Cooper Union College - Cable Yearbook (New York, NY)

Text from Pages 1 - 195 of the 1936 volume:

.f..5,?, , W , . . ', 'o2'3.1,A. 7 -'l-wr, -k ,-- Q I' -,h ,V.,,v-1 4' -, ,,. NA :UNC 7,1,.,.,, ... VfvV, AH., , . . , I. I .1 +4 Vx.-P f:.- rg: '.x1.,ri.V. '1 Sf .Vw spy.e'a1v.:VfVi,'514233V1,-.iaeaw-Qffcwwvr:ywewf iyuii VWVVV .V V V- V. . ,, ,. W, , , , , . .LJ-i . 1 'T-151-V.71 ' V Vr' il.-2492-' f2:i'f - 12 M. -5'4 26:-faff?s,,4Gz-'HF'-14' :zN'2:N'S:'Qf?zV5,'a X5 '1w'Yqx'lQ,' i t SJRNZWQXGSQVVXQ -. -' fV- fm V .V 'Vf ' I V .134 ,X--M-V I-AV.f'f-wxfa-ticritm?--.-gwghVVV Vfwwvw Vvenimgfw , ,gs .-fezfifwiawm, W-a,va-4' fx w.'2fwSf.MQmX V f:yQ1p- .- V- .,VQfVw49'mx ' : M V35 , MN? N--1 M NS w'.V211VVV-:V M' sq-'VVS:MVV4-:nw-ww-V.VVVw:'mIVve wwf - 2 VM -N .if V ' af VV 'wfwwwwfQ v,. .w sQfVVVf K ., -.V . - -- V V. - J,-w--Y :'1'-1-'15-M90 x:'VwV'gf':fVf:SwV ff.-9 .V f:Va0 1.. - , . :sw Q5w -gw- .Ax-lfizw 'MEN Qfax kgef- x -.V lb. -9 f m ? X-AY? X.- AMX '-' NGX WwV-Em! ' V- 1. x V ... -17. . V 4.4. 1, if ,gpg W . ,, We ' ' I V, . .- , V .. :V , Q '- . ,X V - , - V. - 'f ' 'JV '- . X--- 'NT'-wV,,sXog-QNV w -- f -bgw w x azzs:-Q: 'Ng f,.,4f A - . ,x fri . .,'VVVfa.yaxQWm-M ' QQ' 3+ + Qg ffw, Q V W lfbsn -V A af. V ' ff 'V 'Jw V' . N -V 31 -15 VV V - ' - V' - , . -1-1 WVWT- -SK S i f , ' I x-42. w -, ' Q V, 15 2 5. sQQSvY4?vQ.gVf J w YR - .-N .. ,V fffx. 'K ' V Mk -. 'V V ' .-w ' VV fx ' N 5 ff -V ASQ i f' -V. ' .,., ' ' qi ,-VV 3 . Q 5 . ' ' 1 Lf, ig. ' W 1 V 2 ' .1 1 -V .. , ' Q V - '- ,ffvw ' ' NV- - - . , Y V, V sfifigf ef' .Q F -. .V V- - , ' f w , MV, ,. . , 33' wie M , VQV , V , .-,fm , , -V my , +4 .., w'3322g.,.3sfs - ,, .... . H ,. mg . . ,ga ve VA- if.. QQ --V--' AIC ' Vw . V , . V '- - ' 5 - ' - VV - . ' ig -V we , .- .0 - Q ' ' gf .. 'F' ' 23 ff m X1 'IT ' . : i - . - . V Y?- o2 .. - ,xf: ' X . ' fig ' .W ?' Uv- '-:-.9 14, : . V X-V ffgwasr- -., :. - 5'7V Q,5,,V.9, -if - W , 'U wp, - ,J 3 - , ' , - N Xe, VV . .- 9 - V- - X . -3 r ..w -qsvV !,':f- , . - ' - Asn , 'R VNV,- , Aw Www -6 VXEQMQVV Q 24 4-'f-1? ' ,.- ' X' - W V- Q- '- ' N EJ '-2 V 'X l' A ,xv I A , ' +.. 1' 1 . 11 V f' Y - -2 1, .Q wwf? VV?--2 . 4.2-fi.. '. U5-,. if QQ ' 2' 1 . ' V .V V , V p .. .V ' 'Q -V f QQ: Vyg-.1 'Q Q., 'V , V ww - 5 , 5 f .. . V far.- r- xc-15' V1 ,V V .Vf Nwu Vp. Q H V ,Q-fw ff-s2f: V .- Vmwmfw V - vig V V, ' ,. gage- - F? F V aww' , 1 V ' -, 'V '. ' ,. - ' - f ' f . w r , ' '64 V , ' ' 15 W e ------ -A f 'W V f ' ' H ' ' ' ' ' ' V ' 1 ' V.. ff-' . I ' I V ,- w'w zV A W5 Qi? of' 3 N 1 'W , E gg 'f'f'-D33 1 -..- ' .. 255,40 , ': ,.. , .f ,sg A,,, . U - .V. .M . , . . , . '- , V ,,, :..ws: 1 V wx.. V: , 3 5 av -1 . . V 7' ' V, .ix Q 5,1 , x 5' If Q. A52 2: M V. f :ff ' - 'EZIQVV S 'f' w 'fel W if Q V 3 :': M-I L ' .. . 'W M 'Q fa '2 4 56 2 L' 'sv i f S 2 4 P33194 43 U, J if I v7 Y 'V ?.,. i , Qin , .K .1 , . , ,V ,.- ... R 5 as 'F ,. . 3 ng M- 'zV ' ' ' ,. '5' , . , gifs, - .4 ,y '42 ,V. 'Y' 4 'Q is W 3, Z2 My ,W...,.- ...V gx if-5,.Vg. -5 , ,V M. Vw- WN N. 9 ,Y ef vez. if A -ff y 1 I V ,V QSM Wim S2 1 gk X v A , Zvi N , 9 . , ak V 5. Z A ,. W V., A22 if A -, ,,, ga. f ex 2 1 am i . 1 Q , ., 41622 X529 A , N1 ., 4 W vm., Y if J. f MSW 4.6 fi vm . 64 ,V I V - S1 .:V --sw -: -. 9- . 4,5 V: x W- f X . N 2V1f5 v.. V -. .QF . .. Sify .. V.?,,W w, 91- if Q-. , , si- V--w s - - -1 :-- 6- .Q : iw 4. X ,V Www . xx x yfs rf , 5 , me , 5: V -:QV bw -V 4fQ?Qfp? 6 . V, H 0 3g5 5 f6 ,f 9 x , A VW .V.Vz- -r.. , a , Q W. .V V , ga f X, H 'f?,V'f '- X S. 054 K , ,ah .., .m, fw: ,VW . . K .2 Q ' xx , 'i 2 -:fi :V .21 z f , . --'- 1123- 1' . - , 4' f 2 . w w- ' H S N 1' 1' 11,25 if -' X V 1 5 ' V E'T3 ' XV 5 V , . ., W W., fb:- 253, , wg? 0' fs V ---- .,.. 5 'v ' AM wwf- . , Q -'33 : fs 4fQ V 9 ' gg N 'W V V ' , : fi f 2 JE, V , .V .-gf. V S V W 65 -- V E - u g-ftj 9' a i - -- if . -' , W2 ' V ... 554 L VV ,QA . V ' V - W ff? 1' i.V 44V 11figfQ :Vf-' s f VG ff 9' . sr, 909' WZ? ' A EQEV 5 ' 'X f L QQ' QV VVV-'Vg' ff' , . ' . V f gZ, aV,'sV ,,5ggEVg,V3. . . E ,.: ,. ,V ' ,g W , 1- . - Vg.-Q--gi.. Ng ' any . ... V.1'V .f 2 'ui . V ' - 4 - , -VN., ,V.V 3 ,1 ,, ,. .- V! V nj ,N Q .Ll vp--7 I-,VV . 1 ..V.f zs ' 1- r 'f .,f 'i 2- V, V: 'Z -V n ,W ' 'QQ AEEVV QXQQ - Q F SEH 5 -' ,.-s'fz,.f?i7 211- , Wi V -V :' Q-.fw gaf V .- . f 1 . .7 H A a+, w - a li? -1 V . . f ra ..- , QV 1, A H-Mg! JEL . IV-Q'gV 1.f ..4h .:V V- 5' ' lg . , .a.:.sVjVj-v Q, -L 43. V W'-' Jfzi, 3 Q, W.: .f . A , . .V V.. - WM ,M .. . 5- 4' ii 13. '16 ' Sz 5 wifwc 5 ' ' 7 ' fi ' V - , egg' Va .5 Ph Qiz v ' Y 'z . , .as 1 'I g Q55 , QM 4 V dw ' .1 fi ' ZW 952' ' Y , . 'QT V ' '. Q . ,,., M , Q, I , . g 5 1 1 H V - 2 ' 323.5 A . 55 XL .V 20 kv V36 e 'MM 'fr ix , 6 W TF fv Q- N -Qw ff ffg vi w fi . 5, , ' - V X fr - - --- V ' M V. x 'Qi A, X, QE? f f ff L ' BM .W S Y' Q uxf Q , '1 yi W 951 , V , W . W 21 ,Q Q A U 9 'QJRNAAQV2 Qs Q A Q qggiffifygyq 6? E X 5 , f 5 K 0 Af , Q90 X W N 4 bm 42N Qwfe ef .Ng 4 X 0 f J vr, -' M W ,X J, y Q X A X . V335 5 5 5 x af? qi new f Y Q 30 SY' x w x Q., wi 6 4' Q ix 1 wi Q' XS 02 .ln fa 1 x , Q , Qi' 4 X as 'N 5 l F wxfx x uv, fi, f V? 49? 'Yo if eff, ,K 2 f , I .M fs 3 f rx fa ik: Www 1 V M Q N Sf g 423 5 W 'Wx sf 5 A 9. Y z as xg N V xx N. Ax Q- Q V QQX . M 'Qi F5 9 9 .5 52 xx SV X Gm gf VV 5? ,W if Q23 ag silk. A iw N M z ,, Eg ' New 'ff fi Qu 0- gf' 33,1 M N fs VK Q R N, 2 .vi 1 V-'wg ww k A K 3 A xy ixyyxgggd ya, fMq.,,Q? gg , W V 3. 4214 Y gy QSM B7 , 4 RQ ,555 jsp , Vx, YQ if - M.. .Vg,e::......... - ' 2 V W, 1: . . V., -M X 'V ,.w,..f.W, VV.. Q, : + 5 yr f' 'Qc Q.-Q Q , ,wma A ff, . A. iw... 1 A fp? -2 .iy5fVVgf,fQ-wffffn ,Vamm ,gvwfsf g1fVws,,5ff219g:wx.'?wffafgg 4 4 f wk 1 ww, if 792, Sv fxfffz 'xxixffih WMS VQA ., V .-,, -,.., . . .,,, 4 , yy. .Vw-fgyg .Yagi 'Q .X gf- ' -'.fV1fQ4'M,N QA - .,gf,.Vg5.VW fm? N Wxwf 4635 fqflvmkf 25? agar , ml 5 ' wggigigx ' S gf y 25555, 4534 w3?'i51f1m V V X .. ifgjVf3fg?gj X I Y X 'fk .X + -Yi wif 5S2wf'5v55V - 7 . -V ' LV,,f1.g. WV-VK, fy 1 new J? y3,Wgig'ivQQ gi w 1 N lbw w Wy 33,LfQ?f?i,mW-2jHnqqV.M:V,,x11525 1 X X ' A-J V ' N ' 1 f M. wwf W, M Lg., VW ky., ?W-if fi? M751 X, wywg4vf'y NW X wx 1 A A Qs X saw, fe A, QAVWA + 2? W M W wg ' f ' vw- A , Vfz:vVfgffg,V4:-Quik 2 A ' V f VV - ' ri ffgwx'q-,gfmm'T V 1:11-' 55 1 OW? ww gigs ww 2 fv Y 'Q EAQN' gfbggvwfifg 25 w w 4412 fix Q MK wyaixkigwgmx x X y 4 V V mfkx' gjvawfw .,,,fV5f Yi y M ,W aff 16 ' KV' yvffx E xi JA Jswwg w4gk.vfw,..X,2k,,,?fs3?igQfl?Q:'1f9Q V. , . S, W is A 5'5'3?1f 75 3'13.3-5WHi E2YK-iiffiixgi-' W QV Vw' Q W , +22 ff My W W xg W' om ' x Xqfif Mfqffyqrg gy, X36 Xl www ,ff S V, z M. 'XV' V ..... . X. Q , , , . X ,N ,Z g3?x,,,,,4 'Z y , ff . N , , 1 X . ' IE: X Y l 1' 'NVFYF 213 '-171565 r VV 1, .V 4 ,VV - L, v,.4i.e'e'.Vf4 V 11 3- ,V w V We 5wXfs?JVigeQ,5Z S QW V ,f.?3F4KN QW. . . xff Avi-W Q, 'R i v., X M f :M X ' ' 'Reiss ' X vw X k Gwgj 1 ,468 vw , , . ve X Fw ig 939 X x ,Q V . X 43' Q 'A 4' f fm i lm' 1 K S. A X X. 1 wg cgi M sf, .5 Q WL +V VV Vi, A Q '-K' w3.k255feV1 1 ' V- , V41 nw 'gli ..wsVV.iV': , 'V ' V' .X . X? x3Xi,,,fQw..,,.-,fwbgj A , 4 .. Q 7 Vnffi X V Nf L 53? X V VQ.fQae':VV X. . X Qmxwf A V s,ifrn X LX ff! x , MY: - K f .L . , X. Q wx 9 A iwsfhlmq ' wb gfwwivfl ,M , ,nn Nxt H 4 wi V Qs Q V is Eiiif-Qi an' 3935? Ng,-xx 'Ka ' V ' 'Effjsi QF 3 . iv' X- w ww W 2 9 V V 'fb Ng AW? jQigi?jV,fi'lT few Us X N 503 Wg ,fs , 2 dwg? '54 22525 XV S22 . fwfiigsb 'fx WSAQQ-V-.mr Vfz wiqfgtfkwm V ,N Vfifx ., 352 KW:-fa-Q .A ,X V X. 77 fm f 'E 116154 A YN ' Ng' ' V V :' w,-. V.:1x,I'w.gi:a, f' 2--. . , 1 - ' 15' V' 'SWR N .gf+iQ'9'5? 1 V' is H,-xv . . .Brig as 1, .Q JMQV iv VE QE AQW V, X X 251 sw V Aa Vw ..,. Q.Q-.F,,-'fxxgi X - :-.w,w-Vxwe Q., pp WV wx. .Aymg V,Ng,QWTVgmQV.,.1V,Vw, , ,Q A xx x V 6. vig? BRR KQ f X 'WW' xi 'X:ff'?,'5 if . 1 'iaMi1ft s qL.:V Q1 MS Q 'N Va .MQW Kev- 3 x 'MDW Y- .gxriff 3. 1 'Y ff ' Nan' Q -V N 6 Vw X. X ' ' A Q V VV ' V ' V 4 K E 'QU VM MW' V- 'MYER' V L51 Q, X9 E - N ' Xgiqqifi A S555 K X M' x Q Vg-Yss MQ X X Ni K Q3 X, X W N .QS V, + Y fix Ja ' 2 wx EEN 5pX2'wgQQEx XE 'iwwk f' WEEK ,Mx Egg RE Nxqfxx P- x vs. A :W f Wvfgfi. SY'i.:.' , V V. -.Vfpzwx ff. .. fs 5132 Xa ,V V V V Aww Nix N ,gix-,A X . fx 'W ss V553 1 1 ,W , f ' K ,g xg X11 vga, 4 Va 4 w ' x gb, , Qt m 2 5.332 3? X 6 ,Vw X, N Q mf X X W 'bv' ywh 6 45 2 , 'e ff W 1 QW , ' ,f V VAMJQQ f 4 Q W Q e 4' V. 5 N A lf ' A w w W? V N i f Ny ' f' ' a f' wmfiffi 1 sg, w fa 2 -Q g X 1 gg 10 ,ak ,323 gf Qing? X ,safe QQ? F Qcgv 1 Eygvv ,gig wk ' W J 4 3 X Q . gf X 1325539 G wha k X42 X V Q xg ,IUESQ KX w , w 1. 44 1 N 1 5 v K 1 I 2 1 Q by f 5 , w ww? if Wvz i Y X YQ. , S Q2 QV NWS? 5 'M 29 if 9 Qs KWH f VS V ,gkjgg 4 fy 5 ix 2,3 X .C , MQA' 5 'E 'Q ' kogw V Xi X A w xi ' P fx ga: V VV fi . V V .V VW Vw 'QV Q wg X , QM X Q 'KM ff , gay ' X XSS? gg .V 25,4 . VV if V Vw .QV V, V gas? xg? .VVVV 'Q V Y Q M if N 5 A Y VV 5 S A '5'b,W '4f'g ww V 36. ff 6 9, sf? Q54 EW., 'Saw ,Www , , V fn V, g Us, X9 W ,V A5 M V4 S535 Y ,ff 5' sfgi m V f . 2' ,, 'V 1 2 F255 VV W V' Vi Y Q V. wr 9 x 45 A , X Q K5 ' 95' 6 g v JM QWU f w sf 7, VS M ,V w if i .V ,B AK A S M 9 i n ga ,,? 5!X,g,, ?, gg. XQM4 gy 7 if Q, Q ig K SQA I xg? X1 ak 51 if Q 1 f 'Q gy y .N , 45 'g V z X 5,12 Q 5 5 2 ki ? jgaf w ? 3 A 26, QQ Va??V:f4lRfV6gix Simi , i Q V 3 51 ,PK X Ai jfbgki 5525? Q Q U f ,V -.-- .V gk 'E V.,'s.v: QM zz 'Y ,fy , 23:5 3-wtrr, ' .qi ffffiii-'ATZ '.f,3.'T .-4fffi:'Q' V ff '- rV ,.' , .2 4 4, 9 V- Y11'.V'- ' ' Vi , vxg,-VR 053. Vbg if V' .1 'ein-1? 2, ,. M-A w1VmyMf:Nif S,fV 155,319 .2 if - V mi' xg -V ' . ' 'T ' ., f- V ' X 1 J qv V f 2 V Q W VV 21 9 9 . f V- VW ' E: ' 3 VR ' 5f'+ y ' A S' Vw .SQ .M 5? 5 M -2 5, 5? 'V ?k V. f V' --VVV inf H? 5 i f ' '. au ' vast - 3, V X H g .SV , , X Nh ' V - ff f ' D Vs '- x , ' V . 1 W h- 4 ...cm V VV v- f 'i - W- .V ..QwV Van 34 - V , w t I-NV ,MV--., V V, VV5- , S 1- V w s 1. ,V AWE V 2 -f A -, ,..,-A. ww' 2 A 54 K ' , V f'fV51 X? 5 ,iw M Q,VZj . ' 4 IE- -s-VQE L Z V::, -'ih gif W- .:- .Sak 6 KY ' xx ' - f A V Q :M WS V . 'K a g, ' 13 .x . 122-'if 'I P:VE5' V-:V, ', - . wr -V .1 4 Q 44 Q 4- V 'Y V 4 W' 5 -K V f 43? Eg? U V. wi Q 2 .Q Q f V V N my .ah fr-.' V ., W, 1- V- Q ' ns ' V e -1, ,V qw ' .. ... :,,.,N.-b m we M4 any , Ai Q2322'si2'gV '?fi'5Vgsf 'Eif V? J V 4 ' + f V Mik i 'lg V':. : -V RV 932W Q E 4 Xi gf? ' QVV3'VViiZE1e 5-3 ',V 'ai5wf. , 'V 'XV VS 1 . X we f QPR , f if f? S ak ,Q R 92 V , A ' ZS P it 5 5 ASE , gh-' A: -5 - . 1 A.: why -,y,-s V-V ,,c .N .S - 53 :54 vw, 5. . , . w i , 'N ,eV QQ, M f 5 ? 9 W A' is? Q V s 2, QL V 4 . V XV ,Vw Q Q. 2 E , Q , u V ,-ff ,-...ff V V :ear SQZAW Q -.QQ , 1 P : -' f . V. .IQN V' -S V9 'L N nfs 'gt ff K gy' i, V 1 -1 ' X , x X-my p, 4 if-my V. is z if ef' if Ap x ' fx , V f!V2x'3',5ics:?g.3Y'-Sg.Vs'VgQ V451 ff-:Vw 1 x XA? A N' M 5' lv J . if AQ'-'QXQ X gf? ZW 4, ff' V 'wpE3wf fV+g-V ? ff .V 'Bw S is M ,V A R 4Q f ..Q wgQ '4 , .gg fzgif i y q ' 112 . A 1 ig r Vi 31V+, 1.x4 .N 'W 'gg W Wwrff V51 V f VY 1 Wh 'Q 6 V, .VX 1 -V V: S Q f .V W ,Vw f - QV, ,V . VV X Y X Z? vggf A , VA - . S 6 sz. , - . 2. CMMV V . A .- V H. - ,EV N V if 4. -. ,Ji 1 U V. x s 'f '2 4 55 A - . ,X V . Qi x. V, I V , q x w, -1: -2 X 'ff ' f 5' W ' ff' , 435. f35 ,.V.g57 f .5 . X X N f W 1 Y V f -V59 T QQ, 5 .Q'? . x, ...- Q ' 21 5 + f 4? ff A 2321 M 2 - is L V ' Q 3 ' Ag? M, ya? 955319 EW ' ' g'2?g sggg, .iiiZQg g I Q 'Wx W -3 S 1 JW. ' 2i41w- 'Ev' iii.. I T i W 2 ff ?14 '7,. . -.vi ' axifim- 3. wS1?2 +Vf w..3 Q-. YM,q-.Vfsf'- X S C if 4 65? X 5144:-' V-E. f 4- 5 v : X aw: ' N--N 1- W ' - V. .- 4 '. N., - , QQ w -N X 'Q fx Q f 1 ' VS 3'2'Vf'f2 g -1521- f s ' - 21 SW Q S' xi Si u QV. 5 'Q' F ' - .V Q Q 3 . V Q 2 ,5 fig? 4, 5,4 g ,Q2',f'I5fgV i'4Qi : w gggi- S T5 zY '15:Q ,wx Z 5? Kgs QM ' 1 f Au 1.1-1' TS 'L .vm V , x ' 5 93 1 3' W Q? iff .2 V , - -- , if W' if N ' U me ,, ' W . V A N? 1 1 V' - E VV H ,1 .-S- E. V V- - ' 5 V . 5- V W .fi ., X HT ' QV WEE Q 95 wziieg. is g2 , E V55??gV,f ',5g5g5 . VzV , w , w. .2,,.,,,,,Q 5 as 50,33 x fig 5? 'Ea 059 VA N 69 94 '- V u... V' ,I-mi, 555 ' :sf 5' 7 - A 2 ff wi, V-If ..,., 7 ' N 5 ,vm f W get 222 fy:- ff 2' V-EV-V, :V -,Vam p - ,, sf V A r ' 5 4 is f'- PV V-V VV'V1 V 1 V , ?2 VVV'-.bc QV - 'V -,ffm A , ' Sw 2 1 V V255 J a Vsg yyg f ' 'ifggiijq ' Wa x X 5 xfgqw X ,Q SWB 2 Q 'K 4 Q V ' 1 f Z3 V555 2 'I-I Vffvsl f ' ' 'A Y N V , A 5,5 5 , 'f I V i 5 + J why S Va l' 2 5 f 355 if 4 ' V ' 9 uf' 9 ? A ff X 7 Y i ian' 'nf' VV i2 f1f1a ff' V Vi ' ,l'5 ' ne H-Q5 V X 'S ff' ff' 3323 L? ' f rQ f3V ' 7 '. STV! ff V S W N -2+ V YA V 5 0, gf aa Vf' xy 1 -224 ,.V,i Vi, rfg9 ,- '. 5kQ,Z'V2,,VQ-,w.E ... . Ni 'X S N 'V Y, SV 4x 4' QV f f 95 1 M W - V' ' 3,5 1 -fic iv 3-av?-1 Y 5 537 Q h f' 6 N -2 ,A 5 31-1 k a ii f ? gig, V MW 2 gi f? N JA N f 1 I 'P 5, .Q G' 1: 3 112 - fs ff'-345, ., Q ' f W i gf,.j,ii Ve? 'icfib ff' 254 6. .Q , ? N ga 4 v V 1 f 9' Q, 5' 'i '- I! XV?-'. 2 g Z VA 'Y 45434 2' ag f ,9 ,Mf Vg . gf-.wg .fgk ,, .xg V s N Q A M 4 f f fV A ff av.wA V,. -. fe ,SH N Aff M - .M -M: V -1:-V ' ' N x y -wx eww 5 an ,f y 02 Us V z xz sff. VV V V, V 1, V X YQ X M 4425? 4' 'ggi fy' ff- 3 Q VV VV ,. V' V xg ' 'N f g A Q I M94 I gf 7414 ,X , E IK AV Zi gm ,-- A-ff.-V jf' 1. 1, --is V '- V 1 A E Q u SX .N NS, , 1-V ami, M V A 3 2 f s ,a V , ,V :Vp v 'asv . Q W W2 -..-+, - 1- -V .f ry '- V x 4 Y P Z f V W W- W 5 ' 22' if 51? . VV S f' X' ' ' X W : 'V V ' f mi' , 5 5, , 3 .5, ., . , , X x s ss' x, . fm? ' O V W' s f ' M Qfffs , '25 X X 4 ,A 1 H N ,Q IV V5 V 'f V ff? ,ff W , V. V' Va , V 4 QA ' X mf' ' 2 5? fr g M - J VM 2 va 4 ' YV 4 4 , v Q 1 'S hfesv fk . V- -w' - 'awe ' A X A ' 5 lx, Q 40 f v f 'f if A, fm Vi' ' ' W' 3? ' M w fm X ii 25554 15. ng g f ff 'Z QQ 23 z Ki gf Nga, 4? 2 X rg 9 V , f I ' f ' A 2 vw 4 , i A 1 if 'a ' X K Q 5-,N ',94 r '11, 'f Q 6 5 gi' 5 'Z 'gf ' ' I, Q 3 E ff cj? X NM T 1 v X' M' Q f, ' 2 1 Vf V, f f- V, 1 A V V , ie 5 J Q Q. ,363 an My 1' he 25? 'y a A V p- .1 W 'Q fl ' WQQ 25 egg 3 V, A ' 2 W.. 552' aww, Z! 3953 W fa 3 , 4 , f, f 2 W5 V f X X K 2 . ' My V. . Q w . .. x, .,,,N 1 , V. ,. Q . -r 1 .- V .. V. V2 V Vw Sw M . A , uf' 1 . V 'V Q5 :swf .w w f i , 1 'Lf WA? MXPX , . ,: . ., V. M -if :Vg-: fi ' V VV '51, T lay, J ff is it- VV Q V ' f ,:' . -' V f Y 6155256 4 ,e N 53 w , , V ,. .. 43' ' 'V 2 ' Q V vm V. V. Q'55?eV, f'5V 'iU,i5V.V meg-g -. A fV-'- V, ,. -, V ,, ,. H.. . 4 .NSF if Y V. , - , if ,-wikpw, W . M, ,vf-:wg V. W.. ...J - K-V.. V - 3' -af-M Vsiz- V ,:- , ,-, V V- V V A ,W v -y--A 5. W ,,4igQf+V'm 'f in 55,::w f' gp. J ' 1 fivx, W . 'M 715 ' iii? QQQXQS 'Kg V Mi A ' MZ V' 'T W 1 - V-g5..,.ffVz: a: 2iq' ' ff? - :- -Lf 1 sf' 5 A s , A MW. 2 . V , .gf' yg -' 'I ...ri TG 'V 231 553155K wtf Vf?-T V , Q V . KV, 13' 2 H V, ,XP-g 55 '47, Q AW ' . X 'X 31 2: -et cw. Maw, '- ' -' - 1 V -4 -. . ww '9 QQX1 12.9 54 . -.5 -, .,., Ro . v . - .- Q, wxxw- xy...-V,V-,k-za.:,,..Vf':vV.-Q5:.4mVV,V: . :g M - 'Jw' ,, . . , 2 fx? ,af X ,. , . 5:55, -.. -if - a -. . 19 ' N ,NNT -Wg , I-1 .. 3' V V v, 1,7 ' 44 1522- ' 'Z .v-W - A ' xx 311.11-55,1,,:Q:f'V',:,.fv-,zaz-fm 'qV.ka,-,:3- -- . 1 1- . . - Sq. -PL-'P -9. W f f'eVf:g.:p:e.wV.-.,,---,..+f 1 '. .5 1 V i - - ., :?.'u'f'?k+-A-VW'f'+'f '- Vg ' ' V, V 4, 2 x V 1 ,, 2 i 140 - gf 'TT - L Q-4 1 wg-M'f '4!ii1Za2:,,Vv! :K--rmcfq-SV ' V' ww , V- 'z -' 7' . . J- w VV . '- V . . 1- ,ffgifi w 'V VH- V- -H-V-sy-5. 'S V-X V MNA' BQQ-Swv ' 1 f W wr ,Q 'ff , w 'A V i p ' I , N 4 V IV 8 V- , . Vw , . 'V , ' V - ' - - if .. . - ' 1 , , 5 V 1 . l ' ' X -' , . X y g , , . , ' :-3+-,V,,V-,Q-QV ---' : ,.f ,- . ... 3 Q , ' ' . .F-. , 'f ' k5fZ,y5 - V , fl ? fgxh . 425 ' ' V X VIV - v V-1 Y2C',' 2 5' if.. Q.-'QE w x.,-rf' 'fwf,v 5W:??:'5'g.g: :fgwvg7 Vn w 'Q :Q -1' QV' .V Q- 2 '- fm 'P' - ' 4. . ,.,,. . ,U ,, V- . .. V .,.,f f .9 ,V V .f , V . Vg -5,0 ,, I. ,QV , V - f1y V1.33i-Q ,-'em A., ,V We ,ff m -.S ,X . Viix-g,4Vka2 ggacgf V . V I MZ., -' ,,xf- ,M I , , ' Y?'f75 '7MV, ,. : -- fiwnf V , .V fgi'3fx'W , Vg ' .. F .- Q, ,M X w if 1' ,wig-W, qw- ww yy M -:V ,mf - -V -f 1-V AVN' ,V V ' ' ' ' V AV V . . ,M X. , 34 'H a 2 1 , Nw , ,,,. , N. M - W - ' W, M4, Wfwfw ?ZW'Y' 2,4 5 Q? . Q U9 ffm ,Kiwi ' - ,-,x- -1: , k , I X-QQ, 31, 'W ,Vg-. 4 .J ,- J. ' -aw.: M- 1 ., we . ' -1 V . Qviw' 15 -11 .. , ..... - rf - .fm , .161 , aff yf my, ,WM 97 gt Mg-ya 45 , ' X 3 ix ' Q W figs . . ,. . -' ' f r ga561, , QZg,f1,pk , N . fn, . . . , g m. , . 1 W X Q v -. wk 1: 'S' 4 5M 5WZ'Wf2 'ff fe 'Q' WWW Af 1 9 . Y' :VSV - , M, . V. ,,4, ., . , V , . ' M' . f 4 ,.,,,Q ,x A . , f -fp-k,,fm!. A 4 Eir x xglm '11 ,,'- W. ! X 1 KE 4g f fi , ff , Wt' W f v . ff W .. .Q A i , - wk:-' , i 11 1 M' E9 Q 4.9 90572 gnqfyw X J was--15 ' S' 53 W 2 5 : li: ,. , 4' 4 4 4536! ' J' gh Q is X 1' J 5 ff 6 wwf 34 f vw 9 Q v 'K X529 5453 3, A7 wl.-sn! by ,f 4,9 f f 5 5 , S 4 'sf-4 , gr , :gg , gg , 0 ,sf K f 31 Q ff 3! , .4m. f V., mi ,mx ,. 3.5,-W -1: me E 7? 5 - ,LW '- J 4 ' Y 1 X Q is , H ,E Q ,. ,,,. I Nwwfy Q! K sw A gs, M, K . gag, I Q5 0 55, wgvygaq ,N V 1 -' , N - Mggf JW 4 VA , 'fix-G. , y ,gf A V wg ,pf ,gf 5 ,fg -. , . f r V , , f ' ' .,Qv M .5 w f 1 'Swv' wwf, ,ii I Q54 Miha Tvs , j 4 - i,V !Q:::.,i .I ,,:. Z. ,J g , 1 f ' qfbk 'f Q 3 65' f ffx ' A Q . P f 5 Wfif gfg 592.5 94 'QA f12.1 'sae , M N , ,AW I ., 1 ' :r f- ' - - ff -' , . . . . . . 4' ffkfz- 4 .. 551552: Jw , 1' ,, X .1 ,W ?WS24--f,- Qsmfgv x - , - 5 W .:-6: , .. mf- , fish' ' ' 'q14 f'-Q7 V ,- 2 f 1-' tl' , X9 f, i ,. 1' ' , my X L W J if 5, K , gif . 1- V , mfs 3229 sw -1 14 , ,P fsf Z . nga fl,fv4,Ea,y,ggJb6g1Qj :gags Q67 ,if yy ff. Q VH uf: 11 If : ,, 'd , 5' rf, J' ' 1 ' 'ff ' 1 '- , - 771.5 . U' f .- ' ' .sv A' 2 , .3 1 v J' .,.f . ' 1 M ii 24 S f, Qi 44' , 'Nfl- , . H wil, ,1. 43 , 4 f , 5 Q f 'ffQ'.4W .21 M1 4. ' X , ffm 'X-. -1 if . .. L ' ., -'-- -x y!!-' f' .W Wgaggw.-,Aff f ' -, wx, My . :f-Q 1: .I :J ,'-1:6195 ,, . .. ,--ff fff- - :a-1 .1 K4 M 1 ' ' f f Q ff 4 2 6, V' W fyw-v f, , f15M2E ,1,. ,f, 2? - 2 . fy .. N 452 W? J 1 ' 1' '- ' S 33 m y M yo j icigi f p-l,,, - 1 553' . .y 5 g 5 5 f 5, , H i , ..,, .-V' ffm. znfwggw , ,Qt nf , ' Jw? X 1-P W' '-'A f .- ' N- gg! M... i f .-f 1, , 1. 1 ', ,yi M35 ff ASW 1 QXYA 542 J ff 5' 1 f ff! ZA if ff fl Wvii 14 WF 12'E??g5gZ gm ' ' ' X 1 5 - f ' - 'ff 1 , , , M K iv Wh.: 0 . , , I 1 ,.' , 1, .1 X . N , , A - y .f 1,. 4z' ' '-I 4 ,,:v5 f'.- A . M, M. ' 'i i f ' N ffff , af'-f f' ' W 1 -1 -4 1 . iv , - - , .g Q r 3 ,Hy ,li 5 . Q f 16 . 1,, , 1, .4 , 3 L 5 522 ff f ,. J wwwQ M W 65 , M fa, , . - My ,, ..,, , 4541 gf , - an f,., Q 1, .. ,, :N 1 , -X -' -V W ' , gf-xf,,gg4f5mQg0,.fi4g3ef-' , A x if -K ' QQ .f --my .31 , .gy ,' - g - -- 1 V , ab . , MA iw: -.fp , w x -A . 4 . , wi,- CN ,1 , Aw . f W . fkwxgx MRWJ 4 df f 1 if V NX ef if fm 5 We 2' ' ' if W H i'f2m:W'2fH1f x ff QW S vw vs wb? by g if P5 2 , A 4, f ? Qi' W! 1 Zy?'N 6! if M4555 fa, jg M if , M ggwkf XZ? QQ? R ' 2' , 1 v 2 Q. ..'. . M K ., .. Q L6 r V , ' , iff iw 2, f ,, .1 1 11 H M,-,f el . 'jf f , 2. gxfi wz vf 4 V si 15 'afiMi' 6f3'6 Af: v ff . ? t - W-' Z ,X if fifefgi MMMJM wg, QQ KV V555 fm fzpwyggggk 41 I I f ' L W , is ., ,,, , , :, 'C sv -' - f':f:f- . . - - N .1 .ri 55 A92 5 fx 3 5 X 9 K 5, 5+ wix T y MZQ f me , fakyyg fwgsgf gr ,I 1 5 Q, VM H b A 4 . 144, M Ag , W, sew q u 2- .. .L ., . V-fav-Q f 52255 '.:,5f,,, ,. : xiy. xfggf2g9 myfpg v12wih f 'f , ' f - Afifi gvf-Q, 14 - 5 4 1- - :w W 2 2 X7 if? 4 7 X fXl'f:fi?? fwi Win ZWLY 2fW Ww'?f', Mfa'5?4 ' JQQQJVQ' 2-D 5224 riizgfq-Q' ,'W 'y f' 2' f X 1' , .. , V 5:-'V ,?-,-- 4.: -. -. .. . Xf1.,- , ,ui . . , 1 .. X- ,. fs, w .J , Y ,, , A 4 V ,'jsy,.-. '- if ', 3155 ff Y -Qwgf, , 'Q'-A : '- , -.. . Z , kflf -Q1 A 5 4 WW , 95, , wW44?K? AV N ? S , 4 SW-fy , , fy ,X 1 ,, .Y , . QQ b X , A A9 f fwifwwf H 'f' MQW y W Y fgfyfy' W 4 gt .V , 4 A ,, , 535 ,A 'w w f.was'f,, ,, fb f l fl' f A - ,Q ff' I ,Ay ,6w ? A2 0 x ' ' Q f . ., , V , ,, ,. ,. Mji, , ' V U ,k , 4 . - , f - . . J ,. , , , ,. . A . Qlw,,M-+ 152. WV i 'Q R :ff:xJf1 1 Z 5',-115 , . - f . A gg ' A' +21 'v 51 '. ' '+ - 'Ez W QQ Q, . , , . , 1- . ff g ,, f i'- A Sf QQ? A , fi 'X' gg 'aww H Q X if 2-2 g f 15 ,M 4 E g? if W K i, , 5302! x ,gg . . gg 9 yf Q KZ af iw? is M f 55522 6 L ji 9 4 E5 D I ' , - f E. :E -:, Q V 1. . wg, M 7 43,- f f' ' ' -' v 1 f ' f ,n w 1, - ffWQ :'l- ' li 1 , 5:2 if ZW 52 ,. . , , , , f f x vg N W ' 5 ' ' X, , Aff 2 RM ,f Q '4Xf?f'yaK' f ,N , ' 'ggi 2 uf 21 vwff wwvfww ff y wwf? fkffegf gy W Nw f' Mgiglffwfigf gay? 1 wav ? , V g Q MQ 6 ,W A 2,2 if 5 ff viii 0 Sf? My 035576954 Zvxdwffg, W f aj A! fsjsf Ig. 1 1? 4 5 ff, V6 'Y fxiw M fxfgyfv w f?'fx'4W K Q' -aff! K in 5 ' 1 . 4 26: , , elf' ii J' ' yiilii M - X - ' -f f ' ft'-fPi.,.wf4.vflfsfw W- ' 1:v W ,V X, f 1 'W -W ' -' Mx lgyx Mwgwzvvffiy Q! Qjwfxyw , iQQvW25, W 592 swygf, 125 .45 V3 If , ' 4 ia 5 wg., , ,, , Q KW Q n2 ' 3 453 Eff?ilxsilzwlffifxi Vx: H We' W f ah SJW ky QM , 9 ' f fm, ,zwfmww ,554 uvjn f 191, ' ,,,,. ,, ww , ,, ,: 'PV I if s 40 W 2 - ' W 4 1 wJ P- ,f If ' WW ,A - MJ IZ? ? ' ,, , , fgff fxfgh A 372 4 M599 . 4 ,- . ,+ ., :Q . Ng. -,K f. ,,m ww w' .... W 'W 'Q 1 f ' 5 M - if 5 ,. X, 1 1, ,- - X , .-wp A' be V P A x E .V 9 '2? fjy A 2 Q We I M 5355 . . k wg gigg ' f! I l Y W In Age V52 .w ig i f wk H-Eli ing 31. - 15? 52: 4' .,f , wx, jyg H: , ggi? jf W 2 N ' ' f iz .... it mwwwmwmmwwwwgmwww Ww WW 6 , , ,, , W, 5. 4 - -, 9 ff ' ' ff - F ' ' , I , .N .,,... ,fc 1 Q -' J-1.4, 1-L:j:1,.7 ,gf 1 ' ' .4 'N 'ffm 1 . 5' - ff' ., 4 wif ni A ' ' 'b ' ' ' ,- M LM Ag, W' Q? V w fig , fi 5 f 3 5 Q Q! a g : ' 5 5: 625' . Y ., .1 . w' a X40 xx yi . A lg 9 Q w 2535 A 4 EQ!! 5 - , ,Q , ffef .. 9 ,K .1, 9 3 A 'A X15 Z, ,,Eg,,1,!,x, . fg,V9,,2?Zf A f Qi 21, 5 Sfgiff vgf , 1 K ,, , , , ,, A 1 . Q A Wag? AW, ,, if 1 X iff? J fvzi 5 Q 49 X' jf. ff 'N ga 'f 'Q iii! 41 gk ?5,!ff3fQ,,,J W vm ff iff KZ? 5, Mfg , f 5349955 W 'zyflrgiw Q? j f-, X 111- .- I Y Ax, ,Q 1 1 , ,En ,NM fag I P- -if X 1 n ,, - V --L f - as i. - : MJ m,,.,j,z:.,f51 ,q:41,wfe5- , 1-Q ff aff Z3 wi 1 ' v -gl i - E gee K 5 .3 , Q, uf ,gl 9,10 A A 4,Wy4 -sv ,7 6045-1434? -1,1 1 ?y .nf ' Q9 9 r If 4 - ik: 21 all ' if 725 Q 6 E1 il 2 1 v dv 1 x .'6ff'f1?':l' 'E ':, ' U'l1.i 'mf' 5 ' 3 3 4 i --i w::,3sf:'. Y? if ,- W , 4 W f ,'1' f 2: I! 1: :Q xs wnssf v 5589 Fw z?'2gE1fU ,' ,5Ee ?29 2'?M al , w :24'! : Wig ! 'MSM g 25, 'gwgvgisxs gQg1:1 2 ' fs2E w if M, 22524 Q lg A5231 S' Msil fis' 'R Q - H 'fs'i2 M l f ffff f e ifQ52+ w i2 as 2 J , 1 , 65 H i--. ,ug 32.45, 51. 5 + :Qs'f'?-Z5 5 - ' 'f 5 .C , W 5 ' kfz5 f2 5 H i zf fa H 5 xaifa 5 5 . 1 5 W 5 gi E,g2'is:'i,lE, 753 af'1.5:i is H g? my '.':fu: gg? , ' ,wa 6 an V -Wg, .QEi 25g22 52 Sy!! w 5 f ff 'E ! H2!Qi9g f ff5 iff 25 'X GJ if ii 561 VMEV 4 'ff-f if? 5 2 5 Gs 1 P f WX- af a : .26--c:-' -41 K -V 1 ' ,f w i - 3 if 1 -835153 '15 fi? 12 g f 1 4 -2 . - 1 Ki ' MWQ E QQ' 54 : 5 4 ' ' x N ..7z'A.E:: ,. W .- A 7- 1-. ' , -' if ' 9 gifi x 2? fa 1 ,Q 2 ' 425 4 Aa . , ,7 f f m 4 if 51 22? Ms1fl5- SQ N Q EEV 322' . af, ag 55552 W 4, ' V . f' N4 ,XS 2? , , Q ,a' 5 . x,,14?'S2Sl 5E,,'gi ' 1 W ,642 ' , : s f Nf f1'U s:'f1EES1 1'4 5' 1 4' W, gg 61255 ,-gee' 1 m ln ,M -523 H55 Qs 5 2? M J Q ff 2 1 1? 41 , E 12 4 ' pw ' is ? 1 YW! 9552 N , A ,gr ,, . 4 , ,. .... Q f W iz? , 13 , A212 :: ,' S3 4 1 'gig ' . , , I. x, ww , ws, ,- ,.. ,-..- 5 , ,5 -ff? i k A 1 P L 'N V.. .Mfg ,. W. ,. ,, ,A 256 f glxzgiaffyfyw ww N ,QmffM,A,QA,, y y fi f -. fy? I gn , w My A47 Q!! ,vii ,mf Xrfgzgg, 'KC ,ray fgxzygfxtv ,QV ,gg-WV! N QW -1 .. , -lf. -:N ,B guy- x. Av ' w . '. .wx J V . 1 is . .XV1 img 1 ww ,, 1 f- ,asf 4 Mimi Y 14 f 4? agWAWMQWQQW,MmM,W,5 WwMw5ggwWQWW , , 3 . 5j f wJW MN , l ... bg W swf y f 2 .57 ,Wh Vjwg N 4 W ,us .. ,f 3 A iff' ' A ' , 4' fy, ,h , i ig ,- z - .. . Q, f 'f A - L 40 iff 3 ifffgs -- ww' A iw ,f em if 5 ,y91Z3? iffpwa if 4 A ,www Sfwxgi 'ff 22 W3 2 f92Zggfmffg4ff,f.1?4?g7fwZw f if 0 , ,Q L ui' ' 5 ' iw Q - , f ., ,. ,WSJ Y- . . . ,3 , 7-S , , gs, f ,ww ff if WY? M Ab! fwfvffyf fgg isvw y W 'fz 35 9' S 9253 w ww ,ax .' g'QNi gf fe v fwiiwwwwwmmfwf ww IIN wk Myww, Wg Eywlw ,422 5xXWfZ44,44ZX 949 719 A : :v i kX ?513 r ' .1 :EV Vw? - !1'?W::'1.Q3 PS Y AQ- f , g H32 , . 'H' I 251941 My if ' if f Q i s 3 'U , , A is 1 iw gn? 4 ff X 431 ' Q, 2? awww 43, Wx? may ,gy K? M? mfg , Q A - ' M f' X ' E aye .., 3? QM f ,, . 5 .f aw.. X' 5 S52 4 -Vw',f'v 4, ff NK4-wg,?ywx5f,w -3 f .Q W , , ,.., . A, 3 'QQ' ,A ig 5 A ffgwx lg vmfgif Mfg? 41 fpgywww V , f Qggzsz f X ggfw ., Aa, . 1 A - .W -'- v , . . PM ., . . , y - , d , . ,. pk 3,1 7' Q, 12:1 nf.. MY , my ,ff.gf-'Wm W H ,A V, , ,, , .. Q 5 I2 ' M 'N . .,. X A WX - . 'Q :': 1, , , ff .Qu . - A af-,ff ff -' 3'- , f 7 - 1, L.1.,,-,f. -, ,f if- Q ' 'rg-Y ,Wy ,f4.,f,f asf, ,ff . ,- U,-, V M 1 V . , - , xv- f, f my-r fr ww 'fzff.,ww'm,gf2 Edgy? ffmfgrwfff 5224232 A M ' f X J 'Q 9' 'J X 425, A 4 V X 4 W wg ggfyjfyf av 4 Q X ,fa ,if f P Q51 V193 bygjf 194 Zawya' 4521 SW A 'Q' 'M' A 'S-4 ' 'J n - 1 -, Q 4 ' ,,f.:,Q-,,,,5Qyi,Ll F? gg, ,pn ,4ga f7,.,a4 mW,.:,.f+,,,WZ::V,W keg Zlyqvy .M W 9 ' ' ' 2 ' A ,gg 4 f, ' ' EEQW .4 N- , , Y QQ? P 1 4 My if AX Q J WN' if ,, fr . -mwfgvf, 3, ,ev ggvw. ' 3 g 1-?i,yxi2Y-:' mm Q Qywrf Q ,iv f ,J vfgfx 211 Af? 4f234ws2 , ffywgk Q, --aw a n-m f i f V f - f -:M , . , N24 43.35 , my-.' 1 , xg, xt rf? 7 Lf,-gf Q gxixwz fm 14 5 ,QV ,mg 25 AXA, my M ggfwff wg fifiyff ffkagg ,' My ,,f.gf3Wy, m fg? Lg, fy ' . A . .-., - f f S Q , . ., ,Q Vx X . - --' ? jx fs 1 if f Af 'ffpdw Q, ,Q 55, F vffvrf' wg -K :ny . QW --1 ' H , . , , . H A ' af , f. - q f f M , 1, , , ' Eg gs -1 wp Q' A 9 L9 4 f D wfggg X' I ' K, 3 3 ,QQ , , - 5 9523 0 f Q 'W' ' Q - - . Q, 4 ,fx - im C -4 V ' A. 1- 6 - 1- .AJ ,f ig.. ,L . VI , .A ,fi Q I 5- -fyfsmgggk gf-.5::3, , x -.Q 5 W f i v- f W 29. ,Z - 'Q , ffgffmw X, 46 ffw f XE? 421 W5 , if Kfhw' 'gf '15 Qlgwyfgvfgmg ,QA 2 W! , 5, :'4,, . QQ- Q M 332 ' ff a i , A , h :': . ,, A N ff Egg? iff Z? Xi 426349 Qgj2AX A M4 w x xmwfggi Q, XQ,kVf,A3v.,,,,.- WM mv, ' Q-1 1. fd , fx ,A QW 4 fi pry, ,, .w ff 9, my fx af Www W1 V 525,11 45' W ffiiiig ,W-4 Wi? 15551 W gr' 1225? W zff f iz' M J 4x,fX,':',XW,2iQ N X, M, 7? XA I , gy Q ak , 1,f,,W 4, Vfgfl, ff' f 122g.9 ?'!'4'44 if ,fix U? A 4 ., wh, zzz ,X.W5Ez.E? ,, !g: ,., ' 33 3 :ww 4,35 xg -. f. ,: .- ff . 4 1 M . : 'Nz' A 2 .-f' iff? 'E I f f -'-+ fi' 2? 3, f .Q 2 M 1 'Q - mf X is .K K W . A 2 , , ,, ,. , v f ff 52359 2 1f2.H3wf 4fQL7Tf'12f QgJQWQffNW345f'QZf fggffzffgiisfibiwy -fvf , fe A f 6353? if 4 12 L is I, I X4 .4 fx' 55 if ,K V y i ' vii f 555 ,ff af x .3 WL, ax ,. ,M , . A , , , , , . ,, f 535 QM ffffhfi- Ufff -V E32 f-Qliffm W4 Q W41'XFf WAfSf'.f f f' X x?4' AfJ W rv Q , . , nf. 2 ' WJ A ' A ff? we aff eg YG A 2155? ga gm M 5 '3x.:?,xQe'w,w zi p .' 'BXf?,Q'1:fS37ii4 5. ' Qi' fkM1??g g -A ,A ,X 'bw f Kvf X Q Y Q: , 11, 3, 17 -.wffxl 4 .v -5119 if .lfiiffekwff aw . . ff? ,m,j.,M.,, f 4, ,Q fm. rf f- -1 f--Q .K .A .,f, -, Q Q H , . .. A., ,-, ,A ,, , .., .. . ,, f M- . A . V 1 . .fa 1 . 7. - 1 2., a . ' H xl , - ,vuqszff :g 0- ffiffwg 4' gf: 55433 Qf viii I lg .2 5 aw Q , ww , . A f 1 'f ff .1M,,,qf - I Q Qg,,,,x 'L EX 'A A YQW: .'. c P14 - ta, 'f.Q, A Hz.. 7 W ., '. 6-,v,:.. 1' xv ylvifz K .X ff , Mf?,5fo,N ' ,X '- 1- fm, ff A. '14 Y ' M L W-31-V2 'm- .' ,irfwkh 5-.mflw A f' wi is-,' ' X . ' Vg -, 'li Nr-a1'fff? 2qf5W ,l. s.- ws -asf-E-xgiyr., awww? -.11-fffffffi A '45-11, xg -9,25 ' L-Vg' V ,f fx x ' . zz? tifik15455I-'f,?'ki-fff-ffww,gpbsmnfff +:?w5. ff5 wffwfvf , Q, - i-,ww Haifa Q ,ffifac M . y Jax-'2 L ?'1,:,If f me If f:Nw-:,s 'f-fw2- 'Q H: .- 12' 4' ,X A5 - K gp ff ' ww ,ggi Q ? Q5?w ' vi gg' ff 1 A Q31 ' ,L 1. , .' TL Z V f E A 2 km MN ,yi Q I X Q 4 pm f tg W sg. Q L, ,A x f A A ,f es f ,jx f, 1 gif' 'yi' f Q i' A M, ., , ,, MW , 4, x,.M,M -, . far' K -cf,',11XgN37 1.5 -WW WY, ,k,..,Afx-5,Qg,2i-6353133-.-xi Emu, Qf.jffffw.,J ,M-if f .-. X5 - Gr: -. A ., , .- 1- AAA. 2 1- W, .- 1 I1 if . A , A , X, A W. A , ., ,. ,- A , ., . df.-MW simp- 1 ' -1 '- ,AML-FQ' 'i: ?S:i !zlV'f2'i'-Y2:Yfl'fwV'fiQ W 3.34,fL,-i,1A.qf9'k'NifiZf Q MT fm' J' ', .Xwfw VY KWH-4 I 'y Q, faffw- an Q34 M2521 , ,w3,f1yw::f1-.2 .f.,: if 59 f,-- H ,f . .f A f 'fs f.wwss:2z P A ' A f' ' ' N ' , ,. K , , 1 V f MSW Kfifx-MQW! ! , A Q 5 Zur ifqvagww AA' f bf fgsisf' , W g,i'f5WQf 5 9357 pi! 4 WW' f 5,3 van Q fffb fi f 1 Q ,- ,V W, N 1,1 : L ,gg1,,q,- .f -- 3 :fwgyap.,,?S , M ki m -- we ' ' . . A , -s 5- ,Nff t. ,A H: E- 'I 'ii 3 4 '- : iz:-114-4. ffm V A 1-ifv.'A f 75571 5 5,459 vi 3, .V We 3 ' we? fffffs 5 3 29 , wif, 2, 2 M32 .,. if iff qww 7, -,f ., f . - ' 55354, 'w a h .xg- A 1','?i ?s?7p.2g 'Q5. - 451,16 xi a 1-f Q wiv . f'c,:fQ4 - ww f ' :mc -v:!!-- e' .M 5 'Q , .9 M., ..,,.'i' . ffifl ll' 'Eff-f w , f ,., -5, Sw, ri fiwkx - ' 1 ' 'iif' kb A ,Q A, 'iran A , f fg .3 ii,Qf.g5Q:,fgN A M, 2. K iv WHY A5 4 W 321 14 wg, :W 91 ,gy 1. 'Mem 3 9315- 1, Em 4 ffr , H f 1,-V.,-2 wV-.mn wwe. 'A 21 ' 1 ,f nw! ' 4' 1VQ1vf,i f f.:'g :fQ31S?fQ'2wff'5f:S:?wg-S, f -1121 g?'ff,Q':Q??3XFzif1qbX-31:1 -.Q-iff. .:.1 f .-x . 1 b, 1. 2- - ,- W- -:Q ws, ,j. -f J. ff--,,f,ff0vf.w1'z: 4 'Q' -, QW Y 9 mpg-v,-ip. -- - 'W' 9 Nia-bi'3Q2Q+f?7?1a3 mvi-ww - -11-,rr xr ,Q ,ffafvf xfggwff- , Q L +91 , 0 3 V M511--vii TJ ' 4 'fffwn-,-gi ,lf ig, 5,1 -Q? bww 'f!.2.iQ'f 'f My !1f145i.ev-N 3l'Li'l1,i,m'sff: zz- wif - ,1'w?Z, . 1 5 gpmgf ., f,Q3sF3,,gx-1. 5- va -,gfWT92y f' gee'-'af f,-V54 1.::- wif .1 , A V ,..,,'11,fiQi?Af5'ff -1'f'f.Y'w '.i5,w5:m?M'w Af-1++2'EW-QW f 'xR W'ff2?zf1,j'i 2'jf, j57Q 'ff Y, ff- ,sf 'A ' ' ww 4 Lv Wa- - ' ' isJ3335g1.1aff,j,rLv, :ig55jgpfg1,52g,. Lg ix 5? diff! ' X , ,',-,Lhf,,,. 1 ,,3.,4 4,1 .'.,. , -. -, ' V Q 5 , ' WV 1-154 X 23 w- 1. ,K 'z . if' 1 L V 'G J, 'P W 1 x Lv' , '4 i X, wwwm , A vp MW 44, ,. ' az, 1,5 M ', 'Q-Zfgzg2rQX f-1226 -11 ' -ff??'5s2Wf:Jr,e5,.gm..-31f:u'2f f'33T'f'? 'TW ,'- .-L eff C73 .JS 'iff v .,fw,ai-.:.- :-, ,, in-,fn 3 :5 -'H' 11 Y .JJ I -fa. f ' M A . - .1 V ' ' X. 1.4115 1-T fn T75 uf -'zLQm,wwG i' 5 -5 A .mn-:Wada ' , '- 4 'ff' N ,J-F1 55 iQ9 'Q:ak-Af-Th 'f .L Q. -' 9' '11-'4fFf'2Zf9V.' fT'f:,, - A Y .. 1, , - ...w ,1 w '-M, , '1 ' A , -'swf-FIX 1 1' iv-+P ' Eikwgwf N 1, 'F .- :W,,1..5:. 7 W ' l f -, fv ' Eff. ,':w.f5?'n Q J fel . qw.-gs .:..5-Q Q, 1 ' v 1, 1,-N QMQ- fe, 1. -- , ff-'N.5F1,'f4a, V ax Q na: UM- ,QM 5 ., Q n f-mf, 'A f i-1+ -.- 1' . -'wr-?.'f'v A 'ing j'Y:f'f'w-V. V-,, ,, f'r,::,,--. NW ?:'l'. F, Q, e ' -. . -a'1f a f-.,:-f W, .1-4 A A x., . .. A i ,, 1,.,i.i1k1.'?xr,...ArT5. L, RF- A v . -- i-viii. fl' V- -- - . 'F .4 A s . jg - ' - .1 'W Y ' . . ly' W 'J1,,.? ff ' --fg'x'g-'- - 74 ' W ,QQW . - . , .gf .1?,,1S,5-3' ,fagife A 1 , 1 23 me ft my wa f -5J.1Qf5ffX,ff5 -, f- u,,5ff'4Wfvfgf't-7-15f- -- i ZW: i ' fi? f -q,, gif-f'H-- ,335 ggwjwg A 1 3, - QI K- v X gk -I if ' ig 7 w i : X,?4is53f5:i,5 :R5Ljifg:3kpA,.11 gf A :J '3 A. .MQ wg' A-'vi - ' fp. 1-,,4,s, lv., ,dnl A 1, 2. - ,. A , , ' 1 'V 1 :af '23nFfi.f5IiClf.ifii4315.235 . -, sw mia- -gy? Y - ?'iPx'rg'f fm -ftf. '. 1 ,.-31:59 Fi-I :H t ','f1 ' '1' .9- '1,1.41f1K.,,m' 1 - 7 - 2 L- ii -:QM - -Qi.. ' V wwf'.'-H'f'Q'f.L,,.' ' , 'I -wwfg.-S iff -31 53.1. , .' Jigs. -:mi-gy Jr 6 zz' ,-, v y fjq 5Mg,f,1a LV W f 1 A -5 ' . g 3, 4 y 4 f , :JM gg K x ,la ,K g I ' 2 ' ,gf 4 f A v P? ' ,NL Q gf- 'fr M pf. I .J L ,' 1' ' fwgi, M mw,,,. AM, . wi' M21 uf,i' ,wiv .-. f., -, .1 HL fum- .v-L, A.. -1 -5 1 V 'k M4 V ' J ff' ,i!:g1i,jff'fe'E?1:Rifff.v'2--fufH?532'7ffK5 N f ,H yfzg ' I , 54 ru,--,1-, .5 .H-5 ,. - '- ,-HW J -.-z . 1. .15 '. . 'x- , ful af, siasrwi ' .gm -:1' if-:L 1 ' f- Iaffdim -A ' -. L 'f: ,, ,.1,-.-:Q 'ff 3ff'.-.lQlv,-'.- . ' 1 if-,-,.'f3'.7L' . '55 l ' - 'R 'Qi zgvgfif ff-H ' :Z 53-fr' 152.0 fu, 'xg ff i4fi'f?' fiffzi.-35,1.:EZe V ' ,- A f. 'J ' 55. . 4, . A . , . 1 AA . A . ,J A553 - , 5, ,A - -via ,. .- - J . , K 1- A . . A I A A .-c-.- ' ', I iki 4r Elf ,QL-W 9 , s'.,,,fL sm Fei Q . --1' .1 . .,- 3:..' A f ,ffl A .UQ -2' 1.12-' y,','.f'. , K 5. 'I A EVQJJ .1 V., . ' 1 ' ,-,1A1-- . A v-n .1-fl.-x ' N -'- - ' 1 jf.-fx '- Jw., Af A 'px' 'F . www .K r- 4-'d.'?,. - ' :- , ,, A -A 4 ' . .. 1 . ,.- f. Q- 1, - vi--A - ' Ayn. , . N , V . . .A ' . .1 , Q .-Af ., A ,. Y L Q.:-ar H, . 5 . A Q me l Wa? 5, 4. Q-f 158 rr' A . . . U W I --fir . if if 1' ,, .1 - ,-If V - 4 ... r QA? 2' 3 QT lair ,- ' vi. .1 r-.Q f rv, 13 L I-' un f 4. , A -' 2? 1 ',-- -ii Q'-.itlizw lgrff,-n ' .-1'-'Y' 'Q ' s If ' H Z rffll, Jw , , . .F fffk 1 , ,, , ' ' Lg' 'xi 'if T -Q-Li:'If .V . 'if'-.?.11'f .2' .52-it Q., - '5fr'f'g'Jfc-1 4 '- .3131 LEM, Qs? ,fir ,' jf' T '-li-f5,..'.f'1?j, ' ':f1?L M. 'if 1' X' 1 'rv ' -,. .,.i1,g',,,,1., lj t .11 'i hi 1.-,R it 1... - -gn va X uft,--LYYQMZSE :ali -,.2 ' .3 www? xr .,:.:,. . -:A-JJ '-. 4,',l57-.:- Z, e . rj Vu -sf -V 1 -A - wx f .. 1- fm :fm 1- V, W +1 . ' L:-ff-PJ -Q.: 1- A f 4 1. - m1.. ' NJ- Q - . , 5- H1 Q., .- 1, .,g. 47 gg .- ,. , f T 4,.4y,::f-, - . 'Y 1 . . ,. . .. 'ex'-,: ' .-. ,'.-.i:,,-..:., 1 'Si,1zf-' -11 -, 1 -, ' , , ,L fk vs' N' .- ,- 2 X' ' H- ' : .-,und-1 , ,.-lf v.,f'H : 4 4' 'w . , -- 25- .rw , -V ,- L .1 . .- v -- x 45 W :.' , U - 'LQ 1' '-3L.,f4,'f 1.'ffLvfwr'-'1 'W ' 1, 'gif-gffmf - .415 mf, 4' - . f A . Q' 3 ' 4- ' 1 W 'in I Q- 'Z.-J' x ': f K A ' ' I- -4 :'-- eb -71 'A' ' X inn w g Y 4 Nl - Y- -1-fqf... 5 ,, 'via-'f,g,l',. p. .,5,X,: .--SE'-1f,1,'?--f-. :4- f'h.- y A - W . f , -V3 A N -- '-,vw G ' ,rv-' , fl -1.3.-'Q'4L lr- X... - ,.g.. 13 f,,-, ., '- , ' 'P Y i 5 Y ,f,:1 ' -'14, , .1 11' , - r ...fag 'ia' .YT 'QM' ' JW . -.1517 . ., . f, ..- .., - .. H , ff x ax 1 4,A,,1l. ,- ,.. . vs, , -, ff- .Y A , Lx' .f -A1 .,x'?1'4f-Q -F:1'U w., -H-'X'--4 -w ,. .A . .. -1 ,.f'.: 1 -- , . ' 3- ',- . r ' 1 .1 ' ,M fx .-' if w, wa. I mi: -.,.,b.h,,E.?LlA. ,S Q., ,, A ,Im if 1,55 I .-:zu if jf! w 'E A ' I ' 5' f nf ' , 'T' Q: ff-7 fzff. ' fan f -F. AY?-311 2 3 '74 ' L iv . N 'v 'W' , - ' f + - ' . 1' 4, i 1-f A 1 Ti' 1 -I L l u r R A- V4 wh 1 Pmfw -.,. . , . -, -A .,, J, 5 .L 1, A. ' 4 1 ' 1 Q ' r'-,L -:--,lik,LQ1Q.r,. A ,.-+4-1,1 -' f'-i5f-'-- lil --4-J' 5 Iv LIMITED EDITION copy NO. .849 , COPYRIGI-IT. I936 CHARLES ALAN HAUCK EdiIor-in-Chief PHILIP EDWIN I-IAGERTY Managing ECIIIOI' ' Y Dedication To WALTER S. GIFFORD, A.B., Harvard, trustee of The Cooper Union and one of its jirmest friendsg because since 1925, he has held the position of President of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, one o f the 'zoorld's foremost engineering organizationsg because he has been honored with an LL.D. from Williams and from Colgate, and a D.Sc. from Oberling because he is author of several books on current economic questions and for the last twenty-Jive years has served on many govern- mental committeesg and because he is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. r. Theme We, the stag? ofthe 1936 CABLE, have selected as our theme, The Engineer in the Modern World. Within these pages we have endeavored to elevate the engi- neer to his rightful place in society and to glorify his work and achievements. In keeping with this theme, and because of the great strides with which the field of photography has advanced in the past few years, we have employed this medium almost exclusively. Instead of the cus- tomary pictures we have used unusual camera tricks. Extraordinary shots from odd angles have been the keynote in the presentation of our subject. A vivid, illustrative, photographic his- tory-an absorbing panorama of present day technical progress ..... THE THEME of THE 1936 CABLE! THE SCHOOL THE SCHOOLS OF COOPER UNION The Cooper Union includes The Tollowing schools: lnsTiTuTe oT Technology, Day ArT School, Nighr School oT Engineering, and NighT School oT ArT. The TuiTion is Tree in all The schools-enTrance being gained by compeTiTive examinaTion only. The lnsTiTuTe oT Technology gives To The sTudenTs by day, inTensive Tour year courses leading To degrees in The Tour Tields oT engineering. The Day ArT School aims To give in Tour year courses, a general educaTion in The Fine ArTs oT Design To young men and women who expecT To be dependenT on Their own exe-rTions Tor gaining a livelihood. The NighT School oT Engineering since I932, oTTers six year courses, broadened considerably in scope as compared wiTh The Tive year courses, and leading To degrees in The Tour maior Tields oT engineering. The six year courses Thus serve beTTer To meeT The demands oT modern engineering. The NighT School oT ArT, which This year includes The NighT School oT ArchiTecTure, endeavors, Through comprehensive courses in The Fine ArTs oT Design, To Train The sTudenT To grasp and To solve prob- lems inTelligenTly, and To imparT To him The pracTical knowledge nec- essary Tor sTarTing work in his Tield. .,..L - - 1 'I ,-, .,,r -v ,v .mr +i'1'3i ,.,, xx' ::'.J -,-PEA' -1s-MQ, v '-b-wx '9 54 2 23 ff 'Zn is A0997 N vw mv W 246 , F . Q I 3 X ws .Si S-1 i' - 5 1 .l,1 W vi 5 1, . ! ' KX Yfgi-3 Rb w. , . V QV'3aK!L ' - 4,1 5 'R 4 2 N' Ax A N- Hs - , 'xx X XX N .N ...ur ,H M ,-. 