr. Howe, president of Case School, Clevo- land, never fails to express his vexation when he has a student call the zero of mathematics nothing. One of the students almost invariably read an equation like this, w+y:O, as follows: ttX plus Y equal nothing?7 One day Dr. Howe lost his long enduring patience. cgSee here, let me show you the diiference between zero and nothing? With this, Dr. Howe wrote a big 0 on the blackboard. ciThisQl he said, itis zero? Then, erasing the 0, he added: 4cAnd this is noth- ingf, Thomas. ttWhy are you so sure there is no such thing as the fourth dimension W itBecausef7 replied the fat man, ciif there was, 17d have itW- Ew. Teacher: tt1 shall be tempted to give this class a test before 10ng39 Junior: ccYield not to temptationfieEw. Its a cold blooded teacher who gives a stu- dent a mark of zero.-Ew. Lecture upon the rhinocerose Professor: ttI must beg you to give me your undivided attention. It is absolutely impos- sible that you can form a true idea of this hideous animal unless you keep your eyes fixed on mefleEm. s A PROPHECY. George Ade says that when a certain college president in Indiana, 21 clergyman, was address- ing the students in the chapel at the beginning of the college year, he observed that it was tta matter of congratulation to all the friends of the college that the year had opened with the largest freshman class in its history? Then, without any pause, the good man turn- ed to the lesson for the day, the third Psalm, and began to read in a voice of thunder: it gLord, how are they increased that trouble me 19 77 eElgz'n Buwoughs. Latin teacher ttranslatingn : tcTell me, thou slave, where is thy horse'w Student: icItis in my pocket, but I wasn7t using it. -Em. Geog. Teacher: 44What do we have at the mouth of the Kennebec riverW, Pupil: ttBatheRL-Em. An excuse received by the Preie Please excuse J 01111, for he tore his trousers. By doing the same you will greatly oblige his ' InotheineEw. A schoolmaster asked one of his pupils, what was the Latin for cold. iiOh! sirf? answered the lad, g4I forget at this moment, although I have it at my fingersl ends?7 Teacher: before me?,, Pupil: itHow in the world did I know that you wanted to swear hrst'w 4cWhat right have you to swear R 116 THE NORMAL ADVANCE A certain professor returned home one even- Lives of editors all remind us ing, and, after ringing his front door-bell for We can make our lives sublime; some time to no effect, heard the maid,s voice But we have to work like thunder from the seeond-story Window: ttThe professor To get the ADVANCE out on t11ne.-T. 13. is not in? ttAll right? thoughtlessly answered the pro- She failed in Latin, flanked in Che1n., fessor: tTll call againf and he hobbled down They heard her softly hiss! the steps. cTd like to find the man who said eThompson. That ignorance is blissyeli'x. D15 fAM- TVORK. jTis great to dream Though one should be a Shirker, But greater far To dream and be a worker. vHZIIaw Ekrmcmn. mm- NBRMAI. ADVANBE MOOrC'Langen Printing CO- I THE PAPER ransom TEACHER AND swam ' Printers, BinJers Blank Book Manufacturers PUBLISHERS You Need It x We Need Your Subscription GIVE US YllllR NAME AND ADDRESS NBW No. 21 North Sixth Street TERRE HAUTE. IND. And Get the Remaining Six Numbers for 70 cents The COMPLETE Volume, Nine Issues, can be had for only $1.00 Both Phones 64 THE NQRMAL ADVANCE VOLUME XVI. TERRE HAUTE, IND, FEBRUARY, 1911. NUMBER 5. mummy? Erihute tn linculn the only real giant. Alexander, Frederick the Great, Caesar, Napos leon, Gladstone and even Washington stand in greatness of character, in depth of feeling and in a certain moral power far behind Lincoln. Lincoln was a man of whom a nation has a right to be proud; he was a Christ in min- iature, a saint of humanity, whose name will live thousands of years in the legends of future generations. 7 Now, why was Lincoln so great that he overshadows all other national heroes? He really was not a great general, like Napoleon or Washington; he was not such a skillful statesman as Gladstone or Frederick the Great; but his supremacy expresses itself altogether in his peculiar moral power and in the greatness of his character. It is natural that before he reached his goal he had to walk the highway of mistakes. But we find him, nevertheless, in every tendency true to one main motive, and that was to benefit mankind. He was one who wanted to be great through his smallness. If he had failed to be- come president, he would be, no doubt, just as great as he is now, but only God could appreciate it. Washington was a typical American, Napoleon was a typical French- man, but Lincoln was a humanitarian as broad as the world; He was bigger than his country-bigger than all the presidents together. Why? Because he loved his enemies as himself, and because he was a universal individualist who wanted to see himself in the worldmnot the world in himself. He was great through his simplicity and was noble through his charity. Lincoln is a strong type of those who make for truth and justice, for brotherhood and freedom. Love is the foundation of his life. That is what makes him immortal and that is the quality of a giant. I hope that-his cen- tenary birthday will create an impulse toward righteousness among the na- tions. Lincoln lived and died a hero, and as a great character he will live as , long as the world lives. May his life long bless humanity. OF ALL the great national heroes and statesmen of history, Lincoln is 118 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Ibsents tiJohn Gabriel Borkmanit JOHN B. WISELY The story of the drama has to do chiefiy with four characters: John Gabriel Borkman, his wife, Gunhild, their son Ehrhart, who is now a student about twenty-one years of age, and Mrs. Borkmanls sister, Ella Rentheim. Borkman was an oHicial of a bank. He was ambitiousevery ambitious, for wealth, power, and place 01 iniiuence among men. He had great plans for promoting and developing mines. Like most other promoters, he used other peoples money, taking it illegally from the bank, to carry on his work. The bank fails, Borkman is convicted and sent to prison for five years. His honor is gone, his great name be- comes a by-word, his family is reduced to poverty and disgrace. Gunhild, his wife, feels this keenly and re- sents it. She becomes very bitter, renounces her husband altogether, and devotes her life to the bringing up of Ehrhart, preparing him for what she calls uhis mission? which is to restore the name of Borkman to its former glory, to wipe out the disgrace of the family. In his prosperous days Borkman was in love with Ella Rentheim and she was sincerely and deeply in love with him. A man by the name of Hinkle, a business associate of Borkman, is also in love with Ella, but seemingly without hope. It happens that in Borkmanis financial extremity he thinks that Hinkle can help him. So he agrees with Hinkle to surrender to him his interests in Ella if in return, Hinkle will help him to carry out his business ventures. He gives up Ella t0 Hinkle, who can, however, never persuade her to marry him and who then betrays Borkman and causes his downfall. Notwithstanding all this, Ella Rentheim re- mains true to the Borkman family. Borkman, in selling his soul, in surrendering his integrity of character to his ambition for power and money, has outrageously injured Ella, blighted her life, and ruined her health, so that, at the time of the play, she is in a dying condition. Her sister, Borkman7s wife, hates Ella on ac- count of the rivalry between them, and has not met her or spoken to her for thirteen years or since Borkman was imprisoned. Yet when the Borkman property is all swept away in an at- tempt to meet his obligations, Ella comes to the assistance of her sister and Ehrhart. She furnishes her sister a comfortable home and takes Ehrhart to live with her, bringing him up carefully and seeing to his education. The play has to do only with the last night of this awful tragedy of lives. Ehrhart has re turned from his auntis some time before this and is a student in the city. He goes out fre- quently to Visit his mother in her country home, where she nags the life out of him about his tcgreat mission? He meets and is infatuated with Mrs. Fanny Wilton, a woman of doubt- ful character, divorced from her husband or never married to him, we are not quite sure which. On this last night Ella comes to Mrs. Bork- manis home, Ehrhart comes in with lVIrs. Wil- ton, Ella visits John Gabriel in the Balcony, where he has been ever since he was discharged from prison, pacing up and down like a rest- less, hungry wolf as Gunhild says. Ella, Gun- hild, J ohn Gabriel and Mrs. Wilton all strive to get possession of Ehrhart, who finally leaves all family ties and goes abroad with Mrs. Wil- ton. They take Frida Foldal With them, be- cause, as Mrs. Wilton says, in reply to the question from Mrs. Borkman, ttMrs. Wilton, do you think you are acting quite wisely in tak- ing that girl with you'w itMen are so unstable, Mrs. Borkman. And women too. When Ehrhart is done with mee THE NORMAL ADVANCE 119 W and I with bimethen it will be well for us- both that he, poor fellow, should have some one to fall back liponf7 After Ehrhart deserts them J ohn Gabriel Borkman goes out into the storm and snow and there he perishes, leaving Ella in a dying con- dition and Gunhild utterly hopeless and wretched and rent with bitter thoughts, With not the least ray of hope or outlook for the future. As they stand by Borkmanls dead body at the close of the play, these two sisters join hands over the body, and Ella says, tcWe two shadowseover the dead 1nan33 I do not profess to know what Ibsen meant 01' what object or purpose he had in mind in writing this play. I can only judge of an authofs intent or meaning by the eifect it has upon me when I read it or see it acted upon the stage. The play fascinates me and holds my at- tention. It did so when I iirst read it, and it held me with an even tighter grip when I was fortunate enough to see it presented in a very strong way on the stage. That it is a powerful presentation of some of the most common weaknesses of humanity cannot be questioned. Indeed, in America, J ohn Gabriells weakness might be said to be our national sin. In this respect the drama is cer- tainly timely and up- --to date. The skill and force with which Ibsen pre- sents the problem must certainly strike the student of the play also. Onels emotions are stirred to the depths; the thought takes hold of one, and the mind returns to it again and again. My interest in it is somewhat morbid, I think, to some extent like that of hangers-on about a morgue, who linger there simply that they may gaze upon dead faces. Ibsen shows us no way in which mankind can avoid these mistakes or escape these suf- ferings. In fact he rather gives us the idea that they are inevitable, that they are insepar- ably bound up with human life. There is not a character in the play that sees his mistake, weakness or sin. There cannot, therefore, be any turning about, any making of amends on their part. Even Ella, who is the most wrong- ed 01' sinned against character in the play, unless it be Ehrhart, has noamends made to her in any way. For even her there is no such thing as compensation of any kind. When she talks with John Gabriel, he does not even see that he has injured her. He really, and as it would seem, sincerely questions whether he or she is the sinner. There is no outlook, abso- lutely no hope for any character in the play, not even for Ella, who7 it would seem, had dOne no wrong, who had acted throughout upon the most generous, liberal and noble motives. Even when she succeeds in showing Borknian that he has cruelly wronged her, she asks only, in way of restitution, that he allow Ehrhart to take her name, Rentheiin. When Borkman concedes this, Ella seizes his hand and sayszn itThank you, thank you! NOW there has been a full settlement between us! Yes, yes, let it be so! You have made all the atonement in your power. For when I shall have gone from the world, I shall leave Ehrhart Rentheim behind me? This is certainly generosity and self-abnega- tion personified. Yet Ibsen does not permit this little boon to Ella, for Ehrhart goes away With Mrs. Wilton still bearing the name of Bork- man. I do not see how one can help getting from the play the notion that Ibsen is a pessimist at least, that he looks upon the dark side of things, that he presents the gloomy, the discouraging, the hopeless7 the, as I think, rather unusual and greatly in the minority aspects of human na- ture. It strikes me that this is true of all his plays so far as I have read them. This is true to such an extent that some times, as it seems to me, he almost becomes a fatalist. In act III of this play Borkman has the temerity to defend himself and to justify his conduct on the fatalistic ground. He is talking to his wife. They have met and are speaking for the iirst time in thirteen years. She says: 44The last time we stood face to face-it was 120 .in the court, when I was summoned to give an accounted Then Borkman interrupts her: a ttAnd this evening it is I who will give an account of myself.w a Mrs. Borkman: itYouW Borkman: tcNot of what I have done amiss. All the world knows that? Mrs. Borkman: ttYes, that is true; all the world knows that? Borkman: ttBut it does not know Why I did it; why I had to do it. People do not un- derstand that I had to because I am myselfe because I was J ohn Gabriel Borkmanemyself, and not another, and that is what I will try to explain to you? Mrs. Borkman: ttIt is of no use. tions and promptings acquit no one? Borkman: ttThey may acquit one in ones own eyes? . Mrs. Borkman: ttOh, let all that alone! I have thought over that black business of yours enough and to spare? , , Borkman: ttI too. During those five endless years in my cell-and elsewhereeI had time to think it over. And during the eight years up there in the gallery I have had still more ample time. I have retried the whole case- by myself. Time after time I have retried it. I have been my own accuser,nmy own defender, and my own judge. I have been more impartial than any one else could be-that I venture to say. I have paced up and down the gallery there, turning every .one of my actions upside down and inside out. I have examined them from all sidesas unsparingly, as pitilessly, as any law- yer of them all. And the linal judgment I have always come to is this: the one person I have sinned against is-myself? There is more talk of the same kind in the act. Mrs. Borkman asks how about the injury to her and to Ehrhart. Borkman replies that they were a part of himself. Then she asks about the hundreds of others whose money he had taken and whose lives he had ruined. Then 'Borlnnan says timore vehementlyzil Tempta- THE a NORMAL ADVANCE V ttI had power in my hands! And then I felt the irresistible vocation within me! The prisoned millions lay all over the country, deep in the bowels of the earth, calling aloud to me! They shrieked to me to free .them! But no one else heard the cryeI alone had ears for it? ccIf the others had had the power, do you think they would not have acted exactly as I didW l When Mrs. Borkman answers: CtNo one, no one but you would have done it P? Borkman replies: ccPerhaps not. But that would have been because they had, not my brains, and if they had done it, it would not have been with my aims in View. The act would have been a different tact. In short, I have acquitted myself? . And so Ibsen leaves it. Borkmanls only re- gret at this time was that he had wasted eight years up in the balcony. He says that he should have started right out again as soon as he was released from prison to acomplish the same aims. tHe should have begun again at the bot- tom and swung himself up to the heights anew ehigher than ever beforevin spite of all that lay between? There is not the least suggestion as to a change of method, n0 acknowledgment of a fault or a mistake, so evidently he would have employed, the same means as he did before if he could and he would have justified himself in so doing. The .most charitable interpretation of the character would be to say that Borkman was insane, but there is no evidence anywhere to show that Ibsen meant to represent him so. This doctrine that what a character does is right because the character is what he is, is dangerous, moreover there is a fallacy under- lying it. It fails to take into accountthe fact that a character is what he is, partly at least, because he has made himself that way, and if he had so willed it, he might have been other than what he is. , It is just this element in human character that Ibsen slights or overlooks in all his works THE NORMAL ADVANCE 121 so far as I have read them. His characters are all products of environment almost entirely. They are creatures of chance, fate, fortune, whatever you may call it, pretty largely and they are thrown together and allowed to run their courses without outside or inside spiritual aid or help. Nowhere in Ibsen, so far as I know, is this doctrine more clearly set forth than here in the character of J ohn Gabriel Borkman. Ibsen seems to think that a true dramatist must stand apart from his characters and study them inductively as a botanist does his plants. He must record only what he sees. He must not posit or assume anything. This Ibsen and his kind call scientiiio. They like to be enrolled under the banner of inductive scientists and they are pleased to call their writings scientific or realistic literature. There is no where in Ibsen, so far as I know, even a hint that this is an orderly universe; that it embodies and shows forth an intelligent pur- pose, a mighty designer; that nature is uni- form; that she does not trick us or deceive us. There is not a character in his works anywhere, so far as I know, that takes hold of himself, really takes charge of himself, changes his course, and works out his own destiny. Even his good characters, like Ella, there are not ' very many of them, seem merely to drift. They seem impotent creatures of chance and circum- stances. If Ella had been a Lady Macbeth in strength of character, think you not that she could have saved Ehrhart or reconciled Gunhild, or even inspired J ohn Gabriel Borkman to turn over a new leaf when he was released from prison, to start anew to build his character and his for- tune upon a surer foundation? If Gunhild had been a good Christian wo- man, with faith in God and the hope of a future life, do you think she would have been the hard-hearted embittered woman she was even under all the adverse conditions with which she struggled? I do not think so. There have been many men in the world who have committed the same crime that John Gabriel Borkman did. Many more will likely make the same mistake in the future. But there is no reason on earth why any man after making such a mistake, and after suifering the consequences of it, as John Gabriel did, should shut himself up in his balcony for eight years, seeing no way out of his dilemma, justifying himself in his act, and shunning and cursing society that has brought his deed home to him. There is not only no need of it, but it is also untrue to life. Some might possibly do it; they would be exceptions which prove the rule; it might even be almost universal in a pagan world; but the world is not pagan now; and men who believe in a di- vine intelligence, in an orderly universe, in a future life, and in the power and; the freedom of the human will cannot do as J ohn Gabriel did. Ibsen has been a puzzle to me ever since I began reading him in 1892. I have said over and over, time and again, to myself, ttWhat is wrong with this great writer?7 That he is a powerful depicter of human life no one, it seems to me, can doubt. His genius and skill as a writer of great dramatic literature no one can question. As I have seen his plays one after another presented on the stage by great talent, such as Mrs. Fiske, I have marveled at the power of the man and his works. Yet I have felt all the time that there was something wrong. The plays did not quite ring true, but I could not quite formulate my objections to them. Never until I saw J ohn Gabriel Borkman presented in a most powerful way by the Donald Robinson people did, what seems to me now, Ibsenls weakness stand out in my mind. As I walked home from that play with my wife, gloomy and depressed in spirit by the great tragedy of it, With the powerful emotions awakened by it surging through my mind, I said to her that I believed I saw what was 122 wrong With Ibsents plays and that I was going to write a paper for the Terre Haute Literary Club on ttJohn Gabriel Borkmanfi And this is the gist of my criticism: In the construction, development, and unfolding of his characters, Ibsen greatly slights or Wholly ignores God, THE NORMAL ADVANCE the human Will, and the future life, all power- ful elements in my judgment in the building of character. In short, I doubt if there can be any sane thinking that does not posit or assume, as a basis of it, a divine intelligence, an orderly universe, and a free and powerful human Will. What Makes a Hero? What makes a hero? Not success, not fame, Inebriate merchants, and the loud acclaim Of glutted avariceecaps tossed in air, 01' pen of journalist With flourish fair; Bells peeled, stars, ribbons, and a titled namee These, though his rightful tribute, he can spare ; His rightful tribute7 not his end or aim Or true reward; for never yet did these Refresh the soul, or set the heart at ease. What makes a hero! An heroic mind, Expressed in action, in endurance proved. And if there be preeminence of right, Derived through pain well suffered, t0 the height, Of rank heroic, ,tis to bear unmoved Not toil, not risk, not rage of sea or Wind, Not the brute fury of barbarians blind, But worse-ingratitude and poisonous darts, Launched by the country he had served and loved. This, With the free, unclouded spirit pure, This, in the strength of silence to endure, A dignity to noble deeds imparts Beyond the gauds and trappings of renown. This is the herots complement and crown, This missed, one struggle had been wanting still- One glorious triumph of heroic Will One self-approval in his heart of hearts. ellemny Taylor. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 123 g A Letter from the Canal Zone tEDITORls NOTEJAC the invitation of the Editor, Mr. S. F. Hildebrand consented to write the following letter. Mr. Hildebrand is at present engaged as a member of a party from the Smithsonian Institution of VVashing- ton, D. 0., in making a biological survey of the Canal Zone. It is believed that this letter will be of considerable interest to our readers, 'es- pecially those who knew Mr. Hildebrand at I. S. N. last yearl SAMUEL F. HILDEBRAND. CRISTOBAL, CANAL ZONE, J an. 29, 1911. TO THE READERS OF THE ADVANCE: The Smithsonian Institution of Washington, D. 0., is engaged in making a biological survey of the Canal Zone. It was the good fortune of the writer to be detailed by the Bureau of Fisheries, for a period of six months to aid in making this survey. A party of four, which was to begin this work, sailed from New York on Dec. 22, 1910, and arrived here six days later. The most pleasing experience of the voyage was the change in the climate, for in New York we found disagreeable zero weather. One dayls sailing had carried us into the balmy air of the gulf stream. Here we cast aside our overcoats. The temperature kept getting a little higher from day to day, but did not become oppressive. During the voyage we passed Watling Island, Cuba and Haiti, but our boat made no stops. The last nights sailing of this voyage, of nearly 2000 miles in a southward direction, brought the Great Southern Crucifix into view in the southern skies, and the Great Northern Dipper and the North Star had sunk several degrees toward the horizon. Since our arrival we have all received letters with remarks similar to this one, ttWe are having zero weather, but you no doubt are fighting mos- quitoes? The weather is indeed warm enough for mosquitoes to thrive, as the temperature ranges from about 76 to 84 degrees, but the Sanitary Department of the Isthmian Canal Commission has so effectively destroyed. the breeding-ground of these insects that the writer has not yet seen a mosquito in any of the American settlements on the Isthmus. tTo be sure they still abound in the interior swamsz The destruction of the breeding ground of the mosquito is accomplished by coating all stag- nant bodies of water with crude oil. The house-fiy, too, is kept so well under control that it is as scarce about our quarters and the American hotels as it ever is on a winter day in an Indiana home. The extreme cleanliness everywhere maintained under the direction of the Sanitary Department doubtless keeps this insect under control. The States might well look to the Canal Zone for points on sanitation, for the sanitary conditions doubtless exceed those of the States. Let us note what has been accomplished. It is said that the building of the Panama railroad cost a human life to every cross-tie that was laid. The French doubtless failed to complete their canal because of the wholesale loss of life, 124 for their employees died by the hundreds. Statistics show that the death rate on the Canal Zone is now lower than it is in the United States. The improved conditions can be at- tributed to nothing other than the work of the Sanitary Department of the Isthmian Canal Commission. The Canal Zone contains about 448 square miles. It begins at a point three marine miles from mean low water mark in each ocean and extends for live miles on each side of the center of the Canal. The cities of Panama and Colon are excluded from the Zone, but the United States maintains the right to enforce sanitary ordinances in these cities and to maintain public order, should the Republic of Panama fail to do so. . The length of the canal from deep water to deep water will be 50.5 miles; the length on land 40.5 miles. The maximum width of the bottom of the channel is 1,000 feet, the mini- mum 300 feet. Among the great pieces of engineering and workmanship we might mention: 1. The locks; of which there will be twelve7 all in duplicate. There are three pairs in hight at Gatun on the Atlantic side, with a com- bined lift of 85 feet. On the Pacilic side, there is one pair at Pedro Miguel, with a lift of 30 1-3 feet7 and two pairs in flight at Miraflores With a combined lift of 54 2-3 feet at mean tide. A few iigures will aid the reader to form an idea of their great size and the enormous amount of concrete used in their construction. Since the locks are all of the same dimensions one set of figures will serve for all. They have a usable length of 1000 feet and a usable width of 110 feet. The sideswalls are from 45 to 50 feet wide at the surface of the concrete floor. They are perpendicular 0n the face, and from a point 24.5 feet above the floor they become narrower until they are 8 feet wide at the top. The middle wall is 60 feet wide and approxi- mately 81 feet high. Each lock will have water tight gates at each end. The work is so well under way that the locks stand practically com- THE NORMAL ADVANCE pleted With the exception of the gates. These Will be steel structures 7 feet thick, 65 feet long, and from 47 to 82 feet high. They will weigh from 300 to 600 tons each. 2. The Gatun Dam, forming Gatun Lake. This dam will form Gatun Lake by impound- ing the waters of the Chagres river. The size of the Dam, although not completed, is already so great that it looks more like the work of nature than that of man. To give an idea of its size I again resort to figures. Its length is 1.5 miles; its width at the base is nearly one- half mile, sloping to a width of 100 feet at the top, when completed. To discharge the water of the Chagres during the construction of the Dam, the Spillway, a concrete lined opening 1,200 feet long and 300 feet wide, cut through a hill of rock, in about the center of the Dam, was constructed. When the Dam is completed and the region which is to form Gatun Lake is to be flooded the Spillway is to be closed With a concrete dam, fitted with gates and machin- ery by means of which the level of the lake is to be regulated. Gatun Lake will cover an area of 164 square miles. It will have a depth in the ship channel varying from 85 to 45 feet. 3. Culebra Cut. The highest point in the entire excavation is in Culebra Out. This point is 534 feet above sea level. The French cut this point down to 200 feet above the sea level. The Americans had by April 1, 1910, cut down to about 160 feet above the sea level, leaving 120 feet to be excavated in order to bring it down to the level of the bottom of the Canal be- tween the locks. The excavation in this cut, which is nine miles long, is being rapidly pur- sued. It is literally lined with machinery and men. Holes 30 feet deep are drilled in the earth and stone. In these are laid very heavy charges of dynamite. Some of these charges are said to weigh a ton or more. It is then not to be wondered that their discharge in nearly every case creates an earthquake. After the earth and stone have thus been loosened, steam shovels load .it into steel dumping cars which carry it to the selected dumping ground. THE NORMAL ADVANCE nhr-n shaww The writer counted a dozen of these large shovels all at work on a distance not exceeding one-half mile. Train load after train load of earth and stone is hauled out day after day, and the desired level Will doubtless soon be, reached, if the huge landslides, Which have al- ready caused much extra excavation, do not again interfere. 4. There are two dams 0n the Pacific side, Which are, however, not as large as the Gatun Dam. One of these is at Pedro Miguel. This dam is to maintain the level of Gatun Lake, which is to extend through Culebra Cut. The other dam is at Miraflores. This one Will form a small lake between the looks at Pedro Miguel and Minaflores. The level of this like Will be 30 1-3 feet lower than Gatun Lake. Then in passing through the canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific a vessel Will enter a channel 500 feet Wide in Limon Bay, follow this for about 7 miles to Gratun, where it Will be lifted 85 feet, to the level of Gatun Lake. Then it can sail at full ocean speed in a chan- nel varying from 1,000 feet to 500 feet in Width for a distance of 24 miles to Bas Obispo Where it will enter Culebra Cut. It Will then sail through the Out Which, as stated above, is 9 miles long7 and has a bottom Width of 300 feet. This brings it to the looks at Pedro Miguel. Here it Will be lowered 30 1-3 feet to the small lake formed by the Mirafiores Dam. Then it Will sail 1.5 miles to Miraflores, Where it Will enter the Miraflores Locks and be lowered to sea level, passing out into the Pacific through a channel about 8.5 miles in length and With a ' bottom Width of 500 feet. The time to pass a vessel through the locks is estimated at 3 hours, and to pass a vessel through the entire canal is estimated at from 10 to 12 hours, depending, of course, on the size of the ship and the rate of speed at Which it can travel. There is considerable difference of opinion here, as well as in the States, as to how soon the canal will be ready for use. Some be- lieve that ships will sail through it before 1913, others say that it Will not be completed Within three years. It seems that the seriousness of the landslides in Culebra Cut will largely de- termine this. The force of the Isthmian Canal Commission and the Panama railroad consists of two classes of employees; the aGold forcefl and the CtSilver force? The 4tGrold forcei, is made up of of- ficials, clerical force, construction men, and skilled artisans. Practically all of them are Americans. The ttSilver forcei, represents the unskilled laborers. Of these the majority are West Indian negroes, Spaniards and Italians. These laborers receive from 10 to 25 cents an hour, according to the kind and grade of work they do. The way Uncle Sam takes care of his forces on the Zone is interesting, and how satisfactory his system is can only be fully appreciated by the one Who has received' employeesi priv- ileges. First, there is the department known as the Subsistence Department. This is divided into two branchesecommissary and hotel. The commissary system consists of 13 gen- eral stores in as many Canal Zone villages. In these stores nothing is sold for cash. Only coupons issued to employees, the value of Which is retained out of their salaries, are accepted in payment for purchases. The hotel branch maintains 18 hotels for White ttGold employeesli atwhich meals are served at 30 cents each. Again coupon books are used instead of cash, and nowhere in the States are there better meals served at that price. The hotel branch also maintains 18 messes for European laborers, Who pay 40 cents per ration for three meals a day. Seven- teen kitchens for West Indian laborers are also maintained. These laborers pay 30 cents per ration for three meals per day. In these kitch- ens the food is prepared in large stewers and at meal time the laborers form a line at the kitchen, each one With his own pan and cup, and as he passes the steward, he receives his share of what has been prepared. He then usually retires to a shady place for a shOrt time and then comes to the hydrant to wash his 126 dishes. After this he is ready for another half days work or for a nightis rest. For the cgGrold employees, the Isthmian Canal Commission maintains quarters free of charge: These are in well built, closely screens ed and well ventilated frame houses with all the conveniences of the modern city home. Some of these houses are arranged for house- keeping and are known as itMarried quarters? Others are for rooming only and are called itBachelor quarters? For the iiSilVBI' employees7l one story houses, consisting of one large room, are maintained. These are also free of charge to the employee. They are furnished with two double rams of itbunksf each two stories high, thus from 24 to 30 employees can lodge in one of these so called ticampsfi It seems that people of all races and nearly all nationalities have congregated here. The statistics show that in the month of December, 1910, there were 69 different nationalities rep- resented 0n the Canal Zone. On the streets of Panama 01' Colon, may be seen representatives of nearly every race and of many nationalities; Here on one and the same street are people THE NORMAL ADVANCE who have not advanced very far beyond the wild state, and here are also the intellectual American and European. Upon following the trails into the jungles one is usually led to the native Village. The native hut is built of bamboo poles and the roof is made of the spreading leaves of the palm. The natives are usually engaged in farming. The farming is, of course, done on a very small scale. They grow tropical fruits and a little sugar cane. Most of them raise a few chickens and some of the more progressive farmers have a few cows and a pony. The produce is brought to market in canoes, so far as possible, and from the landing it is carried on the head of the native. Those that have ponies bring their produce on the backs of these animals. Thus it is seen that this is a country very diEerent from Indiana with its large grain fields, smooth roads-and zero weather. Trusting that some of the above remarks may prove to be of interest to some of the readers of the ADVANCE, I am, Sincerely yours, SAMUEL F. HILDEBRA'ND, Normal ,08. C. C. ,10. The Battle of Brunanburh MARY L. AUSTIN, C. C., in The poem on the Battle of Brunanburh com- memorates the most famous battle in the reign of Ethelstan, grandson of Alfred. fEthelstan ruled over Wessex, Mercia and Northumbria from 925 to 940. This battle piece is found in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 937, and is one of the most important poetic inser- tions, for it shows the vitality and power of the people, their heroic temper, their pagan sternness and courage. It is by this Anglo-Saxon Chronicle alone that so many gems of Anglo-Saxon literature have come down to us; and we, the students of our mother tongue, with its literature and his- tory, owe much to those old, forgotten monks, for whose work the Chronicle stands. The following translation was made from a text the source of which was the Chronicle it- self; the aim has been to reproduce, as nearly as can be done in a translation, the atmosphere and imagery of the original poem. In this present year, King ZEthelstan, the third earl, and born to the kingdom, And also Eadmund, his brother, the prince, fame everlasting won, Won at battle with swords, edge, the battle of Brunanburh: THE NORMAL ADVANCE 127 M Cleaved the phalanx, hewed down the shields With sword,s hilts, these sons of Eadward; As beiitted them of noble kin descended, Often were they at battle at war against the enemy, Defended they, their country, their treasure, their homes. Crushed were the enemy, doomed fell the Scots and the seamen: And With the blood of man, slippery was the field of battle, Since the dawn, the sun, that luminary glorious, The shining candle of God, of the Lord ever- lasting, Oier the earth glided, till the noble creature to its throne settled. There lay men inniimerahle, slain by the sword, The Norse hero above the armor shot, and Scots weary of war. Following the enemy, marched forth the hosts, all day from Wessex; Boldly killed With sharp sword the fugitives from the army. Nor to any warriors did the Mercians hard fighting refuse, To those Who With Anlaf, in shipsi holds from 0,er the sea, land had sought, Doomed thus to die. Young kings five, on that field lay, slain by the sword, a Seven earls of Anlaf, countless enemies both seamen and Scots. Forced by the smallness of his army, fled the Norse leader to the ships stem, Pushed forth on the deep, the king With life saved, sailed 0,er the dark sea. Thus too, the hoary seer Constantine, fled to his home in the North; Nor need he boast of swords, conflict; he of his kin was bereft, Friends cut down on the field, thus slain in battle, His son, early in fight, mortally wounded he left on the iield. .Nor need he exult in the clashing 0f swords, this grizzly-haired warrior. This ancient maligner; nor Anlaf, the more with the rest of his army; Nor need they laugh that they in war craft are better, On the field of battle, the conflict of banners, contest of j avelins, the combat of warriors, Thi exchange of arms, that they, at battle, fought igainst these sons of Eadward. Then abashed departed the Northmen in their nailed ships Went forth those survivors of battle, oier the dashing sea, Oier deep water, Thus, ashamed, sought they Dublin and Ireland. Likewise those brothers together, the king and the prince, In the land of Wessex, their homes sought, these warriors exultant. Left they behind them the raven, the tawny and dusky, The White tailed eagle, with gray coat and horned beak, The corse to devour, the carrion to enjoy, these greedy war hawks, And also that gray prowling beast, the wolf 0f the forest. Neier before on this isle carnage greater, nor men slain with swords edge, Than to us is related in this book by the ancient philosopher, Since hither, east, came Angle and Saxon, oier the broad. sea, seeking Britain, Warriors exultant, Wales overcoming, earls eager for glory, Their home had found. 128 THE NORMAL ADVANCE The Tyranny of Things MARY M. HOWARD People say that the days of signs and won- ders are past, and that man is a creature who is ruled solely by reason, but manls life is still largely a complicated confusion of unaccount- able beliefs and hallucinations which dominate in a quiet and unacknowledged way from the rising of the sun until its setting. It seems to be a deep-rooted inclination of the nature of man to love the mysterious and inex- plicable. Why attach a reason to an affair that thrills the soul to its depths with a remnant of the awe that chilled the marrow of our an- cestors ages ago on dark nights in the wild forests of Thuringia? There is an odd fascina- tion in the supernatural which becomes almost an intoxication of the nerves. If a person hears three strange taps in his room after he has turned down the light, his heart leaps into his throat, and while he searches with nervous fingers for his revolver, a strange and heavy cloak seems to be thrown over him, preventing his breathing and chilling him to the bone. Is it on account of a feeling of danger? No, an old superstition has suddenly fallen upon him with a dull, suifocating thud. He turns on the light and probably finds that the tapping was caused by a loose paper which the breeze found in the open window. But for hours there still remains that strange intoxication 0f the nerves. Or, if when riding home alone passing a grave yard on a dark, quiet night, a man sees an ob- ject for which he cannot account, he will be possessed with a gruesome feeling from which he cannot free himself until he is safe by his own fireside. How often people of serious occupations re- fuse to attempt new business ventures on a day on which the death of an acquaintance occurs. And yet it is really in connection with death that superstitition has long held serious and detrimental sway. For ages men looked upon death and even disease as a direct Visitation of divine indignation. From the very beginning, that which awakened any feeling of wonder in man was the strange phenomenon ealledldis- ease, and the first awe that ever chilled the breast of primitive being was suddenly driven into him when he stood and looked upon that dread thing called death. It was the one power his brute force could not essay to conquer; and so mysterious was it, so far beyond his power of comprehension, that he could charge it only .to a supernatural Visitation, the evidence of the workings of the spirits, the demand for extra oblations to the gods. He felt instinctively that death was connected with divine potency, but far was it from his belief that disease means the imposition of affliction upon the self by the self. The same mysticism surrounding disease and death was for long ages an impediment in the progress of the sciences of chemistry and medi- cine. What long, weary nights the ancient al- chemists spent in repeating weird incantations over their crucibles, puzzling over the trans- mutation of metals, the ttPhilosopheIJs Stonefl the elixir of life, and the influence of the spirits over health. Alasco is a fair picture of his kind. cTIe cured wounds by salving the weapon instead of the soreetold fortunes by palmistry ediscovered stolen goods by the sieve and shearsegathered the right maddow and the male fern seed, through use of which men walk invisibleepretended some advances toward the panacea, or universal elixir, and affected to ' turn good lead into sorry silvery What a load of foolishness science had to unburden itself of before it could become of real service in the development of the human race! And are we yet free from the sceptre of the dark ages? THE NORMAL ADVANCE Puny children are measured for iishort-growthli and a ring Worn on the finger is said to be a sure cure for rheumatismf But superstition is probably of greater moral than physical effect. It does not appeal to rea- son, but to childlike and primitive instincts. The influence of the mystical and awe-inspiring falls not only upon the foolish young girl Who secretly consults the fortune-teller as to the future progress of her happiness, or the wrink- led old woman who sits smoking in the creepy, quivery dusk by her cabin door and spins weird tales of tthanitsf, Superstition also lays fast hold upon the strongest of men, who would stand aghast at any opposition to tithe signs?7 What if they are therefore losers in business transactions or in the planting and harvesting of crops? They do not worry about that. They only shake their heads over the dire calamity from. Which they have escaped by duly observ- ing 4ithe signs? and feel that if they lost there- by it was ordained that they should do so. Such opinions as the last are very common. Yesterday one of the best educated women of the city remarked, itIt is too bad that Mr. Browrfs sons have gone wrong; but it was or- dered that they should, and all the good in- fluence possible could not have made them otherwise? A young girl was one time heard to say that it was of no use for her to try to get an edu- cation, for she would not live until her twen- tieth birthday. On her tenth birthday a bird had flown into her room and after circling around twice had flown out again. Hence, she 129 was destined to bid farewell to lessons prema- turely, and pensively preferred not to make their acquaintance at all. The effect of the belief that a sort of fatality hangs over onels existence is anything but a stimulus to good motives. As well as to believe some of the hoaxes imposed upon him by superstitious people, any student might suppose that the re- sult of an examination depends upon Whether he opens the door of the classroom With his right hand or his left. The moral effect is the same. While some people seem to take a great deal of pride in supposing themselves objects of great concern to the zodiac, it cannot be denied that sometimes these proud people become what the world terms, in regard to common folks, cowardly. The superstition that they occasion- ally like to pet becomes a much spoiled Child. It drives them to fear the things which they do not understand and to fear to investigate them. Anything that smacks of the supernatural sends them trembling under closely drawn covers. itIt is no time to use judgmentii they say, iiwhen the spirits are at work? They could not use judgment if they would! Who has ever heard that any man who was ccborn under an unlucky star? or'is tormented by the unfortunate number thirteen, uses com- mon sense ttwhen the spirits are at work I? All reason flees when the Fates begin to spin; and, regardless of consequence to body or morals, the man whose wagon is hitched to the stars : follow obediently wherever they wander. Not he that breaks the dams, but he That throl the channels of the State Convoys the peoples wish, is great; His name is pure; his fame is free. mTennyson. 130 THE NORMAL ADVANCE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE Luther Burbank and His Work ALICE MATTHEWS In an unpretentious cottage in Santa Rosa, California, lives one of the greatest men of America, measured by the gauge of service rendered to mankind. If it be true that ttHe who causes two blades of grass to grow where only one grew before, is greater than he who takes a cityf, it is truer still that he who has done not only that, but has caused a single blade to bring forth a hundred fold and of more nutritious quality than the first, is greater than he who builds libraries or endows uni- versities. He has never been actuated by mer- cenary motives. iiHis sole aim in the labor of his life is to make plants that will add to the general welfare of his fellow beings? Luther Burbank is one of the greatest plant breeders in the world. In his work with vege- tables and fruits he has increased the food sup- ply of the world and improved its quality, and in his work with flowers he has given the eyes of man more beauty to look upon and rarer perfume to inhale. He has laid his fingers on the pulse of nature and his ear next her heart until he has learned the force and directions of her life currents and has been able through scientific co-operation to aid her in higher, freer, and more beautiful de- velopments. A pedagogical lesson may be drawn from Luther Burbankis work. A little, sour, bitter, wild plum of a character may by right nourish- ment and Wise soul pollenizing develop into wholesome and fruitful usefulness and beauty. In his love for making plants take new forms he has experimented with grasses, nut- trees, vegetables, fruits and flowers. ttHe has greatly improved the plums, pears, apples, cherries, quinces and peaches. He has brought about new creations and improved old ones? His best known triumph in vegetables was achieved iwhen he was yet a very young man, in the production of the famous Burbank potato. This is a plant that has enriched the nation mil- lions of dollars and for which the youthful Bur- bank received themuniiicent sum of one hundred dollars. The pomato, a cross between the potato and tomato, is a new vegetable of his creation. The primus-berry, a union of the raspberry and blackberry is in all probability his greatest triumph in the berry line. The plum-cot, an entirely new fruit, a cross between the plum and the apricot, is his most marvelous fruit creation. The famous Shasta daisy is the great- est outcome of his experiments with flowers. Although Burbank has experimented with nearly every kind of fruit, he is most interested in the plums. He believes that the species of apples, pears, peaches and a few others are eX- hausted. ttHe has added to them only greater productivity and. the qualities required for packing and shipping? However, the seedless apple Lis being introduced into the trade as young grafted trees. With prunes it is dilferent. Great oppor- tunities for new and improved varities lie in that line. tiHe has introduced over twenty varieties of plums and prunes each with some distinctive and valuable characteristic; and he has made several thousands of new plum and prune com- binations, many of which are now under test? His two most useful plums are the Burbank and the Wickson. The Wickson was produced by crossing the Burbank with the Kelsey. It has the unique heart shape of the Kelsey, but I the flesh of the Burbank, a rich garnet and yellow color, a large size, and a perfect shape. It is juicy and delicious, but its firm skin in- THE NORMAL ADVANCE 131 sures good shipping and keeping qualities. Its first sales in Chicago made the record for plum prices in the United States. The sugar prune, a large, early, prolific bear- ing prune was produced by grafting the seed- lings from the common French prune on older trees to make them ripen ea Him and enlarge the Size. Burbank noticed that a certain plum had a slight flavor of the Bartlett pear. He treasured it and developed it into a new kind of plum, the Bartlett plum, which, it has been said, has more of the flavor of the Bartlett pear than the pear has itself. The tree resembles a pear tree. The stoneless plum is a cross of the French prune with a wild plum, having the stone al- most eliminated. The result is a great number of stoneless plums of good size, but in flavor in- ferior t0 the best cultivated ones. These are be- ing crossed again to improve the flavor. All the fruits are perfectly stoneless, although the small meat or kernel still remains. This kernel is like an almond in its shell, and with a fine taste, like an almond, but without any hard covering. It is surrounded only by a pale jelly with some little remnants of hard stony ma- terial, which do not offer any resistance to the teeth or knife. Around the jelly is the clear, greenish and juicy fruit flesh. Burbank made a new plum which would bear lavishly and yet endure long in the market stalls. A consignment was shipped from Cape Town to San Francisco, eighteen thousand miles and arrived in fine condition. They had been introduced into South Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The climax plum is a cross of the bitter, flat, tomato-shaped, Chinese plum and the J apanese plum. The Plumcot, a new fruit created by Burv bank, has the appearance of the apricot. It has the combined taste of the prune and apricot. Some of them have yellow flesh, others red, pink or nearly white. The dark red varieties seem to be the most juicy, and are perhaps the next to be definitely selected. Some have free stones and some are clings. The pine-apple quince is a greatly improved variety of quince, having the flavor of the pine- apple. He has made countless and curious crosses, such as tcpeach and almond, peach and plum, almond and. J apanese plum, quince and crab- apple, quince and apple, wild crab-apple and common apple, rose and apple, quince and blackberry, blackberry and apple, potato and tomato, domestic plum and wild goose plumf, There is really no limit to them. Burbank7s experiments are made on a very large scale. He says that during the forty years he has been experimenting he has exten- sively operated upon more than four thousand five hundred species of plants. In 1906 he had three hundred thousand new hybrid plums the work of the past twenty-five years in cross- ing every known species, and about ten thou- sand seedlings of 1905. He also had in 1906 ten thousand new apples, many thousands of peach and nectarine crosses; eight thousand new seed- lings of pine-apple quince and four hundred new cherry seedlings. ttOne of the most mar- velous features of his work is the immensity of the number of his different seedlings. The rule is: Thousands of seedlings for each hybrid. Not more than one plant in a million is worth producing and introducing. That he has dared to do more in plant ex- perimentation than other men is one reason why his success has been so great. When he was a youngtnurseyman he received a hurry-up order for twenty thousand young prune trees to set out. The order must be filled in nine months. Ordinarily it would take from two and a half to three years to raise the trees. But not for the ttWizard of Horticulture? It was late in season and the almond seed was the only seed that would sprout at that time which was suitable for his plan. It grows very rapidly, too. He planted almond seeds and in a short time the shoots were big enough for budding. Twenty thousand prune buds were budded into 132 these shoots and the young trees were ready at the end of the nine months. There are two elements in plant breedinge making the plant to vary, and selecting and improving the best of the variations. Burbank says, ttCrossing is only the first step. Selection from the numerous variations secured in the second and,a few succeeding generations, is the real work of new plant creation? He further says, ttPlant breeding to be successful must be conducted like architecture. Definite plans must be carefully laid for the proposed crea- tion, suitable materials selected with judgment, and these must be securely placed in their pro- per order and position. N o occupation requires more accuracy, foresight and skill than does plant 01' animal breeding?7 Grafting hastens the fruition of new kinds of plants. One apple tree at Sebastopol bears 526 varieties of apples growing on grafted branches. One way to make plants vary is to cross them. One of Burbankls methods in doing this is to pick off from a tree as many flowers as would be likely to fall. He crosses the ones re- maining in this way. He cuts 01f the petals THE NORMAL ADVANCE before the flower opens. Thus the bees are not attracted. He then pollenates them with pollen collected the day before and dried. He sows the seeds resulting from this cross. Of the thou- sands of seedlings, a few are selected, and per- haps crossed with some other plant. These are sown. The process continues until a desirable form is secured. ttThe judgment as to what . will likely be good and what bad is the very 007'6 of plant bweedingf, In many cases he applies the pollen of two or more kinds of plants to one Eower. Thus by pollenizing, grafting, budding but above all in wisely selecting, does his great work go on. That his work is appreciated too, is shown by the fact that he has been given an annual sum of $10,000 for a period of ten years by the Carnegie Institute at Washington, to aid him in carrying on his great work. May he be permitted to continue until the time comes which he mentions when he says: 44A day will come when the earth will be transformed; when man shall offer his brother man not bullets nor bayonets, but richer grains, better fruits, fairer flowers? Nay, let me tell you, there be many that have forty times our estates, that would give the greatest part Of it to be healthful and cheerful like us; who, with the expense of a little money, have ate and drank, and laughed and angled, and sung, and slept securely; and rose next dayAand cast away care, and sung and laughed and angled again; which are blessings rich men cannot purchase with all their money. elzaak Walton, The Complete Angler. V ERNEST L. WELBORN THE NORMAL ADVANCE 133 The Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF ............... Editor-in-Chief Associate Editor Literary Editor KATE V. BLACK .................... Society Editor ELZIE STEWART ................... Athletic Editor ADA TICHENOR .............. ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD GROVER C. SUMMERS ............. LYDIA GRABBE ..................... Senior Editor ETHEL HYDE ..................... Junior Editor THOMAS COBLE ................... Sophomore Editor RAE A. GOLDMAN ............... College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST ................ Business Manager MELVIN K. DAVIS ............... Advertising Manager CHARLES E. WALK ........... . . Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, Ex-Ofiicz'o PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MISS SWIHART ELMER A. Row, C. Q, Secretary ................ '11 , HARRY HOWICK, '12 KATHERINE LAFFERTY, 113 Published monthly from October to June, inclusive. Terms ......................... $1.00 per Year Single Copies ............... 15 Cents Commencement Number .................. 35 Cents Address all communications to THE NORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute, Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. All alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Entered at tho Terre Haute post 017206 as second class mail matter. As the editor glanced through the various Class and society items and noted their contents, he realized that it would be impossible for alumni readers to overlook the fact that all were vaccinated this month. However, he could only realize the significence of the event by being here long enough to see students care- fully elbow their way through the crowds in the hall and occasionally one express the fact that his care had been of no avail, to see the office force working overtime receiving vaccination certificates, and President Parsons suddenly de- parting for the Bermudas. If the posters that appear on the bulletin boards are a fair criterion by which to judge the work of the various classes and other or- ganizations, it may be inferred that they are really alive. That this is as it should be does not need to be proved. That students volun- tarily form associations and maintain them on high standards means much. Closely allied to this spirit is the spirit of loyalty to the school. It seems to us that we have not as much school spirit as we should have. If this is unjust, we are sorry for our mistake. Nevertheless, a little more would not be dangerous. School organizations, such as the Athletic Association, Oratorical League, the ADVANCE, etc., should be loyially supported. The oiiicers of these organizations are acting for the school. They should feel that the school is actively interested in them. These organizations do not exist as a matter of course, nor do they run themselves. They were founded and enlarged by loyal students of the past. It is the privilege of the loyal students of the present to make them stronger. After reading for a couple of years the Normal items gathered by the various news- papers, it has suddenly dawned upon us that we have missed a golden opportunity by not preserving them. They would not be of value as a history of events at Normal. F ar from it! Rather, they would be a good substitute. for the funny paper. We feel sure that the articles that appear do not give the public any adequate notion of the life at I. S. N. Notices copied from the bulletin boards can scarcely do that. It is to the in- terest of all to have the work of I. S. N.'well thought of by the people of Indiana. For this reason, every member of the school should use discrimination in submitting material for pub- lication. The shortage of local and alumni news this month must be charged to vaccination. Owing to illness, Mr. Youngblood was unable to sub- mit the usual amount of material for this issue. Doubtless Mr. Youngblood will make an extra contribution at another time. 134 Though every true American is patriotic throughout the whole year, there are certain times that seem to arouse his feelings more deeply than others. No period during the year should do this more than the month of Febru- ary7 which brings the anniversaries of perhaps THE NORMAL ADVANCE the two greatest Americans. It would be im- possible for 11s to revere Washington and Lin- coln too greatly. It seems to be the peculiar missions of the teacher to perpetuate the ap- preciation of the patriotism of Washington and Lincoln in this age of industrialism. ATHLETICS Manager Shanner, of the baseball squad, is in school this term. Shanner is keeping one eye on the plans for a successful season next spring. Some people are wondering why the State Normal athletes have been performing tcsingle- handedll feats for the past three weeks. It has even been intimated that whole squads go for stately rambles about the campus and adjacent squares instead of attending gym classes. All if you meet one of them why does he solemnly cross himself with his right arm and pass with ample space to the left? The key to this unheard of situation isw-let us whisper iteV-a-c-c-i-n-e Basket ball still wears on at I. S N. Man- ager Asbury, Captain Bowles and Coach Kim- mel are doing all in their power to help the team to Victory, but thus far all efforts have been unavailing. Some new tactics have been decided upon that will better the team work considerably. It is also hoped that some old faults have been eradicated. The lineup in the recent games is as follows: ForwardeManager Asbury and Knox. CentereEllingwood. ' GuardeCaptain Bowles and McCullough. Substitutes!McCorInick, Moore. Ellingwood and Moore have proved to be very valuable additions to our team. On Jan. 27th Franklin won by a score of 39 to 19 from our boys. At Hanover on J an. 28th the boys played a plucky game, and some excellent passes and throws were made, but even then the score was 20 to 27 against us. On February 4th Franklin played Normal at the Normal Gym. Our boys seemed to be too much interested in the ball and forgot to cover Franklinls basket well. As a result about a dozen goals were made that might otherwise have been prevented. The score was 42-17 in favor of the ttBaptistsFl Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. Y.M.0.A. The meetings this term have been well attend- ed, and a steady interest has been shown throughout the series. Up to this time the Association has been fortunate in securing very able speakers who have each had a message worth while. They were Profs. Stalker and Wisely, Rev. Dunlavy, Dr. Schlicher7 and Prof. Lynch. tmake them a success. Two joint Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. meetings will be held yet this term. Special music will be secured and every eifort will be made to The first one will be Feb. 21, and will be of a patriotic nature, carry- ing out some VVashingtonls birthday features. Mr. Eddy, in charge of the devotional com- mittee has arranged for Bible classes at the fol- lowing places: THE NORMAL ADVANCE Presbyterian, Mr. Wisely teacher. Baptist, Mr. Bruce teacher. Central Christian, Mr. Peck teacher. The Y. M. C. A. cabinet met in the Associa- tion room in the Library, Friday, Feb. 10, for the transaction of the regular monthly business. A committee was appointed to act on the letter of the International Y. M. C. A. Prayer service, recommending that the last day of F ebruary be observed as an international day of prayer. 135 Y. W. 0. A. On Friday, February 10, the cabinet members l of the Y. W. C. A. were entertained, at the home of Dr. Rettger. After the business of the evening was over, Dr. and Mrs. Rettger gave the members some very helpful suggestions. Later in the evening refreshments were served. Mrs. Talmage was unable to be present Tues- day evening, February 14, so an open meeting was held. At the regular time of meeting, February 21, a Washington meeting will be held. THE CLASSES SOPHOMORES. The first meeting of the term, which was a joint affair, was held on Friday evening, J anu- ary 13, 1911, in the Association rooms. The Seniors had charge of the meeting. It might be inferred from the nature of the meeting, that the ttdignifiedll Seniors intended to teach the ctmisehievousl, Sophomores a few fundamentals of conducting a class meeting. However, the Seniors might improve in that respect if they would attend a Sophomore business meeting. Mr. Youngblood, Senior president, gave a short talk in which he boasted of the size and importance of the class. Miss Kabrick then rendered a piano solo. Mr. Mitchell gave two humorous readings. Next a reading by Miss Gillespie was enjoyed by the audience. The Sophomore president, Mr. Haney, then con- tributed a few remarks. ttLest we forget,,, we must say that the Junior president, Mr. Howick, in some mys- terious manner, drifted into the meeting. We were very glad to have him with us. The Seniors, after numerous and insignificent motions, elected Miss Wissing as secretary to succeed Mr. Summers, who resigned the office on account of the humiliation of descending from the office of president to that of secretary. After the rendition of the program and the transaction of the business, games were played and enjoyed by all present. The second inter-class meeting of the term, which was scheduled for January 27, was post- poned until February 10, in order to allow the Sophs and Seniors to undergo the scratch of the ttneedle? An excellent program has been arranged by the joint program committee, consisting of the following numbers: Vocal solo ..................... Miss Harper Reading tHumorous .............. Mr. Gross Piano solo .................. Mr. Mahan Reading ....................... Miss Pocock Vocal duet ........ Misses Kabrick and Shirley Recitation ...................... Miss Brown Piano solo ...................... Miss Brown The Sophomores had charge of the meeting. JUNIORS. The J unior class met in the Association rooms February 3, 1911. Owing to the inclem- ency of the weather and the sickness caused by vaccinated arms, few were present. The following program was rendered: Piano solo ....................... Mr. Byers Vocal duet .......... Misses Peters and Davies After the program a good time was enjoyed by all present. 136 SENIORS. The Senior and Sophomore classes have been holding joint meetings. The Sophomores, however, by their attendance, are showing more class spirit than the Seniors. A meeting was held Friday evening, F ebru- ary 10. The following program was rendered: well THE NORMAL ADVANCE Piano solo ...................... Mr. Mahan Reading toriginah ............... Mr. Gross Vocal solo ..................... Miss Harper Reading ....................... Miss Pocock Vocal duet ....... Misses Shirley and Kabrick Reading ........................ Miss Brown Piano solo ...................... Miss McKee The remainder of the evening was. enjoyably spent in playing games. Oratorical and Literary Organizations ALETHENAI. The Alethenai is still maintaining its stand- ard of work and attendance. The following programs have been given: January Qle s Current Events .............. Belva McCorkle Greek Architecture .............. Eva Kehrer Christian Science ............... Anne Forbes February 3.. British Affairs in India .......... Ina Pocock F oreign Affairs ............... Lydia Grabbe Vocal Duet. . . .Neoma Lane and Ruth Wagner Reading ...................... Miss Vognild The new members recently added to the so- ciety are: Mabel Woody, Leola Moore, Olive Johnson, Zelphia Burkett, Nell Hartman, and Esther iWestbrook; OIOEBONIAN. , Although no notes appeared in the Ciceronian column of the last number of the ADVANCE, it- does not signify that the society is not active. On the contrary, week by week, the principles of the society are being upheld, the bonds of fellowship strengthened, the members trained in debating, and the spirit of the purple and white is beingtmore indelibly stamped in the lives of the members. Each new member not only adds to the strength of the society, but in turn is himmself benefitted by the association with it. The society is pleased to have as a new mem- ber William Grose, who has already proved his ability as a debater by winning a place on the varsity debating team. On Saturday evening and Sunday, February 4 and 5, Ernest Unverferth7 an associate mem- ber who is teaching in the Rockville High School, visited the boys here. Associate Members: A hearty welcome awaits you at the I. S. N., and an especial welcome at our meetings on Thursday evenings. DAEDALIAN. The literary programs of the past month have been well given and full of interest. The society has been favored by several good musical se- lections. During the month a letter was receiv- ed from Heber C. Martin. He is one of the 01d members of Whom the Daedalians are proud, as one who was full of the spirit of Daedalian- isrn. Mr. VanCleave was elected to be a mem- ber of the society. ix :'HEiNORMAL ADVANCE 137 SOCIETY ATHLETA. The: Athleta Sorority was delightfully en- tertained by Miss Marie Rueker atiher home on Ohio Boulevard, J anuary 28, with a mid-winter picnic. After a sumptuous dinner the evening was spent in dancing and games. Those present were the Misses Edith Brunker, Hattie Cut-shall, Edith Samuels, J ess Andrews, A1- berta Harstine, Edna Fisher, Flora Saupert, Elmira Champe, Louise Wilson. . The Athleta Sorority was entertained by Mrs. Charman at her home on South Seventh street, and a social time was enjoyed. . GAMMA GAMMA. The members of the Gamnha Gamma Sororitji of the Normal School gave a delightful matinee dancing party at the E1ks1 Club, Saturday afternoon. The programs were the work of art, the hand-painting being the work of the best local talent. Every program carried out a dif- ferent idea. Some represented Valentine ideas and others carried out the diiferent Gamma ideas. The hostesses were Misses Ruth and Helen Hopewell, Irma Mayrose, Marie Rhoads7 Anita Duenweg, Bessie Streever, Charlotte Hitch, Edith Cornell, Ruby Fuhr, Ruth O,Meara, Marie Carrithers, Zillah Stevens and Maris Price. The chaperones were Messrs. and Mesdames Arthur Cunningham, Edwin IS. J ohonnott and Allyn Adams. Among the guests were Misses Lila Wall and Fay Gallo- way of Greencastle, Maude Krumlauf of Can- ton, Ohio; Eva Jackson of Anderson, Ind.; Helen Phillips, Beatrice McClain, Helen J ack- son, Gertrude Hebb, Pansy West, Rose Duen- weg, Sarah Hunt, Grace Riehle, Martha Black, Fay Ross, Catherine Staff, Winifred Rettger, Caleria Sanford, Leatha McPhillips, Bertha Phillips, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Demaree of Col- umbia, M0.; Mr. and Mrs. Roy Jackson, Messrs. Alnos Prichard of Chicago, A. G. Butler, A. R. Bradford, Philip Newhart, Arthur Nehf, C. Floyd, S. L. Slocum, Mercer Beauchamp, J ohn Scott, Gary Wente, Alvin C. Rasmussen, W; C. Baker, Harry Messick, Leo Newlin, R. T. Kroh- miller, Floyd Weaver, David C. J ones, Arthur Staif, Curtis Pendergast, J orn Farris, Charles Butler, Thomas Miller, Alfred Cornell, Alex- ander Nicholson, J ames Spindle, Morris Denny, Albert Lyon, Harry Buii', E. R. Wishmeyer and Edward Price. Mrs. A. R. Charman, 731 South Seventh street, entertained with an informal at home last week for the Gamma Gamma Sorority, Llamarada section and the Omega section of the Normal League. PSI THETA. . The Psi Theta girls enjoyed a tttaffypulp on Saturday evening, J anuary 11, at the home of Madge O7Haver, on Ndrth Eleventh street. On Saturday, J anuary 17 , the Psi Theta sec- tion entertained with a retrospect party at the home of Nell Flesher, 1837 North Eighth'street. Appropriate games were played, after which a luncheon was served. Those present were Ella Morford, Erba Hinxson, Blanche J ohnson, Mary Ellen J ohnson, Alice Cook, Mable Brown, .Edna Newman, Esther i Westbrook, Abigail McMahan, and Nell F lesher. The regular meeting. of the Psi Theta chapter was held Saturday afternoon, February 4, at the City Y. W. C. A., Alice Cook being hostess. The afternoon was spent in sewing, after which a hot luncheon was served. The guests of the chapter were Elsie Crull, and EstelleSpitz. LLAMARADAS. The Llamaradas were the hostesses for an in- formal company on Saturday, F ebruary 4, at x 138 the home of Miss Penna, in Collett Park Place. Music and conversation were the diversions. A three-course luncheon was served. The meme bers present were Misses Mercedes Penna, Hazel Woollen, Gertrude McComb, Margaret Lahey, and Marguerite Swengel. Miss Forbes and Mrs. Hyde were unable to be present. The guests of the chapter were Misses Smock and Arnold, of Terre Haute, and Miss Becker, of Vincennes. At the next regular business meeting, plans will be made for functions to be given later in the term. PI ZETA. Miss Thirza Parker and Miss Georgia Cole entertained the Pi Zeta girls at the home of THE NORMAL ADVANCE Miss Parker, January w, in honor of Miss Helen Wood of Clinton, a former Pi Zeta, who was the week end guest of Miss Helen Helt. The hostesses had planned a very unique en- tertainment, after which the girls enjoyed a bountiful spread. At 7 :30 the girls went to the basket ball game between the I. S. N. and But- ler teams. The girls present were the Misses Hazel Neill, Helen Wood, Helen Helt, Kate Black, Mae Brooking, Georgia Cole, Thirza Parker, and N e11 Broadhurst. Miss Helen Wood, of Clinton, a former Pi Zeta, was the guest of Miss Helen Helt, re- Gently. . Miss Hazel Neill spent F eb. 4 and 5 in Lin- ton, the guest of Miss Ganell Murphy, a former Pi Zeta. LOCAL and ALUMNI Mr. Owen Mitchell7 after being sick with pneumonia for,two weeks, went home; but de- sires to return in a few days. Mr. Ernest Unverferth was Visiting at the State Normal School7 F eb. 4. Miss Rose J oslin, ,10, was Visiting her friends at I. S. N. 8., Feb. 2. Mr. Stewart was very sick from his vaccina- tion and went home until he regains his health. Miss Cecil Vincent, ,10, visited friends at I. S. N. 8., Feb. 2 and 3. Mr. Waldo Mitchell was here caring for his brother Owen, who was sick. Mr. Elzie Stewart lives near New Albany, but occasionallyehe comes to the State Normal by way of Evansville in order that he may bring in the election reports. Elder W. Diggs, tI. S. N. 7084 a former colored student who attended Howard Univer- sity at Washington, D. 0., last year, is back to Indiana this year attending the State Univer- sity at Bloomington. Misses Lane and Wagner visited at their homes in Vincennes, February 10, 11 and 12. The president of the Senior class at the State Normal has been elected president of the Young Menis Bible class at the First M. E. church. Mr. Grover Summers will have completed his Normal course at I. S. N. at the close of this term, and will likely attend I. U. in the spring term. We wish him the greatest of suce cess. Lois Rutledge, C. C. ,10, gave up her posi- tion as science teacher at Rennard and has ac- cepted a position as teacher iof mathematics in the Sullivan High School. Maud Hunter, ,10, who. is teaching at Lyon, was in town Saturday, Feb. 4. May Brooking, who has been ill for several days, is somewhat better. Arthur C. Schopmeyer has left school be- cause of the death of his father. Mr. Schop- meyer will not return to school, but will take charge of the farm. ttRedi, Everett returned to Terre Haute Feb. 4, to enjoy Egypta with Miss Helen Heldt, and, incidentally, to visit Normal. ' THE NORMAL ADVANCE 139 Owen Mitchell has gone home to recover from a severe attack of pneumonia. Hazel Tesh, 708, was married at Indianapolis to Albert Pfennig of Terre Haute. Lizzie J oslin, 710, was Visiting I. S. N. friends Saturday, Feb. 4. Oscar Schopmeyer has gone to Shelbyville, where he will teach the seventh grade. Lois Maxedon, who was in school during the fall term, Visited Lois Shirley, J an. 21. Thomas Stewart has gone home sick. A. B. Wright, a former student of N ormal, is traveling salesman for the D. C. Health Book Company. Eva and Katherine Kehrer went home Feb. 10 to attend the wedding 'of their brother. Naomi Lane and Ruth Wagner went home for the week end, Feb. 10, and Miss Burkett accompanied them as their guest. Mr. O. L. Dunn of Vincennes, spent Feb. 6 the guests of a certain Normal student. Bridgeton, Ind. Mr. Otto Christy, 710, principal of the high school at Prairie Creek, was in the city Satur- day, Feb. 11. Mr. Leo Francis Visited Normal Saturday, Feb. 11. Miss Bertha Dodson was at Normal, F eb. 11. Mr. J ohn Morland, ,10, was in Terre Haute, Feb. 11. He has charge of the high school at Bridgeton, Ind. ITEMS OF INTEREST. I. S. N. was closed Thursday and Friday, J an. 26 and 27 , in order to give opportunity to fumigate the buildings and allow the students to be vaccinated. Prof. Guy C. Hanna, principal of the Nor- mal Training School, has been elected super- intendent of the Boys Industrial School at Plainfield. He will not take up his new duties at once. An interesting illustrated lecture on the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, was given in Normal hall, Wednesday afternoon, Feb. 8. President Parsons is spending a short time with his wife, who has been in the South dur- ing the winter. Dr. Zeublin, of the University of Chicago, will deliver six lectures at Normal hall during February and March, under the auspices of the Normal-City Teachers, Lecture Course, on 4;Democratic Education?7 EXCHANGES TeachereWhat is an island? PupileAn island is where the Irish come from. TeachereWhat is a mountain? PupileA grown-up hill. Teacher-What is a plateau? PupiI-A plateau is a smashed mountain. TeachereWhat are the terms of a fraction? PupileSummer and winter. TeachereHow do you multiply fractions? PupileWhop ,em upside down and add 7em. TeachereFools often ask questions which wise men cannot answer. Senior tinnocentlyyeThaVs why I failed in my exam.eEm. A FAIL URE. ttHave you completed your graduation es- sayW ttNof replied Mildred. :41 read it over to father and he understood every sentence. Itve got to rewrite itWeW'ashz'ngton Star. The VValrus-JtGee! But it7s lonesome around here. What caused you to become a hermit?9 Eskimo Dog tsadlyyettI was with CookW A little negro boy was learning the alphabet and the teacher pointed out the first letter and said that is tta? ttGoHyQi he said, ttIs that ta, W 4tI hearn tell of that all my life, but that7s the first time I ever seen it? 140 THE INORMALVADVANCE EXAM PAPERS. I 1 Dislocate the following passage: itBroke, broke, broke, In thy cold, gray dawn, 0 day! And I would that my tongue could utter The things I try to say. II. Rewrite the above 111 iambic deoimeters, being careful that the feet keep in step. III.EXp1ain this line from Lawrence Hall: ttBetter motoring in Europe than cycling thru Cathay? IV tat Who fed the Lotus Eaters? , i 001 Who took the apple from St. ' Agness Eve? V. 'What allusion is there to Hughey Rey- nolds 1n CtBeers, idle beersrw I. tat Quote a yard and a half of blank verses from ctUseless and then 1111 in the blanks. I 1 Col Frustrate the rhyme scheme of I ttClaribelW 1 VII tan Who danced With the crannied i wall flower? am In What poem is it stated' that Without eternal ink life would be meaningless? i VIII. Show how the theme of tiIn Moman- guinll is stated in the following passage: ct 7Tis better to have bathed and burned Than never to have bathed at all? ' N. B.wPlease set forth your ignorance as plainly as possible; and donlt mumble your words, because that rattles the mathematical fiend. After spotting the passages use Ca1- bona. --Yale Record gA little flunking novx7 and then Will happen to the best of men? The man who canlt and the man Who wonlt Are only in the way, But its the man Who can and the man Who Will That makes things move today. TeachereWhat happened in 17 83? FreshiewWar of 112reEw. ttThey tell me your son Roy sings With great expression? 1 uYes, indeed! Greatest expression you ever saw. His own mother cant recognize his face When he sings.l,eEw. Prof.-Now, class, when I blow this Aneroid Barometer, it Will swing about on the pivot and register a certain result. Now watch tand he blows. 1 Little W. EeVVould' that have worked suc- cessfully7 iprofeSsor, had it not been hot air? Class4Din, huh-bub, tumult. eMamon and W kite. UM! PercyeI wrote on all the questions in the exam. 1 SmitheVVell, I see. When one doesntt know much it doesnlt take long to tell it. itIs Mke Howe on this train? asked. a man approaching the conductor. ttI don,t know anything about your cow, said the oflieial. ttThis IS a passenger tr ain. ttMy dear;7 said the Wife of the eminent professor, ttThe hens have scratched up all the egg plant seeds you sowed?7 ttAh, jealousy P, mused the professor, and he sat down and wrote a 20-page article on the ttDevelopment of envy on the minds of the lower grade of bipeds? eTHEe- Moore-Langen Printing Co. Printers, Binders Blank Book Manufacturers PUBLISHERS No. 21 North Sixth Street TERRE HAUTE. IND. Both Phones 64 THE NQRMAL ADVANCE VOLUME XVI. TERRE HAUTE, IND, MARCH, 1911. NUMBER 6. .9! ITERATURE, my son, is the gift of Heaven. It is a ray of that i Wisdom Which governs the universe, that man inspired by a celestial art, has learned to keep on earth. Like the rays of the sun, it enlightens, it rejoices, it warms; it is a divine lire. Like fire, it appropriates all Nature for our use. By it we bring around us all things, all men7 places and times. It is this that reminds us of the rules of human life. It calms the passions, it represses the Vices, it excites t0 Virtue by the august examples of good and great men Which it records, and of whom it presents to us the ever- honored images. It is a daughter of Heaven WthhshaS descended to earth to charm away the evils of the human race. The greatest writers have always appeared in the worst timesethe hardest to be borne by societyetimes 0f barbarism and depravity. 'My son, literature has consoled an iniinite number of men more unhappy than you. Xenophon, exiled from his country after having saved to her ten thousand of her sons; Scipio Africanus, wearied to death by the calumnies 0f the Romans; Lucullus, by their intrigues; Catinat, by the ingratitude of his court. The Greeks7 so ingenious, gave to each one of the Muses Who preside over literature, a particular part of our understanding to govern; we ought then to give to literature our passions to govern, that it may impose upon them a yoke and a curb. They ought to ful- fill, With regard to the powers of our souls, the same functions as the Hours who harnessed and drove the horses in the chariot of the Sun. Read, then, my son. The wise men, Who have written before 0111' time, are travellers Who have preceded us in the paths of misfortune, and Who reach out to us their hands to invite us to join their society, When all else have abandoned us. A good book is a good friend? eJ. H. Bewmwdz'n de St. Pierre: Paul and Virginia. 142 THE NORMAL ADVANCE The Forest Ranger C. BALDWIN BACON There were four miles of solid rock covered with a mantle of boulders, small rocks and peb- bles thrown into indescribable confusion. Over this was spread a covering of snow that was ten inches upon the level, and three feet be- tween the rocks in which our horses wallowed up to their fianks. Under the snow and rock the connie rabbits squeaked. Now and then a ptarmigan stood as a solitary sentinel. Curiously enough a ground hog was rolled into a ball on the lee side of a protecting boulder. Around on every hand hung a lowering cloud which seemed ready to burst a blizzard at any moment. Several times it broke and the sun shining through made the snow such a dazzling white that the eyes smarted with pain. The thermometer stood at twenty degrees, and the wind in that keen thin air of thirteen thou- sand feet, blew' a hurricane. Amidst those clouds an eagle rounded in graceful circles. Not twenty feet away appeared an enormous precipice which extended down into the gorge for hundreds of feet, and here began the great glacier 0f Halletis peak. Forty-eight hours before we had stood upon that same spot, while a weird thunder-shower broke overhead and sent bolts of lightning among the trees of the valley below and threw down rain and hail upon Flat Top. The self- same eagle Came up upon motionless pinion from an emerald green lake a thousand feet be- low and soaring above, became literally the playmate 0f the mountain storm, with inci- dentally a sharp eye and a keen taste for rab- bits. At that time the surface was not covered with a mantle of white but a garment of green moss and lichens from which water was drop- ping as from a sponge. So level was the sur- face that it was impossible for one to tell in whieh direction the water was flowing, until the edges were approached and then it was discovered that the drops gathered into tiny rivulets, and the rivulets into brooks, the brooks into streams and the streams into raging tor- rents. Those that were to the east flowed into the Missouri and Mississippi systems; while those to the west flowed into the forks 0f the Grand river and thence into the Colorado to the Gulf of California and Pacific ocean. In other words this was one particular phase of the great continental divide. Urging our ponies forward through the snow we descended a thousand or fifteen hundred feet to the timber line. We had scarcely en- tered it when suddenly the sound of a woods- manis axe rang out in the thicket. Peering through a Vista, as Irving would say, a full round face emerged itself, a head that was scant of hair, chin with a scrubby reddish beard and eyes of Irish blue. There was a cheery voice and at once we were face to face with a United States Forest Ranger. We are possessed with a sort of indefined notion of what the life of a ranger must be; let us now get a closer look. At the feet of this man were alpine flowers in great profusion. There were the mountain anemones and col- umbine; blue gentian and blue honey-suckle; paint brushes so-called of red and white and green. Wild roses peeked out from behind wild barbary. Around him were the shivering as- pens with their golden yellow leaves, and the mountain spruce with their cloaks of silver grey. While we were yet speaking to' the ranger, -the ponies began to sniff the air, there was a loud crack of a dead branch and the woodsman called and hallooed to scarce away a wan- dering grizzly bear. A sudden stampede of a flock of mountain sheep upon yonder ridge told THE NORMAL ADVANCE of a prowling mountain lion. A streak of grey in the underbrush looked like a timber wolf and now and then a deeris head could be seen in the thicket. In the trees below and above were song-birds which made the air glad with their song. Thus lives the forest ranger in sunshine and storm, midst Wild animals and sweet birds, surrounded by alpine iiowers and drifts of snow. In the daytime a scenery that is grand beyond description and at night when Endy- mion Sinks down to rest, is surrounded by a loneliness that is unutterable. The duties of this ranger are numerous. Flat Top is his eyrie or outlook. From here he can look to the north for ninety miles and see into Wyoming. Seventy miles to the southeast lies Denver. In the blue haze to the southwest is seen the snowy top of Pikes Peak, while to the west lie three or four barren ranges of the Rockies with government reservations between them. To this place he comes day after day and week after week to watch for forest fires, and his trained eye can see in a hundredth of a second a fire so far away that it would take him twenty-four hours of hard riding to reach it. When there are no fires to put out, the ranger is busy in other ways. Sometimes it is build- ing trails about the mountains. In fact at the time we met him he was constructing a trail over the divide; for we had to cross by riding up the dry bed of a mountain torrent. Some- times he has to blaze a path where there is no trail, or post department signs to warn campers to put out their tires, or to stamp trees in the reservation with the U. S. of the government. Again he must see to it that the lumber com- panies which cut timber in the forest reserves do not cut trees under the specilied size. As from time to time settlers purchase ranches within the government limits, he must protect the timber against theft and the ranges from being overfed. In this particular locality, it takes some forty acres to support one steer or about sixteen to twenty steers t0 . the square mile. Sometimes an old trail must be cleared. 143 When we crossed the divide, we passed through a burnt forest, destroyed about ten years ago. The trees were still standing. Upon the return the trees were level with the ground, a tornado having passed through the district, and the trail was so full of timber that the ponies had to hurdle logs for a full mile. The sight of this tract reminded one of Stevensonls words writ- ten concerning the Nuuanu valley in the Hae waiian Islands. They run something like this: itNow twice or thrice the high wind blows Each year In spiteful gusts. bursts Until you hear it pulsing through the gorge Of rain in fiercer squalls. And howling ' Down the glen, . It breaks the great tropic fronds like stems of clay? Sometimes it comes in That campers are responsible for a large number of forest fires, there is no doubt, but also to lightning is due many a forest destruc- tion. The old ranger told of one tree which he dissected... It was six hundred and sixty-nine years old and had in a space of three hundred years been through three fires and lived. One dark night while returning home in the midst of a heavy thunder storm, there was a flash and when it became dark again there was a flickering light some live or siX miles away. Surely the heavy rain would extinguish it, so no attention was given it further that night or the next day nor the following morning. Dur- ing the afternoon of the second day, upon look- ing in the direction of the lightning blast, a thin pale blue smoke was seen to be hovering over the trees. Upon riding over to the spot, we discovered that a tree some twenty inches in diameter had been struck. About Iifteen feet of the top had been burned 0E and there was still burning a veritableitorch in the midst of the forest. In such a manner hundreds of fires are started every year and unless put out by rain or forest rangers are sure to develop into conflagrations. 144 THE NORMAL ADVANCE t But I never Shall forget the Vista, the full Torrents methinlis, that heard a mighty voice round face, the head that was bald, the beard of And stopped at once amid their maddest red and the eyes of Irish blue. Never forget plunge! the peep Of blue distance and the glacier 0f Motionless torrentsI' Silent cataracts! . Halletk; Peak making a half halo above the W7ho made you glorlous as the gates of heaven ranger and the tender Wild flowers that braved Beneath the keen full moon? Who bade the . . Sun the elements. Colerldge was rlght, Clothe you With rainbows? Who, With living the ice-falls I ye that from the mountaink brow flowers Adown enormous ravines slope amaine Of lovliest blue, spread garlands at your feetV XCIX. Ah Love! could you and I With Him conspire T0 grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire, Would not we shatter it to bits, and then Re-mould it nearer to the Heartts Desire! ettThe Eubaz'yat of Omar Khayyamit THE NORMAL ADVANCE 145 Matters Educational in Arizona ,. BENJAMIN H. SCUDDER, t96, TEMPE, ARIZ. An article from this quarter of the globe must seem like a voice out of the deep, if the feeling of the Normal student of today is like one in the latter eighties or early nineties. T00, the name Arizona of those days to me signified a big yellow spot on the map, While today, after nine years of service in the Terri- tory, everything that pertains to Arizona has an interest. The Territory Which is soon to dolf . her territorial status, for the position of the youngest state in Uncle Samls vast domain, and thereby completing the work of making states out of our contiguous territory, already has an educational standing almost second to none in our country. But in order to understand the educational status of any state or territory one must first acquaint himself With the physical conditions Which are the basis of those things Which are intellectual. Vast irrigation schemes, railroad enterprises, mining, rains, and all those other physical agencies condition our schools and other educational institutions. The Roosevelt reservoir, Which Will be dedi- cated March 18th of this year, cost seven mil- lion dollars. One billion, four hundred million acre feet can be stored in this dam. An acre foot of water is the water that Will cover one acre of land7 one foot deep. It takes about four acre feet of water per acre yearly to make the land of this valley produce to its full capacity. TWO hundred thousand acres of land can be brought under cultivation With this stored water. This area is equal to one-fourth the size of Rhode Island and by producing four crops or more on each we have a valley Whose pro- ductive capacity exceeds that of Rhode Island. Our delegate to Congress once on comparing Rhode Island and Arizona as to their material bases for statehood said, that Rhode Island had three counties in low tide and two counties in high tide. Arizona has an area equal to three and one-half times that of Indiana. This valley, the Salt River Valley, is a small part of Arizonais wealth. Her copper produc- tion, her grazing and. the production of precious metals count in her great wealth. No other state or territory exceeded Arizona last year in the production of copper. This Territory of two hundred and four thousand population, has forty thousand chil- dren in her schools. The public expends about thirty-seven dollars per capita for each child for school purposes. Grade teachers get a sal- ary on an average of about eighty dollars per month for nine months. High school teachers average about eleven hundred dollars per year. Arizona has two State Normal Schools; one at FlagstaE, and one at Tempe. This is a con- dition that should not be. This sparse popula- tion and easy means of travel do not warrant such an arrangement. The Flagstaff i Normal has about eighty-five students, While the Tempe Normal has two hundred and fifty students. Indiana, as regards her State Normal School for her four millions of people has a Wise ar- rangement. Indiana With her interurban sys- tem of travel, her steam railroads, her more miles of good roads than any other state or ter- ritory of the United States and other means of communication, has a condition Which less war- rants the erection of more State Normal Schools than at any other time in her history. These conditions have made access to her great center of learning, I. S. N. S., easy and cheap. If Indiana today had about five or six State Nor- i mals, she probably would have no Normal 146 THE NORMAL ADVANCE School of the quality of the present one, but five or six so-called State Normal Schools, which in reality, would be high schools with a pedagogical attachment, and no more. This as- sertion is based on the results shown'in the states that have a number of State Normal Schools. Arizona has a university located at Tucson. ,Mining receives the burden of attention. Bachelor of Arts courses are offered. Over one hundred students are enrolled. A good quality of work is done as is indicated by the standing her students receive at the leading universities of our country. Arizona has a number of high schools, but twelve of these stand out prominently and offer one or more courses of study. Phoenix, Tempe7 Mesa, Tucson, Yuma, Morenci, Clifton, Tomb- stone, Douglas, Bisbee7 Prescott and Jerome each have courses that admit their students to university standing. Phoenix, Tempe, Mesa and Yuma are in agricultural districts, while the others are in mining communities. Eighty per cent of all the teachers of Ari- zona are professionally trained. Consequently the common schools are good. To indicate something of the temper of the western people in regard to raising funds for school purposes and matters connected with the school, the distance covered by our athletic teams of our high schools in match games is evidence. Bisbee and El Paso, two hundred fifty miles apart, interchange games. Prescott and Phoenix are two hundred miles apart, and annually they have match games. In voting bonds for school purposes and in buying equipment for the school, I have uni- formly found the matter easy. School boards here do not wait a month or so before purchas- ing a microscope or increasing a library. Some- times action is taken too quickly by boards, be- cause an oily tongued agent gets in his work, but on the whole I believe as few mistakes are made here as anywhere. When one starts to do a thing in this western country, it pays to hit while the iron is hot, and sometimes it pays to make it hotter by hitting. To my mind this quick action on the part of the westerner stands out in contrast to the slow action on the part of the Mississippi valley citizen. One case particularly comes to my mind where a high school board of seven members in the State of Illinois tthis was a young parliamenty debated two months the question of buying a thirty dollar micro- scope for a high school of a hundred students. Some one may argue that in those days when the school head was younger, that he did not have the tact to manage that matter. I am will- ing to agree to part of this, but I also am surely ready to say that it was not altogether a matter of tact. One in Arizona is not isolated. We meet educators of the East. Last year President W. W. Parsons was with us, and he kept up the reputation of Indiana educators as well as his own. He gave ttHamletl7 on the last day of the Association, and I am sure it was as inter- esting as it was at any of the three times I saw it played in the opera houses in diii'erent parts of this country. He also made a talk on the itEdiieation of the Human Organism? This year when I attended the Association at Douglas, Arizona, the memory of Mr. Parsons was still in the minds of many teachers. Henry R. Pattengill was with us last year. He spoke on Nancy Hanks and the Nineteenth Century. Dr. C. A. McMurry, Dr. C. C. Van Liew, Dr. Dailey, president of San Jose State Normal, and others get into our Territory and work in our institutes. lWe now have a lecture course in tln's town in connection with our school life. Dr. Cubberley, Stanford, gave our last lecture. Dr. Cubberley grew up at Huntington, Indiana. Governor Kibbey, whose term as governor of Arizona expired about one year ago, grew up at Centerville, Indiana. Governor Thomas R. Marshall of Indiana, called at my home last year and he also made a speech to our high school. The governor in his democratic way7 inquired his way of one of my teachers to my THE NORMAL ADVANCE office. That teacher told the governor that he could see me, if I was not busy. That teacher and I have laughed a few times over the in- cident. These are a few of my Indiana friends I meet. I expect to meet more. I expect to meet some of the readers of this article. Come, the latch string is out like it was at Griggsby7s Station. 147 gtBack where the latch-stringk a-hangini from the door, And ever7 neighbor round the place is dear as a relatione Back where we 11st to be so happy and so i porell, The Tyranny of Things MARY E. WHITE One of the most oppressive agencies or in- fluences of the present time is, I verily believe, pessimism. By this I do not mean the pessim- ism that comes with the development of youth or the pessimism which is the reaction of un- earned joy, but the pessimism which is the re- sult of idealism. It is a tyrannical force which haunts the noblest and most sensitive minds, because they have erected ideals for themselves that were unattainable, and in their efforts to drag themselves relentlessly to these standards they have met their VVaterloos. Then comes the prisoners life at Elba. There may be no outward remonstrance or repinings, such as the Corsican eagle gave the world while he whetted his beak and waited in patience for an opportunity to make King Louis uncomfortable, but there is the inward chafing against the cctyrannical forces that have conspired togetherli for our idealistls downfall. And it is this that builds his prison. And so he continues to fret and fume and waste his energy while men of half his ability wag quietly by like the tortoise and have not the slightest qualms over tithe miserable failure of all the worlds attempt at progress?7 They do not see that that the common man after all these ages is still very common; that he is ignorant, - reckless, unjust, selfish, easily misled, and that all public affairs bear the stamp of his weak- ness; that there is destructive strife in the world and that the boasted civilization is dis- solved in the barbarism of war. No it takes the idealist to see or fancy he sees these. This is bad enough for we all regret to see bright, capable young people retiring from the world full of Lord Byronls bitterness, but this is not the whole story. Every woe-begone pes- simist comes into direct contact with some few people and his life in an indirect way touches a great many more, and the fact that he, candid and competent as he is, depreciates these people has a bad effect. Perhaps they too are sensi- tive, conscientious creatures and perhaps they are ready to shrink within themselves and as- sume an unnatural attitude if there is the least intimation that they are unworthy of the stations they feel inclined to occupy. What a bag of evil Winds the pessimist is opening! But even they, who realize the unnaturalness of this gloomy atmosphere and are therefore able to withstand in a more unyielding way the reactionary effects of this unpractical dreamer, can not entirely escape. We must all catch some glimpse of what his ideals mean and con- sequently we are able to feel some of the gloom that is so depressing to him. For we are all in some measure, like the knights of the Round Table, ready to iifollow wandering fires7l though Percival Joe the only one to see the golden cup. What the pessimist says has so much truth in it tand yet so much that is untruei that we can produce no argument to refute it and are hopelessly at a loss so far as helping him is concerned. We are fortunate, indeed, if we can hold on to the idea of the innate goodness of all ' 148 things, for ourselves. We are almost inclined at times, to agree with him that the mass of people are ignorant and incompetent to govern themselves; that all attempts at democratic government have proved a failure and that the world is lacking in culture, refinement and civi- lization, that all efforts to live with or for these people are useless and disgusting. Thus we see what a dismal, unwholesome atmosphere he creates. It is because this pessimistic attitude has a tendency to reproduce itself in all whom it touches and because the inner life, in turn, tends to make itself manifested in an external way that we are justified in recognizing it as a real tyrant. For it certainly is true that be a thing good or bad it is the thinking that makes it so. Let the impression once get abroad7 for example, that the Americans have grown tired of their republic, that they would fain establish a monarchy or that England wishes to depose her king, and the thing is done. The thought on the subject in each case makes the actuality THE NORMAL ADVANCE possible. Thus we see that the sour, bitter, negative side of life7 which is the pessimistls peculiar portion, may be and is one of the factors that contributes toward making the ob- jective things of the world stubborn, perverse, and malignant. But, however tyrannical this mental afflic- tion is to the world as a whole, it is safe to say that the patient himself is the one who serves this master with the most unrenouncable sub- jection. He cannot conscientiously forsake his ideals and consequently cannot even for policyls sake ally himself to his fellow men. And this is his only hope. For it has been demonstrated again and again that itiis the cheerful opti- mistic Micawber, who cannot be forced to lose faith in mankind for more than ten minutes at one time, that actually succeeds in reaching the beloved Australia and. that the Mrs. Gum- midges must expect to remain cclone lorn creetursl7 as long as they are Mrs. Gum- midges. As a sapling, friend, which is transplanted, Feels all the forest in its ignorant veins, And suffers when its distant mates are hurt, So I, who know you not, here, all alone, Felt the distemper stirring in my blood Which at this moment blights the youth of France. eRostandls tiLlAz'glonF, THE NORMAL ADVANCE 149 II The Movement for Vocational Education ULYSSES O. COX The public schools of our country were never better than they are today; yet with all their excelleneies there is abundant evidence that they are not entirely satisfactory. From the many addresses of leading educators, from thoughts expressed by leading statesmen, and from the action taken by various national or- ganizations, all advocating radical reform. in our system of education it may be inferred that there exists a state of iiunrestl9 in the educa- tional world. The general trend of this agita- tion is towards more of the practical and less of the theoretical, or a more direct training for the duties of every day life. The public is de- manding, at least, that the boys and girls be allowed to elect more of the sciences, in their various phases, and manual training and do- mestic science. The point is well taken that conditions in our country have changed and are still changing and that our educational system must be remodeled. to meet the new conditions. It is in line with this thought, and in re- sponse to a demand from the people for a more practical system of education that the Voca- tional Education Bill was introduced into our National Senate last J une by Senator Dolliver. Unfortunately its author died some time after the introduction of the bill and up to the present time it has not been acted upon, but the movement is not dead, and we may expect the bill to be revived in the near future. The purpose of this bill, as stated in the bill itself, is: gT0 co-operate with the states in encourag- ing agriculture, the trades and industries, and home economics in secondary schools; in main- taining extension departments in state colleges, and in preparing teachers for these vocational subjects in normal schools, and to appropriate money and regulate its expenditure? For the maintenance of instruction in the trades and industries, home economics, and agriculture in public schools of secondary grade, the bill appropriates $5,000,000 annually, this sum to be allotted to the states, territories and the District of Columbia in proportion to the population as determined by the census of 1910. For such instruction in state district agricul- tural scliools of secondary grade, the bill ap- propriates $4,000,000 annually, with an addi- tional sum of $5,000 for states with fewer than 100,000 people engaged in agriculture. This money is to be allotted to the several states, ter- ritories and the District of Columbia 0n the basis of the number of persons engaged in agriculture. The bill also provides for the establishment and maintenance of branch agricultural experi- ment stations to be located at the agricultural high schools provided for in this act to be ad- ministered as part of the State Experiment Stations now established. For these branch agricultural stations the bill appropriates $1,- 000,000 annually to be allotted in proportion to the number of persons engaged in agricultural pursuits in the various states. It is provided that no state or territory shall be entitled to this allotment until it has appropriated at least a sum equal to that to be received from the gen- eral government. The sum paid to each state or territory shall be applied only to paying the necessary eX- penses of conducting in such branch experi- ment stations experiments bearing directly on the agricultural industry of the United States. The bill provides for the maintenance in each state college of an agriculture extension depart- ment devoted to giving instruction and demon- stration in agriculture, trades and industries, home economics and rural affairs, to persons not resident at these colleges, secondary schools 01' normal schools provided for by this act; 150 THE NORMAL ADVANCE , 1 '- and, it appropriates $5,000,000 annually for maintenance, $10,000 for each of the 48 states and $20,000 for the Department of Agriculture. This appropriation is to be increased from year to year until 1916, when it shall have reached $1,000,000. The additional increase is to be ap- portioned according to the number of people in each state engaged in agriculture. No part of this appropriation shall be available until each state shall have established an extention depart- ment in connection with its college of agricul- ture and shall have appropriated a sum at least equal to the additional amount provided by the general government. The item in the bill of greatest interest to normal school people is that one which pro- vides for the maintenance of instruction in agriculture, the trades and industries, and home economics in state and territorial normal schools and appropriates for the purpose $1; 000,000 annually, which is to be allotted in proportion to the population as shown by the 1910 census. $3,000 additional is appropriated for each state and territory with less than 300,000 inhabitants. Ample provision is made for funds to be used by the various departments in administra- tion. It is further provided that tieach state and territory in order to secure the benefits of this act must accept its provisions and divide its territory into districts, providing in each dis- trict for one secondary agricultural school and a branch experiment station, the total number of such districts in a given state to be not less than one for each 15 counties and not more than one for each five counties. Each state shall enact laws providing for the apportion- ment of the funds for each of these schools? The funds provided by the bill can be used only for the specific purposes for which they are appropriated and in no case are they to be used to pay teachers or buy equipment for other educational lines. The states which ac- cept these funds must provide grounds and buildings. ' It is claimed that if the bill were passed it - would result in instruction in agriculture, man- ual training and home economics in some four hundred secondary agricultural high schools. It would provide for the preparation of teachers in the various state Normal Schools. It would greatly aid the Agricultural Experiment Stations in the various states to extend their work. It would help to make the homes of all classes in the country and city ttsanitary, whole- some, comfortable, artistic and seats of superior family life? It would eventually aid in the Consolidation of rural and Village schools, help to keep the country boys and girls on the farm and teach them how to succeed in agricultural pursuits. It would help ttto fill the gap which now exists between the lower schools and the collegesii This bill has been endorsed by the National iEducational. Association, the National 'State Granges, the Farmers Union, the National F armerls Congress, the Federation of Labor, and by every commercial and manufacturing organization, as well as numerous state and local organizations. Strange as it may seem, practically the only Opposition to the bill has come from the ofIicials of the established agricultural schools, and it is not clear why these oHicials should object to a movement which is intended to popularize in- dustrial and agricultural education. It is very certain that -the'ideas, at least, which are incorporated in this bill will be pre- sented to our national law-making body again, in the near future, and it is hoped that every teacher who believes in popular education of the masses will express his approval of the bill to his representatives in Congress. ' THE NORMAL ADVANCE The Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF Editor-in-Chief - Associate Editor Literary Editor - - -Society Editor - - Athletic Editor ERNEST L. WELBORN GROVER C. SUMMERS .......... KATE V. BLACK ......... ELZIE STEWART ADA TICHENOR ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD LYDIA GRABBE .................. Senior Editor ETHEL HYDE ..................... Junior Editor THOMAS COBLE .................. Sophomore Editor RAE A. GOLDMAN .............. College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST .............. Business Manager MELVIN K. DAVIS .............. Advertising Manager CHARLES E. WALK ......... . . Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS. EI'OWNO PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MISS SWIHART ELMER A. ROW, C. C.. Secretary HARRY HOWICK, ,12 $ Local and Alumni Editors , ..... , ,u KATHERINE LAFFERTY, '13 Published monthly from October to J une, inclusive. Terms . ................... $1.00 per Year Single Copies . . . ..... 15 Cents Commencement N umber --------------- 35 Cents Address all communications to THE NORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute, Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. All alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Enlered at the Terr? Harm: post nl7ice as snrnnd class mail matter. If a diagram and cross-seetion could be made of the mental agony that the editor passes through sometimes when he reaches a point be- yond which he seems to be unable to go in dis- cussing the questions of the day in the editorial columns, the reader could gain a proper appre- ciation of one of an editorls trials. We are often encouraged, however, when we find in the editorial columns of some exchange that reaches our desk, a discussion of a subject upon which we have already written. Indeed, a comparison of our paper with those that come to us leads us to think that we have about covered the field, though we have not undertaken to address the students of I. S. N. on a subject taken up by one of our friends, namely, Honesty. 151 It seems to have fallen particularly to the class of 1896 to furnish alumni contributions to the ADVANCE during this year. Prof. J. O. Englemann and Prof. W. O. Lynch have al- ready written. An article by Mr. Benj. F. Scudder appears in this number, and Prof. Lotus D. Coffman of Columbia University, will contribute to the April number. This has hap- pened through no intention of ours. We invite other classes to compete. with 96, but assure them that it will not be an easy task to carry off the honors. The ADVANCE has been favored thus far with more articles from alumni and the Faculty than from students. We have ample room for as many of the former kind and more of the latter. Indeed, the ADVANCE is primarily a studentjs paper, and the larger part of the material should be contributed by students. We wish to call attention to the fact that not a studentls paper has been contributed during the year on a literary or historical subject, and only one humorous paper. We have reason to believe that there is a real demand for humor- ous sketches depicting the student life of I. S. N. These suggestions are made for the pur- pose of arousing more interest in the ADVANCE. Our thought is expressed in a little rhyme that appears in one of our exchanges. We quote it below, hoping our readers will take it in the good spirit in which it is meant: Because we are not witty, Because we have no jokes; Because we print n0 stories, That please you funny folks, You sigh, and groan, and grumble, And fling us on the shelf. Moral: itGentle reader, Just write something yourself? We are. glad to have in this number a picture of the lVarsity Basket Ball Team of 1910-11. The teamls work has been highly creditable. 152 This year will stand out in the history of I. S. N. because of its bringing an important step in the enlargement of its work. It marks the beginning of the four-quarter year of work, thus extending it six weeks. It was necessary to do away with the spring vacation this year to make possible the change. The spring term will begin March 27 and close June 16, the summer term will extend from J une 19 to Sep- ' tember 8. N0 greater change has taken place at I. S. N. for a number of years; it marks the beginning of a new era of usefulness. Remember the Interstate Debate between I. S. N. and Oshkosh tWiSQ State Normal, to be held in Normal Hall, Friday evening, April 28. The aflirmative 0f the question, Resolved, that a law compelling the arbitration of labor disputes, will be taken by the home team. Be- THE NORMAL ADVANCE m cause of the general interest of the subject, be cause this is the only big debate of the year at Normal, and because the school ought to be loyal to and support debating, a large crowd should attend and enthusiastically encourage the work of the Oratorieal League, under the auspices of which these debates are given. Much enthusiasm was manifested at the chapel period Wednesday, March 8, when the members of I. S. N.?s athletic teams were hon- ored with handsome Normal emblems in the form of large white N73. We wish to congratu- late the school on the spirit it showed at this first occasion of the kind in I. S. NFs athletic history7 and we hope that this meeting will inaugurate a custom that will develop a greater athletic spirit at I. S. N. Little rivers seem to have the indefmable quality that belongs to eertain people in the world, the power of drawing attention with- out eourting it, the faculty of exciting interest by their very presence and way of doing things. hHemay Van Dyke in tth'ttZe Rivers? THE NORMAL ADVANCE 153 ATHLETICS BASKET BALL. ttAll is well that ends well?7 The basket ball season at I. S. N. closed on the evening of Feb. 24 with the sensational Poly-Normal game. Although the season as a whole was not successful, it closed with credit to the Nor- mal athletes. From entirely green and unskill- ed timber to a strong and formidable team is the story of the Normal basket ball quintette of 1911, and let us give the boys, coach, and man- ager the credit which rightfully belongs to them for this achievement. Now, all together, NINE BAHS for: MANAGER VICTOR ASBURY, one Of the most successful basket ball managers in years at Nor- mal, and tcone 0f the boysit who was always ready to take his place quietly and play the game if one of the quintette got ttout of tune? CAPT. ADAM BOWLES, the boy with the smile that wouldntt come 01f, no matter whether it was J mild or Peggensee that loomed up before him. As floor guard Adam bowled along with a speed that often caused consternation to spread over the face of some big fellow when he awoke after his quiet sleep to find Bowles and the ball half way to the opposite basket. MARIAN MCCOLLOUGH, guard, the ttStationaI-y Guard;a who was not always station-ary, and who worked like a tiger to take everything that came his way and leave the smaller fellows free to do the floor. ERNEST ELLINGWOOD, center, the center that could leap for the ball with any of tern and al- ways played the game with his whole heart and strength. And if the ball happens to lodge above the basket instead of calling for the itwindow sticki, he takes a sail for the rack and pulls down the ball himself. EBER MOORE, forward, the best floor general that ever wore the blue and white as a for- ward. Fast and sure, he was everywhere, al- ways at the right time and fighting like a tiger. Not even Peggenseek ttbear hugs?7 could keep him from playing ttthat second half? PRENTIS KNOX, forward, the fastest man on the team, an Irishman and a forward that we are proud of. thinliy,7 has form that may shine outside the walls of I. S. N. It is a pleasure to see the dexterity with which he shoots a goal or the ability with which he steals the ball from his opponents whether they be big or little. ALBERT MCCORMICK, sub., tgLittle Mackf, the boy that always made good when his chance came. Again, NINE RAILS for the team. On the afternoon of Feb. 16th, Hanover came up from her retreat 0n the ttBeautiful Ohio77 and matched fives with old I. S. N. The game was hotly contested throughout by both sides. Normal worked well and was well supported by an organized corps of rooters in the alcove 0f the Gym. Hanover made the fatal mistake of miscalculating her foe, and in the opening of the first half tried to swamp our fellows with mere weight, but after the first two minutes play they failed to find our fel- lows when they put out their hand for them and when they woke up usually found that someone had the ball in rapid transit for the Normal basket. Knox displayed extraordinary speed and Normalts fatal error of leaving her opponents basket uncovered was eliminated by the steady work of McCullough, as stationary, and by Mooreis extraordinary ability in keep- ing in the Open and always ready for the ball. The result was a brilliant Victory for Normal. Score: Normal 16, Hanover 11. Lineup: Koehoe .......... Forward .......... Asbury Trotter .......... Forward ........... Moore Hamer Knox 154 Lawson ........... Center ....... Ellingwood Mann ............. Guard ........... Bowles Vories .. . . . . . . ..Guard. . .. McCullough Referee, Charman. On the evening of Feb. 24th the Normal Seconds defeated the Normal High Seniors in a curtain raiser to the NormalePoly game, the score being 24 to 11. ttButch,7 Bird and Tommy Kobie played well for the winners. Lineup: Seconds. Seniors. Eudaiy .......... F orward ........ Overpeek Bird ............. F orward ........... Daiiey Robinson, Gwinn, Demaree .......... Center ........... Reagon Shaw .............. Guard. . Reagon, Sanford Coble ............. Guard.:........... Smith Time of halves, 15 minutes. Referee, VVhissen. About 9 oiclock the Poly five faced the Nor- mal five in the Normal Gym. A fierce rooting contest took place between the Poly corps of rooters, stationed at the south end, andsthe Nor- mal corps, stationed in the alcove. The En- gineers were over-confident, but the first few passes were lightning-iike passes and dribbles on the part of Normal, and they took the breath out of Polyts sails and she stayed. All through the first half Hadley,s boys played desperately, but scored only one field goal. On the other hand Normal was keyed up to the best of her ability and fought the Engineers like tigers. It was amusing to see ttDollyit Greyis futile eiforts to ride over our smaller fellows, and the way in which our boys covered him when he started for the ball. Knox was in beautiful form and it was a pleasure to see the little Irishman dart from underneath some big 0p- ponent and dash down the line, evading all at- tempts to stop him and ending with a graceful shot for the baskeFa shot that rarely failed, too. McCullough as tistationaryti guard, was there with the goods when he was needed, and THE NORMAL ADVANCE Capt. Bowles roughed it with any one who came his way and the smile never once left his face. Ellingwood, at center, seldom failed to start the ball for Normals basket, and Moore was at the right place, at the right time, every time. Moore furnished the best shot of the day when he threw a field goal after a sensa- tional dribble. The score of 7 to 3 in favor of Normal was a result of the speed with which our boys performed, and it was necessary for Poly to make a desperate rally in order to win in the second half. tCBigii Poggensee broke into the game for Poly in the second half, and , his rough and tumble work changed the tide for Poly. Poggensee ttmuffedt Moore about the neck severely, injuring his neck and rendering him unconscious. As soon as Asbury entered in Mooreis place Poggensee managed to cut his eye so that Normal played handicapped during the rest of the game. Westover of Purdue, who was to referee the game, did not appear, and Coach Seth Hadley of Poly, ofliciated. Former basket ball captain M. B. Nugent of Normal, acted as umpire and balanced the rulings. The decisions were uni- formly well given. The largest crowd that has seen a N ormal game this year packed the Gym. and enjoyed the exciting game. Lineup and summary :' Poly Q49. Normal thi. J. Kelly ......... Forward ............ Knox Deming . . . . .Forward. . . Moore, Asbury Gray ............. Center. . . . . Eliingwood OEutt, Peggensee . .Guard ....... McCoilough Virowe ............ Guard ........... Bowles Field goalsmGray 4, Kelly 2, Knox 1, Moore 2, Ellingwood 1. Foul goalszelly 2, Bowies 2. Time of halveseQO minutes. RefereeWHadley of Poly. UmpireeNugent of Normal. F :5ng 412m hmxvim 156 THE NORMAL ADVANCE THE CLASSES SOPHOMORES. The Sophomores have been rather dormant during the past month, and n0 meetings have been held. Their quietness might he attributed to two reasons. First, the Seniors, with whom the Sophs hold their meetings, have proposed n0 meeting, and with all due respect the Sophomores look to them for leadership. Second, as the end of the term draws near, the Sophs have so much ttneglectedw work to bring up, that no time is left for meetings. However, the joint committee is busy on a program for the 17th inst. COLLEGE 00 URSE. Although some may have thought that the College Course was sleeping this term, it was really only resting, saving its energy for the one great aEair to be held Thursday afternoon, March 16. There are alluring, mysterious whispers afloat that suggest all sorts of delight- ful things. The attractive poster calls the Col- lege Course students to register. N0 college so far has ever had such a splendid scheme for registration as this. But what the scheme is- come, all ye college students, and find out. Oratorical and Literary Organizations DAEDALIAN. The Daedalian Literary society is still living up to its standard of work. The interest has increased greatly during the past month. The three debates which have been held have shown great improvement in the ability of our mem- bers. The society takes great pleasure in having Mr. Stewart added to its membership. The following OfIicers were elected for the coming spring term: President ..................... Mr. Shanner Vice-President .................. Mr. Tennell Secretary ...................... Mr. Binford Treasurer ...................... Mr. Mitchell Chaplain ................... Mr. Youngblood Parliamentarian .................. Mr. Byers PHILOMATHEAN. During the term the literary work of the society has been well prepared and enjoyed by all. Several of the dramatists and their most important work has been studied. The time of meeting has been changed from Saturday morning to Saturday evening. Saturday evening, March 11, the Daedalians met with the Philomatheans. A program and social evening was enjoyed. FORUM. The Forum Society gave its winter term dancing party March 11 at the Elks7 Club. The dancing hall was decorated with llowers and ferns. The patrons and patronesses were Prof. and Mrs. J. B. Wisely, Prof; andiMrs. Arthur Cunningham, Prof. and Mrs. Roscoe Hyde, Prof. Frederick Mutterrer, and Prof. J ames H. Baxter. The hosts were Messrs. Albert McCormick, Lawrence Pierce, Raymond J ared, Earl Asher, Carl Scudder, Edward Gifford, Victor Asbury, J. W. Curry, B. W. Byrne, Herbert Mahan, Clem Thompson, and D. R. Henry. The guests were Misses Edith Brunker, Leatha Peterson, Letitia Ferree, Naomi Lane, Ruth Brown, Edna Provine, Ruth OlMara, Zelpha Burkett, Georgia Cole, Gertrude Lewis, J essie Andrews, and Evelyn Brown. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 157 SOCIETY WOMANiS LEAGUE. The entire league was delightfully entertain- ed Feb. 8-14 by Mrs. A. R. Charman, who gave a series of receptions, each afternoon entertains ing several of the chapters. One afternoon a tea was given for the non-seetion members of the league. The hcurs were from 3 t0 5. Each afternoon Mrs. Charman was assisted by some of the ladies of the Faculty. ALPHA. Misses Minnie and Mary Hill entertained the members of the Alpha Section of' the W0- mants League, Saturday, March 11, at their home in North Fifth street. The affair was in the nature of a steamer shower for Miss Louise Gillum, who will leave in three weeks for a trip abroad. Miss Mary Hill entertained the guests by reading aloud a delightful story, 4tThe Lit- tle Revenge? After the reading of the story Miss Gillum was showered with the gifts brought by her friends, among which were a. number of attractive articles to be used on her j ourney. A delicious luncheon was served. The members present were Misses Mary Austin, Franc Palmer7 Hazel Kelley, Edith Hartley, Louise Barbour, Marguerite Weleh, Maybelle Peek, Louise Gillum, Maude Richey, Lucy Belle Settle, Arpy Curry, Clara Lawrence, Anne and Ruth Price, Ethel Scudder, Ruby Weills, and Simon Price. GAMMA GAMMA. Miss Sarah Hunt was hostess for a theatre party on Saturday afternoon, March 4. The guests were the active members of Gamma Gamma. The Gamma Gamma Alumnae Association has elected the following Ochers for the present year: President, Martha Block; Vice-president, Beatrice McClain; secretary, Catherine Staff; assistant secretary, May Lockwood; treasurer, Grace Riehle. Members of the Gamma Gamma Alumni planned a winter picnic for March 13 at the home of Mrs. Allyn G. Adams in Collett Park Place. They had as their guests the ac- tive members of the Gamma Gamma sorority. The alumni members are Mrs. Anna Nichol- son J aekson, Mrs. J essie Boyer Moore, Mrs. Fern Casto Eppert, Mrs. Maybelle Steeg Lam- mers, Mrs. Henrietta Herz Cohen, Mrs. Arthur Cunningham, Misses Sarah Hunt, Pansy West, Leatha MePhillips, Beatrice McClain, Helen Hopewell, Helen J ackson, Sara Carpenter, Edna Newton, Gertrude Hebb, Julia Howe, Hazel Hathaway, May Lockwood, Rose Duen- weg, Edith and Georgia Flood, Bessie Locke, Martha Block, Florence Redifer, Norma Froeb, Grace Riehle, Alice VVOOdy, Bertha Phillips, Helen Phillips, Lela Ogle, Fay Ross, Catherine Staff. The active members are Miss Marie Rhoads, Erma Mayrose, Charlotte Hitch, Ruth Hope- well, Edith Cornell, Zillah Stevens, Ruth OiMara, Mary Carithers, Marie Price, Ruby Fuhr, Evelyn Brown, Bessie Streever, Anita Duenweg. LLAMAEADA. The girls of the Llamarada Sorority met at the home of Miss Haziel Woolen, 1600 Poplar street, Friday evening, March 3. The first de- gree of initiation was given, the candidates be- ing Miss Mercedes Penna, of this city, and Miss Rozina Becker, 0f Vincennes. Those present were Misses Haziel Woolen, Anne Forbes, Margaret Lahey, Gertrude McComb, Mercedes Penna, Rozina Becker: Louise Pickett, and Marguerite Sevengel. 158 After the initition a business meeting was held and arrangements were made for a Saint Patrickts Day party, to be given on the even- ing of March 17, at the home of Miss Lahey. MU ZETA. The Mu Zeta Section of the VVomank League gave a dinner at the Filbeck hotel7 Sat- urday evening. The color scheme was rose and white carried out with carnations and ferns. The place cards were white with the gold harp, the emblem of the sorority, at the top. Carna- tions were given as favors. The evening was spent in music, which was furnished by the dif- ferent members. The sorority members are Misses Emma Dwight, Helen Connor, Helen Smith, Helen Froeb, Vanessa Ratcliife, Mar- garet Howard, Anne Orebaugh, Mabel Goss- mann, Freda Meyer, Henrietta Way, Minnie Hoberg, and Leela Beach. The Mu Zeta girls were entertained by their leader, Emma Dwight, at her room on North Sixth street, Saturday, J anuary 21. The novelty of the left handed registration as each girl en- tered the room was a source of much merri- ment to those who had already passed through the ordeal. The afternoon was pleasantly spent in playing flinch and other games. Refresh- ments were served, after which the guests de- parted, declaring Miss Dwight had proved her- self a most delightful hostess. On the afternoon of Saturday, March 4, the M11 Zetas met with Vanessa Ratcliff. The rooms were appropriately decorated in pen- nants, the color scheme being carried out in the M11 Zeta colors, pink and white. A contest, also a ttgeneral lesson? was given7 each having for its subject-matter, the names of certain members of the Normal Faculty, as to which may be best applied to the places left for them in the lists of sentences. Each girl then tested her skill acquired in the manual training de- partment by modeling the lyre, the emblem of her chapter. Henrietta Way was declared to be THE NORMAL ADVANCE the most successful. After a most delightful afternoon spent in games and music the girls went to the Rose Pharmacy, where lunch was served. PSI THETA. Miss Blanche J ohnson entertained the mem- bers of the Psi Theta sorority Saturday after- noon, March 11, when the following young wo- men were initiated: Miss Emma Lenhart, Miss Estella Smith, Miss Abagail McMahan. After the initation the afternoon was spent in mak- ing seven kinds of candies. The favors were hand-painted booklets in the sorority colors, which contained the recipes for the candy made. Prune whip and marshmallow cake were served. The members present were Misses Nelle t Flesher, Madge O7Haver, Mary Ella J ohnson, Mabel Brown7 Ella Morford, Edna Newman. Regrets were received from Mesdames Elsie Grail, Erba Hinkson, Alice Cook, Ethel Hyde. Miss Mabel Brown entertained the Psi Theta section Saturday, March 4, at the Clark home, in North Sixth street. The special features of the afternoon were contests, music and sewing, after which light refreshments were served. The guests were Madge O,Haver, Blanche Johnson, Elsie Crull, Estelle Spitz, Abigail McMahon, Ella Morford, Mary Ellen J ohnson, Ethel Hyde, Edna Newman, and Neil Flesher. The Psi Theta section gave a pretty valentine party at the Normal Y. W. C. A. house Satur- day evening, February 11. The parlors andr dining room were tastefully decorated with scores of hearts, valentines, cut flowers and pen- nants, and the color scheme of red and white was carried out in the decorations, favors and refreshments. Many appropriate contests and games were indulged in, and prizes were won by Ethel Hyde, Walton Woody, the ttCupidsF, After the games a light luncheon was served in the dining room. The hostesses were the Misses Johnson, Hyde, Newman, Peters, THE NORMAL ADVANCE h;wg Johnson, Cook, Brown, Morford, Spitz, Crull, McMahon, Hinxson, and Flesher. The guests were Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe Hyde and Messrs. Tennell, Summers, Youngblood, Mun' sey, Woody, Scudder, Byrne, Binford, Stewart7 York, Mahan, Howick, Dome, Pfingst. The regular meeting of the Psi Theta chapter was held Saturday afternoon7 February 18, at the Normal Y. W. C. A., Mary Ellen J ohnson being hostess. After the business was attended to, a social hour was enjoyed, after which dainty refreshments were served. PI ZETA. The girls of the Pi Zeta chapter entertained with a delightful Martha Washington party at the home of Miss Thirza Parker, in North Fifth street7 Saturday evening, February 25. The hostesses were dressed in colonial costumes of yellow and blue, their sorority colors. The reception hall and parlor were artistically dec- orated in streamers 0f the same colors, and the electric light globes were hooded in yellow. Innumerable pennants were arranged on the walls. In the dining room the colonial colors prevailed. A canopy of red, white and blue was arranged and streamers 0f the patriotic colors extended to the four corners of the table. The pennants in this room were also of these three colors. In the center of the table was a huge vase of red and white carnations. The light in this room was furnished solely by red and white candles placed in brass candlesticks. Small flags and hatchets completed the table decorations. This color scheme was also carried out in the two course supper. The cake was iced in red and white, and the ice cream was molded in red and white hatchets. The favors were miniature cherry trees. The entertain- ment of the evening was unique and clever. The hostesses were the Misses May Breaking, Georgia Cole, Hazel Neill, Ethel Carr, Hazel B. Neal, Thirza Parker, and Nell Broadhurst. The guests were Mr. and Mrs. George Carr, the Messrs. Grover Summers, Herbert Mahan, Wil- liam Tennell, Emery Binford, William Grose, Albert Youngblood, and Robert Carr. THE FACULTY. Mrs. Arthur Cunningham and Mrs. J ohn M. Kimmel arranged a delightful dancing party for Friday, February 24, at the Knights of Pythias temple for .the members of the faculty. Each member of the faculty was given the privilege of inviting one couple to be present. An interesting program of dances was carried out to music furnished by the Thomas or- chestra. During the intermission a luncheon consisting'of sandwiches and coffee was served. Mrs. Cunningham and Mrs. Kimmel weren as- sisted in receiving the guests by Frederick Mutterer. The hosts and hostesses were Presi- dent W. W. Parsons, Dr. and Mrs. Louis J . Rettger, Prof. and Mrs. J . B. Wisely, Prof. and Mrs. O. L. Kelso, Prof. and Mrs. F. Hig- gins, Frederick Mutterer, Miss Rose Cox, Prof. and Mrs. U. 0. COX, E. M. Bruce, James H. Baxter, Miss Sarah Swihart, R. R. Hyde, Miss Edith Bailey, Miss Bertha Schweitzer, Miss Minnie Frost, Miss Alice Woody, Miss Alma MeCrum, Miss Elizabeth Crawford, Miss Carabelle Greiner, Miss Mary Moran, Prof. and Mrs. J . M. Kimmel, Prof. and Mrs. Arthur Cunningham. They had as their guests Mr. and Mrs. Allyn G. Adams, Prof. and Mrs. James A. Wicker- sham, Mr. and Mrs. William C. Downing, Dr. and Mrs. J. Rudolph Yung, Mr. and Mrs. Clarence E. Lambertson, Mr. and Mrs. Clar- ence A. Royse7 Mrs. Edson L. Kidder, Prof. Frank Casper Wagner, Mr. and Mrs. Carl J . F ischer, Sr, Miss Winifred Rettger, Miss Edna Regan, Miss Hazel Armstrong, Dean Arm- strong, Jasper Curry, Byron Kelso, Joseph Gillum, Harvey Failing, Charles Pulliam, Harry Luckey, J . Hill, George Nichols, J. Kornfeld. J ames Baxter has taken one of the three- room apartments in the Bell flats on Oak street 160' THE NORMAL ADVANCE E and Will keep house. F rederick Mutterer, 0f the language department, has a siX-room apart- ment in the Temple flats on Oak street. J. J. Schlieher, 0f the Latin department, Visited the West Terre Haute High School 011 March 1. The students were very much inter- ested in a number of pictures of places Visited by Dr. Schlicher during his Visits in Southern Europe. Dr. Schlicher used the electric lan- tern slides. Miss Sarah Swihart spent Saturday, March 11, in Indianapolis. WVhile there she attended the annual luncheon of the Delta Gamma sororitygof the Indiana University. LOCAL and ALUMNI liois Rutledge Visited Terre Haute friends hIarCh 6. Clara Macdonald, Who has typhoid fever, is still very ill at Union Hospital. Mrs. J . E. Morris of Indianapolis, was the guest of her sister, Stella Albright, the last week in F ebruary. Otto Chi'isty visited in Terre Haute Satur- day, March 4. Mr. Wright, former third baseman on the baseball team, was Visiting here for a few days the iirst of March. Mrs. Crull Visited her daughter, Elsie Cruli, F ebruary 25. William D. Stevens Will return to Normal for the spring term. Frances Peyton, i09, Who teaches at Jason- ville, is ill at her home on South F ourth street. Louis Phillips was the guest of Terre Haute friends and a Visitor at Normal the last of February. Misses Grace Colglazier and Eva Davis came to Terre Haute March 4 to see Sarah Bern- hardt. Mr. Nugent and Mr. Carey Were the lucky fellows. Edith Owen was the guest of Olive J ohnson, March 4. Some students are wondering how Chaimer Day got out of the Normal building on Wash- ingtonis birthday. Did he use his little hatchet? Miss Richey spent Saturday and Sunday, March 4 and 5, at her home in Thorntown. Miss Lewis spent Sunday, March 5, at In- dianapolis. There Will be a social at the First M. E. church by the Young VVOmerfs and the Young Ladiesi Sunday School classes, Thursday, March 16. A program Will be rendered in which the ttOloZ Bachelorsit Will ttpmposeii t0 the 6t0ch Maids? Mr. McClure, 710, is now principal of the Newport High School. He Visited at I. S. N. Saturday, lVIarch 4. Otto Christy was Visiting at I. S. N. F riday night, March 3, and attended the lecture in the Normal Hall. Oscar Schopmeyer is teaching the 7th grade at Shelbyville and says he is enjoying his work very much. Lee Troth, Who finished his course here in the full term, is now attending I. U. Shanner, our baseball manager, has had the boys out at Parsons Field trying to see What training they needed for the on-coming THE NORMAL ADVANCE 161 season. We believe he Will make us a good manager, and will lead our baseball team thr07 to success. We Will stand by him and give him all the aid necessary for our Victory. Go on, Shanner, we are With you to the end. Mr. Powell, a former student of I. S. N., Will return in the spring term. Miss Kate Black Will be a spring term as- sistant in the English department at the Nor- mal. Miss Black is well prepared for the place and we Wish her the greatest of success. She Will finish her course at I. S. N. this term. Mr. Atkins, superintendent of J asonville High School, was at I. S. N. a few days ago looking for an English teacher. Mr. Atkins was a former student at I. S. N. Mr. Phillips, a former student of I. S. N., Who has been in California for two years, is spending a few days in Terre Haute. He is a student well known by many. The young ladies of the school desire that the Faculty at I. S. N. give them the first week of next term to get ready for next term, for many fine dresses are to be made. We hope they get What they desire. Where youth agrees With age, not Where they diifer, Wisdom lies; and it is When the young disciple finds his heart to beat in tune With his gray-haired teachers that a lesson may be learned. y R. L. Stevensonts ccTalk and Tallcem.97 162 THE NORMAL ADVANCE EXCHANGES PROF. IN LATIN GLASS AT 1. S. N. Miss can you distinguish between the meanings of ttautf ttaut;7 and ttvelQ, tcvely Miss Sure I can tell you the dif- ference in the meanings. ttAuthettauth means either this one or that one. tPointing to a cer- tain gentleman 0n the front seaty. She says ccvelh ttveP, means this man or no mamW Teacher: J ohnny, spell house. Johnny: Brick or frame? Teacher: What is vacation? Pupil: Vacation is a thing of the past. Prof. to new student-Have you been through trigonometryT, New Studentw-CtYes, but I went through in the night and I didnt see much of it? TeacherettSuppose you had ten oranges and give nine-tenths away, what would you haveW Pupil-tLI should have my head examined? -Ew. Saint PeterettWell, who are youW Candidateettl am a student?7 Saint PeterettDid you read your college paper W Candidate-ttI did?7 Saint Peterw-ttDid you subscribe for itW Candidatee-ftl did not? Saint PeterettFirst elevator downy w-Ew. Teacher tto dull pupiDettWhen Geo. Wash- ington was your age he was a surveyor?7 Dull PupilettYes, and when he was your age he was President? eEw. Teacher-Give the principal parts of sit. SenioreSit, sat, sitten. -Em. Teacher-wCharles, tell me what you know of the Mongolian race. Charleswv-I wasn,t there. game. I went to the ball -Ew. The wife of one of the professors at Harvard warned him, as hewent to oEiCiate at a funeral one day: ttNow, John dear, dontt stand with your bare head on the damp ground, youtll surely catch cold? e-Lowell Review. -Eac. ccWhat animal? said the teacher of the class in natural history, ctmakes the nearest approach to man W ttThe flea, Sophie. 7? timidly answered the little eEw. There seems to be much ado about nothing here, because two gentlemen of Verona had a Mid-summer Nightts Dream that Macbeth was Taming the Shrew for King J ohn, whose Merry Wives of Windsor had raised a Tempest for Richard III. Then the Merchant of Venice caused a Comedy of Errors by selling Measure for Measure, J ulius Caesarts necktie. This was a case of Love,s Labor Lost, so on The Twelfth Night, King Lear sent Othello to Hamlet, where he beheld Antony and Cleopatra playing Romeo and Juliet. This is only a Wintefs Tale, but as AIPS Well That Endts Well, let us hope it is As You Like It. I t eEw. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 163 VEBVEBBBBBBB nagaaaegaaaaaaa ATTENTION! ARE YOU A SUBSCRIBER TO The Normal Advance? H not hand in your subscription for the remaining FOUR NUMBERS. including the Commencement Number The Normal Advance is devoted entirely to the interests of the Normal StuJents. Every Student should subscribe for it. YOU NEED the paper; IT NEEDS your support BEBEBEBEEEBEEBR aaaaaaaaaaaaaa 164 THE NORMAL ADVANCE THE NORMAL BOOK STORE This is NOT A NEW STORE but THE OLD STORE that has served the students and public for many years. WE ARE LOCATED ON THE CORNER OF SIXTH ancZ CHERRY STREETS ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE STREET. Prices are Guaranteed to be Correct. This Store is Primarily'THE STUDENTS STORE We have the Books and Articles you are required to get, and we want you to get them of us. While You Are In Our Store look at a guaranteed Fountain I Pen, a Bible, a School Pennant, a box of Stationery, and many other things. DO YOU WISH TO SAVE MONEY? We have many hundreds of slightly damaged or soiled Text Books which we will sell at reduced prices. THE NORMAL BOOK STORE IS THE PLACE THE NQRMAL ADVANCE VOLUME XVI. , TERRE HAUTE, IND, APRIL, 1911. NUMBER 7. LIFE Let me but live my life from year to year, With forward face and unreluctant soul; Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal; Not mourning for the things that disappear In the dim past, nor holding back in fear From What the future veils; but With a whole And happy heart, that pays its toll To Youth and Age, and travels on With cheer. So let the way Wind up the hill or down, Oter rough or smooth, the journey Will be joy; Still seeking What I sought When but a boy, New friendship, high adventure, and a crown, My heart will keep the courage of the guest, - And hope the r0ad7s last turn Will be the best. e11 mwy Van Dylce. 166 THE NORMAL ADVANCE The Meaning of Education A Chapel Talk CHARLES R. DRYER An eminent biologist has presented the prob- lem of life by calling attention to the different results which follow from kicking a stone and kicking a dog. The stone reacts, as an aching toe may testify, and we may assume that, as it rolls along the ground, its temperature is slightly raised and its molecular constitution otherwise modified. The reaction is simple and purely physical, and the inner state or life, if we may call it so, of the stone is but slightly disturbed. The dog reaction differs with the kind of dog that is kicked, but is in any case very complex. The result may be the planting of the dogs teeth in the kicker7s calf, or in the flight of the dog yelping with his tail between his legs. The dog sulfers bodily pain which arouses anger in one case or fear in the other. Physical changes occur inside the dog, circula- tory, muscular and nervous, but are overshad- owed by a whole series of phenomena of entire- ly different character, which we call sensation, emotion, instinct, will, no trace of which ap- pears in the stone. The inside of any animal is sensitive and responds to external stimuli to which the stone is entirely insensible. Some animals are very simple in organiza- tion, their range of sensibility is small, and their responses to external stimuli are corres- pondingly few and simple. One of the most poverty stricken of animals in this respect is the sea-squirt, which takes the form of a small sac Iixed to the bottom of the sea and having a single opening. It is dead to every external influence except one, and like the stone, re- sponds only to a mechanical shock. When the surface is touched or a grain of sand gets into the mouth, the sac contracts. It is diflicult to imagine how narrow and poor its inner life is, and we hesitate to believe that it possesses any consciousness at all. Yet a distinction between sea-squirt pleasure and sea-squirt pain ap- parently exists. Jelly fish are only bell-shaped masses of transparent jelly floating in the sea; yet they are generally sensitive to mechanical stimuli, to the temperature and chemical composition of the water, to gravity and to light and dark- ness. Almost their only response to these influ- ences is the rythmical pulsation of the bell, which suffices for locomotion, respiration and nutrition. Such an organism is a little world by itself almost shut off from the great world around it. There are few doors by which com- munication can take place and each is opened by a single key. WVhich had you rather be, a stone, a sea- squirt, a jelly fish or a dog? You all know their analogues among human beings. You know men who go about as if they were carry- ing an inverted barrel over their heads so much of the external world is shut out, they perceive so little7 their horizon is so narrow and their inner world is so limited and poverty stricken. What are you here for? Isnit it to find keys which will unlock more doors into the world around you, to open them wider, to bring your- self in sensitive contact with the universe on all sides, to enlarge your field of Vision, to increase the range and complexity of inner response to outer stimuli? We have heard recently from this platform striking and beautiful statements of the end and aim of education. The best that can be made is still inadequate. When I was a boy somebody asked me what I was going to school for and I said, c4to learn something? I have never out-grown the belief that the real reason for the existence of schools is to teach and to learn. That the end and aim of educa- THE NORMAL ADVANCE :: tion is to learn something may seem an ab- surdly naive and old-fashioned statement, but I believe that I meant by it all that anyone can say. What is it to acquire knowledge except to establish new points of contact between your- self and your environment, to become aware of things which did not before exist for you, to get into communication with things previously remote, to subject yourself to new influences to which your inner self will respond in new ways? It is hardly necessary to say that new experience is not obtained wholly at school and that perhaps the better part of education can- not be had there at all; but what a school does is done systematically and more or less scientif- ically, instead of incidentally and. at haphaz- ard. The sea-squirt and the jelly iish are capable of suffering more as well as enjoying more than the stone, and the dog suffers and enjoys more than either. As you open more outside doors, break up or cast off your shell, and expose yourself more to the impact of the universe, you increase your capacity for pain as well as for pleasure. But one of the things which keeps alive my faith in the benevolence of the universe, or as it is commonly put, the goodness of God, is the growing conviction that, on the whole and in the long run, the increase of pleasure is greater than the increase of pain. I believe that a highly educated man, by which I mean a highly and complexly sensitive man, enjoys more in one hour than an uneducated and insensitive man does in a lifetime. This is only saying that any experience, any conscious- ness, any life is better than none, and that the fuller and richer experience can be made the more does life become worth living. The fundamental standard of rank in the universe is based upon simplicity and complex- ity. The diamond has been subjected to some molecular force which the piece of coal has not and has been shaped by it, and we accord to the crystal a higher rank. The chances of your changing from coal to diamond depend upon your being subjected to crystallizing forces. 167 The plant is sensitive to a mysterious influence which we call life, and its structure, functions and activities are more complex than those of the crystal. The animal feels and responds to stimuli which the plant cannot, and the dog belongs near the top of the animal scale be- cause he is as superior in this respect to a jelly fish as a jelly Iish is to a sea-weed. If we con- tinue to use the same measure of rank, the most highly sensitive man is farther above the dull- est one than the dull one is above the dog. Any sincere effort at education for yourself or for others needs no apology or justification. We may go on without fear or misgiving, hunt- ing for keys and opening new doors to let the universe in, with an assurance that failure to increase the sum of good and desirable things is hardly possible. The best that a school or college can do for you is to help you to know a good thing when you see it. That means that you are able to recognize a bad thing also, and applies to all kinds of things. The college should enable you to distinguish between the good and the bad and make you willing to give all that you have for the good and unwilling to take the bad at any price. It should enable you to distinguish between the statements of the patent medicine almanac and the advice of a trained physician, to know that a man who says he has made a perpetual motion machine is either a fool in science or a knave, to see the great gulf fixed between the Idylls of the King and The Old Swimminl Hole7 to know the dif- ference between Giottols bell tower at Florence and the soldiers, monument on the public square, between the portrait of our President in the library and a crayoned photograph at three dollars7 to know which school is honest and which is fraudulent when one requires you to work four years to win a bachelors degree and the other contracts to deliver it in one year. Fortunately, few things are all bad, but the problem of better or worse continually re- ours, and education is the only thing that can help you to tell the expert from the quack, the genuine from the sham. 168 MxPhilOSOphers have not yet agreed as to what knowledge is of most worth, what window lets in most light, and probably never will. Donlt worry about it. Open every window you can and take your chances. I spent eight years of my youth on Latin and six on Greek. If it had THE NORMAL ADVANCE been German and French, would it have been more profitable? I do not know; but I do know that nothing could tempt me to part with what I got. All real knowledge is essentially priceless and whatever investment you make, you cannot lose. The Life and Work of Turgot WM. C. ROYSE ?France, during the 18th century, up to the time of the Revolution, was in the hands of tggraftersj7 to use an Americanism. Of the Very few exceptions to this rule7 Turgot shines out like a beacon light. He was honest, con- scientious and able, but owing to the caprices and: jealousies of Louis XVI and the nobles of France, his work was a flat failure at that time. Anne Robert J acques Turgot, Baron de la Aulne, was born May 10th, 1727. His family was of noble descent so that he was able to haverra great number of advantages. While at school he was studious although not a prodigy at this time. As he was a younger son, it was necessary for him to have a career. His family decided on the-clergy and in pursuance of this course he was sent toathe Seminary of Saint Supplice. Reading and thought caused him to disagree with the established doctrine but he stuck to . hisltheological course for the time being. 'V'While stilljin school he started on his liter- ary career. In this line alone, he would have litred-if he had done no other work. 1594011, thetEXistence 0f Godll was the title of this work, but as only fragments remain, a fair idea- cannot be given of it. In 1749 he wrote to a3friend, in a letter not intended for pub- lication, a treatise on the evils of a valueless Currency; Louis XV had much currency of this kind and in this letter Turgot put f01th such arguments that they were used 1n opposi- tion to the anti- redemption forces 1n the United States in the seventies and eighties. His chief and clinching argument was, 21f too much money was issued without something more than the stamp of the King back of it, no power on earth could keep it from depreciating? In 1750, being only 23, he wrote articles on natural history and geography that were standard. Altho7 he differed in the points of doctrine with his fellow students, he was, owing to his extreme brillianey, elected chief of their 0r- ganization and was able to hold his own with men much older than himself. At 23, in spite of the entreaties of his family and friends, he forsook the idea of being a priest7 saying that tthe could not go through life with a veil over his face3 even if he was throwing over a chance for great wealth and power. As he had great influence, through his relatives, he could have easily become a bishop in a short time. In the civil service which he entered, his great ability gave him rapid advancement. He was modest but had the ability to recognize his own ability. He accepted a position at the Court which superseded the Parliament of Paris and in consequence became the enemy of those who were put out. While in this capac- ity he was interested in all problems of political economy which confronted France. The French encyclopedia shows how deeply he went into the affairs of government and his articles in this work, on the subjects in which he was concerned, were considered masterpieces. He was one of the first disciples of Newton in France. I THE NORMAL ADVANCE In 1761 Turgot was appointed Intendent of Limoges. In a way, this oilice corresponded to Governor, but the Intendent had more power than a modern governor had. The acceptance of this ofIiee showed Turgot in his true light. He forsook a very good chance to shine in Court, for a dull, routine office of administra- tion. Limoges was one of the poorest districts of France. Incapable Intendents, ruling for their own gain, had ruined all its resources. The peasants were destitute, living in hovels and having very little of anything to eat. Clothes, in anything but rags, were rare. Agriculture was in the same state or worse than it had been one hundred years before. Immediately upon assuming office, Turgot started in to clean the Augean stables. First of all, he gathered up all the information he could about the conditions in the district. In this he relied largely on the parish priests, and, although he was at swords points with them in doctrine, he ,won them to him by his interest in the condition of their parishioners. His oiiicial subordinates were infused with his spirit and worked with him. He first took up the question of taxes and while he was not able to abolish the taille, or land tax, he did his best to lessen its severities. He also strove to lessen the severities 0f the central government and was able by his repre- sentations, to lighten the burdens of his people. He also disposed of the system of holding cer- tain taxpayers responsible for the whole dis- trict and instituted iresponsibile collectors who were paid a stated salary and who made noth- ing outside of their salary. In his attack on the system of road repairing and military transportation, Turgot was fairly successful. By the system then in Vogue, each man kept the roads up as he saw fit and as a result, the roads were worse than Illinois roads after a rain, and men and animals could be . drawn from their work to repair the roads for the passage of troops, the peasants could, also, be forced to assist in transporting the sup- plies of the army. 16,79 Turgot changed all this; he established a moderate tax for the maintenance of roads, under the direction of skilled engineers. Dur- ing the administration of Turgot, the roadsuof Limoges changed from the worst to the- best.- 1 He was also active in trying to break down the internal tariff walls and by his efforts, the edict of 1763, establishing free trade in grain was established. In order to educate public opinion, in 1764, he wrote letters on the free trade in grain, but in spite of his eii'Ort's, a large party attacked him and during the fam- ine, in 17 71-72, he took active part in relieving the famine by his measures as well as actual work. He also encouraged agriculture, improv- ing the methods and instituting new varieties, notably the potato, in spite of the tradition that it caused leprosy and that it was not to be eaten as it had not been mentioned 1n the scriptures He improved the military system by sub- stituting bounties for conscription, and builti- ing barracks instead of quartering the soldiers on the inhabitants. Turgot wrote reports of the condition of his district, that were so comprehensive that Napoleon used them when he came into power. He broke down the feudal traditions and forced the landed proprietors to treat the peas- ants humanely, and refused to let provisions be sold at starvation prices during a famine, and it was to be expected that complaints went to the king, accusing Turgot because of his un- just actions. During this time, Turgot kept up his literary work; his most important works being'iiThe Wealth of Nations;9 and an article on itLoans at Interestfi which he was in favor of, inispite 0f the prohibition of the early churchmen. During the last of his intendency, he had the full understanding and recognition of Louis XV. Louis XV died in 1774 and his son, only twenty years old, became king as Louis XVI. Maurepas, a fop, whose only attributes were, that he had been exiled by Louis XV, and the good sense to see that he must get able men to help him, was chosen to select a ministry. Turgot was one of those selected. 170 Although Turgot had made good in Limo- ges, Maurepas did not, at first, trust him with too much power and he was appointed Minister of N aval Affairs. He outgrew this oliice in less than six weeks. He had not had time to make necessary reforms when he was appointed Cons troller General, to the great satisfaction of both King and Commons. His first oHicial statement was ccNo increase of taxation, no bankruptcy, no new debts, economy and retrenchment? This one state- ment made him enemies. The first budget showed Maurepas that he ' had judged well, for it paid the deiicit and, also, some of the outstanding debt. This was but a beginning. The old system was rusty and Turgot saw that it must go, and to save trouble, he decided to get rid of it be- fore it got rid of the ministry and king. Use- less officers were dismissed; grafters were ar- rested and, last of all, internal revenue on grain was abolished. For a while everything bright- ened up and all looked well. Maurep-as, for a wonder, although Turgotis policy was opposed to his, offered no obstacles and helped out by appointing Malesherbes, an able man, to the position of Minister of the Kings Household. At this, honest men took heart, for it seemed that, as last, France was in such a condition that honest men could at least have justice. Then, after showing that he could see clearly, Louis recalled the Parliament of Paris, which7 in its former existence, had done only one good thing, suppress the clergy. Turgot and his colleagues opposed it for unselfish reasons, while the brother of the king opposed it, for he considered that it hindered royal power. In addition to this, the king showed very bad judgment as to his coronation. Turgot, seeing that the country was bankrupt, or nearly so, was for an economical coronation, and in addi- tion to this, he was for changing the coronation oath so as to permit the king to tolerate Pro- testants. On both points, the king stood fast and started in wrong. THE NORMAL ADVANCE The decrees abolishing internal revenue on grain had been winked at by the officers before Turgot, but as soon as possible, they were re- newed, much to the disgust of the 4tGrain Ring which had been in the habit of buying in one part and selling in another, having incidentally bribed the customs oiiieers. In the year that this law was renewed, the harvests were bad and bread riots were the result, which started in the out-lying districts but speedily advanced to Paris. Turgot, after letting Louis try his hand at pacifying the mob by talking, obtained the kings consent to a measure, which, although severe, was in the end merciful. He caught the leaders of the riot and hanged them on a gal- lows forty feet high, as an example. It did the work and rioting died down. In addition to this, while he had his authority, Turgot coerced the Parliament of Paris in publishing the edict of free trade in grain. But unfortunately, the real instigators of the bread riots, the grain ring, could not be punished, as many of them were of royal blood. In 1775 Turgot made an attempt to reform the Taille by which the commons paid all the taxes, because of the old theory that the nobles held up the kingdom by their swords, it was considered just that the commons should pay the taxes. The clergy were exempt, as they upheld the nation by their prayers. It resulted in the commons holding up the nation and being held up by the nation. In addition to this, the people suffered from the government monopoly on the articles of use in everyday life, even being reduced to eating grass because of the prohibitive prices on food. In the early part of 1776 the six great edicts were prepared. They were designed to lighten the burdens of the French people. The first of these was an enlargement of the military trans- portation and road-making systems introduced into Limoges. The only argument against this was that it put the nobles and clergy on a par with the people at large. Another of the edicts dissolved the guilds about which such strict THE NORMAL ADVANCE wwh-f- lines were drawn that one man could not mend a coat and make it also. All trades had such foolish lines drawn around: them. In general, the opponents argued along the lines of the Chinese to the effect that uit always had been so and always should be so.77 He also attacked the Farmers General, who were a close parallel to the old Romans of that title. They had infiuence at court and success- fully blocked all reform. In fact, he had ree fused the customary ctpresentn which had al- ways been given to the incoming controller. He also introduced a number of minor reforms such as having luxuries high and necessities low, abolishing unnecessary sinecures around the court, and he abolished as far as possible, lotteries. In every case, he indemnified those who were damaged. A constructive as well as a destructive policy was pursued by Turgot. He established a postal system, improved the roads and estab- lished coach lines. In addition to this he Vir- tually established the College of Surgeons and endowed professorships in the College of France. He also favored putting the common schools on a scientific basis. Turgot, by his energetic reforms, made many 171; y; enemies; chiefly the queen, because he shut down on her spending too much money, and the Count of Provence, the kings brother. This hatred caused Turgotls downfall. First Meles- herbes resigned and because he was opposed to the candidates supported by the court, he was dismissed in 17 7 6, just twenty-one months after assuming oflice. Turgot was one of the ablest men of his time and saw clearly what France was ooming to, but like all other reformers, where the people donlt want to be reformed, he made too many powerful enemies who, when they had the chance, turned on him and deposed him. His ideas on taxation were sound and just. He believed that all should share equally, both burdens and privileges of citizenship. .His greatest fault was his taetlessness. and embar- rassment in the presence of strangers. If he had been retained by Louis, the Reign of Terror would not have been and France would have been spared Napoleon and his wars and the commune and the degredation at the hands of Germany. His career is a typical ex- ample of the folly of kings and people. After his retirement into private life, he turned his attention to literature and science. PRAYER. More things are wrought by prayer Than this world dreams of. thy voice Wherefore let Rise like a fountain for me night and day. For what are men better than sheep or goats, That nourish a blind life within the brain, If, knowing God, they lift not hands of prayer, Both for themselves and those who call them friend ? For so, the whole round earth is every way Bound by gold chains about the feet of God. -L07'd T ennyson. 