Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Institute - Breezes Yearbook (Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada)

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60 D. M. C. I. BREEZES weird and terrible shapes of life haunt the black icy waters of this com¬ paratively unknown world. It is possible that the floor of the ocean is as bright as the surface of a lake on a cloudless summer night, and in places the great abysses of the sea are like a city street with all its lights ablaze. The phosphorescent light of the deep-sea creatures, like the light of the glow-worm, is made without any waste whatever in heat. It is a pure light, and a huge fortune awaits the man who discovers the secret of how to make light in this way. These creatures of the sea have a sec¬ ret which would be worth millions of dollars to us who live on land. The great problem that perplexes the explorers of the deep-sea is the question of how light is maintained so far below the surface of the water. What do the creatures of the depths feed upon? It is clear that they cannot keep up life merely by feeding upon each other, for the largest one would eventually swallow all the rest and then die of starva¬ tion, because there was nothing more for it to feed upon. All animal life must have plant life upon which to feed; this is as true of wild, strange animals of the deep, as it is of the cattle of our pastures. How¬ ever, we have seen that no ordinary plants grow in the sunless under¬ world of water. How then is animal life maintained there? Man will never stand in the ocean abysses as far below the sea level as Mt. Everest is above it. Of this we are almost sure, for it would need a submarine or some other such device with a window strong enough to resist the weight of Mt. Everest. Man will go on inventing and the explorer will go on discovering, and we shall know more and more of the regions of the depths of the sea; but never, perhaps, will man fling open the gates of death and darkness which hide from our •eyes the wonderful life in the depths of the ocean. —Sergius Fraser, Room 21. VEZELAY, LA BASILIGNE, FRANCE The souvenir chosen by the Graduating Classes to present to the school is a famous picture by Robert Fulton Logan, a Manitoba boy, born at Lauder and educated in the Mulvey School. The picture is of historic interest. The Basilica was built by St. Bernard and the monks of the monastrv at Vezelay in the early part of the 12th century. St. Bernard’s father, a knight, perished in the first Crusade. St. Bernard was the most powerful preacher of the age and was called upon by the Pope to preach a Crusade. Later, Richard Couer de Lion, with his Crusaders, stopped at this Basilica for consecration on his way to the Holy Land. This etching was the outstanding one of a group of three by which Mr. Logan won his place in the Paris salon of 1926 and is at present in a permanent collection in the British Museum, Luxembourg Galleries and Congressional Library, Washington, and a copy now hangs in the Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Institute.

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D. M. C. I. BREEZES 50 great blue depths. The explorers have also devised many instruments which would record the conditions of life in the abysses of the ocean— instruments which would measure the coldness of the deep-sea water and wonderful little bottles that will open when they touch bottom and fill themselves with the water there, then close up so tightly that the water at higher levels cannot enter. The nets are made in somewhat the same fashion, opening as they touch the bottom and closing as soon as they are raised a foot or two from the floor of the sea. By such means as these many years have been spent in exploring the new kingdom of the sea and the life there and in studying the mar¬ vellous creatures that are discovered. As a result, in the last few years they have obtained a clear idea of the weird and marvellous country which, though it lies quite close to us, is shut off from our eyes by the gates of death. Eternal darkness covers it and it is very cold, yet full of beautiful life. In some places the deep-sea floor is covered with a tall growth of branching stems often eighteen feet high, of a pale lilac color and a fairy radiance. It is not a plant, but a grouping of animals that grow together, called polyp. It resembles a living wheat field in a slow, chilled, tidal current, glowing with a soft, suffused light, and sparkling and flashing at the slightest touch; now and then, breaking into a vivid brightness showing the path that some fish has taken through this region of enchanted loveliness. Blind, red, crab-like forms crawd in and out of the strange under¬ growth. Many of the creatures living in this sunless world of water not only have eyes, but shine with an inner radiance. There are living stars with a green, scintillating light; sea-snakes with a white flame; lobsters,, pouring from their feelers a cloud of blue splendor; and creatures like miniature lighthouses flashing out red, yellow and green lights. There are indeed myriads of little forms which carry small, natural lights about with them as they wander in the awful darkness of the deep sea. Only twelve hundred yards beneath the level of our shores lies this land of life, in which many things emit a soft and lovely radiance. The fishes there are often quite different from the ones that the fishermen catch in shallower waters. There is, for instance, a kind of sea-salmon with a line of natural lamps extending down the length of its body. Another dark fish which has two rows of red lamps running from its head to its tail, and one hundred and fifty little lights elsewhere on its back; this fish surely must be able to see its way clearly through the inky darkness of an ocean abyss. Some fishes carry their lamps on the end of dangling fibres; in others the centres of light are placed behind the eyes or elsewhere on the head. One of the most beautiful of all these strange creatures of light is a kind of brittle star, called the “Glory of the Seas,” one of which was caught on iron hooks sent down into three thousand feet of water. It is a star-shaped creature with long arms and has a brilliant green rad¬ iance—now sparkling at the centre of its body in a dazzling blaze, and then shooting along first one arm and then another. Sometimes the whole outline of this fish is lighted up with strange, wild, and beautiful green flames. There are also gigantic cuttle-fish, with suckers of enor¬ mous lengths, moving about like huge animated fireworks; and other

