Illinois Junior Academy of Science - Yearbook (Urbana, IL)

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ment to test the respiratory rate and nervousness of a mouse. I also built a centrifuge to bring the mice up to any number' of 'G's and devised a system to take pictures of them while they were being subjected to this force. I took each mouse's heart rate, respiratory rate, and kymograph reading, tnervousnessl, before and after each test, that way each mouse was its own control. To figure out how many 'G's, I was running at, I used the following formula, 'G' I KRPM C 60 X 21 IRJ2 32 X R In my centrifuge I can produce up to 185 'G's, but none of the mice I tested were able to go over 20 'G's. Some could not go past 18 'G's. I found that the gravitational force greatly increases the heart rate, breath rate, and nervousness. I believe that this increase is due to the rapid decrease in 'G's. The body, working hard at more 'G's is suddenly brought into its normal range again, therefore, it speeds up rapidly. I also found that if I subjected a mouse to 3 'G's for 48 hours and slowly stopped him his rates were almost identical to when he went in. I can prove thy picturesl that they became comfortable , would build a nest, and could live as they would at one 'G'. Therefore I conclude that though rapid 'G' stresses do have a great effect, the mice can learn to live under the pressure of above normal gravitational forces. ,,. ,l -.,.. V-: FQ it THE EFFECTS OF HIGH G Probing the Mysteries ot Animal Intelligence DIANE JECKEL Animal intelligence is a baffling and everyday mystery. My project was a study of how fast, intelligent, and efficient hamsters and white mice can be when running through a maze. I started my project December 1, 1965. This gave me a chance to build and purchase my apparatus before I was ready to experiment. I set up my apparatus in our warm, moisture-free basement and conducted my tests there. I terminated my experimentation March 10. 1966. My experimentation included many things. First, I had to purchase the equipment that would serve the purpose of my project. I purchased my equipment in West Palm Beach, Florida. and Peoria, Illinois. My apparatus can be seen in my display. The maze was my main piece of apparatus. This formed all the stages which educated the animals. Comparing the hamsters and white mice, I learned that the hamsters could he educated much easier. The results of my project are pictured on my display. Metabolism and Body Temperature DONNA KUMIEGA gay LEONARD KRUZYSKI m Our Lady of Grace School Chicago, Illinois Sponsors: Mrs. Frances Fu. Miss Therese Donatello The purpose of the project was to study the relationship between metabolism and body temperature of different ani- mals under various factors. The materials needed to proceed were: 1. A temperature gradient chamber. 2. Three volumeters to measure the volume of oxygen consumption. 3. A quick reading thermometer to take the body temperature of the animals. 4. The animals used were mice, frogs, chickens and turtles. The results obtained were: 1. The metabolic rate of a homoiotherm increased with a decrease in the environmental temperature while the body temperature remained constant. 2. In poikilotherms the opposite is true, the metabolic rate decreased with a decreased environmental tem- perature and the body temperature decreased also. 3. Thyroid extract increased the metabolic rate of all animals tested. 4. Aspirin decreased both the metabolic rate and body temperature of all animals. Conclusions drawn were: 1. Homoiotherms possess a heat regulating mechanism in the brain, which aids in keeping a constant body temperature through increased or decreased meta- bolic activity. 2. Poikilotherms do not possess a heat regulating methanism, therefore the body temperature varies with the environmental temperature. 3. Thyroid extract contains thyroxin which is an en- docrine substance liberated by thyroid gland that regulates and controls the metabolism, therefore it increased the metabolic rate in all animals. 4. Aspirin lowers the body temperature which is a well known fact in pharmacology. It lowered the metabolic rate in this experiment presumably due to the lowered temperature in the protoplasm and it is not favorable to some enzymatic reactions.