5 n ,vm x 'Gnu jr- THE SPONSORS Because oT The unusual inTeresT oT Tl-IE T936 CABLE To all Those connecTed wiTh The Cooper Union, There are some who have seen TiT To iclenTiTy Themselves more Than oThers wiTh The eTTorT To aTTain The goal seT by The STaTT oT Tl'lE 1936 CABLE. To The Tollowing men, we convey our hearTTelT appreciaTion Tor The assisTance which has aidecl maTerially in reaching This goal. J. PIERPONT MORGAN, A.B., Harvard. Thrice hon- ored wiTh an LL.D., Trom TriniTy College, ConnecTicuTg Cambridge UniversiTy, England: and Harvard, he has also been honored wiTh a D.G.S. Trom New York UniversiTy. He is head oT J. P. Morgan and Com- pany, direcTor oT UniTed STaTes STeel Company oT New York, and oT AeTna Insurance Company. A TrusTee oT The Cooper Union since l9l2, Mr. Morgan also serves in ThaT capaciTy Tor The MeTropoIiTan Museum oT ArT, The American Museum oT NaTural HisTory, The New York Public Library, and The New York Trade School. His club memberships include'The MeTropoliTan, CenTury, Knickerbocker, UniversiTy, Har- vard, Union, and RacgueT and Tennis Clubs. ELIHU RGOT, Jr., A.B., A.M., HamilTon College. Honored wiTh an LL.B., Harvard, he is a member oT The Tirm OT RooT, Clark, and Buckner. Mr. RooT's direcTor- ships include: American Smellring and ReTining Com- pany, MuTuaI LiTe Insurance Company, All American Cables, Judiciary TrusT Company, Teachers Insurance and Annuily AssociaTion. He served as Maior, 307Th InTanTry, A.E.l:. TrusTee oT The Cooper Union since V929, and also oT HamilTon College and The MeTro- poliTan Museum oT ArT, Mr. RooT is a member oT The American Bar AssociaTion lNew York STaTe and CiTyl. He is a member oT The Phi BeTa Kappa honorary schoIasTic TraTerniTy and OT Sigma Phi, and OT The Uni- versiTy, Harvard, CenTury, and Knickerbocker Clubs. BARKLIE HENRY, A.B., Harvard. Mr. Henry is a direcTor oT The UniTed STaTes TrusT Company oT New York, Blue Ribbon Books lncorporaTed, and Reynal and HiTchcock, Publishers. He is also a direcTor oT The Milbank Memorial Fund and PresidenT oT The New York AssociaTion Tor Improving The CondiTion oT The Poor. Mr. Henry isa member oT The Board oT Governors oT The New York HospiTal, oT Bloomingdale HospiTaI and The Council oT New York UniversiTy. He is a TrusT'ee 'oT The Cooper Union since January, l935, oT ST. Georges School, NewporT, Rhode Island, and The Green Yale School in Roslyn, Long Island. His club memberships include The Harvard, Knickerbocker, and CenTury Clubs oT New York. PERCY R. PYNE, Jr., A.B., M.A., New College. Mr. Pyne began his college career al Princeion Universilry buf his sluciies were inJrerrup+ed by Jrhe World War. l-le served wi'rh rhe lO3rd Squadron in Erance and received The Dislinguishecl Service Cross. Aicier ffhe War he complered his college sludies a+ New College, Oxford, England, from which insiiluiion Mr. Ryne holds his AB. and M.A. degrees. Afler graduaiing from New College, he pursued furiher slrudies a+ Cam- -bridge in Archaeology and Elrhnology. Mr. Pyne has been Treasurer of The Cooper Union since l925. l-le is a member o'f'Jrhe Princeion and Uni- versily Clubs of New Yorlc Ciiy, and lakes an aclive pari in many chari+able and philanihropic underialcings. HENRY D. WILLIAMS, B.S. and M.E., Cooper Union. Leaving The Cooper Union, Mr. Williams ailended Columbia Universily Law School where he received his LLB. He is senior parrner of Williams, Rich and Morse, paleni, Jrrademarlc, and copyrighi law ailorneys. Vice-presideni of lshe American Paieni Law Associa- Jrion, he is also a member of Jrhe American Bar Associa- Jrion lNew Yorlc Siaie, New York Counly, and New Yorlc Ciiyl. Mr. Williams is numbered among Jrhe members of ihe Academy ol: Polilical Science, The American Museum of Naiural l-lisiory, Jrhe Meiropoli- ran Museum of Ari, lhe Sons of Jrhe Revolulion, and Jrhe American Red Cross. Mr. Williams is one of Jrhe naJrion's ioremosi lawyers, specializing in paieni law. ROBERT W. KALTENBACI-l, BS. and C.E., Cooper Union. Since gradualion from The Cooper Union, Mr. Kal+enbach has followed siriclly engineering work. Organizing his own firm of consulling engineers in I897, developing rapidly, and reorganizing inio Jrhe ln+ersJra+e Engineering Company, he became execuiive vice-presidenir of Jrhe McMyler lnlersialre Company. Since 1929, he has been presidenl of 'rhe R. W. Kallren- bach Corporaiion, specialisls in large equipmen+ handling. Mr. Kal+enbach holds Jrhe professional 'rilles of Civil and Mechanical Engineer under Ohio Shale Law. l-le is a member of The Cleveland Engineering Socieiy, American Sieel and lron lnsliiuie. Jrhe Union Club of Cleveland, and Jrhe Congressional Club. Tribu+e Engineers are meh, like you arid I, Whose works on earth will never die, They are chosen arid so endowed, That M'other Nature might be proud To say, Well dorte, my soris, your wor Has made life better here! Seaht praise is simg for those who hope To give this life a broader seope. Bat do not ,fear to forge ahead That you may say before yozt're dead, I did my part and did riot shirh, I am an Engineer! le MECHANICAL ENGINEERING l-lE advancemenT oT civilizaTion, The enlarged scope oT indusTry, The increase oT Travel, The developmenT oT ciTies-all These have TesTed The skill and ingenuiTy oT The mechanical engineer, and he has noT been Tound wanTing. Research, laboraTory work, TheoreTical sTudy have Their unguesTioned value. lmporTanT progressive resulTs, how- ever, are aTTained only by deTermined and unTiring applicaTion. Inven- Tion, discovery, and improvemenT in The Tield oT mechanical engineering have kepT pace wiTh The modern demand Tor saTeTy oT Travel, speed oT TransporTaTion, concenTraTion oT space, comTorTs oT living. The railways, auTomobiles, airplanes have had remarkable developmenTs in recenT years. Problems oT heaTing, reTrigeraTion, air-condiTioning, sTeam boilers, have been solved by The mechanical engineer. A survey oT The work in railroad developmenT, alone, is indicaTive oT The imporTance oT The mechanical engineer Today. l-ligh poinTs in engineering progress during The lasT Tew years have been: air-condiTioning on railroads: pre-cooling oT cars on railroadsg The applicaTion oT rubber heels aT all poinTs oT meTal conTacT on Trucks and underTrames oT pass- enger cars, The consTrucTion and inauguraTion oT high speed, sTreamlined sTeam locomoTivesg The inauguraTion oT sTreamlined Trains: TirsT laboraTory TesT oT 3600 horse-power Diesel elecTric engine, The use oT The mosT powerTul Diesel elecTric engine, l8GO horsepower uniT, Tor use on lighT weighT high speed Trains. These lasT Two developmenTs are mosT signiTicanT. The Twin uniT diesel-elecTric engine builT Tor TesT service on American railroads, in I935, made a remarkable run oT one Thousand one hundred and TourTeen miles. This was believed To be The longesT run ever made by a heavy Diesel-powered Train oT sTandard all-sTeel Pullman eoiuipmenT, wiThouT change oT engine, and sTopping only Tor reTueling and Tor The purpose oT discharging and embarking passengers. This engine is The mosT power- Tul oT iTs Type yeT placed in road service in This counTry. IT consisTs oT Two eighTeen hundred horsepower uniTs oT exacTly The same consTrucTion, eiTher one oT which can be used on lighTer Trains. When operaTed To- geTher The Two uniTs are handled by one engineer, who has absoluTe conTrol oT boTh uniTs. Earlier, in I934, The advenT oT a lighTweighT sTreamline Train oT sTainless sTeel equipped wiTh a six hundred and sixTy horsepower Two- cycle WinTon Diesel engine poinTed an imporTanT Trend in railway growTh. This Train represenTed an eTTorT To geT as Tar away as possible Trom The TradiTions and convenTions ThaT usually surround The design and con- sTrucTion oT railway eguipmenT. SubiecT only To such limiTaTions as Track gauge and ouTside clearance dimensions, The obiecTives seT ouT were comTorT, speed, economical operaTion, and beauTy and suiTabiliTy OT line and color boTh in exTerior and inTerior TreaTmenT, wiTh consTanT emphasis on saTeTy. IT is inTeresTing To noTe ThaT despiTe The Trend Toward elecTriTied power, The sTeam locomoTive is noT losing iTs place as an imporTanT moTive power on The railways. The improvemenTs ThaT have been made in sTeam locomoTives are as ouTsTanding as Those in oTher direcTions and The perTormance oT The laTesT Types iusTiTies The opinion ThaT They are sTill secure in The maior Tield oT railway operaTion. ExcerpTs Trom currenT adverTising oT railroad companies show ThaT even The mosT scienTiTic improvemenTs are oT inTeresT To The layman. The public reads in one: The exTerior is painTed a golden brown, Top and boTTom, wiTh sides and rounded nose oT canary yellow-a color selecTed because iT can easily be seen aT greaT disTances. The low cenTer OT graviTy, The elevaTed cab wiTh iTs dual conTrols, The dual Tog-peneTraTing headlighTs, The increased visibiliTy oT The exTerior color: a braking sysTem, especially designed To insure uTmosT saTeTy aT high speeds, are ouTsTand- ing TeaTures oT The Train. The course oT railroad hisTory as aTTecTed by The work oT The me- chanical engineer is similar in imporT To advancemenT in oTher Tields oT Travel and TransporTaTion. The use oT The auTomobile is Today wiThin reach and oTTen a necessiTy Tor The ouT-oT-The-way Tarmer, The small Town business man. Such widespread use oT This conveyance presenTed The problem To The engineer oT reducing cosT while improving cars as To speed, compacTness, eTc. The accomplishmenfs in This Tield are easily recognizable on any ciTy sTreeT or counTry road. The inTeresTUshown in The annual models oT auTomobiles is suTTicienT TesTimony To The guick awakening oT The public To The beauTy in a modern machine. The new sTandards reiecT all design Tor decoraTion's sake. They rely enTirely on The careTul sTudy oT The sTricTly useTul elemenTs oT The design, Tusing Them, so To speak, inTo a whole wiThouT any unnecessary TeaTures. The engineer has shown his arTisTic hand, as iT were, in sTreamlining. STreamlining is a Tashion, iT is True, buf iT is based on uTiliTy. There is no doubT ThaT The sTyle appeals To The public, Tor iT expresses The prevalenT vogue Tor speed. The guesT Tor speed creaTes The urge To eliminaTe all possible wind resisTance. This aTTords The scienTiTic basis Tor The sTyle and accounTs Tor The appearance oT The sTreamline eTTecTs in The new models oT auTomobiles, concurrenTly wiTh The greaT increase in Their capaciTy Tor speed. lvlan, long ago, proved his unwillingness To keep his TeeT on The ground no maTTer whaT The speed. ThoughTs oT air-Travel are Tound in wriTings many cenTuries back. Today air-Travel is noT merely an idea: iT Tk IU' is an esTablished realiTy. lT is an everyday occurrence Tor a man To leave his oTTice in New York CiTy aTTer lunch and meeT an associaTe Tor dinner in Chicago. Times Square To The Loop in Tive and Three-quarTer hoursl WiTh The aeroplane in consTanT use Tor business and pleasure Travel, The engineer has Tound iT necessary To look To more Than The basic consTrucTion oT The plane. lT has been his problem To work on deTails which bring This means oT conveyance wiThin The scope oT The ordinary raTher Than The unusual mode oT TraTTic. QuesTions oT speed, oT saTe landings, oT size, have 'required comprehensive sTudy. NOT very many years ago, an air TlighT was considered an adven- Ture, a daring TeaT. Today, an air-minded public is Tamiliar wiTh such Terms as wing Tlaps, balancing Tabs, wheel cuTTs, assisT loops. RecenTly manuTacTured planes oTTer noTable perTecTion in design and consTrucTion Trom The sTandpoinT oT uTiliTy and beauTy aT prices which are relaTively very low. Today we can Truly believe iT is easy To Tly. This generaTion owes a debT oT graTiTude To The mechanical engineer. l-le has given iT Ten league booTs, he has helped iT To soar To The clouds. We Think oT him as a scienTiTic, pracTical Tigure. l-le is also a romanTic one. l-lis work requires ToresighT, vision, selT-sacriTice. l-le musT be willing and able To see The TuTure. Modern engineering has given new values To Time and space. Dis- Tances have been shorTened, Time has been increased Tor us. ExecuTives oT business organizaTions can visiT branches Trom C5oTham To The Golden GaTe wiThin a week. Lives are daily saved because special serums or oTher medicinal services can be broughT To ouT oT The way places aT incredible speed. The engineer has ouTwiTTed even The weaTher man. ln The middle oT a swelTering AugusT day in a hoT ciTy, iT is unnecessary To Travel many miles Tor cooling relieT. EnTrance inTo almosT any TheaTer provides a mild, cool TemperaTure made possible by The mechanical engineer's work in air-cooling and air-condiTioning. WiTh such provision Tor our speed and saTeTy oT Travel and Trans- porTaTion, Tor our comTorT, Tor our pleasure, iT would seem as if The mechanical engineer could siT back, crowned wiTh a laurel wreaTh, To view his wonderTul work wiTh pride. 3uT even iT we are saTisTied, he is noT. The clouds are noT high enough Tor him. l-le will go TurTher. We have read oT occasional aTTempTs aT sTraTospheric TlighTs. This is The problem The mechanical engineer has underTaken. l-le will solve iT. l-le has made slow, Tedious Travel a Thing oT The pasT, he will make sTraTo-- spheric invesTigaTion a possibiliTy Tor The TuTure. l-le has vision. l.eT us have TaiTh in his vision. ADMINISTRATION THE COOPER UNION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART PRESIDENT Oano Dunn TRUSTEES J. I3ierponI Morgan WaIIer S. C5iITord Barklie Henry EIiI'iu Root Jr. SECRETARY TREASURER Edward L. Rehm Percy R. Pyne, Jr. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY EDWARD L. REI-IM, Secrefary RUTH ANN DORE BETTY CARBON OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR MISS M. S. WOLF, Regisfrar OERALDINE O'RIORDAN MARGARET GORMAN DOROTHY STRINGER LIBRARY JOHN H. MORIARITY, Librarian C. M. MOORE, Assis'ran'r Librarian ' J. S. HUTCHINSON, Jr., AssisIanI Librarian MARGARET HAUSAMANN JOHN E. HERTEL MAURICE H. SMITH WILLIAM WALLENTA MARC A. NOCERINO ANTHONY VITETTI ANDREW FONDAK FRANK K. RUF JOHN TRIGGS GEORGE F. BATEMAN, ProTessor and Dean As Tine a man as you could ever expecT To meeT. The sTudenTs know him well and oTTen seek his advice and counsel To carry Them over The rougher places. Dean BaTeman himselT has TrequenTly said, My happiesT mo- menTs are Those spenT in advisory service wilh The many sTudenTs who, due To various adverse circumsTanc:es, Tind Themselves in diTliculTies, scholasTic or oTherwise. l-lelpTul, TaTherly, cheerTul-giving hirnselT unsTinTingly To The welTare oT The Cooper Union and iTs sTudenTs, he has displayed Those sTerling qualiTies common To Thal' band oT men who have given To The Cooper Union iTs meriTorious scholasTic repuTaTion. Engineering Schools FacuI+y and Insfrucfing Sfaffs DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GEORGE E. BATEMAN, B.E., M.E., Professor HERBERT E. ROEMMELE. B.S., M.E., AssIsI'anf Professor EMANUEL A. SALMA, B.S. WILLIAM T. PETERSEN, B.S. WILLIAM A. VOPAT, B.S. CHARLES A. ADAMS, Laborafory Assisfanf WERNER O. ENTENMANN, B.S., M.E. CHARLES F. PIHLBLAD, Mechanician DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING FRED E. FOSS, A.M. Sc.D., Professor RAY C. BRUMFIELD, B.S., Assisfanf Professor GILBERT MORRISON, B.S., C.E. WILLIAM E. BROWN, B.S. J. P. J. WILLIAMS, M.S., C.E. JAMES P. O'DONNELL, M.S. LAWRENCE PEREZ, B.S. GOTTFRIED BERG, Laborafory Assisfanr CHARLES O. ROTH. Jr., B.S. DANIEL E. ENDRISS, Mechanician MILES H. VAN BUREN, B.S., C.E. MARY GRADY, Secrefary DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ALBERT B. NEWMAN, B.CI1.E., PI'1.D., Professor HENRY C. ENDERS, B.C., A.M., CI'u.E., Assisfenf Professor JAMES COULL, BSC., A.M., PILD., Assisfanf Professor HENRY B. HOPE, CI1.E., A.M. L. L. B. SUMMERS ALLAN A. TARR, S.B. GEORGE S. MUELLER, B.S. RAYMOND E. KUNZ, B.S., CI1.E. HENRY J. GOLLE, Laborefory Assisfanf CLARENCE S. SHERMAN, Sc.B., Ph.D. EDWARD CANNON, Chemical Assisfanf RAYMOND SZYMANOWITZ, B.S. PAULINE M. CRONON, Secrefary DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING NORMAN L. TOWLE, B.S., E.E., Professor ERNEST W. STARR, E.E, Assisfanf Professor A. J. B. FAIRBURN, B.S., PLM. CHARLES ZELLER F. HOWARD TALLMAN, BS. WILLIAM SPYKER, Mechanicien PHILIP NUDD, M.S. ALBERT GOERTZ, B.S., C.E. HARRY BROWN, Laborafory Assisfanf FREDERICKA I-IERTEL, Secrefary F. E. Foss A. Ball H. W. Redclick A. B. Newman N. L. Towle H. C. Enders R. C. Brumfield K. Hauplman W. J. Pickeh' H. W. Merrill' J. Coull F. H. Miller J. P. Williams W. E. Bosseri' H. B. Hope A. J. Fairburn H. Roemmele W. G. Findley C. H. Young F. H. Tallman C. H. Lehmann L. Perez E. A. Salma H. Halsey E. Manfz A. L. Tarr E. Slarr A. H. Church NN. A. Vopaf R. J. F. Kunz DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ALBERT BALL, A.B., Professor KARL I-IAUPTMAN, B.S., AssisI'an'I Professor HAROLD W. MERRITT, B.S., Assisranr Professor WILLIAM E. BOSSERT, ss. . HERMAN STEMPERI B-5- HUGH I-IALSEY, AE. HENRY OTTEN, Jr., Bs., EE. srAIsII.EY L. SCHAUSS, EE. I2AouL A. EAIQALLA, Bs.. E.E. WILLIAM I+ sPAEIN, Bs.. E.E. QARLYLE W. MILLER, Bs.. E.E. ROY W. BURNS, A.B., Bs. A. P. CRAIG, Jr.. EE. OLAP o. GERDIN, Bs. SAMUEL MATTHEWS, MEELEUIEIEE DEPARTMENT OF MACHINE DESIGN C. I-IIGBIE YOUNG, B.S., AssIs'IaI'II Professor AUSTIN H. CHURCH, M.E., M.S. OTTO 6. FULLER, B.S., M.E. JOHN W. LANGGUTH, B.S. CE. ROBERT SALMONSEN, B.S., M.E. JOHN J. CURREY, B.S., M.E. KENNETH E. LOEGREN, M.S. DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS HARRY W. REDDICK, A.M,, Ph.D.. Professor WILLIAM J. PICKETT, B.S., Assis'ranI Professor EREDERIC H. MILLER, M.S.. Ph.D., Assisrenr Professor CHARLES H. LEHMANN, B.S., A.M., M.E. JOSEPH J. TANZOLA, A.M. DONALD C. MacLEAN, A.B. EDWARD J. LARKIN, B.S. E. 6. TAPLIN, B.S., A.M. ALBERT H. BEILER, B.S., E.E. SYLVESTER B. SHERIDAN. B.E. FRANK J. MCMACKIN, Ph.D. ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT WARREN G. FINDLEY, A.M., Ph.D., AssisIanI In Psychology ELMER MANTZ, A.B., Ph.D., Insfrucfor in charge of English E. CARL RIEDEL, B.S., M.A., Insrrudror in English WILBUR G. VALENTINE, A.B., M.S., IrIs+ruc'ror in Elemenfs of Trade THOMAS V. GARVEY, Insfrucfor in Accounring MACK C. GORHAM, IrIsIrucIor in English IN MEMORIAM PROFESSOR CARL ROSSMASSLER I877 - I935 HEAD of DEPARTMENT of MACHINE DESIGN C. S. Sherman P. Nucld S. L. Sclwauss J. Langgullw E. G. Taplin S. B. Sliericlan W. H. Spalm J. J. Tanzola E. J. Larkin O. G. Puller R. VV:-.Burns O. G. Gerdin W. Enlenmann H. sfgmper N H. Ollen, Jr. R. A. Faralla lvl. Van Buren R. Szymanowifz F. J. lvlclvlaclcin VV. T. Pefersen C. W. Miller A. P. Craig A. H. Beiler F. C. Riedel R. Salmonsen J. J. Currey K. E. Lofgren G. S. Mueller W. Valenline L. L. Summers Ar+ ScITooIs FacuI+y ILLUSTRATIONS and MURALS PERSPECTIVE AUSTIN J. PURVES, Jr. ADVERTISING DESIGN WALTER M. WESTERVELT ARCHITECTURE ESMOND SHAW HARRY E. WARREN BEN KENNETH WYATT C. DALE BADGELEY FRANCIS W. ROUDEBUSH BRUCE RABENOLD EDWIN ACKER SAMUEL ENTWISTLE HAROLD M. HEATLEY DECORATIVE DESIGN CAROL HARRISON HENRIETTA SCI-IUTZ LETTERING CRAFTS ESMOND SHAW CATHERINE B. HELLER DAVID I-IYIVIES GEORGE H. FERRENZ FASHION ILLUSTRATION RUTH H UTTON PICTORIAL DESIGN ' CHARLES RUDY MARGARET COWAN CAROL HARRISON LEWIS DANIEL DAVID TURNBULL STUART ELDRIDGE BYRON THOMAS PAUL EEELEY ROBERT S. I-IUTCI-IINS SCULPTURE GAETANO CECERE CHARLES RUDY PAINTING ALGOT STENBERY ANATOL SHULKIN WALLACE HARRISON INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE and FURNITURE HARRY E. WARREN HENRY A. GOLDSIVIITH AUSTIN J. PURVES, Jr., Direclor E. Slwaw E. Acker C. Badgeley I.. Daniel S. Enlwislle G. H. Ferrenz H. Golclsmilh H. M. Healley B. Heller R. S. Hulchins C. Rudy B. Rabenold H. Schulz A. Sfenbery B. Thomas H. E. Warren J. iH.YMoriari+y M. Hausamann J. Hufchinson C. M. Moore M. Smirh W. Wallenra A. Fondak A. Vi'reHi THE LIBRARY Many rhenks are due +o Jrhe members of 'rhe s+a1':F of The library, headed by John H. Moriarify and Margaref E. Hausarnann, from numerous s+udenJrs of borh engineering and ar+ schools. I+ is Jro Jrheir earnesr, symparheric, and efficienf co- opera+ion Jrhai a grear number of us owe our scholasfic success ai The Cooper Union. THE ADMINISTRATWE ASSISTANTS H' is a well known feci Thar no coiiege course, however carefully planned is ever un- hampered by obsracles. Consequenrly, much unheralded and of++imes unnolriced assis+ance behind Jrhe scenes is necessary. To The various laborarory assis+an+s, mechanicians, secreraries, and clerks, Jrhe smooih, unbroken 'renor oi The Cooper Union musr be credired. H. Goile E. Cannon D. Srringer P. Cronon N. Failenburq J. J. Cowdery CIVIL ENGINEERING N lB98, men gazed wiTh wonder aT and spoke in hushed Tones oT The Brooklyn Bridge. Today This pales in signiTicance beside Tremendous proiecTs like The George WashingTon Bridge, Boulder Dam and The TVA developmenT. CurrenT social and economic problems have pre- senTed a challenge To The civil engineer, a challenge he has meT nobly. Bridges, Tunnels, dams, highways, irrigaTion sysTems all over The UniTed STaTes are permanenT monumenTs To The scope and sTrengTh oT The civil engineer's work. The civil engineer does noT TighT naTure3 in recenT years he has learned how To conTrol and uTilize her. Engineering has made iT possible To span wide areas oT waTer, To diverT waTer, To conTrol iT, To harness iT, Qne governmenT proiecT alone, The Boulder Canyon ProiecT, is an underTaking ThaT will mark an epoch in The hisTory oT The greaT engineer- ing achievemenTs oT The world. For over sixTeen years The Bureau oT ReclamaTion oT The UniTed STaTes DeparTmenT oT The lnTerior worked on The perTecTion oT a plan whereby The periodic ravages oT The Tempera- menTal Colorado River mighT be eliminaTed and iTs power diverTed To useTul ends. Finally The Tollowing plan was developed: l:irsT-The con- sTrucTion oT a dam, in one oT The canyons oT The Colorado River, large enough To conTrol The Tlow oT waTer aT all Times, To provide Tlood sTorage, To sTore waTer Tor irrigaTion and domesTic use, and To serve as a seTTling basin Tor mud and silT. Second-The excavaTion oT The All-American Canal, To conducT, Tor irrigaTion purposes, waTer Trom The Colorado aT a poinT above Yuma, Arizona, To The Tarm lands in souTh-easTern Cali- Tornia. Third-The consTrucTion oT a power planT, irnmediaTely below Tne dam, To generaTe elecTrical energy, The sale oT which would make Tue enTire proiecT selT-liguidaTing. When work was sTarTed on Boulder Dam, The UniTed STaTes launched The largesT governmenT proiecT since The Panama Canal. Boulder Dam will be The world's highesT concreTe sTrucTure, and The highesT and largesT cam ever consTrucTed. IT is To be The arch-graviTy Type, 45 TeeT Thick aT Twe Top, 650 TeeT Thick aT The base, and will rise abouT 730 TeeT above Twe ToundaTion rock. lTs lengTh along The Top will be Il80 TeeT. The cam proper will conTain abouT 3,400,000 cubic yards oT concreTe mas- onry, and I,000,000 cubic yards more will be used in consTrucTing The power house and relaTed sTrucTures. The ToTal guanTiTy oT concreTe, 4,4-00,000 cubic yards, would be suTTicienT To build a sTandard paved highway I6 TeeT wide Trom Miami, Florida, To SeaTTle, WashingTon. The engineering and consTrucTion problems ThaT musT be solved in building a dam oT This size are oT4 a magniTude and complexiTy ThaT are diTTiculT To realize. In This proiecT we see The inTerreIaTion oT The various branches oT engineering, in This insTance, The deparTmenT oT civil, mechanical, and eIecTricaI engineering. All engineers are more or less Tamiliar wiTh The basic consTrucTion and hydraulic problems oT The Boulder Dam proiecT. NoT so many appreciaTe The larger beneTiTs incidenTaI To This greaT work, including noT only The immediaTe and varied waTer services, buT also The aTTendanT economic and recreaTional values. This is an epic proiecT, The Tar reaching eTTecTs oT which in engineer- ing economics and social deveIopmenT we are yeT To wiTness. AnoTher proiecT egual in boldness and magniTude is The Tennessee Valley AuTh- oriTy deveIopmenT. Two parTicuIarIy inTeresTing engineering accompIishmenTs oT The proiecT are Wilson Dam and Pickwick Landing. Begun during The World War and IeTT virTuaIIy idle unTil The esTabIishmenT oT The TVA, Wilson Dam is nearly a mile long, IO7 TeeT high, and IOI TeeT Thick aT The base. IT has TiTTy-eighT 38-TooT spillways each capable oT passing I0,000 cubic TeeT oT waTer per second. The power pIanT consisTs oT nine generaTors wiTh a ToTal capaciTy oT 26I,5OO horsepower and space available Tor addiTional eguipmenT To bring The ToTaI up To 6I3,000 horsepower. IT is The source oT TVA eIecTriciTy Today. EighT miles upsTream Trom Shiloh I3aTTIeTieId, Tennessee, and 53 miles below Wilson Dam, is The siTe oT Pickwick Landing Dam. ITs con- sTrucTion was auThorized on November 2I, I934 as The nexT Iink in The chain. IT will be almosT a mile and a haIT long I7,7IO TeeTI and IO3 TeeT high and will have a navigaTion lock 600 TeeT long by I IO TeeT wide wiTh a IiTT oT ol TeeT, The greaTesT single IiTT in The world. The waTers above The dam will back up To The TooT oT Wilson Dam which means ThaT when Norris, Wheeler, and Pickwick are in operaTion There will be a 7-TooT navigaTion channel Trom The mouTh oT The Tennessee aT Paducah, Ken- Tucky, To Pickwick Landing and a 9-TooT channel Trom There To GunTers- ville, Alabama, a ToTal disTance oT 358 miles. The dam will also aid in reducing The cresT oT Tlood waTers. While no power TaciIiTies will be insTaIIed aT TirsT, The dam will be consTrucTed wiTh inTake pipes permiTTing The addiTion oT a power house IaTer. The dam is expecTed To be com- pIeTed in I937. LInconTroIIed, running waTer means Tloods, desTrucTion oT The soil, loss oT human IiTe. ConTroIIed running waTer means securiTy, comTorT, convenience. The civil engineer has sTudied and worked wiTh running waTer so ThaT he knows how To apply The conTroIs. Boulder Dam and The deveIopmenT in The Tennessee Valley are Two marvels oT appIicaTion. .tx N. L X x x 1 Xx -.......,, 5 TF?-:I L1 ,ma if In-1 Y, The civil engineer has noT only shown how To conTrol waTer buT how To span iT. The lasT decade has seen The consTrucTion oT bridges The lengTh and widTh oT which are almosT incredible. The George Washing- Ton Bridge over The l-ludson River, connecTing I79Th STreeT, New York CiTy and l:orT Lee, New Jersey, is The longesT suspension span in The world. lT Took Tour and one-halT years To consTrucT. AT presenT The bridge is a single deck sTrucTure consisTing oT Tour roadway lanes and Two pedesTrian sidewalks. AddiTional roadway lanes and a lower deck, inTended Tor rapid TransiT service, can be added To meeT TuTure re- oiuiremenTs. T The San Francisco-Cakland Bay Bridge, now under consTrucTion, will be The largesT bridge in The world. lT will span The San Francisco Bay, The largesT maior navigable body oT waTer yeT bridged. The Bridge proper will be 23,000 TeeT long. lTs piers esTablish new engineering records Tor The depTh below waTer and Tor The speed and volume oT The pouring oT concreTe. The developmenT oT This sTrucTure has received widespread public inTeresT and communiTy cooperaTion. The people oT CaliTornia have Tollowed wiTh graTiTicaTion The consTrucTion oT caTwalks and The spinning oT cables. One oT The mosT inTeresTing TeaTures oT bridge building is The monThs oT preliminary work and maThemaTical cal- culaTions ThaT precede The work in The Tield. Closely associaTed wiTh The consTrucTion oT bridges is The building oT Tunnels. Familiar To us is The world's busiesT vehicular Tunnel, The l-lolland Tunnel, which providing a direcT rouTe beTween New Jersey and lower lVlanhaTTan, consisTs oT Two Tubes, one Tor easTbound and one Tor wesTbound TraTTic, each Two lanes wide. AnoTher noTable Tunnel is The New York CiTy waTer Tunnel, The largesT and deepesT waTer Tunnel in The world, exTending TwenTy miles Trom Yonkers Reservoir To The Red l-look secTion oT Brooklyn aT an average depTh oT 600 TeeT. I938 will see The opening oT The lVlidTown l-ludson Tunnel Tor TraTTic beTween Mid- Town New York and Weehawken, New Jersey. Over waTer, under waTer, on land, The civil engineer has specTacular achievemenT To his crediT. lncreasing auTomobile Travel has necessi- TaTed new developmenTs in highways-in maTerials, in widTh, in curving and grading, The civil engineer has meT and surpassed The numerous and inTricaTe demands placed on him by The sTress oT economic, indusTrial, and social Trends oT The Times. 'l-le is noT conTenT To span The waTerways wiTh bridges, he is prepared To span The land To make room Tor TasT, long- s+re+Qh Travel and commerce. The Pulaski Skyway in New Jersey is merely a hinT oT The sky roadways, The super-highways ThaT The civil engineer envisions Tor The noT Too Tar oTT TuTurel SENIORS TO THE SENIORS A Tew years ago, you enTered The hallowed halls OT The Cooper Union-young, hopeTul, ambiTious. Many oT you Tell in The arduous sTruggle-some never To rise, oThers To TighT again To The Top. The Tew OT you who remain, who are being graduaTed To The TulTillmenT oT your hopes and plans, have The makings OT success already wiThin your grasp. The Bachelor OT Science degree given To you loy The Cooper Union is an honor OT which you can loe iusTly proud. This recogniTion oT your scholasTic excellence ranks wiTh Those oT The largesT engineer- ing colleges in The world. Treasure iTl BoasT oT iTl Remember, always, The man who made This possilole, Remember The ideals OT PeTer Cooper! Keep Them alive, keep Them loeTore you as your guide and model. BuT--The work OT PeTer Cooper is noT yeT Tinished. IT is your duTy as memloers oT The Alumni AssociaTions To help in iTs compleTion. PeTer Cooper once said, l have always Tried To do The lc-esT l know how. WiTh your graduaTion Trom The Cooper Union, you musT know how. All ThaT remains Tor you is To go ouT and do your besT. JOHN A. ABBATE Archiiecfure Cen'I'raI High School ' HERBERT ADLER Elecirical Engineering Cily College Member American lnsiiiule of Eleclrical Engineers. NICHOLAS C. APOSTOLOU AEK Archifecrure Brooklyn Technical High School Seclion Treasurer '33, Archiieciural Business Man- ager I935 Cable, Senior Hop Commillee '36, DAVID ARONSON Chemical Engineering New York Universiiy MICHAEL ARUCK 'IVEQ Elecfrical Engineering Crosby High School, Conn. Member American lnsliluie ol: Eleclrical Engineers, Track I year, Foolball 3 years, Aihlelic Associaiion Treasurer '35, Alhleiic Associalion Presicleni '36. SAM AUERBACH Archileclure Thomas Jefferson High School MAX AXELROD Chemical Engineering Boy's High School Baslcelball 2 years, Glee Club, Member American Insliiule of Chemical Engineers, Malhemalics Club. FREDERICK W. BAPTISTA Civil Engineering DeWiH Clinion High School Treasurer American Sociely of Civil Engineers '35, Presidenl American Sociely oi Civil Engineers '36. GEORGE BENDA Chemical Engineering Bushwiclc High School STANLEY E. BERG KIIESZ Elecirical Engineering Thomas Jefferson H. S. Member American lnsiiiure oi Elecirical Engineers, American Insiiiuie of Banking. RALPH J. BERGMAN Chemical Engineering James Monroe High School Junior Prom Commiiiee '35, Senior Hop Commiilee '36, Pioneer 2 years. ABRAHAM BERLIN Mechanical Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. ANDREW BARRY Mechanical Engineering Harrison High School Maihemaiics Club, Secreiary American Socieiy oi Mechanical Engineers '34. H. CARL BAUMAN Elecrrical Engineering DeWi++ Clinron High School CHARLES S. BEGELMAN AME Mechanical Engineering Easr. Disf. Evening H. S. Class Presiclenr '33, Junior Prom Commiiiee '33, Maihemaiics Club, Member American Socieiy oi Mechanical Engineers. FERDINAND BELLO Archifeciure Ci+y College IRVING BLACK Civil Engineering Brooklyn Polyrechnic lnsiiiufe Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers, Maihemafics Club. ' FRANK BLAHA, Jr. Archifecrure Mechanics lnsfifuie' Secrion Presicleni '34, Secrion Treasurer '36, Mem- ber Siudeni Council '34, EDWARD J. BLASS Civil Engineering Praii lnsiiiuie LESLIE W. BOLLMAN Civil Engineering Mechanics lnsiiiuie Class Secreiary '33, Class Vice-presideni '34, Mem- ber American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. STEPHEN BOROSS Chemical Engineering Cass Tech. H. S., Deiroii Nighr Circulaiion Pioneer '36. ANGELO BOTTA Mechanical Engineering Siuyvesani' High School Member American Socieiy of Mechanical Engineers. EDWARD BRADY Archiieciure Brooklyn Technical High School JAMES J. BURKE QIPEQ Eiecirical Engineering S+. John's Universify l l JOHN ALLAN CASSELL Civil Engineering Brooklyn Technical High School VICTOR E. CATALDO Elecfrical Engineering Guayama High School Member American Sociely of Elecrrical Engineers. LOUIS CESALETTI Chemical Engineering CliH'on H. S., N. J. Member American lnsrilule of Chemical Engineers, Malhemalics Club. MURRAY CHARLESTON Archifeciure ' Hebrew Technical lnsfiiuie Secl. Vice-presiclem' '36. ' LOUIS CANTOR Arch'i+ec'luref Newg Lo'l's'Evening High School JOSEPH JAMES CAPO Mechanical Engineering - Regis High School LOVELL FRANK CARDENAS Eleclrical Engineering Ocean Grove H.'S., N. J. Treasurer American lnsliluie oi Eleclrical Engineers '35, Maihemalics Club. STEN A. CASPERSSON Civil Engineering Erasmus Hall High School Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. N l i HYMAN l. COHEN Civil Engineering ' Cify College Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. SAM U EL COH EN W AME Civil Engineering Classical H. S., Worcesleru Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers, Bas- lcelball '33, Baskelball Manager '33, IRWIN M. COLEMAN Elecfrical Engineering Townsend Harris H. S. Member American Sociely of Eleclrical Engineers. LAWRENCE B. COONAN Civil Engineering PraH' lns+i'I'u'l'e l GEORGE T. COOPER Chemical Engineering Lincoln H. S., Jersey Ciiy Member American Insiiiule of Chemical Engineers, Glee Club, Maihemalics Club. MORRIS COOPER Chemical Engineering Universiiy Prep. School ALFRED G. CORUZZI Archiieciure S+uyvesan+ High School HERCULES CUTTlCA Elec-lrical Engineering Sfuyvesanl' High School JOSEPH J. DeMAIO Mechanical Engineering Sluyvesani' High School Member American Sociely of Mechanical Engineers. BERNARD DI PAOLO Archifecfure Pa'I'erson H. S. IRWIN DLUGATCH EIec'I'r'ical Engineering Boys' High School Managing Ecliior I935 Cable. PHILIP R. DOWDEN Chemical Engineering Sfuyvesanl' High School Member American Insiiiuie of Chemical Engineers. JOHN DANIEL CZARNECKI Chemical Engineering Dickinson High School Member American Socieiy for Melals, Member Cooper Union Chemical Sociely, Class Vice-presi- clenl '33, GERALD F. DALTON Archiireciure Black Rock College, Dublin, 'Ireland HAROLD D. DECKER ' MAO EIec+ricaI Engineering Sluyvesani' High School Member American Insriiuie of Elecirical Engineers, Malhemalics Club, Rifle Club. MICHAEL P. D'ELIA Elecirical Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. Siuclenl Council '35, Class Treasurer '35, Member American Insliiuie ol: Elecirical Engineers, Malhe- malics Club. - ELSA-MARIE DOYLE Decoralive