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D. M. C. I. B KEEZES 6! GRADUATING CLASSES XII.—ROOM 58 President, Clair Zyrd; Vice-President, Jean Murdoch; Secretary, Cherry. Crawford; Sports Captains, Douglas Tedford, Clemency Duns- more; Marion Archibald, Louise Bewick, Lucy Boothman, Beulah Braid, Beatrice Brooks, Gwendoline Carter, Gladys Conklin, Frances Fox, Betty Francis, Lilja Guttormsson, Minnie Hantscharuk, Christina Horn, Marguerite Ilodge, Edith Horton, Swanhuit Johannesson, Evelyn King, Jessie Little, Edna Mason, Ruby Palmason, Beatrice Quilliams, Sadie Robbins, Mabel Sheard, Christina Steel, Emma Stephenson, Mil¬ dred Storsater, Eleanor Thomas, Audrey Thompson, Thelma Wallman, Norma Williams, Agnes Willms, Abram de Fehr, Reuben Groves, Os¬ borne Hawkins, Llewellyn Johns, James McKay, Charles Morden, Jack Palmason, William Pfeffer, Willis Wheatley, Percy Smith. XI.A—ROOM 56 President, Harold Finsness; Vice-President, Margaret Marsh; Sec¬ retary, Marjorie Miller; Sports Captains, Helen McLennan, Douglas Cook; Margaret Ashley, Margaret Boyd, Eleanor Bradburn, Jean Camp- Bell, Eileen Diamond, Mildred Dudley, Margaret Einarson, Ella Fin- layson, Gladys Horton, Jean Johnson, Mildred Johnston, Phyllis Louttit, Helen McLellan, Kathleen Main, Margaret Perley, Hilda Phelps, Evelyn Rollins, Betty Sawyer, Alice Shanks, Marie Smith, Mary Smith, Irma Sturk, Morris Gerlovin, Kearns Glass, Clifford Greenberg, Herman Johnson, Gordon Josie, William Kibblewhite, Jack Mar, Dick Misener, Keith Moore, Harold Podworny, John Ridge, Vaughan Russell, Stanley Steinman. XI.B—ROOM 55 President, Donald Hatch; Vice-President, Mary Mann; Secretary, Helen Harker; Sports Captains, Lloyd Rankin, Catherine Miller; Mar¬ garet Anderson, Beth Campbell, Kathleen Carson, Marjorie Coughlin, Margaret Cunningham, Doris Dalton, Lillian Furney, Helen Hallson, Avril Hill, Laura Johnson, Vera Lamont, Nellie Lucas, Mollie Mac- pherson, Marjorie Melnnis, Marjorie Nicholson, Esther Olafson, Ruby Orris, Marjorie Pearson, Nellie Sellwood, Millicent Smith, Mary Tyn¬ dall, Sam Baird, Charles Brandt, Stanley Boulter, Clarence Campbell, Dom. Costantino, Sam Gerlovin, Jack Hamlin, George Heuc ' hert, Lewis Jackson, Robert Paul, Leonard Quarnstrom, William Ross, Clifford Wood. XI.C—ROOM 53 President, Pauline Johnson; Vice-President, Pearl Derraugh; Sec¬ retary, Pearl Derraugh; Sports Captain, Beatrice Lu ' dwickson; Olivia Anderson, Tngibjorg Bjornson, May Black, Christabel Blevins, Mar¬ garet Bowser, Anna Breadner, Grace Cairns, Isabella Craig, Theresa