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Experimentation showed that, in most cases, the routine stain Chematoxylin and eosinl does its job and leukemia can generally be diagnosed without further staining. Cyto- plasm was shown best by the Papanicolaou stain, while the Pappenheim stain showed very good cell differentiation. Wilder's reticulum stain was used for a little different reason. This stain, which demonstrates reticulum, a basic connective element, proved to this writer that the basic re- lationship of tissue elements was destroyed by the leukemia. hyperplasia. The invading leukemic cells. which seem to be centered around the blood vessels of the organs, killed the normal tissue cells, leaving vacules. Even individual cell components were changed. This course, taken by leukemia in living tissue, was clearly shown by the use of histological processes. The Inheritance of the Ability to Taste PTC LARRY GROVER i8l Leland Grade School Leland Sponsor: Norman G. Koerner IAN IL urs:-ml, 'rin-: mm nu we 1: or nm Al!ll.l'I'Y 'll IKSIIC l'll' N H Ninlu-fl-2 :sw 21 n ' ...l . 2' 1 T :mi 2:l 1. in mug is um- n 2l u M1 1 T 12 is in in s 1 ill IH W W! il: lull T T Ill so gil -a YL Ii 1I N ' ' , 1- 1 ,Q ll 'I 1'Y'l ':. in 1' 131 lg.: S 0 soul Ol s I . - .liil 21 1 ' 1 all ll iii . ill ig 94 E l 1 :till 4 :Nil g . n H sql a ill 'S ill 1 if .2 41' l1'1 'pl-'Qual I - - Phenylthiocanbamide CPTCJ is a chemical compound which is tasteless to some people, but definitely tasted by others. Its accidental discovery in the 1920's provided one of the keys which helped to unlock some of the mystery surrounding human inheritance. Most literature states that about 70 percent of American Caucasians are tasters of PTC, whereas 30 percent are non- tasters. Would my community test come close to these per- centages? All of the students in our eighth-year elementary school were tested. Sixty-six percent of the 262 children were tastersg 34 percent were non-tasters. There was a higher percentage of girl tasters than boy tastersg 68 per- cent compared to 63 percent. This fact is also true in larger samples. For the second part of my project several families were tested and studied for the inheritance of the ability to taste PTC. One four generation family consisted of 63 members: another was a small five generation family: and, of course, another was my own. Some family members were tested in person, but out-of-town members were tested through the mail. One limitation of taste testing is that it can only pro- vide the phenotype for each individual. However. since the ability to taste is provided by one or two dominant genes, non-tasters must possess a genotype of homozygous reces- sive. By employing the principles of genetics, I was able to assign genotypes to most members of all the families. Homotransplantation of Mouse Tissue CAROL EGEL Niles Twp. Comm. High School - West Division '0lf'4llQ!wi it ewan , !'5'f -.. -4 'anna l i , l , ii T 3 A possible method for homotransplant of mouse tissue using parabiosis of donor and host mouse to overcome re- jection of grafts. Fatalities during operative procedure was due for the most part to anesthesia overdose. Restraining pairs of parabionts also caused some difficulty. Grafts at the site of parabiosis and other sites flourished until the apparently violent death of the mice twenty-one to twenty- lfour days post-operatively. It was concluded that para- biotic union of mice preceding homotransplants favorably influences the acceptance of tissue'homotransplants. Toler- ance of parabionts to each other's tissue results in temporary inhibition of antibody synthesis, andg therefore, conditional acceptance of homotransplants. GARY GRUNSCHEL Fenton High School Bensenville Sponsor: Mr. Donald Wallrwitx Working from the question: What would happen to a mouse if it is subjected to a gravitational force making it many times its own weight? I built several pieces of equip-

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Lite in lnner Space RONALD KUCHARSKI l7l GARY NEMETH St. Symphorosa School Sponsor: Mrs. Marilyn Halpin in-I The purpose of this experiment was to see if man could live and work under the sea. A hamster was put inside a fish tank and put under the water and kept there for five days. During the five days records were taken. These charts correspond with each other very well. According to the research gathered and the results of the experiment, the conclusion drawn was that man Ksimilar to a hamsterl can live under the sea for a period of time with no physical harm. A Comparison ot Taste Threshold to Sugar Between Flies and People and a Similar Comparison Between People ot Ditterent Ages and Sex DEBBIE LARSEN Jefferson Jr. High School NAIHO - . THE. J .. or IE ' f'5-'fig so s eeer A - , ihi haie ' - nrh -dis 1 5 ' ' 'Y 'eeis ff sif a M.. A 5 . .holla thc. 1 . 1 ..,.u. ad ' -are uwwllly rid vm, i as Serrsihvz - j lgo the teal: O up . .. .pr .f rr it 'ri 1 frjafg gy, , .2 .Qrii'iuu.'-iw -M 'xiii-I all Flies have very sensitive taste receptors located in the small hairs on their legs and feet. These taste receptors are very sensitive to the taste of sugar. People have taste buds located on the tip, edges, and back of the tongue: Sugar was mixed with water in a series of concentra- tions ranging from .002 Molar to 1 Molar and an attempt was made to determine the threshold or point at which the flies and people could taste the sugar. Flies are the most sensitive tasters. The majority of the flies could taste the sugar at .002 Molar. The majority of the people tested could taste the sugar at .0625 Molar which is over a hundred fold more concentrated. One person could taste the sugar at .002 Molar and one person could not taste the sugar until the 1 Molar concentration was reached. In comparing people it was seen that females had a much sharper range than males. Most of the females tasted sugar at .0625 Molar which is the average for all people. The males on the other hand had a broader range with the ma- jority falling between .0325 and .125 Molar. The young people Cage 12-131 had a very similar taste range as the older people tested C age 25-401. Flies are attracted to sugar in nature and sugar makes up a large part of their diet so their sensitive ability to taste sugar is very important to their survival. The Ettect ot Dimethyl sultoxide on the Cardiac Cycle ot the Leopard Frog lR. pipiensl MARGARET LISOWSKI my SUSAN STEPHAN my Immaculate Heart of Mary High School Sponsor: Sister Rose Anthony, I. H. M. The purpose of this project was to see the effect of various concentrations of DMSO on the cardiac cycle of the frog when injected directly into the ventricle. The frog was anesthetized and a simple ventral dissection was performed to expose the ventricle of the heart Vice. DMSO was injected directly into the ventricle. The EKG was observed continuously for one hour, the graph was recorded every five minutes or when a noticeable change occurred in the graph. I found that DMSO stabilizes, stimulates, and depresses depending on the concentrations and means of administration used. 10W-stab. 2596-stim. 5O'k-depr. 55-60fk-lethal 55f1006k-def. lethal.