Emmerich Manual High School - Ivian Yearbook (Indianapolis, IN)

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MIND AND HAND. 25 I W2 B.Bur[ord I lndpla,Jnd. PATTERNS FOR WOODWORKING LATHE, MADE BY STUDENTS IN THE COURSE IN PATTERN MAKING. ROUGH CASTINGS FOR WOODWORKING LATHE, MADE BY STUDENTS IN THE COURSE IN FOUNDRY.

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24 MIND AND HAND. PATTERN MAKING. ©NE of the most interesting and in- structive studies m the technical de- partment is that of pattern making. The patterns made in this department are generally of pine or cherry. They are used by the foundry class in making cast- ings required in the machine room. The first patterns in Course I. are not very difficult. They are given merely as exercises to make the student more famil- iar with the handling of his tools and the problems of draft, finish and coring. In solving these problems, he must know how the pattern is to be molded, whether in a two or three part flask. He then adds the draft accordingly, so that the pattern may be easily drawn from the sand. There is no set rule for the al- lowance for draft, but is generally about one-thirty-second of an inch increase in width to one inch in height. Finish is an allowance added when the castings are to be filed, planed or turned. The allowance for finish is about one-six- teenth of an inch, but varies with the size and shape of the casting. The shrinkage of iron is about one-eighth of an inch to the foot, and must be figured out for each pat- tern. For convenence, a pattern maker ' s or ' ' shrink rule may be used. He must also know whether a green or dry sand core is required. It the former is needed, he must leave a hole in the pattern corresponding to the core; but if a dry sand core is wanted, he adds core prints to the pattern where the hole should be. These core prints leave impressions in the sand in which the core rests. The core-boxes, in which the cores are made, are sometimes more difficult to make than the pattern. They are usually made of several pieces glued together, a joint being made for each change in the diame- ter of the core. The shape of the core corresponds to the cavity in the casting. In making such patterns as pulleys, live cones, etc., the warping of the wood must be taken into consideraion. The patterns could be made from one piece, but after being used several times in the damp sand they might warp so much that they could not be used again. Wood shrinks most across the grain, and to prevent this the pattern is built up, that is, made of several layers. Each layer consists of six, eight or any convenient number of pieces. These pieces are cut and glued so that the grain of the wood practically runs with the cir- cumference of the pattern. The patterns in the latter part of Course I. become more practical and difficult than in the beginning, but in Course II. they are still more complex. The boys in the advance class are at present making pat- terns for a wood lathe which is to be used in the shop. Each boy is required to make a complete sketch of his pattern before he can proceed to work upon it. These drawings, requir- ing much study and time, are, undoubtedly, very good practice. Chas. Cabalzer. THE FOUNDRY. THE foundry is a well lighted room, con- taining in one part two rows of benches, which give working space and hold the apparatus for some twenty one pupils, and in the other is the cupola, core- oven and pouring floor. The work done here requires one year, and this conveniently divided into the first and second terms. During the first term the beginner is made acquainted with the manner and uses of a moulder ' s tools. He learns how to make, and is given time to become fairly pro- ficient in the various kinds of moulds which

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26 MIND AND HAND. are commonly used by all foundry men. The pupil has in this term several chances of seeing his moulds practically applied by the advanced class in castio . By this plan the evidence of any defect in the mould is brought to light, and he can learn to guard against the fault in the future, or if the casting is perfect he has the pleasure of noting the confirmation of work properly and conscientiously done. In addition to this active and practical course in the foundry he is required to attend lectures explaining the properties and composition of the various moulding sands, facing material and cast iron. The main feature of the second term is the casting. The pupils, under the super- vision of the instructor, charge the cupola and run off the charge. These runs, as they are called, take place about every three weeks, and the intervening time is occupied in preparing special moulds that are too difficult for the first class. This special work for the present term consists in making all the parts of wood lathes to be used in the wood turning department of our school. Lectures are to be attended as in the pre- ceding term, and they consist of talks explaining the handling and qualities of the various brands of pig iron from the time it is mined until it is finished in the machine room as a casting. The construc- tion and mode of charg ing blast furnaces and cupolas are also dwelt upon. Visits to the iron working shops of the large manufacturing plants in this city are made during this term, and it is expected that the boys gain an adequate idea of what their work shall be should they adopt moulding as a profession. It were absurd to think that the purpose of the foundry is to produce full-fledged moulders. A consideration of the short time devoted and the comparatively limited equipment of the foundry will at once explode such a supposition. Our purpose is to give the pupil a general idea of foundry work, to let him see what it is, to let him find out whether he has a talent or a liking for this branch of mechanic arts. If the pupil enters the class with the determina- tion to become a moulder there is no public school in the country of the I. T. S. stamp which will so quickly, so thoroughly give him a wide general view of foundry work or such an excellent and practical founda- tion for the same. We give him a start. Time and experience can only accomplish the rest. Delos Aliu. SEWING. riAHE sewing rooms are among the most X pleasant in the building. The bright sunlight streaming in through so many windows, and the healthy-lookirg plants, make very pleasant work-rooms. Here we have a new sort of freedom, which could not be allowed in other recitations, and the bounds of which are seldom overstepped. The work of the first year cons ' sts in making very small models, in which all the different stitches of hand-sewing are learned. Extra work is done by busy bee workers, who are ahead of the class, such as dainty handkerchiefs, baby dresses,, or new models. This is always an incentive to slower, indifferent pupils. To write up the lessons clearly and con- cisely is hard to do, but is a proof that the work is clearly understood, and we find these lessons very valuable for future reference. Aside from the models, lessons are given upon all the materials which we use. Cot- ton, wool, silk, pins, needles, etc., are taker from the raw state to the time when ready for use.