172 THE NORMAL. ADVANCE The Functions of the Public School LOTUS D. COFFMAN, I. S. N., '96; Columbia University There are two terms or extremes to the edu- cational process; one is the world With its many educative situations, and the other is the individual. Education occurs Whenever there is an interaction between the self and environ- ment. An individiial or organism maintains its individuality by continuous adaptation to its environment. The essential attribute, there fore, of the individual for educational pure poses is activity, and it must be remembered that development comes only through the eX- pression of this self activity as adjustment oc- curs between it and the ever changing environ- ment. Since education is the result of the in- teraction between the impulses and habits of the child and the ideals of society, it has two phases; one, psychological, and the other soci- ological, With both of Which the leaders in edu- cational thought must be familiar. Evidently the starting point in the process is the original psychical powers of the child, While the stands ard for determining the relative values of the interests and instincts of the individual must be social life; past, present and future. The psychological side is concerned primarily With teaching method, while the sociological side is concerned primarily With the materials of edu- cation. The teacher and administrator should give attention to both sides, but the emphasis necessarily varies With the character of the functions they perform. This interaction between the world With its many educative situations and the individual Who is the active agent, constitutes the raw ma- terial of civilization. These two extremes are never completely reconciled. There is always some conflict between them, but the character of the adjustment is constantly undergoing re- finement. The world to Which these adjust- ments is being made, is two-fold. It consists of nature and of human nature. The changes , nature. that are occurring in the natural world are re- latively unimportant in comparison With the changes that are occurring in the human world. Natural law remains about the same for every part of the globe, but the social world is a shifting and complex thing, varying with race, location, time, age, and the like, and adjust- ment to it is a far more difficult thing. The human individual is therefore confronted With the problem of a double adjustment to the natural world, and t0 the human world. Out of manls relation to the natural world have come the physical or natural sciences; and out of man,s relation to the human world have evolved the social sciences. But man himself is also dualistic. He con- sists of matter and of mind. Out of his rela- tions to the physical side of his nature have been developed the physiological sciences, and from his mental side have been developed the psychological sciences. The relative import- ance of these two phases of human nature has been the subject of many discussions, and out of the struggle to settle the issue came the bi- ological doctrine of evolution Which has given us not only a material man and a material uni- verse, but a mental man and a human world. In relation to the school, evolution has made three contributions; tll It is said that the human child is a weak and helpless creature in the face of the physical and social worlds; Qt That it is plastic, oapable of being taught and trained; and 090 That it is variable, being un- like other individuals as to its abilities and its From these three things we get the triple function of the school. The school like the home at first is protective in character. It takes its weak and helpless creature, throws about him a protecting en- vironment, not merely for his own personal welfare, but for that of society in general as THE NORMAL ADVANCE 3173 well. Eight hour labor laws, compulsory edu- cation laws, and the like, were passed foreboth the individuals and society,s protection. The second great function of the school is that it is educative. In the plasticity of the child we find the significance of the prolonga- tion of the period of human infancy. The hu- man child has an infancy longer than any other animal. During this time it is being trained in the skills and aptitudes for high human liv- ing. The third function of the school is that it is selective in character. This does not become obvious until the high school period is reached, When compulsory education laws are no longer effective. The public school not, only alters those Whom it selects, but it selects those Whom it Will alter. It picks out and labels the in- telligent and the efficient. It is a social agent whereby one may advertise his ability. It helps to put right men in right places. More than that, each type of school tends to select its own types of work- ers. The feeble minded school gets its type, the theological school its type, the law school its type, the boarding school its type, and so on. Education undoubtedly works to some eX- tent for castes. The variability of human na- ture, as well as the variability of the demands of society, explains the necessity for the exis- tence of diiferent kinds of schools. The school gets its protective function from the helplessness of the child; its educative from his plasticity; and its selective from his vari- ability. SCOTCH HYMN. There are blossoms that hae budded, Been blighted i7 the cauld, An, 1ammies that hae perished, Because they left the fauld; But cower ye in aneth His Wings Wha died upon the tree, Ana gathers in His bosom Helpless weans like you and me. In the warld there,s tribulation; In the warld there,s Wiae; But the warld it is bonnie, For our Father made it sae; Then brichten up your armour, AnT be happy as ye gang, Though your sky be aften clouded, It winna be for Iang. eAnonymous. 174 THE NaORMiAL' ADVANCE The Autobiography of a Mouse IVA MILLER, Normal H. 8., I15 I first lived in an old barn. There I spent my childhood, scampering undisturbed over the piles of wheat and corn in the granary and playing with my brothers and sisters. We were never afraid then, for, although our mother had told us dreadful stories about horrible mon- sters called teats? we had never with our own eyes seen one and so we felt safe. No one ever came to the barn except an old man who kept his horse in one of the stalls. Whenever we saw him coming, we usually hid, but one spring day my brother, Nibbles, and myself had ventured outside of the barn door at our play. around the corner of the barn, carrying an armful of corn. Nibbles crouched behind a pile of rubbish, but I jumped directly across his path and ran home. ctConfoundl those mice W said the 01d fellow, ttthis rickety 01d barn is getting so full Of them that I cant even feed my horse without step- ing on a half dozen of them? That was the end of my happy career in the barn. The next day when I went to the gran- ary to get something to eat what should I see but a big black and white thing with long silky hair. It was sitting in the doorway in the sun. I could see that it had long sharp claws and eyes that glowed like fire. I suddenly changed my mind about going into the gran- ary; I thought that I was probably not half so hungry as that awful thing sitting in the door- way. J ust then the huge creature yawned. Ugh! I can see those teeth yet. Well, that was enough for me. I left the crack through which I was peeping and ran home to tell mother. After that we often saw the eat, and several of my brothers and sisters mysteriously disappeared. One day we children were playing hide-and- go-seek in the granary. I was hiding in a sack of wheat which had not been tied at the Suddenly the old man came top. All at once something pounced through the air and grabbed one of my brothers. That was the last I ever saw of hima My other play- mates scurried away to safety and I crept farther into the wheat. I lay still for what seemed years. Then some one came and tied the mouth of the sack. I could tell that Ii'was being carried, but I didn7t try to get out, of the sack for fear of that horrible cat. Suddenly the bag, with me in it, was dropped onto something with a thud. Then I heard somebody say, ttGet up P, and I could feel that I was moving again. I rather liked the sensation of moving without any effort on my part so I lay still. I think I must have gone to sleep, for the next thing I knew was that the moving had stopped. Then I felt that I was falling. I scrambled to the side of the sack just as the motion ceased. I crept out of a tiny hole which had not been seen when the wheat had been sacked and I saw that there were many sacks of wheat around me and that two men were pushing more off of the wagon. The men did not see me so I ran over the bags and scurried into the great building which was near. I afterward learned that it was called a mill. There were great wheels in it, rolling and mak- ing an awful noise. Men were pouring the wheat into a big trough and the noise was so great that I could hardly think. I ran to the back of the mill and hid among some old bags. That night I ventured out. I saw that just behind the mill were piles of rubbish, tin cans, and almost everything. Just across the alley was another old building. In that old house, a tenement building, I took up' my new life among the city mice and there I am living now. When I get hungry I either go up stairs and get into some oneis cupboard or race across the alley to the mill. I am free from danger here, because there are no cats, and I hope to live, happy and contented the rest of my life. T'HET NORMAL ADVANCE 175 DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE PRACTICAL USES OF CHEMISTRY Manufacture of Artificial Gas from Coal RUSSELL CAREY When coal is subjected to high heat in the absence of air, it undergoes the process known as destructive distillation, yielding gases, liquids, and solids. The gases are chiefiy oxides of carbon and hydrocarbons; the liquids are tax- and ammoniaeal liquors; and the solids, coke and ash. In order that coal may be conveniently car- bonized, it is placed in retorts Which are her- metically sealed and then heat applied. These retorts are from nine to ten feet long, made in a itroundf, ttovaP, 0r ttD-shapedii cylinder. They may be made from either Iire-clay or cast- iron. Those made of cast iron are not as dur- able, as cheap, or cannot be heated to so high a temperature as those made of fire clay. On the other hand, retorts of fire clay must be kept continually at a high temperature as there is danger of their cracking in being tilet down. The shape of the retort has much to do With its selection for the economical production of gas. It must be of such a shape that the coal can be thinly and evenly exposed to the heated walls of the retort. If the coal is not evenly spread in the retort, the valuable gases will be driven off from the outside coal and as the heat penetrates to the interior, useless gases Will be- gin to be evolved from the outside coal Which was carbonized earlier in the process by being in closer proximity to the heated walls of the retort. The time necessary to drive the valu- able gases from coal varies from three to siX hours, usually three and three-fourths hours are employed in this part of the process. When the carbonization, is complete, the door of the re- tort is opened a little and a torch applied Which causes a combustion of the gases at its mouth, thus avoiding a slight explosion that might be detrimental to the retort; The door is now thrown open and the coke drawn by means of long-handled steel rakes. As the coke is drawn it falls to a lower floor Where water is thrown upon it to prevent its further combustion. This coke is used later in the generation of tivvater gas?7 The composition of the coal used is im- portant and Will be discussed later. These retorts are arranged in various ways, usually in benches consisting of a series of columns of retorts, three in a column. The re- torts are heated by the burning of coal in a furnace beneath them. About five hundred pounds of coal must be burned to carbonize a ton of coal in the retorts. A ton of coal Will yield about 9,000 cubic feet of gas. F rom each retort the gas is conveyed through an ascension pipe about siX inches in diameter that extends upward and rises a short distance above the bench of retorts. Then it dips down- ward into a large hydraulic main that receives the gas evolved from all the retorts. This large pipe is partly filled With a liquid, a mixture of tar and ammoniacal liquors. The object of the liquid is to provide for the automatic sealing of the dip pipes. These pipes extend into the liquid just far enough to seal them against the maximum back pressure of the gas When the re- torts are opened to be refilled With coal. This hydraulic main is provided With an automatic overflow to remove the liquid as it is constantly increased in volume by the condensation of the tar and ammoniacal liquors which are driven from the coal With the valuable carbon gases. The gas now passes from the hydraulic main through the condensers. These condensers are 176 THE NORMAL ADVANCE a series of pipes with their surfaces exposed to the cool air. The object of the condensers is to liquify the tar and ammonia previously held in suspension. Further, the condensers serve to lower the temperature of the gas so that it is at the proper temperature to pass through the further processes of purification. It is neces- sary that the gas be of a temperature of from eighty to one hundred degrees that it may be purified to the greatest degree possible. From the condenser, the gas is drawn by an exhauster and forced on through the scrubbers and wash- ers. It is necessary that the gas be quickly re- moved from the condensers that the partial de- composition of the richer gases may be pre- vented. Further, as has been said, the gas must be propelled with enough force that it will pass on through the remaining purifying appar- atuses. On leaving the exhauster, the gas enters the scrubbers. This apparatus is usually arranged as a tower scrubber, which consists of an up- right cylinder, its height being six or seven times its diameter. In the inside of this cylin- der is a lattice work. By means of a force pump, water is sprayed over the, lattice work, the water being forced in at the top. The gas enters at the bottom of the cylinder and comes in contact with a large area of wetted surface as it ascends. Here a large per cent of the am- monia is removed since it combines so readily with water. For further purification, the gas passes through a rotary scrubber, the structure of which is essentially the same as that of the tower scrubber, except that the cylinder is in length about twice its diameter, and is placed in a horizontal position. It contains a series of parallel wooden disks over which water is sprayed. As the gas passes through this last scrubber it becomes more and more pure until but the slightest trace of ammonia is found in the water through which the gas has passed on the last disk. Thus far the tar and ammonia have practical- ly been eliminated together with a large per cent of the sulphuretted hydrogen. The gas is now ready to pass through the last purifier, but, as in most gas plants where gas is produced for illuminating as well as heating purposes, it is mixed with ttwater gas? It is best at this time to discuss the manufacture of ttwater gas? It is desirable, in order to produce greater illuminating power, that the ordinary coal-gas be enriched. For this purpose ctcarburetted water gasal 0r ccoil-g511s,i is employed. When water is passed over heated carbon, hydrogen and carbon oxides are formed. Both of these gases are inflammable though they have but little illuminating value. In practice this valuable gas is made by heating coke to a very high temperature and then throwing water upon it. The water is broken down into its elements which unite With the carbon of the coke forming the hydrogen and carbon oxides. While this gas is highly heated, it is mixed with vaporized oil. The generator, in which the water-gas is made7 is a huge upright cylinder, holding about siX tons of coke. First the coke is ignited and heated to a white heat by forcing through it a blast of air. The air is then shut off and steam admitted. Non-luminous gas is evolved and is passed into a super-heater. The super-heater is also known as a carburetter for it is here that water gas is enriched by intermingling With the carbon of the vaporized oil. While the coke is being heated in the generator, the waste heat is utilized in raising the carburetter to a high tem- perature. By means of a pump, oil is sprayed into the carburetter which immediately vapor- izes and forms a mechanical mixture with the water gas. About four gallons of oil is con- sumed in enriching one thousand cubic feet of gas. This process is continued until the tem- perature of the coke is no longer sufficiently high to break down the steam into its elements. The gas is now passed through a condenser which lowers the gas to such a temperature that any oil or water vapors, Which may be present, will condense. The gas is now passed into a relief storage, a THE NORMAL ADVANCE large tank to hold the water gas until it is mix ed With the coal gas. The impurities in water-gas are sulphur, water vapor, and oil vapor. The water and oil vapors are removed in the condenser, While the sulphur is taken out in the final purification process. Water gas is made quickly and does not need to be a continuous process. Fewer men are em- ployed in producing it than in the production of coal gas. But, on the other hand, there are no waste products as tar and ammonia Which may be proiitably utilized in other industries. Everything considered, coal gas can be more cheaply made, but in nearly all plants, Where gas is made to be used for heating and illumin- ating purposes, both kinds of gas are manufac- tured. The last purifier, through which the gases are passed after having been mixed, consists of two large bOX-like structures eleven and one-half feet deep, twenty-four feet long, and sixteen feet Wide. These boxes are filled With a mixture of iron borings, pine shavings, and lime. The purpose of the iron is to remove the sulphuretted hydrogen by forming iron sulphides and free- ing the hydrogen. The lime removes any car bon dioxide by the formation of carbonates. The pine shavings form a bulky, porous mass through Which the gas is able to pass readily. Two purifiers 0f the dimensions given above Will contain 3,500 bushels 0f the purifying mix- ture. When the material becomes saturated With sulphur, it must be replaced by a new mixture. It is necessary to make this change about every seventy days. When the used material is heap- ed up for a few days and then spread out and exposed to the action of the air, it is revived for the sulphur leaves the iron forming an oxide in the air and the mass may again be used in the purifiers. The gas is admitted at the bottom of the purifiers at eighty to one hundred degrees tem- perature. Above or below this temperature the 177 sulphur cannot be removed. The gas is now conducted away at the top and passes through a meter Which measures the output of gas from the plant each day. After passing through the meter it is conducted into the large storage tank from Which the consumers draw their heating and illuminating gas. From a purely chemical standpoint, the mak- ing of coal gas is quite complicated, owing to the fact that, When coal is heated in the ab-- sence of air as in the retorts, a great number of carbon and sulphur compounds are formed. Among the gases given off are marsh-gas and other members of the parrifin series of hydro- carbons and also other hydrocarbons as acety- lene tC2H2l, ethylene tCzHLQ, xylene CsHioi, etc. Nitrogen and traces of oxygen, Which are very likely due to atmospheric contamination, are always found. The constituents of coal gas may be divided into three classes: Luminiferous bodies, all hydrocarbons. , N on-luminiferous bodies, hydrogen and car- bonic oxide; the burning of these constituents alfords considerable heat. Dilutents, nitrogen and carbonic acid. The composition of the coal Which is employ- ed in this process has much to do With satisfac- tory workings of the plant and the value of the gas produced. Bituminous coals are generally employed in these plants. As the presence of sulphur is very objectionable, it is necessary to secure a grade of coal in Which the percentage of this element is very small. The most satis- factory coal for gas making, in this country, is that obtained from the coal fields of Pennsyl- vania. The by-products Which are utilized, are tar and ammoniacal liquors. The tar is taken from the ittar-wellsl, and sold to be used in the manu- facture of roofing pitch, to be used With as-t phalt, etc. The ammonia is employed in the making of artificial fertilizers. 178 THE NORMAL ADVANCE WHAT CHEMISTRY IS DOING FOR AGRICULTURE GEORGE WALKER The greatest work of chemistry to agriculture is to maintain or increase the fertility of the . soil. This can only be done by supplying the soil With the constituents Which are used up in forming the plant. One of the constituents thus used up is nitrogen. Nitrogen is generally found in the soil in the form of nitrates. The problem of the chemist has been to iind means for obtaining nitrogen so that it can profitably be furnished to the plant. The root nodules of clover and of other leguminous plants are caused and inhabited by a species of bacteria Which enables the plant indirectly to feed upon the unlimited and free store of nitrogen in the atmosphere. Thus by using these plants as green manure and for food for farm animals the fertility of the fields is maintained, in so far as the element nitrogen is concerned, With- out the costly use of nitrogenous manure. The principal sources of nitrogen in commercial fer- tilizers is the nitrates obtained in Chili salt- peter, the nitrogenous by-products from the packing houses, and calcium nitrate from the Birkelund-Eyde process, and the Frank pro- cess. The two latter processes obtain their supply of nitrogen from the air by means of the electric arc. ' Phosphoric acid is another necessary plant food. The phosphates are obtained from phos- phate rock, from bones, and from phosphatic slag. Iron containing a high percentage of phosphorus is unfit for use. By oxidizing the phosphorus, such iron can be used and the phosphates make valuable fertilizers. Thus chemistry is giving double benefits. Chemistry has done much to promote the progress of agriculture in the line of chemical technology. The principal agricultural chemi- cal industries are starch and glucose manufac- ture, sugar manufacture, Wine making, brew- ing, distilling, and tanning. Starch is made in the United States mostly from Indian corn, although potatoes are used to some extent. The presence of nitrogenous mat- ter in starch is undesirable: By chemical and mechanical means this separation is now ef- fected, leaving the nitrogenous food in a state suitable for animal food. The oil and protein in the germs of the corn are separated from the starch. The protein makes a rich animal food and the oil is sold for other purposes. I The manufacture of glucose is a chemical process. Starch is submitted to the action of certain ferments and acids and is converted into sugar. The acid used is hydrochloric and the action takes place under pressure. An even more important utilization of chemi- cal knowledge isfound in sugar manufacture. Beet juices, on account of their composition, present greater difliculties in manufacture than the juices of sugar cane. Without the aid of chemical science the manufacture of the beet sugar would have never reached its present state of protection. Around the beet factory are grouped vast dairy interests. The cattle are fed upon the pulp. , Wine making rests also largely upon chemical, principles. Only through the most careful chemical control are the best flavors obtained. Consciously or unconsciously, the Wine maker is a practical chemist. The by-products in mak- ing Wine are made use of by the chemist. Thus tartaric acid is obtained and is made use of in the manufacture of baking powders. Brewing is almost Wholly a chemical science. Through the'researches of Pasteurand other distinguished chemists, the method of produc- ing pure cultures of yeast was established. A fine flavor is obtained only by pure yeast. The principal materials used in the process of tanning are products of the soil. Chemical technology has shown that in the process of tanning the gelatinous matter of thh hides are composed are impregnated With tanning THE NORMAL ADVANCE 1'79 principles in such a way as to change their na- ture rendering them insoluble in hot or cold water, resistant to atmospheric influences, flex- ible and lasting. All these conditions are ob- tained by strictly chemical processes which have been carefully worked out. In like manner the utilization of the tanning producing forests has been rendered much more economical. Former- ly only the bark of the oak, the hemlock and the chestnut was employed, but chemical science has shown that mixed. with the hber of the wood are tannic properties of high value. The subject of food economy is of vital in- terest in farming. Since the application of chemistry to agriculture, inquiries have been made into the composition of food materials. Foods containing the most nutritive constitu- ents according to the price are used. The foregoing sketch is intended to show some of the profits agriculture is deriving from chemistry. The true composition of the soil OXYGEN HELMETS and its relations to plant growth are now known. The methods of utilizing plant food and of conserving it for the coming years have been fully established. The principles of plant growth and the chemical changes attending it are understood. The laws of animal nutrition have been experimentally learned, and by their application great economy in the use Of nutri- ents is eHected. The methods by which organic nitrogen is prepared for plant food have been revealed, and some of the ways in which atmos- pheric nitrogen enters into organic combination are marked out. The application of the prin- ciples of chemical technology to the elaboration of raw agricultural products has added a new value to the fruits of the farm, opened up new avenues of prosperity, and developed now staple products. In the beginning of the new century, we find chemistry intimately associ- ated With nearly every line of agricultural pro- gress, and pointing the way to still greater ad- vancements. FOR RESCUE WORK ALFRED BYERS In the past years the number of deaths that have been caused by accidents in the coal mines of the country has been appalling. The papers and magazines have told over and over how from eight to ten thousand miners are killed and injured every year. It is said that in Amer- ica in 1909 about five out oftevery thousand miners were killed. One of the great causes of this terrible loss of life is explosions of fires damp or marsh-gas, CH4. When this gas is mixed with air it explodes violently, wrecking the mine. In the explosion the carbon of the fire-damp is oxidized to carbon dioxide and the hydrogen to water. The carbon dioxide formed is deadly because it does not support respira- tion. 7 The miners call this carbon dioxide itohoke-dampfl They know that after an eX- plosion of fire-damp has occurred that there is danger of death from the ohoke-damp. Fires and explosions of coal dust in very dry coal mines offer the same danger. The explosions themselves do not produce so many deaths by their violence, but in wrecking a mine they ob- struct the air courses which bring air to the miners and allow the choke-damp to envelop the miners and suffocate them. Miners often can tell an instant before when an explosion is going to happen and can protect themselves from the heat and Violence of it by lying fiat upon the H001 of the mine. This does not avail when they are enveloped by choke-damp. It is said that of all men who die in mines ninety per cent meet death through suffocation. The problem, then, that confronted those who understood the circumstances was to secure a device which might create an artificial respir- able atmosphere for rescuers so that they might enter the mines immediately after an explosion and bring out those who had not been killed by the explosion but who were being suffocated 180 by the choke-damp. The oxygen helmet sup- plies this need. It is equipped with a tank of compressed oxygen Which is carried on the back. The oxygen supply is connected with the operators month by a flexible, rubberslined metallic tube. The exhalations 0f the operator are passed through a compartment containing small lumps of potassium hydroxide. The po- tassium hydroxide absorbs the carbon dioxide 0f the exhalation 0f the operator, leaving the nitrogen to mix with more oxygen from the tank and thus create a respirable atmosphere inside the helmet. Fitted with helmets of this kind, men may work with comparative com- fort and efficiency and perfect safety in the fumes 0f the most deadly gas for two hours or more. The oxygen helmet is convenient to use. It weighs complete only forty-iive pounds. There is another use of the oxygen helmets besides that of furnishing oxygen to the rescu- ers. They may be taken into the mines and placed on those who are being rescued. In this way menls lives are saved who would not have lived until they were removed from the mine. They are kept alive by the oxygen until they are carried to fresh air. , The terrible loss of life in mines, on the one hand, and the efliciency of the oxygen helmet in helping to reduce this loss of life, on the other, produced quite a movement in lines of rescue work. The result was that a bill was introduce ed into Congress to create a Bureau of Mines, one of the main purposes of which was to de- velop more efficient and cheaper methods of mine rescue work. It is not the purpose of the government to engage in general rescue work, but rather to educate people in rescue work until the mining companies have thoroughly trained rescue crews at their mines. An experiment station has been established at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Part of this sta- tion has been planned as a model coal mine. This is a large, glass-encased air-tight room which contains diflicult passages such as exist in coal mines. There are also various obstruc- tions similar to those found in a mine after it THE NORMAL ADVANCE has been wrecked by an explosion. ttDummies,l are also provided, weighing from one hundred fifty to two hundred pounds each, representing asphyxiated miners. The apartment is filled with sulphur dioxide and a corps of men wear- ing the oxygen helmets remain in this chamber for at least two hours, removing obstructions, picking up the ctdummiesf7 giving them g4emer- gency treatmentf, and carrying them out. In addition to this local school at Pittsburg a number of mine rescue cars which serve as traveling schools, are engaged in spreading the knowledge of rescue work. The Bureau of Mines has equipped six of these cars. These cars are stationed at the great coal mining cen- ters and will be sent out at a moments notice to the scene of a disaster to co-operate with the State mining officials in rescuing miners. Be- sides this emergency feature, the cars wll visit all mining towns and camps of any importance within the territory which it has to cover. The headquarters of each car will be as follows: Car No. 1, Pittsburg, Pa.; car No. 2, Urbana, 111.; car No. 3, Rock Springs, Wy0.; car N 0. 4:, Billings, Mont; car No. 5, Salt Lake City, Utah; car No. 6, Knoxville, Tenn. The cars on the Outside look like Pullman cars. Each one is equipped with a number of oxygen helmets and a supply of oxygen in tanks, besides a supply of ordinary rescue and first aid materials. For the purpose of demonstrating and teaching the use of the oxygen helmets, one end of the car is fitted up as an air-tight room. This room is filled with poisanous gases and the men to be taught wearing the helmets remain inside the room for two or three hours in an atmosphere that would kill at once without the helmets. All this action on the part of the govern- ment goes to show the importance and eificiency of the oxygen helmet in saving the lives of miners. It is believed that if these helmets had been available at some of the recent mine dis- asters many lives might have been saved. It is to be hoped that the use of the helmets in the future will reduce almost to a minimum the number of deaths resulting from gas explosions and fires in mines. THE NORMAL ADVANCE The, Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF ERNEST L. WELBORN GROVER C. SUMMERS .......... KATE V. BLACK ......... ELZIE STEWART ADA TICHENOR ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD LYDIA GRABBE -------- Senior Editor ETHEL HYDE ..................... Junior Editor THOMAS COBLE ....... , - - . . ..... Sophomore Editor RAE A. GOLDMAN ......... College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST .............. Business Manager ALEX. MCCULLOUGH ............. Advertising Manager CHARLES E. WALK ......... - . Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, Ex-chz'o PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MISS SWIHART ELMER A. Row, C. 0., Secretary ............... , 111 HARRY HOWICK, 112 KATHERINE LAFFERTY, i13 - -Editor-in-Chief Associate Editor Literary Editor i . Society Editor . . Athletic Editor i Local and Alumni Editors Published monthly from October to J 11119, inclusive. Tm ........................ $1.00 per Year Single Copies . . . ....... 15 Cents Commencement Number ----------------- 35 Cents Address all communications to THE N ORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute, Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. All alumni. as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Entered at the Terre Haute post oyicc as second class mail matter. Since the time is close at hand for electing an editor-in-chief of the ADVANCE for the year 1911-1912, candidates for the position should be making themselves visible. There should be a number of persons desiring this position; if the proper school spirit exists there Will be. It is true that no material remuneration is offered, but there are other rewards that deserve con- sideration. No other position granted to a stu- dent of I. S. N. olfers greater opportunity for developing executive ability. Another editor has put our thought concretely in this way: ttThe paper must appear on time, Whether or not the material is Within reach. If it is not, he can either improve his skill in persuasion, or perfect his own style of composing t :1: i: A career in miniature is Offered to anyone Who 181 cares to test his wearing qualities?7 A minia- ture of an object has all the essential elements of the object itself. Moreover, our experience has been that there is a satisfaction in this work that is pleasing to one Who enjoys the unexpected turn of events or the effort to bring things to pass. And after it is all over, one Will have a feeling of having grown to a degree corresponding to the energy put forth. The above rewards are well worth consider- ing, but the reward isnlt the greatest question. The requirement of time and effort is not overly great for one Who has a well organized staff. The possession of ability carries With it the obligation to use it. It is really selfish to de vote oneis self entirely to receiving from I. S. N., if there is anything he can give the school. In the early days, it was considered unusual that the fair philosopher Hypatia pursued her studies far into the night. The world moves forward. It is unusual for a student of I. S. N. not to be pursued by his studies far into the night. Every year brings improvements in the work of I. S. N. The recent introduction of equip- ment for teaching domestic science deserves mention in this connection; We congratulate the pupils of the Training School upon the appearance of the first number of their paper, the Revewbethor. We have not had an opportunity to review it, but we hope to have it on our exchange list. You can get the April, May and J une num- bers of the ADVANCE fer practically the same price as the J une number alone. The J une num- ber Will be a school annual, that all Will desire to have. Subscribe for the three numbers NOW. We are glad to welcome the large number of students Who are here for the spring and, it is 182 to be hoped, summer terms. There is a peculiar inspiration in the appearance of such large numbers in the bounds of old. I. S. N. We trust that many will find it possible and desirable to be here the whole of next year. We add itdesirablei, to ttpossiblel, because we wonder if there are not those who have never really considered the matter of spending a whole year in school. A not inconsiderable part of the good of an institution like this one comes throl getting into the tiSchool Spirit? and that can be done only by those who are here when the various student organizations take up their work, for it is in connection with these organis zations that ccSchool Spiritl, manifests itself. Furthermore a year in school is a step to something larger. Perhaps there are those who THE NORMAL ADVANCE are satisfied with the progress made during a one term in school each year. To them, a years work would give a new standard of pro- gress, it would open up new fields of learning, new problems, and greater ambitions. The real spirit of I. S. N. includes all this. A slogan for next year: ccA larger interest in oratory and debating?7 By this we do not wish to minimize the work done during the past years, including this one. We mean that we have only started. Other schools no larger than this one take the keenest interest in this phase of school life. The competition for places on teams is the keenest, and the schools support their representatives almost en masse. Why not I. S. N.? GOOD MANNERS. Thomas Nelson Page writes 64On the Decay of Manners,77 manners which are the hall mark of clthat life of quality, the foundation of which is good breeding, the native air of which is reiinement, and the membership of which are all the gentlefolk the world overRl some of his points: Here are ttThe bloom on the ripened fruit of civiliza- tion, and the proof of its perfection, is delie cacyfl ttWhatsoever the form may be, and there are many forms in which good breeding may pre- sent itselfeas many indeed, as are the incidents of social intercourseewhatever tends to put at ease the person one meets is good manners, and whatever tends to the opposite is rudeness? If those who are gentlefolk, who possesses the rare, but often unprized, treasures of reiine- Inent, culture taste, and high ideals of living and thinking, would scrupulously hold them- selves above pandering to vulgarity simply be- cause it has wealth behind it, a society would soon be formed which would have not only the stamp of good breeding, but, as possessing the thing itself, would have the authority and power to dictate its own terms? wOOpied fmm the Tewe Haute Tribune. 'THE NORMAL ADVANCE ll 1 83 Items of Interest MEETING OF THE STATE HISTORY SECTION. Beginning on the afternoon of May 5, Fri- day, the History Section of the State Teachersl Association Will hold a two daysl session at the N ormal school. The meetings of Friday after- noon and Saturday morning Will be held in the Assembly room of the Training school, and the meeting of Friday evening in Normal Hall. It is assured that the papers and discussions Will be of a high standard. Dr. Woodburn, of the State University, Dr. Moran of Purdue University, Dr. G. Henry Smith of Goshen College, all have places on the program. The teachersl problems Will receive special attention from high school teachers. On Friday evening in Normal Hall, Dr. Wm. E. Dodd of University of Chicago, and Pro- fessor O. L. Manchester of the State Normal School at Normal, 111., Will lecture on ccThe Fight for the Northwest in 1860,,9 and ttEcon- omics in the Public Schools? Both of these men are regarded as authorities in their respec- tive fields; They are also known as very inter- esting lecturers. Teachers of history, school principals and superintendents 0f the State are urged to attend all sessions. One of the interesting features of the meet- ing Will be an exhibition of helps in history teaching. It Will be gotten up by Mr. Lynch and Miss VVeyll, and ought to be of great help to teachers who are seeking for information in this newest field of history work. The Terre Haute House Will be headquarters for Visiting members. Prof. Guy C. Hanna7 formerly principal of Normal Training school, took up his new work as principal of the Indiana Boyst Reform School at Plainfield, about April 10. Miss Crawford, 0f the Training High School, is serving as principal of the Training school, and Mr. Howard Byrne has charge of the Latin department. Among the spring assistants are Miss Edith Blaydes in grammar, Miss Rhyan in manual training and domestic science, Miss J essie Rob- inson, in psychologyeall of Whom were here last year. In addition there are Prof. Goble 0f Greenheld, in history; Miss Kate V. Black, in grammar and reading, and Mr. E. A. Row, in mathematics. Professor Charles M. Curry, head of the de- partment of literature, Who has spent the year in study at OXfOI'd, England, Will return to I. S. N. in time for the summer term. Domestic science work is now being carried on in Room 18 0f the main building. A sub- stantial equipment has been installed for the beginning, and Without doubt the work Will soon outgrow its quarters. 0, many a shaft, at random sent, Finds mark, the archer little meant! And many a word at random spoken May soothe, 0r wound, a heart thatis broken! eSoott; The Loml 0f the Isles. 00mm V, ' ' Stanza 18. 184 THE NORMAL ADVANCE ATHLETICS BASEBALL. With the opening of the spring term the at- tention 0f the athletic ttworldl7 at I. S. N. has reverted once more to baseball. Last year, with a new athletic field and a strong team, we did great things on the Normal diamond, and the question that is naturally foremost on the mind of every student here is, ttWhat are we going to do this year? Will we keep up the reputation we established last year and carry off undisputed this time the secondary Cham- pionship W Let us hope that we tidot the other team every time, and that J une will write the answer ttYes,, in emblazoned characters to the latter query. Here is a sketch of our material for the season. A number of good men responded to the call to practice the lirst week and as the days go by these are being added to by other hardy ma- terial from various parts of our Hoosier state. Some of the old boys-the veterans of last years teameare with us again. They are York, receiver; Bird, third base; Wilson, right field, and Brown, center iield. The boy Brown has developed in his rambles about and over the hills of Southern Indiana until he is hardy enough to advance from his old position to first sack, where he promises to be a bright light this season. Moore, the pitcher of the 707 team, and a good man, is back for his old stand again and looks as if he had stored up some extra speed by his long rest. Mitchell itlooks good? and seems to fit ,most anywhere. Other . material is showing up good form, and there is no reason why we should not go in t0 the sea- son to W-I-N. Manager Shanner is a hustler and is hard at work with the team in practice battles. He has secured the services of tiCyll Alberts, 0f the Terre Haute itTotsl, as the coach, and this is an added strength for our boys. Mr. Padget, the terror of all the teams of Southern Indiana during last season, will be on the mound of the blue and white nine before this edition is out for its readers. He is; only a high school boy, but watch him! He has something in store for us! Shanner has been busy writing for games, as well as keeping an eye on players, and here is the schedule to date: April 19eRose Poly at Rose Campus. April 13 and 14+Terre Haute Central League. a . April 22-Charleston Normal at Charleston. April 28eHanover at Parsons Field. May 5wR. P. I. at Parsons Field. . May 14-Moores Hill at Parsons Field. May QOeHanover at Hanover. May leMoores Hill at Moores Hill. May 26eIllinois University at Normal. J une QeEarlham at Parsons Field. J une 7eEarlham at Richmond. Two other games have been scheduled, but the dates have not yet been agreed upon. PARSONS Fl E LD. Mr. Wilson, as itkeeperfl has the park in training now and is busily engaged getting things ship-shape. The field is in good condi- tion this year and the tennis courts will soon be open to the players of the school. The entire field is undergoing a changeenot of quality but of position. Last year the grandstands were on the eastern side and the sun made it very uncomfortable for the fans throughout the entire game. This year the grandstands are on the western side and this position will assure much more comfort to the visitors and student body. The diamond is also being changed ac- cording to the same general plan so that the pitcher instead of facing northeast, as hereto- fore, will face the northwest this season. The diamond will be 0. K. this season under Wil- sonls care. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 185 Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. Y. M. 0. A. The first meeting of the term was a marked success. Many of the new men were present, and it is the hope of the Y. M. C. A. that more of the new fellows will find it convenient to attend the meetings of the association this term. The first meeting of the term was led by Mr. Parker, who delivered a very interesting lee- ture. The meeting of April 11 was led by Mr. Bax- ter, who gave one of his Characteristic talks which was appreciated by all present. The Y. M. C. A. already has several Bible classes organized and it is hoped that all the fellows will find time to do some work in these classes. The program of meetings for the spring term is as follows: , April 18 ...................... J oint meeting April 25 ......................... Mr. Kelso May 2 ........................ Mr. Charman May 9 ........................ Mr. Bogardus May 16 ....................... J oint meeting May 23 ....................... Rev. Talmage May 30 ................. Lake Geneva Report June 6 ............................ Mr. Bean J une 13 .................. - ..... J oint meeting , Y.W.0.A. Miss Georgia Lewis, the industrial secretary of the City Young Womenls Christian Associ- ation, gave a very interesting talk to the girls of the school association on April 4. It is hoped a large number of the girls of the school will attend these meetings. Miss Butler, one of the National Secretaries , 0f the Y. W. C. A.,'als0 a sister of President Butler of Columbia University, Visited the Normal Y. W. C. A., April 10-11. She gave a very interesting talk at the regular Y. W. C. A. meeting. The ofiieers 0f the cabinet of the Young W0- menls Christian Association are as follows: President .................... Minna Wissing Vice-President ................. Myrtle Scott Treasurer .................... Mae Brooking Corresponding Secretary ....... Ella Morford Inter-Collegiate ......... ' ...... Florence Peck Mission Study ............. Blanche Rinehart Bible Study ................... Etta Walters Religious Meetings .......... Anna Orebaugh Social ........................ Nellie Mahley Calling ...................... Edna Newman Membership ................... Myrtle Scott The National Biennial convention of the Y. W. C. A. is to be held in Indianapolis, April 19-24. A special program has been arranged for the students of the State on Friday and Saturday. Some very eminent and noted speak- ers will speak at this convention. i The great law of culture is: let each become all that he was created capable of being; ex- panel7 if possible, to his full growth; resisting all impediments, casting off all foreign, especi- ally all noxious adhesions; and show himself at length in his own shape and stature, be these what they may. All genuine things are what they ought to be. eCarlyle. 186 THE NORMAL ADVANCE THE CLASSES COLLEGE 00 URSE. The College Course students held their eleee tion of officers on XVednesday, April 12, for the spring term. They were as follows: President ........................ Mr. Byers Vice-President .................. Miss Bader Secretary ...................... Miss Rucker Treasurer .................... Mr. Thompson Class Editor .................... Miss Walter Class Artist ...................... Miss Cline Athletic Manager ................ Mr. Nugent Mr. Row was retained as the representative to the Oratorical League and to the Advance Board. The College Course party! Those who at- tended it do not have to be told about all the fun and laughter and delicious eats. The mem- ories of that ttspecial registrzition,, are so pleas- ant that we cannot help talking about it, es- pecially since it will make those who did not attend wish that they did. It would have been difficult to tell, at that party, which were the Normal students and which the professors, for dignity was thrown to the winds. The association rooms were decorated with posters and rules of Good Time College, the mildest of the rules being, g6Dontt study if you can bluff?7 Every student was permitted to take four subjects, but only one recitation a day in each subject was allowed, to the great and everlasting sorrow of the students. The courses oifered were history, mathematics, chemistry, zoology, languages, and Icelandic geography. One ate dates in history, cracked, and incidentally, ate nuts in mathematics. Strange animals, whose maker had fashioned them of pastry, were dissected in the zoology laboratory. In the chemistry department, the students were required to taste the various pois- t onous liquids in the beakers. And the lan-t! guages! How the students pleaded for two reci-h tations a day, and how the committee on Special Work sternly said that one slice of tongue was enough for a Normal student. One of the most interesting events in connection with this de- partment was watching a certain professor test his ability in seeing how many tongues he could master. The course in Icelandic geography was very interesting, especially as it was ac- companied by a general course in cakes and candy. The College Course party, in all, was a most original, jolly affair. The real college registration last week was made decidedly dull and uninteresting in comparison. SENIORS. The Senior class held its election of officers for the spring term, April 5, in Room 27. The following oflicers were elected: President ................ William E. Tennellt Vice-President .................... Mr. Corn Secretary ..................... Louise Peters Treasurer .................. J asper W. Curry Class Artist .................. Mae Brooking Class Editor ................. Minna'Wissing Athletic Captain .............. Victor Asbury Yell Master ..................... Mr. Pfingst The last joint meeting of the Seniors and Sophomores was held in the Association rooms March 17. The Juniors were invited to be present. The following program was givenr Piano Duet. .The Misses Carr and Broadhurst Reading ........................ Miss Veatch Piano Solo ..................... Miss Harper Vocal Solo ...................... Miss Peters Piano Duet. . . .The Misses Edson and Starrine Reading ....................... Miss Pocock Vocal Solo ................. Mr. Youngblood After the business of the meeting was over, a two-course luncheon was served. The re- mainder of the evening was spent in a social good time. THE NORMAL ADVANCE Miss Kate V. Black and Mr. Elmer A. Row, both members of the class of 1911, are assisting in the Normal. Miss Black is teaching gram- mar and reading. Mr. Row teaches arithmetic. 187 The Misses Morford, Scott, and Browne, and the Messrs. Shanner and Piingst are taking charge of the various method classes during the illness of Mrs. Wagner. Oratorical and Literary Organizations ALETHENAI. The Alethenai Society has been unusually active and enthusiastic this year and with the reinforcements from returning members expect to round out what has been a very pleasant and profitable year. On March 17, the Ciceronian Debating So- ciety Visited the Alethenai. An interesting and instructive program was presented. ttThe Modern Drama? was discussed by Miss Woody, i6Sarah Bernhardt,, by Miss Hartman, iiChris- tian Science7, by Miss Forbes, and ctWoman Suffragei, by Miss McCorkle. The program was varied by readings and music. Owing to the fact that so many of the mem- bers of the society were seniors and consequent- ly bowed down with the ccwoes of seniordomf, the society was obliged to postpone, indefinitely the banquet that was planned for last term. The society met, April 1, and elected the fol- lowing ofIicers: President .................... Miss McCorkle Vice-President .................. Miss Woody Secretary ..................... Miss Hartman Treasurer ............. Miss Catherine Kehrer Editor ........................... Miss Cole Critic .......................... Miss Parker The Misses Beivia Cuzzart, Etta Walter, Clara Applegate, and Emma Ingling have been welcomed back from a successful years teach- mg. OIOEBONIAN. The Ciceronian Debating Society is still cchammering away? Much good and instruc- tive work is being done. The society was given the pleasure of attend- ing a meeting of the Alethenai Literary Society March 17. The privilege was very much ap- preciated by the society. Two new members have been added to the so- ciety this term, Mr. Clogston and Mr. Flinder- burg. Mr. Funderburg has been a member of the society before. He was one of the charter members, and was one of the members who put the society on the firm basis it enjoys today. Mr. Clogston is interested in debating work, and we consider him a strong addition to the society. Mr. VVinkler, who graduated from Normal last year, and who has been teaching at Green- field, will be in school in a few days. Mr. Cain, who graduated here last year, and who has been attending school at Michigan University this year, visited us Tuesday. He was on' his way home to spend his spring vaca- tion of a few days. a Preparations are now being made for the annual Cieeronian banquet to be held at the Terre Haute House, Saturday evening, J une 10. DAEDALIAN. The Daedalian Literary Society is pleased to receive back into its number several of the old members who have returned to I. S. N. this term. We are expecting a most enjoyable termis work. The debates that have been held so far have been full of interest. The part taken by the returning members showed that their ab- sence has not been detrimental to their ability in literary work. We are anxious that this shall be one of the greatest ternfs work in the his- tory of the society. 