Design Washinglon Irving H. S. Member Glee Club, Newman Club, Dramaiic Club. ' MARGARET G. DRAKE Archilecfure Columbia Universify Seciion Secrerary '35, Class Secrerary '36. DAVID DRIMER Chemical Engineering DeWiH' Clinion H. S. CHARLES DUFFY Civil Engineering Brooklyn Prep. School Class Presidenr 2 years, Srucleni Council 2 years, Vice-chairman American Sociely of Civil Engineers 2 years. RAYMOND B. DUGUID -12252 Elecfrical Engineering Manual Training H. S. Annual Commirlee '36, Senior Hop Cornmirree. WALTER WILLIAM EDMAN Chemical Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. LEOPOLD EICHENBAUM Civil Engineering Cily College Baslelball 4 years, Class Presideni '34, Member General Srudenfs' Council '34, Board of Manage- menr Pioneer '35. SIDNEY EITELBERG Civil Engineering Cily College Member American Socieiy ol Civil Engineers. i l MILTON FlNK Mechanical Engineering Morris High School Member American Socieiy oi Mechanical Engineers. EDWARD GEORGE FlSOl'lER, Jr. Mechanical Engineering Siuyvesani High School Member American Socieiy of Mechanical Engineers, Marrhemaiics Club, lnierclass Baskelball and Waler Polo Teams. ROBERT J. FLETCHER Civil Engineering Whife Plains High School Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. DAVID W. FRIEDMAN ' Archirecfure Brooklyn Technical High School Vice-presideni oi Seciion '33, MAC C. ELBAUM Archiieciure S+uyvesan+ High School FREDERICK EMIGHOLZ QAKP Chemical Engineering Manual Training H. S. Class Treasurer '3l, Class Presicleni and Member General Srudenis' Council '32, Ex-Business Manager 1935 Cable. LEWIS EVANS Elecfrical Engineering Nyack High School Member American lnsiirule oi Elecirical Engineers, Rifle Club. JOSEPH FAMOSO Civil Engineering PraH lnsiiiuie SEYMOUR FRIEDMAN Archifecfure James Madison High School Eooibail 3 years. V A oscAR M.GADEMANN A Elecfrical Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. SALVATORE GANGI . Mechanical Engineering Seward Park H. S. Class Secrerary '34, Member American Sociely ol Mechani-cal Engineers. VERNON L. GARRlSON Elec+rical Engineering 1 Curiis High School ROBERT A. GERHOLD Elech-ical Engineering Si-uyvesanl High School Member American lnslilule of Eleclrical Engineers, Maihemafics Club, Rifle Club. JAMES J. GILL llflfl Elecrrical Engineering Regis High School Class Vice-presidenr 2 Years, Class Prssiclenr 3 Years, Assislanl Business Manager I935 Cable, General Srudenis' Council, Annual Commiifee '35, Blanlcel Fee Comrnillee '36. SAMUEL GINESIN Civil Engineering Cify College Member American Sociely of Civil Engineers. MILTON GOLDBER6 Elecfrical Engineering Thomas Jefferson H. S. NILS GRAVDAL Elec+rical Engineering Bay Ridge Evening H. S. BEN GRASSMAN Elecirical Engineering Passaic High School Member American lnsiilule of Elecirical Engineers, Maihemarics Club. JULIAN F. GUDEL Civil Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. Member American Sociely of Civil Engineers. SAMUEL GULKO Archifecfure Morris High School Seciion Presiclenl' 2 years, Class Treasurer 2 years. LOUIS GOLDMAN Chemical Engineering Spring Valley High School Member American lnsliiuie of Chemical Engineers, Maihemalics Club. SYDNEY GOLDMAN Archirecfure Siuyvesanl' High School V EDWARD GOLUB Eleclrical Engineering Cil'y College Member American lnsliluie of Elecirical Engineers Marhemaiics Club, Glee Club. CHARLES E. GORMAN 52547 Elecrrical Engineering Flushing High School Treasurer '34, Chairman '36 American Sociely oi Elecirical Engineers. EDWARD A. HANPASHIAN Archifedure Sfuyvesani' High School ELEANOR A. HARTLEY Decorafive Design Roosevielf High School Newman Club, Glee Club, Secreiary of Junior Class '34, Drarnaiic Club. BERNARD A. HEFFAN Archi+eci'ure Siuyvesani' High School Seciion Presideni '34, Seciion Secre+ary and Treasurer Z years. HARVEY W. HEINE Civil Engineering James Monroe High School Member Maihemaiics Club, Rifle Club. ALBERT HERDMAN Civil Engineering Woodrow Wilson High School Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers, Class Vice-presideni '33. ROY V. HIGH, Jr. Chemical Engineering Thomas Jefferson H. S. Member American lnsiiiuie of Chemical Engineers, Maihemaiics Club. JOSEPH A. HILL Chemical Engineering New Lois Evening H. S. FRED A. HOLT Archifecfure Pearl River High School GEORGE H. INGRAM - Archilecrure Ridgefield Park High School ERIC BABER ISAACS . Archirecfure Sl. Vincenfs, Cambridge, England ARTHUR WILLIAM JENSKY I Archifeclure Texlile High School CHARLES A. JOHNSON Eleclrical Engineering Manual Training H. S. STEPHEN G. HORESTA Mechanical Engineering Passaic High School Class Treasurer '34, Member American Socieiy oi Mechanical Engineers. ' LEWIS A. HORNBY . Civil Engineering Dickinson High School SAMUEL HUBERMAN ' E Archileclure Alexander Hamillon H. S. MEYER M. HUNGER Chemical Engineering Franklin K. Lane H. S. Class Secrela ry '34. EDWIN JUD Chemical Engineering Jamaica High School Fooiball '33, Maihemarics Club, Member Ameri- can lns+i+u+e of Chemical Engineers. GEORGE KARNOFSKY Chemical Engineering Brooklyn College Member American lnsiiiule of Chemical Engineers, Glee Club, Treasurer Maihemalics Club, EUGENE A. KELLY SZAFIF Chemical Engineering Hempsieacl High School Class Pres. 3 years, Nighi Siudenfs Council 3 years, Pioneer 3 years, Annual Commiiiee 5 years. Senior l-lop Commiiiee '36, Gold C , Publicily Manager i935 Cable, Enierfainmeni Chairman Annual '36. RAYMOND K. KILMER KIFESZ Elecfrical Engineering Washinglon lrving H. S. Class Vice-presiclenr '33, Nighl Annual Cornmiiiee, Junior Prom Commiliee, Member American So- ciory of Elecirical Engineers. i 1 l EDWARD KISBANY Chemical Engineering Memorial High School Malhemalics Club. SEYMOUR KlVO Mechanical Engineering Hebrew Tech. lns'H'l'ul'e Track Team 2 years. GEORGE KLIGFIELD Mechanical Engineering New Haven High School Class Treasurer '33, Business Manager 1935 Cable. Member American Socieiy of Mechanical Engin- eers, Senior l-lop Commiilee '36, Gold Ex Pos? Facio. FRED KORN Mechanical Engineering Sluyvesanl' High School Member American Socieiy of Mechanical Engineers, Malhemaiics Club, lnierclass Baslcelball and Wafer Polo Teams, Rifle Club. WALTER C. F. KUDAK Civil Engineering Rulgers Universify Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers, Glee Club, Maihernalics Club, Swimming and Wafer Polo Teams. ' LEO KUGLER Elecfrical Engineering ,Memorial High School Member American lnsiilufe of Elecirical Engineers. ARTHUR J. LANDSVERK :AH y Elecfrical Engineering Memorial High School Secrelary American lnsiiiule of Elecirical Engin- eers '34-. ARTHUR D. LANDIN Civil Engineering Ciiy College Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. JOHN A. KOSTRIZA Eleclrical Engineering Curlis Evening High School JOHN KOSZALKA Archifecfure Brooklyn Technical High School - GEORGE M. KOVACSEVICS S2AfI9 I Elecfrical Engineering Valley Siream High School Traclc Team 2 years, Foo+ball '32, Phoio Ediror I935 Cable, Gold C, Ex Posl Fado. V PAUL C. KRUEGER Civil Engineering Sluyvesanl High School Member American Sociely of Civil Engineers. JOHN A. LE MAIRE UAT Eleclrical Engineering New York Universify Pioneer '32, Class Secreiary '32, General Sfudenis' Council '32, Member American lnsiiiule of Elec- Trical Engineers, Glee Club, Maihemalics Club. CHARLES E. LEYES SZACIS L Chemical Engineering Lincoln High School Presiclenr American Insiiruie oi Chemical Engineers '35, Maihemalics Club, Glee Club. HENRY GEORGE LlEBER Civil Engineering Chaminacle High School Member American Sociely of Civil Engineers, Malhemaiics Club, Orcheslra. WERNER LINDHEIMER AME Mechanical Engineering Easiern Dis+ric+ H. S. Member American Socieiy of Mechanical Engin- eers. DAVID J. LINSKY Civil Engineering Morris High School Member American Socieiy oi Civil Engineers. DAVID LIPSCHITZ Civil Engineering New Ufrechl High School Member American Sociely of Civil Engineers. MAURICE LIPSCHITZ Mechanical Engineering Lincoln High School Baslcelball 3 years. FRANK LO BUE AEK Archileciure Sfuyvesani' High School Class Secreiary '33, Archiieciural Sfuclenis' Coun- cil '33. ADOLPH ALFRED MARRONE Civil Engineering Columbia Universi+y JOSEPH MARTINEZ Mechanical Engineering Haaren High School Member American Sociely ol Mechanical Engineers. DAVID L. MATSON Elecirical Engineering Brooklyn Tech. H. S. Class Secrelary '33, Class Vice-presiclenl '34-. JOSEPH E. MCDCNOUGH AEK Archilecfure Plainfield High School Class Treasurer 2 years L LEO is. LUCKNER Mechanical Engineering Newiown High School Member American Sociely of Mechanical Engin- eers, Class Presidenl '3o. L. R. LU KAN ITSCH Elecfrical Engineering DeWiH Clinion H. S. ' CHARLES MALTER Civil Engineering Siuyvesani' High School JOSEPH MALTZ MAO, AT Chemical Engineering New Ufrechf High School Member American lnsliiure oi Chemical Engineers, Schweinbe-rg Scholarship, Treasurer '34, Pioneer News Ediior '34, Pioneer Edilor-in-Chief '35, ,,, JOHN J. McNERNEY .QACP V Civil Engineering Regis High School Pioneer Slaici 3 years, Class Secreiary '34, Member oi American Sociely of Civil Engineers, Newman Club. V V b JACK I. MEDOFF Chemical Engineering' Easfern Disr. High School Member American lnsiilule oi Chemical Engin- eers, Maihemaiics Club, Orchesira, GERMANO MENDIZZA Civil Engineering Cur'ris High School Member American Sociely of Civil Engineers. CHARLES MIKULKA Mechanical Engineering Siuyvesanl' High School Baskeiball 4 years, General Siuclenis' Council 2 years, Vice-chairman General Siudenls' Council '36, Gold C , Pioneer Sporls Ediior '35, Chairman Blanlcei Eee Commiiiee, Vice-chairman 'A.S.M.E., Presidenl A.A. '35, l l 1 i l HYMAN MILBERT AME Civil Engineering New Yorlc Universiry Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. I EDMUND G. MONAK Archiieclure Texlile High School Class Vice-presideni '36. VINCENT T. MOORE Mechanical Engineering Pori' Washinglon H. S. Member American Sociefy of Mechanical Engin- eers. CHARLES B. MOTEJZIK Chemical Engineering Siuyvesanr High School Secrelary American lnsiiluie of Chemical Engin- eers, Glee Club, Maihernafics Club. ILDEFONSO G. ORELLANA Srllflf Eleclrical Engineering Newlown High School Copy Ediior I935 Cable, Gold C,i' Ex Posl Fado. Newman Club. DlEDRlCH M. OSTERHOLZ Eleclrical Engineering Franklin K. Lane H. S. WILLIAM F. PARTRIDGE Elecfrical Engineering Poughkeepsie High School Member American lnsiirure of Elecirical Engin- eers, Malhemaiics Club. LEON PASSEL Civil Engineering Morris High School Member American Sociely oi Civil Engineers. ALFRED J. MUNN Elecfrical Engineering Washinglon lrving H. S. Class Presiclenl' 3 years, Class Treasurer '34-. ANTHONY JEAN NESTI -'IHESZ Civil Engineering Perlh Amboy High School Track '33, Member American Sociely of Civil Engineers. JOSEPH A. NORMANN Elecirical Engineering Rugby Preparalory School Member American Sociely oi Eleclrical Engineers. JAMES OLIVERI Archifeciure Sfuyvesanl High School Secrelary and Treasurer 2 years. ABRAHAM PATT NIAO Civil Engineering Boys' High School LORENE PAYNE ' Picforial IIIus+raI'ion Mars Hill College JOSEPH PELLEGRINELLI Archifeclure Texlile High School Sophomore Dance Commillee '33, Junior Prom Commillee '34, Class Treasurer '34, Class Vice- presidenl' '35, WILLIAM PELLEGRINI 4125.2 Civil Engineering SI'uyvesanI High School Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. IRVING PERLMAN Elecfrical Engineering Hebrew Tech. InsI'iIuI'e MYRON HERBERT POLLYEA Elecfrical Engineering Brooklyn College Member American Inslilule of Eleclrical Engineers Malhemalics Club, Rifle Club, Chess Club. WILLIAM S. QUICK EIec'I'ricaI Engineering Weslfielcl High School Class Presidenl 3 years, Chairman Junior Prom '34, Blanlcei Fee Commillee, Gold C, Chairman Gold C Commiilee '36, Annual Dance Cornmiilee 2 years. ALFRED A. RATHOFER AEK Archifeclure Sluyvesanf High School Soph. Hop '34, Junior Prom Commillee, Busi- ness Chairman Annual Commillee '36, Chairman Senior Ball '36, Class Presicleni' '36, General Sfudenfs' Council, Arch. Edi+or '36 Cable. JOSEPH RUCHMAN Civil Engineering New York Universily Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. ROBERT P. SCANLON AElec+rical Engineering Regis High School Member American lnsiiiuie of Elecirical Engineers, Newman Club. GEORGE C. SCHAAF Mechanical Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. HYMAN SHARF Mechanical Engineering Ciiy College . THOMAS W.jREYNOLDS Civil Engineering f - Franklin K. Lane H. S. Mernber' American Insiiiure of Elecirical Engineers. ABRAHAM J. RICH Elecirical Engineering Franklin K. Lane' H. S. ' i MARTIN RNETZ Civil Engineering Franklin K. Lane H. S. HARRY E. ROSENBERG Chemical Engineering Linden High School Member American lnsfiiuieiof Chemical Engineers, Malhemaiics Club, ' Louis H. Lancly Scholarship 2 years. , BERNARD SCHENKER Elecirical Engineering Memorial High School Vice-presicleni' '35, A.l.E.E., Presideni Rifle Club '35, Rifle Team 3 years, Vice-presideni A.A. '35, Mafhemaiics Club, Pioneer Slali '35, Associaie Ediior Pioneer '36, Nighi Annual Commiiiee '36. HYMAN J. SCHENKER Archifeclure New l.o'l's Evening High School ABRAHAM SCHNEIDER Chemical Engineering DeWil+ Clinlon H. S. LOUIS JOSEPH SCHRAMM AT Chemical Engineering S+. James High School Pioneer 3 years, Pioneer Business Manager '34, Adveriising Manager '35, Class Presiolenl '35, Vice- presidenl Nighr Siudenis' Council '36, Gold Junior Prom, Senior Hop. EDWARD H. SCHROEDER Archileclure Pearl River High School FRANK J. SCHMIDT Civil Engineering Brooklyn Technical High School Pioneer Nighl News Eclilor '34, Junior Prom Com- rniHee '34, Member American Socieiy oi Civil Engineers. HENRY SCHUMACHER Eleclrical Engineering Brooklyn Tech. High School JOHN A. SCULLY Elec+rical Engineering Siuyvesanl' High School Member American lnsliiuie of Elecirical Engine rs, Malhemarics Club, Chess Club. SOL H. SILVERMAN Mechanical Engineering Ciry College Member American Sociely of Mechanical Engineers. HYLAS W. SMITH Chemical Engineering Flushing High School Member American lnsiiluie oi Chemical Engineers, Maihemaiics Club, Rifle Club, Orchesira. HENRY G. STAATERMAN SZA41 Chemical Engineering lnsiiiufe of Technology Member American Insiiiuie of Chemical Engineers, Malhemalics Club, Glee Club, Jacob H. Schiff Scholarship '36. MILTON B. STElN Archiieciure Long Beach High School Seciion Treasurer 3 years. ALEXANDER L. SEGALMAN Civil Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. Class Presidenl '34, Junior Prom, Senior Hop, Annual Commiiiees, Treasurer Nighl Siudenis' Council '34, Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. HARRY si-IAFIROFF Elecfrical Engineering James Madison H. S. DEAN B. SEIERIED Elecirical Engineering Congers High School Member of American lnsiiiuie oi Elecirical Engineers, Maihemaiics Club, Baskeiball 2 years, Pioneer '33, Rifle Club. LEONARD STEGEL Civil Engineering Lincoln High School Class Secreiary '3l. V ADOLPH B. STERN Civil Engineering Townsend Harris Hall H. S. Malhemalics Clu b. ' ISADORE STILLMAN b Mechanical Engineering Ceniral High School Member American Socieiy of Mechanical Engineers, Malhemalics Club, Pioneer. E. KING STODOLA Elecrrical Engineering Brooklyn Tech. H. S. Sludenl Council 2 years, Pioneer 3 years, Secrerary American lnslifure of Eleclrical Engineers '34, Class Treasurer '36, Malhemaiics Club. CHARLES LOUIS STUMPP Chemical Engineering Theodore Roosevelr H. S. Member American lnsfiiuie of Chemical Engineers, Presiclenl Rifle Club. JOHN KAREL SUNDERMEYER Civil Engineering 'Cenrral High School Member American Socieiy of Civil Engineers. PAUL TARAS Civil Engineering ' Morris High School JOHN T. TEDESCO Mechanical Engineering Sfuyvesani' High School Member American Socieiy of Mechanical Engineers. ALBERT TEITLER Elecfrical Engineering Boys High School Member American lnsrifule of Elecrrical Engineers, Pioneer Technical Edilor '33, Mafhemalics Club. HYMAN C. TURKIN MAO Elecirical Engineering Thomas Jefferson H. S. Presideni Maihemaiics Club, Class Secreiary '35, Pioneer Associaie Edifor '33, Presideni' Chess Club. JACK E. VELLEMAN Elecfrical Engineering Malden High School NATHAN WALD Chemical Engineering Eas+ern Dislrricr H. S. Class Presicleni '35, Class Vice-presideni '36, Pioneer Circulaiion Manager '35 and Nighi' Busi- ness Manager '36, Nighi Sruclenls' Council '35, Junior Prom Commiliee '35, Senior Ball Cornmiiiiee. CLIFFORD A. WARREN Elecfrical Engineering Plainfield High School HARRY THOMASHEVSKY Chemical Engineering Siuyvesani High School FRANK A. TRACEY 41929. Civil Engineering S+. Pe+er's Prep Business Manager I934 Cable, Chairman Junior Prom '35, Annual Commiilee '35, Senior Hop Com- miilee '36, Treasurer Blanlcei' Fee Comrniilee, Class Presidenl' '36, Presideni Nighi and General Srud- enls' Councils '36, A.S.C.E., Gold C , Ex Posi Facio. ' NICHOLAS J. TRIPOLI Archifeciure Mechanics lnsi-iiu+e THORALF E. THORSEN flbff' Eleclrical Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. Class Treasurer '33, Junior Prom Commiiiee '35, Senior Hop Commiiree '36, Sporis Ediior l935 Cable. MILTON T. WAY Elecfrical Engineering Brooklyn Technical H. S. Class Secrelary '32, Edilor-in-Chief i935 Cable, Class Presideni '36, Gold C , Ex Pos? Facio, Nighr Engineering Council. JOHN ALEXANDER WEBER ' MAO , Elecfrical Engineering Sifuyvesani' High School Siudenrs' Council '33, Secre+ary.Riile Club 2 years, Presidenl' American lnsfiiuie of Elecirical Engineers '36, Class Vice-presideni '36, RUDOLF V. WEGELE Elecrrical Engineering Ml. Carmel College JOHN F. WESTMAN QIYESZ Civil Engineering Haaren High School Member American Sociely of Civil Engineers, Busi- ness Chairman Junior Prom, Class Vice-presiclenr '36, Chairman Annual Commiiiee '36, Business Chairman Senior Ball. EDWARD G. WHITE Elecfrical Engineering Bushwick High School ROBERT WHITE Chemical Engineering ' Pon' Washingfon H. S, Member American Socieiy of Chemical Engineers, Chess Club, Maihemalics Club, Orcheslra. EVERETT WEISENDANGER Elec'l'rical Engineering Gorfon High School Member American Sociely of Elecirical Engineers. PAUL T. WIIRI Archifecrure George Washingfon Evening High Secrion Presidenf 2 years. MAX YESOWlTZ Mechanical Engineering ' Drake Universily Class Viceepresicleni '32, Class Presidenl '34, Circu- laiion Manager l935 Calole, Nighl Engineering Council '35, Secrelary American Sociely of Me- chanical Engineers, Gold C, Ex Posl Faclo, Chair- man Enlerlainmenl Commillee Senior Ball. GEORGE J. YOKOTA Civil Engineering Siuyvesanf High School Malhemarics Club, Rifle Team 3 years, Manager Rifle Team '36. WALTER E. ZENONl Elecfrical Engineering Hebrew Tech. lnsiilule Member American lnslilure of Eleclrical Engineers. ALBERT A. ZUCKERMAN i Archireclure Cily College Class Vice-presidenl '34, Class Presidenl '35. ' EDWARD WILDERMUTH Archireclure James Monroe High School EDMUND B. WILSON Civil Engineering Pori' Jervis High School Class Presideni' '32, MORRIS WOLK Chemical Engineering Bayonne High School ALFRED J. YACOMELU AEK Archifeclure Dickinson Evening High School Seciion Vice-presideni '33. ARCHITECTURE TYLES and Trends in archiTecTure have been hisTorically excellenT guides as To The developmenT and expansion oT social eras. lvlod- ern civilizaTion wiTh iTs rapid developmenTs has TesTed The archi- TecT's power in adiusTing his plans and designs TreguenTly, in The course oT a shorT Time. ln The UniTed STaTes developmenT oT indusTry caused growTh oT ciTies wiTh large populaTions in conTined areas. The need Tor space necessiTaTed building upwards-hence The rise oT The skyscraper. Ease oT covering disTances, indusTrializaTion oT new geographical areas, The exTensive use oT The aeroplane are eliminaTing The need and desirabiliTy Tor concenTraTed populaTions. ln The compleTion oT The in- eviTable cycle, The skyscraper has liTerally and TiguraTively reached The highpoinT oT iTs career, and will beTore long be ouTmoded. The approach- ing Trend Toward decenTralizaTion raTher Than concenTraTion oT ciTies is having a marked eTTecT on archiTecTural developmenTs. The archiTecT oT The TwenTieTh cenTury is boTh designer and engin- eer. l-lis work comprises noT only arTisTic designing buT consideraTions as To sTrucTure, sTabiliTy, space, lighTing, venTilaTion. RecenT noTeworThy TeaTures in archiTecTural planning are The use oT sTeel sTrucTuresg The beTTermenT oT sound-prooT TaciliTies, The consTrucTion oT windowless build- ings and glass walls, The planning oT model homes: pre-TabricaTed housgst uniTied building groups like Knickerbocker Village: and oT course, The newesT skyscrapers and Their inTernal and exTernal developmenTs. AlThough The skyscraper may be abouT To begin iTs decline, The Empire STaTe Building, oT New York CiTy will sTand as a world monumenT To The archiTecTural craTTsmen who conceived and execuTed This colossal exempliTicaTion oT scienTiTic progress. IT is The TallesT building in The world Today, Two hundred and sixTy TeeT Taller Than The Tamous EiTTel Tower. Including iTs base, Tive sTories high, There rise l03 sTories, I250 TeeT, nearly a guarTer oT a mile oT verTical disTance. The archiTecTs Taced a sTupendous Task in The building oT The Em- pire STaTe. They had deTiniTe limiTaTions-The size, 36,000,000 cubic TeeT7 The sum available Tor consTrucTionq The size oT The siTeq The elemenTs oT Time 420 monThslg and The limiTaTions oT The ciTy zoning law-These were unchangeable resTricTions. This lasT TacTor, The legal resTricTions, helped To give shape To The greaT building. AlThough The siTe Tor The building covers Two acres, 83,860 square TeeT, because oT The zoning laws, The archiTecTs could plan To build To a considerable heighT in only a guarTer oT This area, Cn The l:iTTh Avenue TronTage, The law allows buildings To rise sheer Trom The sidewalk, only I25 TeeTg aT ThaT heighT The law requires a seT-back. lnslead ol allowing lhe problem lo hamper lheir work, lhe archilecls look advanlage ol lhis lealure as an elemenl ol design, lo produce a maieslic building lruly scraping lhe sky. Like all lall buildings, lhe Empire Slale is sel upon lhe earlh ilsell, lhe lirmesl loundalion which can be supplied by man or nalure. ll was lorlunale lhal on lhe sile selecled, bed-rock, lvlanhallan's underlying slralum ol granile, was near lhe surlace. Empire Slale reaches down only lwo lloors, lhirly-lhree leel below lhe sidewalk. ll reaches down inlo lhe earlh and up inlo lhe clouds. Residenls and visilors looking up al lhe magnilicenl slruclure marvel lhal lhe sun seems always lo be shining direclly upon il. This seeming phenomenon is an illusion crealed by lhe use on lhe ouler walls, ol chrome- nickel sleel, a new alloy which never larnishes or grows dull. Belween lhe lop ol each window and lhe sill ol lhe window above, lhere is placed a llal plale ol dull silver aluminum, sand-blasled lo oblain a smoolh surlace. These silver aluminum plales, blending wilh lhe glass ol lhe windows, belween lhe columns ol chrome-nickel sleel, give lhe building lhe ap- pearance ol a luslrous, shining spire. Slalislics concerning lhe building are overwhelming. The dimensions ol lhe plol are I975 leel on Eillh Avenue, 424.95 on 34lh and 33rd Slreels. There are sixly-lhree elevalors, and lour lreighl elevalors, All are Clis signal conlrol, sell leveling. Express cars reach lhe 8Olh lloor in less lhan one minule. Elevalors rise al a speed ol 1,200 leel per minule. Empire Slale is lhe lullillmenl ol lhe archilecl's dream. Egual in inleresl as an archileclural proiecl is lhe developmenl which exlends lrom 48lh Slreel lo 5lsl Slreel belween Eillh and Sixlh Avenues-lhe largesl building proiecl ever underlaken al one lime by privale capilal-Rockeleller Cenler. The presenl plan includes eleven buildings. Nearly lwo acres ol land in Rockeleller Cenler have been used lo provide open space belween buildings and adeguale lacililies lor vehicular and pedeslrian lrallic in lhe vicinily ol lhe developmenl. This area, named Rockeleller Plaza, includes a new privale slreel culling lhrough lhe proiecl lrom 418lh lo 5lsl Slreels, a large sunken plaza in lhe middle ol lhe block, and a walkway called lhe Channel, sixly leel wide, which leads inlo lhe sunken plaza lrom Eillh Avenue and allords a convenienl galeway lo all lhe buildings in Rockeleller Cenler. The RCA Building is lhe dominanl slruclure ol lhe Rockeleller Cenler group. lls main lower rises wilh sweeping lines lo a heighl ol 850 leel. ln lhe lower, as is cuslomary in modern skyscraper design, lhe elevalors and service lacililies lorm lhe core ol lhe building, which is surrounded on all sides by well-lighled lloor space. . 1, 564' 'Q f- ,K .m .:f?f,-1:-Q, V , I 'L 5 t lk ...,, , , , , 'V g-. my f awk, V. 1 I yi '- ' mx , -vw -,WE -If 1 V1-Q Q -V K, If ,N -lm? ' V gp' X, NN, . pJ,,.vf- I SX ,xx 4 F Md I4 fin FW, 1:f?g5 'XS X 2 k-w...,4 : :J N f i.. Q 1 - , J... 1 ' 'W - A , ff - -, E E- 5' 4 ., xl .,-, ,.....,.L4U. ,.4 '1 K I From The comparaTively low buildings on The l:iTTh Avenue TronT To The soaring 70-sTory oTTice and sTudio building in The cenTer baclcground, all The sTrucTures in Roclqewfeller CenTer were designed To achieve uTiliTy, balance, beauTy and inTerrelaTed service. The archiTecT has noT resTricTed his Thoughl' and slcill To super-sTruc- Turesq The modern home has received iTs share oT aTTenTion. ExcerpTs Trom an arTicle in a recenT issue oT a daily newspaper show The inTeresT in developing houses wiTh modern maTerials in modern design. Pre-TabricaTed sTeel houses soon may begin coming oTT The auTo- mobile indusTry's line along wiTh The beer barrels and baThTubs wirh which some moTor body concerns now are diversiTying Their business. Vl!iTh The engineering and meTallurgical knowledge gained in The producTion oT machines Tor TransporTaTion, some uniTs oT The indusTry are seelcing To develop whaT l.. E. Corbusier, a leading exponenT oT 'TuncTion- al' living, has described as 'machines Tor living.' ReTrigeraTor manuTacTurers also are deeply inTeresTed, since air- condiTioning eguipmenT will be an inTegral parT oT The new houses, and several oT Them are undersTood To be worlcing on plans To enTer The housing Tield. The new houses, including plumbing and TixTures, lighTing, heaTing, reTrigeraTing and air-condiTioning eguipmenT, will be sold as a uniT To be assembled guicldy on The purchaser's loT. Various modern appliances are To be builT inTo The houses aT The TacTory. lnsulaTed sTeel panels, produced in a varieTy oT sTandard sizes on gianT presses oT The lcind used To sTamp ouT auTomobile bodies, will Torm a maior parT oT The 'TuncTional' houses. -l'esTs are reporTed To have shown ThaT panels made oT Two meTal sheeTs wiTh insulaTing maTerial compressed beTween Them are as eTTicienT as a sTone wall six TeeT Thiclc in excluding heaT or cold. The panels may be uTilized in any one oT a number oT house designs on which archiTecTs are aT worlc, and The houses subseguenTly could be enlarged readily by The addiTion oT one or more sTandard room uniTs. ln all oT his worlq, The archiTecT oT This cenTury has shown a com- mendable adapTabiliTy, a wonderTul spiriT oT progress. l-le combines The abiliTy oT The designer and The craTTsman, The arTisT and The scienTisT. l-le builds Tor uTiliTy and Tor beauTy. l-lis worlq is exTending beyond The creaTi.on oT an individual public building or a single home. There is beTore him The problem oT planning enTire ciTies, ciTies ThaT will have The Tempo oT Today's auTomobile, aeroplane, radio, Towns ThaT will incorpor- aTe all pragmaTic necessiTies and ThaT will, aT The same Time, be places oT peaceTul beauTyl CLASSES NIGHT SCHOOL OF ART ARCHTTECTURE-CLASS OF I937 Irving Friedman PresidenT Theodore Rai-idmeTz Hyman Black Alfred Racz And anoTher ArchiTecT biT The dusI'l There ar only ThirTy-Tive leTT now. Woe is me! VVoe is mel EighTy-Tive cheerTul, undaunTed Treshmen enTered These anTigue brown walls in I933. BeTore long, however, any inTeresTed observer could have noTiced The rapidly evaporaTing good humor. BuT indeed-There was iusT cause Tor This behavior. Things were a liTTle Tougher Than any had bargained Tor. So much Tougher ThaT now, as we who conTinue in The Junior year look around us and see a Tew smaTTerings oT broTher sTudenTs Trying oh, so hard---we cannoT help buT wonder: W'ho nexT? As we lisTen To Mr. EnTwisTle droning away wiTh concreTe TacTs, esTimaTing quanTiTies, and sleeper Tloor-Tills, we noTice one or Two oT The less TorTunaTe sTudenTs drooping Their heads wiTh exhausTion. lT seems ThaT working during The day, going To school aT nig'hT, and sTudying over The week- end is a biT more Than one's physical consTiTuTion can Take. Turn back The pages oT hisTory To The Treshman year. lnnocenT babes in a wood oT maThemaTical genius and draTT- ing experTness! DespiTe The conTusion and uncerTainTy oT beginning our archiTecTural careers, we managed somehow To hold a successTul Dinner-Dance. This TacT was undoubTed- ly broughT abouT by The greaT Team-work oT oTTicers and sTudenTs. Our arisTocraTic PresidenT, lvir. lvlunzer, made a never-To-be-TorgoTTen enTrance aT The aTTair by arriving guiTe laTeAbuT naTTily aTTired in silk Topper, Tails, sTuds and cane, preceded by his exquisiTely gowned wiTe. This aTTair Took place aT Young's. A small corner was suTTicienT To Take care oT The seven lTell me noT in mournTul numbersl couples. Sophomorically speaking, nominaTions were again Taken. CandidaTes gave speeches proTuse wiTh campaign plaTTorms. BalloTs were Taken noT once buT Three Times Tor The Vice- presidency. Who is The Vice-presidenT: does he do any work? Noi JusT a Tigurehead Tor The CABLE. To Think ThaT such a person could Throw The proverbial monkey- wrench inTo a well-organized, well-planned machine. OuT oT This conTusion, however, came The Tinal resulTs. Mr. Bob- kowski, The PresidenT, a capable, hard-working leader: Mr. Reihl, The Vice-presidenT, an able assisTanT To The PresidenTg viCe.preSide,,+ Mr. Hopper, invaluable SecreTaryg and Mr. Friedman, The Secmary deTecTive Treasurer, who could spy a nickel lying in The pockeT oT a classmaTe Ten TeeT away, and Through a liTTle Treasurer sales Talk, obTain The coin as parT oT The class dues. lvlr. Bobkowski, working rapidly, obTained permission Tor The use oT Room 23 Tor monThly class meeTings, which proved To be oT greaT value. AT This Time a Tinancial graph was inauguraTed showing The progress OT The class in CABLE, Pioneer, and class dues, and also keeping an accuraTe accounT oT all sTudenTs in Their payme-nTs oT dues. We sophomores were never backward in supporT oT The CABLE and Pioneer. Our class wriTe-ups appeared weekly in The Pioneer and our maTerial was so inexhausTive ThaT TranTic Engineers were Trying all meThods To sTop The over-abundance oT prinT Trom The Soph Archs. An amusing acTiviTy oT The second year archiTecTs was The dancing classes which were held in Room 22, l:oundaTion Building, Trom 6 To 7 p.m. every evening. NoT only amusing buT pracTical, Tor many sTudenTs could noT aTTend social acTiviTies be- cause oT Their inabiliTy To dance. This TaulT cured, we were assured oT a successTul Soph l-lop which was held in The Torm oT a Dinner-Dance. This aTTair, held aT The l-loTel BriTTany, was one oT The mosT successTul ever To have Taken place in The annals OT Cooper Union's Soph classes. Neil Neilson and his orchesTra conTribuTed TurTher To The enioymenT oT all aTTending. ScoTTy, superinTendenT oT The FoundaTion Build- ing, sTaTed ThaT he never 'had so much Tun in The Ten years oT his associaTion wiTh Cooper Union and iTs aTTairs. All This was due To The hard work oT Mr. Bobkowski and The CommiTTee, Thus bringing a grand Tinale To The aTTairs oT The Sophomore class. Now is The Time Tor all good men To come To The aid oT Their parTy. And so iT was. The Juniors, Tired oT having Their pockeTs picked by The ever-ouTsTreTched hand oT Their Treasurer, lrving Friedman, TacTTully elecTed him PresidenT. ThaT Taken care oT, They became more TacTTul and elecTed new men Tor The nexT Three oTTices: lrving Rubin, Vice-presidenTg Theodore Racz, Treasurer, and l-larold Black, SecreTary. The money Racz sTarTed collecTing wenT To his head so he begoT himselT a bride. Rubin, who -had Two and a halT weeks To wriTe all This, welched on us and so iT was Three oTher guys who did iT. l-larold lDeah mell Black, our ersTwhile esTeemed SecreTary, laughs aT all our worsT gags, so who cares iT his name is l-larold. Now leT's go down The line and see who are The hopelessly enTangled, unTorTu- naTe men deigned To remain The colleagues oT Those higher-ups lso eTTervescenTly spoken OT aloovel Tor sTill anoTher year. AI Bob Bobkowski, a sTeadTasT man and True, has been one OT The ouTsTanding examples oT The Type oT men who go To This school. Our PresidenT lasT year, he has had a broTher make enTry under his own colors buT Tollowing in his TooTsTeps. Ed Briglia, added baggage oT secTion F, answers To his name when aTTendance is called. Lloyd BuTch Eleischman, The good old Jersey boy, is an LSK man. Vic Gorlack admiTs ThaT Two poinTs separaTe a sTraigh+ line which is sTreTched across To make iT The shorTesT disTance. Emil DuTc'h Goerner likes his beer, and howl l'le and Dick i-lopper, The Richard guy land does he like ThaT namel bend The elbows oTTen. Morris Murray Lane Levine knows more abouT his school song and dancing classes Than he does abouT archiTecTure, buT he'll do in a pinch provided he isn'T pinched Too hard. lrv PapiroTT, AAA-I raTing Tor his posTer work in and around Cooper's halls. Ted Accordion Randmeh, according To him he'd iraTher painT. Saul Rollner, a gagman, was all buT gagged aTTer one oT his slighTly Tunny puns. Jack SchwarTz, who sTill has his Tinger, has Two parTs sTill Trying To grow TogeTher. Don Sellnow, a giggling haw! haw! man, laughs aT his own cracks among oThers. Norm Slonim in- sisTs we are wasTing our Time in school since we are geTTing no degrees Tor our work here, buT conTinues neverTheless. Jack STein, The man who coul-cln'T see iT our way, has awakened aT lasT. Ralph TeiTleswaig, swell wiTh pen and ink, is a capable worker. l-ly WechTer is a do or die Tellow. Well, iT he doesn'T do iT, he will die. Ted WiTTenberg, a consTanT Camel chiseler, recenTly reTused a ChesTerTield, so beggars can be choosers. Tom Zabski, iusT a T.D.l-l. John Zinner, one oT The besT, maybe beTTer. S. VincenT Schulman, knows ThaT he knows buT only he knows iT. V. PresTie PresTigiacomo-Ch, whaT a name. For a year he couldn'T recognize iT aTTer winning Twice in The Pioneer's l:ooTball ConTesT. i-le Tinally claimed his reward. Bill BasoTT -one oT The Three muskeTeers-had as his Tellow-Tlies, GenTile and De Leo lanoTher one who dropped ouTl. Charles Frederickson, supposed To do This and supposed To collecT The BlankeT Fee. Well, anyway, he's supposed To. l-larry Kochie Kochman- so coy he's skeered oT his own voice. Joseph Markowski, a nice chap, buT iusT anoTher name. Lou lvlaschi, a swell liTTle Tellow, buT awTully liTTle iiusT like Blackie l. Bob lviiller-specTacular-he wears specTacles. Joe lvlishure, a sure TirsT menTion in any exhibiTion oT ArchiTecTural VVorks. Bill Murray, one oT The Three who ran Tor Vice-presidenT Three years ago 'and did noT geT in, is one oT class HE. Emil Riehl, The odorous one-burp, burp, rny Tair Triend, buT noT in This direcTion. Len TrenTin, The lasT on The lisT, buT glad he's noT missed: Tor 'he knows noT The gisT oT This TighTly clenched TisT. lT seemed, as we were wriTing These guips and cracks, ThaT we were slighTing Those who were in our classes The years beTore, buT aTTer considering The TacTs oT The case we Think ThaT They have slighTed us. Now, as we Tinish, our class has dropped Ten noTches To The colossal ToTal aT- Tendance oT TwenTy-Tive. We've a preTTy good percenTage aT ThaT, TwenTy-Tive ouT oT eighTy-Tive. We're almosT baTTing 300. Save The pieces! BuT, Tor all ThaT, as The lighT oT anoTher year grows sTeadily dimmer, The Junior Arch. class works diligenTly. The work in This Junior Year has been more diTTiculT Than in previous years. l'lereToTore The Junior Year consisTed oT Two secTions, one design and one consTrucTion. This year, however, The sTudenTs were given no choice. All had To Take boTh, besides EsTimaTing and SpeciTicaTion WriTing. The course Thus Tar has proven raTher diTTiculT, buT The Junior Class, wiTh a Tew excepTions, seems To be weaThering The sTorm raTher well and, as usual, will make porT saTely. One Thing we rue. We have esTablished anoTher record Tor The books-This Time, To our disTavor. We had no Junior Prom. For years This gala occasion has been The mosT Talked oT aTTair. Now, and Tor The nexT year, iT will be a maTTer hushed, as Though doubTed. The boys who enTered Three years ago, and sTill remain among our ranks, have changed Tremendously. 