Indiana State University - Sycamore Yearbook (Terre Haute, IN)

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THE NORMAL ADVANCE 15 process hardens the wood, but does not protect it against dampness. However, this treatment has been tried in Massachusetts and found to be economical in spite of the fact that it takes from eight to ten days to complete it. In an experiment, two pieces of wood of the same kind, one of them Kyanized, were buried. After twenty years the Kyanized wood was found to be sound, While the other had rotted. There are many other ways of lengthening the life of timber While in use. By these pro- cesses the cheaper grades of timber that can- not be used for anything else can be profitably utilized for ties. This leaves the valuable hard woods for other uses. The aims of each of these processes are to keep out moisture, insects, to prevent fungus growth, and interior fermentation of the sap. But this is only one side of the question. If the supply of wood is to be unfailing, it must not only be used economically, but the forest supply must be kept up by intelligent cutting and planting of trees. The immediate need, though, is for less profligate use of cut timber. Report of the Auditing Committee for the Senior Class To the Auditing Committee: 'The following is a complete statement of the resources and expenditures of the Senior Class of the Indiana State Normal for the spring . term, 1909: RE SOURCE S Received of Harry E. Davis, former treasurer ......................... $42 00 Received of Otto Schoeppel, chairman Finance committee, Class dues ...... 773 30 $815 30 EXPENDITURES H. A. Kesler, for postage, drayage on caps and gowns ................... $1 00 W. M. FOX, for tickets, printing, base- ball, stamps ...................... 3 70 Will E. Edington, for subscription to . Normal Advance .................. 300 00 S. P. Katzenbach, Treas, for rent of opera house for senior entertainment 100 00 Mrs. G. W. Farris, Jun., for music, June 22, ,09 ....................... 2 00 ' Mrs. J . M..McAdam, for singing, J une 22, 109 ........................... 5 00 S. H. Clark, for reading at senior en- tertainment ....................... 75 00 W. H. Paige 85 Co., for piano rent. . .. 4 00 Otto Schoeppel, for stationary and pic- ture .............................. 1 75 Wm. F. Kamman, for draft payable to W. C. Kern 85 00., for rent 011 caps and gowns ....................... 135 00 $627 45 Balance paid to J . B. Wisley, Stu- dent Fund ....................... 187 85 $815 30 Respectfully submitted, WM. F. KAMMAN, Treas of Senior Class ,09. June 24, 1909. We, the undersigned, members of the audit- . ing committee, after carefully going over the accounts of the expenditures and resources of the Senior class for the spring of 1909, find that the above given report of Wm. F. Kam- man, treasurer for spring of 1909, is correct. tSignedy J OHN B. WISELY, OSCAR FARRIS, C. T. AMICK, MARY E. ROGERS. Auditing Committee.

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14 THE NORMAL ADVANCE W W: under high pressure. In the course of the creosoting process the sap should be thoroughly extracted, and the oil forced into the wood, for the wear of the rail may cut through the sur- face and leave the thus exposed interior of the tie to decay. The following account makes the creosoting process clear. The timber is placed on cars and run into the large iron cylinder. This is then hermetically sealed, and the air pumped out. Live steam is then forced in, destroying the vacuum and giving a temperature of 125 de- grees F . This requires about fifty minutes. The vacuum pump is then started, creating another vacuum. This is done to open the pores of the wood. This requires about fifteen or twenty minutes. Live steam is again forced into the cylinder and the pressure raised to thirty pounds per square inch. This pressure is main- tained from siX to eight hours, according to the condition of the wood. Then the vacuum pump is started again, creating the third vacuum. While this is in progress the tem- perature is raised to about 225 degrees F. The third vacuum is maintained for about five hours, and then the creosote is forced in at the . temperature of 170 degrees F. The pumps are again started and the pressure raised to about ninety pounds per square inch. This pressure is kept up for from one to two hours, after Which the cylinders are opened and the charge drawn out. The Whole process consumes from eighteen to twenty hours. The average amount of creosote is one and three-fourthsgallons per cubic foot of wood. The cost is from $12 to $14 per thousand feet. The average life of the hard wood ties is doubled7 and that of the softer woods trebled and even quadrupled. Some figures show that creosoted ties . in northern F rance lasted twenty-seven years. Cottonwood and maple ties without creosote last three or four years, while creosoted ones last from ten to fourteen years. Another process which has been thoroughly tried out is that of Burnettizing. The process is similar to that of creosoting, but instead of creosote zinc-chloride is used. Here, the time required is shorter, being only from ten to twelve hours. ' The zinc solution, unlike the creosote, is not heated. It has the property of hardenng the wood but makes it brittle. Ties treated in this way are liable to split if exposed to the hot sun, and they cannot be used in damp soil as the , moisture extracts the solution. The rules of the companies using the Burnettized ties are that they should be used only in dry cool regions. To overcome the objections to Burnettized wood When used in damp soil or atmosphere, there are several auxiliary processes. The best. i known of these is the Wellhouse or zinc-tannin process. This is the same as the Burnettizing, only about two pounds of glue is added .to every one hundred pounds of water. This is allowed to stand under one hundred pounds pressure for about two and one-half hours, after which the solution is drawn off and a tannin solution forced in. A pressure of one hundred pounds is maintained for an hour, during which the tannin combines with the glue, forming a leathery water-proof coat Which permanently closes the pores of the wood, thus keeping the zinc inside and the water out. Cottonwood ties treated by the Wellhouse process lasted nine years; sweet gum, nine years; red oak, nine years; black oak, ten years; white cottonwood, eleven years; and Colorado pine, twelve years. These same ties without being treated would have lasted from three to five years. The time element in this process makes it valuable as it takes only about nine hours to treat a load. Another popular process is to heat green ties to a temperature of from 300 to 500 degrees under a pressure of one hundred seventy-fiw pounds per square inch. This can ses a chemical change in the sap, which turns it into a pre- servative. Still another process, Kyanizing, consists of steeping the ties in a solution of bi-chloride of mercury about one pound to eight or ten gal- lons of water. This hardens the wood. This