188 THE NORMAL ADVANCE M THE FORUM. The Forum held a smoker Wednesday even- ing, April 12, at the rooms of Clem Thompson and M. B. Nugent, 613 Mulberry street7 in honor of the returning members, Alfred Senior, and J ames Mackell. Those present were J . W. Curry, Earl Asher, Carl Scudder, Ray J ared, Clyde Hillis, Ed GiHord, Victor Asbury, Her- bert Mahan, Albert McCormick, Alfred Senior, and J ames Mackell. . Prof. W. O. Lynch acted as critic at the Forum meeting, March 18. The question of the disarmament 0f the world powers was discuss- ed. Mr. Lynch not only gave excellent sugges- tions to the speakers and the society in general, but added many points of interest concerning the question under discussion. The Forum elected officers for the spring term at their meeting April 1. James F. Mackell and Alfred Senior; who were elected members of the Forum during the summer of 1910, are in school and have resum- ed active membership. Roy B. Julian and J. A. Wood, graduate members, will enter Normal as soon as their terms of school close. Z. Merrill Smith, superintendent of the Mon- rovia schools, was visiting Normal friends, April 6-8. SOCIETY ATHLETA. Miss Hattie Cutshall of Brazil was hostess for a dinner dance Saturday evening, March 18, having as guests the members of the Athleta Sorority 0f the N ormal Sehool and their friends. The sorority girls left Terre Haute at 5 oiclock Saturday afternoon and were met by automobiles and conveyed to the country home of Miss Cutshall. At 6 0,clock a Iive-course turkey dinner was served. In the center of the table7 resting on a re- flector, was a cut-glass vase lilled with carna- tions and encircling this were numerous small vases lilled with spring fiowers. Individual candlesticks arranged on the table and about the room, bearing lighted tapers, furnished the illumination of the room. The place cards were hand painted cards of unique designs. Carna- tions were given as favors. Streamers and pen- nants 0f the sorority colors were in evidence in the dining room and other parts of the home. Covers were laid for Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe Hyde, J . H. Baxter, Miss Bertha Charlotte Schweitzer, Miss Carrie Freeman, Dr. F ree- man, Misses Marie Rucker, Jessie Andrews, Louise Wilson, Letha Peterson, Edith Brunker, Nina Davidson, Ida Irminger, Albert Harstein, Gertrude Lewis, Edith Samuels, Elmira Champe, Mae Bowsher, Jessie Boston, Estelle Doershuck, Nancy Bell, Lora Saupert, Messrs. Clem Jones, Don Hubbard, Lawrence Pierce, Clem Thompson, Leonard Mace, Louis Petzold, Herbert Mahan, Earl Hughes, Arthur Jones, Paul Crawley, Arthur Shores, Burton Birchat, Howard Kord, Paul Brill, Herbert Freeze, and J oseph Hayes. After the dinner the dance was given at the Masonic Temple. : The dancing ceased at 12 0,0100k and Miss Cutshall entertained her sorority sisters with a slumber party. The return to Terre Haute was made Sunday afternoon. The Athleta' Sorority was delightfully enter- tained with a' two-course luncheon at the home ,, of Miss Mae Bowsher in Collett Park Place, Monday evening, April 11. A most enjoyable evening was spent in dancing. She had as her guests the sorority members and the Misses Schlosser, Abbott, Brown, Weaver, Freeman, and Connerly. a On Tuesday evening, March 20, Miss Alberta Harstine entertained the Athleta Sorority at a winter picnic. The affair was given in honor THE NORMAL ADVANCE of Misses Elmira Champe and Edith Samuels, Who 'did not return to school this term. The evening was spent in games and dancing. Those present were: Jessie Andrews, Edna Fisher, Hattie Cutshall, Marie Rucker, Edith Samuels, Nina Davidson, Elmira Champe, Flora Sau- pert, Edith Brunker, Gertrude Lewis, Alberta H'arstine, Letha Peterson, Elizabeth Kadel, Louise Wilson, Stella Doerschuk, and Mae Bowsher. i Miss Marie Rucker delightfully entertained the members of the Athleta Sorority at her home on Ohio street, April 6. The affair was in the nature of a spread. The evening was spent socially. The members present were the Misses Brunker, Rucker, Davidson, Andrews, Cutshall, Samuels, Kadel, Doerschuk, Saupert, Fisher, Lewis, Wilson, Peterson, and Harstine. They had as their guests the Misses Van Nyce, Connelly, Schlosser, Weaver, Brown, and Ab- bott. ' LLAMABADA, The present active members of the Llamar- ada Sorority of the Normal were hostesses for a St. Patricks Day party, Friday evening, March 17, at the hoine of Miss Margaret Lahey, 215 South Thirteenth street. The house was gaily decorated throughout with ferns, green and white streamers, and innumerable pen- nants. The dining room was especially attrac- tive. In the center of the table was a miniature representation of Lake Killarney, on which floated a green heat bearing a large golden harp. A large green and white bell was sus- pended over the center of the table. The room was lighted With green tapers. Mrs. Hyde directed the games, which were amusing as well as appropriate, and prizes were won by Prof. Hyde and Miss Lahey. An oyster supper was served. The favors were green hats and gilt harps filled with dainty confections. The members present were the Misses Haziel Woolen, Mercedes Penna, Rozina Baecher7 Anne Forbes, Orpha Cole, Margaret Lahey, 1,89 Marguerite Swengel, Gertrude McComb, and Mrs. Hyde. The guests were the Messrs. Modesitt, J ohn- son, Weaver, Curry, Wynne, Kadel, Reinhard, Asbury, and Professor Hyde. Several former Llamaradas have returned for the spring term. The girls enjoyed a theatre party, Saturday afternoon, April 1. Afterward luncheon was served at The Rose. Saturday evening, April 8, Miss Rozina Baecher entertained the Llamarada Sorority with a chafing dish partgr, after which the girls attended the reception at Normal Hall. MYOSOTIS-EPSILON DELTA. The Myosotis and Epsilon Delta chapters of the League entertained the members of the faculty and their wives, and the women of the school with a tea7 Friday afternoon, March 10. The following musical program was carried out in the chapel: ' Salut AiPesth .................. H. Kmvalski Gladys Kabrich. Mattinate ............................ Tosti Edna Schmidt. tiAusschwungii ................... Schumann ttThe Rustle of Springit .............. Sinding Gertrude Maison. ttCouid P7 ............................ Tostz' iiThe Rose in The Gardenii ......... N ez'dlinger Edna Schmidt. Gavotte and Musette ............... DiAZbevr't Gertrude Maison. ttCome Sweet Morningh ................ E Zkin Edna Schmidt. Novelette in E Major ............. Schumann Gertrude Maison. After the program, the guests were invited to the Association rooms, which were artistic- ally decorated with pennants and with green and white ribbons. Mrs. Edwin M. Bruce and Mrs. William A. McBeth poured the tea. The table was ornamented with a vase of white carnations, resting on a centerpiece of ferns7 190 and was lighted by white candles in silver sticks. The green mints and the tiny green silk flags, which were given as favors, as well as the dec- orations throughout the rooms, carried out the St. Patrick idea. ill U ZETA. The Mu Zetas enjoyed a delightful St. Pat- rick,s party at the home of Henrietta Way, Saturday afternoon, March 18. The feature of the day was making the acquaintance of Mr. and Mrs. Tim OtFlarety, an interesting couple just recently arrived from the ttOuld Country? Several contests, appropriate to the day, had been arranged and the girls displayed their usual ability in answering the questions con- cerning the time honored St. Patrick. Dainty refreshments were served. After enjoying some music by the different members, the girls de- parted feeling that this had been one of the most pleasant occasions of the term. On the evening of Saturday, April 1, the Mu Zetas, with their guests, enjoyed an hour at the Lyric, followed by lunch at the Rose Pharmacy. The girls were entertained Wednesday, April 5, at the home of Helen Smick on South Fourth street. The evening was spent in games and music and in doing ample justice to the spread which had been prepared. Saturday evening, April 8, the girls spent the evening at an ccanimal party? at the home of Minnie Hoebberg. Several interesting con- tests and games had been arranged, each carry- ing out the idea of some animal to be repre- sented. One Mu Zeta from last term, Lelah Beach, haenot returned for the spring. The new Mu Zeta pledges are: Gladys Tilly, Leone Kenton, and Elizabeth Standiford. THE NORMAL ADVANCE PSI THETAS. The Psi Thetas held a farewell meeting for the winter term with Miss Abigail MeMahain, at 517 N orth Sixth street, Saturday, March 18. All the members attended the meeting. The afternoon was spent in needlework. Later a delicious hot lunch was served by the hostess. The spring term has been entered by the chapter with a membership of thirteen. Those who returned are the Misses Ella Morford, Elsie Crull, Louise Peters, Emma Lienhart, Nell Flesher, Ella Englis, Faun McKamey, Carrie Seever, Ethel Hyde7 Erba Hinckson, Vall Patton, Mabel Brown7 and Edna Newman. Misses Blanche J ohnson, Madge O7Haver, Estelle Spitz, Alice Cook and Abigail Mc- Mahan are not attending school this term. The Psi Thetas entertained with a 6 dclock dinner at the City Y. W. C. A., Saturday night. The guests of the Chapter were the Misses Helms, F0rce,iWeaver, Slusser, Mygrant, Mc- Clure, Walter, Tillman, F oster, Madden, and Poland. Fifteen members of the chapter are happy in the possession of new Psi Theta pins. PI ZETA. Helen Helt spentthe spring vacation at her home in'Clinton, Ind. Georgia Cole also took advantage of the few days of vacation to visit her mother at English, Ind. Nell Broadhurst took a short reprieve to visit her parents at West Union, Ill. Mae Brooking greeted friends in Bedford, Ind., during vacation. The Pi Zeta girls met for their first meeting on Monday7 April 10. Matters of business were taken up and plans for the spring term were discussed. Four new members were voted into the sorority and will be given the first de- gree of initiation in the near future. Elise 0,0011nel, Louise Smith and Pauline Clark have returned to resume their work in the Normal. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 191 LOCAL and ALUMNI Leah McCormick Visited her brother, Albert McCormick, April 8 and 9. Georgia Cole spent her vacation at her home in English, Ind. Elsie O7C0nne1 and Louise Smith of Bedford have returned for the spring term. Merrill Smith, 10, Visited friends and at- tended the Y. W. and Y. M. C. A. reception, April 7. Blanche Elliott, 710, was Visiting at Normal at the opening of the spring term. J ames Everett, i09, is in school doing post- graduate work. J ames Mackell, who has been teaching at Washington, Ind, has re-entered school. J 0y Muchmore will return to school in a few weeks. Elmira Champe has returned to her home at Red Key. Miss Champe will not be in school this term. Louise Gillum has gone abroad. She sailed Saturday, April 8. Nelle Broadhurst returned to her home at West Union, 111., for vacation. Eva Davis and Mamie Meyer Visited Lydia Grabbe, April 1., John Baumaunk Visited I. April 8. Eliza Clarke, 901, was here Visiting her sister, Nelle Clarke, April 5 t0 8. Ethel Hughes, ,10, who is teaching at Ander- son, Visited friends in Terre Haute, April 4 to 7. S. N., Saturday, Pauline Clark of Clinton, is in school again. 7 Katherine Metcalf of Princeton, re-entered Normal April 1. Alfred Senour 0f Brookville, has returned for the spring term. Edith Olin Visited Terre Haute friends April 5 t0 8. Mr. Otto Wilson Visited Indiana State Nor- mal school recently. Mr. John Moreland Visited the Literary Society, recently Mr. D. R. Henry was a recent Visitor at Nor- mal. Mr. Waldo Mitchell has returned for the spring term. Clarence Crawford, who is now teaching at Clay City, was here, April 7. Mr. Ernest Sink was with us April 6 and 7. He is teaching at Anderson. Miss Marjory VVeyl, who teaches German in the Noblesville High School, Visited her sister, who is teaching in the Normal High School. Miss Laura Lynch, who is teaching at In- dianapolis, Visited friends at I. S. N., March 4. Mr. G. W. Youngblood Visited his brother in Normal, March 29 and 30. Misses Marie and Amelia Peters visited their sister, Louise, April 7 , 8 and 9. Miss Amelia Peters teaches at Muncie. A picture of the Indiana State Normal School was taken in front of the building, April 12. Whirl. H. Cain, 510, passed throt Terre Haute, April 10, en route to his home at Sandborn for the spring vacation. Mr. Raleigh Schoeling, 709, a senior at Uni- versity of Michigan, has been elected to the Phi Beta Kappa scholarship fraternity. Mr. Clifford Funderburg is in school this term. Daedalian Books always fall open where most often read.eRostcmdis 4tlfAz'glonW 192 THE NORMAL ADVANCE EXCHANGES The professor of law was quizzing his class. Singling out a somnolent student in the rear of the room, he addressed a question to him. Confhsed, the student rose, bent his ear to catch the stage Whisper of his friends seated about him. tiWell, you ought to be able to anewer? snapped the professor, hwith all the aid you are receiving back there W tiProfessorf, came the quick reply, q could, but therehs a difference of opinion back herefi The late Ezekiel Hum ventured abroad some years before his decease, and the first thing after landing on foreign shore got his love of country so wounded that he never indulged in travel afterwards. He prided himself on his origin, and in registering his name on his ar- rival abroad intended to make something of a spread. Accordingly he wrote thus, ccEzekiel Hum, America? The polite and gentlemenly clerk seized the pen after him, and, bending over the book as if to complete the entry, in- quired, iiWhat tribeW When Uncle Ezekiel had recovered enough to answer he replied With much dignity, iiNo tribe, sir, but of English origin from North America? ggBeg pardon, Canadaw ttNo W ttAh! perhaps Nova Scotiaw iiNo, sir! I am from the United States Of America? c10h, very good. Thank you. Yan- keei, Teacher tin EnglishtettWhy does the poet call the Mississippi the most eloquent 0f riversW, ' Pupil-JiBecause it has a dozen mouths? IF IT,S USED IN THE NORMAL You Can Get It At the ORBIEL SUPPLY 00., 112-114 NORTH SIXTH STREET South of the Normal School on the OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE STREET The One Book Store for the Normal Student. We also have the largest stock of NORMAL PENNANTS, PIL- LOWS and SCHOOL PINS in the state and our prices are the lowest ALWAYS WELCOME HIDUMV'A CmTATF NHWMHJ LIBRARY THE. NQRMAL ADVANCE VOLUME XVI. TERRE HAUTE, IND, MAY, 1911. NUMBER 8. jaatiunal monuments: Count not the cost of honour to the dead! The tribute that a mighty nation pays To those Who loved her well in former days Means more than gratitude for glories lied; For every noble man that she hath bred, Lives in the bronze and marble that we raise, Immortalized by art,s immortal praise, T0 lead our sons as he our fathers led. These monuments of manhood strong and high Do more than forts 0r battleships to keep Our dear bought liberty. They fortify The heart of youth with valor Wise and deep; They build enternal bulwarks, and command Eternal strength to guard our native land. eHemey Van Dyke. 194 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Canadian Reciprocity; A Menace to Our Prosperity FAY WINFIELD CULLINS, i08, Greentown, Indiana Up to the time when President Taftls mess- age informed Congress that he had entered into a trade agreement with Canada, the House of Representatives;where all bills raising revenue must originate under the Constitutioneknew nothing about it. In fact some of our most prominent legislators have declared that no member of Congress was consulted as toit or its terms. Two days after the message; on J an. 28th, the bill was introduced in the House. On J an. 3lst it was unanimously adopted at a caucus 0f the Democrats of the House. After less than a week of hearings before the Ways and Means committee the bill was forced to a vote. Amendments submitted by the adminis- tration were adopted, all others were denied consideration and the bill was reported to the House the same day. By the terms of the bill four general classes are affected: '1. Leading food and agricultural products7 rough lumber, some raw materials and printing paper. These are put on the free list. 2. Secondary food products such as fresh . and canned meats, flour; and partly manufac- tured food products upon 'which rates are re- duced and made identical. 3. Manufactured commodities such as motor vehicles, cutlery, and machinery, and miscel- laneous articles on which rates are mutually re- duced. 4:. A list of articles on which special rates are given by each country. Canada reduces the duty on coal and cement, and the United States reduces the duty on iron ore and aluminum products. ' This bill was thrust upon Congress to be voted upon without sufficient deliberation. From J an. 28th until March 4th Congress hardly had time to properly consider the ap- propriation bills, the tariff commission, the ad- mission of Arizona and New Mexico, the popu- lar election of Senators and to dispose of the Lorimer case. ,Nevertheless President Taft laid down the threat that unless the reciprocity measure was ratified he would call Congress in extra session. Why he couldnlt wait until thevregular session next winter I do not pre- 'sume to explain unless it was because he didnit care to give the nation time to delve into the depth of the proposed treaty. As we all know he made his threat good; Congress met on April 4th. The Democrats in control in the House seem determined to railroad the treaty through, together with a farmers free list bill which is merely a sop framed to try to ap- pease the wrath of the farmers at the injustice that is threatened. What the Senate will do is admitted by both friends and opponents of the treaty to be a matter of conjecture. At the first announcements in the newspapers I was heartily in favor of the agreement, be- ing swayed by the unanimity with which our journalists approved it. But after careful and exhaustive study I have concluded that if it is ratified it will work Vicious effects upon our economic life. Perhaps I may be biased, al- though I have read all the hearings before the Ways and Means and Finance committees, have examined much other data and began with the opinion that the agreement was a good thing. To me there are four main reasons why it should not be ratified. I. Itis provisions are unfair. Notice! On the free list are: Live animals, poultry, wheat, rye, barley, corn, hay, cowpeas, vegetables, fresh or dried fruits, dairy products, eggs, honey, seeds of all kinds, hsh, salt, mineral waters, timber and undressed lumber, mica, feldspar, cream separators, and. fencing wire. THE NORMAL ADVANCE Here is a list with the tariff: Fresh meat, 114 cents per lb. Bacon and hams, 114 cents per lb. Meats of all kinds that has been dried, smok- ed, salted or preserved in any other way, 114 cents per lb. Lard and compounds thereof, 114 cents per lb. Canned fish, average 4 cents per lb. Canned fruit and vegetables, 114 cents per lb. Flour7 50 cents per bbl. of 196 lbs. Oatmeal and rolled oats, 50 cents per 100 lbs. Cornineal, 121k cents per 100 lbs. Barley malt, 45 cents per 100 lbs. Prepared cereal foods not otherwise provid- ed for, 17V2 per cent ad valorein. Bran, middlings and other offals of grain used for animal food, 1215 cents per 100 lbs. Bakery and confectionery products, from 25 to 32942 per cent ad valorem. Farm wagons, 223$ per cent ad valorem. Tools and machinery, 15 per cent ad valorem. Shingles, 30 cents per M. Sawed and dressed lumber, 50 cents to $1150 per M., vary according to amount of dressing. Other manufactured articles, from 1715 to 37V2 per cent ad valorem. Thus the American farmer is deprived of any protection on what he produces since Canada is the only country that can underbid him in our home market, while nearly all the tariff is retained on farm produce which has been pre- pared for consumption. Consequently, the manufacturers and middle men get that tariif as a royalty. This reciprocity frame-up pro- vided for free cattle and hogs, but 114 cents 2967' pound on meat, fresh, packed, smoked, salt- ed4-it must not be able to walk or breathe. It must go through the hands of our packers else pay the penalty of 114 cents per pound. Take wheat, it is on the free list, but what about flour? Is it on the free list, too? No! 50 cents per barrel, if you please. We produce food products in the raw state, we produce them pre- pared for consumption4if we protect one we 195 should protect the other. On its face the so- called reciprocity measure is grossly unfair. II. If ratified this measure will not lower the cost of living. Now such a statement is contrary to the opinions of a great body 01 : our people. Glaneing at the two lists quoted above it seems to me there is but one commodity that will become cheaper to the consumer, and that is lumber. Whereas the general tariH on him- ber is $2 per M., yet under this bill if we im- port from Canada we must pay from 50 cents to $1.50 per M. However, letls turn to our old friends, live stock and wheat. Our millions of consumers looked at free cattle, free hogs, free wheat, their eyes bugged, they gave a sigh of relief for now they could have cheaper bread and meat. But as it happens our people are not in the habit of eating cattle and hogs alive nor do they eat wheat in the grain4their teeth have become too much civilized. Our millers and. packers can procure the raw materials free of duty, yet when the preparation is ready for the consumer they must have a royalty of 50 cents per barrel or 114 cents per pound. In the past two months live stock prices have been hard hit by this threatening treaty, yet city people tell me they are paying the same price for meat that they paid in J anuary. Wheat has fallen 14 cents per bushel since J anuary 1st, yet flour is higher! The finish-product and the raw material out of which it is made do not always keep pace by any means. Dur- ing the deliberations in the Senate, Senator Mc- Cumber submitted statistics for the past five years, showing the average price of fiour on each side of the boundary line, and if flour had been on the free list we would have had bread 137 of a cent cheaper a loaf. I suppose then that if even fiour were on the free list in this bill we could buy bread for 4 36-37 cents per loaf. Since such fractions are inconvenient in retail trade it is safe to predict that the bakers would go ahead getting live cents a loaf. But we forget that not many bakers grind their own flour, hence they are at the mercy 196 THE NORMAL ADVANCE of the millers who would shove the 1-37 of a cent a loaf down into their own pockets, praising reciprocity with a gracious smile. This is the relief to the bread and meat eater which our goodenatured, golf-loving President has had the good humor and grace to advocate. It is just another step in helping the manufac- turers and middle men get cheaper raw mater- ials, yet Charge as much for the finished pro- duct. 111. As a business proposition it is inde- fensible. Almost exactly such an arrangement existed'from 1854 to 1866. In 1854: we had a flourishing trade with Canada, but no sooner had that agreement gone into elfect than our trade began to dwindle, and in a few years the balance was against us. In 1866 the coun- try rejoiced when the old-trade relations were resumed. The unprogressive character of the Canadian export trade to the United States is shown by the fact that while in 1866 it amount- ed to $44,000,000, last year it amounted to about $88,000,000. During the saine time our export trade to Canada jumped from $28,800,- 000 in 1866 t0$223,500,000 in 1910. Thus the bal- ance of trade has grown and is still greatly in our favor under the general tariff. However, let us take another View Of this business propo- sition. During the past few years many of our farmers, attracted by cheap land and a Virgin soil, have emigrated to the Canadian north- west. Our census bureau tells us that last year more than 400,000 of them went. There they can secure the best farm land for from $5 to $10 per acre. There, according to the report of the Department Of Commerce and Labor, they can hire farm labor at 25 per cent less cost than in this country. There all they have to do is open the furrow and sow the seed, while on our high priced American soil we must grow clover and use commercial fertilizers. There they can buy their clothing, their farm wagons, their plows, their reapers, their threshing ma- chines from Europe almost free of duty, While the American farmer must pay a duty of 45 per cent or 50 per cent on what he works with or what he wears. No wonder that men and money are in a wild race to the Canadian northwest, for there, with their cheap land, Cheap labor, and cheap machinery, they can raise their crops, pay the existing tariff and then sell on our market at a profit. Once the tariff bars are thrown down we will buy a big per cent of farm produce from Canada, as a result the Canadians will drain much money out of the country. Stimulated by high prices on agricultural products there has set in a strong back-tO-the-country movement. Why not encourage it? Our authorities on agricul- ture tell us that our land is not producing from one-fourth t0 one-sixth of what, 'by scientific handling, it can be made to produce. Encour- age our young men to leave the forge, to quit the shop for the American farm; buy of him his produce, pay him the money, keep it at home, donlt pay it to the Canadian who will spend it where it will do none of our people any good. IV. It is not in reality a reciprocity treaty and is-not in accordance with our policy of protection. President McKinley in his 1897 inaugural address, defined reciprocity: MReci- procity is the opening up of new markets for the products of our country by granting con- cessions t0 the products of other lands that we need and cannot produce ourselves and which do not involve any loss of labor to our own peo- ple, but tend to increase their employment? This proposition involves the granting of concessions to the products of Canada which we do not need and which we can pmduce our- selves and which involves a loss of labor to 0m farmers. When correctly understood the prin- ciple of reciprocity is axiomatic. Brazil grows coffee, but makes no machinery. We make ma- chinery but grow n0 coffee. She needs the fabrics of our factories and forges, we need the fruits of her tropical climate. We agree to admit her coffee free, she agrees to admit our fabrics freeethat is true reciprocity as de- fined by our most eminent statesmen. This pending agreement is nothing more nor less THE than a free trade concession on raw materials, while we get comparatively nothing in return. In February of 1903 Hon. John Charlton, one of Canadals foremost statesmen, made a speech in the Canadian parliament during the course of which he said: ttThe American policy has been applied not only to us but to all the world. The object of the United States has been to sell all that it possibly could of the products of its soil, its mills and its workshops, and to buy just as little as it could from other countries, and thus having as much of the balance of trade in its own favor as possible. The result has been that the balance of trade in favor of the United States last year amounted to $600,000,- 000 against the whole VVOFldgr$71,000,000 against Canada. That is a good thing for the United States and will be her policy as long as the rest of the world will permit her to do it, but it is not a good thing for us? Mr. Charltonls words are as true now as they were then. Our policy has been to sell as much and buy as little as possible abroad. This bill would cause us to buy much more of our food- stuffs of Canada, hence it is not consistent with our protective policy. Every tariff law for the last fifty years has recognized the farmers right to protection equally with any other class. Now notice another part of Mr. Charltonls fa- mous 1903 speecheit is so prophetic that I must repeat it here: cSomething must be done to change the trade relations between Canada and the United States. Free trade in natural products would afford a reasonable adjustment. Nothing short of this will do it, and this condition of free trade in natural products must be granted by the United States without a solitary conces- sion from Canada farther than it has made. We cannot afford any more? The question arises: Why is this treaty so strongly advocated? My answer to that is merely an opinion. Many enunciate one thing, but inwardly believe the contrary. Let me illustrate. Some of our eminent men and widely NORMAL ADVANCE 197 circulated journals try to tell the farmer that the treaty will not lower the price of grain and stock he raises, yettwith the same breath they cry reciprocity because it will lower the cost of living! Do they think we cannot rea- son for ourselves? Again, our distinguished Secretary of State, Philander C. Knox, some weeks ago at Chicago declared that the treaty would benefit the farmer because barb wire was put on the free list! He must have thought that our farmers do not study our ime port and export trade. The figures will tell you that Canada buys nearly all the barb wire she uses of the United States and that we do not buy enough for her to fence a western ranch; moreover, there are hundreds of barb wire factories in this country, whose product ferrets out nearly every corner of the globe7 while in Canada you could number the towns in which barb wire is made on your fingers. Mr. Knox must have aped Rip Van Winkle while the Russo-Japanese war raged, for American made barb wire was often strung along to protect a battle line and stretched as an outward sentry about fortifications. Mr. Knox is a gifted lawyer, but he needn7t hold out barb wire as bait to the farmer. The truth of the matter is that barb wire was put on the free list as a boon to our manufacturers for there is a great demand for it on the Canadian prairies where it is sufficient to fence in cattle and horses. I think the newspapers and maga- zines generally favor the proposed treaty be- cause wood pulp will come in free, thus they could buy their paper inuch cheaper. The great mass of our people believing that it will lower the cost of living are heartily in favor of it, but a practical test will surely prove the contrary. I believe that President Taft and his cabinet of cunning lawyers hit upon this scheme to strike the chord of popular approval, since the administration had put itself in a bad . hole through the unpopular and extortionate Payne-Aldrich tariff law and the sickening Ballinger squabble. As long as our nation clings to the protective 198 THE NORMAL ADVANCE policy let us protect all our people. Let us buy our food at home; the price may be high to- day, but tomorrow yon will find hundreds of thousands of our young men have left our con- gested cities to make our soil produce what it should. A prosperous country folk will make the neighboring town or city thrive. The vast Canadian prairies can grow their cattle and wheat, but let them sell mostly to Europe; we can then sell in our home market. It is gen- erally admitted that our present tariffs are too high, but let them be lowered all along the line; let us not single out one Class from all the bene- ficiaries 0f tarilf legislation. Whenever the country commits itself to free trade this treaty will be more nearly equitable. Less than two years ago our present tariff law was made. Our president went up and down the country praising it as the best tariff law ever made. Of course our people didnlt swallow this, it is useless to deny that the PayneeAldriCh tariff is even extortionate in some of its provisions. Certainly the country condemns, but it has not as yet condemned the protective policy. Under that law and this policy the farmer receives a little protection. In what respect has the farmers condition changed in these two years or less? How does it come that he is less entitled to protection now than then? Is it worth while to deny that this is an attempt to abandon the policy of pros tection so far as the farmer is concerned? When the Presidentls message was sent to Congress this manifest Sacrifice of American interests was sought to be justified on lofty philanthropic grounds, such as popular de- mand for lower cost of living, closer trade re- lations with a struggling neighbor, his lan- guage was fantastic in spots. Were it to lower the price of necessities t0 the consumer there might be more argument in its favor, but the best way to lower the prices is for hosts of our City folk to scatter out over our broad sunny fields and make them yield abundant harvests. Travelers, geographers, economists, and stu- dents of agriculture marvel at the limitless pos- sibilities of soil and climate with which God has endowed us. Lets keep our thrifty farm- ers at home and encourage others to acquire the thrift to reclaim the desert or drain the swamp or build up by scientific fertilization the worn out or deserted held, and not throw down the bars to the Canadians which will mean not only a drain on our pocketbook, but also upon the strongest and sturdiest men of our Re- public. The high prices for foodstuffs is prov- ing the best antidote for the startling concen- tration of people in our cities; whenever our people are distributed as they should be then prices will become normal. Keep our people at home, keep our money at home; build up a na- tion that will as nearly as possible supply its own wants; make it self-sustaining, self-sufli- Cing. A step in another direction is a menace to our prosperity. O mighty river! strong, eternal will, VVherein the streams of human good and ill Are onward swept, confleeting to the sea, The world is safe because it floats in Thee. eVom Dyke. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 199 A Porto Rican Breakfast PERRY W. KISER To one accustomed to Hoosier menus, and rural ones at that, the transition to the com- plete and well ordered service of an eastern table is a severe ordeal. But when the change involves nationality, the severity of it borders on impossibility. If to this there be added the further factor of difference in latitude, the whole matter becomes so complex as to brook despair, even repugnance. My landing at San Juan was not the begin- ning of my troubles, however, for Spanish though that quaint old city is, the spirit of Americanism had already invaded it, and sev- eral well appointed American restaurants were in operation. If I complained at the exorbitant prices of a Gotham dinner or of the enigmatical bills of fare enroute, I am truly sorry, for here both were combined and neither charity nor patience offered relief. Real American ham and cold storage eggs, minus the garlicky em- - bellishments of the Spanish tables across the street, was the only solace. The real test of endurance or, perhaps I had better say, the problem of existence in this cgRoyal Portef, came with my initiation into the mysteries of tropical culinary possibilities. I arrived in the little town to which I had been assigned and where I was expected to leach out my personality to the itnew7, Americans on Sunday morning prior to the beginning of school. Gossip is a weakness that is universal, so my coming was expected. More than four hundred years before this Ponce de Leon had landed at that very spot, as is evidenced by a bronze shaft duly setting forth the fact as it reiiected the sultry sunshine to every quarter of the Plaza. I could not help having a kindred feeling for that eminent rogue, for, while he had been the very first foreigner to startle the natives in that picturesque isle, and at that- particular place, I was the very last one to do so. The coming of the American teacher was evi- dently a matter of considerable importance, for from every doorway and casement along the filthy narrow street through which I was oblig- ed to pass there appeared wondering eyes and unkempt Visages of every description. I am sure that, if the school census had not already been taken, it could easily have been done then, with less danger of omission than at any other time. Not only did the entire school population seek to do me honor, but even the adults vied with them in this respect. The keeper of the hotel sent his trustiest servants to relieve me of my luggage, while he himself saw to it that I should not lack for comfort in his hostlery. I was given the easiest chair and the coolest corner, having at the same time the advantage of the broadest View from the archway by it. But the crowning effort in my behalf was the breakfast which awaited me. Now, break- fast does occur as late in this land as the use of the term would seem to imply, but it is sim- ply another way of designating dinner. In- deed, one is as much justified in calling it breakfast as luncheon, providing the same thing is meant. Adjoining the court, which is a part of every well arranged building in that land, was the dining room, through which everybody must pass in going from the stairs to the parlor. My attention was attracted, while pass- ing among the chairs and tables in this room, to a poor bleating kid, or baby goat, tied to one of the legs of the table nearest the entrance way. The significance of this was not at first apparent. A conjecture that it might be the plaything of some younger members of my host7s family was soon dispelled, for these 200 proved to consist only of two grown daughters, who certainly had outgrown even dolls. The solution of the mystery came at mealtime, for we had milk for our coffee, at the expense of the little creaturels forenoen meal. So great was my pity for the starved animal that I could not bear to be a party to such high- handed robbery, and I took my eotfee clearee or free from milk, at least. The repast came in courses as many and as varied as could be imagined. The conventional soup headed the list, and, barring the strong evidence of garlic, vzls true to name and toler- ably palatable. This Vas followed by rice and beans, a deeoetion compounded, it seemed to me, exactly as were the doughnuts, remem- branees of my boyhood days. It was served in the topmost of a stack of half a dozen plates, which, after I had eaten all I cared for, was removed from the room. From time to time other Viands were brought in and served, al- ways upon the plate in view, In due course of time all the plates had been used, and the last one removed. If this was a signal that the banquet was at an end, one could not but com- THE NORMAL ADVANCE plement the inventor upon its efficacy. Other devices are less pointed. N0 Spanish feast is complete, however, until eotl'ee has been taken, and, verily, it must be taken, much as if it were a potion against fever. Black, strong, bitter almost to the point of re- pulsion, it vas placed before me. Bread, the first I had seen served, was placed beside the cup, and I began my attack. But I was becom- ing accustomed to defect, and did not Object in ,the least to its beingetaken away, less than half consumed. No less essential is tobacco than meat in a tropical country. Cigars were passed and we from the table. Ordinarily7 such a climax would be deemed unhealthful and other- wise objectionable. But there must be some counteracting influence and this was found in these Vile things. A few puffs caused onels troubles to vanish. At least, this was the notion that prevailed. Personally, I classed them a stage lower than the coffee, and withdrew to my corner, leaving the after breakfast discourse to those who could juggle Spanish intelligently and rhythmically. 211088 We get no good By being ungenerous, even to a book, And calculating profits, so much help By so much reading. It is rather when We gloriously forget ourselves, and. plunge Soul-forvard, headlong, into a booli3s profound, Impassioned for its beauty and salt of truth, 7Tis then we get- the right good from a book. eAurom Leigh. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 201 Current Events as Illustrative Material of History MINNIE E. WEYL History has been writing the story of human life through all the ages. This story, however old, is ever new since mankind has always had similar desires and has acted under similar im- pulses. The results of these actions become a revelation of the life Of the age they represent. We, Viewing these results from a distance and interpreting them in the light of our own eX- perience, will agree with Dr. Hart when he says, CWVe know the past better in some ways than did the men and women of the past who could not see the results of their own actions? As each age has greatly influenced the suc- ceeding one, the reverse is likewise true. Know- ing the past will explain many things of the present. This problem of interpreting history has always been a serious one to the teacher. Many plans and devices have been tried which have greatly aided the solution of the problem. Much has been accomplished in the way of charts, pictures, models and maps which help to Visualize past life, but more will be done in the future. Would it be exaggerating to say that present history will be made real in the coming centuries through the phonograph, the Victrola, and the moving picture machine? Instead of merely reading an account of a battle, the voices of the eomnianders will be heard shouting the order above the noise of guns; the martial notes of the band and regu- lar beat of the drum will be sounded through the air; and the movements of the battle will be presented to the eye. Surely these aids will make history real. Even so, the stirring events of the glorious past cannot be thus portrayed. Each new cen- tury must of necessity become the past7s inter- preter according as the two ages may be re- lated. Current events 01' present life as illus- trative material for the teaching of history be- comes a most useful and ever ready device. There are few historical events of importance which do not touch upon some phase of present lifeApolitical, social, religious and indus- trial. The resourceful teacher will iind the events of today useful as a means of creating and increasing interest; of explaining an in- tricate Situation; of making the past, present .and therefore real; of showing the continuity of history. To many students of the high school or even higher institutions, history is a difiicult subject and one which seems to be of little value in their Iife7s work. They enter the history class because the work is required or their program cannot be otherwise arranged. Happy is the student who finds himself forced to change his idea of the subject; whose instructor has seized every opportunity for making the work full of life. Everyone is interested in the life with which he daily comes in contact. Applying this pres- ent life to that of the past must throw new light upon the subject and create new interest. For example. All have Vivid recollections of our Fourth of July celebrations. VVhethei' they are memories of a picnic or the exciting display of fireworks in which many are hurt and destruction of property follows, the whole event is very clearly remembered. When these expressions of the American spirit are com- bined with the significance of the event, the freedom and independence of a nation, and re- lated to a similar event on a July day of 1789 in France, the fall of the Bastile becomes an event in history full of life and significance. As we rose to demand our rights and to obtain freedom from an oppressor, as we celebrate the day as :1 national holiday so that. people of France rebelled against the king and his as- 202 sociates, gained for themselves a new era of freedom and now celebrate the day as a na- tional holiday. The triumphal march of Caesar into Rome after his eastern campaign 46 B. 0., seems so far away as to be almost mythical. When carefully studied with the use of charts and pictures and then contrasted with a modern procession the mythical becomes real. As Caesar drives through the excited mass of peo- ple he seems dignified, stern and aloof from the rest of the world. Cali attention to the attitude of the President of the United States as he passes through a crowd on some gala-day, bow- ing and smiling, as the patriotic eitizens shout 'his name and the contrast is quite noticeable. The idea may be still further carried out by considering the preparations that are being made for the crowning of the King of England; The occasion in this instance is very similar, for again all the pomp and glory possible will be displayed7 Such examples afford splendid op- portunities for noting the difference between a monarchy and a democracy. A very interesting illustration of the past eX- plaining a present situation is found in the pro- posed celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the unification of Italy. The strained relations which have existed since that time, between the church and state, will place the royal Visitor in a peculiar position since he cannot Visit the Pope without offending the king and Vice versa. These facts presented more in detail to a class ought to arouse interest in the present and to show how directly one age influences another. No one lives wholly to himself, neither does a nation, but each is- and has been greatly in- fluenced by the other. Each nation and each century has contributed something to the life of the world. Just what has been contributed we may not in every case determine but the tracing of the growth of certain phases of life is always interesting. This is especially true in the industrial and political field. The follow- ing examples may serve to illustrate the point: As the rather unfair nietayer system of leasing THE NORMAL ADVANCE land prevailed in France and Italy, so it is now found in the southern part of the United States, especially in Mississippi. As Europe had a system of farming taxes and revenues, so the same exists in parts of our country. As medi- aeval times produced the guilds so the later centuries have produced similar organizations. As Napoleon III, with the aid of Baron Hauss- mann, remade Paris, so the people of Cleveland7 with the aid of three great architects remade that city. As Rome, under Tiberius sent help to the people rendered destitute by an earth- quake in Asia Minor, so the American people animated by similar motives, relieved the des- tressed people of San Francisco. High school students become quite proficient in detecting these similarities and take delight in investigating the same, and often make valu- able suggestions. At one time it was suggested that Roger Bacorfs attempt to invent a horse- less carriage was the beginning of the automo- bile industry. Not long ago as the Appian Way was being discussed, the remarkable dura- bility of the road as compared with that of our roads was suggested. After considering its construction, its use and other points the sub- ject was dismissed. At the next recitation, one pupil who had evidently made some further in- vestigation, asked if he might draw a diagram showing the construction of the way. This drawing, together with the explanation, not only accounted for the roadie durability, but plainly showed from what source our method of road construction came. Possibly the im- portant thing to note concerning that recitation was not so much the historical fact as it was the interest shown and its influence on other pupils. Shortly afterward another pupil volun- teered to explain the Claudian acqueduet in a silimar way. The political realm continually lends itself to this work. Scarcely a government or party can be considered without touching in some way upon the government of today. Go back to the time of the republic in Rome and study her army. Many points of likeness and differ- THE NORMAL ADVANCE 203 MM$$ ence, both in camp and on held, may be found between it and the army of the United States. Attention may be called to our troops now in camp in Texas, with which the pupils are no doubt familiar. If the general plan of our gov ernment is understood that of other nations is capable of being easily developed and under- stood. Its main features the executive, legis- lative and judicial departments are generally found in other constitutions. We should probably rejoice that the present age is not furnishing examples of persecution and martyrdom; that the powerful nations are at peace and s0 examples of heroic deeds of generals and privates are wanting; and that everywhere ignorance and superstition is being overcome by education and scientific research and such events as witchcraft and the inquisi- tion can be made plain only by contrast. As citizens of Indiana we may not point with pride to the very recent discovery within our bounds of the instigators 0f the worst example of vandalism in many years. Yet the episode may be used with profit as illustrative of such work by the early barbarian tribes that swept over Europe. Pressing the point further and bringing it nearer home, its destruction and the results thereof may be applied to school life its- self. The pupils will readily see that writing on desks and buildings and otherwise defacing public property is only another example of this same principle. iHistory in such a case has be- come useful. Thus we might go on indeiinitely with living illustrations of by-gone days. The question na- turally arises as to the value of such work to the student. This will depend largely upon the student himself. If the use of the laboratory brings new meaning to scientific problems, the laboratory apparatus of history should serve a like purpose. In general, the use of current events in history should be of value in the fol- lowing ways: ' First. It should give a broader View of life. The world has too long been going about in its Own little Circle, each little group of people or nation contending for its own interests. When we realize how intimately we are connected with all people, past, present and future, there will be no place for the pessimistic or selfish man. When the student begins to feel that the life of today touches that of centuries ago, he too will agree with cosmic day that the dawn of life was not so long ago as to be forgotten and that Plato and Aristotle are indeed his eon- temporaries. Second. Interest is developed for when the students view of life has become such as to in- clude all mankind he will become interested therein. Instead of dreading each dayls lesson he will approach it with a different attitude. Interest in the subject will lead to investigation and investigation will render clear points that hitherto have been vague and without meaning. Third. The faculties of the mind are strengthened. In comparing or relating cir- cumstances of different times both reasoning and judging are actively engaged. Having drawn certain definite conclusions, the subject under discussion must necessarily be more firm- ly grasped. Such in part, at least, are the uses and results of this method of illustrating history. The eX- tent to which the work is carried will depend upon the class and the judgment of the teacher. t It will be valuable so long as it assists the pupil to see and feel that the people under discussion lived and moved; ate and slept; talked and thought; longed and aspired; schemed and planned; struggled and failed; or attempted and gained, just as people are doing today. Let him be Greek, Roman, German, French7 English or American, all are built after the same great pattern and are firmly united by human ties. This principle can be shown in no better way than by the use of current events as illustrative material of history. 