'Tis said, Boys will be boys, buT here is The excepTion ThaT proves The rule--Those boys'x are now TVTETX-i. WiTh one year To go, who can say we have noT Tried. l lere is The survival oT The TiTTesT. The class is noT a biT daunTed by The barren spaces in Their rooms. 1 As a whole, all They seem To be is The depression's giTT To The Cooper Union, and, as They are parT oT The depression, all They Torm is a denT, buT since a denT is a hole, and a hole is noThing, whaT have we been Talking abouT? ' HJWQQO , iff' y' Inf MWF, f W ,, W f gxfn 1 V W 11 , ,U , Mn f, ' s5g,?f, C1 Vzffff , 1 .. . 1. 1 ,z 1,4 lf 1 4 L5 'iIT?,-f' ...V 323. 52,44 ' 'ff f l'? T1Q5f a.-1 F WZ ff M , . ' 7 -- '-' ..., ,. 6, Q 41? , 333.5152 .. F ff f ,'53,:2,Z3a:. 1 1 f V... - f I f , 14:-n-1.2-f. '.-r gw. W Y ff . , .Q ' .:..4...y4 - Lizf f 2 f H. Black A. Bolokowski Z. if? Bourbon ,iam -' iff g,i4.,.:, - fy' ' -. 9' .Gif V .f .,:- . f fl. ' I 7 -:i f:f.j::,- 'V : V, qgglvp.. 12, ' ' .. eg,- 4542 . 41154 . 1 v7Ff'.f5?7 : 'fi 1.-5:s'1a22ffFEif ff lair ::.-:-.aw-1-.- 1- . 14,1 iz:-wp. A .. . , -Fw-j5,:2:.1i: :mi-1:.:1:f .1-,' Q1 if 1 4 V ' 4 4159 an A I a 1 4 if? 2 4 1 ...W ..., lf., 'f 5 3 fa I K 1 , 1 Q 9 'f x QV 4 Mg , 351 , H 61. 'ff ig , f irc. If .1 ..... z..',...f4. I K 06 1 I f 4 H M if . , E. Brigiia L. Fliesclwman I. Friedman E. Goernor V. Gorlech R. Hopper M. Levine l. Papirorf V. Pres'Hgiacoma A. Racz E. Riehl S. Rollner J. Schwarfz S. Schulman D. Sellnow N. Slonim J. Sfeinman R. Terrlresnraiq L. Trenfin I-I. Wechfer T. Wiffenberg T. Zabski . 1 s 'Q Wsjgi ,JZ , . - we , rg i , , ,Q A , 59 - A91 ' f-f frrffzff - ' .X ri fx' 130: 'T 11 y. .v3., , f , 1-v.: Agn. 1, J. 4:52 ' fi . ia 'its '53 'inf' ' f ,1p21.5.-..-.1-.W , 4. W I ,Z 1, .M :M X, if . SQX-:?.,.:'fiX ' ' -,sag-'A s .A-We-,1....1 10. .,...-1-11-11. V.,-new:-4.g.ff-113 1: ,-.ms1a, ., ...11.-11-1.111.111 . k ... '1-.Sami M145 , a- ij.. - -an 1 W -.Wm vw ,w.'f44- 5 .ggi .Q W, ..A,, I, :ls 'ilisb 1 A 6' ., ,af 6 , , ff Q65 'W 9 wo, PZ ws ,J S4 X 'ka 1 Y rw Q 1 wasp 'rsflrg' 2264 T' f T s :Mi lszsgrlff W M531 ,Q , Wi 1 1 figs? , . , '.N'1,:'1 ,fr-F'1 fb 73V25Q22:,'fg,4Qv 1 .rmsww 1 Sz ' ' A 1 s M- wi 1 S 'Q 5 Q, 1,--.l 1 ,S1 51 1 bis 2 is 1,4 w sqgsk -Q ees' wi M 1 Nd 9. 09 T as 4 QM N35 f 4 0 Vs 44 +-5 ss, s ,.-, , gy fr Y 4, 4-,nf I I 'J 4 eq' Q61 04 'T T fr Jfr-we Nfff 4: W' , Y 'fy ,Y 55,6 i X WP 5 45151 fa , ff T! ff iszksl KU' ff-2 35, WY' 1 ar A 226 ..:.,.:1-:H-:1..1--.-4 ,'-sz 111 -1 '- 1 1 1 1 11211 f: ' ' , --. -1521,-.. mf .-fs ',- ' -, TQ - l 335. 2 1 ep 1 : 1 211 . ', -1 'if , .,.,.,., ,.1. A ,.: .:.,1,. 1 1 ,,..-4 .1:-- . f.,,,. FEW 1 59. we 11-1fi1111g g11,v 1,.:...,,.:.s,.4,,.As1. A4,f.,,-, ...T ..,, .. 1 1g21Tf11:J 31i.4il:l ' -' 111.125211IM1'.1l511lg1l s- ' - j' Q .. .w 1 11111'5L11111315111351'. 15.7 . ff:--':1P?' yff wr ' .E1 s11 .1:1'.111'.1aaa2E '- ' ' ,. Qgfff f1'i'1'1 521 1 ' . - -' ' 11:gi115l 1111 1 . 1145119525:-131:11-1:11 .3 .y1f.11.., 0,5,,.f, 1 ' 11:1 Em.:-f-1.2::1 1- 1 1 1 11 1191 1515 ff a ffair ' .- 11' 1 E11 1 1 1 135' i11'T2E1! 1 ' . 12 . .1.-:i6f.'1-is 2' if-T? 1?:?5L1sR ., 151111 3111114 iI'3,11l'WJ , :g:Q ' 6'Z.1'f.':' ..1.7-16144 .2 ,gf 5: 21 1:12 1.f54.e,,gp, z H 111 L i iif i ' T ff gg 251 T-1. 1. ' rf T16 gg-af f 15211 1 151- ' 31? 11 1 s f 215151 M 2 5 11 'l iiillifl 2 li 1 1. J 141111151 gg 25 .1 31 53 1 1: -1'1g11, 1'1:1111111 gi i51E1 1 .1 -, - ' 1.2 13 111 11 1 11 :IW FTE: -2 4 '111i1'l1Ii- 1' C:1v 1Z: .1 ni l are - 7 I 2 1.1112 fm, ,f T l 'J sf as fa 1 sfgw ff, K 211, s I QE 'f Frank Adams PresidenT George Green Vice-presidenT lrving Margolis Gerald Varnum SecreTa ry Treasu rer INSTITUTE or TECHNOLOGY CLASS OF I937 RegisTraTion day is here again, bringing wiTh iT reunions by The score. Tales oT The summer's advenTures are on everyone's lips-one had worked during his vacaTiong an- oTher had a real vacaTion camping on The Trail g a Third enioye1d his 'summer sTudying Tor his re-exams-5 while sTill anoTher deTailed his voyage on a Tramp sTea.mer. l-lowever, all This was puT behind us when The Dean's Welcome Back To Cooper Union aT TirsT assembly oTTicially ended vacaTion Time and we enThusiasTically enTered inTo The work oT The new Term. For mosT oT us The work oT The Junior year gave us our TirsT real conTacT wiTh The engineering Tield. The Two previous years had been Taken up wiTh much ThaT was merely preparaTion Tor The presenT acTual proTessional Training. SubiecTs such as Advanced Surveying and Geodesy Tor The Civilsg DirecT CurrenT Machines and AlTernaTing CurrenT l Tor The ElecTricals3 Mechanical Processes and Machine De- sign Tor The Mechanical Engineers: Organic ChemisTry and Fluid Dynamics Tor The Chemical sTudenTs gave us Tangible prooT oT deTiniTe conTacT wiTh acTual subiecTs relaTing To our prospecTive Technical Tields. Our class, which up To now had sTudied more or less as a single uniT, was spliT up inTo The Tour really deTiniTe en- gineering deparTmenTs. This change in curriculum was ac- companied by a change in ThoughT. Where once The glory and romance oT our inTended proTessions had capTured our youThTul imaginaTion, now cold, hard-headed TacTs and sound pracTical inTormaTion gave concreTe subsTance To These early dreams. Tenable prooT oT our advancemenT To The specialized branches oT Engineering were The pins we wore wiTh such greaT pride as members OT The sTudenT branches oT The pro- Tessional socieTies. These sTudenT organizaTions presenTed inTeresTing lecTures and lecTure-Tours. The A.l.E.E. provided boTh sTudenT and TaculTy speakers and several guided Tours Through power planTs and generaTing sTaTions in The meTro- poliTan area. The A.l.Ch.E. held iTs TradiTional Treshman recepTion aT ChrisTmas Time. The A.S.M.E. TeaTured many prominenT speakers in The engineering Tield and The A.S.C.E. presenTed an inTeresTing program oT lecTures and Tield Trips To places oT civil engineering inTeresT. T AnoTher noTable inTluence on our ThoughTs was made This year by The innovaTion OT The ProTessional AspecTs l-lour. This period was spenT eiTher in meeTings oT The sTudenT branches oT The engineering socieTies, viewing moTion picTures oT engineer- ing proiecTs in process OT consTrucTion, or lisTening To prominenT speakers. T-he moTion picTures presenTed To us a vivid, graphical view oT acTual engineering processes as pracTiced now: whereas, previously, we had To be saTisTied perTorce wiTh mere dis- cussions oT These procedures in our class periods. The speakers, men ToremosT in Their respecTive engineering Tields, seT TorTh a cliTTerenT viewpoinT Trom ours. We were accusTomed To look Trom The inside and They gave us The beneTiT oT Their pracTical experience on The ouTside. T Even Though The class had been broken up inTo Tour disTincT secTions, iT sTill acTed as a uniT in supporTing The various exTra-curricular acTiviTies. NOT oni-y The BlankeT Fee, buT also The CABLE, The Pioneer, The AThleTic AssociaTion, and The sTudenT engineering socieTies have received Their Tull share oT supporT Trom The class oT I937. Many oT The members oT The class are Taking prominenT parTs in all The aTTairs rnenTioneol above. One oT The main Torces sTill holding The class TogeTher is The inTra-mural sporTs conducTed by The AThleTic AssociaTion aT The ChrisTadora l-louse. These sporTs were a primary means oT welding us inTo a compacT body, bound wiTh a sTrong Teeling oT comradeship. To Those men who aTTended and parT?cipaTed, The scheduled evenTs were a Tine source oT diversion and enTerTainmenT. Furious baTTles during The waTer polo conTesTs, and keen, good-naTured rivalry beTween The class baskeTball Teams, kepT our inTeresT aroused To The Tever heaT. 4 A Our class possesses one unique gualiTy which has never beTore exisTed in The annals' OT Cooper Union. WiTh The six-year course replacing The Tive-year course, There is-no class oT I937 me The NighT School. The graduaTing class oT T937 will Thus Top Row-De Pierre, UmbdensTock, Kirby, Varnum, Scheibel, Shalifa. Middle Row-Chen, Berman, De RiTTer, Anderson, Demasi, Wiswall. BolTom Row-Deed, Schallis, Baum, Hashmall, Gould, LasT. be cuT in halT. Because oT reduced numbers social TuncTions such as The Junior Prom and The Senior Ball become impracTicable which is indeed lamenTable. Meanwhile, The lopping oTT oT sTudenTs Trom The Tree oT T937 goes on and on. Some, due To adverse circumsTances, are in The NighT School: oThers have become irregular, while a goodly porTion have iusT given up. The high morTaliTy raTe is no doubT due To The consTanT arduous work. Two, and only Two, oT The six Mechanical sTudenTs began as members oT our class. The oTher secTions have Tared beTTer due To Their greaTer numbers. Each secTion had iTs own Troubles. The M.E.'s puzzled over heaT power calculaTions and machine designs buT enioyed aT The same Time Their power planT inspecTion. The C.E.'s Torever complained abouT Their Tough Hydraulics course, sTresses in Trame sTrucTures, eTc. The Ch.E.'s were sTuTTed wiTh organic and physical chemisTry, Their chieT bugaboo being Their ElecTrical Engineering subiecTs. The E.E.'s were always bemoaning The TacT ThaT They Took every course beTore The oTher secTions and They 'had no chance To crib, In addiTion, They would walk around lyou could always spoT an EE.-he was TranTic abouT geTTing in some reporT on Timel in a daze, sTaggering under Tremendous loads oT laboraTory drawings and reporTs. We realize ThaT alThough we have had much work ThroughouT The pasT years, we have gained in knowledge and experience an amounT Tar exceeding our limiTed eTTorTs. We pause a momenT To reTlecT and our courage is renewed by The revelaTion. BuT all These worries and Troubles Tade when we Think oT whaT lies beyond grad- uaTion. Our senior year is almosT here, and will be so quickly Tinished. Looking back, The Time has passed all Too swiTTly since we enTered-young hopeTul Treshmenf Our vague yearnings have crysTallized inTo pracTical ambiTion, aided by Trained knowledge, which TogeTher have opened a new world To us. For This-Tor The good years spenT in The Cooper Union, we Thank our loeneTacTor-PeTer Cooper. Top Row-Pierce, Haas, lpsen, Merlin, Margolis, Danko, AST. Middle Row-Okun, Kelemen, ConsTanTinos, Washileski, Green, Adams, Schumann, A. GoldsTein, Anders. BoTTom Row- WhiTe, Rosovsky, Rosen, LeTeber, I. GoldsTein, Daubaras, SchaeTer. DAY ART sci-iooL CLASS OF I937 OcTober I, T933 saw The TirsT onslaughT by The class oT I937 upon The Day' ArT School, which hiTherTo was a school only Tor respecTable lcan'T you see Them?l young Temales. By OcTober eighTh, The 'enTire class, aTTer blushing momenTarily in iTs TirsT liTe period, and Tlinging handTuls oT clay aT each oTher, had been inducTed inTo The mysTeries OT CreaTive Design. ' ' ' ' The Tempering process la Taking oT a red-'hoT meTal and plunging iT inTo cold waTer-someThing To do wiTh molecular rearrangemenT To make The meTal Tougher--ask an engineerl was begun a biT laTer when we were removed Trom our spheres oT comTorTable a'cTiviTy and plunged' la la Temperinigl inTo Union Square, where we had The opporTuniTy oT ob- serving NaTure in The raw.'l V i AbouT This Time iT was suggesTed by The STudenT Coun- cil, who should have known beTTer lEd. NoTe-Yes, They should havel, ThaT we.. The Treshmen and Treshwomen, or- ganize and elecT class oTTicers., Wishing To savor every mo- menT oT The meeTings, we spenT our Time in sTump-speaking, debaTiyng, and mud-slinging, The harvesT oT which we have reaped in succeeding years. Year Two oT our occupaTion Tound us wiTh a cozy niche in The Pioneer where Two oT our classmaTes played Tsars To picTuredom, raising The unknown To inconceivable heighTs and dashing The Tamous To The depThs Trom whence They sprang. lEd. NoTe-They musT have been carToonisTs.l Bassos, Tenors, sopranos, and unclassiTieds were as- sembled by one oT our classmaTes in a moTley Throng Trom which emerged a Tair To middlingu Glee Club whose sTouT voices gleeTully ripped Their way Through a hymn and Tore a spiriTual To pieces. Give us an inch and we Take a mile! Expanding Trom a couple oT carToons per issue, we now have in The Pioneer a whole page devoTed To The ArT School. CerTain members oT our asTuTe body decided The world oT The TheaTer was deTiniTely losT wi+houT Them To grace The boards, so a DramaTic Club was Tormed This year. The oTTices oi Chairman and Treasurer and The casTs oT The plays were peopled wiTh a greaT maioriTy oT members oT The class oT l937. l-loping To prove as dexTrous wiTh The Toils as wiTh The brush lO'h, shades of D'ArTagnanl, we have Tormed a Fencing Roberl' Gundlach PresidenT Allison SCOTT Vice-presidenT Louis DonaTo SecreTary Charles Ranclazzrw Treasurer Club wiTh our class represenTed on The governing board and Erica l-lanka Gorecki as our insTrucTress lwhaT TooTworkll. Besides Tripping gaily The lighT TanTasTic aT The oTT-recurrenT TekarT Dances, we also sTaged a Masquerade ParTy which we believe will be Torever remembered buT never duplicaTed unTil we again roll up our shirT sleeves and geT To work on anoTher. Said masque being such a huge success and conseguenTly deserving commenT we herewiTh give To posTeriTy a deTailed accounT OT iT. The daTe-December 19, l935. The place-The sixTh Tloor oT The FoundaTion Building. Two painTing rooms, color- Tully decoraTed wiTh original murals la la Tony Sargl by Third year sTudenTs, were The cenTer OT The TesTiviTies. These murals alone were worTh The admission Tee. Balloons, conTeTTi, and crepe paper beTrayed The Teminine Touch. JusT' To prove ThaT They could cook, The girls supplied The TempTing delicacies so essenTial To The success oT any gaThering where The sTronger sex is presenT. ATTer The enTerTainmenT, which con- sisTed oT a saTirical comedy on The Toibles oT our elders, prizes were awarded To The wearers oT The besT cosTumes. RuTh Allen and Ben Ahneman were The winners. Since 'All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,' and since we Tound The con- verse is also True, we decided To geT down To work and help To produce lin our small wayl The l936 CABLE. For The TirsT Time in Cooper Union hisTory The Day ArT School was inviTed To assisT in compiling This volume. T The maioriTy oT aspiranTs To places on The sTaTT came Trom-you've guessed iT-The class oT I937. IT is wiTh regreT ThaT we musT admiT, as The evidence exposes, ThaT There are very Tew sTudenTs in The remainder oT The Day ArT classes who are willing To give oT Their Time To do someThing beneTiTTing The sTudenT body as a whole. ' And all This said loh reader, dear readerl as iT There was no work To be done oTher Than exTra-curricular work. Look ye and hark ye, aT any oT The exhibiTions in and around The Cooper Union and 'There will you see lEd. NoTe-IT you look close enoughl The class OT I937 copiously represenTed. Top Row-STanley, Woodcock, R. Allen, Fischl, Koeniger, Ahneman. BoTTom Row-E. Allen, ScoTT, Gundlach, Mr. Purves, Gorecki, KiTTle. NIGHT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING CLASS OF I938 This, The class OT I938, Torging ahead in The TourTh year OT iTs exisTence, has given iTs members a TurTher and deeper i'nsighT inTO Their respecTive Tields. This year marked The inTrOducTion OT The sTudenTs inTo The sTudenT chapTers OT The various engineering socieTies. Already They have been privileged wiTh IecTures by many ouTsTanding engineers in The Tields ThaT They will uITimaTely enTer. This year also marlced The rebirTh OT The sTudenT c'hapTer OT The chemical sOcieTy which had been discOnTinued Tor several years. The work OT Mr. GumbrechT and his assOciaTes deserves parTicular commendaTion. The Civil En- gineering ChapTer was TorTunaTe in geTTing OTT To an early sTarT and having many noTabIe speakers acquainT The sTu- denTs wiTh whaT They mighT expecT To meeT when They ulTi- maTeIy reach The sTage OT proTessionaI pracTice. BoTh The eIecTrical and mechanical chapTers have likewise cOnTribuTed Toward giving The sTudenTs OT The I938 class a more corn- pIeTe picTure OT whaT These branches OT engineering are like. The class oTTicers were eIecTed early in The year and proceeded TO ouTline an ambiTiOus exTra-curricular program. The various acTiviTies, however, did noT seem To maTeriaIize because OT The pressure OT inTense sTudying and The depIeTed ranks OT The sTudenT body. However, since The BIanIceT Fee has provided access Tor every sTudenT To The Annual Dance and since The various sTudenT chapTers OT The prOTessional socieTies have had Their annual dinners, a cerTain amOunT OT social conTacT was Thus assured Tor The sTudenTs. So Tar as The courses are concerned, each OT The sec- Tions is beginning To encounTer The subiecTs which They be- lieve consTiTuTe engineering. The advance surveying course parTicuIarIy proved inTeresTing and absorbing. ThaT parT OT The course dealing wiTh pracTicaI asTrOnomy TascinaTed The secTion as a whole. The sTudy OT The sTars, Time, and The deTermining OT The reIaTive posiTion on The earTh Trom a siderial observaTiOn, were iusT a Tew OT The pleasures They encOunTered. They were parTicuIarIy TorTunaTe in having The I-Iayden PIaneTarium, which opened iusT This year. To give Them a more compleTe picTure OT whaT The subiecT maTTer was lilce. Such subiecTs as: EIecTricaI MeasuremenTs, EIecTriciTy and IvIagneTism, DirecT CurrenT Machines, and EIecTricaI Machine LabOraTOry provided many pleasures and headaches Tor The EIecTricaI Engineering SecTiOn. Such John GurnbrechT PresidenT LesTer RoisTacher Vice-presidem' Herman I-Iornickel Treasurer Sanford KOreTsI,y Secrelary Things as hysTeresis, capaciTances, inducTance, dynamos, generaTors, and The sTudy oT many elecTrical devices assured This secTion oT ThaT which They long awaiTed. The CarnoT principle, enTropy, perTecT gas equaTions, sTeam power planTs, reciprocaTing sTeam engines, inTernal combusTion engines, elemenTary and advanced machine design, Took care oT any spare Time which The embryo Mechanical Engineers rnig'hT oTherwise have enioyed. The Chemical Engineering SecTion was Tor The mosT parT concerned wiTh Physical lvleTallurgy. OT course, There were such oTher subiecTs as: QuanTiTaTive Analysis, Euels and CombusTion, DiTTerenTial EquaTionsg buT These were only Tid-biTs so To speak, To spice The MeTallurgy assignmenTs. Under The able insTrucTion OT 'humorous ProTessor Bacon, The Tour secTions con- soled each oTher on Their various woes and gaThered some losT sleep while sTudying The ever useTul buT noT so diTFiculT subiecT oT NegoTiable lnsTrumenTs. Word musT be said oT The very able insTrucTion which helped pave The way over whaT mig'hT have been very rough going. The TourTh year class, as a whole, is parTi- cularly graTeTul To Their insTrucTors who have indeed done Their parT. Due To The pressure oT business, coupled wiTh The inTensive sTudy necessary To meriT a degree in Engineering, iT was almosT impossible To devoTe any Time To social acTiviTy during our TirsT years aT Cooper Union. ln our Third year, however, realizing The need oT relaxaTion The ElecTrical Engineers and The Chemical Engineers under The able direcTion OT John GumbrechT, held a Beer ParTy and a TheaTre ParTy, boTh oT which meT wiTh The approval oT all concerned. Thus The class oT l938 looks very anxiously Toward I938. The inTervening years seem as noThing-The years gone by, buT yesTerday. lT will noT be very long beTore The TirsT represenTaTives oT The six year course make Their bow beTore The proTession. 1 Top Row-Wilensky, Welling, KeTTleman, Alexanders, Tobey, Wizeman, Franz, Green, Shiller, ChichesTer. Middle Row-BruckenThal, Reich, Ezell, Kozlowski, Sigman, STauss, Vreeland, Del Papa, Levada, FiTzgerald, Oldham. BoTTom Row-Barker, Schmulzler, KauTman, l-lornickel, KaTz, RoisTacher, 6umbrechT, KoreTsky, OwendoTT, Noss. NIGHT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING CLASS OF I939 The class OT V939 enTered The Cooper Union Three shorT years ago. lvluch waTer has passed under The bridge since Then and very Tew OT The doing men have won To The Third year. Some Tell by The road because oT Their posiTions, oThers were Torced To surrender To relenTless EaTe because oT sickness, and sTill oThers iusT gave up The ghosT. AT The class inducTion inTo The Cooper Union, The school weekly publicaTion, The Pioneer, had been suspended Tor one year. A group oT The Treshmen, realizing The necessiTy Tor having some publicaTion which would Tell The new men someThing abouT The school and insTil in Them a spiriT and a love Tor The Cooper Union, conceived The idea oT publish- ing a class paper. Among This group were Charles A. l-Tauck and ElberT Jaudon, who have survived Thus Tar To Their Third year. Their eTForTs culminaTed in a Tour-page, six by eighT gossip sheeT. The reading maTTer was brighT- ened in many spoTs by carToons drawn by The ediTor's girl Triend and by his broTher. The issue sold aT Two cenTs The copy and subscripTions were resTricTed To The class. The paper boasTed a Peeping Tom column, shorT sTories, sporT acTiviTies, club and TraTernal noTices, puzzles, biTs oT science, and a column on The personaliTies oT our insTrucTors. LesT we TorgeT, There also was an ediToriaI column in which The members OT The class were Taken To Task Tor This and Tor ThaT Tailure. The sheeT was so well-managed Tinancially and so inTeresTinglyiediTed ThaT, even To The surprise oT The sTaTT, a proTiT was realized. This was cheerTully submiTTed To The oTTicers oT The class To help deTray The expenses oT The class picTure in The T934 CABLE. The men who promoTed This small buT inTeresTing newseTTe have lived up To Their abiliTies. This year, Tor The TirsT Time in The hisTory oT The Cooper Union, The men oT The lower classes have been given The enormous Task oT publishing The CABLE Tor 1936. ln Tormer years, The Junior classes oT The school published The CABLE. This year, in view oT The TacT ThaT There are as yeT no iuniors in The six- year nighT engineering courses, ProTessor R. C. BrumTield, Chairman OT EaculTy CommiTTee on STudenT RelaTions com- missioned William P. Reuss, PresidenT oT General STudenTs Council Tor '34-'35, To selecT The ediTor-in-chieT and business manager oT The I936 CABLE Trom The lower classes and To leT These Two men choose Their sTaTTs Trom any class in The William EiTzpaTrick PresidenT Charles l-Tauck Vicespresidenl' Frank Vanek Secrefary William Joseph Treasurer school. Thus, iT was only naTural ThaT The Council should choose The ouTsTanding men oT The lower classes Tor These posiTions: Charles Alan l-lauck, EdiTor-in-ChieT, and Philip E. l-la'gerTy, Business Manager. P. E. l-lagerTy was one oT The live wires oT The class oT 1939 buT, because oT The diTTiculTies aTTendanT To his posiTion, was Torced To Take a leave oT absence and hence is now in his second year. These Two men, l-lauck and l-lagerTy, selecTed Those whose abiliTies They knew and who were numbered ThereTore among Their classmaTes: WalTer GoverTsen, Though now a second-year man because OT a serious illness, ElberT Jaudon, and Frank Vanek. These Tive men, The lasT oT The old guard, have published The l936 CABLE. During These Two years The sTudies grew more diTTiculT. Beginning wiTh The easy courses oT The TirsT year such as DescripTive GeomeTry, College Algebra, Engineering Drawing, ChemisTry, and The like, The sTudenTs came Through wiTh Tlying colors. The second year saT Them back on Their haunchesf' Now The Tough work began. Second Year ChemisTry, The bugaboo oT many oT The class was a mighTy hill To climb. Add To This The courses in AnalyTical GeomeTry, Physics, and Social World The chances oT geTTing passing grades look slim To an acTive man. However, because oT diligenT work, or is iT perhaps, because oT bribing The proTs, mosT oT The membe-rs were able To Tinish wiTh clean slaTes. The Third year was begun wiTh opTimisTic spiriTs. BuT wiThin a Tew weeks a wee biT oT pessimism began To creep inTo The minds oT The class. Who said The TirsT Two years are The hardesT? ElecTriciTy and MagneTism, Calculus, Trade and ConTracTs, Engineering Mechanics, AnalyTical ChemisTry, Survey- ing, and KinemaTics assumed gianT proporTions. According To all reporTs Thus Tar received, The maioriTy oT The members are keeping Their heads above waTer. The Tinal exams will Tell The Tale oT success or Tailure. , The social acTiviTies oT The class oT I939 had been varied buT successTul. ln The Treshman year The TirsT aTTair was a sTag dinner, held on Eriday nighT aTTer school l l Top Row+Rankel, Brady, Budde, MiddleTon, KerTescz. Middle Row-MarTone, Winer, Evans. l3leiT, Guzzardi, Weber, l-lasselbach, BoTToin Row-Border, Woleisio, Michaels, l-lauck, Keiser- man, Balk, MarcheTTi. hours. An exTremely large percenTage oT The class aTTended, TogeTher wiTh Their insTrucTors. As a maTTer oT TacT, beTore The dinner was halT over, a keen rivalry was in progress beTween The members oT The TaculTy and The sTudenTs as To which group could puT away The greaTesT amounT per man oT ThaT good old 2.5 alky. lEd. NoTe -We never Tound ouT who won The conTesT. All our quesTions as To The ouTcome were meT wiTh archTul smiles and knowing looksl. EnTerTainmenT was provided in The Torms oT dancers lmalel, crooners, iesTers, and lasT buT noT leasT, one oT Those people seldom heard and never seen, a real, 'honesT To gosh, pianisT. All The gang had a iolly uproarious Time and when The keglsl were drained, sTaggered home in a SweeT Adeline mood. The success oT This aTTair paved The way Tor anoTher aT The end oT The year. ArgumenT waged back and TorTh, The benedicTs versus The bachelors- Should iT be sTag or co-ed? The bachelors Triumphed and a commiTTee headed by GoverTsen sTaged a boaT-ride To Indian PoinT. lEd. NoTe To Business Manager-Can we geT someThing Trom The Hudson River Day Line Tor This publiciTyf7l EnTerTainmenT lThere was none on The boaT-iT was co-edl was presenTed in The Torm oT aThleTic conTesTs Topped by a baseball game oT, again, Bachelors versus BenedicTs. This lasT conTesT was TeaTured by wagers beTween The wives and The girl Triends. The bachelors, Tearing To place greaTer Tinancial burdens upon The overloaded backs OT The benedicTs, allowed The married men To Tie The score and, Tinding a TechnicaliTy, called The game a draw, gaThered up Their bags, cameras, and Their women and wended homeward. - The opening oT The nexT year aT school saw The re-insTallaTion oT The Pioneer and The elecTion OT an enTirely new seT oT class oTTicers. These new oTTicers unlike Those oT The TirsT year did noT have ThaT giT up and go gualiTy. ConsequenTly, There were no social acTiviTies scheduled Tor The ensuing year. l'lowever, The old group Top Row-Keaveny, Tobias, Somson, Kessler, Ffascella. Middle Row-Vanek, Miller, Michael- son, Klein, HuTchins, Bricchi, BoTTom Row-Glass. Burch, Berman, Barack, Danner. meT and Tormed Themselves inTo a bowling Team and challenged any oTher class Team in The school. Ten conTesTs were held, our class winning seven oT The Ten maTches. Toward The end oT The year, This same group began To persuade The class oTTicers: AlberT Ossi, William Charney, Bill Fischer, and Mark Kusevich, To hold some aTTair aT The close oT The school year. ATTer a greaT deal oT coaxing, and even bully- ing, anoTher boaT-ride was scheduled Tor Indian PoinT. The class OT l94O was also inviTed. AT'hleTic conTesTs were again The enTerTainmenT, and The baseball game was Soph versus Fresh, which, oT course. The Sophs won by a good margin. The Third year saw The division oT The class inTo The Tour engineering courses, and The separaTion oT chums who could noT see eye To eye regarding which engineer- ing Tield oTTered The mosT saTisTacTion and The mosT lucre. Thus The only means oT seeing These old Triends were Through eiTher TraTerniTies or Through social gaTher- ings. The class oTTicers chosen aT The beginning oT The year, namely: William FiTz- paTrick, Charles A. l-lauck, AnThony PinTo and William Joseph, had planned Two social TuncTions Tor The year. One, a dance during The Spring vacaTion, and The oTher, an ouTing The TirsT Sunday aTTer The closing oT school. The dance was aTTended by more Than TiTTy percenT oT The class, proving ThaT The spiriT shown in The TirsT year was sTill in exisTence. This aTTair, a social and Tinancial success, was acclaimed as The iolliesT gaThering ever held by The class oT 1939, The plans Tor The ouTing are held in abeyance Though leT us hope noT Tor long. The class is eagerly looking Torward To a bigger and beTTer Time Than ever beTore. The success oT The various social TuncTions in The lasT Tew years demonsTraTe The spiriT oT cooperaTion exisTenT in The class oT IQ39. This should give a Tair omen oT The resulT oT The proposed ouTing, The plans Tor which are sTill in embryo. Never- Theless, all The members oT The class are eagerly looking Torward To a bigger and beTTer aTTair Than ever beTore. Top Row-Adams, Sobel, Simeone, Walsh, Roszkowski, l-laar, Charney, lvlacWhorTer, Wiesen- danger, LuTher. Middle Row--FrisTensky, Sonberg, l-leiser, Brown, Woebcke, Bahrenburg, Volk, Dravesky, Marino, Lieber. BoTTom Row-Wasserman, DworkowiTz, ATkins, FiT'zpaTrick, Barrows, Jaudon, Koliner, Goldberg. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CLASS OF I938 We enfered The Cooper Union in Sepfember I934, a hopeful group of freshmen, mosf of us iusf ouf of high school and sfill cherishing memories of our senior year in high. Like fhe maiorify of fhose who come fo learn af The Cooper Union, we were faken aback by fhe new and severe curriculum. Social acfivifies were nof so imporfanf as we had imagined, and for fhe mosf parf, we held our breafh and saf fighf-and sfudied a whole lof. lf dawned upon us why Cooper engineers are in such high repufe in fhe profession - one has fo be good fo gef his degree. Affer fhe resulfs of fhe firsf year's final examinafions were announced and fhe new class lisfs were posfed, we found fhaf our ranks had been sadly deplefed. ln mosf cases if seemed we had losf fhe mosf cheerful and opfimisfic members of our freshman days and fhose wifh whom we had formed fhe warmesf friendship. We sincerely hope fhey will refain fhaf opfimism and cheerfulness in spife of fheir femporary defeaf and fhaf nexf year will find fhem sfill pursuing fheir courses af Cooper. The loss of friends and classmafes did nof have any greaf effecf upon fhose who had affained fhe exalfed rank of sophomore, for fhe second year found us separafed info fhe various engineering de- parfmenfs wifh new friendships and new rivalries soon formed. As usual, fhe Chemical Engineering Deparfmenf garnered fhe lion's share of fhe class wifh fhe Elecfrical Engineering Deparfmenf a fairly sfrong second. ln com- parison wifh fhe horde of Chemical Engineers, fhe few Civil and Mechanical Engineers seemed like a few losf souls in a vasf wilderness. Whaf fhese fwo deparfmenfs lacked in numbers, however, fhey made up in ofher accomplishmenfs. Alfhough we were all fhankful fhaf we had escaped fhe bugaboo of descripfive ge-omefry and English fhemes we soon found fhaf our second year courses were likely fo cause a good deal of frouble. The Civil Engineers, fhose rugged oufdoor individuals, fo guofe Dean Bafeman, dreaded a rainy Friday affernoon wirh ifs possibilify ofa long quiz insfead of fhe cusfomary four hours of field work: fhe Chemical Engineers were always groaning abouf fheir Inorganic Chemisfry problems, fhe Mechanical Engineers had Kinemafics of Machines fo worry aboufg and fhe Elec- frical Engineers had fo wrife pages upon pages of Elecfrical Measuremenfs Laborafory reporfs. Nafurally, each secfion Max Sfrauss Presidenf Sol Tannenbaum Vice-presidenf Roberf Hammond Secrefary George Landow Treasurer Tried To convince The oT-hers ThaT iT had The mosT diTTiculT courses. This led To several raTher heaTed debaTes and TosTered a worThwhile rivalry among The Tour engineering branches. All oT us wiTh no previous knowledge oT German Tound This course one oT our chieT obsTacles. TheVrapidiTy wiTh which The classes advanced made iT imperaTive ThaT The sTudenTs l4epT up To The minuTe wiTh Their assignmenTs. Trade and AccounT- ing problems gave headaches To us all. Many weary hours were spenT Tinding mis- Talqes which, alThough They should noT have been made in The TirsT place, were none The less diTTiculT To Tind. The course in Proicessional AspecTs proved a welcome inno- vaTion. From The series oT lecTures and moTion picTures which iT included. we ob- Tained a Tairly deTiniTe idea oT The Type oT problem which each branch oT engineering aTTempTs To solve, oT The meThods oT soluTion, and oT The dependence oT each branch upon The oThers. As a class our TirsT move was To become organized. WiTh This purpose in mind a business meeTing was held and The Tollowing class officers were elecTed: PresidenT, Max STraussg Vice-presidenT, Sol Tannenbaumg SecreTary, RoberT l-lammondg Treasurer, George Landow. A dance and several oTher social evenTs have been suggesTed buT no deTiniTe plans have been made. IT is expecTed ThaT These plans will be decided upon in The near TuTure. We believe we have shown a more Than average inTeresT in The exTra-curricular acTiviTies aT Cooper. LasT year we endorsed The BlanlceT Fee wiTh Iifrle or no hesi- TaTion and so Tar This year very Tew of us have Tailed To pay The BlankeT Fee assess- menT. During The pasT year we engaged in inTer-class sporTs aT The ChrisTadora l-louse and This year, because oT The increased aTTendance in The gym and pool, we inTend To accomplish much more. To daTe, we have supporTed and helped To make a success oT The TekarT dances. Several members oT our class are members of The Top Row-KersTein, Kenny, Dunlcelrnan, Gruol, PloTkin, Dohn, Goldman, Goodman. Middle Row-LenTer, Loughlin, l.ipschiTz, Sanders, Vifeber, Lang, Knopfle, Eiwen, Bodzin, Agin, SloTkin. BoTTom Row-Auerbach, OzsvaTh, Tanenbaum, STrauss. Hammond, Samberg, Sagonas, Herman. Pioneer News Board. The same can be said Tor The manager OT The baskeTball- Team and Tor one OT iTs regular players. We have also shown inTeresT in The acTiviTies oT The sTudenT engineering socieTies. This inTeresT has been sTimulaTed in The case oT The Civil Engineers by The TacT ThaT The American SocieTy OT Civil Engineers has inviTed Sophomores oT The InsTiTuTe oT Technology To join iTs ranks Tor The TirsT Time in iTs hisTory. Membership in This socieTy, previously open only To Juniors and Seniors, has been opened To second year men in The belieT ThaT The increased membership will cause a corresponding increase in The number and inTeresT oT The meeTings. Up To The presenT Time, The subiecTs which we have considered are oT an elemenTary naTure lThough so very diTTiculT Tor us mere youngsTersl. However, These same subiecTs Torm The ToundaTion upon which is based The enTire sTrucTure oT The science oT engineering. Now ThaT we are acTually sTudying The Theorems Trom which our courses are evolved, iT is exTremely desirable ThaT we gain a genuine pracTical knowledge oT The use oT These TundamenTal principles in real work in The Technical Tields. TT became parT OT The TuncTion OT The aToremenTioned socie'Ties To dissecT some oT These essenTial Theories which we have been TaughT and show us Trom plain concreTe TacTs how liTTle They are used in indusTrial pracTice. However, leT iT noT be wrongly supposed ThaT This acTiviTy was The chieT aim OT These socieTies, Tor Their main obiecTive was To clariTy Engineering, our chosen proTession. This They have done TaiThTully and excellenTly, and Tor Their work in This respecT we are deeply graTeTul. We sTill have The beTTer parT oT our ,course ahead oT us, and Tor many who will cerTainly do advanced work, we have made buT a beginning in our educaTion. ln The remaining years, iT will be well Tor us To cemenT Those Triendships which we are now Torming, so ThaT when our courses aT Cooper Union are compleTed, we may enjoy social happiness coupled wiTh proTessional success. 