Croaker (SS 246) - Naval Cruise Book

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...on Saxwndag, 14 Septembefa '63, Cfwalzefi pcusaed T ilvwugh the hafzbofr erwnance 05 VALLETTA, MALTA, marching 0wL 51h MED Atop... Malta is a self governing state of the British Commonwealth of Nations. It is the largest and most important of the Maltese Islands. Located 58 miles south of Sicily and 180 miles north of the African,MainIand, 17 miles Iong,8 miles wide, with a population of 330,000. The capital is Valletta, with a population of iust under 20,000. Most of the people are Maltese and speak the Phoenician Maltese language, which is akin to Syriac and Arabic. English and Maltese are the official languages. The Crown Colony became a state in 1961 although still not receiving full independence. Great Britain continues to appoint the Governor and to control the island's police force. The principal importance of Malta is its strategic loca- tion as a Naval Base. It is presently the site of Headquarters Allied Forces Medi- terranean lHAFMEDl. 0 The numerous negalithic and neolithic temples and remains unearthed in the 19th century reveal Malta to have been inhabited by Man from pre-stone age times. lts recorded history is one of storm and turmoil down until 1814, when it was annexed to the British Empire. It was a Phoenician Colony from 1000 B.C. lt later fell to the Carthaginians, who in turn lost it to the Romans in 218 B.C. From the transition of Roman rule to Arab, Maltese history becomes obscured. Malta became part of the holdings of the Byzantine Empires time and again. It was overrun by the Saracens in 870, who seemed to regard Malta more as a useful fortress than as a land to colonize, and they thus allowed the inhabitants a certain freedom in the practice of their religion. lt was again taken in 1090 by the Norman Kingdom of Sicily, but the Arabs were not expelled from the island until 1227. Two hundred years later, after enduring hardships under the feudal regime, the Maltese paid their own ransom and gained their freedom from the feudal lord, Monroy. Freedom was shortlived, for Malta was successfully oc- cupied by Spanish and French. In 1530, E.mperor Charles V gave Malta to the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, known today as the Knights of Malta, who had iust lost Rhodes to the Turks. Under their rule, Malta enioyed 228 years of being a state in itself, with its own fleet, ambassadors, and coinage. It was held by Napoleon from 1798 to 1800, when the British took it. British Rule commenced in 1814 after the Treaty of Paris. During WWII Malta played an important role in aiding British shipments to Africa and hampering Axis shipping. Consequently it became the worId's most heavily bombarded area, undergoing more than 12,000 air raids. The people of Malta were awarded the Cross of St. George by the King of England for their outstanding services during this war. J I3-:A , ' nj -W XX -V C I A . A . T I XSK7 lb ,A . 2 i . , I GR 4 1d '7,-:L-..... I. 1 N- -A 1 K H ---

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n...an0iheu exencibe 4ucceAA6uZZg completed... bound gon anoihen pant. This time IZMIR, TURKEY. we annived on the 28ih 05 Septemben and depunied on 2 Oetoben...u gamilian sound - nHey, Joe, you wanna buy u genuine meenbchaum pipe?...n , GENERAL lNFORMATlON- IZMIR was the scene of the finale of Turkey's war of liberation from foreign invaders and it is Turkey's third largest city, with a population of about 350,000 as of l962. Also Turkey's chief Aegean port. IZMIR is a modern amphitheater-like city spread out among the hills at the end of the 45 mile long gulf of IZMIR. It is the market place of' a rich agricultural hinter- land. Hardly a new city, it has figured prominently in history for thousands of years. l The hinterland of IZMIR was inhabited consecutively by the Hittites, the Leleges, the lonians, the -Lydians, the Romans, the Macedonians, and the Byzantines. Towards the end of the Byzantine period Tamerlane and then the Selucuks es- tablished themselves on these lands. This impressive historical pageant is ex- pressed and preserved in their works of art. IZMIR is one of the seven places which claims to be the birthplace of the great blind poet HOMER whose Odyssey, the epic story of a seafarer, Ulysses is world- famous. Today, it is Turkey's chief market for tobacco, licorice, and figs. It is also the scene of the Izmir International Fair, held from the 20th of August to the 20th of September. The Fair is the most important event in this area and is a center of :vast interest because of its historic and economic past. The Fair is built in the Kultour Park in the very heart of the city. All sections of Turkey participate and send exhibitions and a vast selection of products, jewelry, and all kinds of handi- work by native craftsmen are exhibited in the numerous pavilions, and arcades at the Fair. The city is completely modern. Those who expect to find a Hollywood version of a Turkish city, replete with Fezzes, veiled women and' Harems are due for a severe disappointment. Points of interest included the Citadel lKadife-Kaiisil, n...6on the coin colleetona 9 Tunhish Lina e Sl.00n a large edifice overlooking Izmir. The ancient market place lAgoral, and the remnants of the aqueducts within the city were interesting. Everyone should visit at least one Mosque. Non-Moslems are permitted to enter any mosque in the city, but shoes had to be removed. The various museums provided a resume of Turkish History. The Fair grounds at Kultur Park, the scene of the International Fair, was one of the most attractive sights of the city. Outside Izmir, the ancient cities of Ephesus and Perganun have been excavated. Both cities are of great Archeological and historical significance. Ephesus was the capital of the Roman province of Asia, famed for its sculptures. The temple of Diana, one of the ancient wonders of the world, is located at the site of Ephesus. The Bazaars of Izmir contained a large number of attractive souvenirs at both bargain and inflated prices. Rugs, paintings, Meerschaum pipes, silver and furni- ture were the most popular items. Bargaining was part of the standard business practice.