204 THE NORMAL ADVANCE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE Wabash Valley MELVIN K. DAVIS In the topography of Indiana the Wabash valley is one of the most interesting features. If geologists could thoroughly understand the great valley, pre-giaoial, glacial and post- glaciai conditions would be fairly well known. From the Grand Reservoir in Ohio to Hunt- ington, Indiana, the Wabash river is in a post- giacial channel; from Huntington to Coving- ton the river has both the pre-giaciai and post- glaciai channels, that is it is in one place in a pre-giaciai channel and in another place the post-glacial channel7 and from Covington, In- diana, to the Ohio river the Wabash is in a modified pre-giacial channel. The Wabash is 500 miles long and drains a basin of 38,000. square miles, of which 30,000 square miles are covered with the drift of one or more ice sheets. The earlier ice sheet that passed down the Wabash valley and basin approached with- in tweive or fifteen miles of the Ohio river, and not only in the main stream of the Wrabash are there obstructions and i'eadjustinents that are due to ice sheets, but this is also true in most of the tributaries. As much as 90 per cent of the basin is covered with some kind of Iglacial drift. In many places the valley of the iVabash has been filled to a very great extent with sand, gravel, and boulders, all of which bear a very close relation to the ice sheets of North America. Where the Wabash and some of its tributaries are in the ancient pre-giacial gravel filled valley there are some very large and interesting terraces that have been formed by the river cutting its recent channels. T hese terraces are found along the streams that are in the glacial area of the United States and this is especially true of the Wabash river from Huntington, Indiana, to thirty miles south of the City of Terre Haute. THE TERRE HAUTE TERRACE is a part of the great gravel filling that half hlls the pre- glacial channel of the Wabash that bisects Vigo county from northeast to southwest, and which is at Terre Haute siX miles wide and about 200 feet deep. In Vigo county and in Parke and Sullivan counties, which lie north and south of Vigo respectively, the valley of the present XVabash used to be the channel of the pre- giaciai river, but now this great channel that is partly filled with sand and gravel, is the valley of the river, while the present channel has been cut in the gravel filling. It might be well at this point to speak of the great pre-glacial channel that is now the valley and explain its formation. It has been cut to the dimensions mentioned above, six miles Wide and 200 feet deep by a river of water and waste rock material. It was not made by faulting because the rock strata on each side of the wide valley correspond stratum for stratum. It was not cut by ice because the valley is too crooked and has too many rock spurs projecting into it from the bluffs for any ice erosion theory to be entertained in regard to the formation of the great pre-glacial channel. Of course, large channels are indicative of large streams. The ancient Wabash was many times larger than the present stream. Large rivers must necessarily have large basins and it is shown by competent geologists that the basin of the Wabash was in pre- giacial and glacial times much larger than it is at present. The basin has been diminished by the sinking of the land in such a way as to cause the divides between the southward flow- ing streams and the northward flowing rivers, to shift farther south so that water which used to hnd its way to the sea by way of the Wabash THE NORMAL ADVANCE changed its course and now flows through some of the northern rivers; e. g., Nelson and St. Lawrence. The Wabash basin has been lessened to a very great extent by glacial drift, that is, this is one of the causes that shifted the divides farther south and perhaps farther east on the west and farther west on the east side of the valley. Borings in some filled val- leys are indicative of this. It was during the time while the basin was so large that the great pre-glacial channel which is now the valley was out. THE TERRE HAUTE TERRACE is -on the east side of the present stream which washes its western bluff the greater part of its length. This terrace is twenty miles long and has an average width of three and one-fourth miles; its height is from Iifty to eighty feet above low water in the river at the northern end, but at the southern end it is only a thin bed of gravel. The terrace begins in Parke county three and one-half miles norm of the Vigo county line. At this point the terrace is very narrow and is from seventy to eighty feet above the low water datum in the river. Low water is here 452 feet above tide. For the most part the terrace slopes to south and about five miles south of Terre Haute the terrace sinks to the level of the flood plain which is twenty feet above low water in the river. This great terrace is a part of the great gravel filling that was left after the river had removed the filling from the west- ern portion of the valley to a depth of fifty feet and more. The western one-third of the valley is now fiood-plain in which there are beds of gravel that rise from ten to twenty feet above it. THE TOPOGRAPHY 0F iHE TERRE HAUTE TER- RACE is as singular as any other feature. In its northern extremity it is very narrow, in fact it comes to a feather-edge vertically, but twenty miles further down the river it comes to a feather-edge horizontally. The summit of the northern part is eighty feet above low water in the river. From these facts it may be seen that 205 the terrace has a general and gentle slope to the south, although in many places the terrace is quite level. In Otter Creek township, Vigo county, it rises from sixty-five to seventy-five feet above the river. At that place the terrace is higher near the river and slopes to the east. Farther south in Harrison township the ter- irace is about fifty feet high and has a slope to the south and in a few places it slopes to the west. In Parke county and in a small portion of Vigo county, the terrace lies against a bit of land that might be called an island because it seems evident that the Wabash once surrounded . it. The island is twelve miles long and has an average Width of two and one-half miles and is pointed at both the north and south end. It is bounded on the west by the valley of the Wabash and on the east by the valley of Big Raccoon creek, which is an eastern tributary to the Wabash. This island is bordered and cap- ped 0n the west side by Shelbyviile terminal moraine. The pre-glaciai channel of Big Raccoon creek which is on the east side of the island, is about three miles wide and is half full of sand and gravel. The filling of Raccoon valley is of the same kind of material as the filling of the VVa- bash valley and it has the same structure. This great gravel filling in the Wide lower part of the valley has caused the stream in its lower course to turn north and flow in the opposite direction, from but parallel With the Wabash into which it empties after flowing northward for ten miles. The northern one-fourth of the terrace does not have as level a surface as the southern pore tion. The northern portion has the gentle sag and swell topography which is due to ridges and mounds of sand between which are broad shallow valleys in some of which there is a little alluvium. The sand ridges on top of the terrace seem to be, and evidently are, sand bars that were deposited by a braided river. These sand ridges rise from 10 to 25 feet above the level of the terrace in the places in which 206 , they occur and are more prominent and more numerous on the northern part of the terrace, but are also found on the southern part of .the terrace. In the city of Terre Haute the Normal School stands on such a sand ridge, and the Southern Indiana shops are on another farther south. There are very few defined stream channels on the terrace because the streams which flow from the east to the Wabash are lost in the sand and gravel terrace. Lost creek, in Harri- son township, has a channel which it partly fills in time of liood, but the channel is dry the greater part of the time. This channel is about twenty feet wide, and after its waters sink into the sand and gravel, in which the channel is cut, about one foot of red sandy loam is left upon the bottom. Otter creek 0f Otter Creek township has these same features and char- acteristics. There are a few shallow depressions upon the terrace, some of which hold water part of the year, but the most of these now have been drained artificially. One of these depressions may be found in Fair View Park, just east of the city of Terre Haute. Such depressions hold water because their bottoms have been plastered with lacustrine deposit which has been carried from the clay bluff and plateau that lie immediately east of the terrace. STRUCTURE or TIIE TERRE HAUTE TERRACE: Not the terrace as such but the structure of the terraces is a very interesting problem along the Wabash. The Terre Haute terrace may be studied in several gravel pits near the city and in each of these pits the same general features may be found. Almost all the valley filling is material from the northern part of the United States and from Canada. All of the material is water laid, some of the strata of which are of coarse gravel and some of very fine sand. In general these strata dip to the south, but this is not the case entirely; some of them dip to the east, others to the west, and some tfew'l to the north. The stream that deposited this sand and ' overload these streams. THE NORMAL ADVANCE gravel was an aggrading river, an overloaded stream. The newly deposited moraines, espece ially the Shelbyville moraine which lay across the Wabash valley and in the basin of Rac- coon creek, furnished and still furnish a very great amount of material to be carried into and This material is most- 1y sand and gravel and is not found so abund- antly along the streams that are not in the Shelbyville moraine. Otter creek is south of this moraine and does not have any gravel beds of note. Raccoon creek7 which does drain part of the moraine, is noted for its great gravel beds and for its gravel filled valley. The valley filling of the Wabash and Raccoon creek are in some respects much like a valley train, al- though the material in the lower or southern part of the terrace is almost as coarse as it is in the northern part. There is good reason to believe that the sand and gravel beds near Terre Haute are the remains of a valley train that was built of the material which the early Wisconsin ice sheet dumped into the Wabash and Raccoon valleys while it lay across them in the northern part of Vigo county and the southern part of Parke county. The frequent alternation of fine and coarse gravel and of sand indicate that the stream which deposited it had a changing velocity. The frequent changes in the velocity were per- haps due to a change in volume and this was in turn due to changes of season, changes of chan- nel, and changes in the amount of precipitation. If some of the strata are followed horizontally, it will be found that they thin out and other strata of different composition take their places. This shows that the stream at the time of such deposition had a very rough floor. It has been stated that the Wabash is an ag- grading and overloaded stream and this was especially true during the time at which the gravel filling was put into the valley. The stream seems to have been carrying the waste from a glacier at the time the sand and gravel were deposited in the valleys of the Wabash and Raccoon creek. Streams which flow from THE NORMAL ADVANCE 207 glaciers are always overloaded and aggrading. In an aggrading river the stream builds up its channel and bed, higher and higher, and levees are formed on each side of the current. In so large a stream or river as the Wabash during the ice melting stage there were surely several currents and channels in which such work was going on. Between the levees of the currents there were shallow places in which the water was still and when a levee was cut through, the current would rush out into the depression that contained the still water and make delta-like formations of its load. These beds of such formation may be seen in any of the gravel pits. In the terrace are a few masses of boulder clay that have a spherical shape. It seems as if these were either carried by ice or rolled along by a current. They are more common in the north end of the terrace. In some of the pits are beds of gravel cone glonierate the cement of which is carbonate of lime or carbonate of iron. The conglomerate beds are very local and do not form a continu- ous bed. ' The boulders, which are of Canadian origin, form an interesting feature of the valley fill- ing. They are scattered through the sand and gravel promiscuously, but there seems to be more of them along the edge of the west bluff just above Terre Haute. The current of Big Raccoon creek seems to have caused this be- cause this tributary comes into the Wabash at the north line of Vigo county. This stream is from the northeast and would cause the current of the Wabash to swing to the west. Thus the icebergs from the Wisconsin ice sheet, which were laden with boulders, were sent to the west side of the river where they stranded. Of course, this means the greater number were stranded on the west side. Some of the ice- bergs may have come out of the Raccoon valley, but the greater number originated in the Wa- bash. The Wisconsin ice sheet lay more direct- ly in the valley of the Wabash than in the valley of the Raccoon. . On top of the great gravel filling is a layer of red sandy loam that has been deposited by a very sluggish stream, such as the Wabash was when it merely reached from bluff to bluff, and the gravel filling held much of the seaward going water. A bed of from one to ten feet of this red sandy loam was deposited before the waters were gathered together in the western third of the valley. THE EAST BLUFF is the western edge of a clay plateau. In the northern part of Vigo county this bluif rises to a height of 600 feet above tide and the long island that was men- tioned above has about the same height in the highest parts. On the west side of this island is a ridge of Shelbyvilie moraine about twenty- five feet in height. In the southern part of Parke county and in Otter Creek township of Vigo county this bluif is more dissected than it is a few miles south in Harrison township. There are a few long narrow spurs that extend from the bluff out upon the terrace. A very prominent spur may be found in the northeast quarter of section 30, Otter Creek township. A cut for a road in this spur shows that it has a very thick cap of sand, if it is not entirely of this material. The spurs have very blunt points and are very easily recognized. The streams which flow from Clay county into Otter Creek township, have wide valleys in which they swing from one side to the other, cutting away the bluffs and making their flood- plains wider. The streams are not cutting down very fast because they have reached base-level, the Terre Haute terrace in which the greater part of the streams are lost. The longest streams that reach the Wabash through the east bluff are only twenty miles in length. The divide between the tributaries of the Wabash and those of Eel river is from eight to twenty miles each of the Wabash in Parke and Vigo counties. Many of these streams have flood plains far back into the plateau. Otter creek has a flood-plain one-eighth mile wide just north of Brazil, which is sixteen miles from the Wabash. The streams of Harrison township 208 m: are not so long as those of Lost Creek township, because the divide between Eel river and the Wabash is farther west, but nevertheless these short streams have reached base-level, the ter- race, and have Wide tlood-plains for such small streams. T hey are now swinging from one side of their valleys to the other and making their flood-plains wider and Wider. The liood-plain 0f Otter creek is one-half mile Wide in the lower course of the stream. The streams have not only dissected the plateau but they have reduced hills and ridges of the bluff and plateau to a dome shape. Almost all the lines of the bluff are gentle, graceful curves. It is only Where streams cut directly against a bluff that share ridges and steep places are found. The edge of the plateau which descends to meet the terrace comes down in graceful. curves in most places. At the months of some of the streams are fragments of what might have been a delta, but this has not been determined definitely. There are delta-like fragments at the mouth of Otter creek and at the mouth of Normal brook, which is in the southeast quarter of section 24, Harrison township. The streams of Harrison township have done the same things as those of Otter Creek township, but they are not so large as the streams of the latter. Normal Brook is the typical stream of the bluff in Harrison township. It is a mature stream, having reached its base-level, the term race, and it rivals the Mississippi in meanders. Besides the larger streams of the east bluff which reach far into the clay plateau, there are many small streams and valleys that cut into the bluH? a short distance so that the contour lines which represent the edge of the plateau are in the form of festoons. This is especially true in Otter Creek township and in the north- ern part of Harrison township. A very noticeable feature on the edge of the plateau is the sand dunes. There is also much sand on the slope of the bluff and especially on the spurs that reach from the bluff out upon the terrace. They are very numerous in Otter THE NORMAL ADVANCE Creek township and extend from the bluff two or three miles eastward upon the plateau, giv- ing it the swell and sag topography. Some of the round topped knolls and ridges are fifty feet high. The ones Which are not round have their longer axes extending north and south. In Harrison township these dunes do not ex- tend eastward upon the plateau more than a mile. These sand dunes are along the north banks of the larger streams in the plateau. STRUCTURE OF EAST BLUFF. The east bluff is the western edge of a plateau of boulder clay that rests upon bed rock of shale, lime- stone and coal; the shale is much the greater in amount. The cap of boulder clay at the bluff Which is three miles west oflthe river, is from fifty to eighty feet thick. It is the drift that was left by the Wisconsin and Illinoian ice sheets. The drift on the island mentioned above is Wisconsin drift, but that farther east and south on the plateau is Illinoian drift. The gravel terrace extends several feet upon the side of the boulder clay bluff. In other words, the bed of shale is exposed nowhere near the obluff in Harrison township and in very few places in Otter Creek township, although the streams have reached base-level. The valleys range in depth from fifty to eighty or eight-five feet. Near the mouth of Otter creek bed rock of shale may be found in the bed of the creek. This is in Forest Park and the floor of the valley at this point is eighty-live feet below the top of the plateau. In Harrison township Normal Brook has cut its valley fifty feet deep, but it has not reached bed rock. Six or seven miles east of the bluff bed rock is displayed in the valleys of the small streams, but the cap of boulder clay is not so thick as it is near the bluiT. It is not more than fifteen to twenty feet thick at this distance from the bluff. The streams which seem to be in post-glaeial chan- nels reveal very little bed rock, but are cut in the tough pebbly boulder clay. In the bluff and interbedded with the boulder clay are beds of loess. This may be found in the bluff on the Bloomington road and in the THE NORMAL ADVANCE 209 bluff east on Maple avenue. Loess is a tine grained sand 01' 10am, and is usually yellow in color. It is a silt and consists of very fine grains of sand. In it is found fossils of pas- tropods and in some places there are nodules of lime and of iron and manganese oxides, Which are of eoncretionary formation and are often called Ctpetrifieel potatoes?7 On top of the plateau and back a mile or so on the bluff the surface is covered With a iihn of White clay Which seems to be a phase of the 10eSS though it contains more Clay and is Tess uniform in texture than the 10ess. The beds of loess in the bluff are from one to ten feet thick and are not very far above the terrace, the high- est of Which is not more than forty feet above the terrace, Which was once a inOd-plain. The loess and the White clay seem to be a Wind de- posit from the flood-plain 0f the river or some near by strearn' during some inter-glacial epoch or at least while an ice sheet was in a temper- ary retreat. The loess may be a water deposit in some glaciated areas of North America7 but the location and its relation to the terrace indi- cate that the loess in this bluif is a Wind de- posit. The sand dunes mentioned above, Which are on the edge of the plateau immediately above the bluH are greater in number and in extent in Otter Creek township than they are in Harrison township 0r farther south. They are a Wind deposit and were carried as tiny bits of sand by the Wind from the gravel terrace that was once the fiood-plain of a greater VVa- bash. THE RELATION OF THE TERRE HAUTE TERRACE TO GLACIAL PHENOMONA. Perhaps the exact relation that the Terre Haute terrace bears to the ice sheets and the glacial drift can never be told, but some of them are now quite Clear. The Shelbyville moraine extends across the northern part of Vigo county and thus is in the valley of the Wabash and Raccoon creek. The valley filling of the Wabash and Rac- coon creek is very great in amount because the valley seems to have been once filled to a level equal to that of the top of the terrace, and the question is how did its location come about. The filling is composed of sand, gravel, and boulders. The sand and gravel is in stratified form and in fact some of it is of delta forma- tion. This structure shows that this material has been water laid. The thickness of the terrace at the north and south ends would indicate that it is a valley train, but the material'at the south end of the terrace is very little or no finer than that at the north end. If the valley Iiiling is in any way a valley train it is the outwash from the early VViscon- sin ice sheet, the edge of Which once lay Where the Shelbyville moraine now is. This is very plausible because the amount of waste rock ma- terial issuing from a g1acier7s edge is very great and usually consists of silt and well rounded hard gravel and sand. In the anbash valley, and in the valley of Big Raccoon creek, the amount of water and its current was just strong enough to carry the sand and gravel from the glaciers edge and deposit it in the form of a valley train. The deposits of the W abash and Raccoon are joined and meet each other at grade. Much of this sand and gravel could have been carried into the valley by tributaries that flOW through the Shelbyville moraine. This moraine contains much of such material; very much more than the drift of the Illinoian drift sheet. This last theory is based upon the fact that the tributaries that are in the Shelbyville moraine have great sand and gravel beds, and some of them have teraces. The base-levei 0f the western tributaries is the Wabash river and they cut their channels down as fast as the main stream and thus terraces are formed. Under What conditions could the XVabash and Raccoon creek fill their valleys and then cut a deep channel into the filling as the 'VVa- bash has done. When the glacier was melting from the val- ley, much silt and debris had to be carried by the river. The volume and current of the river 210 and streams were not great enough to carry the load and thus they were very much overloaded, but when the ice retreated beyond the divide, water was ponded between the ice on the north and the divide on the south. As the ice retreat- ed into the Erie Basin, Lake Maumee was formed and its waters came into the Wabash by the Ft. Wayne outlet. The river from the lake was about one mile wide and was very deep. The lake formed a settling basin and in it the water from a retreating glacier was greatly or entirely relieved of its load. When such waters rushed out down the valley they were ready and did take up much material, or in other words, a new load. The Terre Haute terrace is the result of such movements. The western part of the valley at Terre Haute was cleared of its filling of sand and gravel to a depth of Iifty feet. This seems to have been the work of the water that flowed from Lake Maumee. This work was carried on for many centuries but it was at last greatly reduced in amount. The ice dam melted or retreated farther north and a new and lower outlet was given to Lake Maumee, and the Wabash 10st in volume. The new outlet was across the ttthumbb of Michigan into the Saginaw bay. The XVabash dwindled and began to cut its present channel, which is twenty feet deep and about 700 feet wide. What is now the flood-plain was the bed of the river while Lake Maumee was pouring its waters int0.the WVabash. THE EASTERN TRIBUTARIES. In dealing with the topography and structure of a region it is absolutely necessary to discuss the streams to a greater or less extent and for this reason the streams of the east bluff have been considered. THE NORMAL ADVANCE The streams of the bluff are mature, they have reached base-level and are now widening their valleys. iThe streams are post-glacial with val- leys cut in boulder clay. These streams are consequent, their course being determined by the slope of the clay plateau over which they Iirst flowed and into which they have cut. This is shown tn the bed rock near the heads of the streams is higher than it is at the mouths of the streams; m the difference between the eleva- tion of bed rock at these two points is greater than the diEerence between the beds of boulder clay at such points. In Harrison and Otter Creek townships the streams form a parallel system of drainage which has the Terre Haute terrace for a base- level. The streams have reached this and are very mature, having the greater part of their work done. Such a drainage system is in sharp contrast with the tributaries of the western plateau which empty into the Wabash. The western streams have the river as their base-level. This base-ievel is from fifty to seventy feet below the base-level of the eastern streams. This con- dition has given the western streams more work to do and so they are only in a sub-mature stage. They have encountered much bed'rock and have in many instances united their waters to form a single gap by which to issue upon the plain of the Wabash. This causes the stream system to form a fan-shaped drainage. The streams are sub-mature, but they have narrow flood-plains in their lower courses. They have the plateau which they drain fairly well dis- sected but not thoroughly. The hills and ridges still have hat tops. A beautiful behavior is better than beautiful form; it gives a higher pleasure than statues or pictures; it is the finest of fine arts. a E merson. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 211 The Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE lNTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF Editor-in-Chief Associate Editor ........................... Literary Editor KATE V. BLACK ......... . . y . society Editor ELZIE STEWART ------------------- Athletic Editor ADA TICHENOR ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD LYDIA GRABBE .................... Senior Editor ETHEL HYDE ..................... J unior Editor ERNEST L. WELBORN GROVER C. SUMMERS ............. 5 Local and Alumni Editors THOMAS COBLE .................. Sophomore Editor RAE A. GOLDMAN --------------- College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST ---------------- Business Manager ALEX. MCCULLOUGH ............. Advertising Manager CHARLES E. WALK --------- . . Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, Ex-Ojjicz'o PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MISS SWIHART ELMER A. ROW, C. 0., Secretary ............... , '11 HARRY HOWICK, t12 KATHERINE LAFFERTY, t13 Published monthly from October to J une, inclusive. Terms ....................... $1.00 per Yeah Single copies . . . ....... 15 Cents Commencement Number ------------------ 35 Cents Address all communications to THE NORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute, Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. A11 alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Entered at the Terre Haute past 0171.06 as second class mail matter. The article7 ccCanadian Reciprocity; A Men- ace to our Prosperityfi was prepared for the April number of the ADVANCE, but it reached us too late for that issue. This explanation will enable the reader to understand why changes in the status of this legislation that have oc- curred. during the past month are not men- tioned. This piece of work was prepared by Mr. CuHins at our invitation to him to contri- bute something to the ADVANCE. We commend the paper toi the careful consideration of our readers, for it is the work of a person who prac- tices What he preaches. Mr. Cullins has been a' successful farmer since he graduated from I. S. N. For a long time there has been apparent the need of better opportunities for students use ' city, and other legitimate interests. of the library. There are many students who have no opportunity during the day, due to laboratory work, field work, working in the There are others whose work is almost entirely library work, who find it impossible to do the work they need to do outside of study hours during the day. In other words, we feel that it would be desirable to have the library open during the evening and for a longer period on Saturday, if such things are possible. The students of I. S. N. desire this opportunity, which is attorded by other similar institutions. QBhItuary ALBERT EUGENE DAVISSON. Albert Eugene Davisson, late Head Professor of Agricultural Education, was born on a farm near Crawfordsville, Indiana, in 1857. He first attended school in the country near his home, later at the Indiana State Normal, Terre Haute, and at Purdue University. In 1886 he married Emma Reed, daughter of a prominent clergy- man of the Methodist church, who is now fin- ishing his work, as acting principal of the School of Agriculture for the remainder of the year. After considerable experience in teaching in the public schools, Professor Davisson accepted a call to the New Mexico Agricultural College as professor of Latin and principal of the pre- paratory department. Resigning this position in 1896, he was made instructor in mathematics and head master of our newly organized school of agriculture, at the same time carrying uni- versity studies which led to his being awarded the degree of A. B. at this university in 1898. He also received during this year Phi Beta Kappa honors. Immediately after graduation he was made director of the School of Agriculture, and since this time rapidly received the various academic promotions till his rank was that of a head professor in the University. The School of Agriculture which he organ- ized will testify to his executive ability, but his 212 infiuence in the community was wider than that which came to him as head of a successful in- stitution. He was exceedingly active in the work of prison reform and all matters of pub- lic interest and welfare. In token of the ap- preciation which the Regents of the University feel towards his work, the following resolution was adopted: ttVVhereas, Professor A. E. Davisson was on the 14th day of April called away from his labors among us, and . gtVVhereas, The present Board and its prede- cessors have recognized in Professor Davisson a man of sterling worth and great ability; a THE NORMAL ADVANCE man of strong character, an able executive, and an inspiring leader of young men, and regard the School of Agriculture, of which he has been in charge since the beginning, a monument of his ability and devotion to his work; be it ctResolved, By the Board of Regents of the University Of Nebraska, that we give public expression of our profound grief, and that a copy of this resolution be sent to Mrs. Davis- sonil V The entire University community, as well as the public at large4 profoundly sympathize with Mrs. Davisson and the bereaved relatives. HThe U m'versz'ty Journal, Lincoln, Neb. Items of Interest The article, ttThe Tyranny 0f 'llhingsfl that appeared in the March number, excited more comment in the columns of other school papers than anything that has appeared in the AD- VANCE this year. In nearly every case the com- ment was highly favorable; except that it con- tained a mere suggestion of some vague doubts. The meetings of the History Section of the State Teachers7 Association at the Normal Training School on Friday and Saturday, 1V1ay 5 and 6 were well attended by history teachers and by students of the Normal School. The meetings deserved even larger attendance for the lectures were of a very high grade. Among the speakers were Dr. WVOOdburn of I. U., Dr. Wm. E. Dodd of Chicago University, Dr. 0. L. Manchester of Normal University, Normal, 111., Dr. C. Henry Smith of Groshen College, and Dr. Thomas F. Moran of Purdue University. Miss WVeyl 0f the Training High School, and Miss McMullin 0f the XViley High School, gave excellent discussions of teaching problems. Dr. 1VOOdburn succeeds Professor Bogardns as president of the section, and the meeting of next year will be held at Bloomington. The Honorable Charles W. Moores will Cle- 1iver an address in Normal Hall at 11 a. m. on Memorial Day. Mr. Moores is a prominent at- torney of Indianapolis. He has made a special study of the life of Abraham Lincoln, and his lecture will deal With some phase of the work of Lincoln. It will be remembered that sometime iago Professor J ohn P. Kiminel 0f the Department of Physical Training, resigned his position. Professor Bertram E. Wiggins 0f McKendree College, Lebanon, 111., has been elected as his successor. Mr. WHggins is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and is considered well qualified for the place. He will assume his duties June 19. The Board Of Official Visitors made its an- nual inspection of the school, May 9-11. The Board- for this year consisted of Dr. Thomas F. Howe, President of Butler College; F. S. Mor- ganthaler, superintendent of Rockport schools; and Charles E. Talkington, county superin- tendent of Bartholomew county. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 213 Mr. Lynch, assistant professor of History, was confined to his room for a week early in the month. As we go to press he is able to meet part of his classes. D1'. Schlicher, head of the Latin department, is again able to meet his classes after :11 two weeks of illness. Miss Swihart, assistant professor of German and composition, has been compelled to give up her work for the term, due to ill health. ATHLETICS BASEBALL. The baseball season was Opened for Normal 011 the afternooln of April 21, when 0111' boys de- feated the E 1. S. Normal at C11111est011 111. The game was good thrmwhout and showed the mettle 0f the boys to adV antao'e. The sc01e was: Nowmal 1 A. B. R. H. P. O. A. E. 'Bird, 3b ............ 5 1 1 0 2 0 Musselman, ss ....... 4 0 1 1 3 O Wilson, I'f ........... 5 2 0 O 0 0 Clark, 210 ..... - ...... 5 2 3 5 1 0 Brown, 1b .......... 5 2 O 6 1 0 Mitchell, Cf ......... 5 1 2 2 O 1 Hogue, If ........... 5 0 2 1 2 0 He1'1'011, p ........... 5 O 1 1 4 1 York, 0 ............. 5 1 1 9 0 O T0ta1s . .- .......... 44 9 11 25 13 2 E . I . S. N. A.B. R. H. P.O. A. E. Flaherty, ss ......... 4 1 0 0 2 2 Schoemaker, 2b ...... 3 1 2 7 2 0 G. Hill, 3b .......... 4 1 1 1 0 2 Stanberry, cf ....... 4 0 0 2 0 0 S. Hill, c ............ 4 0 1 4 1 0 Harrison, 1f ......... 4 1 1 3 0 0 Gr. Rankin, 1h ..... -. 4 0 1 8 0 3 N . Rankin, rf ....... 3 O 0 1 0 0 Sampson, p ......... 3 0 0 l 2 1 Totals ............. 33 4 6 27 7 8 Umpire, Carter. Score, 1. S. N. 9; E. 1. S. N. 4. Time of game, 1 :40. POLY vs. NORMAL. According to the schedule Normal and Poly were to cross bats in the 111st 0f the annual series 011 April 19th, but the elements inter- feIred 111 the 101111 Of a heavy rain The game was postponed until Mondav, May 1,:111d aoain the 1Veathe1'see111ed against N01111a1. The day was dark and a cold drizzling rain was falling. This took all the snap out of our boys and when the game was called at the close of the sixth inning the score was: Normal. A.B. R. H. PO. A. E. Bird, 3b ............ 3 0 0 2 1 4 Brown, 1b ........... 2 0 0 4 0 0 Wilson, 1f ........ 2 0 0 2 0 0 C1a1'k,2b ............ 2 0 0. 1 0 0 Mitchell, Cf ......... 2 0 0 0 0 0 131-111, ss ..... . ....... 2 0 0 1 1 0 Hogue, 1f ........... 2 1 1 3 0 0 York, 0 ............. 2 0 0 5 0 1 Moore, p ............ 1 0 O 0 4 O Fi'akes, p ........... 1 0 0 0 2 0 Totals ............ 19 1 1 18 7 5 R086 Poly. AB. R. H. P.O. A. E. Lander, 0 ........... 4 0 O 11 1 0 Bradford, 211 ........ 5 1 2 2 2 0 Wyeth, cf ..... - ..... 3 3 1 0 0 0 Buckner, 1f .......... 3 2 2 0 O O Kelley, ss ........... 3 2 2 1 0 0 Shook, 3b ........... 4 2 2 0 1 0 Byers, rf ............ 2 3 1 0 0 0 Deming, 1b ........ - 2 1 0 5 0 0 Nehf, p ............. 2 0 1 0 11 0 Totals ............ 28 14 11 3:19 15 0 101m out When the game was called. 214 THE Score by Innings. Normal ............... 0 0 0 0 0 1e 1 Poly ........... - ...... 2 1 2 2 5 2e14 The Normal nine went to work practicing the rest of the week and When they met Rose Poly on Parsons Field the following Friday, May 5th, the story was as follows: Made confident by the pitching of the vet- eran Moore, the Normals played the game of their lives and defeated Rose Poly in the second game of the annual series by a 5 to 8 score. The game was played on Parsons Field and was witnessed by 400 enthusiastic followers of the two institutions. The Engineers slowed up after trouncing the pedagogues on Rose field by a 14 to 1 score. Capt. Shookls men took their time in the early innings and When they tried to rally it was too late. The Engineers died hard and in both the eighth and ninth innings had runners on third and second When the last batter died on a long fly to center. Neither team gave its pitcher good support and the four errors on each side cost most of the runs. Moore hatl the better of Barrett in the pitching honors. Moore walked four men, while Barrett passed two. Barrett had one wild pitch Which cost a run. Bloom fanned nine and Barrett whiffed six. The batting and base running of Buckner was the feature of the game. ttBucklt stole four bases. The two grand stand sections were filled and the rooters vied in raising the biggest racket; The Normal fans had more to yell for, as nine Engineers swung in vain. Buckner smashed the ball over the right field fence in the sixth inning, aihit that would have been good for a homer had not the ground rules been in force. Ross Thornton umpired the game and there was little kicking. Poly scored one in its half of the first. Law- ler walked, but Bradford hit the ball too hard trying to bunt and Bird Whipped the sphere to Clark, forcing Lawler. Bradford stole second. Wyeth fanned. Buckner hit to Mitchell, Who mutfed the ball and Bradford scored. Buckner NORMAL ADVANCE stole second. Shook swung thrice in vain and was out. Normal came back With three runs in its half. Bird was out When Barrett hit Brown. VVil- son hit to center, Brown taking third. Wilson stole second. Clark hit to Deming, who caught Brown at the plate on a close play. Wilson went to third on the play. Clark stole second. Mitchell lifted an easy fly to left, but Buckner lost the ball in the sun and Wilson and Clark scored, Mitchell taking second. Brill hit to Byers, Who Inuffed the ball, Mitchell scoring and Brill taking second. Barrett fanned Hogue. Poly tied the score in the fourth. Buckner singled and Kelly beat out a bunt, sending Buck to second. Buckner and Kelly worked the double Steal. Shook drove a long fly to right Which Hogan caught. Buckner scored on the out and when York failed to stop Hogue7s throw Kelley scored. Byers and Deming fanned. ' Normal won the game in the fifth. Two were out When Brown singled to right. lVilson hit to center and when Wyeth failed to stop the ball Brown scored and Wilson went to third. Barrett let loose a Wild pitch, scoring lVilson. Clark fanned. Poly made a desperate effort to rally in the sixth. Wyeth hit a long fly to Hogue. Buck- ner put the ball over the fence for a double. Kelly smashed a two bagoer to right, Buckner taking third. Shook hit to Brown7 Who caught Buckner between the bases. Byers fanned. The Engineers tried hard in the eighth. Bradford sent Hogue to the fence for his fly. Wyeth hit hard to Clark and died at Iirst. Buckner w alked and stole second and third. Kelly also walked and stole see.ond Capt. Shook cracked the ball with all his strength and sent the sphere to the basket ball court in deep center field, Where Asbury squeezed the pill. Again in the ninth the Engineers rallied. Byers smashed a liner toward right, but Brown knocked down the ball and stepped on first for THE NORMAL ADVANCE W the out. Art Nehf, getting his first chance, smashed the sphere to right for a single. Hogue threw wild to first trying to rob the batter of a hit, Nehf taking second. Barrett walked. Law- ler hit hard to Brown and was out at first, the death advancing the runners to third and sec- ond. Bradford made a big effort and dupli- cated Shook 8 drive to center, Asbury again squeezing the ball. The two teams will play the third and de- aiding game of the seiies at Athletic Park May 30. Score: Rose Poly. AHB R. H. P.O. A. E. Lawler, o ............ 4 O 0 7 1 0 Bradford, 2b ........ 5 1 0 1 1 0 Wyeth, cf ........... 4 0 O 2 0 1 Buckner, 1f ......... . 3 1 2 3 O 0 Kelly, ss ............. 3 1 2 1 2 0 Shook, 3b ........... 3 0 0 1 1 1 Byers, rf., 1b ........ 4 O O 1 0 1 Deming, 1b ......... 3 O 0 6 1 1 Nehf, rf ....... 1 0 1 O 0 0 Barrett, p ........... 3 0 O 2 3 0 Totals ............ 33 3 5 24 9 4 Normal AB. R H P.O. A. E. Bird, 3b ............ 4 0 0 o 5 1 Brown, 1b ..... - ..... 3 1 1 8 0 0 Wilson, 1f ........... 3 2 2 0 0 0 Clark, of ............ 4 1 1 2 2 0 Mitchell, cf ......... 2 1 1 0 O 1 Asbury, cf .......... 2 O 0 2 0 0 Brill, ss . .- .......... 2 0 0 O 1 0 Hogue, rf ........... 4 O O 4 0 1 York, 0 ............. 3 0 O 11 1 1 Moore, p ............ 3 0 0 0 1 0 Totals ............ 30 5 5 27 10 4 Score by Innings. Poly ......... 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 O-3 Normal ....... 3 O 0 O 2 0 O 0 3:45 215 Summmay. Two-base hits4Buckne1', Kelly, Mitchell. Stolen bases4Buckne1' 141, Bradford t2i, Kelly, Wilson, Clark. Sacriiice hit4Snook. Struck out-By Barrett, 6; by Moore, 9. Bases on ba11s401f Barrett, 2; off Moore, 4. Wild pitotharrett. Double plays4Kelly t0 Dem- ing, Barrett to Byers. Hit by pitcher4By Barrett, Brown, Brill. Left on bases-Poly, 8; Normal, 5. Time of game41 :40. Umpire4 Thornton. Attendanoe4400. I. S. N. 718. Dcm'vilZe Nosmal. On Saturday, May 6th, our boys met the Danville, Ind., team on their own grounds and they suifered a more humiliating troucing than the Illinois namesakes had received at our hands in April on their own diamond. Our fellows kept up their reputation for coolness and played clean ball throughout the game. On the Danville diamond in the rear of the right field and about 250 feet from the home plate is a creek, and just across on the opposite bank of this creek stands a tall Sycamore tree. Evidently none of the Danville fellows had ever succeeded in swinging the hickory hard enough to drive the pill over the creek, for their ground rules provided that a swat out that passed over this creek should count for a two bagger. Clark, our nifty second baseman, swatted the ball entirely over this tree twice, thus winning the two baggers and some rep as a batter. Bird made the bag No. 2 twice, and Wilson landed there with one hit. The game was called in the seventh inning in order to give our boys time to make the train for home, and the score stood 12 to 2 for I. S. N. with everything looking fair for a larger one if it had continued. The umpire was Fluner. Time of game 1 :35. The line-up was as follows: Norma14Bird, 3b; Brill, ss; Wilson, 1f; Clarke, 2b; Mitchell, c; Frakes, 1b; Hogue, rf; Asbury, Cf ; Heron, p. C. N. C.4Allen, Lee, Mahan, Agan, Funk, Powers, Real, Moesbull, Batty, Blue. 216 I. S N. S. vs. HANOVER. Rain interfered in behalf of Hanover when they came up to play us on Parsons F ield, April 28th, and the game was called. A change in the schedule put the game that Was for May 19th at Hanover on May 9th. The Hanoverians met the same fate at the hands of the Normal boys that they got in basket ball last winter, and after a 14-inning game in which clean ball vwas put up by both teams, our fellows carried the score with 3 t0 2. It is worthy. of note that the game with Hanover on their own ground last year was a 13-inning game with a final score 0135 to 4 for Hanover. This time our boys got it back on them. The score: 1. 3.1V. A. B. R H. P O. A. Bird, 3b ............. 1 0 2 E1 Brown, 1b ......... .. 1 6 0 0 Wilson, 1f ............ 0 6 0 0 Clark, 2b . .- .......... 0 O 3 0 Asbury, cf ......... 0 O O O Brill, ss ............ 0 l 0 0 Hogue, rf .......... . . O O 0 0 York, 6 .............. 1 . . 1 O 1 Moore, 10 ............. O . . 14 3 0 Totals ............. 3 28 8 2 Hanoven A. B. R. H. P. O. A. Dandon, p ........... 2 2 0 E0 Dickey, c ............. 0 O O 0 Kyle, Cf .............. 0 2 0 0 Hollenbeck, 1b ...... . . 0 5 O O Slawson, 2b .......... 0 0 0 O McLarylin, ss ......... 0 2 1 2 Scogdin, 1f ........... 0 2 0 0 Harrier, rf ........... O 2 0 0 THE tNORMAL ADVANCE Drew, 3b ...... ' ....... 0 . . i 1 l l Farrel, p .......... - . . 0 . . 0 0 0 Totals ........... . . 2 . . 16 2 3 Time of the game G4 inningsy 1:58. Um- pire, Angelbeck. Men struck out by Dawson and Farrell, 3. Men struck out by Moore, 26. 1. 8.1V. es. MOORES HILL. A change in the schedule sent our boys to meet the Methodists on their own diamond May 10th instead of May 20th as planned. Normal was Victorious with a 12 t0 0 score as follows: Nomnal. AB. R. H. PO. A. E. Bird, 3b ............ 6 3 3 0 Brown, 1b .......... 6 2 1 0 Wilson, 1f ........... 6 3 2 0 Clarke, 2b ........... 5 0 2 1 Asbury, cf .......... 5 1 2 0 Mitchell, 0 .......... 5 1 3 0 Brill, SS ............. 5 O 1 2 Hogue, rf ........... 3 2 0 0 Herron, p ........... 5 0 1 0 Totals ............. 45 12 15 3 211007468 H ill. AB. R. H. PO. A. E. Edwards, 1f ......... 4 0 0 Holtegel, 3b ......... 4 0 0 Bisney, 1b ........... 4 O 0 Burlingame, 2b ...... 3 0 O Dashiell, cf .......... 3 0 0 Ward, c ............. 3 0 1 Lininger, sis ......... 3 O 0 Briscoe, rf .......... 3 O 1 Wilson, p ........... 3 ' 0 0 Totals ............. 30 0 2 Be not the first by whom the new are tried, N or yet the last to lay the 01d aside. -Pope. t THE NORMTAL.ADVANCE Y. W. C. A. The Y. W. C. A. membership campaign will have closed Friday. The campaign has proven to be quite successful. The Y. W. C. A meeting of May 2 was large- ly attended, over one hundred girls being pres- ent. Miss Vognild was the leader and gave three readings in a very impressive manner. SENIOR. The pin committee of the Senior class has selected five designs for pins to be presented to the Senior class. V A business meeting of the Senior class was called XVednesday, April 12 at 3 :30 in Room 27. The president stated the object as two-fold. F irst, the assessment for the ADVANCE, and, second, the election of the graduating class of- ticers. A motion was made and carried to ap- propriate $375 to the ADVANCE, providing there were 125 Seniors, and to raise the amount $400 if the number of Seniors reached 140. The College Seniors met with the Normal Seniors at this time and the following oflicers of the graduating class were elected: President ................. .- . . .Mr. Summers Vice-President .................... Mr. Boles Treasurer ........................ Mr. Curry Secretary ...... ' ............... M iss Walters LITERARY. GEBAIAN CLUB. ,The German Club held the first meeting of the term on April 12. Twelve members were enrolled. At this meeting a very interesting paper on the ttNibeIungen Lied2 was read by Miss Hummerich. At the following meetings Mrs. Kemp gave two very interesting and en- tertaining talks about 4;T he Value of Studying Germanf, and the ttGerman School system? 217 PHILOMATHEAN. The Philomathean Literary Society met March 17 and elected the following officers for the spring term: President, Anna COX; Vice- president, Myrtle Scott; secretary, Lizzie Lowry; treasurer, Pearl Crosgrave; parliamen- tarian, Flora Saupert; sergant-at-arms, Edna Newman; artist, May Brooking. A very profitable time has been spent study- ing the art of the different countries and a typical representative of that kind of art. The following new members have added greatly to the strength of the society: Ernie Kuhn, Florence Peck, Faye Keever, and Bessie Smith. An invitation to attend the Open meeting of the Daedalians on May 20 has been accepted. Miss Brown invited the society to hold a meeting at her country home near Paris. SOCIETY. LLAMARADA. Misses Anne Forbes and Lotta Day of North Center street, entertained the members of the Llamarada Sorority, Saturday afternoon, May 6. The afternoon was spent socially. The mem- bers present were the Misses Mercedes Penna, Margaret Lahey, Marguerite Swengel, Anna Forbes, Lotta Day, Haziel Woolen, Gertrude Force, Alice Ream, Kathryn McLaughlin, Ger- trude McComb, Orpha Cole, and Rosina Boecher. The guests of the sorority were Misses Ruth Landrum, Edna Hoover of Rich- mond, Delia McClarney, and Mary Combes. MU ZETA. The Mu Zeta spent the afternoon of Satur- day, April 15, with Elizabeth Standiford and Vanessa Ratcliff. Saturday evening, April 29, the Mu Zetas were entertained by Emma Dwight and Pearl Anderson. After an evening of music, the 218 THE NORMAL ADVANCE girls enjoyed a most appetizing spread. Those present were Mabel Gosman, Freda Meyer, Minnie Hoberg, Helen Froeb, Henrietta Way, Helen Connor, Leone Kenton, Helen Smick, Vanessa Ratcliff, Lucy Applegate, and Eliza beth Standiford. Lucy Applegate has become a member of the Mu Zetas. 3117080 T18. The members of the Myosotis Chapter enter- tained with an Easter party, Saturday after- noon, April 15, at the home of Miss Esther Neukom, on North Eighth street. The afternoon was spent in playing progres- sive games. The score cards were attractive hand-painted affairs, decorated with for-get- me-nots and little yellow Chicks. Miss Stella Albright received a Harrison Fisher picture for being most successful in the games. A delicious two course luncheon was served in the dining room, the table being very ef- fectively decorated. In the center was a minia- ture barnyard enelosed by a little vine-covered wire fence, and occupied by a number of real, little, fluffy chickens. Daffodils were given as favors. The guests of the chapter were the Misses Vognild, Woody, Harper, Cast, and Jackson. The Myosotis girls present were the Misses Ada Tichenor, Olive J ohnson, Nellie Waller, Cora- del WVade, Helen Sale, Esther Neukom, Norma Failing, Letitia Ferree, Mary lVIcBeth, Stella Albright, Cecilia Black, Edna Harvey, and Lenora and NIinnie Rollings. Miss Nellie Waller entertained the Myosotis girls Saturday evening, April 29, at her home on North Eighth street. Three pledges, the Misses Mabel Woody, Alma Jackson and Leona Cast, were initiated and the program for the evening was unusually interesting. Dainty re- freshments were served at the close of the even- mg. TINTERN ABBEY. Sensations sweet Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart. :1 'r ti: ek $4 3k 31: Books cannot always please, however good; Minds are not ever craving for their food. eGeorge Crabbe, ctThe Borough Schoolsft THE NORMAL ADVANCE II 219 LOCAL and ALUMNI .Professors Turman and Laubach7 Mr. Asher and Mr. Carter attended the Manual Arts eX- hibit at Springfield, 111., May 3 and 4. Harry Davis7 109, visited Terre Haute, April 27. Oliver M. Leath spent May 6 and 7 with rela- tives and friends at Attica, Ind. Professor Bruce entertained his school class, April 29 Roy Julian Visited Normal friends Monday, May 1. Ernest Sanders of Hartford City was the guest of Olive J ohnson. Lauris Dobbins returned to his home at Shelbyville for the week end, May 6 and 7.- Carrie Seever and Edith Glenn were the guests of Ella Childress of Fairbanks, recently. Cora Nugent Visited her home at Elnora, Ind., May 5. Sunday Students in Botany III are very 21111110118 concerning the health of Mr. Bass, since he is working too hard. William L. Connor; ?10, of Troy, Ind., spent May 5 and 6 with Normal friends. was editor of the ADVANCE last year. Mr. Stewart, an alumnus of Normal and s11- perintendent 0f the Spencer schools, was in Terre Haute, May 8 and 9. ' Leela Moore. Visited at Martinsville, May 6 and 7. Hattie Cutshall will grotto; the University of , Mr. Connor ' Illinois to attend the Kappa Sigma Fraternity Formal, Saturday, May 13. She will be a guest at the Alpha Chi House. . Edith Brunker will go to Chicago to attend Illinois Day at Chicago University. Lorene Reilly, $09,. was the guest of the Goethner girls, May 7 and 8. Mr. Sink was with us May 5 and witnessed the defeat of the brave engineers. The Young Mens Bible Class at the First Methodist; church entertained the Young Ladies7 Class, Friday night, May 5. Many Nor- mal students were present. Mr. Julian visited. at Normal, May 9. Mr. Elzie Stewart becomes Very enthusiastic over a ball game. The day our boys played Danville he was upstairs and on hearing some one say Rah! Rah! Rah! Normal, he rushed down stairs at break-neck speed and said, ttDid Normal win again?7 In his rush to get down stairs he tore a tie to pieces. Rah! Rah! Rah! for loyal Stewart. The joke was that we had not heard from Danville, but were just rejoic- ing over a former Victory with ttPolyW Mr. Melvin Davis goes to Mooresville next year to teach mathematics and physics. We are very pleased to have the visiting board with us this week as we take notice our teachers act somewhat in the same manner that . we do when our County superintendent comes around. We desire that they come again. I A Book of Verses underneath the Bough, 1' A Jug of Wine, a Loaf 'of Bread-and Thou Beside me singing in the Wilderness- Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow! 252716 Rubaiyat of Omar Kimyyamf, 220 THE NORMAL ADVANCE EXCHANGES SeniorettDo you know What holds the sun up ?97 SophettNo; What W SeniOILJc Sun-beams. ti eEw. History Pupil-ttl want the LLife of Julius Caesar? it Librariane-ttSOrry, sir, but Brutus is ahead of you?7 eEm. J unior-JT am trying my best to get ahead? Seniore-ttHeaven knows, you need one?7 -Em. IN GEOJIETEY. TeacherettAnd have you proved this propo- sitionw Studentr-ttWell, tproved, is a strong word, but I can say that I have rendered it highly proimble?7 eThe Mamon cmd ?th'te. ProfettDont know that Ben Franklin once said: The early bird catches the worm?, ,i Freshman ccThere is something preying on Tardy Student-JtYes, but it serves the worm my mind? right, for he was the early riser? , Doctor-JtNever mind! It will soon starve? eEx. -EX. . If thought is the gold, style is the stamp Which makes it current, and says under What king it was issued. 07?. John Brown, H Mae Subsecival. 