Danforth Technical School - Tech Tatler Yearbook (Toronto, Ontario Canada)

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Underwater Welding by Harold Canning CllTSlD Underwater welding takes a lot of skill and the ability to weld in all conditions. You should be well prepared for the job. Underwater welding is done primarily on mild steel with special underwater welding electrodes that develop strength electrodes. These will produce welds 802 of the tensile and 502 of the ductility of similar welds made on the surface. If a weld to be made is of a critical nature, it is generally advisable to make a test weld at the same water depth and working conditions. The power source for under- water welding is a 300 ampere De generator connected for straight polarity. An insulated durable electrode holder which permits the easy changing of electrodes. The welding is done with 3!l6H or 5!32H diameter electrode. The two commercial brands of electrodes are Flexarc Sw and Lincoln Fleetweld 37. It's a good idea to waterproof 4. Place the end of the electrode against the lsft endo of the work at about l5 to 45 and called for current on. Press the electrode against the work and move the electrode along the line of weld at an even speed! After the electrode has burned down to the stub, call for current off. 5. Clean the end of the previous deposits and make a slight overlapajz when the weld is resumed. 6. Use the same technique for the elctrodes in some waterproofing te1ephOne. The diver ShOu1d solution. when it is waterproofed, care must be taken to clean off the tips so enough of the bare wire is exposed for easy starting of the arc. To weld under water you have to follow these steps. l. with 3!l6U electrodes, set the machine for 225 to 280 amps, at a depth of 50 feet in the water. The 5!32H electrodes use less current and are consumed in a slightly shorter time than 3!l6H electrodes. 2. Because of poor vision under water, fillet welds should be used in order to provide an edge that the diver can use as a guide. The work must be clear. 3. Attach the ground clamp as close as possible to the section to be welded. O, I 3611 'Wa 'Wa wffaswafx, xeeswofwaxaeasavafw , caxaassxfx eaeameex, ,axwfwffwafxfxemmewxx yaewaeewfwffwexwwam .fx wqxfxydxfxfmvwwfx iyaxeywxwxxaxaewwx we 369Wv'367d3696CWv'7o5f095 wx, eaxewwafwfxafx 3 ':25'AWo'W:9596'7fZv 0 W1 xfwafx, wax M wfxfxfx 7f7f6 9WPA7:?6?6'7fZv '7P!PWWf7a'w6'Z:'fo'Z 7fW1'Wf'Zff1fZv96'X:'X: 7aWa7oWfWPWo70fWo'7o'7vWo'2 vertical welds. , 2070 0 0301 0 0 0030900000057 7. Overhead welds require M35 Zwgmzawawyawagzwggwzw greater skills. If you increase X96 Zmwgwwywwemywwgy M th8 angle of the electrode up to WX, ywfawfoygcwdygyafyofygo ff 55 it will help improve the 331 Z 0 ,OO A contour of the weld. X90 fawagzkmvwaagmn , 9JWo'Wf7o'7oVvWfA0!fA fb xfwfffffxfffffwfx W xfwwaxfxfxffofx ff? xeawwofxm, Eight Most Important Safety 7vw recautions 00 75? 00000 W 267675022022 l. Only a qualified diver and 7? WOVWM assisted by an experienced tender fo? WWJSWJXJ should attempt underwater welding. Q' VJEQSWM 2. The diver should also practice AW VA, ZIICKUXUZP above water. 070 703650 3. Instructions from the 7570? ?W1 equipment manufacturer should be f:76?5?69WaS'6WZvi596 followed carefully. ,X A W5 ZZ 4. The diving gear should be in 0,72'6Wf7w0Wa I AWA good condition, and equipped fffl'9 70W Y ffffw' with a reliable loudspeaker ywogfm 0 wear rubber mittens. X 5. The diver must not permit X X any part of his body or gear to X X become a part of the electric C'iY'CUlt. JQQQC :Dc 6. The current should be off at X all times except when the diver XXXXX Xxx is actually cutting or welding at X XX XX the work. X X X X X 7. After each day's use, the X XX XX torch or welding holder should x xxx x be rinsed in fresh water and X X dried. This is to help maintain XX XDCXXX U proper operating efficiency. X XXX5 XXX X 8. Because difficult footing X XXXXXX X X and poor visibility generally XXXXXXX X X, handle torch orvmlding holder XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX with care, staying completely XXg X X clear of all hoses and avoiding xx x XXX X X too much slack in his lines. x x XXX X X Keep all hoses and lines away x x X X from the cutting or welding x :x x x x XX operation. X X X X X X x x In conclusion, underwater x x xxx x x welding is a very challenging XX XXX X X job. It could be fun welding x X X under water and it can also x X X be very dangerous if you are X XXXX X not qualified to do the job. XXXXX XX xxx x xxx x xx JCC