2EzLL:J?,- , , ' f 191' Top Row-Koosman, Purr, LevigTon, Weixel, Egbert Zcrnow. Middle Row-Tucker. Thomas. lskowiTz. Kordak, Rennolds. Borden, Duch, Hahn. Dury, BoTTom Row-Kandiner, WeinTraub, Miller, Landaw, Richmond, LevenThal, Sieshohz, McLaren. NIGHT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING CLASS OF I940 The Class OT l94O has been a seriously minded class. The business oT obTaining an educaTion has been uppermosT in iTs collecTive mind mosT oT These pasT Two years. There has been liTTle Time Tor much TrivoliTy or Tor much oT ThaT easy- going camaraderie ThaT is supposed To be a TradiTional parT oT college liTe. We have TelT This loss keenly-would ThaT l:aTher Time would Turn back The clock! l-lowever, iT has been a case oT The spiriT being willing and The Tlesh being Too Tired. Our Treshman year was spenT in comparaTive obscuriTy. Each oT us wenT his separaTe way, The burden oT scholas- Tic work keeping our noses To The grind- sTone. AT The close oT our TirsT year The need Tor closer cooperaTion and a more Triendly companionship became evidenT. Those TirsT year exams made This a Tore- I gone conclusion! Came SepTember-and our class had shrunk in The aggregaTe and grown individually. The backs OT our Tlapping ears being dried and our ego being Tapered OTT To whaT Tor us is an absoluTe minimum, we plunge inTo sTudenT aTTairs- con mucho gusTo. U Class elecTions were more spiriTed Than Philip l-lagei-Ty WalTer GoverTsen T ' U presideml Vicepresidenf lasT year because now we were wise- W'll'f'm Near? MOS Cdmmer S we knew who worked and who shirked. reasurer ecreTary . 5. Rabinowprz Alphonse Skorski Our oTTIcers Tound ThaT regular weekly ASW Treasurer 2nd V506-PFGSHSHT meeTings oT The execuTive commiTTee re- sulTed in geTTing Things done. ThaT hard To deTine expression college spiriT is slowly buT surely growing on us. We are being TrarIsTormed Trom college boys To college men-Trorn Cooper noviTiaTes To Cooper exemplars. Food and drink being a necessary and viTal parT OT liTe and we young bloods being anxious To parTake oT liTe, our craTTy minds concocTed a scandalous scheme, a Bacchahalian advenTure-in shorT, a rendezvous wiTh Pilsner! By consulTaTion wiTh The Oracle, iT was decided ThaT The TirsT Vifednesday OT The TwelTTh monTh would be propiTious lopporTune To youl. As an appropriaTe den oT iniguiTy, we chose Nicholaus', an oTherwise respeclrable joinT on Second Avenue. The aTTendance was overwhelming-well, noT Too overwhelming. The whole aTTair being under The ioinT sponsorship of fhe Classes of l94O and l94l, our liffle freshman brofhers were well represenfed. The amber necfar flowed and fhe dainfy morsels called sandwiches dis- appeared wifh alarming rapidify. Comrade Cammer was run bowlegged frying fo find ouf how many pifchers of ale consfifufe a barrel of beer. Credif is due Moe for fhe successful funcfioning of his one-man commif-fee on enferfainmenf. Among our honored guesfs were Professor Ray C. Brumfield, Messrs. Tanzola, Currey, l-lalsey, Lehman, and Sheridan. We lisfened very affenfively fo fheir words of praise and encouragemenf and fried fo conceal our blushes. We appreciafe fhe friendly inferesf faken in us by our insfrucfors and fake fhis opporfunify fo fhank fhem. A feafure affracfion of our program was an exhibfion of sleighf-of-hand and legerdemain by one Douglas Geoffrey, who fook pains fo make our wise guys feel foolish before fheir public. This joyous gafhering passed info hisfory in fhe wee sma' hours of Thursday. Vlfe earnesfly hope fhaf fhis friendly fype of gafhering will become a permanenf parf of our scholasfic exisfence. Looking back, refrospecfively, memories flash before fhe mind-if were as fhough we were focussing a spoflighf info fhe dim regions of lime fhaf has passed. The spoflighf shiffs fhis way and fhaf-lighfing hidden visfas of fwo years' memories- here bringing info bold relief a familiar face-fhere revivifying a picfure of a long- forgoffen name-casfing shadows of reflecfion-drawing delicafe silhoueffes for fufure reminiscences. The spoflighf shows all-fhe men who crammed-who cribbed -who survived. Af fhis poinf in our sfory we pause fo-infroduce some of our pious friends and noforious companions-Phil Hagerfy, our presidenf-diplomaf and business man. Howard Andersen, our firsf presidenf-some fwo hundred pounds of good nafure- coupled wifh mild bewildermenf over fhe mysferies of higher educafion. The OK. corporafion of Frank Casfellano and lvlike Aquino-who inspire each ofher so fhaf V, Top Row-Di Monico, Brooks, Wexler, Bachsfeffer, Zucchino. Middle Row-Colen Chudow, Braselmann, l-loban, Carlson, Cole, C, Bernsfein. Bofiom Row-Jehle, Adler, Casfellano Anderson, S. Bernsfein, Cohen. Berger. neiTher ever Tlunked a quiz. Bill Neary--who developed The game oT sTud poker To an exacT science, and who is The besl' Treasurer oT whom we know. Sol Bernsffein- who leTT in his wake many precious memories oT adolescence. Tom Bucciarelli-oT whom a one-word descripTion mighT be-TruculenT. George Quinn-who hanke-rs Tor more culTure in Cooper. WalTer GoverTsen-golden-'haired and golden-voiced- The super salesman oT The class-a leader and a Triend. Harry RoisTacher who proved To be a.perTecT companion-and inTerposed a genrly reserved conceiT as a barrier againsT The cruder onslaughTs.xgT The hoi polloi. George Carlson-happy-gd lucky gooch-always ready To have a beer wiTh any one. l-larold Parsekian-who grubbed counTless cigareTTes-buT who was a loT oT Tun. Bill Cole-a naTural show- man--who aimed To please and succeeded. lke Rabinowit-a corking Tellow buT a Terrible pinochle player. Georgie GreberT, whiTTler and business man-who could sell TickeTs To ,an old ladies' aTTernoon Tea. Eddie l-loTmann-vigorous oT speech and OT arm-waving. ClaT Nelson-a chap who combines a jovial camaraderie wiTh iusT The correcT amounT oT circumspecT reserve. Fleck Zucchino-a boy whose TreaT- menT oT girls was governed by scruples. Leo BachsTeTTer-a perTecT example oT whaT a mousTac'he and The Coue meThod persisTenTly applied can do Tor a man wiTh ambiTion. Rog lvlcAlisTer-a scholar, a ScoTsman, and a genTleman combined in one. Saul Birnbaum-a living personiTicaTion ol: The Tailings oT our educaTional sysTem. lvloe Cammer-who can Tell ribald sTories or recall Shakespeare wiTh equal TaciliTy. NaT Rochlin-who sings, draws, and dresses well. Wal'T l-lommes-quieT. unassuming, capable-we wonder whaT goes on behind ThaT innocenT expression. lra Cohen-he knows his sTuTl-w'ho'd guess iT by looking aT him? Sidney Aspler-whose noTe books saved more lives Than we know. Vince De SancTis-who owns a very nice smile. l-lymie Adler-The liTTle Tellow who Takes himselT so Terribly seriously. Andy Rosenberg-wiTh The look oT disillusioned Broadway in his eyes--we don'T know whaT Top Row-Fuchs, GarTinkel, Kahn, Goldberg, DworkowiTz, Eckel, Dunay. Middle Row-Gilman, Drechsler, YesowiTch,. FousT, Gebrian, Kunysz, Feldman, Frisch. BoTTom Row-Niechwiadowicz. Docks, Fleck, l-lagerTy, DuFlon, GilberT, Friedman. marred his pasT-buT The TuTure srill beckons, Al Skorski-whose idea oT heaven would be an immense baskeTball courT. ConsTanTino Dubac-empTy barrels make The mosT noise. Frank l-loban-Than whom There is no sleepier-nor Triendlier. GilberT and Dulzlon-The Siamese Twins. Oscar Frisch-always losT in mediTaTion. Sid GarTinkel-always ready To argue wiTh a ProT. Julie Goldberg-a Tigure oT im- posing digniTy. Moe l-lashrnall-The ideal milkman. Bill I-laraTonik-willing To Tell you everyThing abouT anyThing if you have The Time. Ernie Lindner-who'll go any- place, anyTime, if promised exciTemenT. Frank McGinnis-aThleTe and ladies' man. lrving MoskowiTz-who somehow know-s all The answers. Tom Trayner-who geTs in peoples' hair wiThouT halT Trying. Ed Walsh-a hero To 'his valeT. Bill Fischer-a recognized auThoriTy on wine, women, and song. George KenT-who insisTs he was disillusioned beTore our Time. Dan Mahoney-who Thinks ThaT Ireland is a suburb oT Paradise. Theresa Tarzanin-who plans To add +ha+ Teminine Touch To such manly pasTimes as bridge-building and diTch-digging. Paul VesTigo-Triend and savanT- an exponenT oT ,The Tiner Things in liTe. Jack Sonberg-who iT seems has losT his Cooper spiriT. Norb lvlullio-who is enamored oT maThemaTical philosophy. Gene PaTrone-a philosopher in engineering. Harry Goode-wise beyond 'his years and much given To expounding absTracT maThemaTics. ArTy Paulsen-says liTTle, knows plenTy. l-lenry Perez-he oT The cool sang-Troid. Vince PeTrucelly-doesn'T leT you know how much he knows. Sam RabinowiTz-harried shepherd oT a 'Tlock oT ungracious classmaTes. Charlie PinTo-who knows his way around. A. Braselmann-who comes To us Trom The Tair ciTy oT l-loboken. Vic Dobler-who chances The vicissiTudes oT The STaTen Island Terries, so greaT is his ThirsT aTTer knowledge. STeve Girnius- Torever grinning-abouT whaT? Tom GilberT-who loves his alma maTer so much ThaT 'he commuTes Trom Maplewood, N. J. Willy PTann-The asTuTe oracle oT Juniper l l Top Row-Kaliion, Goldman, Dobler, Gurnisiewicz, WeinhoTer, l-loirnann, Larkin, Krule-.viTz. Middle Row-BarTelheim, KauTman, STern, Ploilcin, Kryger, Schroeder, Koehler, Greenberg. l-lampTon, De SancTis. BoTTom Row-Gormezano, STrom. Meringer, Gerberlr, Goverfsen. Grohse, l-lashmall, Krukiel, Scozzari. Road, Middle Village, L. l. lsadore Rabinowih--who should be a greaT man wiTh The ladies, Tor if he weren'T so Tall, and looked diTFerenT lmuch diTTerenTl, and were man enough To grow a real' musTache, would really resemble Clark Gable. Johnny Posa- veTz-wonder why he's so quieT? STill waTer runs deep--so They say. l.eo PloTkin -seems To draw on a vasT sTore oT knowledge-The oracle oT Delphi and The Voice oT Experience musT be plagiarizing his line. Bob Carr-nobody would suspecT ThaT he's a Turriner Trom ElizabeTh, N. J. Bill Rosenwald-wonder whaT happened To The eyebrow he shaved OTT his lip iusT beTore ChrisTmas? Maybe The girl Triend didn'T like iT-and Then again, maybe she was Tickled wiTh iT. LesTer Kryger- whose pres- ence is ample proof oT how widespread is The Tame oT our beloved alma maTer, Tor ldidnTcha know iT?l he's an ouTlander Trom The wilds oT l-lawThorne, N. J. Will FousT -wonder how much MephisTopheles paid him? Paul Kunysz-iT he spelled his name backwards he'd have a swell chance To be lasT in The phone book, so some Tool could wake him up iusT before dawn. LesTer Levine-who has very liTTle To do wiTh The ''hail-Tellow-well-meT spiriT in Cooper, Through no TaulT oiT his own. Solomon l.ubin -an example OT The small Town boy's making good in The big ciTy-only his home Town is Tar, Tar away. You guess where. WalTer and John Mihalik-who come Trom CliTTon, N. J., To learn The genTle arT oT Throwing bridges across rivers as well as smashing aToms lyes, They are broThersl. Joseph PearlsTein-a man oT The world- who came back Tor more aTTer once succeeding in geTTing ouT oT Cooper-lDidia know he's aTTending Two'oTher nig'hT schools besides Cooper and holding down a responsible job in The day?-WoTTa manl. Jerome Schnall-you wouldn'T Think such a nice Tellow makes pansies. l'le does lbuT noT The kind you Thinkl in an arTiTicial Tlower shop. Ed Grohse-who swears Thar he srill believes in SanTa Claus lnobody doubTs iTl. ArTy Poole-who once Tried his hand aT poliTics buT evidenTly Tound iT noT To his liking. ArTy Conklin Takes everyThing in his sTride. Docke-The handsome Top Row-Aspler, MoskowiTz, Nooger, GlucksTern, Maccari, Feldman, Kaplan. Middle Row- W. Mihalik, MarsTeller, l.indquisT, McGinnis, Nelson, Parksekian, Mueller, UderwiTz, GasparoTTo. BoTTom Row-Leyes, ReTzker, Lairnes, Neary, Keene, Mullio, J. Mihalik. Johnny of our class. Joe Friedman--fhe guy who can'f make his haircomb behave. Abe Dworkowifz-poker face, fhe guy who never smiles. Sam Gilman-fhe learned one, always willing fo help a classmafe. George Gelorian-a man serious beyond his years. Dapper Dave Feldman-a boon fo fhe men's furnishing indusfry. Al Srnifh-who fakes a walk, regularly from Lyndhursf. Sam Kalifon--ambifious, con- scienfious, and friendly. Bob Schumacher-a Long island dirf farmer ldo you know any farmer's daughfers, Bob?l. Ed Krukiel-his name is hard fo spell, buf his acquain- fance is worfh marking. Barney Sfrom-fry fo falk him ouf of his ideas. Fred Drechs- ler-who had a hard job convincing us he is married. Greenberg-sfar gazer exfra- ordinary, have you seen him? Reggie Brooks-raconfeur and wif. Ed Jehle-a mys- ferious fellow, who will falk abouf everyfhing buf himself. Jack Fuchs-everybody loves a faf man, and why nof? Bill l-lampfon-sunny Bill from Sunnyside. l.asky-- always in a hurry buf never on fime lask any Prof, abouf himl. Charlie Leys-we fhoughf he was insfrucfor fhe firsf fime we saw him. Of course, we sferling flowers of young manhood did nof come unassisfed along The non-foo-smoofh road fo higher learning. Our innafe- modesfy wouldsf perforce have us poinf ouf-and commend for fheir perseverance--fhose among our noble faculfy who have been mosf insfrumenfal in developing our inherenf capabilifies. Professor Enders-small and dynamic-senior member of fhe faculfy and sfill as young as any of us in spirif. Professor Ball-a feacher of rare human insighf lhe makes us feel uncomforfable, somefimesl and whose abilify as an insfrucfor makes easy fhe appreciafion of physics. Mr. Donald lvlcLean-fhaf delighfful raconfeur who expounds equally well on fhe foibles of fhe greaf and fhe logic of analyf. Mr. Offo Puller-an able draffsman sore besef by chemical engineers who fry fo learn whaf he means by folerance and necking -lnof fhaf kindl. lvlr. Ray Syzmanowifz-a Cooper old-grad, whose eyes can see fhrough any wool pulled over fhem. Mr. Top Row-Schnall, Levine, Schieren, Perez, Czander, Pefrucelly. Middle Row-M. Schwarfz, Quinn, Capasso. Roisfacher. Schumacher, Paulsen, Posavefz. Boffom Row-Pinfo, l. Rabin- owifz, S. Rabinowifz, Rosenwald, Rochlin, M. J. Schwarfz. l-lerman STemper-knows all The shorT-cuTs in physics experimenTs. lvir. Sheridan- works hard To drag an indiTTerenT class Through The exams. Mr. KenneTh LoTgren- who aTTribuTes his youThTul abiliTy To Take iT' To many years oT climbing upsTairs To The Top Tloor while a sTudenT and Teacher aT Cooper. Mr. Hugh Halsey-Takes sTu- denT sTupidiTy preTTy seriously, and is annoyed aT The lig-hTness wiTh which They TreaT such maTTers-his good naTure, which he does his besT To hide keeps him Trom ex- ploding aT recalciTranT classes. Mr. Taplin-The imperTurbable, whose coolness is perhaps The basis OT 'his painless Teaching oT maThemaTics. ivlr. Salmonsen-doesn'T Talk much, buT knows his subiecT so well ThaT he can Teach even us. Mr. Manh- whose naTive abiliTy To slice iT Thin and lay iT on Thick adds no liTTle inTeresT To The vagaries of The Social Whirl, and who is a crackeriack plhilosopher To booT. ivir. Burns--doing a good iob oT a Thankless Task, Teaching physics To Cooper men. Mr. Tanzola-who knows his maTh, and can puT iT over by reason oT his maTchless abiliTy To bulldoze The sTudes. Mr. Faralla-small, buT The aspiring physicisTs look up To him. Mr. I-lope-how can such a youngsTer know so much? Mr. Summers-so much a regular Tellow and one oT us ThaT on occasion young hopefuls have Tried To borrow homework Trom him-and so nonchalanT ThaT iT's hard To realize ThaT he's The Tops in chemical engineering. Mr. Tarr-anoTher one oi: The pleasanTer insTrucTors who knows his chemisTry To a near perTecTion and presenTs iT in such a way as To eliminaTe The complex problems in PiTre. So Time moves on, and we approach The close oT our second year. We have goT To know each oTher much beTTer Than we did, and Triendship springs Trom knowl- edge. During The Tour years To come, leT us make TasTer The Ties oT Triendship which exisT among us, and leT our division, nexT year, inTo Tour disTincT classes, noT give rise To secTion loyalTy, buT leT iT, raTher, by means OT The inTimacy oT iTs secTions, serve To increase our knowledge oT one anoTher, and so TosTer a lasTing Teeling oT Triendship among us. Top Row-Lasky, Zinberg, Walsh, SmiTh, Zalinsky, Yeager, Champe. Middle Row-Tamezian, ScoTT, Sherman, Osciak, Wield, Wolk, Schmer, BoTTom Row-Wagner, Fischer, Pancsofar, Skorsfci, STahl, Walker, Silverman. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CLASS OF I939 On SepTember l8Th, Dean BaTeman welcomed To The Cooper Union whaT we believe To be The TinesT Treshman class To pass an enTrance examinaTion. One hundred honor sTudenTs, represenTing The pick oT eighT hundred applicanTs -and every man realizing iT. PuTTed up wiTh pride and selT- esTeem, we TelT Tully able To conquer anyThing in Cooper Union-even seven TlighTs oT sTairs. We ambiTious young men were noT kepT waiTing. ln The TirsT week every man received more assignmenTs Than a mid-Term exam had broughT him in 'high school. AnalyTics, descripT, physics, and drawing pyramided inTo a solid sTruc- Ture oT resisTance. However, our ego remained inTacT unTil The TirsT week in OcTober. The iniTial baTch oT Physics Lab ReporTs were Then reTurned. DanTe Accino was The only man To have an experimenT accepTed-The Vernier Caliper aT ThaT. lT is wiTh real pride ThaT we look back aT These diTTi- culTies and smile. Scho'lasTically, we have done all ThaT our high school records promised. , Occasionally, every college is cursed wiTh an inacTive and non-cooperaTive class. Our class is decidedly noT one oT These. We enTered enThusiasTically inTo all branches oT exTra-curricular acTiviTy. On SepTember 26Th we endorsed The BlankeT Fee, noT halT-'hearTedly, buT wiTh a unanimous voTe. ln mid-November The Freshman Council was organized. Each secTion chose Two represenTaTives. From This group oT eighT The Tour oTTicers were elecTed. The remaining Tour represenTaTives, l-lyman LacoTT, l-larold Fecler, WalTer F. RoTh, and Ray BendeTT, served ThroughouT The year as sec- Tion delegaTes, having voTes in all decisions. The Cooper Union TraTerniTies pledged many Treshmen early in The Tall. The pledgees' pool Table debuT was raTher Tunny. In many cases The obiecTive seemed To be To sink The cue ball. We Frosh are graTeTul To The TraTers Tor welcoming us so warmly and helping us in so many ways. The Freshman Class has been as acTive in aThleTics as in everyThing else. Ten oT us volunTeered Tor The baskeTball squad. OT This group, we remember WalT Baumslrein as The sTar-and as The man who won The Pioneer Score Guess- ing ConTesT. Dave l-lorowiiz was chosen as assisTanT man- ager oT The VarsiTy Squad, Harold Donnelly as manager oT Rob-erT Brown Presidenl' Richard Miller Vice-presidenl' David l-lorowifz Secrelary l-larry Robbins Treasurer The Class BaslqeTball Team, and Dick lvliller as Class Swimming and WaTer Polo Manager. Theodore Berlin, RoberT Herzog, and Royes Salmon are remembered as Those who TirsT broughT our class To The TronT in The Tield oT exTra-curricular acTiviTy. OT all The chess experTs oT Cooper Union, TaculTy and sTudenT alilie, These Three were The only ones To play To a draw MorTon l-lemmermesh, EasTern Chess Champion. All oTher enTries in The simulTaneous maTches were deTeaTed by The inTercollegiaTe experT. When The Tech men organized a chess Team To play The NighT School on OcTober 22nd, These Treshmen won Three oT The Tour vicTories ThaT secured The maTch Tor The Day School. l-lal l-lessing and Bob Brown represenTed The class on The TekarT Dance Com- miTTee. AlThough many Prosh are noT exacTly Fred AsTaires, a large group aTTended The dances regularly. Those who could noT dance made brave aTTemp.Ts. Several even aTTended The PiTTy-Third STreeT Y dance classes. Through The inTluence oT These dances, The ArT School became our rendezvous. We cerTainly liked The parTies held There. Our class is well represenTed on The Pioneer sTaTT. Early in The year The Pioneer called Tor reporTers, wriTers, and prooT readers. The largesT response came Trom The Treshmen. Jim Allaire, lrving Dreslxin, Bob Brown, Pranlc QuaTTlancler, l-larry Robbins, and George Rolly did good worlc on The news and producTion sTaTT ThroughouT The year. We expecT Toi see some OT Them in sTaTT posiTions nexT Pall. A class survey by The Pioneer revealed ThaT ambiTion was our dominanT TraiT. Por a Time many were raTher skepTical, buT our discovery oT Charles Prinzlca has con- vinced us. Charles has acTually memorized The Three place Table oT logariThms. A chap wiTh ThaT much ambiTion cerTainly malces up Tor The resT OT us. V AlThough our class is noT eligible Tor The proTessional socieTies, we have received Top Row--Brody, CenTre, EloviTz, BliTz, Berlin, BaumsTein, ChaiTe, Allaire, Accinno. Middle Row-BasTian, BerTe, BraTT, BendeTT, Aronow, Caligiuri, Everson, DuneTslcy, Brooks. BoTTom Row-Donnelly, De Simone, Dreslcin, Brown, Denenholz, Caccamo, Kramer, Dege. The beneTiT OT many inTeresTing semi-Technical discussions given by prominenT engineers. ln addiTion To These, There were many absorbing Talks given by ProTessor EvereTT Dean MarTin on Social Philosophy. These lecTures have given us a new perspecTive Toward The many acTiviTies going on abouT us. This modiTicaTion OT aTTiTude Towards surrounding evenTs is probably The mosT noTable change we have undergone. As a group The Treshmen have succeeded. Vfe have meT and conquered our diTTiculTies. We have enTered inTo all Tields oT exTra-curricular acTiviTy and have done crediTable work. Looking backward, we can say ThaT we really enioyed our TirsT year aT Cooper. lvlr. Lehman's quips, iProTessor Ball's brillianT showmanship, ProTessor MerriTT's subTle humor-all have 'helped To make our classes less Tedious. A pleasanT spiriT OT camaraderie has been imainTained ThroughouT The year. IT we never re- Turned To Cooper, iT would be some Time beTore we compleTely TorgoT each oTher. Class characTers-irrepressible Irving CenTre, The Towering good-naTured bulk oT Charlie BliTz, laughing Frank Janos, The lanky genius, Theodore Berlin-will be long remembered. WiTh True pride we can say ThaT we leave a brighT and pleasanT class hisTory behind us. BeTore us lies a TuTure ThaT we hope will be even brighTer. We Tace Three more years aT Cooper Union. Nearly halT oT The class has elecTed To sTudy chemical engineering. AbouT one-TourTh has decided upon elecTrical engineering. The re- mainder is abouT equally divided beTween The Tields oT mechanical and civil engineering. Our work has been hard aT Times. We, The Treshmen, should like To express our sincere graTiTude To our Triends among The TaculTy and upper classmen who have helped us over The Tough spoTs. We hope ThaT we shall reTain Their Triendship ThroughouT our Cooper Union career and beyond. l Top Row--Rolly, QuaTTlander, Salmon, Russ, PraTT, Geier, Fegan, Fifzgerald. KorosheTz. Middle Row-Quinn, PeTers. STone, Serveson, 'Weixeh Feder, Holland, Goldsiein. Gluck. BoTTom Rcw-Farmer, SchwarTz, Kozrnik, RoTh, Schalifer, Robbins, Ferreri, Foodim, Miller. Nlei-:T ENGINEERING CLASS OF l94l i T AlTred Zelman AnThony Ancona Presidenl' Treasurer Fred l-lamel Sidney DeuTsch Vice-presidenT SecreTary Edgar Budden lVlarTin Plum 2nd Vice-presidenT 3rd Vice-presidenT T-larry Vlfeil ROberT Wood Ass'T Treasurer l-lisTorian lT was laTe AugusT, and The Cooper Union AudiTorium was crowded wiTh anxious, perspiring men. Each OT Them was handed a heavy cardboard and some paper. From some OT These card- boards, roughly skeTched Taces OT lads and lasses grinned and grimaced aT Them. l recall one exciTed young man who sOughT TO change, Tor anOTher, his card on which had been drawn a Chinese dragon. l-le claimed +ha+ ever since he could remember dragons had always been unlucky To himselT and his Tamily -and he did so wanT To enTer Cooper Union. l exchanged cards wiTh him, nOT because l Tavored Chinese arT or super- sTiTion, buT solely To quieT him. I hope he was TOrTunaTe in The examinaTions. All eyes were Tocused upon one spoT in ThaT audiTorium-The clock. When word aT lasT was given To begin work, six hundred hands grasped pencils and be- gan TO wriTe Turiously. The clock Ticked away The precious minuTes which meanT so much To Those young men, inspired wiTh a lusT Tor knowledge. The alloTTed Time seemed alTogeTher Too shorT Tor The examinaTiOns. Six hundred silenT men Tiled ouT OT ThaT audiTorium ThaT nighT, secreTly muTTering imprecaTions againsT The hands OT Time which sTop Tor nOThing. MOST OT Those men wenT home wiTh Their aspiraTions OT enTering Cooper Union greaTly diminished. The n,exT evening pracTically.The same perTormance was enacTed as The second group OT approxi- maTely six hundred men Took Their exam- inaTiOns. Ages seemed To pass beTOre nearly one-halT OT, The Original number OT applicanTs were nOTiTiecl ThaT They were eligible Tor The enTrance examina- Tions. And so Once again The process oT eliminaTion was repeaTed. ln The end The posTman delivered Two hundred and eighT cards reading: You are hereby inTormed ThaT you are a.dmiTTed To The EirsT Year Class oT The NighT School oT Engineering. ThaT was enough To know-iT wlas The consummaTion oT Two hundred and eighT earnesT young men's desires Tor inTTellecTual aclvancemenT. On a nighT in SepTember l935, These same Two hundred and eighT young men, seaTed in The audiTorium oT Cooper Union, lisTened To Dean George E. BaTeman as he oTTicially greeTed Them as new sTudenTs oT The school. l-le counselled Them ThaT Their's would be no easy Task, ThaT They musT be prepared To make every sacriTice Tor The sake oT The educaTion Tor which They had enTered Cooper Union. WiTh The measured, decisive Tread oT rnen, who will one day surely make Their mark, These same youT'hs enTered inTo The hallowed halls oT This insTiTuTion oT learning To sTudy and laTer To TurTher The Theories oT science and ,engineering which iT so Treely Teaches. Since SepTember, The Treshmen have playled Their individual and communal roles as sTudenTs and men in a conspicuous buT commendable manner. This, Then, is The sTory OT The Treshmen, boTh singly and as a group1 iT is a sTory oT Their achievemenTs, Their shorTcomings, Their hopes and Their TuTure leanings. One oT The TirsT oTTicial buT pre-decided acTs oT The class was iTs elecTion oT oTTicers. Each oT The seven secTions elecTed a delegaTe To represenT iT in The Tresh- man council: Trom These seven The Tinal selecTion oT class oTTicers was made as Tollows: AlTred I. Zelman, presidenTg Fred C. l-lamel, Edgar Budden, and M. S. Plum, IsT, 2nd, and 3rd vice-presidenTs, respecTivelyq AnThony Ancona, Treasurer: l-larry A. Weil, assisTanT Treasurer: Sidney DeuTsch, secreTary. RoberT Wood, The class 'hisTorian was chosen by The Treshman council aTTer careTul deliberaTion. The work oT The aToremenTioned sTudenT oTTicers has been no easy Task. They have given Treely oT Their Time and energy in The besT inTeresTs oT Their Tellow classmen. Top Row-Crowley, ChernoTT. Brickfield, Bleak, Bildziukiewicz, Braun, Delassalle, ATTwood, Cohen, Corin, Bulger. BoTTom Row-Alessi, Bryer, Brand, Alpert Ancona, Bindman, Ash- kanazi, Cohen, Birnbaum. Meefing affer classes on every Monday of fhe school year, fhey offen found if nec- essary fo remain af school unfil fhe midnighf hour, proposing and debafing on gues- fions perfinenf fo fheir class. No finer example of service and sincere regard for fhe class can be shown fhan fhaf of Harry A. Weil, who musf commufe affer 'fhese meefings fo 'his home in fhe suburbs, arriving fhere usually in fhe early morning hours. Early in fhe ferm, fhe freshmen engineers were invifed fo affend fhe annual Soph-Frosh sfag affair which was held af Nicholaus' Resfauranf. Their convivial spirifs aroused, fhe freshmen responded fo fhe invifafion in good sfyle. Af fhe affair, wifh much hearfy hand shaking and back slapping, fhey were enferfained by fhe sophomores and faculfy alilce and were infroduced fo fhe popular legends and humor of Cooper Union. Needless fo say laf leasf if has been reporfed so by year- ling Zaharakas and ofhersl, fhe freshmen were guife able fo hold fheir own againsf fhe imbibing powers of fhe upper fermers. Burning fhe midnighf oil, invesfigafing fhe infricacies of mafh and science, fhe freshman class buried ifself in sfudies, aided no liffle bif by fhe good nafured advice of fhe insfrucfors. For fhe capable manner in which fhese same savanfs underfoolc fo reassure and insfrucf fhose of us fo whom fhe scholasfic barriers seemed af fimes insurmounfable, we hereby exfend our mosf sincere fhanlcs. To fhe library sfaff we are also grafeful for fheir friendly cooperafion and guidance. Descripfive geomefry, so ably propounded by fhe Messrs. Church and Lofgren, was a source of worry foimany and a delighf fo some lfhough of fhe laffer fhere were very fewl. The fog overhanging fhe descripfive geomefry classrooms was almosf impenefrable, buf luclcily fhe above menfioned insfrucfors lbeing well versed in fhe arf of penefrafing fogl were able fo clear up mosf of fhe difficulfies before fhe evenfful examinafion day rolled around. Chemisfry, being a new subiecf fo some unforfunafe sfudenfs, presenfed mani- Top Row-Manrodf, Golfsos. Dorfman, Di Peffo, Egberf, del Barco, Downing. Middle Row- Dixon, Liplcowifz. Fensferer, Fosfer, Dishuck, Early, Downs, Miller. Boffom Row-Gold, Gallery, Mendel, Deufsch, Fine, Fiedler. Told diTTiculTies. UnTold advanTages, however, were derived Trom This course TaughT so capably by ProT. Enders and The Messr. Sherman, Mueller, SzymanowiTz, and Tarr as evinced by The developmenT OT TalenT Tor scienTiTic invesTigaTionq alThough The developmenT oT These TalenTs was reTarded somewhaT when a Tew sTudenTs wiTh a nose Tor invesTigaTion opened a valve on a cylinder conTaining hydrogen sulphide gas. MaThemaTics was a consTanT source oT consTernaTion To many during Their Tresh- man year. Many Thanks areidue To Messrs. Tanzola, Taplin, Sheridan, MacLean, and Dr. McMackin Tor Their human aTTiTude Towards us. Vxfe hope ThaT The nexT Treshman class causes Them less Trouble. We all shall cerTainly look Torward To having These same Teachers Tor an advanced course in maThemaTics. The course in Engineering Drawing was an inTeresTing one and Tor ThaT we have To Thank Messrs. Salmonsen, l.angguTh, Currey, l.oTgren, and Puller. We hope ThaT our ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas did noT look Too much like The c:harTs oT a seismograph. IT our plaTes in orThographic proiecTions misrepresenTed The obiecTs please be assured ThaT by The Time we graduaTe liT we graduaTel we shall lwe hopel have learned The arT oT True proiecTion. The English DeparTrnenT and especially The Messrs. Riedel and Gorham have our TullesT Thanks Tor having developed in us lbuT oh! whaT a Taskl The meThod oT puncTu- aTing properly and oT speaking so ThaT we can be undersTood by oTher people besides ourselves. Many an evening was made inTeresTing by These insTrucTors. We hope our vulgarisms and our barbarisrns lin speech and oTherwisel have improved. To Those men oT The Treshman class who wiThsTood whaT seemed a barrage oT sTudy, congraTulaTions are due. To The unTorTunaTe Tew whose ouTside work did noT permiT oT suTTicienT Time Tor sTudy and who subsequenTly Took leave oT The school The class oTTers iTs regreTs and good wishes. i Top Row-Ellner, Hall, Handschu, Imbesi, Hanig, KilrninsTer. Middle Row-Hansen, HarTman, Kaercher, Gordon, Kahn, Axelrod, Kalashnikoltf, KaTz. BoTTom Row-Hilberi, Iversen, Johnson Hamel, Higgins, Kassman, Johnsen. If was proposed during fhe second meefing of fhe freshman council, fo hold some funcfion for fhe members of fhe immediafe and upper classes. A dance and enferfainmenf commiffee was organized consisfing of: Edgar Budden, chairman, Anfhony Ancona, Fred l-lamel, and Alfred Zelman. These men offered a quesfion- naire fo fhe class, which vofed greafly in favor of holding an informal dance. Several hofels were visifed by fhe commiffee men who chose fhe Beekman Towers, formerly fhe Pan-l-lellenic l-lofel, as a likely place for fhe affair. Affer having 'heard many orchesfras fhe commiffee in charge of fhe music, namely Anfhony Ancona, chairman, Edgar Budden, Fred l-lamel, and Alfred Zalman, selecfed Sidney Feller and his orch- esfra fo supply fhe music. The dance commiffee nexf invifed Dean Bafeman, fhe enfire freshman faculfy and members of fhe upper classes fo fhe gala affair. On January fwenfy-fiffh, fhe freshmen, sophomores and fheir friends mef on a ferpsichor- ean field of honor af fhe Beekman. Soff lighfs and sweef music revealed quife unexpecfedly fhaf our hard-working, sfudying brefhren were lighf-foofed as well. Affer a few hours of sfrenuous efforf on fhe parf of The Cooper Union's Fred Asfaires, fhe fired and somewhaf down- frodden laf leasf by fhe looks of fheir slippersl females were given a well earned respife in fhe form of professional enferfainmenf fendered by Mr. Paul Fernandez and charming ffo say fhe leasfl parfner. lncidenfally fhese same individuals are in- sfrucfors af fhe well known Arfhur Murray dance sfudios. Affer fhe exhibifion of fhe Tango, Rhumba and Walfz which was well received, fhe Class of 4I counfer affacked wifh a square dance-and fhen fhe fun began-Marfy Plum lalias Mr. Obiecfor fo fhe Frosh councill ran away wifh our presidenfs girl friend while AI was busy sfuffer- ing his announcemenf. Fred l-lamel lwho had been making love fo a boffle of wine lf?