Duke University School of Medicine - Aesculapian Yearbook (Durham, NC)

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Physiology anh Bbarmarulugp 1 . an 54 J ' I a ?l ,, x 'V I 1-v-r'+.,f W 9 - 1 -'Pnl , ...- - l v ' I.' , I l as s Y Y v-f A h' 4 h.: Y , Tl f f v l f is B' - .xr 1 1 '- ,Q . 2- ' F G H811 F. Bernheim G. S. Eadie W. E. DeTurk K. E. Penrod W. E. Hull MCC. Goodall, Jr From the opening of the medical school, medical physiology and pharmacology have been taught by the same staff in a manner thought to be favorable to the integration of these two subjects into the medical curricu- lum. Emphasis has been on the presentation of the fundamental principles of these two sciences. ' Dr. George S. Eadie was the first chairman of the department and he was assisted by Dr. Frederick Bernheim and Dr. Forrest D. Mc- Crea in the original organization. Dr. Mc- Donald Dick joined the staff in 1932. Dr. John Dann served as Professor of Nutrition from 1934 until his death in 1948. During the War years Dr. Percy Dawson taught as a Visiting Professor. Dr. Henry Kohn and Dr. Sidney Ellis were also members of the staff during the early postwar years. Dr. William DeTurk joined the staff in 1949. Dr. F. G. Hall became Chairman of the Department in 1949. Dr. Kenneth Penrod was added to the staff in 1950 and Dr. Wayland E. Hull replaced Dr. McCrea upon the latter's resignation in 1953. Dr. Otto Gauer was in the department from 1953-1955. Dr. McChesney Goodall is now in residence as a Visiting Associate Professor of Physiology and American Heart Fellow. Progress in teaching methods has been made along several lines. There has been a gradual change from the teaching of classical animal experiments to a greater emphasis on experi- ments on normal human subjects. There has also been a change in the content and schedule which favors correlation with biochemistry. Nutrition which was taught in this department before the War has been transferred to bio- chemistry. There is now a greater emphasis given to cardiovascular physiology and endoc- rinology. The department has also expanded its teaching program to instruction of nurses, physical therapists and gradute students. Members of the department have been active in research. Some of the research ields have been enzyme and cellular metabolism, mode of drug action, aviation physiology, oxygen toxicity, body fluid balance, heart sounds, endocrine metabolism, regulation of respira- tion, blood preservation, prenatal and postnatal hemoglobin studies, etc. While the number of students has increased and new members have been added to the staff, the amount of research and teaching space has been drastically reduced because of the increasing needs of the hospital for clinical services. F. G. HALL, Ph.D.

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Eehiatrins f--L -ig: . g V 6 f Q Q, ,,, ' ..........-4 ., .., e-,G ,Ai I 'A W, M' a t. t xl, -.suv , , sf, .5 K ' 'J if J S Harris W. C. Davison J. M. Arena S. C. Dees A. McBryde W. J. A. DeMarla F. P. Anderson ra?- I an .29 .. fs? 'wif' -,. ,...4Hkr V ,lg .tg 4 -an-if t sm, ' ' . , 45 t 4' i 03 Q ,ZX ,sl X Q 3 i In the beginning, there was the Dean. And the Dean said, Let there be a Department of Pediatrics. Thus began the Duke Medical School and the Depart- ment of Pediatrics. Growth and development of these two newborns were rapidg sometimes orderly, some- times tumultuous, often With growing fxains, occasion- ally with behaviour disturbances, but a ways under the kindly, perceptive, authoritative, yet permissive guid- ance of Dr. Davison, to whom both owe their origins and direction. Assisting at the birth of the Pediatric Department was Miss Sherwood, who has been gently and tenderly caring for it, our patients fand our staffl ever since. Additions to the teaching staff had to be made fairly rapidly because of the increasing demands of students and patients. Dr. London assisted part time during the First two years. At that time, there was but one resident and one intern. Dr. Angus McBryde joined the staff in 1932 and Dr. Jay Arena in 1935. In 1937 Dr. Jerome Harris became the first full time member of the teaching staff. Dr. Susan Dees joined the staff in 1939, Dr. William DeMaria in 1951 and Dr. Doris Howell in 1955. Prior to the war the house staff had to be increased to 6 interns and 4 assistant residents. At the present time, the complement is 18 straight and 4 split pediatric-obstetric interns and residents. Until 1932, the outpatient clinic was open only three afternoons per week and could easily handle the patient load. Daily clinics were necessary by 1933. A morning well baby clinic was added in 1936. By 1949, there were specialty clinics in child guidance, convulsive disorders, allergy, heart disease and kidney disturbances in addition to two well baby clinics and the daily afternoon clinics. On some days, 200 patients are seen-plus countless mothers, grandmothers, aunts and sometimes even fathers. The department has experienced a strange and most baffling growth disturbance-precocious behaviour de- velopment as manifested by patient service, teaching load, research, etc., accompanied by severe retardation in physical developments: in fact, a shrinking dwarf- ism. In 1946, the number of pediatric beds listed in the catalogue decreased from 52 to 40. Further, the fv ., ,f , ,sa ---- ,QFQ 3 5 iii, t 1 I I , , ,, y .1 'N Q ' x Q ' fs N 1 size of the outpatient clinic diminished by the loss of several rooms. Although the etiology of this un- fortunate condition is obscure, it is hoped that therapy with a new outpatient department in the building under construction and the addition of the Jvresent outpatient clinic to the Howland Ward facili es will correct this growth imbalance. There have been several changes in staff. Dr. H. Grant Taylor left to become Dean of the Postgraduate School of Medicine at the University of Texas while Dr. I-I. B. O'Rear became Professor and Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics and Dean of Faculty at the University of Georgia. Dr. Robert Lawson has since become Professor of Pediatrics first at Bowman Gray School of Medicine and recently at the University of Miami School of Medicine. In 1954, Dr. Davison resigned as Chairman of the Department because of the increasing burden of his duties as Dean and the many demands made for his advice and aid by institu- tions all over the world. Dr. Harris was appointed chairman to succeed him. The Department has had three main but interde- pendent goalsg teaching, service to children and re- search. A strong research program has included studies on many phases of pediatrics. By 1952, over two hundred papers, one book and-several chapters in other books had been written by the staff. Service to patients has already been mentioned. Throughout, the primary function of teaching has been to help students understand children and learn how to keep them well. The emphasis has shifted from the care of the acutely ill infant fthe summer diarrheas and the winter respiratory infectionsl to the prevention of disease and the amelioration of chronic illness and disability. Increasing attention is being paid to the child's total development since our ultimate aixn of teaching, research and service is to deliver into adult- hood not only physically healthy specimens but also emotionally mature and stable individuals who can function at optimal inherited capacity and be responsi- ble citizens of the community. JEROME S. HARRIS, M.D. lf

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