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6 n I i I ot Addicted by Denny Zezelic Cl2TK2l One of my greatest interests in the automobile. It is a cinating piece of machinery t doesn't receive the ognition it should. It is bably one of the most ful things man has created for iety's use. It is used ly, from going to the corner re to transporting cargo by ck across the country. I first got interested in s when I was about fifteen rs old. One day I purchased ouple of hot rod magazines a store located in a plaza. first I just browsed through looking at the colourful tures of cars bearing ChY0m9 erchargers protruding strously atop the custom hood cially manufactured with a e which is big enough to it the blower to stick up gasp for the extra volume of needed for the powerful pressors to operate sufficiently. I perused the colourful tographs,I noticed three cars t stuck out from the rest in hotograph that was taken in ifornia on a strip famous urday night cruisers, Van levard. Among the common ros, Vettes and all show no G.M. products stood three eteen sixty-eight Plymouth drunners. The reason that s group of cars attracted my ention was because my father the identical model car. s made me a little excited very, very interested in my her's car. while I was ding up on Dodge and Plymouth s, I turned the age of sixteen. ot my license and then ceeded to pester my father to me on his insurance. He did. for Nuys A much needed brake job and r new tires were needed on the st. I approached my father ling him that I would pay for se items if I could be partners h him on the car, meaning that ould use it much more often . Now that I owned half of it ecided to slap some L-60-I5 s on the rear with a set of riel heavy-duty hi-jacker air cks needed to raise the rear the vehicle in order to clear tires on the ear. Then for Eed traction I installed a set Lakewood traction bars Qvincing my father that all of se modifications would give n better traction on the street just in case he wanted to drag somebody. He didn't know what I meant by that but he kept complaining to me that for some unknown reason whenever he was at some stoplight, that some guys and even a few girls would roll down their window and start to mumble something but he couldn't hear them because their cars were so loud for some reason he didn't know. Then all of a sudden when the lights dropped the maniacs would leave the line with their engines screaming and their rear tires would literally leave their trademarks in the pavement. I told him that they were mad at him because he had such a rare car compared to theirs. Nell, I had to tell him something. That car is now in the bone- yard. Plymouth, bless it, but it hooked me and I'm addicted to power and speed. Causes of world War I by Tain Liu IIITMID world war I had a great many events and happenings that made history. Every country around the globe has experienced the direct or indirect effects of this War before it started or even at its end. Most colonies and inferior countries were taken over by more powerful countries to serve military and other purposes, during the approach of war, militarism existed thus involving all the minor countries. To summarize the causes of World Nar I, I will briefly describe the main events of the countries involved. The main factor began from the unification of Germany, by the great German Chancellor known as Bisnmrckwho adopted the policy of Blood and Iron to achieve his aim. By waging wars with Denmark and Austria, he was able to unify Germany, making it a powerful state. His victorious war against French left the French people humiliated. Germany was now one of the most powerful countries in Europe. But in the two decades before l9l4 events seemed to move towards an inevitable and tragic climax. The origins of the tragedy lay in the nationalist organization of Europe in the mid-nineteenth century. The emergence of a united Italy and united Germany radically altered the traditicnal balance of power. For the ensuing two decades, Europe was able to accommodate itself to this new situation, largely because of the careful approach by Bismarck Generally speaking after the humilation of the French, Eismarck pursued a policy of restraint, seeking to preserve the general European peace on which he realized the preservation of the new German Empire depended. He signed special treaties with Austria and ,ussia thus preventing trouble which occurred between thw two countries. This Bismarckian pattern befan to break down after his dismissal in the year l890. The young emperor William II took over the power and a total new policy followed. New problems emerged which Bismarck was not forced to deal with. Among Austria and Russia, Germany, which is now under William II, sided with Austria, leaving Russia isolated. with that treaty, Germany set out for Norld power. Germany's sea powers were improved and modernized. This action proved a threat for the Britains. The result was that Britain and Russia allied with French thus forming the Triple Entente. Meanwhile Germany, Austria, Hungary and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. There was confrontation between these two powers until war broke out when the assassination of the Austrian heir occurred. with this incident Austria set out to settle scores with Serbia giving them an ultimation. Russia, who regarded herself as a protector of the Serbians mobilized with the prospect of revenge on Austria. The French government did not restrain its ally. Ultimately, all the powers mobilized and war was declared. To conclude on World war I we cannot justify who actually was responsible for the war. In many ways, war in lDl4 seemed to have come by accident. Events have moved beyond the control of statesman responsible for guiding policy, and when the final crisis broke, they could devise no peaceful solution. Each country involved could be blamed one way or another and no one power bears the full responsibility for the catastrophe.

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