-71 insfead of fo his spousel lured Phil l-lagerfy's charming wife, Esfelle, fo fhe arena and climaxed fhe dance wifh a frip fo fhe slippery floorl Were fheir faces Top Row-Lincer, Lusckus, Luchun, Mai, Kremer, Korefz, Kossak, Koch, lv1cCarfhy. Boffom Row-Krohn, Lange, Lafour, Kovaleski, Budden, Konigsberg, lvlargolin, Banker, Lebowilz. redll Bob STewarT, whose passion for argumenf is well known To a goodly number of The class, showed himself quife adepT as a dancer of The Shag, a dance which he alone seems To know. A number of The more energeTic individuals feeling sorely in need of vifamins A To D inclusive iammed Themselves inTo a Taxi-cab lwiTh Fred Hamel and AI Zelman aT The boTTom of The pilel and proceeded To Child's Spanish Gardens where They monopolized a secTion of The resTauranT and parTook of such delicacies as They desired. Was ThaT a cream piTcher which Marion l-lamel was concealing under her evening wrap as The iovial parTy deparfed? lApologies To Mr. Winchell.l Thaf The affair was a success, goes wiThouT saying. Anfhony Ancona, who, in his posifion as class Treasurer, had confrol of The finances of The dance, can well aTTesT To This. lncidenTally, Tony's capable handling of The class accounfs and subsequenf bookkeeping meriTs him The grafeful Thanks of The freshman sTudenT body. The class is also indebfed To The PubliciTy CommiTTee which was composed of The Messrs. l-lamel, DeuTsch, Plum, and Weil. ,This commiTTee helped keep The enTire school posTed on The affairs of The freshmen. FrequenT reporTorial conTribuTions were made To The Pioneer by Them. IT is noTeworThy, by The way, Thaf The Pioneer received The compleTe supporT of The new men-Their enfhusiasm in The sc'hool's affairs was ofTen commenfed upon. As is cusfomary wiTh firsT year men, fraTerniTy bids were passed around To some of The sTudenTs. A few of The young men evenfually became pledgees in The various organizafions afTer being inTroducecl To The delighfs of fraT- ernify fellowship. . The brief respiTe from The long, hard grind ThaT came wiTh The Chrisfmas holi- days was appreciaTed by one and all, alfhough iT was rumored abouT ThaT several of The yearlings spenT a considerable amounT of The Time in sfudy. Congrafulafions are due To Julius Cohen for his ambifious spiriT. Julius finished Top Row-R. Richards, Palesiine, Meyer, Miffenhuber, Ohrensfein, Messerschmidf, CuTTler. Middle Row-Phillips, Morrison, Morrow, Nagoshiner, McLaughlin, McGee. BoTTom Row- Pesce, Paqdin, Kober, Plum, G. Richards, Sorenson. The nighT course oT The Cooper Union School oT ArchiTecTure and is now Taking a six year course in engineering. Good luck Juliusl Are you having Trouble wiTh your Lionel ElecTric Trainsu? See STephen Alessi -he works Tor The Lionel CorporaTion. Henry Blenk will have To conTend wiTh a greaT deal oT cuTTing in aT The annual dance. We have advance inTormaTion on l-lenry's girl Triend. Rumors have iT ThaT she is a very, very, preTTy damsel. l-low abouT iT l-lenry? Jack AlperT is repuTed To have a good line OT iokes. Ask him To Tell you The one abouT The Two Irishmen. PeTe l'larTman always seems To be peering ouT oT ThaT sevenTh Tloor window. l-low is The weaTher These days, PeTe? A pair oT boxing gloves oughT To be given To Wil l-liggins and Charlie l-larTman. They are always scrapping abouT someThing, iT seems. Cherchez la Temmel ehl boys? AT The close OT This, our TirsT year aT The Cooper Union iT would be well Tor us To pause Tor a rnornenT To recall some oT The admoniTions and words oT Dean BaTeman. ThaT we n'iusT sacriTice mosT oT our pleasures Tor our sTudies, we already know Trorn pasT experience. ThaT The course aT Cooperiis a diTTiculT one, is anoTher well known TacT. Looking Torward Then To Tive diTFiculT years, we would deTermine aT The ouTseT ThaT no maTTer how diTliculT The ensuing years may be, we are going To Tinish The iob ThaT we sTarTed. LeT us careTully plan our sTudies Trom now on and adhere To our plan. VVe musT Tace The TuTure wiTh opTimism and a will To do. OpTimism coupled wiTh incenTive and ambiTion -has always been and always will be The Torch Tor advance- menT. And so, as we leave our Treshman year behind us and look Torward To a Tour- monTh period oT resT and recreaTion leT us keep The Tollowing words oT a Tamous auThor in our minds: Top Row-Sachs, Sigman, SchwarTz, E. SrniTh, Springer, RoTh, Rosenblum. Middle Row- lvlaurin, Seckler, Skiba, Selman, Rullc, Rueb, Rozene, A. SmiTh, BruckenThal. BoTTom Row- Simachikewich, Simon, Spielman, Weil, SpecTor, Schneier, Vinci. lT'S ALL IN THE STATE OF MIND! IT you Think you are beaTen, you are: IT you Think you dare noT, you don'Tg IT you Think you'd like To win, buT you can'T, lT's almosT a cinch you won'T. IT you Think you'll lose, you've losT, For ouT in The world you'll Tind Success begins wiTh a Tellow's will- lT's all in The sTaTe OT mind. Full many a race is losT Ere even a race is run, And many a coward Tails Ere even his work's begun. Think big, and your deeds will grow, Think small and you Tali behind: Think ThaT you can, and you will, lT's all in The sTaTe oT mind. IT you Think you're ouTclassed, you are: You've goT To Think high To rise: You've goT To be sure oT yourselT beTore You can ever win a prize. LiTe's baTTle cloesn'T always go To The sTronger or TasTer man: BuT sooner or laTer, The man who wins ls The Tellow who Thinks he can. Top Row-STruyk, Maslow, Wernander, Wade, Tcback. Middle Row-Yamdolsky, WiemerT Wermer, Vxfoessner, Zakrofsky, Chadwick, Weissman, Sheinberq. BoTTom Row-WhiTe, Sfern M. Weiss, L. Weiss, Zelman, Wood, Zuck, Zuckerman. Cooper Tech I When firs+ I came Io Cooper I Ihoughr I Icnew ii' all, Bur afier I was There a while My pride had qui+e a fall. I found Ihai I musr siudy For many a weary year Before I am a gradualre And a heIIuvan engineer. CHORUS A heIIuva, helluva, helluva, helluva I'IeIIuvan engineer. A heIIuva, heIIuva, heIIuva, helluva I-IeIIuvan engineer. I found Ihai I musi' siudy For many a weary year Before I am a graduaie And a heIIuvan engineer. I I Oh send my son To Harvard! The dying moiher said. Bur if he goes Io Harvard I'd raiher see him dead. I'II send my son Io Cooper, I+'s Iaerier Ihan Cornell, Bur if he goes Io INI.Y.U. I'II see him Iirsi in heII. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING l-lFN Benjamin Franklin Tlew his Tamous lQiTe in Philadelphia in l760, he hardly comprehended The signiTicance and imporTance his dis- covery would have on The liTe oT TuTure generaTions. The uTiliza- Tion oT elecTric power has helped To ioin conTinenTs, To improve healTh, To provide leisure enTerTainmenT. The elecTrical engineer has Talcen ad- vanTage oT naTure's giTT oT elecTriciTy in more ways Than were ever imagined by TanTasTic wriTers describing phenomena oT The TuTure. The Telephone, Telegraph, radio, elecTric lighTing and heaTing, Talking picTures, elecTrical appliances, elecTric TreaTmenT oT disease, all These have become parT oT our everyday liTe. We show hardly more wonder aT such marvels as power Trom Niagara Falls, auTomaTic Tlying, The phoTo- elecTric eye. We accepT The Telephone as such an urgenT essenTial oT our busi- ness and social liTe ThaT we can hardly conceive oT a Time when iT was noT. DespiTe This, The aTTempT To carry voices Through The air was con- sidered Talse magic. This magic is now employed every minuTe, every hour, every day Trom New Yorlc To San Francisco, Trom London To Paris, Tor business negoTiaTions, inTernaTional diplomaTic conTerences, social discussions. The Telephone and The Telegraph have done even more Than The aero- plane Toward conguering Time and space. The inTerchange oT news and ThoughT beTween men in The TarThesT corners oT The earTh have been made possible by The worlc oT The elecTrical engineer in The improvemenT oT The invenTions oT Bell and Marconi, and more recenTly in ThaT marvelous insTrumenT oT educaTion and enTerTainmenT-The radio. The Radio CiTy l-leadguarTers oT The NaTional BroadcasTing Com- pany is The world's largesT broadcasTing planT. lT was designed and con- sTrucTed under The direcT supervision oT elecTrical engineers and embodies all oT The mosT recenT improvemenTs in The Technical eguipmenT oT The radio arT. ln addiTion To The sTudios and conTrol rooms, NBC's Radio CiTy headguarTers conTain a compleTe experimenTal laboraTory, where TesTs are consTanTly being conducTed in an eTTorT To improve exisTing eguipmenT and develop new and beTTer Technical devices. Police radio, aviaTion radio, marine radio, inTernaTional broadcasTing, have all presenTed separaTe diTTiculTies which The elecTrical engineer has adeguaTely solved. The elecTrical engineer no less Than The civil engineer is daily malcing naTure worlc Tor man. The greaT scenic splendor oT Niagara Falls is oT minor imporTance as compared To iTs signiTicance as an indusTrial agenT. The power Trom The Falls is TransmiTTed by high Tension lines. I32,000 volTs exTending as Tar as New Rochelle. Modern elecTric eguipmenT has made pracTicable The developmenT oT waTer power which in The pasT could noT be used on accounT oT high producTion cosTs. ln The use oT sTeam power Tor elecTriciTy remarkable achievemenTs have also been realized. Nowhere is This greaT achievemenT beTTer ex- empliTied Than in The growTh oT The l-ludson Avenue sTaTion oT The Brook- lyn Edison Company. STarTed in I922 wiTh The Then highly courageous inTenTion oT an ulTimaTe growTh To 400,000 kilowaTTs in eighT uniTs oT 50,000 each, Today Tinds iT The world's largesT sTeam power planT wiTh a capaciTy oT 770,000 kilowaTTs. l-ludson Avenue sTaTion is The basic source oT power Tor The Borough oT Brooklyn and in addiTion, Through inTerconnecTion wiTh The oTher sTa- Tions oT The meTropoliTan area, can Turnish power To The Borough oT Queens and To lower lVlanhaTTan. lT is The chieT source oT power and lighT Tor The Two and one-halT million people in Brooklyn. Thus, The condiTions under which The sTaTion is operaTed are very exacTing as To conTinuiTy, Treguency, volTage and load conTrol. IT is indicaTive oT The skill oT The engineer ThaT The sTaTion Today conTaining 770,000 kilowaTT capaciTy, does noT exrend beyond The walls originally seT To include 400,000 kilo- waTT capaciTy, The operaTion OT This Tremendous planT is an excellenT example oT ciTy elecTriTicaTion. Rural elecTriTicaTion is anoTher problem Tor The engineer. The elec- Trical engineer shares honors wiTh The civil engineer on The TVA proiecT. l-lere we see a unigue developmenT oT rural elecTriTicaTion. As an ex- ample oT whaT is being done, The hisTory oT The Alcorn CounTy ElecTric Power AssociaTion is brieTly relaTed. Alcorn CounTy in norTheasTern lvlississippi, seT up a counTy-wide cooperaTive power disTribuTion sysTem in June I934. The signiTicanT conTribuTion oT Alcorn CounTy's coopera- Tive is iTs policy oT supplying power To Tarmers aT raTes idenTical wiTh Those charged The urban residenTs oT The counTy. WiTh raTes down approximaTely 50 percenT, residenTial consumpTion in .Alcorn CounTy climbed Trom an average oT 49.4 kilowaTT-hours per monTh To 83.3 kilo- waTT-hours in The TirsT six monThs. The consumpTion is sTill climbing. There seems To be no end To The ramiTicaTions oT The work oT The elecTrical engineer. lnauguraTion by The Pennsylvania Railroad oT Through elecTriTied passenger Train service beTween New York and WashingTon will bring very nearly To compleTion The mosT exTensive elecTriTicaTion proiecT in TransporTaTi,on hisTory. The program embraces elecTric opera- Tion oT boTh TreighT and passenger Trains over 225 miles oT main line, on which TraTTic in boTh branches oT The service is exTremely heavy and highly imporTanT. Cpe'raTion oT The TreighT Trains all The way Through by elecTric power is planned To Tollow closely The inauguraTion oT The elecT'riTied passenger service. V Yun UN.. 'QIQQQ' ' v-W 'f Ellen rf? Q Q 0 on 1 'Li 1 x. x is mu. -'VI- Av. its X. X I x I fffw x1 I Belore enlering upon an underlaking ol such rnagnilude and lar- reaching consequence, exlensive and lhorough sludies were made, ex- lending over a number ol years. Consideralion was given nol only lo lhe generally known characlerislics ol elecl'ric operalion and lheir re- lalion lo condilions along lhe roule ilsell, bul also lo lhe lransporlalion and induslrial silualion in lhe enlire easlern parl ol lhe Uniled Slales. Eleclrilicalion ol lhe Pennsylvania Railroad belween New York and Washinglon enables lhe railroad lo overcome condilions peculiar lo lhis seclion ol lhe counlry, where densily ol lrallic lhrough populous le'rri- lory makes il more economical lo increase lhe capacily ol lhe railroad lor lhe lulure by eleclrilying lhan by building addilional roadway laci- lilies lo provide lor lhe growlh ol business over many years lo come. ln addilion, eleclrilicalion makes possible subslanlially lower operaling cosls lor each lrain moved one mile. Eleclrical engineering has inlluenced lhe lields ol communicalion, ol lransporlalion and lravelg il has enlered business and lhe home, il is imporlanl in work and play, il concerns lhe lechnician and lhe housewile: il is essenlial in heallh and sickness. As we look back on whal has been accomplished by lhe eleclrical engineer, il seems incredible lhal lhere are many more possibililies which he sees as commonplaces in lhe lulure. ll is dillicull lor lhe layman lo conceive ol more exlensive applicalions ol eleclrical power. And yel, in lhe lields ol agricullure and biology, lor example, lhe eleclrical engineer has barely louched lhe surlace. As lhe eleclrical engineer looks lo lhe lulure, he sees, perhaps wilhin lhe lilelime ol lhis generalion lhe perleclion ol lelevision. For example, while lhey cannol predicl lhe dale ol lhe advenl ol praclical lelevision broadcasling, RCA has made exlensive plans lor ils arrival. The sludio seclion ol RCA is honeycombed wilh ducls lh'rough which lhe wiring lor sighl programs can be run, and lhe lighling eguipmenl is capable ol carrying lhe exlra load which lelevision will require. RCA believes lhal lhe Uniled Slales is lurlher advanced scienli- lically in lhe developmenl ol lelevision lhan any olher counlry in lhe world. RCA is now engaged in a lhree-poinl plan, lo lake lelevision oul ol lhe laboralory lor ils lirsl comprehensive lield lesls. The sleps ol lhis plan are lo eslablish lhe lirsl modern lelevision lransmilling slalion in lhe Uniled Slales lo manulaclure a limiled number ol receivers lor placemenl al slralegic poinls olobservalion. The eleclrical engineer can lruly be called a modern genie. l-le has made sound lransmission nol subiecl lo lhe limilalions ol spaceg wilh lhe perleclion ol lelevision, sighl lransmission will make dislance and isolalion obsolele lerms. ' FEATURES OOKING Through The TeaTure secTion, one is amazed aT The widely varying acTiviTies OT The graduaTes OT The Cooper Union. From deTecTive To lawyer, salesman To engineer, carToonisT To sculpTor, They seem To have enTered info all Tields oT endeavor. This variaTion oT vocaTion gives sTrong prooT OT The soundness and Thoroughness oT The courses oT sTudy given in The Engineering and ArT Schools oT The Cooper Union. The Training given The sTudenTs seems To TiT Them Tor many Tields oTher Than The ones Tor which They originally prepare. Our graduaTes have broughT honor To Themselves and Their Alma MaTerl ENGINEERING ALUMNI O CARRY ouT our Theme, we have gaThered inTormaTion Trom all over The counTry concerning graduaTes oT The Cooper Union Engineering Schools. We presenT This inTeresTing daTa so ThaT you may Take pride in Their achievemenls. ArI'hur L. BoITizar Took his degree as Mechanical Engineer wiTh The General Science Class OT I926. Following This, he Took courses aT nighT in heaTing, venTilaTing, elecTriciTy, and gas engineering aT Brooklyn PolyTechnic InsTiTuTe. Mr. BolTizar is a member oT The American SocieTy oT Mechanical Engineers and oT The New York STaTe SocieTy oT ProTessional Engineers, Kings CounTy ChapTer, receiving his license as proTessional engineer Trom New York STaTe in I934. I-Ie is aT presenT employed as SuperinTendenT in The Engineering DeparTmenT oT Kings CounTy Llghring Company, Brooklyn. rThur Henry GoeTz, a member oT The class oT l909, received his degree oT Bachelor oT Science Trom The General Science course oT The Cooper Union. I-le is now a member OT The Tirm oT STouT and Company, New York CiTy, and on The New York STock Exchange. Waldemar Mor'I'ensen, Today an insTrucTor in The NaTionaI Brewers Academy oT New York CiTy, received his degree oT Civil Engineer wiTh The General Science Class oT I892. Since his graduaTion he has specialized in The consTrucTion oT breweries, ice planTs, abaTToirs, and reTrigeraTion planTs., AlmosT every sTaTe in The EasT has been The scene oT his acTiviTies. Mr. MorTensen has been considered a Brewery ArchiTecT and Engineer since I893 and Took his own oTTice in I902 as a consulTing engineer. ' William Henry Cherry received a B.S. degree in l89l and a C.E. degree in I903 as a resulT of posT-graduaTe courses. ATTer having served as Divisional Engineer Tor The DeparTmenT oT Docks Tor 44 years, Mr. Cherry is now in reTiremenT. I-le has esTablished The relaTion oT lvIosman's TrianguIaTion OT GreaTer New York To The Dock DeparTmenT sysTem oT reclangular coordinaTes, so ThaT by means oT Tormulae all coordinaTed monumenTs in The Tive boroughs could be converTed inTo The Dock DeparTmenT sysTern. This meanT ThaT The monumenTs esrablished by The several Topo- graphic DeparTmenTs, The monumenTs oT The Jamaica Bay Commission, and The New York STaTe ConservaTion Commission could be used by The DeparTmenT of Docks in waTerTronT work. Mr. Cherry has also been acTive in The design and consTrucTion oT derricks, scows, pile drivers, and oTher sTrucTures relaTive To docks. i ATTer graduaTing Trom The General Science course in l9l7, l Edward D. Fox Took courses in The UniversiTy OT Wisconsin, including STrucTural Analysis and Design, STaTically lndeTer- minaTe STrucTures, Analysis and Design OT Rigid Frames, and Analysis and Design OT Curved Members. l-le wenT To The John l lunTingTon PolyTechnic lnsTiTuTe Trorn i932 To I934 and was engaged as STrucTural Designer wiTh Erie Railroad Company in Cleveland, Ohio. l-le designed num- erous piers, warehouses, railroad and highway bridges, and viaducTs. In recenT years his work has been connecTed mainly wiTh large grade crossing eliminaTiOn proiecTs. avid V. B Conley received his Civil Engineering degree Trom The Cooper Union in I896. l-lis acTiviTies in engineering have been many, buT mosT impOrT- anT was his posiTiOn wiTh Lange and Noska. While employed here, he assisTed in The designing OT many well-known sTrucTures. Among These are: The New Yorker l-loTel, The Williamsburg Savings Bank, The COnTinenTal Bank Building, and The Riverside Church. In The pasT year, he also designed several pOsT OTTices Tor The U. S. Treasury DeparTmenT, ProcuremenT Division. Francis G. Cosmen graduaTed Trom The Civil Engineering course in I927 and received his PrOTessional Engineering License Trom I!! The STaTe OT New York on June IO, I93O. AT presenT he is an AssisTanT Engineer wTih The Bureau OT lnvesTigaTiOn and STaTisTics, a f DeparTmenT OT Finance, CiTy OT New York. ln This capaciTy he y invesTigaTes consTrucTiOn in accordance wiTh plans and speciTica- Tions, OT hospiTals, schools, Tire houses, and OTher public buildings. ' ,M l-ie received his POsT GraduaTe Degree OT Civil Engineer Trom Cooper Union in June, l933. NE OT The members OT The General Science Class OT l907 was George D. Moore. In The course OT his inTeresTing career, he has been PresidenT OT The CasualTy AcTuarial SOcieTy during The years I928 TO i930 and is now PresidenT OT The Asso- ciaTion OT CasualTy and SureTy AccounTanTs and STaTisTicians. Mr. Moore also holds The pOsiTion OT COmpTrOller OT The STandard SureTy and CasualTy Company OT New York. ln i905 George P. Eberlin graduaTed Trom The General Science course OT The Cooper Union. During The nexT Two years he Took posT-graduaTe work aT Brooklyn POlyTechnic lnsTiTuTe. ShOrTly aTTer graduaTion, The WesTern ElecTric Company recognized his value and honored him wiTh The posiTiOn OT Supervisor OT CenTral OTTice lnsTallaTion in New York STaTe, New Jersey, and ConnecTi- cuT. ln June i927 he was TransTerred To The Long lsland Area. In This TerriTOry he has The sole supervision OT all Manual and Dial CenTral OTTice lnsTallaTiOn done by The WesTern ElecTric Company. A graduaTe OT i903 Trom The General Science course, Mr. Charles Kenison has noThing buT The highesT esTeem Tor The Training he received in The Cooper Union. De- ciding ThaT his TalenT Tended more Toward The legal raTher Than The Technical direcTion, he enTered The New York Law School and graduaTed in I9I2 wiTh The LLB. degree, and in a posT-graduaTe course he received The l.L.D. degree. l-le also aTTended New York UniversiTy Tor ConsTiTuTional l.aw aTTer which he enTered The American Bar AssociaTion. During The war, Mr. Kenison helped as lawyer on draTT law. I-IE laTe Charles H. J. Dilg was a graduaTe oT The General Science course in 1889 and received his diploma oT Mechanical Engineer in l895. He launched ouT inTo business Tor himselT in The manuTacTure oT special machinery Tor The panTries and kiTchens oT caTering esTablishmenTs, including clubs, hoTels, railroads, resTauranTs, and sTeamships. ln The course oT Twelve years he had builT up a Tlourishing business, buT The GreaT War played havoc wiTh his TurTher progress by calling away his good mechanics and by making iT diTTiculT To geT maTerials needed Tor The consTrucTion oT machines. Under such diTTiculTies, which conTinued Tor The duraTion oT The war and The Tollowing years oT reconsTrucTion, The business Tailed To make any advancing sTrides, as a resulT oT which he Turned his aTTenTion To The purchase, improvemenT, remodeling, and sale oT real esTaTe in which he became very successTul. Among Mr. Dilg's many inTeresTs was a sTrong desire Tor invenTing, and he has To his crediT several paTenTs on ball-bearing reTainers, The oscillaTing moTion Tor elecTric Tans, kniTe cleaning and polishing machines, meaT cuTTing machines, and The mosT recenT paTenTs on Two invenTions have been granTed as laTe as I934. Being a member oT The JeTTerson l.iTerary SocieTy, he developed his liTerary Trend by ediTing and pub- lishing Tor a period oT TiTTeen years a house organ conTaining original epigrams, essays, humor, and poeTry, which enioyed a naTion-wide circulaTion under The name oT The Dilg Adviser. OLLOWING graduaTion as Mechanical Engineer in l924 Trom The Cooper Union Mr. Edwin H. DaTTer Took a business course aT The Alexander l-lamilTon lnsTiTuTe in l928. CompleTing his edu- caTion, he has builT up a repuTaTion as an engineer in air condi- Tioning. He designed and had charge oT The insTallaTion OT The largesT insTallaTion OT air condiTioning prior To 1935-The J. L. l-ludson DeparTmenT STore in DeTroiT, Michigan-The conTracT ToTalling S750,000.00. l-le has designed and insTalled many large TheaTre air condiTioning sysTems ThroughouT The counTry. Mr. DaTTer now has direcT charge and responsibiliTy oT all engineering Tor The Carrier Engineering CorporaTion oT Philadelphia in Their souTheasTern disTricT. T-le has been wiTh This corporaTion since I9I7 and now holds The posiTion OT DisTricT ChieT Engineer. Mr. DaTTer declares, l give To The Cooper Union a large share oT The crediT for whaTever success l may have had. Upon graduaTing Trom Cooper Union Engineering School, Mr. Erich Hausmann conTinued 'his sTudies aT The PoIyTechnic lnsTiTuTe OT Brooklyn during The years I907 and IQO8, receiving his degree as ElecTrical Engineer. This was Tollowed by a graduaTe sTudy in Physics aT New York UniversiTy, i908-l9l l, receiving y degrees OT lviasTer OT Science in l9lO and DOcTor OT POlyTechnic lnsTiTuTe OT Brooklyn since I908, and aT presenT holds The posiTion OT Dean OT GraduaTe STudy and PrOTessOr OT Physics and ElecTrical COmmunicaTiOn. l'le is also chairman OT The New York STaTe Board OT Examiners OT PrOTessiOnal Engineers and Land Surveyors. Mr. Hausmann, despiTe his many duTies, has Taken Time OuT TO auThOr The Tollowing TexTbOOks: Telegraph Engineering and Dynamo ElecTric Machinery. l-le has also cOllabOraTed on DirecT-currenT Machines, AlTer- naTing-currenT Machines, ElecTric TracTiOn and Transmission Engineering, Physics LabOraTOry ExperimenTs and Physics AT The same Time he is ediTOr OT SwOope's Lessons in PracTical ElecTriciTy and Radio-phone Receiving. Science in I9I I. l-le has been connecTed wiTh The heodore Lewis Buser donned his cap and gown in The year I926, having compleTed The General Science course aT The Cooper Union. l-le is now apply- ing his TalenTs in The CenTral DraTTing OT-Tice OT The Bureau OT COnsTrucTion and Repair in The Brooklyn Navy Yard. alTer B. Langbein, a graduaTe OT The I93l Class in General Science, re- ' ceived his B.S. degree and cOnTinued his sTudies wiTh posT-graduaTe work in The PolyTechnic lnsTiTuTe OT Brooklyn Trom i932 To l935. Being employed as Junior Hydraulic Engineer under U. S. Geological Survey, he has been engaged in research in Hydraulics and l-lydrology. MONG The members OT The graduaTing class OT l924, General Science course, Sidney R. Brown received his B.S. degree in Civil Engineering. AT The presenT Time he holds The posiTion OT STrucTural Designer wiTh The Board OT TransporTaTiOn, CiTy OT New York. One OT The many successTul graduaTes OT The ElecTrical Engineering course, class OT l926, Clifford A. Rodd has been employed Tor The lasT ThirTeen years by The Brooklyn Union Gas Company, and in This Time has elevaTed himselT To The posiTion OT SuperinTendenT's AssisTanT aT The CiTizens PlanT. ln This capaciTy he has cOmpleTely re-designed This planT and parTially designed The presenT GreenpOinT PlanT. AT presenT he is in charge OT producTiOn aT The CiTizens PlanT. Since his graduaTiOn Trom Cooper Union he has sTudied Gas Engineering and ChemisTry aT Brooklyn POlyTechnic i lnsTiTuTe and Euel Technology and Radio CommunicaTion aT Columbia. l-le is also PresidenT OT The POlyTechnic Alumni Gas Engineering SOcieTy. Following his graduaTion in i920 Trom The course in Civil Engineering, Charles Jellinek Took posT-graduaTe work wiTh The Brooklyn Edison Company, sTudy- ing Power PlanT OperaTion, AccounTing and Pub- lic UTiliTy Economics, and oTher allied subiecTs. He was inspecTor on consTrucTion oT sewage disposal sysTem Tor The Borough oT DowningTon, Pennsylvania: ' - draTTsman on l.R.'l'. power house and sub-sTaTion layouT Tor New York Edison Company: chieT oT parTy on consTrucTion oT roads and waTer lines around CovingTon, KenTucky: chieT oT parTy on consTrucTion OT roads and waTer lines in Akron Ohio: and designer oT oleTails Tor l.oew's STaTe TheaTre, New York CiTy. He enTered The employ oT The Brooklyn Edison Company where he progressed Trom draTTsman To Divisional Engineer oT The Design Bureau oT The Mechanical Engineering DeparTmenT. Mr. Jellinek collaboraTed in The design and consTrucTion oT The Hudson Avenue GeneraTing STaTion, Brooklyn: in The design oT various sub-sTaTions and oTher buildings: preparaTion OT speciTicaTions, cosT esTimaTes, budgeTs, cosT analyses, and special reporTs. ln l902 Samuel Levisohn Took his degree as Bachelor oT A T Science, graduaTing Trom The General Science course oT The 'sf a i ' 'A' Cooper Union. Deciding ThaT he, perhaps, would make a Gsreiiflxfvim greaTer success as a lawyer Than as an engineer, he enTered L 4Q36i,f i wvqg New York Law School in i903 and Three years laTer received T X his l.l..B. degree. The Tollowing year, I907, he was aclmiTTed E -.ff T To The bar. Mr. Levisohn is now engaged in law pracTice. illiam H. BerTram received his B.S. wiTh The General Science Class oT l909. ln IQI6, he appeared aT The CommencemenT Exercises To receive his degree oT Civil Engineer. Working as an engineer in The DeparTmenT oT Sewers oT New York CiTy, he has held The posiTion oT Engineer-in-Charge oT Sewer Design Tor The Borough oT Queens since I928. Louis J. BorsTelmann, a graduaTe oT The General Science course in l9l6 and The Civil Engineering course in T926 has had a varied career since his graduaTion. He has been employed as an AssisTanT Engineer wiTh The New York Subways, a ResidenT Engineer aT Camp Zachary Taylor, ChieT PlanT EsTimaTor wiTh The Emergency EleeT Corp., PlanT Engineer wiTh The l.iberTy Shipbuilding Co., and a Eield Engineer wiTh The PorTland CemenT AssociaTion. Mr. BorsTelmann is a RegisTered Professional Engineer, a mem- T ber oT The A.S.C.E., an Engineer Member oT The SocieTy oT American lvliliTary Engineers, and a member oT The PorTland CemenT AssociaTion. Charles Goodman received his degree oT Civil Engineer Trom The Cooper Union in l905. From IQO4 To I9l6 he was employed by The CiTy oT New York, advancing himselT Through Rodman, DraTTsman, Leveler, AssisTanT Engineer, and, iusT beTore resigning, To AssisTanT Division Engineer. Upon resigning, he became Works Manager Tor The l'leyman and Goodman Company in which he was also a parTner. ln This posiTion, he conTrolled The consTrucTion oT Three large subways in New York CiTy and Philadelphia. l-le was also The consulTing engineer Tor Three subsidiary companies, which consTrucTed Tive secTions OT subway in New York CiTy. l-lis imporTance as a consTrucTion engineer can be seen Trom The TacT ThaT The subway consTrucTions on which he worked were valued pasT S50,000,000. ln i929 and i930 Charles Goodman, as a consTrucTor and owner, erecTed buildings in New York CiTy worTh approximaTely SI0,000,000. HE varied and acTive professional career oT ChesTer Mueller began wiTh his graduaTion Trom The General Science course aT Cooper Union in I924. l-le received his degree oT Civil Engineer Trom Cooper Union. Meanwhile Mr. Mueller had branched ouT inTo law wiTh The purpose oT pracTicing boTh proTessions and received The degree oT LL.B. in l927 Trom The New Jersey Law School. In i932- l933 he compleTed a graduaTe course in PaTenT Law aT New York UniversiTy. l'le is a member oT The New Jersey Bar, aT The same Time holding his license as a proTes- sional engineer in ThaT sTaTe. AT various Times he has conTribuTed To The proceedings OT The American SocieTy oT Civil Engineers and To currenT Technical magazines. ProTessionally busy Though he may be, Mr. Mueller does noT TorgeT his civic re- sponsibiliTies, holding a commission as CapTain in The U. S. Army Reserve in The Ordinance DeparTmenT. l-le is also a member oT The Essex CounTy Bar AssociaTion, a direcTor oT The Newark Municipal Engineers Club and oT The Essex CounTy ChapT'er oT The New Jersey AssociaTion oT ProTessional Engineers and Land Surveyors, and a member oT The Army Ordinance AssociaTion. ,,V- i gi -- ri- In l9I7, The General Science course oT The Cooper Union IJLLT, graduaTed a man who laTer became a well-known consTruc- T E Tion engineer. This man's name is Dominic J. Ermilio. l-Te lr: Took a posT-graduaTe course aT Brooklyn PolyTechnic lnsTi- TuTe.during-1923 and I9?4. Mr. Ermilio has been specializ- A y Il ing in building consTrucTion Tor The pasT sixTeen years as a T FT. consTrucTion engineer. While employed as engineer on I 1 Se- The consTrucTion oT concreTe piers, he invenTed The meThods ,7yffil,--1.-- e and apparaTus Tor placing concreTe sheeT piles, Tor which Alfs f H h he received a paTenT on February I2, l924. AT presenT Mr. Ermilio is gaining crediT Tor himselT and The Cooper Union as consTrucTion engineer Tor Pellacchia ConsTrucTion Company which is building The BordenTown Prison in New Jersey. ln I9lO The Cooper Union besTowed on William Gold- smiTh a degree in Civil Engineering. Since Then he has become a licensed proTessional engineer. As Dis- TricT Engineer oT The Pangasinan Province oT The Philippine Islands, he received TirsT prize Tor consTrucT- ing The besT sysTem oT TirsT class roads. As a direcT resulT oT experimenTs he made, New York CiTy sewers were made available Tor The disposal oT snow. Since l92O he has been General Manager oT WoodcresT ConsTrucTion Company, lnc., which, among oTher proiecTs, consTrucTed Floyd BenneTT AirporT. llsworTh LuTher Mills was graduaTed Trom The Civil Engineering course oT The Cooper Union in l9lO. Erom l905 To l9l3 he was AssisTanT Engineer Tor The Grand CenTral Terminal lmprovemenTs and ElecTriTicaTion. l-le was also engineer in charge oT Design and ConsTrucTion oT Track work Tor The New York Subway and ElevaTed SysTem Trom l9l3 To l9l8. Various Technical papers have been wriTTen by him. AT presenT Mr. Mills is Vice PresidenT oT The BasTian-Blessing Company oT Chicago, lll. l As a member oT The Cooper Union graduaTing class oT l9l2, ArThur R. Jensen received his Bachelor oT Science degree in Me- chanical Engineering. ln l9l7 he received his M. E. degree as a resulT oT posT-graduaTe sTudy aT The Brooklyn PolyTechnic lnsTiTuTe. Since l906 he has been Teaching Physics and ElecTriciTy aT The Hebrew Technical lnsTiTuTe. Mr. Jensen is now head OT The Science DeparTmenT OT This same lnsTiTuTe, Teaching Applied ElecTriciTy and Radio. oberT C. Coffin, a graduaTe oT The Class oT l9lO in The General Science course, re-enrolled aT Cooper Union Tor a special ElecTrical course and received his E.E. in l9l4. l-le is employed aT presenT as ChieT Sales Engineer in The Blue Coal CorporaTion oT New Jersey. AnThony J. Daino was graduaTed Trom The Cooper Union in l9IO and received his C.E. degree aT ThaT , Time. l-le Took posT-graduaTe courses aT Brooklyn PolyTechnic lnsTiTuTe and laTer aT Teachers' College. As presidenT oT The SlaTTery-Daino Company, lnc., oT New York, he has direcTed and supervised The building OT Three CiTy subways amounTing To Sl2,000,000.00. On This work, Mr. Daino was ChieT Engineer and General Manager responsible Tor The designing oT The Temporary sTreeT decking sysTems, side-bank shoring meThods, under-pinning oT buildings, and The general superinTendence oT consTrucTion work. GRADUATE of The General Science course oT The Cooper Union in l89O, Daniel B. Gooclsell has a long lisT oT proiecTs To his crediT since l894, aT which daTe he sTarTed as AssisTanT To The CiTy Engineer, Yonkers. The Tollowing is a lisT oT his appoinTmenTs: 1897-l9l7, in responsible charge oT paving work Tor Borough oT ManhaTTan: l9l7-l92O, Highway Engineer oT ConsTrucTion Division aT WashingTon, D. C.: I92O-23, Service Engineer, PorTland CemenT AssociaTion: I924, Senior High- way lnspecTor, Pennsylvania STaTe Highways: l925, Engineer on erecTion OT Columbia Power House: l925-3l, supervising consTrucTion oT bridges Tor Allegheny CounTy, Pennsylvania, as an assisTanT engineer. Mr. Goodsell also aTTended a course in Highway Engineering aT Columbia UniversiTy. I Illimwrliylignnlngymiynmiiimimmmirnimli ,l.ll'lIlllllllllHl ET? fjffii l u llllll One oT The graduaTes oT The Cooper Union who has sTarred in The mining proTession is RoberT E. CrockeTT. He grad- uaTed in l9I9 Trom The General Science course and shorTly ThereaTTer was employed by The Alan Wood Mining Com- pany. He advanced himselT sTeadily so ThaT aT The presenT Time he holds The posiTion oT SuperinTendenT oT The Dover Division in Dover, New Jersey. Mr. CrockeTT is a co-wriTer oT arTicles in The Engineering and Mining Journal Tor The monThs oT April, May, June, and July I932, on MeThods oT Mining and Milling The EasTern MagneTiTes. He is also The invenTor oT The new Submerged BelT ConcenTraTor Tor MagneTic lron Gres. MONG Those do-ing design, research and TesTing work in The Brooklyn Edison Company we noTe a gracluaTe OT and aT presenT an insTrucTor in The Cooper Union, Werner O. EnTenmann. Erom The Time he received his B.S. in l92O To l924 when he enTered inTo The posiTion which he now holds, he has been in The employ oT The New York STeam CorporaTion as an assisTanT Engineer, oT The Duquesne l.ighT Company in PiTTsburgh, oT The CombusTion Engineering CorporaTion as a Service Engineer, and oT The Paper UTiliTies CorporaTion. He is an AssociaTe Member oT The A.S.M.E. and a TraTer in Sigma Alpha Pi. Harold Burcl CaTlin was graduaTed as a Bachelor oT Science in s i I9lO and Took a year oT posT-graduaTe sTudy aT Columbia Uni- versiTy. ln l9l5, he was given his Civil Engineering Degree by The Cooper Union. The various posiTions he held since leaving here make guiTe a long lisT. He was TransiTman and draTTsman Tor Yonkers WaTer VVorks: in charge oT parTy, and draTTsman Tor TenaTly Drainage Commission: Topographical draTTsman Tor New York Public Service Commission and Brooklyn Bureau oT Sewers: residenT engineer aT Hammond STeel Company, Syracuse: eTTi- ciency engineer, lnTernaTional Nickel Company oT Canada: appraisal experT, Bureau oT AircraTT ConsTrucTion, U. S. Army: AssisTanT ChieT Engineer oT NaTional ConduiT and Cable Company. Since I92I, he has been AssisTanT ChieT Engineer and Design- ing Engineer Tor The NaTional Sugar ReTining Company oT New Jersey. Mr. Carlin is a member oT The A.S.C.E., New York STaTe and NaTional SocieTy OT ProTessional Engineers, and is a regisTered Professional Engineer oT New York STaTe. John Charles Riedel, a graduaTe oT The General Science course oT 1898, received his Civil Engineering Degree in ICIO4. Erom I898 To I935, he was assisTanT To ProTessor William A. AnThony oT The DeparTmenT oT ElecTrical Engi- neering oT The Cooper Union Tor nine years, and held The posiTions oT Physics lnsTrucTor and Mechanics l.ecTurer Tor TwenTy-seven years in The NighT School oT Engineering. Mr. Riedel has achieved unusual success in his profession, working Tor