0131312 311112 ghhante . WILL CONTAIN PICTURES OF ALL SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONS SINGLE COPIES, 35 CENTS THE NQRMAL ADVANCE VOLUME XVI TERRE HAUTE, IND, JUNE, 1911 L 1 NUMBER 9 Number 222 THE NORMAL ADVANCE W Reproduction of the Painting of Vice-President Sandison Presented to the School by the Alumni Association, June 15, 1911 THE NORMAL ADVANCE 223 W STAFF AND BOARD 224 THE NORMAL ADVANCE President William Wood Parsons THE NORMAL ADVANCE 225 HOWARD SANDISON ELWOOD W. KEMP Professor of Psychology Professor of United States History ALBERT ROSS CHARMAN Professor of Methods and Practice ROBERT GREENE GILLUM LOUIS JOHN RETTGER Professor of Physics and Chemistry Professor of Physiology 226 THE NORMAL ADVANCE FRANCIS MARION STALKER ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM Professor of History of Education Librarian and Professor of Library Science CHARLES REDWAY DRYER Professor of Geography and Gaology WILLIAM THOMAS TURMAN MARY ELINOR MORAN Professor of Penmanship and Drawing Assistant Professor of Literature THE NORMAL ADVANCE 227 JOHN BENJAMIN WISELY OSCAR LYNN KELSO Professor of English Grammar and Composition Professor of Mathematics JOHN JACOB SCHLICHER Professor of Latin WILLIAM ALLEN McBETH , FRANK RAWDON HIGGINS Assistant Professor of Geography Assistant Professor of Mathematics 228 THE NORMAL ADVANCE FREDERICK GILBERT MUTTERER Profe ssor of German JOHN PATTON KIMMEL Professor of Physical Training OVIem FREDERICK HENRY WENG Assistant Professor of Latin ERLE ELSWORTH CLIPPINGER Assistant Professor of English Grammar and FRANK SMITH BOGARDUS Composition Professor of European History THE NORMAL ADVANCE 229 CHARLES HOMER BE AN ROSE MARIAN COX Assistant Professor of Psychology Assistant Professor of German ULYSSES ORANGE COX Professor of Botany and Zoology EDWIN M. BRUCE MERIT LEES LAUBACH Assistant Ptofzssor of Physics and Chemistry Professor of ManuaI Training 230 THE NORMAL ADVANCE SARAH SWIHART Assistant Professor of English Grammar and Composition JAMES HARVEY BAXTER Assistant Professor of Mathematics WILLIAM ORLANDO LYNCH Assistant Professor of History LAURA MINTURN ROSCOE RAYMOND HYDE Professor of Music Assistant Professor of Botany and Zoology THE NORMAL ADVANCE 231 EDITH BAILEY Physical Director for Women CHARLES BALDWIN BACON Professor of Reading and Public Speaking C. BERTHA SCHWEITZER Dean of Women . SELMA VOGNILD GUY C. HANNA Assistant Ptofzssor of Literature Principal Normal Training School 232 THE NORMAL ADVANCE ELIZABETH CRAWFORD Teacher of English, Training School MABEL BONSALL Teacher of Mathematics, Training School CAROLINE SCHOCH Teacher of German, Training School MINNIE E. WEYL MINNIE C. FROST Teacher of History, Training School Teacher of Sciznce, Training School THE NORMAL ADVANCE 233 HOWARD BYRNE Teacher of Latin, Training School TELULAH ROBINSON Grades 7 and 8, Training School ALMA McCRUM Grades 5 and 6, Training School EDITH BADER -ALICE M. WOODY Grades 3 and 4, Training School Grades 1 and 2, Training School 234 THE NORMAL ADVANCE ANNE CLARE KEATING Assistant Librarian MABEL E. MARSHALL Assistant Librarian HELEN M. CRANE Assistant Librarian MINNIE ELIZABETH HILL . EMMA AGNES SMITH Registrar Clerk THE NORMAL ADVANCE 235 JESSIE C. SIGLER Bookkeeper IVAH M. RHYAN Spring Assistant, Manual Training JESSIE ROBINSON Spring Assisfant, Psychology W. C. GOBLE ' ELMER A. ROW Spring Assistant, History Spring Assistant, Mathematics 236 THE NORMAL ADVANCE EDITH BLAYDES Spring Assistant, Grammar KATE V. BLACK Spring Assistant, Grammar OTTO CHRISTY Spring Assfstant, Methods MELVIN K. DAVIS jOHN HINES Laboratory Assistant and Spring Assistant, Spring Assistant, Manual Training Geography THE NORMAL ADVANCE 237 EMMA ABBOTT Spring Assistant, Music RAYMOND JARED Laboratory Assistant, Physics and Chemistry MILTON B. NUGENT Laboratory Assistant, Botany and Zoology FRED DONAGHY Laboratory Assistant, Physiology ' w 238 THE NORMAL ADVANCE A Brief History of the Past Year The present sketch is attempted in the thought that a brief account of the year 1910-11 at I. S. N. may reveal to some readers, at least, that more progress has been made than is evi- dent on the face of things and with the idea that some who carry this paper away with them will, in the future, find it suggestive of a train of memories of their life at Normal. It is interesting to note the attendance of the year. The enrollment on the Normal courses is as follows: Fall, 481; winter, 507; spring, 1048. The total, 2,036, is somewhat less than that for the corresponding period of last year. This fact is by no means unfavorable to I. S. N. Attendance fiuctuates from year to year, and it is quite probable that the decrease this year, coming as it does in the spring term, is due to many persons remaining at home, with the intention of takng advantage of the new twelve-weeks, summer term. The College Course attendance for the year shows a substantial growth of that course. This is evident from the following table: Fall Winter Spring Summer 1907-8 38 34 40 80 1908-9 64 58 61 92 1909-10 79 72 72 101 1910-11 76 80 131 Several important changes in the faculty oc- curred during the year. In the Training School, Miss Minnie VVeyl, I. S. N. 03, A. M. tCqumbizQ7 took charge of the history depart- ment, and Miss Frost filled Mr. Woodrowts place during his years absence. During the spring term, Mr. Guy C. Hanna, principal of the Training School, severed his connection with the institution, to accept a more desirable position as principal of the Boys Reform School of Indiana. During the remainder of the year, Miss Crawford has acted as principal, while 1V1r. Howard Byrn has had charge of the Latin department. The absence during the year of Prof. Curry, of the department of liter- ature in the Normal School, was sorely felt by the many students who have worked with him, but the size of the classes of Miss Moran and Miss Vognild was evidence that Mr. Curry,s work was well handled. Miss C. Bertha Schweitzer has just concluded her first year as Dean of Women. The removal of her office from its former cramped quarters to its present location suggests that she is a progressive, who is alive to the situation in which she finds her- self. Prof. J . P. Kimmel, Physical Director of Men, has resigned, and will he succeeded at the end of the spring term by Professor Bertram E. XViggins, of Lebanon College. Among the spring assistants who have taught at I. S. N. before are Ivah M. Rhyan, Domestic Science; J essie Robinson, Psychol- ogy; Emma Abbott, Music; and Edith Blaydes, Grammar. Others are Otto Christy, Methods; Elmer A. Row, Mathematics; Kate V. Black, and Thirza G. Parker, English, and Mr. Hines, Manual Training. All of this last group are graduates of the Normal. Mr. William C. Goble, assistant in History, has been superin- tendent of the Greenfield Schools for a number of years. The graduating class was one of the largest in the history of I. S. N. The oflicers were as follows: President, G. C. Summers; Vice-presi- dent, Adam Bowies; secretary, Etta M. Walter; treasurer7 J . W. Curry. This class distinguish- ed itself in a number of ways. Of course, first and foremost it graduated. But in addition, its members were caps and gowns. In so doing, it THE NORMAL ADVANCE followed the practice begun by the class of 1909, but not followed by the class of 1910. The College Course seniors, though consid- ered a part of the graduating class, deserve a special word. This course was established in 1907. Since, it has grown until it seems to be a permanent part of the work of I. S. N. This year the list of graduates totaled 17. We shall not repeat here the list which is given elsewhere in this number. A few events of the year will now be men- tioned. January 6, 1911 was the forty-first an- niversary of the opening of the Indiana State Normal, and appropriate exercises were carried out in Normal hall at 9 a. m. This is the second year that exercises have been held, and it is to be hoped that Anniversary Day may find a permanent and increasingly important place on the calendar of I. S. N. A number of beginnings were made along various lines that deserve mention. With the beginning of the spring term came the opening of a department of domestic science. The year has seen progress in the Training School. A school garden is being conducted by the school on the ground west of the library, and the pupils have launched a very creditable school paper, The Beverbemtor. An innovation along another line occurred on March 8, when the chapel period was given over to presenting I. S. NBS athletic heroes with large N,s to be worn as a mark of distinc- tion. This practice and all other movements that foster a legitimate interest in athletics should be carried on. It seems that the school has been somewhat behind along this line, but the present yearls record is encouraging. The work in basket ball was taken part in by a large number, but the varsity team failed to meet the success of the baseball team. It seems that the latter line is the stronghold of Normal in athletics. A review of the years work is to be found in the athletic column. Mention should be made also of the fact that much tennis work has been done on Parsons Field and that an inter-class track meet was held May 6. The athletic field has been greatly 239 improved, and taking all things into considera- tion, I. S. N. may be expected to better her past good account of herself. To the casual reader, it may seem that there is little organization in this discourse, when he passes from athletics to an increase in the an- nual term of work. Nevertheless, the author is endeavoring to speak of the changes that have come, somewhat in the order of their import- ance. The summer term will open on Monday, J une 19, and continue for twelve weeks, closing Fri- day, September 8. This is the first time in the history of the State Normal School that a summer quarter of twelve weeks has been maintained. Quite a great many years ago a summer term of six weeks was added to the regular school year. The number of students in attendance has grown steadily from a small beginning to more than 1,200 and the indications are that the com- ing summer term will be the largest in the his- tory of the school. Large numbers of teachers, the length of whose school terms are such as preclude their attending during other terms in the year, have signified their intention of be- ing present this year from six to twelve weeks. For the convenience of persons who wish to be present only six weeks, the summer term will be divided into two units of siX weeks each. Persons wishing to do six weeks work, thus making two credits, will have the opportunity to do this, while those wishing to do a full quarteras work can carry two subjects during each of the-two units of the term and make credits for the full quarter. All the work will be carried on by the regular faculty. When the extention of the summer term to a full quarter of twelve weeks was announced some weeks ago, it met the instant approval of the Normal School students and alumni, and county and city superintendents. A great many letters have been received commending this change from teachers who expect to be present during the full twelve weeks. Most of the class work will be done during the forenoon from eight to twelve, leaving the afternoons free for 240 library and laboratory work, and the use of the gymnasiums and athletic field. Special arrangements will be made, also, for recent high school graduates who wish to do the twelve weeks7 professional work required by law for the ttA,7 certificate. Provision will also be made for all returning ttAi, teachers who wish to work for the ttBi, certificate. It is probable that, in arranging the calendar for next year, there will be three spring terms, the first beginning about March 25, the second April 22, and the third, Blay 20, thus afford- ing the opportunity for persons completing their high school courses at different dates to enter the Normal School and do the twelve weeks, work required by law for the t931,7 certi- ficate. Thus7 with the summer term, there will be four different organizations of classes for the benefit of new students. It is the authors assumption that a historian should speak of the unpleasant, as well as the pleasant events. After reading what precedes this the reader should be prepared to meet the account. of one disaster without being disheart- ened. In debating, the years work does not measure 11p to the past. There were no inter- society debates nor oratorical contests. Two inter-state debates took place, under the terms of the new Triangular League, composed of Oshkosh OVisJ State Normal7 Normal Univer- sity, Normal, 111., and I. S. N. A detailed ac- count is reserved for the Oratorical League col- umn, but it may be said that though the local teams were defeated in both contests, they were honorable defeats. THE NORMAL ADVANCE Why isnt the interest in debating and ora- tory greater? The author realizes that his par- ticipation in the work somewhat disqualifies him for an impartial critic, but nevertheless the thought is ventured that the trouble is not with those who have had charge of these interests, but rather that such a small number of students have become interested in the work. It is to be regretted that such a small number seem to appreciate the permanent good that comes from such training and the pleasure it yields to the participants. In addition it is believed that this work is deserving of some financial support by the school itself, on the ground that it is a legitimate educative factor, that requires money for its support. It should be said, in conclu- sion, that the outlook for the future is bright. The success of I. S. Nfs representatives in their contests has been almost unanimous during the few years that the work has been established. The student organizations have done splendid work during the year. The Y. M. C. A. and Y. XV. C. A. have done much to promote the spiritual welfare of the student body. The former organization enrolled over 150 men as members during the year. This number is practically equal to the total number of men in school during the fall and winter terms. The XVomans League has done much, through its various Chapters for the social welfare of the women of the school. The literary societies have been active. A11 in all, the year 1910-11 has been a creditable addition to the history of In- diana State Normal School. Not from my torch, the gleam, But from the stars above: Not from my heart, life,s crystal stream, But from the depths of love. e-Ijea'uiy Van Dyke. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 241 HENRY. CHURCHILL KING, D. D., LL. D. President of Oberlin College Who Delivered the Commencement Addresg 242 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Commencement Program BACCALAUREATE EXERCISES. Sunday, June 11, 10:30 a. 111., Normal Hall. AnthemeO Worship the King, J. H. Maunder Prayer. Vocal Solo. By MISS MINTURN. Baccalaureate Address. By REV. J. D. STANLEY, Indianapolis, Ind. O Gladsome Light, from The Golden Legend Sullivan By Normal School Chorus. SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES NORMAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL Monday, June 12, 8 :00 p. m., Normal Hall. Piano SOIO-Scherzo ................. Heller By ERNA BRAUN-HAHN. Prayer. Chorus-Anchored .................. Watson By the High School. Address. SUPERINTENDENT B. F. MOORE, Muncie, Ind. Vocal SoloeGoodbye .................. T082573 By GLADYS J OLLEY. Presentation of Diplomas. By PRESIDENT WM. W. PARSONS. ChoruseCome t0 the FaireFrom Martha Von Flotow By the High School. J UNIOR RECEPTION TO SENIOR CLASS. Tuesday, June 13, 8:00 p. m. SENIOR COMPLIMENTARY ENTERTAINMENT. Wednesday, June 14, 8 :00 p. m. ANNUAL MEETING ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. Thursday, J une 15, 2 :30 p. 111., Training School Assembly Hall. Music. Address of the President of Association. Music. Presentation of Portrait of Vice-President Howard Sandison. By PROFESSOR A. R. CHARMAN. Acceptance of Portrait. MR. B. F. LOUTHAIN, 0f the Board of Trustees, Logansport, Ind. AddresseEdueational Processes. By VICE-PRESIDENT HOWARD SANDISON. Music. Social Hour. ANNUAL RECEPTION TO THE GRADUATING CLASS AND THE ALUMNI. Thursday, June 15, 8:00 p. 111., Library Building. GRADUATING EXERCISES-vSENIOR CLASS. Friday, June 16, 9:30 a. 111., Normal Hall. ChorusHHow Beautiful Upon the Mountains eFrom St. J 07m By J. C. D. PARKER. Prayer. Waltz SongeFrom Faust ............ Gounod AddresseReverence for Personality. By DR. HENRY C. KING, President Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. Hail! Great Hero Hail IeFrom Lohengrin W'agnerr. Presentation of Diplomas and Certificates. By the President of the School. Rejoice! For Blessings 1R0und Us Fall mem Ruth By A. R. GAUL. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 243 Roll Call of Class of 1909 COLLEGE COURSE Will E. Edington, instructor in mathematics, Brazil High School. Orelle Fidlar, instructor in drawing, Brazil High School. Dorothea Pearl Finley7 instructor in Latin7 Kingman, High School. NORMAL Clyde T. Amick, superintendent, Elnora. Mrs. Mary F. Barker, Angola. Phoebe C. Benedict, Marion. George G. Benham, assistant principal, Clay City. Fay Boone, Carlisle. Heve H. Boyd, Scipio. Walter Brumiiel, superintendent llaithmvs. J essie M. Brown, Terre Haute. Edward O. Bundy, Salem, Ind. Edward Bytes, principal of high school, Fayetteville, Ark. Eurus R. Carr, Vincennes. J Ohn V. Clark, Albuquerque, N. M. Clyde E. Cohee, principal of Hillsburg schools. Georgiana Copp, La Otto. J ames W. Cory, Eaton. Maude Crooke, Odon. Harry E. Davis, principal of Lakeville High School. V 91121 Voyle Davis, assistant in high school, Pine Village. Estelle Doerschuk, Albert Lange School, Terre Haute. Bertha Ebbert, teacher in Indianapolis. Ethel F. Evans, Terre Haute. James R. Everett, principal of New Win- chester schools. Halcie E. Fair, teacher in grades, Conners- Ville. Wiley Hitchcock, principal, Blonrovia High School. Wade H. Langford, chemistry and physics, Tuskeegee Institute, Tuskeegee, Ala. Louise Marian Sammis, Latin, Occidental jollege, Los Angeles, Cal. Grace Virginia VVeiHs, Terre Haute, Ind. COURSES Oscar Farris, head of history department, Ft. Scott MKanJ High School. Iva J . F erree, second grade, Connersville. Sarah Adelaide Fleming, head of depart- ment of modern languages, Vincennes Univer- sity. Crawford FOX, superintendent, Walton. Winfield M. Fox, teacher of science, Elwood High School. Elizabeth Gerwig, Muncie. Mae A. Glockner, Lawrence, Ind. Blabel J . Gossman, Terre Haute. Florence Hall. Blanch Hanley, high school, Riley. George Hamlin, superintendent, VVilhams- burg. Minnie Hoberg, Terre Haute. Helen Hopewell, teacher of drawing, Roach- dale. Henry Hoover, superintendent of Chester High School. Elizabeth H1111, Sullivan. Edward E. Hylton, mathematics department, Wiley High School. Helen J ackson, Terre Haute. Mildred Jackson, Terre Haute. Anita Jaenisch, teacher of German, Green- wood School, Terre Haute. Susie Jaques, principal of Kempton High School. Nelle Irene J ohnson, New Harmony. 244 Loris J ulian, Kempton. William F. Kamman, Ebberfelt. Minnie M. Kaufman, Terre Haute. Howard A. Kesler, principal of New Rich- mond High School. Mae Lamb, teacher in Muncie. Morton Lamb, Linden. Harry 0. Lanning, Sweetzer. Florence Adelaide Lee, Terre Haute. J ames E. Lewis, Bryant. Ada Manion, Greensburg. Della lVIanion, Surfries. Sara Martin, Indianapolis. superintendent of schools, Theodore IVIaI-tin, superintendent, Nmrth Salem. Ezra Michael, principal of high school, Edin- burg. Gertrude Miller, Denver, Colorado. Charles H. lVIoney, principal of high school, Darlington. Bessie Montgomery, Edinburg. J essie M. Moore, Terre Haute. H. L. Moreland, superintendent high school, La Gro. John M. lVIcCarter, superintendent, Prairia Creek, Vigo County. Helen Juanita McClain, teacher of science, Farmersburg High School. Edna M. Newton, Clinton. Anna C. Paul, teacher in Building No. 54: Indianapolis. Homer Phillips, Linton. Ena Effa Pletcher, Rochester. Ezra Porter, Morocco. Vdeceasedy Frances Ruth Ralston, Brazil. Ella Reider, Lincoln. 'Lorena Reiley, teacher of Latin and grades at Laurel. V? q? vllrx. MK Xl$$ THE NORMAL ADVANCE Beulah Reinhart, teacher in grades, Elkhzu't. Mary Elizabeth Rittman, Terre Haute. Mary E. Rogers, Terre Haute. Elizabeth Roman, Comus, Wash. George W. Rowe, student at Wabash College. Herschel Z. Rynerson, Clayton. lVIabeI F. Sage, Imperial, Cal. gernard H. Shockel, student at University Of Chicago. Otto Park. Raleigh Schorling7 ,11, University of LVIichi- gan. Viuttie Scranage, teacher in grades, Goshen. Annalee Shortridge, Terre Haute. Hazel Shortridge, teacher of nutthematics, Jasonville High School. Minnie May Slaughter, student at Indiana University. NIaI'y E. Smith, Mt. Vernon. Ernest Stirwalt, 7117 University of Michigan. Harry H. Stodghill, principal of Benton- ville Schools. L. E. Swails, county superintendent, Marion County, Undianapohsy Mary Blanche Taugher, Vincennes. Joseph E. Teder, Hazelton. Estelle L. Thurston, Mt. Ayr. Violet E. Toph, Terre Haute. Estelle Trogden, Vermillion, Ill. Elmer Warner, rural school, Petroleum. P. M Watson, superintendent, Pimento. Lanna M .VVilson. Lena Wilson, teacher at Mooresville. Cora Wise, primary teacher, New Trenton. Helen VVOod, Clinton. . iVTaI'garet M. Yunker, Mt. Vernon. Clifford Zetterberg, principal, Clarksville. Schoeppel, superintendent at River x0 $g ,5 N34 2e 6Nxx4x THE NORMAL ADVANCE 245 GRADUATING CLASS COLLEGE AND NORMAL COURSES G. C. SUMMERS, President ADAM BOWLES, Vice-Presidznt The graduating class is an organization com- posed of all persons graduating from the Col- lege and Normal courses. These two courses Iliailltain separate organizations throughout the year, but the fact that there are interests com- mon to both courses make such an organization necessary. The most important point of com- mon interest is the Senior complimentary en- tertainment which will be given J une 14. Byron ETTA M. WALTER, Secretary j. W. CURRY, Treasurer King, president of Kings School of Oratory of Pittsburg, Will give the address. A11 assessment has been made upon each Senior to defray the expenses of this enter- tainment and all surplus money Will be given to the Students Fund of the Indiana State Nor- mal. The amount which the class Will be able to give to this fund is estimated to be three hun- dred dollars. THE SUN DIAL AT WELLS COLLEGE. The shadow by my finger cast Divides the future from the past: Before it sleeps the unborn hour In darkness, and beyond thy power: Behind its unreturning line, The vanished hour, no longer thine; One hour alone is in thy hands, The now 011 which the shadow stands. chm Dyke. College Course OFFICERS ALFRED BYERS, President, All Year LEE V. BRINTON, Treasurer, FaII and Winter HARRIET BADER, Vice-Ptes., Spring CLEONE STUBBS, Secretary, Fall and Winter MARY McBETH, Artist, Spring MARIE RUCKER, Szctetary, Spring CLEM THOMPSON, Treasurer, Spring THE NORMAL ADVANCE 247 CORADEL WADE, Terre Haute, Ind. Major Mathematics. HELEN MARGARET CONNOR, Terre Haute, Ind. Maj0r Gc1-man. ADA TICHENOR, Princeton, Ind. Major HiSt0ry. 248 THE NORMAL ADVANCE MILTON B. NUGENT, Elnora, Ind. Maj0r B0tany. HOWARD WFBYRN, Georgetown, Ind. Major Latin. Taught Latin in Training High School, spring term. ELMER A. ROW, Clay City, Ind. Major-Chemistry. A Ciceronian. Spring assistant in Mathematics. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 249 THERSA WEHR, Terre Haute, Ind. 1VIajor-Latin. ETTA M. WALTER, Roanoke, Ind. MajorMHistory. BLANCHE REINHART, Boston, Ind. Major Hist0ry. 250 THE NORMAL ADVANCE S1111 1111-1111;.- RAYMOND JARED, Terre Haute, Ind. Major-AChemistry. ALVIN CECIL KIBBEY, Jamestown, Ind. MajortEuropean History. Valedictorian, Class of 1907, Central Normal College, Danville, Ind. I. S. N. S. representative, State Oratorical Contest, 1910. HARRIET A. BADER, Terre Haute, Ind. Major1History. ,rx . THE NORMAL ADVANCE 25 CLEONE STUBBS, Terre Haute, Ind. Maj0r Hist0ry. HENRIETTA WAY, Terre Haute, Ind. Major German. HELEN FROEB, Terre Haute, Ind. Major-German. 252 THE NORMAL ADVANCE GEORGE A. SPOTTS, Hope, Ind. Major Bio10gy. MARGARET LAHEY, Terre Haute, Ind. Muj0r E11g1ish. THE, NORMAL ADVANCE Normal Senior Class OFFICERS 253 G. C. SUMMERS, President, Fall A. W. YOUNGBLOOD, President, Winter W. E. TENNELL, President, Spring j. W. CURRY, Treasurer, Entire Year j. C. CORN, Vice-President; Spring GEORGIA L. COLE, Secretary, Fall MINNA WISSING, Editor LOUISE PETERS, Secretary, Spring 4 THE NORMAL ADVANCE NELLE BROADHURST, West Union, Ill. KATE V. BLACK, West Terre Haute, Ind. THIRZA PARKER, Terre Haute, Ind. HELEN HELT, Clinton, Ind. GEORGIA LENA COLE, English, Ind. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 255 WILLIAM E. TENNELL, Greentown, Ind. ANNE LOUISE PRICE, Brazil, Ind. GROVER C. SUMMERS, Greentown, Ind. ARPY ELIZABETH CURRY, Terre Haute, Ind. A. W. YOUNGBLOOD, Yankeetown, Ind. 256 THE NORMAL ADVANCE ELZIE L. STEWART, Tower, Ind. A Daedalian. ANNA R. BLACK, Terre Haute, Ind. ERNEST L. WELBORN, Mt. Vernon, Ind. A Ciceronian. LOLA KNOST, Brownstown, Ind. CARSON REBSTOCK, Knox, Ind. THE NORMAL ADVANCE CLYDE C. HILLIS, Michigantown, Ind. Member of Forum. EVA MARIE KEHRER, Rockport, Ind. VICTOR H. ASBURY, Newport, Ind. Member of Forum. KATHERINE L. KEHRER, Rockport, Ind. THURL POTTENGER, Claypool, Ind. 257 258 THE NORMAL ADVANCE LUCILE C. FRUND, Vincennes, Ind. EDITH M. SAMUELS, Terre Haute, Ind. LYDIA GRABBE, Freelandville, Ind. M. MAE BROOKING, Bedford, Ind. MARY K. GROFF, Shelbyville, Ind. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 259 ' W CLARA LAWRENCE, Marion, Ind. NELLIE H. M.EHLEY, N67 Palegt'ne, Ini VANESSA RATCLIFF, Russiaville, Ind. ANNA M. OREBAUGH, Shelbyville, Ind. EMMA DWIGHT, Elkhart, Ind. 1O THE NORMAL ADVANCE CLIFFORD FUNDERBURG, Huntington, Ind. A Ciceronian. NORMA C. FAILING, Terre Haute, Ind. JAMES C. MCBRIDE, Cyclone, Ind. Superintendent at Michigantown, 1911-12. ORA 1STROLE1 FISHER, Linton, Ind. OSCAR H. SCHOPMEYER, Poland, Ind. THE NORMAL ADVANCE ELIZABETH PEYTON, Terre Haute, Ind. J. W. CURRY, Whiteland, Ind. Member of Forum. Treasurer of Graduating Class. Senio'r Representative 0n Advance Board. JESSIE ANDREW, Terre Haute, Ind. ONIS H. HORRALL, Cannelburg, Ind. LOUISE M. W. PETERS, Rushville, Ind. 261 262 THE NORMAL ADVANCE MAE KERN, West Terre Haute, Ind. CHARLES E. WALK, Georgetown, Ind. MARY POUND, Terre Haute, Ind. CHARLES E. YORK, Laurel, Ind. Member Of Varsity Baseball Team, 1910-11. Will teach next year. ROSE M. GILLESPIE, Tipton, Ind. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 263 ANNE FORBES, Vincennes, Ind. JENNIE ANNA KING, Dallas, Ind. A. W. McCracken, Martinsville, Ind. MARY VIOLET HAYWARD, Turner, Ind. ELSIE BOULDS, Lafayette, Ind. 264 THE NORMAL ADVANCE S. J. ALEXANDER, Winslow, Ind. STELLA M. ALBRIGHT, Terre Haute, Ind. ADAM L. BOWLES, Terre Haute, Ind. say ETHELYN A. KEPLEY, Linton, Ind. MELVIN K. DAVIS, Bedford, Ind. Principal of Mooresville High School next year. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 265 INA M. POCOCK, Orland, Ind. MABEL SUTTON, Bloomington, Ind. HOMER A. HIGGINS, Lizton, Ind. LEOLA MOORE, Bainbridge, Ind. CLAUDIA MILLER, Borden, Ind. 266 THE NORMAL ADVANCE LELA F. O BRIEN, Cloverdale, Ind. CALVIN H. PFINGST, Circleville, Ohio. A Ciceronian. Principal Effmgham HID High School next year. NELLIE CLARK, Dale, Ind. JOHN M. EDDY, Bloomington, Ind. A Daedalian. MAY LIDIKAY, Georgetown, Ind. Will teach in New Albany. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 267 MYRTLE E. SCOTT, Goodland, Ind. MARGARET KILLROY, Terre Haute, Ind. ERNEST TATLOCK, Salem, Ind. PEARL PRICE, Terre Haute, Ind. GRACE KEISER, Terre Haute, Ind. 268 THE NORMAL ADVANCE NELL FLESHER, Terre Haute, Ind. ED M. GIFFORD, Windfall, Ind. DALE MATTHEWS, Hamilton, Ind. Graduate of TrirState College. ARVILLE 0. DE WEESE, Principal Of New Salisbury High School. GRACE W. LOVE, Terre Haute, Ind. Studied vocal culture at Terre Haute Conservatory of Music, 1908-9. Was supply pipe organist at the First M. E Church three years. Solo soprano at Central Christian Church the past two years. THE NORMAL ADVANCE I 269 MRS. BERTHA HOLMAN KEITH, Vincennes, Ind. TILLIE A. VON TOLGA, Franklin, Ind. BESSIE M. BURLEY, Marion, Ind. MARY ALMA DUNLAP, Indianapolis, Ind. Graduate of Franklin College. MABEL E. BROWN, Marion, Ind. 270 THE NORMAL ADVANCE EMMA TAYLOR, Aurora, Ind. BASIL U. BYRN, Georgetown, Ind. Member of Forum. KATE COLVIN, Pekin, Ind. CHARLES C. JONES, Michigantown, Ind. JEANETTE BAKER, Agrora, Ind. THE NORMAL ADVANCE GLENN MORGAN, Terre Haute, Ind. CORA CRITCHLOW, La Fontaine, Ind. OLIVE J. BROWN, Elkhart, Ind. PEARL G. CROSGRAVE, Muncie, Ind. MYRTLE E. TINKHAM, Carlisle, Ind. 271 272 .. THE NORMAL ADVANCE MARY LOUISE JAENISCH, Terre Haute, Ind. Member German Club. JOHN C. CORN, Winslow, Ind. A Daedalian. Principal Velpen High School, 1908-10. MINNA WISSING, Knightstown, Ind. BESSIE M. SMITH, Winona, Ind. WILLIAM L. BASS, Stendal, Ind. A Daedalian. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 273 CANDACE HUFFMAN, Indianapolis, Ind. JESSIE HOOD, Martinsville, Ind. ROBERT A. ROBERTS, New Albany, Ind. Principal of Scribner High School, New Albany, Ind, since 1905. JOSEPHINE HOOD, Martinsville, Ind. DAISY L. BISHOP, Terre Haute, Ind. 274 THE NORMAL ADVANCE PAULINE A. HUMMERICH, Freelandville, Ind. WILLIAM A. LUCAS, Nashville, Ind. PEARL ANDERSON, New Castle, Ind. STELLA L. DICKEY, Terre Haute, Ind. ELLA L. MORFORD, Bippus, Ind. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 2'75 HAZIEL WOOLLEN, Terre Haute, Ind. HELEN LEE SMICK, Terre Haute, Ind. PERRY W. KISER, Cromwell, Ind. MRS. ETHEL M. WELLS, Alexandria, Ind. LUELLA MAPES, Paris, Ill. 276 THE NORMAL ADVANCE GEORGE E. CARTER, Sweetser, Ind. GEORGE F. LEWIS, Valleymills, Ind. Principal of Pittsboro High School, 190778. Superintendent of Valley Mills Township High School, 1908711. MONROE MELTON, English, Ind. KASPER SHANNER, Princeton, Ind. J. FRED DONAGHY, Ossian, Ind. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 277 LEO HOPKINS, ' Loogootee, Ind. MRS. ALTA BIDWELL, Terre Haute, Ind. JACOB A. SHOEMAKER, Bluffton, Ind. CORA M. DE WEESE, Plainfield, Ind. WM. C. GANTS, Syracuse, Ind. 2'78 THE NORMAL ADVANCE The Burning of the Luckenbeck By PERRY W. KISER The Southern Cross had passed from View; the oloudless sky was losing its brilliancy; al- ready the western winds were tempering the decks and giving the passengers new life; we were nearing home. With every new gust there were wafted to us fresh odors from our native land. Every toss of the ship brought us one wave nearer harbor. Unfortunately, we had passed through the calm belt between noon and midnight, and, as a result, had not been able to see a perfect sun- rise, such as always occurs there. Such a sight, in mid ocean, is a rare occurrence, and one not often beheld by the occasional voyager. The night mists do not clear in time, or they roll away toward the horizon, to become afternoon Clouds for other worlds, giving one a first View of the sun only after it has been an hour or more out of its morning bath. I retired early, planning to be among the very first on deck the next morning. As I was entering my state-room, the captain passed, on his way to the pilot-house. He nodded pleas- antly. ctSo early inW tires? I answered. your promise? ctA sailor7s promise doesnt mean much in these latitudes?7 ttThen you think it will not be fair tomor- rowW ttI dont know. mackerel sky, not three days dry. ttThat is a good sign on land? ccAnd an uncertain one on the water. night? ttGood-night, Captain Lewis?7 ttI have not forgotten See yonder fleeces? tA 797 Good- When I awoke, the first gray streaks of dawn were flecking the sky. I hastily dressed and went out upon the deck, walking to the for- ward end. The air was so much cooler that even a landsman could not help knowing we were in higher latitudes. And the horizon, which had just begun to be Visible, was as clear as one could wish. I felt that now my whim was to be gratified, and at last I should see an ocean sunrise7 clear and beautiful. wWe are going north, are we notW asked a fellow passenger, coming up to me, and lean- ing against a stanchion for support. I ttWe should be, at leastf I replied. HThen why is the dawn on our leftW ttIt is on our right? 4tBut it is on our left, toof, At this point the captain came hurrying along the deck, and ran directly up to the tur- ret. In his hand he carried a pair of field- glasses, which he trained upon the bright sky- line at our left. He hastily descended and en- tered the pilot-house. Soon the buzzing of signal bells could be heard, even above the Vibration of the ships machinery. This vibration was immediately and pereeptibly quickened. The pilot tugged Violently at his wheel, and almost before we were aware, the prow of the boat was pointing directly toward the west. At the same time a bright ball of fire seemed to lift itself out of the water, in the distance. It grew larger and larger until there was no possibility of mistaking it- for the sun. But nobody seemed able to answer the gen- eral inquiry as to what it was. The sailors had suddenly grown uneommunicative, and the of- ficers were all at their various stations, and therefore inaccessible. 4gWe are going pretty fast, it seems to me? I ventured this remark to a gentleman who just then came up. His demeanor marked him THE NORMAL ADVANCE as having had considerable experience upon the water. I felt that he would be able to suggest a reason for the blaze, the increased speed, the change of our course, and the sudden reticence of the officers and crew. 4tYes, but I fear not fast enoughj, he said. uThen it is serious! What is it?7 ccDontt you knowV I confessed ignorance. He looked at me as if to discern my sincerity before answering. ttIt is a ship on fire? ttHow far away do you think it isW ttA good hour, at this rate, I dare say? How the water hissed from under us! How the quiver of audible effort ran through the vast bulk of the great ship! Yet it seemed as if we never would get any nearer. Our pro- gress, seemed so slow. There was no way by which we could mark the speed in this long race. In an hour we were within reading distance of the wreck. Already a revenue cutter was upon the scene, and our captain ordered out his signal flags. Everyone made a rush for his state-room to get the general code cards. I re- turned in time to see the first row of streamers go up to the most head. that ship is thatW our signals read. ttThe Luckenbeck, from Charleston t0 Phila- delphia, with lumberf answered the signals from the government boat. ttThe crewW CiSeyensall saved? All this time our boat had not stopped, but was circling about the burning freighter, wid- ening the foamy path left by the rescue ship. There were some signals displayed which we 279 could not interpret. Evidently they were of a nature not to be made public. But presently they became intelligible again. ttCan I aid youW, gtNof? was the reply, after some little delay, probably occasioned by a conference between the rescued seamen and their rescuers. 4tMy ship will take the men to Norfolk, after we have stood by until the wreck breaks and sinks? At luncheon that day the captain had so far regained his composure as to become talkative again. I ventured to ask him about the incident of the early morning. ttIt is the duty of every sea craft to aid those in distress. This is international law. Besides, its only human. After we had passed far enough away to be out of danger, the cutter will shoot into the burning lumber ship, and hasten its destruction. That is another require- ment on the high seaeto destroy any thing likely to interfere with the free sailing of ves- sels. Otherwise the wreck would have burned to the water line and then have floated about, perhaps for weeks, endangering every vessel that happened near it? ccThose poor tars will have a gloomy Sab- bathfi interposed a woman at our table. ttYes, but it could have been worse;7 I re, plied. Luncheon was over. As the party arose from the table, the captain turned to me and chuckled: thid you see that sunrise you were looking for'Pi he asked. I had forgotten to look, and our voyage would be over before another one. ONE IVORLD. , The worlds in which we live at heart are one, The world ttI amf, the fruit of ttI have donegii And underneath these words of flowers and fruit, The world ch love,i,ethe only living root. -H. Van Dyke. THE NORMAL ADVANCE Cicerds InHuence in the Course of Twenty Centuries By F. H. WENG Two thousand years ago, this year, Cicero was a young man, just entering upon that very ae- tive life that was to exert an influence upon our civilization, such as is rarely found in his- tory. Professor Th. Zielinski, 0f the University of St. Petersburg, has traced this influence in his book entitled Cicero rim TVMMM dead Jcclw'llziun- dertc, and in this article I shall give a few of his conclusions. Christian civilization is distinguished from other civilizations in three respects: religious, intellectual and political. These phases appear- ed in the three great epochs of tly the spread of Christianity, to the Renaissance, and Gil the age of enlightenment t,Aufklarungy7 and upon each of them Cicero had a marked intim- enee, as we shall show below. He was brought up in a Circle of people who were inHuenced by the principles of the Scipios and he7 as they had done, loved, above every- thing in the world that republican constitution of Home that was doomed to death. He was isolated in his position. Courageously he 0p- pesed the injustice of Sulla, and he defended the rights of the oppressed people, not only in Rome but also in the provinces, as his orations against the infamous Vel'res and others show. XVhen P0111 pey became the most prominent man in Rome, Cicero attached himself to him be- cause he saw in him a 1 ep1'esentati0n 0f the Scipionie ideas, and he wished to be Ponipey7s adviser and friend as Laelins had been to the younger Scipio. Later Democracy tCaisarl and Anarchy tUlodiusy join hands. Cicero is ban- ished, but soon recalled only to lind the repub- lican constitution shattered. His letters of this time show that he thought Caisar would be the Victor in the Civil XVar, still he was true to his politi :al ideals and took sides with the senate and Pmnlwy. Political disappointments and family sor- rows drove him hack to the pleasant studies of his youth, to philosophy, for consolation. But he still possessed too much vitality merely to he consoled. He now strove to acquaint his people with Greek philosophy, and in all the history of civilization there are few periods that can compare in results with the short, stay of Cicero on his Tusculan estate during the supremacy of Caesar. At Caesars death in 44 B. C. he hoped to 1'0- stere the republic, but this hope received its death-hlow when he fell the next year by the hands of an assassin. Cicei'o7s political ideas fell with him never to be revived. But his liter- ary activities lived after him. Of these there are three kinds: orations, letters and essays. F irrst Ucmfm'y. That Augustus, the first Roman emperor, thought well of Cicero is shown by the following incident that Plutarch records. The emperor surprised one of his little grandsons as he was reading Cicero. The boy hurriedly tucked the book under his garment, but the emperor took it from hini7 read in it, himself for some time, then handed it back With the words: that master of eloquence, my child, and a faithful son of his country? Cicero fell into the background in the genera- tion following his own, but he was revived by Quintilian in the second half of the century. This most famous professor of rhetoric that Rome produced constantl y referred his students to Cicero as the only man whose style could he followed without danger. From that time on Cicero was almost constantl y read in schools on account of his purity of diction. Tacitus, the historian, whose works are still THE NORMAL read in all colleges and who possesses a force- ful originality of style, asknowledged Cicero as the source from which he gained his power of expression. And Pliny the Younger, who gives us the graphic description of the eruption of Vesuvius in 69 A. D. in one of his letters to his friend Tacitus, constantly refers to Cicero as his model. Second Century. Christianity vas now be- coming a dominant force in the Roman empire. What did Cicero mean to the early Christians? The main defenders of Christianity said, ttNothing at all? Tertullian, for instance, says: ttVVe have no more need of philosophy. Now that we have Christ, we donit need to think for ourselves at all. If only we have faith, nothing more is necessary? The earliest discussion of the relative merits of the heathen and the Christian religions is found in a little book written at this time by Minucius Felix, entitled Octavius. It is model- ed in part upon Cicero7s essay D6 iVatmaa Demwm tconeerning the nature of the godsl Third Oenrtmey. This is a century of moral decay and decline of lite ature as well as one of persecution of Christians. Laotantius is one of the ablest writers of the century. He was con- verted to Christianity and became a champion of the new religion. He vas an admirer of Cicerols style and shows the inHuenee of Cicei'ols mo 1al essays in many of his works. Fourth Century. The influence that ancient philosophy had upon the early church fathers must have been very great, in spite of their ef- forts to throw it off as something unbecoming to Christians. Clemens of Alexandria calls ancient philosophy the Sirens, song for Chris- tians. This seems to have been literally true in the case of St. Jerome, who lived the latter half of the fourth century. He says in one of his books: ttI could not induce myself to give up the library that I had gathered in Rome, and in spite of myself I would often find my- self Closing a day of prayer and fasting by reading Cicero. So mightily has that old snake ensnared me?7 Later a serious illness befell him, and in his delirium he imagined he was taken DVANCE 281 before the Heavenly Judge and accused of be- ing not a Christian but a Cioeronian. And he imagined that he there vowed that if he ever again read a secular book, the Lord should treat, him as a renegade. But he could not give up Cicero, and he often cites him in his works. Cicerols philosophical and religious works had an immense influence over him, and from him over all the Christian world, particularly through his translation of the Bible from the Greek into the Latin. It vas his translation that was later called the Vulgate, which I be- lieve is still the standard Bible of the Catholic church. St. J erome was once accused at a church council by a priest named Rufinus for breaking his oath to God that he would refrain from us- ing secular books. He defended himself by saying that he could not drink of the fabled river Lethe and forget the past; and that what he had learned before that time X'as his right- ful possession. He then, in turn, asked his ae- eusel', whence he had derived his large vocabu- lary, his intri bate thoughts and his many idioms, closing his defense by saying, ttEither I am mistaken or you read your Cicero in secret? This Rufinus did not deny. St. Ambrose, another of the church fathersa wrote a book falled Dc Ojfiniis Jlinistmrmm. This is practically a translation of Cicerois Dc 0 701758 into Christian terminology. Through him Cicerois ethics became the ethics of Chris- tianity, for this book became the standard book of morals for all Christians, and remained so for several centuries. St. Augustine, the pride of the western vhureh, whose life extended well into the fifth century, tells in his confessions that after lead- ing a vayi 'ard life. he was converted to Chris- tianity by reading Cicerols szfenfius, a phil- osophical work, which showed him the vanity of a life without ideals and turned his thoughts to higher things, i. e. to God. illiddle Ages. ebb and entirely in the hands of the church, so we may briefly consider Cicero7s relation to the Learning was now at a low 282 church. His influence upon Christianity was not through his orations nor his letters, which were not read at all in the early centuries, but through his philosophical writings, as we have seen. What could they offer Christianity? licero distinguished three phases of religion: poetical tinytihologyl, civil trituali, and phil- osophical tdogmatiei. These were really three religions to him. The temple of the first was the theater and its priests were the poets; ritu- alistic religion was obligatory for all Roman citizens. It was merely formal, and not at all a matter of faith or belief. The philosophical religion was only for the upper Classes, who were far above the masses in culture and intelli- gence. This was not uniform because each man did his own thinking. SO Cicerojs philoso- phical works did not follow any one school, but they represented his own individual views. His religion was that Of common sense. It was positive in those phases that were necessary for the maintenance of human society; namely, in morals. It was negative in matters pertaining to the supernatural. He did not believe in the supernatural and considered such belief super- fluous. He did positively believe in two things, the existence of a God and the immortality of the soul. In other matters he was sceptical. Thus the church eagerly followed Cieer07s language, and even accepted some of his posi- tive philosophy, but its spirit was diametrically opposed to Cicerols, for while the religious views of the upper classes had nothing in come men with the worship of the masses in Cicerojs time, these two phases of Christianity, dogma and worship, are inseparably united, a fact that accounts for the rising of the masses to a higher plane of civilization under Christianity. During the Middle Ages all classical litera- ture was neglected and nearly forgotten, ex- cept the historians Livy and Tacitus, and Virgil, who was read partly for the sake of his poetry, but mainly because it was supposed that in his fourth eelogue he prophesied the coming of Christ, and because allegorical meanings were put into his ZEneid. But Cicero, as such, THE NORMAL ADVANCE was almost forgotten though some of his tenets had crept into the teachings of the church. The Renaissance. In the Middle Ages the masses had swallowed up the individuals, but the Renaissance is characterized by its individ- uality. The leaders of the movement, the hu- manists, had a longing to separate themselves from the world and to devote their lives to poetry, philosophy and art. Of all men of antiquity Cicero was best adapted to be their guide, owing to the ttright of choice? which he practiced and taught. So Petrareh, the recog- nized leader of the humanists, who has been well-named 4:the first modern man? got inter- ested in Cicero in his youth and always ad- mired him. He once addressed an imaginary letter to Cicero in which he says: ttThou art that living fountain from whose stream we water our meadows, thou art that leader, whose directions we follow, whose approval is our joy, and Whose name is our adornment? Wle owe to Petrareh and his immediate sue.- cessors about half of all of Cieerols extant works, particularly do we owe to them the dis- covery, in 1345, of Cicerols correspondence with his friend Atticus and his brother Quintus. Through these letters Inen learned to know Cicero as a personality. For a thousand years prior to this time he had been merely a con- eept, not a personality. Petrareh, for instance, had pictured Cicero as a faultless wise man, and he says that he was at first disappointed to learn of Cicerols weaknesses through his letters. ' Directly attributable to these letters of Cicero are the personal, familiar letters of the human- ists, which form the most interesting and re- freshing reading of that period. Cicero was easily the most prominent figure in the Renais- sanee. Reformation. As the doctrine of salvation, not by works, but by faith alone, gained ground, of course, Cieerols philosophy lost ground. Still Luther spoke well of Cicero in his table talks, et al. In one place he contrasts him With Aristotle, whose ability and greatness he did not at all appreciate, and says: ttCicero THE NORMAL ADVANCE 283 ENE is far superior to Aristotle, that lazy ass, who had plenty of money and property and idle days, for Cicero treated of the very finest of philosophical discussions: Whether there is a God? What God is? Whether he takes in- terest in human affairs or not? and he argued that there must be an immortality of the souly In another place he says: qu a man wants to learn real philosophy, let him read Cicero? And finally he makes this statement: ttCieero was a wise and diligent man, who sulfered much. I hope God will be gracious to him and to those like him. We must hold to the words of Scripture: tHe that believeth and is bap- tized shall be saved.7 Still it is not for us to say whether God saves any of the heathen or not. For there will be a new heaven and a new earth, much wider and broader than it now is, and God can give unto persons according to his own good pleasure?7 Zwinli, another reformer, also granted Cicero access to Paradise, only to be driven out again later by the stern Calvin. ill 061mm T dmes. Though Luther and Zwinli were well disposed toward Cicero, the Protest- ant church of Germany was not. His philoso- phy was antagonistic to theirs. They saw in it only a mixture of heathenism and Catholicism. And protestant Germany, in the past, has never done Cicero justice, and is only now beginning to do so. England and France have always been more sympathetic with him in their crit- ioism. Though the church as a whole was not well disposed toward Cicero, still he was read in many of the schools. It was in a Jesuit college that Voltaire, the French critic, became ac- quainted with Cicero, and Cicero was one of the few men of history of whom he said noth- ing bad. His admiration for Cicero is apparent in the following quotation: ti lieerols Tuscu- lan disputations and his book about the nature of the gods are the two most beautiful works that human wisdom has ever produced; his treatise upon duties is the most useful manual on morals that we possess. We must pity those who do not read himfl Frederick the Great, an admirer and disciple of Voltaire, was also a friend of Cicero. He even carried his Cicero with him when out on military campaigns. He also had a translation of Cicerots works into the German published for the intellectual benefit of his people. Cicero meant everything to the period of Rationalism in the 18th century. The human- ists had been individualistic, but had lived aloof from the masses; Rationalism was an aggressive individualism, which tried to sub- due the masses. Now when the opponents of rationalism pointed to Christianity as the only source of morality, the rationalists referred to the pagan Cicero, whose Views upon morality were very close to those of Christianity. So too they quoted Cicero to disprove the possibility of miracles, since he did not believe in the su- pernatural. The epoch of the spread of Christianity saw in Cicero only the moral philosopher and read only his religious essays. The Renaissance learned to know Cicero as a personality and cared most for his letters. The eighteenth cen- tury was the first epoch to understand Cicero the Statesman, and was interested mainly in his orations and political essays. Cieerols infilience was particularly felt in the French revolution. Mably, one Of the fore- runners of the revolution, made Cicerols De Legions tConcerning Lawsy the basis of his treatise ttConcerning the Rights and Duties of a Citizen? which is said to have been an im- portant factor in bringing on the revolution. Then during the revolution Cicero was quoted by almost every faction to prove its own point. Danton and Robespierre studied Cicero as law- yers to learn better modes of attack and de- fense. I can merely add an instance from Mira- bean. He was once defending, before a jury, some of his friends who were being accused of having violated the law, and he closed his speech with these words: 284 THE NORMAL ADVANCE w tCGentlemen, you all know the answer of that 101112111 who was compelled to overstep the limits of his power in order to save his country from a terrible conspiracy. At the expiration of his Office a malicious tribune challenged him to swear that he had not, violated his countryts laws. Then this great man said: 1 swear that I saved the state., I too, gentlemen, swear that these men saved the state? A 10nd applause followed and the men were acquitted. The Runaway By LUCY B. SETTLE Mrs. Grey and her small sen Tom sat on the veranda 0f the Riverside Hotel, waiting for the packet that was to carry them home. t6There comes the Georgia Lee 110w, matanif7 said the porter, coming up behind them7 ttshe's just whistling for the upper landing though, so 37011711 have plenty of time? She rose, nevertheless, smoothed Tomas damp rumpled hair, adjusted his hat from off his left, ear, gathered up her Iiiagazine and Tomjs popcorn, and, holding the Child by the hand, started down the long levee t0 the river. Tom slid most of the way 011 the water gauge and puffed and panted from his effort, to hold back, as though he too were forced alongr by a small engine. They stood on the outiard side of the wharf and watched the steamboat, as she glided easily ever the water. The pilot steered her directly dOWHHtI'ealll till near the landing7 then swing- ing her gracefully around, headed in toward the shore. The gang-ptank was slowly let down to the wharf and the crowd streamed eff. Mrs. Grey, with Tunis tiny brown hand clutched tightly in hers, stepped onto the boat. The child wriggled and twisted in her grasp, and seemed determined to project himself oveiu board. Finding that the boat was to lie in port while the freight was loaded, NIrs. Grey found a seat where she could watch the Degrees carry on the goods. They were miserable figures, half dressed and dirtygbut as happy and cone tented as though conditions around them were of the best. They trotted back and forth, carrying the heavy boxes on their heads. Each called out the destination, marked on his piece, to the mate who stood, whip in hand, by the gang-ptank. Occasionally snatches of some mournful tune, or rather a chant, came out of the midst of this perspiring mass of black hu- manity, with the harsh directions of the mate as he called, ctStep 11p Alec? and again, ttLoad her head so shetll hold the wheel up, for we have to make good time to-nightf, At last it was all leaded7 the bell rang, the band on deck began to play, and the Georgia Lee pulled slowly out into the channel of the river. With the last passengers who eame on board was a tall man with a dark sullen face, whom hIrs. Grey distrusted at once. Her uneasiness grew during supper when she found the man seated Opposite her. She felt that he watched T0111 closely, and she attempted to repress the chitdk strenuous aetimls that he might not att act attention. During the night she awoke suddenly feeling that something unusual had happened, only to find that they had landed and were leading wheat. Hastity dressing. she slipped out on deck that she might watch the hands as they THE NORMAL ADVANCE worked in the moonlight. When the last sack was taken on the Georgia Lee again steamed off, but down in the engine room the negroes were singing, their musical voices and the har- mony 0f the sound so fascinating her that she sat longer than she realized, The heat landed once again and soon after she returned to the cabin. When she entered her state room she felt immediately for Tom and was almost paralyzed with fear to iind him gone. Her first conscious thought was of the stranger at the supper table, and clearly the solution came to her. He had entered, when she was away, stolen Toni, hidden below till they landed at Elizabethtown, and escaped. She clearly re- membered now to have seen a tall inan, carry- ing a large bundle in his arms, walk rapidly off the boat. Distractedly she ran down the stairs to the lower deck. Hearing nothing save the putting 285 of the engine, she paused; then as the sound of the negroes laughing came to her, she rushed madly in the direction from which it came. Through the oppressive engine room she raced toward the roustabouts, mess-room. At the door she came to an abrupt halt, checked instantly by the scene within. To her excited fancy there appeared to be myriads 0f shining black faces, with rows of ivory teeth. In the midst of these, on the high table, stood a small but sturdy figure, clothed in pink pajamas. His hair was disheveled7 his brown eyes shining, and his bare, sun-tanned feet were badly soil- ed with. the soot he had evidently collected in his run down the stairs. It was Tom, and truly he was doing his best to entertain his appre- ciative, though dusky, audience, as he sang the one verse he knew of CtCasey J ones? followed closely by the reciting 0f cgLittle Miss Muffet Sat on a Tuffetfa Rest not! Life is sweeping by, Go and dare, before you die; Something mighty and sublime Leave behind to conquer time; Glorious 7tis to live for aye, When these forms have passed away. Haste not! rest not! calmly wait; hleekly bear the storms of fate! Duty be thy polar guideza Do the right what eter betide! Haste not! rest not! conflicts past, God shall crown thy work at last. eel. TV. Von Goethe. 286 The Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF Editor-in-Chief Associate Editor Literary Editor . . . iSociety Editor - - Athletic Editor ERNEST L, WELBORN GROVER C. SUMMERS ........ KATE V. BLACK ......... ELZIE STEWART ADA TICHENOR ALBERT YOUNGBLOOD LYDIA GRABBE .............. I , . i . Senior Editor ETHEL HYDE ................... Junior Editor THOMAS COBLE .......... Sophomore Editor RAE A. GOLDMAN .............. College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF CALVIN H. PFINGST .............. Business Manager ALEX. MCCULLOUGH ............. Advertising Manager CHARLES E. WALK ......... . . Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, EmeOfiicio PROF. ARTHUR CUNNINGHAM, Chairman MISS SWIHART ELMER A. Row, C. 0., Secretary HARRY HOWICK, ,12 ''''''''' : Local and Alumni Editors ..... , ,11 KATHERINE LAFFERTY, 13 Published monthly from October to J une, inclusive. Terms . ................ $1.00 per Year Single Copies . i . 15 Cents Commencement Number ............ 