Illinois Junior Academy of Science - Yearbook (Urbana, IL)

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Although there are many ways of purifying waterg the filtration system is the one most commonly used. It is a cheap and easy way of purifying water. I constructed a water filtration system which contains the eight basic steps of the purification of water. The complete system flows through each step by gravity. My first container represents any river, lake, or stream etc. from which water is pumped. This water then flows into the intake well where large impure particles are screened out, here also, is where the carbon is added which removes the waters bad tastes and odors. From the intake well it flows into the accelator or lime mix where the water is softened, by putting lime in water which removes calcium and magnesium salts that cause hardness in the water. After the water has been softened, it goes into a series of mixing and settling basins. In these basins chlorine, alum. and fluoride are added. Finally, it goes into the eight filters. lActual1y there are eight filters but on my structure I only displayed one.J These filters are composed of three different layers. The first layer is of gravel, the second of course sand, and the third of fine sand. When the water finishes going through the filters it empties into the clear well which is a large storage tank. My results were: clean water. In approximately eight minutes my complete cycle had changed dirty river water into clean, clear water suitable to drink. Coal BARBIE GENENBACHER PEGGY GRAHAM St. Francis School Quincy Sponsor: Sister Ruth Arm S.S.N.D. Our project consists of the entire story of coal, from formation to the many products derived from coal. The display of our project consisted of posters showing the tipple, leading coal areas, shaft mine, products, layers of earth, and pictures of the different various types of mines. Also displayed were the sizes and kinds of coal, fossils we made, showing how coal is formed, products of coal, pam- phlets, and a book containing samples of things talked about in the story of coal. Coal is a soft brown or black rock. It is often called black magic, buried sunlight and other names because of its great powerful uses. Coal is used many different ways. Some of the most important are: to make gas, diamonds, and other products, to burn for heat, to supply power, gcn- erate electricity, and combine with other resources to make steel and iron. The U.S. produces the most coal in the world, besides Russia, but also has the greates coal reserves. By our project, we feel that we have learned much about the story of coal and its real meaning. Germinaiion Under Fiberglass RONALD TAKASHIMA l8l William F. Gurrie Central Junior High LaGrange Sponsor: Mr. Joseph Crisanti GERMINATION llB My project is to determine why the Famcomat Fiber- glass produces fast germination and more even growth. The Famcomat manufactured by the American Filter Company, was just introduced last year and the reason why it promotes faster and more even growth of grass is still basically unknown. I recorded the temperature of the bare soil and the thick iii inch Famcomat and found that the soil under Famcomat was about lk degree warmer. As com- pared to the bare soil, the total number of seeds germinated under the mat cover was far greater. This in all probability was due to the constant and controlled moisture content. My experiments also proved that germination occurred at least one week faster and more evenly under the mat than that of the control. I am doing further investigation and experiments to de- termine if the type of binding agent used in the manufac- turing process could cause the difference in germination and temporary growth. Presently, urea-formaldehyde resin is used to hold the fiberglass in place. If during the watering process, urea, a good nitrogen fertilizer, is released from the binding and taken up by the seed, promotion of immediate growth may occur. With the constant moisture and warmth provided by the Famcomat, is is probable that a faster and more uniform growth is obtained.

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