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16 THE NORMAL ADVANCE The Normal Advance DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL EDITORIAL STAFF WM. L. CONNOR ' ---------------- Editor-in-Chief WALDO F. MITCHELL ------------- t - Associate Editor ERNEST L. WELBORN - - ------------ Literary Editor NELLIE HABERSTICH ------ . ----------- Society Editor JESSE WooD ..................... Athletic Editor W R' VALENTKNE 3 Local and Alumni Editors H ARRY Howxcx ............. CHLOE HOUGHTON ------------------- Senior Editor ............................. J unior Editor CLYDE SHAW ------------------- Sophomore Editor ........................... Freshman Editor HELEN Ross ----------------- College Course Editor BUSINESS STAFF WM. 0. WINKLEB ................. Business Manager MELVIN K. DAVIS -------------- Advertising Managers ADAM BOWLES ................ Circulation Manager BOARD OF CONTROL PRES. W. W. PARSONS, Ex-Omcio PROF. CHAS. M. CURRY, Chairman ARTHUR. CUNNINGHAM, WILL T. BARBRE, C. 0., Secretary WM. H. CAIN, '10 .............. '11 WM. UNVERFETH: 12 Published monthly from October to J une, inclusive. Tm ...................... $1.00 per Year Single Copies . . . .............. 10 Cents Commencement Number .................. 35 Cent Address all communications to THE NORMAL ADVANCE, Terre Haute, Ind. Upon change of address immediately notify TEE ADVANCE. All alumni, as well as undergraduates, are urged to hand in contri- butions. Entered at the Terre Haute post office as second class mail matter. Our editorial staff consists entirely of new members. While it will be for you, the reader, to pass judgment upon our work, we desire to say for ousselves that each one of us expects to put forth his best efforts. This first number is intended to fairly indicate what the ADVANCE will be this year. We bespeak the hearty- co- operation of the entire student body, the alumni, and the fa culty in making the ADVANCE a paper worthy of our School. I. 8.1V. UOLLEGE COURSE DOOMED? NO! The fact that the Governor called a meeting of college presidents of the state to discuss higher education in Indiana has excited the suspicion among a great many people, among Whom are a few students, that an attack is being made on the State institutions of higher i education. This is a mistake. The. meeting was unoiiicial, and was called by the Governor simply to secure authentic information on which to base his recommendations concerning a propriations to Indiana University, Purdue niversity, and Indiana State Normal by the next Legislature. To those who can read the iisigns of the timesli this meeting means the dawning of an era of intelligent co-operation of all educational forces in the State, with the result that great good will come to Indiana. iiAt the afternoon session of the meeting President Ellis 0f Vincennes introduced a reso- lution that neither Purdue 01' the State Normal should confer the degree of bachelor of arts. tIndianapolis Newsy. It was the above reso- lution which gave rise to a rumor, now widely circulated, that the next Legislature would do away with the College Course at I. S. N. This is an altogether fallacious notion, and unwar- ranted by any action taken at the meeting of Indiana college presidents at Indianapolis, Oc- tober 14th. During the course of the discus- sion of this resolution it became plain that I. S. N. was acting within the authority granted by its charter in oifering a College Course lead- ing to the A. B. degree. In fact, the charter re- quires that this institution prepare teachers for the common schools of the State; and, by the recent school legislation, high schools are made a part of the common school system, and a col- lege degree required of one of the teachers in each school. Manifestly then, I. S. N. must offer a college course. ' THE COLLEGE COURSE AT 1. s. N. HAS COME TO STAY, AND WILL CONTINUE TO GRADUATE MEN AND WOMEN WITH THE HIGHEST QUALIFICATIONS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL WORK. THE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. The Athletic Association is worthy of the support of every student at I. S. N. The fact that the board of trustees considers an athletic field, and gymnasia for both men and women