35 Cents Address all communications to THE N ORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute, Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify THE ADVANCE. A11 alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Entered at the Terre Haute post 017m as second class mail matter. This number of the ADVANCE completes the work of the present editorial and business staff. During the year all of us have realized the truth of the statement of our predecessor, iiTo our successors we leave a great task? we took it and did our best at it. We do not feel that we have enlarged the scope of the paper as com- . pared with last year. We could scarcely hope to do so, since last year, with its anniversary features, offered unusual opportunities. We do feel that we have maintained the standard of the paper, as it is exhibited in the work of the past five years. We feel that this years paper represents the school fairly. We are human enough to trust that our efforts have merited the favor and appreciation of the school. We are sincerely interested in the future welfare of the ADVANCE. i THE NORMAL ADVANCE There may be some things omitted in this number that should have been included. To anyone who may discover such an omission, we wish to say that this work was wrought in the heat of the conflict. We thought of all the things we could. We trust that we shall be judged by what the paper contains as well as by what it does not contain. The contributed material included in this issue should not be overlooked by the reader. Some of the articles were intended for an earlier number. Others were secured for the Commencement number. Each of these con- tributions is especially worthy of a place in this issue. The portrait of Vice-President Sandison that is reproduced in this number was painted by Mr. A. F. Brooks of Chicago. The portrait, thirty-siX by forty-two inches in size, is an eX- cellent piece of work. It will hang in the Nor- mal library as a fitting tribute to the long serv- ice of Professor Sandison. As the weather becomes warmer, three needs of l. S. N. become increasingly evident. Eleee trio. fans and sanitary drinking fountains, as well as some remedy for the noise caused by traffic on Eagle and iMulbei'ry Streets are great- ly needed. The first two suggestions require no explanation; as to the last, it may be said that to coat the brick streets with some soft material would eliminate the noise, which at present is so great that it is almost impossible to be heard in the rooms next to the streets to the north and south of the Normal School. Let us all give voice to these needs, especially those of us who expect to spend the summer in school. These improvements would immeasurably in- crease the comfort of the students and faculty, and make summer work more attractive. If you can tell us something that your own eyes have seen, your own mind has thought, your own heart has felt, you will have power over us, and all the real power that is possible for you. eLewes. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 287 The Oratorical League The year as a Whole shows some notable gains in interest both in debating and in debatable subjects. Although there were fewer public debates, the various literary and debating so- cieties 0f the school continually studied the problems of our times and feel a deeper interest in them than ever before. Many of the stu- dents, both men and women, are getting eX- perience in standing upon their feet and talk- ing intelligently, Which Will be of infinite value to them in later years. The local League has had less business to transact this year owing to the fact that the Forum Debating Society did not challenge the Ciceronian for the annual debate between the boyst societies, and also to the fact that the In- diana and Ohio State Normal Schools had dif- ficulty in reaching an agreement with the Ken- tucky Normal Schools for an Oratorical League. Negotiations are still in progress, Which it is hoped Will end in a league being formed between the Ohio and Indiana Normals. Some changes Will likely be made in the con.- stitution 0f the local League before the end of this year, Which will facilitate the debate be tween the various local organizations. Last year a triangular League for debating was consummated between the State Normal School at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, the Normal Uni- versity, Normal, Illinois, and the Indiana State Normal School. The first series of debates took place this year 011 April 28, simultaneously at Oshkosh, Normal, and Terre Haute. Our negative team consisting of Messrs. William Grrose, Clarence Clayton and Oscar Haney, went to Normal, Illinois, Where they put up a strong debate, but lost to the home team. This is the first time that Normal University has de- feated us in three years. On the same evening the Oshkosh Normal team debated our affirmative team in the Nor- mal assembly hall, upon the same subject, Re- solved that a law compelling the arbitration of labor disputes would be desirable. In this OSHKOSH NEGATIVE TEAM STANLEY MANNING G. W. CURTIS C. L. MOULTON 288 debate our team consisted of Messrs. Kasper Shanner, Calvin H. Pfingst and Ernest L. VVel- born. All Who heard this debate felt that the men did our Normal great credit. Many felt that they had successfully defended the reso- lution, but the judges thought differently and rendered a decision of two to one in favor of the negative team. The judges for this debate were Professor Hammond, 0f the University of Ohio; Professor U. G. W'eatherly, 0f the Indie ana State University, and Professor C. H. Tuttle, 0f XVab-ash College. THE NORMAL ADVANCE member of the school. That this interest Will be more and more manifest as years go on is confiidently expected by all who have the de- bating interests at heart. ALETHENAI. The Alethenai Literary Sceiety has just closed an eventful yearts work. Although the society has not been called upon to uphold its reputation in the debating field, nevertheless ILLINOIS ST AT E NORMAL UNIVERSITY AFFIRMATIVE T EAM M. R. STAKER These debates taught us many things and far from being discouraged, the debaters are anxious to meet their opponents again next year. The general interest of the students Will in- crease in the same proportion as they consider these interstate debates a part of the regular in- terests 0f the institution. This feeling is grow- ing, but there are still many Who think that the debates belong to outside interests. But the de- debaters come from the ranks of the student body, and deserve the loyal support of every CHARLES BLUE FERRE WATKINS the work done by the society during the year has been of its usual high quality. The society has always held in mind high grade of scholarship and good standing as qualities indispensable to membership, and this year has not proved an exception. The social side of the society has been par- ticularly enjoyable this year. During the Win- ter term the Alethenai was Visited by the Cicer- onian Debating Society. At the beginning of the present term the Cieeronian society ten- dered the Alethenai girls an invitation to Visit THE NORMAL ADVANCE 289 INDIANA STATE NORMAL AFFIRMATIVE TEAM KASPER SHANNER their society. The invitation was accepted and after listening to an interesting and instructive program the Alethenai girls were treated to a pleasant surpriee. On the morning of May 20 the Alethenai Visited the Daedalian Literary Society and Twere very pleasantly entertained. There have been several items of interest disl cussed during the year, among them that of a E. L. WELBORN C. H. PFINGST permanent emblem for the societyTs pin. At last the speakefs gavel was decided upon as one altogether fitting and proper. At the beginning of the year the members of the Alethenai were: Kate V. Black, Ada Tichenor, Eva Kehrer7 Lydia Grabbe, Thirza Parker, and Georgia Lena Cole. The member- ship has increased until at present the society has twenty-one members. The new members INDIANA STATE NORMAL NEGATIVE TEAM WILLIAM GROSE OSCAR HANEY CLARENCE CLAYTON 290 'THE NORMAL ADVANCE ALETHENAI Lydia, Crabbe LeoIa Moore Nelle Hartman Mabel C. Woadv Anne Forbes Clara Applegate Thirza Parker Kate V. Black Nelle Broadhurst Georgia. Cole Etta Walter Ina. Pocock Katherine Kehrer Olive Johnson Eva Kehrer Ada Tichenor ZeIpha P. Burkett Bera, McCorklz THE NORMAL ADVANCE are: Nelle Broadhurst, Katherine Kehrer, Nelle Hartman, Zelpha Burkett, Anne Forbes, Esther WYesthrook, Leela Moore, Mabel Woody, Belva McCorkle, Ina Poeock, and Olive Johnson. The returning members are: Belvia Cuzzart, Clara Applegate, Emma Ingling, and Etta Walters. Each member has felt that permanent and abiding results are accomplished only through co-operation. The training received by desir- ing to contribute to the general welfare is highly regarded by all. WThen the members of this society revert to their early training, after years Of experience in the world, then, as now, Will they recognize the Alethenai Spirit; the spirit Which pervaded their tasks and aided the solution of their problems. I 71 I L 0 MA T H EA N. The members of the .Philemathean Literary Society resumed the work of the society at the beginning of the fall term and have continued the work throughout. the year. During the fall term the lives and works of the most famous essayists were studied, during the Winter term those of modern dramatists and their works, while during the spring term the lives and works of the most noted painters were taken up. Throughout the year discussions upon domestic and foreign affairs were given at the meetings7 thus enabling the members to keep in touch With the world of today. The parliae mentary drill Which was given at each meeting has proven very beneficial to the members of the society, of Which the same may be said of all the work the society has pursued. The aim of the society is more of a literary nature than any otherryet the society has not neglected its social phase. During the fall term the Philomatheans met one afternoon at the City Y. W. C. A. and made pennants, after Which they all went to the Rose, Where a lunch was served. In the Winter term the society en- tertained the Daedalians at Miss Saupertts, on North Fourth street, While this term they are 291 anticipating a very enjoyable time at the country residence of Bliss Browne. The omcers 0f the year were for the fall term: President, Louise Peters; Viceepresident, Anna COX; secretary, Eula MeEwan; treasurer, Nellie lVIahley; parliamentarian, Anna Oree baugh; historian, lVIinna VVissing; artist, Lois Shirley; sergeant-at-arms, Edna Newman, and during the Winter term Jeannette Baker acted as treasurer, Mae Brooking, artist, and Flora Saupert as parliamentarian; for spring term, president, Anna COX; Vice-president, lVIyrtle Scott; secretary, Lizzie Lowry; treasurer, Pearl Virosgrave; historian, Minna VVissing; ser- geant-at-arms, Edna Newman; artist, Mae Brooking, and parliamentarian, Flora Saupert. There are at present twenty-two members who are the Misses Keever, Peek, Smith, Kuhn, Brooking, Burley, Thomas;7 Davies, Seott, Baker, Crosgrave, TVIorford, Knost, Low'ry, Shirley, Brown, Saupert, Peters, Cox, New- man, WVissing, and Mrs. MeEwan. Of these the Misses Newman, Brown, Davies, and Mrs. MeEwan Will remain in school for the coming year. DAEDALIAN. The name, Daedalian, is of Grecian origin and in its Anglieized form implies shrewdness, skill, and craft; and signifies ingenious and artistic. Poets have not forgotten the unique word as: Then doth the daedel earth throw forth to thee, Out of her fruitful lap, abundant flowers. eSpencer. Our bodies decked in our daedalian arms. eOILapman. The constant aim of the society has been to develop skillful and artistic forms of speech. With this aim in View the members have met each Saturday morning in the literary room. At the beginning of the fall term only six 01d members returned; during the term the mem- THE NORMAL ADVANCE 292 $05M .304 aguuM kmnw. 5.68ng MCWM mammmg? NGEE mmEonF SE4 dmuunw QC them 3th5 mamxoem :2 xyuidm mmum. xrsHaEm $04 2010: NEW EBOam muonoQ CNBMUE 1H3m A.mN.umv N00 MandQ Frmrcw QmMWQm tounmw 5on MUSE NUGQuOHrm-H $me mhmdww AdmsaFv akymawmeo 13m ZaammEaszAHmnw $B THE NORMAL ADVANCE 294 THE NORMAL ADVANCE bership was doubled, two were received in the winter term, and three in the spring. Old and eX-Oiiicio members returned until at the close of the school year there are twenty-two. Intense enthusiasm has been a Vital element in realiz- ing the aim. The literary exercises consisted of parlia- mentary practice7 orations, debates, reviews, society papers, and readings. . To this were added the talks of the chaplain and special music. The parliamentary drill is very interest- ing and useful to the parliamentarian and members. This practice gives to both the Iixed practical knowledge of the use of parliament- ary rules. The debates form the main part Of the work considering. up-to-date questions with reference to education and government. Inter- national, national, state, and local topics are handled. Prepared papers and talks are given on such subjects as: LtNew School Laws? ttInternae tional Peaceit thhild Labor,w 4tMimiC Lodge? ttEthics 0f the SChOOi-YOOH1,,, 4tPrimary Elece tionsf7 and ttVVhite Slave Traffic? Often the general topic of current events is discussed. Readings from the masterpieces of literature are very interesting and delightful. Extern- poraneous talks are occasionally given. A mem- ber is called to his feet and told to collect and express his ideas on a certain subject. Music forms a very delightful part of the pregram as the pianist and director offer first- class music. In this field the society prides itself very highly in having men of exceptional ability. Perhaps the greatest ethical training is re- ceived from the talks of the chaplain 011 such subjects as gcThe Parable of the Talents? 6The Results of Choice? cCharacter? ctThe Slumsf HEifeets of Responsibility;7 ttEffects 0f the Smiley ttJusticeft uDay Dreams;7 and g4As One Sees So Is He? On May 20, the Daedalians had a mock trial. To this were invited the Philoniathean and Alethenai societies and other friends of the Daedalian society. Hon. Floyd Newsome, a lawyer 10f the city, acted as judge. The society consists of nineteen active and three eX-Oiiicio members. The eX-ofiicie mem- bers are the postgraduates; ten graduate with the class of 1911, and seven of the remaining number will return for the fall term. FORUJI. The Forum was organized in September, 1901, with the following men as charter mem- bers: Alfred Henry, Harry Clem, A. T. May- field, W. F. Lindley, R. M. Tryon, A. B. Mavity, E. S. Light, Zenor Scott, B. L. Vauter, C. T. Gray, T. W. Thomas, and E. C. Palmer. The purpose of the organization was the development of its members in oratory, debat- ing and the use of parliamentary law. The social side has not been neglected and the society has been quite a factor in the social life of the Normal. Several social functions are given each year and the annual spring banquet brings many of the associate members back to renew the feeling of good fellowship which exists in the society. Since the organization of the Forum the meny bership numbers one hundred twelve. These members are doing honor to the society in the positions which they are holding in foreign countries as well as at home in our own Normal faculty. The past year has been very profitable to the members. The leading questions of local and national interest have been debated and dis- cussed. The work has been strengthened by Visits from members of the faculty and gradu- ate members, who have given some very able talks and suggestions for the betterment of the society. The annual Hallowden banquet was given at Ellsworth. The term dances were given at St. Marys and the Elks club rooms. The annual spring banquet will be given in the K. of P. club rooms. A short program has been ar- ranged: ctThe Work of a TeacheW . Pres. W. W. Parsons c4The History of the ForuInn.Mr. Roscoe Hyde ttMere Man,7 ............... Mr. E. M. Giiford EtSOVereign VVomaIW .................... ccCastles in Spainb .......... Mr. Clyde Hillis THE NORMAL ADVANCE 295 THE FORUM Laurence Pierce Carl Scudd'er Victor Asbury Basil Byrp Raymond Jared Clem 0. Thompson Earl Asher Jesse Wood Albert McCormick Ed. Gifford Clyde HiIIis Thomas Mahan James F. Mackell Alfred C. Senour J. W. Curry Melvin K. Davis 296 THE NORMAL ADVANCE CICERONIAN LEE VB BRINTON ERNEST L. WELBORN OSCAR HANEY ELMER A. ROW RUSSELL CAREY CLYDE SHAW WILLIAM GROSE CALVIN H. PFINGST CLIFFORD FUNDERBURG WM. 0. WINKLER WILLIAM C. GANTS HARRY HOWICK THE NORMAL ADVANCE 0 1 0E B ON! AN. The Cieerenian Debating Society was or- ganized in the spring of 1905. In the six years the work of the society has changed but little, but there has been steady growth. In the qual- ity of work done, this year has been one Of the best in the history of the society. The purpose for which the society was or- ganized still remains a guiding star, to give efficient training in debating. To further this purpose the membership is small, the limit be- ing twelve. There were seven 0101 members to enter school this year. They were Grants, Pfingst7 Row, Brinton, VVelborn, Howick, and Shaw. Dur- ing the year there were added to this number Haney, Carey, Grose, and Funderhurg. Row graduated from the College Course at the end of the winter term, and thus ceased to be an active member, but he immediately ap plied for associate membership. A number of other associate members have been added this year. There are four other members Who be- long to the roll of graduateseFunderburg, WYelbern, Pfingst and Grants. The work of 01'- ganization next year will probably fall upon six members. The interesociety debate which should have 297 taken place this year between the Forum and Ciceronians, failed for want of a challenge. This gave the societies :1 better opportunity to be represented on the varsity teams. The society furnished four of the debaters 0n the teams? Ptingst, XVelborn, Grose, and Haney. In the latter part of the winter term the members of the society were the guests of the Alethenai Literary Society at one of their regular meetings. On the evening of May 4, the Cieeronians were much pleased to have as guests the Alethenai Society. After the meet- ing a light luncheon was served at the Rose Pharmacy. One of the greatest features of the year was the annual banquet at the Terre Haute House the evening of June 10. The invited guests for the evening were Prof. Lynch, Prof. Bacon, and a host of lady friends. Of all the joys of Ciceronian life,probab1y the one looked to with the greatest pleasure is the weekls camping 0n Wlhite river near Sandborn. The time will be set later, but will probably be about the first week of September. Camp-week is the one week each year in which nature be- mnies 2L Cicerenian and adds to the joys of the 111 enliel's, until at the end of the week we tiFold our tents like the Arabs, And silently steal away? EA TRINAB SUN DIAL. Hours fly, Flowers die; New days New ways; Pass by! Love stays. chm Dyke. 298 THE NORMAL ADVANCE ATHLETIC BOARD Kasper Shanna, Baseball Mgr. Ethel Hyde, Secretary Harry Howick, Custodian Elmer A. Row, President Victor Asburv, Basket Ball Mgr. Howard thn, Track Mgr. M. B. Nugent, Treasurer Professor GiIIum Professor Bailey Professor Kimmel THE NORMAL ADVANCE 299 ATHLETICS NormaPs basket, ball team was alright but somehow the majority of the games went to our opponents. The team worked up form until at the close of the season they were able to play as we should have enjoyed seeing them play at the first. Here is the team in position: Knex ............ Forward ........... Moore Ellingwood, Center McCullough ....... Gua I'd ............ BOWIOS McOormick, Utility man. MANAGER SHANNER The schedule of games with their scores is 39: follows: Normal DePauW, Jan. 4th, at Greencastle 45-11 in favor of DePauW. N01'mal4R. P. 1., Jan. 6th, at K. of C. hall7 47-16 for Rose. 7 N0rma14Purdue, J an. 10th, at Lafayette, 112-6 in favor of Purdue. Norma14DePauW, Jan. GyIn., 32-14 for DePauw. NormaliFranklin, Jan. 27th, at Franklin, 39-19 in favor of Franklin. 12th, at Normal Normaleanover, Jan. 28th, at Hanover, 27-20 for Hanover. Franklin4N0rmal, Feb. 4th, at, Normal Gyln., 42-17 in favor of the ttBaptist-SW WILSON, Captain 300 THE NORMAL ADVANCE BIRD i N01'111aleHanovera Feb. at Normal Gyin., 16-11 for Normal. N UrinaleR. P. 1., Feb. 21th, at N Urinal Gym. 14-10 for Poly after a hotly contested game. 16th7 We sincerely hope and believe that next sea- son the quintette Will be a Winning one ccfor the honor of the school? BASEBALL. Manager Shanner has a baseball, team this year that is a ttwinner? In the selection of players he has shown his ability as an expert judge of athletic timber and every man on the team counts favorably for the whole team. There are several of the players of last year7s winning team on the diamond again this year. They are: York, receiver; Bird, third base; Wilson, left held; Brown, iirst base. The vet- eran pitcher, Moore, Who served on the mound for I. S. N. in 1907, is at his old stand and d0- ing great work With his tttwisteru? He is as- sisted by Herron and Frakes, two new men Who know how to shoot the pill over the plate successfully. Not only is the pitching staff strong, but the outfield composed of XVilson, left field; Ntitchell, center field, and Hogue, right field, is a ttstone wallw to most of the teams that play 11s, and very few fly balls go for hits. The infield With Bird at third base, Clark at second, Brown at first, and Brill at short puts up a defense that is hard to break through. Be- sides their accuracy they are fast and ttplay the gamei, for the most part. York, With the big mit, is making good his revm-d of last year, and Mitt-hell, Who some- times assists in this position, is sure to put the mit Where they stick. HOGUE THE NORMAL ADVANCE MOORE NORMAL m. JlOOleS HILL. 011 the afternonn of May 18th Moores Hill fame over to Parsons Field for the second try- out With I. S. N. The game V215 not very in- teresting 011 the whole as both teams seemed off their mettle. Herrou and York opened up as the Normal batteryj but the boys f '0111 the hills were hitting rather heavy and Manager Shanner thought it best to put in the ,Vete 1111 Moore. Moore has done extraordinary work on the 1. S. N. mound this yeul'emuch bOHEl' than in previous years, and has W011 a name at the head of the I. C. L. athletic list of fame. 111 the game at Hanover this year he struck out twenty-Six men. Such a thing had never been done before in the history of Hoosier athletics 301 and we are proud of our tWVillieW The Terre Haute ttTots77 at once entered into negotiations With Lloore for a place 011 the mound of the Central League team, but Moore decided to stay with Normal. With Moore 011 the mound Normal won the game by timely hits in the ninth and closed the 7-6 score for us. Normal got nine hits; Bloores Hill got thir- teen. ' Errors were the principal features of the game, Normal making four and the Visitors nmking six costly ones. Score by innings. Normal ....... 1 0 1 2 2 0 O 0 1e? Moores Hill ...0 0 1 O 3 0 0 2 0-6 BatterieseHerron, Moore and York; Dasha hill and Ward. YORK 302 CLARK NORMAL vs. 11?. P. 1. Rose Poly and Normal dashed on neutral ground in the third game, of the season on May 30th. The excitement was intense, and both schools turned out en masse. numbers of the City people interspersed 21111011er the college fans in the grandstand. About fif- teen hundred people were presentenn unheard of attendance at a college baseball game in the central west. There were also 0rd Fortner, our old pitcher of last season. was on the moqu in place of Moore, Who had disqualified 0n the previous Sunday in a pro- fessional game. Fortner came in on the even- ing of May 29th and registered 011 the forenoon of the day Of the game. THE NORMAL ADVANCE The batteries for the game were: NormalgFortner and York. Rose PolyeNehf and Lawler. The game ended with the usual display of spirit between the two schools. We wonder if 2111 mmvml ttElephaut Ruslf7 would satisfy the :atudents of both schools and prevent the pro- miscuous rushes at each game of the season. Such would undoubtedly be better for the athletics of the school. Score: NWWMZ. AB. R. H. HO. A. E. Wilson; 1f ............ 4 0 0 0 0 1 Mitchell. Eib ......... 4 U 0 2 0 0 Clark, 2b ........... 4 0 0 Jr 6 z h'ewor, HS .......... Jr 0 0 1 0 0 Ilogue, rt ........... 2-3 0 0 1 1 1 York, 0 ............. 3 0 0 t3 0 0 BROWN THE NORMAL ADVANCE 303 Score by I vinings. N 01'1m11 . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 Rose Poly ..... 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 11-5 Summary. Home 1'11111N0hf. Stolen bases-Asbury, Bradford, Shook 12L Byers. Sacrifice hita Lammers. Struck 011t1B-y Former, G; by Nehf, 13. Bases 01113211181011 Former, .4; off Nehf, 1. Double playSHCIark to Brewer; Asbury to Clark. Hit by pitched ball1Asbury, Lammers. Umpire1Thornton. Time of game 1:50. 11311311111111! m. .VU IN! A L. 011 the afternoon of June 2 the Quakers and the Teachers crossed bats at Parsons Field in a very interesting contest. Aided by the pitching MITCHELL Asbury, cf .......... 2 0 Brill, 1b ............. 2 0 Fortner, p .......... 3 0 Totals 20 0 H086 Poly. AB. R. Kelly, 85 ............ Jr 0 Bradford, 2b ........ Jr 1 Lawlel', c ........... 2 1 Buckner, 1f .......... -1 0 Nehf, p ............. 4: 2 0 Shook, 1b ........... 4 1 0 Byers, rf ............ 3 O 0 Wyeth, cf ........... 3 0 1 Lammers, 3b ........ 2 0 0 Totals ............. 30 5 6 27 21 2 HEgRON NORMAL ADVANCE THE 304 MMOOE MUHEmOUuHB mMJBOM 3030443032 .3?qu QVMDMwAQ. 90030754me $2me AA m FMMWAQM NCVHmwiwxw NOZM KB THE NORMAL ADVANCE MMQZdeAAV mAOEUHZ ?MDMmAw ZOHLCNAU WNABOM mMZOH 51$an Adzwm HMMmaeam MOHZMw 306 THE NORMAL ADVANCE JUNIOR BASKET BALL TEAM SHAW WELCH KNOX and hitting ability of Hays, a southpaw twirler, the Earlham team carried Off the hem 01's in a 9-4 score. Fortner, our old veteran twirler, held the mound for Normal and pitched an excellent game throughout. He was not supported well by the team as a Whole, however, for five errors were chalked up against the Normal boys. Brill did heavy work throughout the game, BINFORD, Ath. Capt. HICKMAN SCUDDER EUDALEY getting three good hits. The reason for Nor- maPs errors was thewholesale Changes that had been made in the position of the boys on the team and :1 lack of practice in the new posi-t tions. The Earlham-Normal game is the first game that we have lost on 0111' home held, Parsons Field, since its dedication at the opening of last season. We hope it Will he the last also. THE NORMAL ADVANCE mh- The score: lt'arlham. A.B. R. H. P.0. A. E. Reagan, 1f .......... 4 1 1 1 O 1 Brubaker, 3b ........ 5 2 0 1 0 0 Hays, p ............. :3 2 2 2 13 1 Beard, 0 ............. 5 1 8 10 0 0 BIotht, ss ........... 4 1 2 2 2 0 11311211115, 2b ......... 5 0 1 2 G 0 Lyboult, cf .......... 4 1 0 1 0 1 Furnas, I'f ........... 4 O 0 0 0 0 Lewis, 1b ........... 4 1 2 8 1 0 Totals .............:30 9 11 27 22 2 11701-227101. ALB. R1 Wyilson, 1f ........... 8 1 2 Mitchell, 3b ......... 2 0 0 Frakes, rf ........... 1 0 0 Clark. 2b ............ 3 1 1 H. 14.0. A. E. Brewer, SS .......... 4 O 1 O 3 0 Hogue, If 85 3b ....... 4 1 1 1 O 0 York, 0 ............. 4 1 1 9 0 2 Asbury, cf ........... 4 0 1 2 0 0 Brill, 1b ............ 4 0 3 10 0 2 Farther, p ........... 4 O 0 0 12 1 Totals ............. 33 4 10 27 23 5 Snore 71y Ivmre'ngss Earlham ...... 3 0 0 O O 0 O 0 649 Normal ....... 0 O 0 O 0 1 0 O 344 Smnmmay. TWO-base hits-Lewis, 2; Beard, 2; York. Home I'un-Hays. Sacrifice llitsm117118011, Mitchell7 Clark. Stolen bases4MoHitt, Ly- boult, York. Bases 011 balls4l3y Former, 3. 1 1 0 Struck out4By Former, 8; by Hays, 10. Wild 1 0 pitchestortner. Double plays Hays t0 0 1 0 Lewis; Moffitt to Lewis to Hays; Brewer to 3 S 0 Clark to Brill. Timewl :25. UmpireHBateS. 1247713111. I would not even ask my heart to say If I could love some other land as well As thee, my country, had I felt the spell 0f Italy at birth, 01' learned to obey The Charm of France, 01' Englandjs mighty sway. I would not be so much an infidel AS once to dream, or fashion words to tell IVhat land could hold my love from thee away. For like a law of nature in my blood I feel thy sweet and secret sovereignty, And woven through my soul thy Vital sign, My life is but a wave, and thou the flood; I am a leaf and thou the mother-tree; Nor should I be at all, were I not thine. 4Hem'y Van Dyice. 308 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Y. M. C. A. CABINET W. C. Gants, President J. M. Eddy, Vice-Pres. E. M. Gifford Chm. Corn. on Religious Meetings W. E. Tennell Chm. Social Com. Y. M. and 17.111. 0.14. The work of this year gives every reason to believe that the association has attained some degree of success in uniting the students de- siring to strengthen the spiritual life of the school and in promoting Christian character and fellowship and aggressive Christian work. The lack of a general secretary has been one Of the difficulties of the year. Yet even in this respect the additional responsibility has brought the officers and men closer together and made the work more valuable. The consistent faithful work of the officers has done much to make the work What it has been, yet this would Lee V. Brinton, Secty C. H. Pfingst Chm. Membership Com. Russell Carey, Chm. Employment Com. Harry Howick Treasurer Y. W. C. A. have availed little had it not been for the loyalty of Christian students and the support of the faculty. In each of the Y. LVI. C. A. departments prac- tical results have been accomplished. The Bible study department has managed success- fully Classes in the principal churches of the city, conducted for the most part for the stu- dents by Normal men. The religious meeting committee has succeeded in having some excel- lent leaders during the year, some of Whom were President Parsons, Professors Baxter, Stalker, Bogardus and Lynch. Out-Of-town Speakers were also secured Who conducted very THE NORMAL ADVANCE 309 successful meetings. The employment commit- tee has succeeded in placing a number of men in positions where they could work their way through school. The membership committee has enrolled over one hundred and fifty stu- dents during the year. Three very successful and enjoyable tei'nireoeptions have been given by the joint Y. M. C. A. and Y. WV. C. A. Es- pecially helpful and practical work Vds done by locating new students in suitable rooming places and in making them acquainted at the beginning of each term. During the year the Y. M. C. A. sent as rep- resentatives 0f the association to the state con- vention at V incennes the following men: Messrs. Grants, Howick, Pfingst, 21nd Summers. lVIessrs. Byers and Carey represented our asso- ciation at the annual conference held at Frank- lin. A special effort Will be made this year to send three men to the national conference which will meet at Geneva, J une 16. Through the Visits and the conferences and conventions that are held annually, as well as through the Visits of the state secretary, the association is kept in touch with national and state movements. Mr. Johnson, the state secretary, has Visited the Y. M. C. A. three times during the year. The association is proud of the work done this year, but it realizes that there is yet much more to be done. It is proud of the fact that its officers are among the most active at all the other organizations of the school. For this rea- Y. W. C. A. CABINET Ella Morford, Cor. Szdy Minna Wissing, Pres. Blanch Rinehart, Mission Study Etta. Walter, Bible Study Edna Neuman, Calling Mae Breaking, Treasurer Nellie Mahley, Social Myrtle Scott, Vice-Pres. Mary Howard, Szc'v Florence Peck; Intzr-Collegiatz Anna Orebaugh, Religious Meeting 310 son they have been able to co-operate with the other organizations in the most helpful way. But here again is an opportunity for growth and it is to be hoped that next year a unity of action and co-operation of the different ore ganizations will exist which will put our stu- dents on the highest plane physically and spiritually that they have ever attained. Then with faith that our Y. M. C. A. will guard your spiritual life, will give breadth to your view because of its inter-denominational character, will create in you the highest ideal of life physically, spiritually and mentally, we commend it to you for the coming year as an indispensable factor in the moulding of :1 per- fect student body life. Those in charge of the work this year were: President. ........................ lVIr. tlants ViceePresident .................. J . M. Eddy Secretary ..... Melvin K. D21 vie, L. V. Brinton Treasurer .................... Harry Howick Chairman Membership Committee 0. H. Pfingst Bible Study .................... J. M. Eddy Employment .......... Shopnieyer and Carey Chairman Social Connnittee. . . WV. E. Tennell Religious Committee ............ Earl Gifford Chairman Visiting Committee ...... Ray Jared Missionary Committee ...... Leonard lVIcClond Y. W. 0. A. The cabinet of the Y. WT. C. A. entertained the cabinet of the Y. M. C. A. at 428 North Center on April 29 The early part of the evening was Spent in games after which all went to the kitchen and made candy. The hostesses were the Misses Minna Wissing, Myrtle Scott, Mae Brooking, Ella Mor- ford, Edna Newman, and Etta WValter. The guests were the Messrs. G'antz, Howiek, Pfingst, Carey, Eddy, Tennell, and GiHord. The Misses Mae Brooking, Florence Peck, Edna Newman, Ella Morford, Bertha Baldwin, Lizzie Lowry, Tillie Harrer, Mary Frank, THE NORMAL ADVANCE NIary Howard, Erna Kuhn, Anna Orebaugh, Leone Kenton, Myrtle Scott, Jeannette Baker, Abbie Barricklow, Margret Holmes, Loa Foster, NIinna Wissing, and 311's. Carson Reb- stock attended the National Y. W. C. A. con- vention which was held in Indianapolis, April 19-24. The following Y. XV. C. A. officers have been elected for the ensuing year: President, lVLiy Mulott; Viee-president, Delores Brown; secre- tary, Mary Howard; treasurer, MIS Eula Me- Ewan. The contest between the Leaders and the XVinners closed May 12. The Leaders won by a large majority. The winners entertained the Leaders with :L picnic May 20. A large number of new members have been gained. The have been well attended throughout the year. Very interesting Speak ere have led the meetings. meet lugs ST. THOMAS lrlQZx'liVAS CLUB. The St. Thomas Aquinas Club reorganized for the spring term with a strong membership. Many of the former members who have been absent during the year, have returned. Among these are Blessrs. Haigerty, Hopkins, Riorden, OtNeil; Misses Philomena Bogenian, Elsie O'Connell, Katherine GilleSpie, Ione Firsich and Mary Hagan. The oHicers 0f the year, who were Ada Welte, president, and Mildred Flaherty, secretary, and the program committee, have done efHCient work in providing strong programs. Among the subjects discussed were Socialism, Modern- ism, The Extension Society of the Catholic Church, The Jesuits, etc. Bliss Moran gave an interesting talk to the Club, Friday, May 12, on ccThe Bible? The social Side has also received attention. A six delock dinner and a party were given at the homes of Miss Ada XVelte and Miss Emma Dommershansen, respectively. On Saturday, June 3, the club held a, picnic at Forest Park. THE NORMAL ADVANCE 311 SOCIETY OFFICERS OF WOMAN,S LEAGUE Anne Forbes, Presidznt Lydia Grabbe, Vice-Przs. UVOJIAAHS LEA G UE. The VVomanB League has had a very success- ful year. The oHicers and leaders have worked toward lifting the social standard and strength- ening the spirit of unity among the girls of the school. There have been thirteen active Chap- ters duril'lg the year. One hundred and eighty- h've members of the WVomanjs League are mem- bers of chapters. The otHcers 0f the League are: Anne F orbes, president; Lydia Grabbe, viee-president; Anna COX, treasurer; Helen Conner, secretary. The ofheers for next year Will be elected at the last executive meeting of the school year. The different chapters and their leaders are: Gamma ...................... Marie Rhodes Llamarada ................. Haziell W70011en Kappa ...................... Nelle Hartman Athlete ...................... Marie Rueker Omega ......................... Ina Pecock Myosotis ...................... Nelle Waller Alpha ......................... Maly Austin Pi Zeta ................... Nelle Breadhurst Epsilon Delta ................ Eula MeEwan Mu Zeta ..................... Emma Dwight Zeta Zeta ................. Katharine Rogers Psi Theta, ..................... Ella Morford Helen Connor, Secretary Anna. Cox, Treasurer The Omega and Athlete chapters entertained the members of the League, May 12. The after- 110011 was spent socially. lVIrs. Bruce and M 1's. Rettger assisted the girls. Instead of the usual entertainment generally given at the close of the year, the League Will give a play, LUThe Three Chautfeursf, Miss Selma Vognild has coached the girls. The fol- lowing are the characters: The T hl'ee Chauffeurs : Kitty Kennedy, the mimieing girl, Gertrude Lewis Lorry Spencer, the host ....... Etta Walter Marvin Hunter, a lovely young man, Anne Forbes Mrs. Spencer, the hostess .......... Ina Poeoek Gertrude Castleten, masquerading as lVIe- lindy Pike .................... Ruby Fuhr Betty Marshall, the sentimental girl, Mildred Stults Lois Drummond, the girl with a fad, Rosina Beecher J ane Armstrong, the hungry girl, . Ruth Wagner Lucile Beverly, the college girl, Elise O,Conne11 Minta Morris, the pl'imping girl, Minnie Rellings Marv Mchth Minniz RoIIings Norma Failing MYOSOTIS Ccradel Wade Leona. Cast Edna. Harvey Alma Jackson Olive Johnson Helan Salk. Mabel Woody Nellie Waller Ada Tichcnor CzciIa Black Leti tia Fertee Minna Wissing Esther Neukom Bera McCorkIe Stella Albright PSI THETA Outer Circle, beginning at top, from left to righti Lee McClure, Mabel Brown, Faun McKamey, Erba. Hinkson, Etta Walter, Elsie CmII, Nona Madden, Blanche Johnson, Martha Foster, Emma Lienhart, VaII Patton. Inner Circle- Louise Peters, N211 Flasher, Edna N2wman,. Ella Inglis, Ethel Hyde, Carrie, Szzver. Center- Ella. Morford. 314 Eugenia Allen, the giggling girl, Patience hIeKey Mary Smith, the practical girl. .Mary hIcBeth Ali's. Spencer, the 1110thel -i11-law ..... 111a Rich Lieutenant Beverly Churchill, U. S. ,A., Nelle Hartm 2111 Norah, the cook ............. Vanessa Ratclitfe Annie, the maid ................ Hazel Kelley JIYOSO TIS. Miss Letitia Ferree entertained the Myosotis chapter Saturday afternoon May 13th, at her home in North Tenth street. The girls brought their sewing, and there was a sewing contest in which Miss Coradel WVade was the most suc- cessful. At the close of the afternoon, delicious refreshments were served. The Myosotis girls have had a great many good times together this year, and a number of other parties have been planned to take place before e::111111e11eei11e11t. 011 June 3 there was a picnic at the country home 01c the Misses Rollings. Seven new girls, Letitia Ferree, Esther Neu- k0111, Minnie Rollings, Fern Garen, lVIabel VVOUdy, Leona Cast, and Alma Jackson have been initiated during the year, and there are, fire grathlates. They are Ada Tichener and Czradel XVade from the Colleme Course and b 7 Minna XVissing, Stella Albright, and Norma Failing from the N urinal. Members who have been in school during the year are: Ada Tichenor, Princeton; Minna, TViSSilig, Knightstmvn; Bel 'a h'ICCUrkIe, Thorntewn; Olive Johnson, Redford; Edna Harvey, TVth Union; Mabel XVoody, Mt. Ver- 11011; Alma Jackson, Greentield; Leona hut, Kirkland, and Nellie TVoollen, Stella Albright, Norma Failing7 Helen Sale, jecilia Black, Mary McBeth, Coradel Wade, Minnie 'lyiollings7 Letitia Ferree, Esther and Fern Garen, of Terre Haute. Lanora Rollings, who taught school near Terre Haute, was also as- sociated with the chapter during the year. Ne 1.1k0111, THE NORMAL ADVANCE PSI THETA. 011 May 1 a three course Alay Day luncheon was partaken of by the Psi Theta chapter at The Rose. Those present were Misses Ella Inglis, Belle Inglis, Louise Peters, Mabel Brown, Emma Lenhart, Vail Patton, Faun Mc- Kainey, Ella NIorford, Lee iVIeChtre, Nona Madden, Nelle Flesher, Blanche Johnson, Elsie V111111, Martha Foster7 Etta WValter, Carrie Seever, and Edna Newman. A11 initiation party was held May 6, at 531. North Fourth street, with Miss Emma Len- hart. After the initiation a 11111011 coneisting 0f 111111011 ice, 1 'afers and chocolates was served. Those who accepted the pledges of 111e111bership were Misses Nona lVIadden, Etta WTalter, Blartha Foster7 Lee McClure. Saturday, May 20, the Psi Theta, girls gave a pienit at Collett Park. form of 011t-doorgammy. and a delicious supper was enjoyed at the close of the afternoon. Entertaimmnt was 111 P1 Z E? '11 Members of the society were delightfully e11- tertained by Hazel B. Neal at her home 011 North Ninth street, April 15. The main fea- ture of the evening was the initiatory work given to the. new members. The first degree of ritual work was given to the following candi- dates: Elsie, Downs, Gr'aee Dinsniore, Grrace Brenton, and Nelle Aldrich. After the regular work of the evening was over, several Short talks were given by mem- bers of the society. Elsie OiConnell delight- fully entertained the 111e111bers with a reading entitled, ttFlower Scene. from LtIngomar and Partheniai, Later in the evening, a hot luncheon was served, followed by refreshments of ice cream and candies. Bliss 'I3roadhurst was hostess for a delight- ful party, Saturday, April 29, at her home in West, Terre Haute. The second degree of initi- atory work was given to the candidates. The initiatory work took most of the afternoon, but THE NORMAL ADVANCE MM PIZETA Georgia L. Cole Grace Densmore Leise O ConncII Thirza Parker Hazel B. NeaIe Louise Harris Kate V. Black Louise Smith Nelle Broadhurst Mary McIntosh Ethel Carr Nellie Aldrich Pauline Clark Helen HeIt Mae Breaking Elsfe Downs Hazel Neill Grace Brinton 316 THE NORMAL ADVANCE yet there was some time left for fun. Miss OsCommell again pleased the girle with her readings. Several i111p1'0111pt11 111usiczl numbers were given. Everybody reported a delightful time. Mrs. Fanny Therp Carr has been spending 21 week or two with her aunt, Mrs. A111121 XVolferd in Linton, Ind. Several members of the sorority are 111e111bers 0f the graduating Class of 711. Kate V. Black, Nelle Broadhurst, Helen Holt, Thirzn Parker, Mae Brooking, Georgia Cole are graduates this year. Plans for a happy reunion during 1-0111111e11cee ment week are being discussed and 11 splendid time is expected. Members Of the sorority are Kate V. Black, Nelle Broadhurst, Ethel Irene 7211713Ne11e Aide rich, Grraee Brinten, Georgia Cele, Mae Brook- ing, Elsie Downs, Grraee Di11s1110re, Helen Helt, Louise Smith, Louise Harris, M. Hazel Neill, Hazel B. Neal, Mary lVIcIntosh, Elise CYCen- Hell, Thirza Parker, Pauline Clark. EPSIL 01V DEL T11. The Epsilon Delta chapter organized during the fall term with the following members: E11121 MeEwan, June Manor, Tillie Harrar, Amelia Potter, Anna Davis, JessieiKassing, Elizabeth Lowry, Emma Koch, Gladys Davies, Jeanette Baker, Anna COX, and Mrs. Edwin Bruce. At the beginning of the winter term, the Misses Fay Keever, Anna Thomas, and lVIyrtle Castor came into the society. The spring ter111 brought back the Misses Edith Blaydes, Jennie King, Rose Aldinger, and Olive James. The Chapter 1111s had 11 merry social year. The meetings held se111i-111011thly 011 Saturday afternoon were entertaining and Wholly suc- cessful. A short study Of etiquette each week proved beneficial. 011 March 21, the Epsilon Deltas and Blyeso- tis entertained the faculty and members of the WVomane League at a St. Patrickk Tea. A 111usical progrmn was the leading feature of the evening. The chapter is planning a six okrlock break- fast at Forest Park. The members of 1910 are teaching. Lulu Hefty has 21 sixth grade position in the Chicago schools. LLA 111111311 DA . The Knights of Pythias Temple presented :1 charming scene Saturday evening7 Biay 20. when the members of the Llamarada Sorority gave its 11111111111 1V111y ti111e dancing reception. The hall festooned throughout myriads of gay buttertiies. T2111 palms, term and shrubs were ar 'anged about the hail. Gr 1011 and white streamers, the sorority colors, were was Vith used to decorate the rest, rooms: and cozy corners. Huge, bowls of white 11105501115 were also used about the room. I111111111erable college pennants and banners were suspended from the walls and ceiling. P1111011 was served all even- ing behind a screen of 112111118. The Hill orches- tra furnished the music for 21 progrmn 0f 20 dances. t Pref. and hire. Louis J. Rettger led the grand march, during which time the progranm were given out. The covers of the programs were deCO'ated with gay butterflies in water colors, the work of Miss Gertrude McGomb. Attached to these programme were pencils with green silk cords. The dances were cleverly named for insects. The butterfly dance was the favor dance. The men received sorority pen- nants and the women received dainty silk gauze fans, e111bossed with silver butterflies. One of the unique features of the program was the Hwoolly w0r111 reel? whieh was 1111 old-t'aish- ioned Virginia reel. During the Hclouded 111oth waltz7 the lights were lowered and :1 large 111e- ehanieal moth Hzlpped before the 1110011. 111 the tglettuce fly waltW it great shower of confetti fell 011 the dancers. The chaperones were bliss Bertha Schweitzer and Miss Selma Vegnild of the Normal faculty. EPSILON DELTA Ina June Maynor Emma Koch Anna Cox Tzannettz Bakzr Rose Aldingzr Fay Keever jennie King jessie Kassing Edyth Blaydes Eula. McEwan Amelia Potter Anna Thomas Tillie Harror - Olive James 318 THE VORMAL ADVANCE OMEGA SECTION THE NORMAL ADVANCE 319 W M..-.-.- The hostesses were Misses Gertrude McComb, Orpha Cole, Mercedes Penna, Margaret Lahey, Gertrude Force, Lotta Day, Hazel W 0011811, Katherine McLaughlin7 Zita Caughlin, Esther Soules, Rosella Beecher, Margaret Hagan and Mrs. Hyde. The guests were Prof. and 311's. Louis J. Bettger, Prof. and Mrs. O. L. Kelso, Prof. and Mrs. J. P. Kimmel, Prof. Clippinger, Dr. John White, Miss Bailey, Miss Minturn, Miss Maude W lllkerson and Miss Mabel Mail 0f Vincennes, Prof. Hyde, Miss Lenore Bur- nam 0f VVaveland, Miss Nelle Stibbins 0f Mont- pelier, John W. Baumunk of Brazil, Earl E. Hoffa of Bowling Green, Hernmn Modesitt of Atherton, Charles Baunof WTaveland, Dr. As- bury 0f Coahnont, C. Scott Johnson, Machel, Raymond Ryan, Cecil WVeatheljs, Harry H0- Wick, Ralph Donham, Robert Bennett, Arthur Jones, Otto N. Kadel, George Brown, and Harold Reeder. A 1? ONle A U 0F COLLEGE R11 YJI ES. Our college rhymesfhow light they seem, Like little ghosts of love7s young dream That led our boyish hearts away From lectures and from books, to stray BL: fl :wery mead and fl :Wing Sfreum! Therds nothing here, in form or theme, Of thought sublime or art supreme: We would not have the critic weigh Our college 1'11 ymes. Yet if, perchance, a slender beam Of feelings glow 01' fallcy7s gleam Still lingers in the lines we lay At Alma Elatefs feet today, The touch of Nature may redeem Our college rhymes. w4576mny Van Dyke. JUNIOR OFFICERS CLEM O. THOMPSON, Treasurer, Fall ELIZABETH STANDIFORD Secretary, Spring CARL SCUDDER, Vice-Presidznt, FaII EMORY BINFORD, ViCe-Presidznt, Winter HARRY HOWICK OLIVE JOHNSON President, All Year Vice-President, Spring, Secretary, Winter CLYDE SHAW, Treasurer, Winter and Spring mwajo moHZDH 322 THE NORMAL ADVANCE THE CLASSES JUNIOR. The Junior Class met in Room 13 Friday, April 7 , to elect others for the spring term. The meeting was called to order by M1 . H0- wick and the following officers were elected: President ...................... Mr. Howick Vice-President ................ Miss J ohnson Secretary ................... Miss Standiford Treasurer ........................ TWP. Shaw Class Artist Miss Davies Athletic Captain ................. Mr. Knox On Friday, May 19, at 3 :30 the Class met in Room B to decide upon the entertainment for the Senior Class. It was voted to give a ban- quet and dance at the K. of P. hall on Tues- day night, June 13. The first social meeting of the term was held in the Literary room, Friday, Blay 26, at 8:00 p. m. The following program was given: Vocal Duet ......... Misses Peters and Davies Vocal Solo .................... hIiSS'Shirley Piano Duet ......... Misses Starrin and Edson Vocal Solo ..................... Miss Rogers Reading ..................... Miss Gillespie V 00211 Duet ...... Misses J oyce and Trowbridge Vocal Solo ..................... Mr. Mitchell 801710111 ORE The officers of the Sophomore class are as fol- lows: President ; ................... Herman Byrn Vice-President .................. Oma Brown Treasurer .................. Patience McKey Secretary ..................... Minnie Pauli Oratorical representative ........ Oscar Haney Athletic Director ................ Otis Wilson Class Editor ............... TValtei' Carnelian A ttreal livei7 committee on entertainment has seen to it that the Sophs did not Sleep while the program was being rendered. On this com- mittee were Minnie Pauli, Edith Pescheck, and Oscar Haney. The following program was rendered J une 2, 1911: Eh . WVinkIeI' ....................... Reading Mr. Stewart ..................... Piano Solo Miss Gillespie ...................... Reading Misses Edson and Stairin ......... Piano Duet Mr. lVIitcheH .................... Vocal Solo Mr. Byers ....................... Piano Solo Iii athletics the Sophomores have been at the front during the whole year. Basket ball drew much of its strongest material from this class; it contributes several baseball men to the Nor- inaPs strong team, and in the inter-class track meet the Sophs got the best there was going. And to top all, our president, LVII'. Byrn, has appointed NIr. Haney, Bliss Edson 21nd lVIr. Carnahan to make arrangements for a ttspread? Nothing is definitely settled as yet but if the class is to keep up its past reputation and present' expectations they will have a 4ttiineW The class cannot be disappointed, with 0111' energetic president and the talented mem- bers of the class to see the affair through. Senior, J unior clear the way; XVe are coming day by day. Two more years in I. S. N. Sophomore, Sophomore, Rah! R0! Rem! SOPHOMORE OFFICERS PATIENCE MCKEY, Treasurer, Spring MARY ENLOW, Secretary, Winter MINNIE PAULI, Secretary, Spring OSCAR HANEY, President, Fall and Winter OMA BROWN, Szcretary, Fall H. G. BYRN, President, Spring $4 THE NORMAL ADVANCE SOPHOMORE CLASS THE NORMAL ADVANCE 325 LOCAL and ALUMNI Miss Bertha Edith Dodson and Alvin Rich- ard Neyhouse were married at noon Saturday. J une 3, at the home of the brideis parents, Mr. and Mrs. George Clinton Dodson, 1322 North Eighth street. The attendants were Miss Emma Dodson, sister of the bride, and Edward Ney- house, brother of the groom. The ceremony was read by the Rev. E. W. Dunlavy, pastor of the F irst Methodist Church, in the presence of the immediate families and about fifty friends. After the ceremony a three course Wedding breakfast was served. Misses Emma and Nelle Copeland and the members of the Kappa Delta Tau Sorority assisted in serving the guests. Mr. and Mrs. Neyhouse left for the North for a short trip, after which they return to Terre Haute for the Normal commencement. They will spend the summer in the west, Visiting Yellowstone Park and other places of interest. Mr. and Mrs. Neyhouse Will live in Poseyville, Ind., where the groom is principal of the high school. The ADVANCE extends hearty congratulations to Mr. and Mrs. Neyhouse. Mr. Earl Asher, 710, Will teach at South Bend next year. Mr. Calvin H. Pfingst Will be principal of the Effingham High School next year. He will teach mathematics and science. Mr. Huber Martin Visited friends at I. S. N. May 27-29. He has just closed school at Ver- sailles, Ind. Mr. Guy J ohnson Visited Normal, May 31. Mr. Connor of 1910 class, was elected as su- perintendent of Hymera High School. Mr. M. K. Davis is now an assistant in geography at Normal. Prof. McBeth is planning to take a. trip to Europe in July. Mr. Connor of Connersville, Visited Normal, 1VIay 21. Mr. Goble, who attended Normal during fall and winter terms, was back to see us a few days ago. He says he enjoys the work on the farm very much and invited all persons desiring eX- ercise to his farm. Mr. Clarence Crawford has been elected su- perintendent of Clay City High School. Mr. 1Werri11 Smith was elected principal of the same high school. Mr. Tomlin from Evansville, was at Normal to secure teachers, May 26. Edna Harvey was the guest of Mr. and hIrs. . Reynolds of Brazil, May 27 and 28. Elzie Stewart spent May 13 and 14 Visiting friends at Bloomington. Guy J ohnson Visited friends in Terre Haute, May 31. Louise Peters Visited her sister at Blooming- ton, May 13 and 14. Russell Robinson was Visiting at N ormal, May 30 and 31. 0rd Fortner, who has been out of school since last spring, re-entered, May 29. Margaret Miller returned to her home at Tipton, Ind., for a week end Visit, May 27. Ernest Saunders of Hartford City, was the guest of Olive J ohnson, May 28. Harry Milholland, ?10, is attending school at Bloomington, Ind. . Lena Fish of Bedford has returned for the inid-spring term. Leona Cast spent May 27 and 28 with friends at Greeneastle, Ind. Ethel Burton, Who has been teaching in the high school at Thorntown, Will teach psy- chology at Normal this term. Mrs. Mary F. Barker, 709, was critic teacher in the sixth grade at Angola this year. She will have the same position next year. 326 THE NORMAL ADVANCE Cordelia Caldwell was the guest of Miss Eva Nelson, June 1 t0 5. LVIaude Linkenhoker is attending Chicago University. Mr. A. WV. Youngblood has been making week end calls at Staunton to sing in the Vil- lage choir and Visit Miss Edna Corbin. F10 Mead spent Sunday, May 28, With friends in Shelburn. Elizabeth Roman, Who has been teaching Latin and German in the high school at Comus, Wash, Will return to graduate this spring. M. B. Nugent spent May 27 and 28 at his home at Elnora. Miss Grace Colglazier, Who gave up her school because of illness, has returned home. May Abbott, Who returned to her home to graduate, is in school again. Albert Persching is back for the mid-spring term. Herbert Buckles is at his home at Milgrove after attending medical school at Columbus, Ohio. Claude Brechner graduates from Ann Arbor this year. Next year Mr. Brechner Will be head of the physics department of the Techique High School at Cleveland, Ohio. Ernest Unverferth passed through Terre Haute, recently, on his way to St. Louis to meet his brother, William, Who was to accom- pany him on an extensive trip through the west. Blabel VVOOdy had as her guests her mother and brother of Mt. Vernon, May 30 to June 2. Coradel iVade Will attend school at Chicago University next year. AMERICA. tAddz'tional verses for the National H WMQ I love thine inland seas, Thy groves of giant trees, Thy rolling plains ; Thy rivers mighty sweep7 Thy rystic canyons deep, Thy mountains Wild and steep, A11 thy domains. Thy silver Eastern strands, Thy Golden Gate that stands Wide t0 the West; Thy flowery Southland fair, Thy sweet and crystal aire 0 land beyond compare, Thee I love best. eBy H. Van Dylce. THE NORMAL ADVANCE The rose is fairest When 7tis budding new7 And hope is brightest When it dawns from fears. -Si77 TV. Scott; Lady 0f the Lake. Ocmzfo IV St. 1. e The gifted man is he Who sees the essential point, and leaves all the rest aside as surplus- age. eOaTZyle. He Who learns and makes no use Of his learn- ing, is a beast of burden with a load of books. ePemz'an Provewb. IVOBK. Let me but do my work from day to day, In field or forest, at the desk or loom, In roaring market-place 0r tranquil room; Let me but find it in my heart to say, When vagrant Wishes beckon me astray, 4;This is my work; my blessing, not my doom; Of all Who live, I am the one by Whom This work can best be done in the right way? T hen shall I see it not too great, nor small, T0 suit my spirit and to prove my powers; Then shall I cheerful greet the laboring hours, And cheerful turn, When the long shadows fall At eventide, to play and love and rest, Because I know for me my work is best. e11 677 70y Van Dyke. To look on noble forms Makes noble, through the sensuous organism, That Which is higher. eTemzyson. Nowadays scoundrels look so respectable that, if decent people want to be distinguished from them, they must look like rascals. eOSGW IVz'Zde: Duchess of Padeca, A. IV. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. eanm's Bacon, E ssay 1. Full many a gem of purest ray serene The dark unfathomld caves of ocean bear; Full many a flower is born to blush unsees, And waste its sweetness on the desert air. Grays Elegy. So, link by link, our friendships part, So loosen, break, and fall, A narrowing zone; the loving heart Lives changeless through them all. Oliver TVendeZl H olmes. With memories old and wishes new We crown our cups again And here7s to you and herels to you With love that neler shall wane. H. Van Dyice.