Hartwell High School - Wave Lengths Yearbook (Cincinnati, OH)

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g. 3-5th CZDDorla' Go-opemtion---a Wecessz'ty CEHE chief force of the nineteenth century was nationalism. The peoples of both the old and the new world centered their interests within their own respective countries. The century was one of great unrest Within the Chief governments of the world. Greece, revolting from the harsh rule of the Turks, established its own national state; Hungary attempted to overthrow its Austrian despots; Italy, seizing the provinces ruled by the Pope and France, established a united Italy; Ireland tried to break away from the rule of England; France had her ambitious Napoleon; Germany experienced continuous uprisings of its freedom-loving citizens; and, in our own country the in- tractable question of slavery precipitated the States into a civil war. Indeed, the nine- teenth century was marked by such a devotion of energies in national interests and such a development of concentrated selehness that some historians have attributed the general restlessness and the increasing number of wars of modern times to the conversion of nationalism into fetichism. Since the World War, however, nineteenth century nationalism has been side- tracked for twentieth century internationalism. PractiCally all the civilized nations of the earth were involved in the tremendous conflict of the World War. Poverty and pain, ruin and destruction, the tumbling of great powers, and the rumbling, subsiding dis- turbances, which the world is still experiencing, followed its tracks. Confronted with the realization that science had bridged the formerly prohibitive distances and had made the destruction of life so inhumanly cruel and so subtly far reaching as to threaten the very foundation of Western CiviliZation, the world agreed that international wars must cease; that diplomacy must be increased; and that the open treaty policy should be encouraged. Not the least reason for the need of greater diplomatic relationship between nations is the present industrial revolution. To-day great corporations rule the industrial world These corporations are not content to supply the demand within their own countries, but endeavor to place their goods in foreign markets. The interest in foreign trade has, of course, been greatly influenced by the modern means of transportation and communication. Each year sees new records of speed created by steamships, zeppelins, and aeroplanes; each year new methods are devised to make shipping and traveling more economical in cost and time. The rivalry for international trade has caused the industrial and agricultural interests of each country to specialize in the production of articles which it can pro- duce at less COst than any other country, India supplies the world with rubber; Brazil, with coffee; Japan, with raw silk fibers; Germany, with chemicals; England, with hides and wool; France, with cosmetics; and the United States, with iron and steel manu- factures. N0 nation, therefore, is economically self-sufFicient to-day; each is interde- pendent. Now, if this interchange of the wealth of the world, which has been so intensified by the industrial revolution, is to continue, the world must maintain peace. Economic peace through co-operation is essential; but the twentieth century is experiencing the realization that political internationalism and economic co-operation go hand in hand. Nations must no longer depend upon alliances and counter-alliances as a security against war. An organization must be established in which all the states of the world are a part, and whose aims are to secure peace and co-operation between all nations. Such an organization for the promotion of international peace and security, by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war; by the prescription of pen, just and honorable relations between nations; by the hrm establishment of the understanding of 34

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3-1 1-1 1-: id He who would Climb to heights sublime Or breathe the purer air of life, Must not expect to rest in case, But brace himself for trial or strifej, On the other hand, the craving for something higher and better is the best pos- sible antidote, or remedy, for the lower tendencies of human nature. The weakening through mnlunutrition of the undesirable human traits necessarily follows the strength- ening of the desire for the finer things of life. If :1 man constantly strives is he not elevated? His aspiration finally becomes inspiration and ennobles his whole life. It, therefore, behooves us never to discourage not refuse to heed the inner voice; for if we do, the urge will become less insistent until it finally will cease to exist, and life will become stagnant and dead. XVc must be ever up and doing. There is no rest in growth for growth means Change, spurred by the inner urge. There is no limit, where ambition abides, to human growth. When ve reach the height which looks so attractive from below, we find our new position as unsatisfactory as the old one A perpetual call to go higher and higher rings in our ears; :1 divine impulse constantly urges us to move on toward eternal perfection, for A mnifs reach should exceed his grasp, or whatis a heaven for? To the heights we, like the magnetized needles of the Mnrineris compass swing, spurred on by the inner urge to struggle with destinye-the inner urge, which is heavens own incentive to make mania purpose great and his achievement greater. MARGARET LOTH 33 p.

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ow l-t w-I --z international law as the actual rule of conduct among governments, and, by the main- tenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another, was proposed by President Wilson, who felt he was carrying out the idea of the American people by insisting upon incorporating in the peace treaty of Versailles, provisions for a League of Nations, Wilsonls proposition was repudiated, however, by his antagonists in this country. There was constant bombardment here against the idea of entangling alliances. In the spring of this year, nevertheless, the tenth birthday anniversary of the League of Nations was celebrated all over the world, For ten years the League has been active in accomplishing two thingseintetnational peace and international co-operation. During the hrst hve years of the Leaguels existance, its machinery has checked at least two wars between European countries; the serious dispute between Sweden and Finland as to the ownership of the Aland Islands1 and the troublesome question of the division of Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland. Then, too, it has to its credit the establish- ment of an international labor organization whose chief aims are to secure better work- ing conditions and to stabilize employment throughout the industrial world. Probably the greatest accomplishment of the League thus far is the Permanent Court of International Justice. This World Court represents a great improvement over the old Hague Tribunal, in that it has fifteen international lawyers who serve as judges for nine-yenr terms. The old Hague Tribunal was merely :1 panel of internationally known men, from which arbitrators might be chosen. The World Court is a permanent organization which meets annually and is always ready to decide conflicts on the basis of accepted international law. The United States has promised to join the court, provided that she be permitted to enter with four special reservations. The four reservations have been accepted by the members of the Court, and now it lies with the Senate of our government to keep our promise and to become a member of the World Court. Fifty-four nations are included in the membership of the League of Nations, but the original ideal of the establishment of the League has not been reached for there are a few countries today that are not members of the organization. The United States is foremost on the list of non-members. America, nevertheless, cannot remain forever isolated from the League of Nations. This is the day of world economic independence, world advertising and world markets. America is the creditor nation of the world; all the world looks to it for leadership. Now is the time to exercise that desire for justice which has always characterized American policy. There is no better opportunity to show our faith in and love of peace than by co-operuting with the League of Nations CARL HOCKMUTH 35 oo