The Edison Companies, serving as Engineer oT Design Tor The Brooklyn Bureau oT Sewers, and Tinally as DepuTy ChieT Engineer oT The New York CiTy Board oT EsTimaTe and Ap- porTionmenT. l-le is a member oT The A.S.C.E., and The American AssociaTion Tor AdvancemenT OT Science. PasT PresidenT oT The Municipal Engineers oT New York, Brooklyn Engineers' Club, Cooper Union Alumni EederaTion, and The New York AssociaTion oT Engineers, he is now presidenT OT The New York STaTe SocieTy OT ProTessional Engineers. Mr. Riedel has wriTTen various magazine arTicles and has received numerous prizes Tor Technical papers on Sewer SysTems. N ADDITION To graduaTing from The Civil Engineering General Science course oT The Cooper Union in I909, Morris Freed was awarded his B.S. degree by The Uni- versiTy oT SouThern CaliTornia in l9l7, also receiving The High School Teacher's credenrial in The same year. l-le has been Teaching science and maThemaTics in The Los Angeles l-ligh School since I9I7. While aTTending The Cooper Union NighT School OT Engineering, P. J. MagIia+o was employed as Engineering AssisTanT wiTh The Board OT TransporTaTion oT The CiTy oT New York. l-le graduaTed wiTh a degree oT Civil Engineer in I933. During The pasT Three years he has been esTablishing an ever increasing and appreciaTive clienTele as an insurance invesTigaTor and underwriTer, in which proTession he sTaTes, l am proud To say ThaT The Engineering Training l received aT The Cooper Union has been very useTul. arry l. Krellen is a graduaTe oT The Mechanical Engineering course, class oT l92O. l'le is employed aT presenT in The olTice OT Engineer oT Rolling STock, oT The New York CenTral SysTem. l-le has made a considerable invesTigaTion oT Railroad Engineering Personnel. amuel Gisser was graduared as a Civil Engineer Trom The General Science Class oT l9l8. l-le is aT presenT among The Thousands oT men employed in The Engineering Division oT The New York STaTe DeparTmenT oT Public Works. John W. ArmbrusTer was graduaTed in l927 Trom The Cooper Union NighT School oT Engineering, receiving The degree oT Bachelor OT Science in Mechanical Engineering. l'le is direcTly responsible Tor many imporTanT improvemenTs in banking and ac- counTing machines. Nursing a secreT yearning Tor legal work, he sTudied law and is now PaTenT ATTorney wiTh The lnTernaTional Business Machine Company in New York, The largesT organizaTion oT iTs kind in The world. The Civil Engineering course which WalTer Jackson com- pleTed aT The Cooper Union in I905, receiving his B.S. degree, gave him a solid ToundaTion upon which To build. ln l902, Two years aTTer enTering The Cooper Union, he sTarTed a sevenTeen-year career on The ElecTric Railway Journal lnow TransiT Journall, successively occupying The posiTions oT assisTanT ediTor, Technical ediTor, associaTe edi- Tor, business manager, and managing ediTor. Since l9l9, he has specialized as a consulTanT on elecTric railway, moTor if T bus TransiT, and maTTers relaTive To TransporTaTion raTes. FTER graduaTing Trom The General Science course in Mechanical Engineering wiTh The Class oT I908, William I. FosTer reTurned To receive a B.S. in ElecTrical Engineering in l9I I. I-le also Took a course aT New York UniversiTy in l9l6 on Sewage TreaTmenT and Disposal. Since Then he has parTicipaTed in boTh The design and The consTrucTion oT medium and large-sized engineering proiecTs. l-le laTer de- voTed his Time and aTTenTion To The invenTory and appraisal oT indusTrial and publTc uTiliTy properTies. T-le is aT presenT employed as an engineer aT AllenTown, Pennsyl- vania. Mr. EosTer is an AssociaTe Member oT The American SocieTy oT Mechanical Engineers. Gerald C. Glaser received his diploma wiTh The Class oT 1927, having compleTed The General Science course. T-le received his C.E. degree Trom The Cooper Union in The year l93l. For The pasT seven years, he has been employed as Principal AssisTanT To The ChieT Engineer by The SlaTTery-Daino Company, Inc. Being a skilled engineer, he has been engaged in The consTrucTion oT rapid TransiT subways Tor The CiTy oT New York under conTracT wiTh The SlaTTery-Daino Company, Inc., Subway ConTracTors. Upon graduaTing Trom The Cooper Union General Science course in l9I3 and receiving boTh a B.S. and an M.E. de- gree, J. O. Arkebauer aTTended Columbia UniversiTy l9!3- I4 and Brooklyn PolyTechnic lnsTiTuTe T924-26. AT presenT, he is carrying on his own business as ConsulTing Engineer and Marine Surveyor, in addiTion To being sales engineer Tor several well-known Tirms. As an oTTicer oT The U. S. Navy, February If?l7 To November l9l9, he served as Machinery InspecTor in The PorT oT New York and was in general charge oT all classes OT recondiTioning and TiTTing ouT oT vessels. He holds licenses as chieT engineer and as proTessional engineer. When l-lonorably ReTired OcTober I, 1935, he held The rank oT LieuTenanT Commander in The U. S. Naval Reserve and in The New York STaTe Naval MiliTia. HeaThcoTe W. Lawson was graduaTed wiTh The Cooper i Union l9l2 Class oT General Science. As a specialisT in sTrucTural design oT welded sTeel sTrucTures, he recenTly supervised The erecTion oT The all welded Bascule Bridge. He has been a Design and ErecTion 'Engineer oT numerous New Yorlc buildings, including Roxy TheaTre and The Chamber OT Commerce Building. Mr. Lawson is The aulrhor oT a boolc on welding sTandards and has recenTly wriTTen an arTicle in The Journal A.W.S. on The Theory oT design in welded seaT angles. Since I93l, he has been employed as an Engineer wiTh McClinTic-Marshall STeel CorporaTion. udwig Mack oT The General Science Class oT T925 received his M.E. Trom The Cooper Union in l93O. He has been in The air-condiTioning indusTry Tor Ten years, now being employed in The Cooling and Air-Condilrioning Corp-oraTion and holding The posiTion OT Sales Engineering and DisTricT Manager in Philadelphia. During This period he has designed and erecTed many insTallaTions, including TheaTres, rayon mills, bakeries, Tobacco and cigareTTe TacTories, paper and prinTing planTs. ROM The General Science Class oTi 1907, Isaiah S. Abrahams wenT on To posT- graduaTe work aT PraTT lnsTiTuTe, i907-I908g Carnegie Tech, l908-19095 Rens- selear Poly, l9l3 - I9l4q C.C.N.Y., l9l5 - l9l7. He is now on The Teaching sTaTT oT The Brooklyn Technical High School. idney A. Ochs received his posT-graduaffe M.E. Trom Cooper Union in l934 and Took adcliTional posT-graduaTe work in PaTenT Law and ChemisTry aT New York UniversiTy Trom I933 To l935, aTTer which he was admiTTed To The pracTice oT U. S. PaTenT Law. He has had TiTTeen years experience in engineering design and research, and indusTrial managemenT work. Several invenTions perTaining To elecfrical record- ing insTrumenTs, high speed and aerial cameras, and naval ordinance insTrumenTs are crediTed To This enTerprising member oT The General Science Class oT l935, The Lambda Sigma Kappa l:raTerniTy, and The Ex PosT FacTo Honorary SocieTy. Us l9l4 Mr. Jacob GerTz graduaTed Trom The Cooper mon aTTer Taking The General Science course in Civil Engineering and seven years laTer in l92I he reTurned To geT his C.E. degree. AlThough he worlaed ii' K i on desi ns of reinTorced concreTe sTorehouses, airship 'iZ 5Ei3i?iEE x.X hangarsfgand sTeel mills, Mr. GerTz specialized in The lasT I4 years on developmenT oT mechanical handling X Tor airships aT The U. S. Naval Air STaTion, LalcehursT, New Jersey, where he is a sTrucTural engineer. N Nl' 1119 1?- F 55 ART SCHOOL ALUMNI W l'l'l'l fhe help of faculfy and sfudenfs, we have managed fo compile some nofes on fhe alumni of fhe Arf Schools. For your enlighfenmenf and edificafion, fhe sfories of fheir success are presenfed on fhese pages. Augusfus S+. Gaudens, a graduafe of The Day Arf School, is world-renowned for his sculpfuring. Some of his mosf famous works include fhe Presidenf Lincoln sfafue in Chicago, Diana which formerly sfood afop fhe old Madi- son Sguare Garden, fhe Sherman equesfrian sfafue in Cenfral Park, The Purifanu in Springfield, Mass. and fhe remarkable sfafue of l:arraguf in Madison Square. l'lis work embodies 'ihe besf sfandarcls of French fasfe and mefhod of execufion wifhouf being hidebound by fradifion. i rl l-le has a sfyle af once polished and free. MONG The oufsfanding achievemenfs of Leo Friedlander are fhe Bas Relief in fhe Nafional Chamber of Commerce, Washingfon, D. C., fhe cenfral pedimenf of fhe New York Cify Museum, and fwo colossal equesfrian groups for 'fhe Arlingfon Memorial Bridge. Among his awards he numbers fhe Prix de Rome, fhe l'lelen Fosfer Barneff prize, and fhe Silver Medal in fhe Sesquicenfennial Exposifion af Philadelphia. Ellen Key-Oberg and Isabel Felfman of fhe class of '34 and '35, respecfively, have opened a sfuclio on Fourfeenfh Sfreef where fhey sculpf on a commission basis. dolph A. Wienman is infernafionally famed as a sculpfor and designer. Winner of fhe Mifchell Vance prize, fhe Fine Arfs Medal, fhe Gold Medal of l-lonor in Sculpfure, and fhe Nafional Arfs Medal, he is well-known for his execufion of fhe Soldiers and Sailors Monumenf af Balfimore, fhe Lincoln Rofunda of fhe Capifol af Frankforf, Ky., fhe facade of fhe New York Cify Municipal Building, and fhe dime and half dollar of Unifed Sfafes Currency. Pasf presidenf of fhe Nafional Sculpfure Sociefy, Mr. Wienman is a member of fhe Nafional lnsfifufe of Arfs and Leffers and fhe American Academy of Arfs and Leffers. Esfher Farb, a gracluafe of fwenfy years ago, has made guife a name for herself in fhe field of inferior clecorafing. Frieda Diamond, class of 1924, was for- merly a buyer af Sfern's Arf Deparfmenf. She now has her own office as an lnferior Decorafor Sfylisf. Elsie'VVells, a I93I graduafe, won second prize in fhe Sachs Foundafion by decorafing a room in one of fhe Sachs Furnifure Sfores. Dorofhy Knipper, a graduafe of fhe class of l935, also won a second prize for decorafing a room in anoiher Sachs Furnifure Sfore. Luigi Lucioni is now an imporTanT painTer whose work is in many school and museum collecTions, such as The MeTropoliTan, WhiTney, Philips Memorial Gallery, and VicToria and AlberT in London. He has been The recipienT oT many medals and awards. Louise Braun OT The class oT '28 won a Traveling scholarship and has been represenTed aT many exhibiTions in The ciTy. She is now working on murals Tor The walls and ceilings OT a school Tor The eliTe locaTed in MounT Vernon. RuTh LighT has been Tree-lancing since her graduaTion in I927. T-ler work has appeared in The New Yorker and in The adverTise- X Fig menTs OT several DeparTmenT STores, especially Gimbel's. She 3 5 id I V lived in PalesTine, sTudying Types and conTribuTing regularly To The London lllusTraTed Weekly. Many exhibiTs boTh here and abroad have TeaTured her work. Xavier J. Barile is one OT The mosT successTul arTisTs oT our day. Mr. Barile has had his porTraiT painTing and landscape eTchings and illusTraTions exhibiTed aT The NaTional Academy OT Design, Anderson Galleries, CincinnaTi Museum, The lTalian American ArTs AssociaTion, and The ArT STudenTs League. Ursula Heinhold, i929 class, is now a Tashion illusTraTor and com- ..4A 4 , mercial designer. She is connecTed wiTh ouT-OT-Town newspaper syndicaTes. l-ler specialTy is The design oT romanTic cosTumes. DocoToh Carlisle, also oT l929, is now in l-lollywood designing r Tashions Tor The Tilms. Adele Balkan oT The i932 group is also in ix i , f ,' . l-lollywood working on TheaTrical Tashions Tor ParamounT. Cornelia 11 ' Cunningham, '25 graduaTe. Teaches arT school in ATlanTa, Georgia. -' , I i Margarei' Cowan has been a Teacher in The liTe class in The - Cooper Union Tor Tne pasT Three years. Following her graduaTion in l928, she won a Traveling scholarship. BeTTy Lewis, besides Taking courses in The Cooper Union, sTudied in Vienna and Poland. She is now an insTrucTor aT The Green- wich House in New York and is a member OT The NaTional Alliance oT ArTs and lndusTries. HenrieTTa SchuTz was graduaTed lasT year and has been The assisTanT To Mrs. Harrison since Then. BerTha EnTin oT The '32 class. Tormer salesgirl aT AlTman's, is now The assisTanT buyer. Mary GreenalT is The illusTraTor oT many chiIdren's sTory books since her graduaTion in I929. Agnes Karlin, '35, delighTs her sweeT +oo+h by designing packages Tor Rock- woocl's Candy. Marion Farries. '33, is wriTing adverTising copy somewhere in Florida. Ada Kur-Tpa+risch, '29, does The adverTising Iayou+ and copy-wriTing Tor a large deparTmenT sTore down Thar in The wild and woolly Lone STar STaTe oT Texas. HE Theme of This volume gives an insighT inTo The prospecTs OT new graduaTes oT The Cooper Union in The Tields oT Engineering, ArchiTecTure, and ArT. Bridge, dam, highway, and building consTrucTiong The developmenT OT airplanes, locomoTives, auTomobiles, air- condilrioning and Diesel engines, advances in radio, Tele- vision, and The manuTacTure, Transmission and conversion oT elecTrical power: experimenTs in rubber, painTs, cera- mics, and especially melrallurgyq The design oT pre-Tabri- caTed houses, public and business buildings: picTorial de- sign, adverTising layouT, and mural painTing--all These acTiviTies oTler The besT chances of prosperiTy To This year's alumni. The world is Tull oT opporTuniTy. IT remains now Tor The new graduaTes, by achieving success in Their chosen Tields, To bring TurTher glory To The Cooper Union. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING l-lE worlcer behind fhe scenes, fhe worlcer in fhe laborafory is offen unlcnown and unsung. Years of research, long periods of sfudy are offen spenf wifhouf pracfical resulf because fhey are losf in a maze of academic roufine. Conscienfious applicafion by fhe chemical engineer has falcen fhe findings of fhe fesf fube and fhe balance and has ufilized fhem in all branches of engineering. Roads have been made firmer by fhe nofeworfhy improvemenfs in concrefeg railways have been made safer by developmenfs in fhe pro- perfies of sfeelq life ifself has been affecfed by fhe versafile uses found for formerly discarded by-producfs. The creafion of new rubber and cellulose producfs, fhe discovery of an improved process of aufomobile painf manufacfure and applicafionq fhe evolufion of a new fechnigue in acid handlingg fhe solufion of problems of gas and oil refining, and dis- fillafion-fhese are only a small parf of whaf modern indusfry owes fo fhe chemical engineer. The increased erecfion of monumenfal sfrucfures has, however, nec- essifafed fhe eguivalenf developmenf of fhe basic maferial for fhese sfrucfures. From fhei earliesf civilizafions, cemenf, fhe mosl permanenf of maferials, has been fhe medium used. When fhe mighfy pyramids were builf, however, if fook many monfhs or even a year fo acguire service sfrengfhg foday if has been reduced fo a maffer of hours. Regu- lafion fime required in mosf engineering operafions is fwenfy-eighf days, buf more recenf mefhods reduce fhe curing period fo a few hours where circumsfances malce guiclc-hardening essenfial. Alfhough cemenf has been used exfensively for cenfuries, if was nof unfil abouf I00 years ago fhaf fhere were any manufacfured or fired cemenfs as fhey are lcnown foday. Qnly affer fhe process of manufac- furing cemenf was confrolled, only affer fhe chemical engineer analyzed fhe process and fhe producf was if possible fo effecf fhis increase in fhe speed of producfion wifhouf loss in fhe qualify of fhe producf ifself. Affer repeafed fesfing and re-fesfing fhe chemical engineer finally perfecfed a quick-drying cemenf which was firsf used successfully on fhe sfafe highway in Maine in I927. Since fhis firsf fesf in acfual service was made, concrefe of fraffic sfrengfh has been produced, which was useable affer fwenfy-four hours of hardening. The possibilifies fhaf fhis developmenf offers in fhe rapid consfrucfion and prompf repair of high- ways, bridges, buildings, and ofher modern proiecfs, mean a fremendous saving of firne, money, and energy. ln fhe recenf consfrucfion of fhe George Wesfinghouse Bridge in Pennsylvania, fhe engineers, faced wifh an overhead of Sl000 per day used 24 hour cemenf af fhe crifical poinfs. One hundred days and 570,000 were saved on fhis iob. The perTecTion oT an early sTrengTh concreTe will have Tar-reaching signiTicance. Given a new maTerial, engineers will undoubTedly devise ways oT making The mosT oT iT. The Technique and design oT roads, bridges, and oTher sTrucTures will be adapTed To The shorTer and more economical consTrucTion period. The work on This producT proves again The inTerdependence oT The various Tields oT engineering. As in This case, The work oT The mechanical and civil engineer necessiTaTes The improve- menT oT a producT by The chemical engineer: These improvemenTs, in Turn, broaden The scope oT mechanical and civil engineering. The horizon oT The chemical engineer is an expansive one. ln The discovery oT new producTs, in more diversiTied applicaTion oT known ones he has shown noTable accomplishmenT. Rubber is a marerial which he has given exTensive and unexpecTed uTiliTies. lTs maniTold applicaTions include process eguipmenT Tor chemical and allied indusTries, such as rubber-lined Tanks and rubber-lined pipe: packing Tor acid lines and cor- rosive gas serviceg hose and Tubing Tor air, acid, waTerg new maTerials such as cellophane. The value oT rubber in These varied uses depends noT only on The peculiar properTies oT The basic subsTance iTselT buT on iTs inTelligenT combinaTion wiTh oTher maTerials in making rubber com- pounds Tor diTTerenT speciTic purposes. A parTicularly inTeresTing and imporTanT applicaTion oT rubber has been realized in a new Technique in acid handling. l-landling acid Tor pickling has TradiTionally presenTed one oT The mosT Troublesome, cosTly and baTTling problems oT sTeel planT eguipmenT. UnTil very recenTly leakage and Tailure oT acid Tanks and sewers, rapid corrosion oT overhead sTrucTures, disinTegraTion oT ToundaTions and TreguenT shuTdowns Tor re- pair have been Taken Tor granTed as an inherenT burden oT pickling room operaTion. Modern Trends in sTeel producTion, involving huge invesTmenTs in conTinuous eguipmenT and smaller margins oT proTiT, have Tocussed aTTen- Tion on These iTerns oT cosT as never beTore. WiTh heavy conTinuous eguipmenT The preservaTion oT ToundaTion sTrucTures againsT disinTegra- Tion by acid becomes viTally imporTanT. OT necessiTy a new Technique and a new poinT oT view in acid handling are developing. The engineer oT Today recognizes ThaT acid leakage and The desTrucTive eTTecTs oT cor- rosion musT be and can be prevenTed. The unique and versaTile engineer- ing maTerial, rubber, is playing an increasingly imporTanT parT in This prevenTion. ' Several TundamenTal developmenTs necessarily preceded The suc- cessTul applicaTion oT rubber linings To pickling Tanks and auxiliary acid handling eguipmenT. Ten years ago research chemisTs discovered a Tw. v. , I -at., .EQ 4 , -QW! .f,.0-QW-..,..,, f if' N4 x 8 J. ?11ll.u process, whereby rubber and sTeel could be bonded. Une addiTional elemenT was necessary in The sTrucTure oT Tanks Tor pickling-a maTerial sTrong enough To wiThsTand The severe mechanical abuse To which pickling Tanks are subiecTed. IT The new lining was To be successTully used in sTeel pickling Tanks iT had To be proTecTed in some manner Trom accidenTal violenT conTacT wiTh cradles, chains, or The sTeel being pickled. Brick, because oT iTs known chemical permanence, physical sTrengTh and low cosT, was The logical maTerial To choose Tor This imporTanT parT oT The Tank sTrucTure. l-lundreds oT Tanks oT This Type are now in acTive service. None have developed leaks or sTrucTural deTecTs. ln mosT planTs They have earned Their cosT wiThin The TirsT year or Two oT operaTion. There has been a growing conTidence among sTeel men ThaT The wasTes imposed by leaking Tanks, corrosion and shuTdowns Tor repair are deTiniTely avoid- able. This is The new poinT oT view in acid handling. A new Technique is developing, in which The research oT The chemical engineer is a maior TacTor. SalT is accepTed as a necessiTy Tor liTe. We rarely Think oT The parT The engineer plays in iTs complicaTed and dramaTic meThod oT producTion. VasT mines are dug, deep wells drilled, sTrange new machines invenTed- all To make sure ThaT salT is produced in gualiTy and guanTiTy To meeT every need oT every user. The mechanical engineer TreguenTly encounTers high impacT sTresses in TransporTaTion eguipmenT. The chemical engineer by analysis and research has evolved a high Tensile sTeel The marked impacT value oT which provides The answer in meeTing These unusual sTresses. No one grade oT high Tensile sTeel would have a chemical composiTion and phy- sical properTies versaTile enough To meeT every conceivable reguiremenT in The design and TabricaTion oT all Types oT TransporTaTion eguipmenT. Recognizing This, engineers and meTallurgisTs have devoTed exTensive sTudy To The developmenT oT various grades, speciTically adapTed To The reguiremenlrs oT This Tield. These high Tensile sTeels reveal some very desirable properTies. A slighTly lower yield sTrengTh wiTh improvemenT in ducTiliTy may be Turnishedg or a higher sTrengTh aT a slighT sacriTice oT ducTiliTy can be supplied as desired, To suiT The speciTic applicaTion. So, aT every sTep, The chemical engineer is providing producTs, processes, and meThods To enlarge The greaT scope oT engineering possibiliTies. l-lis work is never done. As he looks beyond The presenT, he sees a sTeady reducTion oT The Tuel supply in The UniTed STaTes. l-le will noT be daunTeol. l-le has produced subsTiTuTes Tor many Things, he will creaTe new Tuel maTerials. ACTIVITIES P THE I936 CABLE WiTh This The TourTeenTh ediTion oT Tl-lE CABLE we presenT To you a conTinuaTion oT The Theme idea in your yearbook. The iniTial aTTempT To publish a volume oT This kind was made in l9I8 under The name oT The COOPER COURIER. Year aTTer year The COOPER COURIER grew in size Trom ThaT oT a souvenir program oT The Annual Dance To ThaT oT a miniaTure yearbook in l92l. Too much cannoT be said in praise oT The conscienTious workers Through whose eTTorTs These were successTully ediTed and published. The COOPER COURIER, however, did noT Till The long-TelT need oT a real college yearbook beTiTTing The Cooper Union's sTaTus in The collegiaTe world. To supply This need and To provide The sTudenTs andigraduaTes wiTh a rnemenTo oT Their college careers ThaT will always iiveg To bring back memories oT The besT period oT Their lives-Their college days, and Their classmaTesg Tl-TE CABLE was originaTed in I922. Tl-TE CABLE relaTes direcTly To The engineer and iT commem- oraTes The occasion oT one oT PeTer Cooper's mosT noTable achievernenTs--his con- necTion wiTh The laying oT The ATlanTic Cable in June IBB6. The original issue remained The sTandard in presenTaTion and composiTion wiTh only minor changes Trom year To year unTil T931 when The idea oT a Theme or sTory was inTerwoven ThroughouT iTs pages. This plan has been Tollowed Through unTil The presenT because iT has meT wiTh general Tavor among The sTudenT body and has given our yearbook Tavorable presTige and deserved praise Trom ouTside The college. All previous CABLES were under The ioinT sponsorship oT The Junior classes oT The schools oT Engineering and ArchiTecTure. The sTudenTs oT These classes were responsible Tor The Tinancing and publishing oT The book. lT was Their CABLE and They made The mosT oT iT. WiTh The incepTion oT The BlankeT Eee This year Tl-lE CABLE becomes an all-school publicaTion. ITs sTaTT is composed oT sTudenTs Trom six diTTerenT classes in The Tour schools oT The Cooper -Union. RepresenTaTion oT classes in The volume was more equiTably divided To make The book more desirable Tor The lower classmen. The sTringenT Tihancial resTricTions prescribed by The BlankeT Eee CommiTTee made necessary The exclusion oT some elaboraTe TeaTures and The inclusion oT cerTain oTher TeaTures which would insure wider inTeresT and Tinancial supporT. Our Theme, The Engineer in The Modern World, is parTicularly appropriaTe aT This Time when The real place oT The Engineer in socieTy is being recognized and his service To mankind beTTer rewarded. Today marks a greaT era in engineering achieve- menT. The largesT dam, The longesT' and deepesT waTer Tunnel, The longesT bridge, The TallesT building, The largesT generaTors, The TasTesT airplanes-all are being creaTed in our presence. The day oT superlaTives in The engineering Tield has arrived. The sTaTT hopes ThaT The Theme maTerial presenTed may help To engender in graduaTes and undergraduaTes a spiriT oT pride in The proTessions which They have chosen Tor Their liTe work, and ThaT This pride may be broadened To include Their Alma lVlaTer and Their beneTacTor, PeTer Cooper, Through whose eTForTs They are enabled To secure Their educaTion. ' Upon appoinTmenT as ediTors oT Tl-IE l936 CABLE, we inheriTed a TradiTion and The advice ThaT There was a long and diTTiculT Task ahead oT us. We Thoroughly enjoyed The many monThs spenT on The producTion oT This volume. Our ediTor-in- chieT and managing ediTor sTarTed work lasTiJuly. ConTerences wiTh prinTers, phoTo- graphers and engravers lasTed Through The summer. WiTh The opening oT school in SepTember The sTaTl was enlarged by The addiTion oT WalTer GoverTsen and Eranlq Vanelc whose assisTance was invaluable. These Tour worlced TogeTher side by side Tar inTo The nighT aTTer school sessions and weekends To produce a CABLE worThy oT iTs TradiTions. Our Theme and iTs phoTographic presenTaTion made necessary The selec- Tion OT a cerTain Type oT arT illusTraTion ThaT would noT be incongruous wiTh The Theme. Erica Goreclci's scraTchboard work was chosen as The mosT suiTable Tor our purpose. ElberT Jaudon and Eranlc Kelemen perTormed yeoman service in gaThering copy. AlTred RaThoTer was called inTo consulTaTion many Times because oT his TamiliariTy wiTh commercial arT and engraving processes. Eranlc McGinnis and Bob UmbdensToclc perTormed Their duTies well. Our comparaTively small sTaTT worlced TogeTher as a cooperaTive uniT. Upon being relieved oT our duTies we deliver To our successors an enhanced TradiTion, an equipped, permanenT oTTice, and The maTerial necessary Tor beginning work on subsequenT CABLES. We hope ThaT They will enioy Their work as much as we have enjoyed worlcing TogeTher To publish Tor you Tl-lE I936 CABLE. Tl-l E STAFF THE STAFF Cl-IARLES ALAN HAUCK Pl-IILIP EDWIN I-IAGERTY Ediior-in-Chief I - ' Managing Eciifor WALTER GOVERTSEN FRANK VANEK A Associaie Eciiior Associaie Business Manager ERICA I-IANKA GORECKI Ari' Edifor ALFRED A. RATI-IOFER ELBERT W. JAUDON Arcniieciural Edilror Copy Ediior FRANK KELEMEN FRANK MCGINNIS Sporis Eciiior Business Assisiani' ROBERT UMBDENSTOCK Ediforiai Assisiani 4 w i i ,h x '12 f i x Tig 'Fffffiwm H fl XI 4 ' Zh .- ' -, 1 Nr- Me, ' ., ,Mo ,,.... sf EX POST FACTO The Ex PosT EacTo Honorary SocieTy oT The CABLE was Tounded Tor The purpose oT rewarding in some Tangible manner The members oT The sTaTT oT The pubIicaTion. The small en- graved key serves as a visible reminder To oTher sTudenTs ThaT The wearer was Thus commended Tor his long 'hours oT paTienT and persisTenT eTTorTs To produce a CABLE oT which The Cooper Union mighT be proud. IT was The original inTenTion oT The Tounders oT The SocieTy To have The wearers oT The Ex POST EacTo Key advise and guide Their successors in The producTion oT TuTure CABLES. This procedure has seldom been Tollowed in The pasT buT The increasing diTFicuITies oT The schoIasTic curri- cula will no doubT make such a sysTem quiTe necessary in The I producTion OT subse-quenT CABLES. I937 CI-IARLES ALAN I-IAUCK Chairman IDI-IILIP EDWIN I-IAGERTY ERICA I-IAINIKA GORECKI ALFRED RATEIOEER VVALTER GQVERTSEINI FRANK VAINIEK I936 I935 MILTON T. WAY WILLIAM P. REUSS Chairman Chairman GEORGE KLIGFIELD FRANCIS E. KNIPPER GENERAL STUDENTS' COUNCIL The General STudenTs' Council is a represenTaTive body oT The Tour schools oT The Cooper Union, consisTing oT The presidenTs oT each class in each school. The worl4.oT This Council is'To bind TogeTher all The schools which hereToTore had Their own exTra-curricular programs. The BlanlceT Fee, Though sTill imperTecT, is a large sTep Torward in This direcTion. Under This plan, each sTudenT receives a CABLE, af Pioneer subscripTion, an AThleTic AssociaTion membership, and an Annual Dance TiclceT-all This aT less Than one-halT The cusTomary sum. The Two Engineering and The ArchiTecTural Schools have unani- mously supporTed The BlanlfeT Fee. The Council hopes To improve The Blanl4eT Fee To secure The endorsemenT oT The ArT Schools. ' The Annual Dance, previously a NighT Schools TuncTion, has been made an all- schools aTTair, The CommiTTee is chosen Trom The Tour schools and is direcTly respon- sible.To The Council. T The Council appoinTs Two members To The Pioneer Board oT ConTrol which direcTs The policies oT The paper. These members are accounTable To The Council. A consTiTuTion coveri-ng all acTiviTies in The schools has been approved Through The eTTor'l's oT a commiTTee appoinTed by The Council. The l-landboolq, conTaining inTormaTion regarding all sTudenT acTiviTy, is being cornpleTed by a special commiTTee beTore The school year is Tinished. The Gold C, Tormerly a NighT Engineering School award Tor parTicipaTion in exTra-curricular acTiviTy, has now been made applicable To The Tour schools. A new poinT sysTem oT d-isTribuTion has been evolved 'To secure Tairness in The awarding oT This honor. Wifh all iTs plans compleTed, The Council reTires wiTh a Teeling OT deep saTisTacTion. Top Row-Gundlach, l-lauck, WesTman, RaThoTer. STanwyclc, Adams, Dalfon, Goverfsen. Sfrauss. BoTTom Row-Brown Davidson, Milcullca, Tracey, Gumbre-chT, Williams, l-lagerTy. Lawrence Perez i i l i l i i i Facu lfy Adviser Charles Mikulka Abraham Pafi Frank Kelemen Chairman Member Member X BLANKET FEE For years fhe dream of sfudenf leaders af Cooper Union has been fhe insfifufion of a blankef fee fo finance all exfra-curricular acfivifies. Such a fee would aufomafically place fhese acfivifies on a sound basis where budgefs and plans could be drawn up in advance and no fime would be wasfed in solicifing sfudenf supporf. Finally, 'rhe precarious condifion of fhe various acfivifies in fhe Spring of l935 forced fhe General Sfudenfs' Council fo fhe realizafion fhaf somefhing musf be done. Every year, more and more organizafions were being abandoned as sfu- denf supporf faded. The Afhlefic Associafion, formed fhree years ago by merging fhe Day and Nighf organizafions, was reduced fo a mere skelefon. The remaining acfivifies: The Cable, Pioneer, and Annual Dance were iusf exisfing. The acfion of fhe Council fook fhe form of a commiffee headed by George Nagoshiner fo invesfigafe fhe possi- bilifies of a blankef fee, Affer minufe invesfigafion, fhe commiffee reporfed fhaf if fhe enfire enrollmenf of fhe Day and Nighf Engineering Schools subscribed fo a blankef fee of four dollars, fhe financial requiremenfs of all fhe acfivifies could be mef. This four dollar fee would cover membership in fhe A. A., subscripfion fo bofh Cable and Pioneer, and a fickef fo fhe Annual Dance-a fofal value of eighf dollars. Wifh fhe consenf of fhe Faculfy, fhe commiffee fhen decided fo poll fhe sfudenf body fo defermine ifs reacfion fo such a plan. If more fhan sixfy percenf of fhe enrollmenf of one school vofed in ifs favor, fhe Faculfy would make fhe Fee compulsory for fhaf school beginning in fhe Fall of I935. The resulf of fhaf poll is hisfory. The Nighf School of Engineering passed fhe plan wifh a maiorify more fhan necessary, and fhe lnsfifufe of Technology accepfed wifh an overwhelming aggregafe. The Blankef Fee fhus became a realify, and when 'fhe incoming Freshmen vofed in ifs favor in Sepfember l935, fhe members of bofh engineering schools were wholly behind if. The Sfudenf Council was now faced wifh fhe giganfic fask of organizing fhe sef-up under which fhe exfra-curri- cular acfivifies would operafe wifh fhe Blankef Fee. Six members were appoinfed fo The Blankef Fee Commiffee: Charles lvlikulka, Abraham Paff, and Frank Kelemen of fhe Day School: Frank Tracey, James Gill, and William Quick of fhe Nighf School. Mr. Lawrence Perez accepfed fhe COMMITTEE posiTion oT FaculTy Adviser. I.aTer, Irving Friedman was appoinTed To represenT The ArchiTecTural School which also agreed To The plan and Sidney SwerTIoTT was seIecTed To acT as PubliciTy Manager. WiTh Charles Mikulka as chairman and Frank Tracey as Treasurer, The CommiTTee seT To work, developing inTo The 'hardesT working group ThaT Cooper Union has ever seen. WiTh approximaTeIy a Thousand sTudenTs in The engineering schools, The CommiTTee had TirsT oT all To colIecT The Tee Trom each man. IT had To devise a bookkeeping sysTem, receipTs and membership cards, and decide The cases oT sTudenTs pleading Tor exempTion because oT Tinancial hard- ship. In order To decide The maTTer oT exempTions, The BIankeT Fee CommiTTee Tound iT necessary To appoinT Two commiTTees, one To acT Tor The day school and The oTher Tor The nighT school. The members oT The Day School Ex- empTion CommiTTee are I-Iylas SmiTh, I-Iarold Silvers, Sheldon Lang, and Royes Salmon, and The NighT School ExempTion CommiTTee consisTs oT AnThony Ancona, I-lerberT Bahren- berg, and Alexander Segalman, wiTh Lawrence Perez as chairman oT each. The members oT These commiTTees were TacTTuI buT Tirm in Their decisions on all cases presenTed To Them. They are To be complimenTed upon The discreTion and Tinesse wiTh which They discharged Their duTies. Being Trail blazers, The CommiTTee 'had To learn Trom hard experience. NOT being allowed To demand paymenT on The opening day oT school, The CommiTTee collecTed im- mediaTeIy whaTever iT could and asked The remaining sTu- denTs To sign pledge cards-a mammoTh Task in iTselT. Rely- ing chieTly on The mediums oT newspaper and bulleTin board noTices insTead oT direcT conTacT wiTh The sTudenTs, The CommiTTee did manage To have pracTicaIIy all The men pledged beTore Thanksgiving. The collecTions were Taken aT The same Time and were compleTed beTore The ChrisTmas holidays. Through The cooperaTion oT The I936 CABLE sTaTT and The Annual Dance CommiTTee, The BIankeT Fee CommiTTee was able To produce a subsTanTial surplus. This TacT, coupled wiTh The beneTiTs derived by The exTra-curricular acTiviTies, make The BlankeT Fee aImosT cerTain To be conTinued as a permanenT insTiTuTion. Fra nk Tracey Treasurer James Gill Secreiary William Quick Member Irving Friedman Member I Bernard Schenker EdiTor-in-ChieT Frank Kelemen I , Business Manager Eugene Michaels Associc-:Te EdiTor Sid SwerTIoTT AssisTa nT EdiTor THE PIONEER The gleaming eyes oT a dozen chandeliers gazed coldly Through a curTain oT cigareTTe.smoke, To look upon 7a scene oT Teverish acTiviTy in Thea bowels' OT The I-IewiTT-Building. A score oT slaves was devoTed To.The Task oT grooming The Pioneer Tor iTs weekly appearance. A deTermined sTranger sTepped inTo The Ivlazda glow, TascinaTed by The iiTTery wriTers' pencils dancing on yellow carpeTs and making whirls and eddies in The pall oT smoke, accompanied by The sTac- caTo sTuTTer oT a TypewriTer dueT. A Come in, BroTher Cable, greeTed The genial Pioneer in recogniTion. Come in and siT down. IT There's any- Thing I can do, I'm aT your service, he added graciously. I've come Tor my yearly inTerview, BroTher Pioneer, reTurned Cable. X ' Well, Cable, I'm noT used To being inTerviewed, as you probably know. I Teel beTTer inTerviewing, buT iT you insisT--. Thanks You see, you come ouT once a week, Tell us abouT everyThing and everybody, and Then disappear Tor anoTher week. I'd like To know someThing abouT your IiTe during The week: I wanT To go backsrage wiTh you and see you as yourseIT. In shorT, Tell me everyThing. Very well, Cable, buT remember you asked Tor iT. EirsT, abouT myseIT. I live and exisT Tor one Thing only-my sTudenT public. NeiTher snow nor rain, nor heaT nor gloom oT nighT, sTays me Trom appearing regularly To serve Them. VViThouT Them, you see, I'm noThing aT all, so There's none OT me which exisTs Tor any oTher purposes buT Theirs. And They Themselves give me IiTe To serve Their parTicuIar ends. Now, I'd like To be like an ever-blooming wiIdTIower- To be enjoyed by anyone aT any Time wiThouT eTIorT or ThoughT as To my origin and growTh, wiThouT a care as To my why or whereTore. I-Iowever, I'm really a hoThouse Tlower. I musT have hours OT aTTenTion and all sorTs OT carey The more is given me, The beTTer I look. These duTiTuI minions you see sTrewn abouT are my devoTed TaiThTuIs, giving nobly oT Their hours and TaIenTs, ThaT I mighT go TorTh proudly, and conTidenT ThaT I am as good as They can make me. IT is oT This kind oT sTuTT ThaT I am made-duTy, devoTion, pIenTy oT work and sweaTg much more Than paper and Type and plain black ink. Whenever I come ouT, iT is because oT my human slaves, who have uncovered news evenTs oT imporTance and have prepared Them Tor me To presenT in Their besT Torm. l Think l undersTand very well, Pioneer l-low have you been TreaTed This year? NOT badly, Cable, buT noT perTecTly eiTher. JusT beTore ChrisTmas my ediTor- in-chieT, Joseph MalTz, had To resign because he was giving me Too much aTTenTion. My reTinue isn'T quiTe so expansive as iT mig'hT be, and so he was wasTing weekends on menial Tasks. Replacing him, Bernard Schenker was moved up one noTch To The Top, and Eugene Michaels Took his place as associaTe ediTor. Then a comprehensive shake-up served as a good Tonic. , WhaT abouT These news evenTs you menTion7 Por one Thing, There have been more oT Them This year Then ever. l had six pages almosT every week, and drawings and phoTographs were guiTe numerous. ln- cidenTally, l goT rnyselT a new prinTer aT The very beginning. A Serbian newspaper Took me in hand, Though luckily no Serbian ever slipped inTo my pages. ScholasTic news was well represenTed by The new ProTessional AspecTs classes, in which speakers Trom indusTrial Tields lecTured on Topics esoTeric To The Technical world. Then we had insTrucTors promoTed To ProTessorships. Upon The regreTTed and unTimely deaTh oT ProTessor Rossmassler, AssisTanT ProTessor Young was again honored, becoming The acTing head oT The DeparTmenT oT Machine Design. ln The Day ArT School much was ado This year. Their hours were changed To eliminaTe laTeness in The morning, and The lunch hour was posTponed To correspond wiTh ThaT oT The Engineers. The ArTisTs organized DramaTic and Fencing Clubs, and The Glee Club conTinued. Then ArT School acTiviTies were puT under The iurisdicTion oT The PaculTy CommiTTee on ExTra Curricula ATTairs. Tel-1arT dances and The Junior Masquerade passed Through my headlines. And besT oT all, The Annual Dance, and The l:ounder's Day Dinner. The General STudenTs' Council was very much wiTh us righT along. The BlankeT Fee Plan was revised To beTTer perTorm iTs duTies and submiTTed To The sTudenTs Tor Their voTe on iTs conTinuance nexT year. The Gold C CommiTTee TormulaTed a plan Tor poinT awards Tor exTra-curricular work, seTTing deTiniTe goals Tor Those who aspire To The honor oT earning a Gold or Silver ConsTiTuTion consciousness be- came generally prevalenT, resulTing in The creaTion OT Those wordy documenTs To deTine The duTies oT The STudenT Council iTselT, The AThleTic AssociaTion, and probably one or Two oTher organizaTions ThaT l've TorgoTTen abouT by now. And The Council consTiTuTion expecTs To Tind iTselT in The new and needed STudenT l-landbook, which in Turn, expecTs To Tind iTselT in The hands oT nexT year's Treshmen iT Tinancing diTTiculTies are overcome. The VarsiTy Baskejrball Team, The RiTle Club, and numerous inTerclass conTesTs provided yards oT copy. l heard someThing oT an organizaTion wiThin your organizaTion. Could you clariTy ThaT? ThaT's Lambda Tau, The newly organized honor socieTy embracing Those oT my liTerary Tribe who consider journalism an arT worThy oT The Time and TalenT They besTow upon me, ThaT l mighr live. Membership in This socieTy is an honor won by a limiTed number oT The besT workers on The sTaTT each year. This organizaTion is sTill in iTs inTancy so iT hasn'T had a chance To show us iTs v,orTh. BuT you iusT waiT and waTch. I'll ask abouT iT nexT year, Pioneer. Good Luckll' LAMBDA TAU The Board oT ManagemenT OT The Pioneer has or- , 'T ',-. 1g:lA:,', '-A1,, 5 .3 Q., M- ganized an honorary socieTy Tor The purpose oT suiTably A rewarding Those members oT The sTudenT body who give A.m'!h' - 7'lr'T Q , 'r Their Time and eTTorT To producing The sTudenT newspaper. .. VXfbA The purpose oT This organizaTion is To promoTe co- , operaTion and Triendly relaTions among The members oT -i'r- T J Vj I The sTaTT oT The Pioneer, and To endeavor To develop The T' V A ' igi' iii' highesT sTandards oT college iournalism. ii gvii The consTiTuTion and plans Tor This socieTy were dis- ' , . Q' cussed by members oT The sTaTT lasT year. The only acTive 9 Vglfg members oT Lambda Tau sTiII connecTed wiTh The paper 'T A' , aT The beginning OT This year were Erank Kelemen, Ber- nard Schenker, S. O. SwerTloTT and Erica Gorecki. There are Two Types oT members in The socieTy, acTive and honorary. Honorary members are Those Tormerly acTive on The Pioneer sTaTT who no longer Take parT in The producTion oT The paper. These are Abe PaTT, Louis Schramm, A. Byron Green- berg, Jack Sonberg, Charles Mikulka and Joe MalTz. AT The TirsT meeTing oT The socieTy held on January lOTh, The charTer members voTed To include Dave Klein, Palmer Allen, Allison ScoTT, Elsie Eischl, Jerry Sanders and Sheldon Lang on The rolls. There will be anoTher voTe held aT The end OT The year, when iT is hoped ThaT The ranks will swell To TiTTeen or TwenTy acTive members. They will Then be enTiTled To Take parT in The acTiviTies OT The organizaTion and To wear iTs insignia. The only reward gained in The pasT years by working Tor The paper was personal saTisTacTion, and iT was To give maTerial recogniTion Tor such work ThaT This organizaTion was Tormed. Chancellor FRANK K. KELEM EN Vice Chancellor BERNARD SCH EN KER Exchequer Sl D SWERTLOFF Recorder ERICA l-l. GORECKI Honorary Members JOSEPH M. MALTZ ABRAHAM PATT LOUIS SCHRAMM CHARLES MTKULKA BYRON G-REENBERG JACK SONBERG A. AcTive Members DAVE KLEIN SHELDON LANG JERRY SANDERS ELEANOR P. ALLEN ELSIE J. FISCHL ALLISON W. SCOTT E. H. Gorecki E. N. Gold J. Sanders H. Rois+acher R. Bergman E. K. Sfodola E. P. Allen M. Sanders F. Hamel D. Okun P. E. Hageriy H. Woebke T. Woodcock H. Bahrenburg H. Robbins C. Mikulka S. Lang C. Samberg A. Scoff J. Sfengren J. Scnwariz J. Allaire R. Gundlach I. Plofkin E. J. Fischl ATT-TLETTC ASSCJCIATION .11 11 ,1 . 1 K 1 1 'zu - f11,i'1i3T' . 1 A I ' Iififf-,f isis-4 . , 11 'n 1 . ....n-.'1:5i:3:'- nfl . - - -, - 1111111511: , :1111 11 - 53.5 -4fr::r:::5.q:g:--e,- +1 -1 1 E11'11Y1:- TEN ,',', 11:1 11 1 51.255 .: NPN ' ii 11111111111 11 5 ,. . M2111-2.1f 11 , H I 11,1 , V,L: . M. 1-.11-ual: 1. .asv 1 . ., . .,,.. .... .- 1.f . Q. ,.,., H.. . 1 awp 'v . . 1? , ' W ef 1 1 , f 2 , sr 3 f 1 2? wx Q f , . 2 fv, vv Z , , s ,244 Af: 1 xg? 7 I f A Hifi' 45 Ii, 13212, l ,152 r Q 'Q 6, 1 Q 6 -:QE .3:1:,l-:g.- -'J-':'v. ,.z .51 ' ..-.-nj:-.-'g-,TQ,:,:1.,1gg'-3212121243: Q 1. gig .1 g1:e1 3 'V f V, ,,:',.V,.,',2 Q zf. iw 111' i1111:11 .g34f.:,w'fM'w..i 11 sE2'1Ei111 'E..: ef- ev., ' P3512 1- 11 1 15: 1 1-1 1 fig.-, 3111. 1 1' 111,135 5531 - - -rg? ' .' 11 111111111 1 11. . -fffff ,1 11 1 111: .. -is . 1-1:1 1. , .-:-1.11: 1 11,,1,11 ' Q -5,4 11 ,1 1 ' ' X1 ' .ZW , pfpzs, f-4 fri, 'ff Af 1. fy? M' M f 5 2. fb., wgggfs Z4 . JM . A XM, , , qw FYI fsfiffwi WEZW 4 9? 2552? by MM fffpwiy V 45 5' ggi? f ,fy Myst? f af J 433 M9230 as V39 ,QW EJ ,, .,.,,,..,,-H, W' -111 111 341 Wi ' Q. 'lf-'iii .-. .1 , . A., ,-.-. . . ....,,,.,.............. , ... 1 Q. f . 1-41-.,-1-1a:,e,.,..s14-sw-',m1 - T pf 5 'iflriflflih , 1 I2 is 1 ' s:...:Qf-1s:.:1:2:1:1 Sew-,:..1. 1 :few 11512, ..4 . 1' 1 ,ig 2 3i f 1 - :.- ' . , 1.4. . , rg. , . . . , I 'vga-.L.a,-t.',a1,,, X If l5?313.. ' . .f . , -3 3.514 1 312 .-3 , 1 -fi' ' 1 5 -1: sas, gm . 5 '1 1 1. 1 1 .. a n Q2: f . I-2 f . v ing' Q T 1 1 if f s 'T 1 1 as 111 K Michael Aruck PresidenT Bernard Schenker Vice-presidenT Frank Kelemen SecreTary Charles l-lauck Treasurer WiTh The beginning OT This scholasTic year, The oTTicers oT The AThleTic AssociaTion assumed Their posiTions wiTh The hope oT guiding The AssociaTion To new heighTs. ln The previous Two years aThleTic acTiviTies had received a greaT impeTus Through The aid of The General Science Alumni AssociaTion. The inauguraTion oT The BlankeT Fee wiTh The conseguenT Tive-Told increase in membership and improve- menT oT Tinancial sTaTus promised a hereToTore unheard oT developmenT oT aThleTics aT The Cooper Union. This year again The use oT The ChrisTadora l-louse gymnasium and swimming pool were secured. ln order ThaT varsiTy baskeTball pracTise mighT noT inTerTere wiTh inTra- mural conTesTs, The A. A. oTTicials obTained The TaciliTies oT P. S. 60 Tor The varsiTy Teams. T-his courT has proved un- saTisTacTory because oT iTs low ceiling which prevenTed The squad Trom securing any pracTice in Toul shooTing. This placed The Team aT a decided disadvanffage which was very apparenT in The TirsT Tew games ThaT were played. l-low- ever, They were undeTerred' by This diT'TiculT siTuaTion and plunged eagerly inTo Their schedule which This year was Tar more arduous Than ever. lnTramural conTesTs in baskerball, swimming, and waTer polo were again organized This year. Lower classmen were parTicularly enThusiasTic abouT The baskerball maTches since They were able To lord iT over The high and mig-hTy seniors who wiTh diTTiculTy were able To round up Tive decrepiT players. WaTer polo was also very popular, giving The Tel- lows an opporTuniTy To work oTT excess energy by half drown- ing each oTher. The swimming meeTs allowed The human Tishes To display Their prowess. The RiTle Team, which lasT year was Torced To reTire Trom inTercollegiaTe compeTiTion because oT The lack OT range TaciliTies, was This year again Taced wiTh The same diTTiculTy. MaTTers looked very discouraging unTil iusT a week beTore maTches were To begin, when a suiTable range was secured aT The Army PosT on Governors Island. WiTh The presenT TaciliTies iT will be possible To organize Teams in boxing, wresTling, and oTher sporTs. OTTers oT compeTenT insTrucTors have been made by The AThleTic DirecTor aT The C-hrisTadora l-louse. WiTh sTudenT supporT, aThleTics may Thus be raised To a pre-eminenT posiTion in exTra-curricular aTTairs. VARSTTY BASKETBALL l3asl4eTball has This year again proved To be The mosT popular sporT in The Cooper Union. WiTh The opening oT The season, TwenTy men, The maioriTy oT whom were Trom Day School, answered The call Tor candidaTes. lncluded in This group were six veTerans and a number OT excellenT prospecTs. WiTh The squad again under The guidance oT Coach William G. Lamb, who has coached baslceTball in Cooper Tor Tive years, a Tormidable Team was promised. ln The previous year The Team was able To pracTise only once a week because The same gym was also used Tor inTramural sporTs. This year a separaTe gym was secured exclusively Tor The varsiTy, enabling Them To have more Time Tor drill. ATTer The TirsT Tew sessions, The squad was cuT To eleven players and The men Then seTTled down To rigorous Training in preparaTion Tor The Tough schedule ahead oT Them. The coach worked ouT a TenTaTive TirsT Team wiTh Lang and Bloclc as Tor- wards, Cohen and lvlilcullqa, guards, and Johanny, cenTer. All were veTerans excepT Cohen, who sTood ouT Tor his abiliTy To drop Those long seT shoTs. ConTesTing spiriTedly Tor The varsiTy berThs were LipshiTz, Mahoney, Fichenbaum, and Slcorslci. The campaign was opened againsT Long lsland UniversiTy, one oT The mosT powerTul Teams in The EasT. lT was a Toregone conclusion ThaT Cooper would lose, buT our boys didn'T lay down on ThaT accounT. They ToughT Turiously, Though be- wildered by The power and shiTTiness displayed by The veTeran l..l.U. aggregaTion. WiTh The Tinal whisTle our c1uinTeT Tound iTselT on The shorT end oT a 56-I3 score. ln The second game on The schedule, we nosed ouT Columbia College oT Phar- macy, beaTing Them 25-24. The conTesT was nip and Tuclc all The way, TirsT one Team and Then The oTher scoring. ln The closing minuTes oT' play, Cohen dropped The de- ciding basl4eT, giving us The game. Brooklyn PolyTechnic lnsTiTuTe, our TradiTional rival, Turnished The nexT opposiTion. This was an exciTing, hard-ToughT game, wiTh The Two Teams maTched as To playing abiliTy. l-lowever, our Tive's lacl4 oT pracTise in Toul shooT- ing losT us The conTesT. Poly's superioriTy in This respecT was The TacTor ThaT gave Them a vicTory. The Tinal score was 3 l-26. The evening aTTer The sTruggle wiTh Poly, our guinTeT meT Fordham UniversiTy. The Fordham courT is much larger Than The ordinary one and The boys, Tired Trom The previous nighT's baTTle, were unable To do more Than iog up and down The lengTh oT The Tloor. The Tinal score was Fordham 38 and Cooper l4. The Cooper Tive Travelled ouT oT Town Tor The TirsT Time To play Panzer aT EasT Orange. The Maroon and Gold showed impressive Torm, compleTely ouTclassing Their opponenTs Tor mosT oT The game and running up a Twelve poinT lead. Near The end, however, Their laclc oT con- diTioning began To Tell and They iusT managed To sgueeze Through wiTh a 24-22 vicTory, The second oT The season. The sevenTh game was played againsT The New York Aggies. This conTesT was a hearTbreaker. ATTer a closely ToughT, nip - and - Tuck baTTle, The squad was much chagrined To lose The game by one poinT, The board reading 25-24 aT The Tinal gun. The C o o p e r baskeTeers nexT meT STevens Tech. The boys showed The way Tor al- mosT The whole game buT al- lowed STevens To come up in The lasT minuTe and make The score 25-all aT The Tinal whisTle. We losT The game, being un- able To score in The overTime period, while The opposiTion Tallied six poinTs. The Team also losT The nexT game wiTh Savage, being ouTclassed To The Tune oT 4l-27. The TenTh game gave our quinTeT The opporTuniTy To break a Three-game losing sTreak. Displaying real Team- work, They decisively deTeaTed Brooklyn College oT Pharmacy by a score oT 33-25. RuTgers Pharmacy nosed us ouT in The nexT game by Three poinTs. IT was an exciTing con- TesT, wiTh TirsT one Team and Then The oTher Torging ahead. However, our guinTeT's inabi- liTy To sink easy seT shoTs proved The margin oT deTeaT. AnoTher close game was losT To Newark College oT Engineering by The score oT 27-25. The game was loosely played, many shoTs being missed by boTh Teams. ln The Third guarTer our ouTTiT came To liTe and ran The score up To 25-24 in Tavor oT The Cooper Union. WiTh less Than a minuTe To play, Newark scored a baskeT and a Toul To snaTch The vicTory. Webb lnsTiTuTe oT Naval ArchiTecTure proved an easy vicTim. Playing as a well- coordinaTed uniT, our Team baTTled The opposiTion, emerging vicTorious by a score oT 33-22. Lang proved The sTar oT The evening, making I2 poinTs, The mosT ever Tallied by a Cooper player any one game This season. VViTh advancemenT oT The season, The Team has shown consTanT improvemenT in Torm and has an excellenT chance To win The Tew games remaining To be played This season. ProspecTs Tor nexT year are parTicu'larly brighT, wiTh The squad expecTed To lose only Two men, Charlie lvlikulka and Dave LipschiTz, who graduaTe This year. The resT oT The Team are Juniors and Seniors in The Day School and Three TasT men in The TirsT Three years OT The NighT School. This means ThaT Tor The nexT Three or Tour years enough veTerans will be on hand as key men around whom The coach can build his squad. ArrangemenTs are being made To secure The use oT a suiTably equipped gymnasium Tor nexT year's VarsiTy. WiTh such an opporTuniTy The Team can be given a much beTTer Training in all The phases oT baskeTball. WiTh a good gymnasium The Team will have several home games. AlThough The sTudenT re- presenTaTion has been Tar below normal iT is hoped ThaT aT These games The Team will be given adequaTe supporT by a crowded cheering secTion. INTERCLASS BASKETBALL Once again This year, The day Tech classes were The only groups in The Cooper Union which selecTed Teams To parTicipaTe in The round-robin basl4eTloall TournamenT. The classes oT The NighT School OT Engineering did noT respond To This sporT as well as They did in The waTer games and were, ThereTore, noT represenTed in any OT The inTerclass basl4eTloall conTesTs. The Freshman baslceTeers, To The uTTer amazernenT oT all The oTher classes and To The delighTVoT The specTaTors, won Two OT iTs TirsT Three conTesTs. For a Frosh Tive, This was absoluTely unexpecTed and posiTively rude. However, iT did have one good eTTecT. The Sophs were made To siT up, Talce noTice, and geT some much- needed pracTice. The playing oT Howie Kuhleman and l-larry Donnelly acTed as The sparkplug Tor The Frosh quinTeT. The Sophomore Tive is really good. Because oT some bad breaks, Their sincere eTTorTs have noT meT wiTh much success. Dan OzvaTh, who is also The manager oT The Soph Team, is one oT The besT players parTicipaTing in The TournamenTs. l-le is TasT, shiTTy, and can lay Them up as well as The besT. When The Sophomores meT The Juniors in The TournamenT on January 7Th, The meeTing renewed hosTiliTies which had loegun in The inTerclass conTesT oT The previous year. The Junior dribblers, smarTing under The ignoble deTeaT oT The year beTore, came up ouT oT The Trenches wiTh guns blazing, and rouTecl The bewildered Sophs wiTh a score oT 38-l I, a lead oT TwenTy-seven poinTs. The Junior squad larise and shine, boysll: AI KranoTT, Elmer KuTzleman, WalTer Bass, PeTe Koleshnil1oTT,Al Chen, Frank Kelemen, Noah Gould, and Dan Olfun, are Top- noTchers. To daTe, They have a ToTal oT Tour vicTories and no deTeaTs To Their crediT. KranoTT, KuTzleman, and Bass are a Trio who as yeT have noT encounTered any real opposiTion Trom any opposing Team. Mr. Laub, coach oT The varsiTy baslceTloallers, mighT Tind iT well worTh his while To have a loolq aT These men in acTion. The poor, decrepiT Seniors who, so They say, were The 1935 champs, did noT sTand a ghosT oT a chance in This year's conTesT. Their inabiliTy To collecT enough men Trom which To selecT a represenTaTive group, coupled wiTh The loss oT Their Two loesT players, LipshiTz and Shapiro To The VarsiTy, made Their aThleTic powers dwindle away To a mere noThing. WiTh all These Things Taken inTo consideraTion, The Juniors Tirmly believe ThaT The I935-36 lnTer- class BaslceTball Champions will be The Class oT I937, which is an exTremely suloTle meThod oT saying, The presenT Junior Class. However, This is The opinion oT one class. IT They were To boasT so much, They had beTTer loe sure oT vicTory or deTeaT may loe so much more loiTTer. LeT iT be hoped ThaT The Sophomores will show Their meTTle in The Tew remaining games Tor iT is really an insulT To Them To leT The Freshmen beaT Them. For The games remaining, The eyes oT Cooper Union are inTeresTedly waTching To see if The Sophomore spiriT will rise To show iTs power. RTFLE CLUB Wirh The permission To use The TaciliTies oT Governors lsland, new liTe has inTused The Cooper Union RiTle Club. The use OT These ranges was only procured aTTer a greaT deal oT negoTiaTions beTween The RiTlemen and The Army. Now, having disposed oT miles oT red Tape, The nimrods are enjoying The convenience OT Governors lsland, The presenT sTaTion oT The l6Th lnTanTry. WiTh a range provided Tor, The sguad is sending inTo inTercollegiaTe circles a varsiTy Team which will endeavor To uphold The honor oT Cooper Union. The Team's schedule This year includes some Tormidable rivals. Teams such as CiTy College and N.Y.U. who have The Reserve OTTicers Training Corps in Their curricula have a decided advanTage over our Teams. Brooklyn Poly has iTs own range and has reTired army oTTicers To coach iTs Team. l-lere again is a Team which will be an almosT insurmounTable olosTacle. The Tinal Tlourishes oT The Cooper Union sharpshooTers will occur aT Annapolis on April 4Th. On This daTe The annual inTercollegiaTe shoulder-To-shoulder ma+ch will Take place. This evenT is always anTicipaTed by The members. There is a cerTain Thrill To be gained Trom visiTing The NaTional Naval Academy-TradiTion, hisTorical signiTicance, uniTorms, sTirring songs and marches-all These seT in surroundings oT beauTy and digniTy lend a glamour To The occasion. - AlThough The RiTle Club did noT obTain The use oT Their presenT range unTil February lsT, They did noT enTer inTo compeTiTion enTirely unprepared. During The summer and Tall, various members spenT Their weekends aT The Ossining RiTle Club in norTh VX!esTchesTer counTy. AT This range, The members shoT on a long range oT IOO yards. AlThough six Times as long as The oTTicial inTercollegiaTe small-bore range, The pracTice They obTained was good experience Tor The RiTlemen. Copy Tor THE CABLE is submiTTed raTher early in The year, and so no resulTs oT The RiTle Team's maTches may be obTained. l-lowever, The Team is opTimisTic and hopes To show +ha+ They really can shooT-ThaT There are some individuals in iTs midsT who are Truly marksmen. WATER POLO and SWIMMING ATTer one oT The closesT TournamenTs in which Cooper Union sTudenTs ever parTicipaTed, The Senior Class swim- ming Team emerged vicTorious, iusT ousTing The Juniors by a margin OT Tour poinTs. One OT The maior upseTs OT The swimming carnival was The placing OT The NighT School Swimming Team. This year. The TirsT year in which The NighT Engineers senT ouT a swimming Team, These men Tallied nearly TiTTeen poinTs To Take Third place. Since classes in The NighT School begin aT 7:00 p.m., iT was necessary Tor some OT The conTesTanTs To leave beTOre The TournamenT was over. AT The lasT evenT-a Tour- l man relay-Two nighT men remained, who, despiTe This nandicap, capTured second place in The evenT. ln addiTion To The usual evenTs OT a swimming meeT, This year's TournamenT had a number OT oTher evenTs. There was a Three-man medley relay i-n which each Team had a man swim one lap back- sTrOke, a second man swim breasTsTrolce, and The Tinal man 'swim TreesTyle. The plunge and underwaTer disTance swim were some OT The oTher evenTs. The mosT humorous incidenT OT The evening was The candle race in which each compeTiTor had To carry a lighTed candle Trom one end To The oTher end OT The pool. Flying spray caused by The plunging and plowing OT many TeeT exTinguishecl mOsT candles beTore The race had progressed barely Tive TeeT. Since The WaTer Polo TournamenT has noT, as yeT, begun, one can only coniecTure as To The probable , ouTcome. OTThand, one would say ThaT eiTher The Juniors or Seniors would be The winner. NeverTheless, a careTul observer will noT be so bold as To enTirely overlook The Freshman and Sophomore Teams nor TorgeT The surprising upseT nearly pulled OTT by The NighT School. Their near-vicTory under bad handicap may encourage Them To greaTer eTTorTs. WheTher or noT The Seniors will conTinue To show Their superioriTy Over The oTher Teams will be ascerTained when The WaTer Polo TournamenT geTs under way. LasT year The presenT Junior class won The swim- ming TournamenT and conTinued To show Their abiliTy in The WaTer Polo TournamenT in which They remained undeTeaTed. AlThough The Seniors consider Their winning The swimming meeT as a sign OT conTinued success Tor The remainder OT The year, They will Tind Them- selves wiTh a Tough assignmenT To TulTill. Time alone will deTermine iT The Seniors succeed. ATHLETIC AWARDS There are a number oT sTudenTs who in spiTe oT crowded schoIasTic schedules and in The case oT a Tew The necessiTy oT earning a living, Tind Time Tor exTra curri cular acTiviTies. For These men who render service To The Cooper Union Through The medium oT Their parTicipaTion in inTercoIIeqiaTe compeTiTion The AThleT1c C award has been esTabIished. Charles Milculka Sheldon Lang AI Slcorslci Julius Cohen David I-IorowiTz Charles STumlop Bernard Schenker Hyman Turlqin BASKETBALL MAJOR C Maurice LipshiTz MINOR C Charles Samberg, Mgr. RIFLE MAJOR C RoberT Gerhold MINOR C PeTer KoIesniIQoTT Arnold Johanny Meyer Block Max Axelrod John Kennedy Abraham LevenThal John Weber Frank Kelemen John Pierano HONOR AWARD u ThroughouT every school year we Tind a comparaTively small group oT sTudenTs who are willing To sacriTice a Ii+TIe more eTTorT Than ThaT necessary To acquire an edu- caTion-and be cheerTul while doing so. These men receive no maTerial compensa- Tion Tor The inesTimably valuable beneTiT The sTudenT body as well as The school gains Through Their endeavors. As in oTher schools and organizaTions These Tew men are The spark necessary To seT and keep The machinery oT exTra-curricular acTiviTies in moTion. Since There are many OT These men unsung and unknown, The NighT Engineering STudenT Council oT a number oT years ago insTiTuTed The Gold C T'lonor Award To be given To These men in recogniTion oT The services They render. ln l935, The General STudenTs' Council, including represenTaTives Trom all The schools ThaT comprise The Cooper Union, esTablished The Gold C as an all school award To be given To any deserving member in The enTire insTiTuTion. Today iT is The highesT honor award which can be conTerred upon a sTudenT by The sTudenT body-one which any person may be iusTly proud To wear. Eugene A. Kelly Charles Mikulka Eleanor Palmer Allen lrving Friedman WalTer GoverTsen Erica l-lanka Gorecki Philip Edwin l-lagerTy Charles Alan l-lauck Erank Kelemen SILVER C GGLD C William S. Quick Frank A. Tracey Joseph lvlalTz AlTred RaThoTer Bernard Schenker Sid SwerTIoTT Frank Vanek NaThan Wald John WesTrnan l-lyman Turlsin PresidenT Leo Schumann Vice-presidenT Norman lskowiTz SecreTary George Ka rnoTsky Treasure M ATHEMATICS CLUB The lvlaThemaTics Club OT The Cooper Union lnsTiTuTe oT Technology is a unique organizaTion among The lnsTiTuTe's clubs, being The only one engaged in The pursuiT oT The absTracT Tor iTs own sake. AlThough maThemaTics in all aspecTs is considered as lying wiThin The limiTs OT The club's endeavor, cerTain aspecTs are developed more in deTail owing To The propensiTies oT The members. As a maTTer oT cusTom, The program oT The club always has as iTs TirsT obiecT The Teaching oT The use oT The slide rule To Treshmen. Following This, The Trend OT The lecTures is more Toward The TheoreTical and The novel. ln The pasT, Topics have ranged Trom The exTremely absTruse Topics oT Topology and The Theory oT GeomeTry To The exTremely pracTical Topics oT OperaTional Calculus and Dimensional Analysis, and The lighTer recreaTions and applicaTions oT maThemaTics. There were always more papers To be presenTed Than Time permiTTed. For This reason many Tine, original works could noT be delivered aT The regularly scheduled meeTings. The besT prepared and mosT generally inTeresTing papers were given preTerence and The oThers were held in abeyance Tor TuTure presenTaTion. lT is hoped ThaT suiTable arrange- menTs may be made To hold meeTings more TreguenTly in order ThaT The members may be able To lisTen To many lec- Tures oT a highly inTeresTing naTure. The club serves anoTher incidenTal purpose in sponsor- ing sTudenT papers on suiTable Topics, Thus inTroducing The sTudenT To original work Tor The lecTure Tloor. IT has been The policy oT The club in The pasT To have as many sTudenT speakers as possible. The organ oT The MaThemaTics Club has had a raTher haphazard exisTence in The pasT Tew years, buT iT is probable ThaT iT will again be published beginning This year or nexT. ln The nexT number iT will be possible To include The accumu- laTion OT several years oT Tine work on original Topics. ln iTs work The club has had a raTher easy Task, Tor There was no need To arouse an inTeresT in The Topic. The inTeresT was presenT-all ThaT was needed was The means oT TruiTTully employing iT in The pursuiT oT knowledge. lT is in This capa- ciTy, oT applying The amaTeur qualiTy oT an arT To The de- velopmenT oT a science, ThaT The lviaThemaTics Club OT The Cooper Union lnsTiTuTe oT Technology enioys iTs True TuncTion. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL Professor F. Foss, FacuI+y Adviser IT has been The purpose oT The Cooper Union STudenT ChapTer OT The American SocieTy oT Civil Engineers To bring To The sTudenT Those phases OT engineering endeavor which are noT TreaTed in The prescribed curriculum. IT is noT possible Tor The TaculTy, in The shorT Time aT Their dis- posal, To bring To The sTudenT more Than The baresT Tuncla- menTals. A working knowledge oT The applicaTion ol: The Theories and principles To engineering pracTice is oT prime imporTance. The value To The sTudenT oT acquainTance wiTh These meThods raTher Than wifh TexTbook Tormulae, cannoT be overemphasized. WiTh This in mind, The oTl:icers arranged a program oT acTiviTies ThaT would help Till The gaps in The engineering educaTion. IT is hardly possible in The IimiTed space ,available To deTaiI The acTiviTies oT The chapTer during The pasT year: conseguenTly, only a Tew oT The highIighTs will be discussed. The subiecTs oT The IecTures were varied and more inTeresT- ing. MosT oT The IecTures were iIIusTraTed wiTh lanTern slides or moTion picTures. Among The IecTurers were Mr. J. l'Iadden, a prominenT consulring engineer, who is one oT The invenTors oT The crescenT Type sTadiumq Mr. Charles I.. Crandall, residenT engineer on The MidTown Tunnel, who described graphically The meThods employed in hoIing Through under The I-Iudson, and Ivlr. John W. PickworTh, consulTing engineer in The consTrucTion oT The I-Iayden PIaneTarium. This IasT Topic was oT especial inTeresT because The concrere-shelled dome is new To American consTrucTion meihodsf These and The oTher speakers are auThoriTies in Their various Tields, and known To be high in The engineering proTession. An inTegraI parT oT The acTiviTies oT The chapTer were The Two IvleTropoliTan ConTerences. These were meeTings oT The chapTers oT all The recognized engineering schools in New York. OTher evenTs during The year were inspecTion Trips To nearby proiecTs and planTs. The school year and The program oT The chapTer were TerminaTed in Ivlay wiTh a banquet IT is hoped ThaT The school year I936-37 will show an increase in inTeresT by eligible sTudenTs wiTh a corresponding increase in The number oT members in The SocieTy. ENGINEERS Frederick BapTisTa Chairma n Charles Duhy Vice-chairman Daniel Okun SecreTary Sa nforcl KcreTsky Tree ur r AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL l Max YesowiTz Chairman Charles Mikullza Vice-chairman Morris Welling - SecreTary Cornelius Kirby Treasurer ENGINEERS AssT. Professor HerberT F. Roemmele, FacuITy Adviser The A.S.M.E. STudenT Branch acTiviTies oT l935 were ouTsTanding in The ChapTer's hisTory. When The Mid- Easlrern Group oT The STudenT Branches held Their conven- Tion here in New York, Cooper Union played hosT To The sevenTeen colleges which comprise This group. One oT The Technical sessions oT The convenTion was held in The Physics LecTure Room oT The I-lewiTT Building and immediaTely Tol- lowing This session a luncheon was Tendered by Cooper Union To all The delegaTes. The l:iTTh Avenue I-loTel was The scene oT This evenT. The presiding oTTicer and ToasTmasTer aT This aTTair was Nicholas STeTano, Chairman oT The Cooper Union Branch. To STeTano beTell The honor oT inTroducing The promi- nenT engineers who, as senior members oT The parenT socieTy, were guesT speakers. The luncheon program also included The donaTion OT prizes To The sTudenT members OT The aT- Tending colleges, who delivered The besT papers aT The Technical sess.ions. Jack DruTman was The represenTaTive speaker Tor The Cooper Branch, and delivered a Tine paper on The AuTo- maTic AuTomobile. The choice oT DruTman as represenTa- Tive oT Cooper Union was The resuIT oT a compeTiTion held wiThin our branch. IT is a policy oT The A.S.M.E. To presenT sTudenT speakers aT iTs meeTing, and Trom These speakers To choose The besT Tor The convenTion. Among The papers Trom which DruTman's The AuTo- maTic AuTomobile was picked were Norman Korn's Air PolluTion, Max YesowiTz's EliminaTion oT VibraTions and Jack DruTman's Variable Speed Drives. The success oT The season's acTiviTies was, in a large measure, due To The eTTorTs oT Nicholas STeTano, sTudenT chairman oT The group and ProTessor I-I. F. Roemmele, honorary chairman. In acknowledgmenT oT his accomplish- menTs, STeTano was The recipienT OT The biography which is The annual award To The sTudenT who has done The mosT Tor The sTudenT branch during ThaT year. This year's execuTive board includes Max YesowiTz, chairman: C. Mikulka, vice-chairman: C. Kirby, Treasurer: and M. Welling, secreTary. ' AMERICANTINSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Raymond J. Kunz, FacuITy Counselor When The American lnsTiTuTe OT Chemical Engineers was organized in I908, There were Tew chemical engineers in The UniTed STaTes. The Tounders acTed wisely in resTricT- ing Their membership To a small group wiTh high sTandards. They gained respecT Tor The organizaTion by Their advanced code oT eThics, The high guaIiTy oT Their proTessional pro- ceedings, and Their absTenTion Trom propaganda. In I92I, The guesTion oT sTudenT chapTers was presenTed To The lnsTiTuTe and aTTer due deIiberaTion The plan meT wiTh unanimous approval. From one chapTer in I922, The num- ber oT sTudenT branches OT The lnsTiTuTe grew sTeadily unTil lasT year There were ThirTy-seven chapTers. This marks The eighTh year oT The exisTence oT The STu- denT ChapTer OT The American lnsTiTuTe OT Chemical En- gineers in The Cooper Union, The organizaTion having been Tounded in I928. AIThough aT The ouTseT boTh Day and NighT sTudenTs were included in The membership, in I932 The lnsTiTuTe oT Technology and The NighT School Chemical Engineers separaTed, and The Day Branch oT The A.I.Ch.E. was Tormed. The NighT School Branch disbanded soon aTTerwards, buT The Day Branch kepT TuncTioning. lnTeresT in The organizaTion has been sTeadiIy increasing, as evidenced by The upward Trend oT The aTTendance aT The meeTings. The TirsT meeTing oT The year is generally used Tor a discussion oT plans Tor The coming season. The usual plans call Tor speakers prominenT in The chemical engineering proTession, Talks by members oT The TaculTy, and also Tor several sTudenT speakers. IvleeTings wiTh oTher local chap- Ters OT The A.I.Ch.E. are also in prospecT. The Freshman RecepTion held in December is one oT The main evenTs oT The season which is sponsored by The ClhapTer. AT The recepTion a prize is awarded To The chem- ical engineering sTudenT who had The besT record in his Treshman year. l.aTer in The year, The enTire Senior Class parTicipaTes in The annual sTudenT problem conTesT given by The American lnsTiTuTe oT Chemical Engineers. IT is desired ThaT The NighT School OT Engineering will become suTTicienTIy inTeresTed To re-open The Tormer nighT branch oT The American lnsTiTuTe oT Chemical Engineers. Charles Leyes PresidenT Gerald Varnum Vice-presiclenT Charles MoTeizik Secreiary RoberT Umbdensfock Treasurer AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL I I I Joseph Weber Presidenl' John Scully Vice-presidenT Seymour Clair Se-cI'eTary Abraham Merlin Treasu rer ENGINEERS DAY DIVISION A. J. B. Fairburn, FacuITy Counselor One OT The marks OT a successTul man is The abiliTy TO express his ideas inTelIigenTly TO his TeIIOw-men. The class- room provides ample OppOrTuniTies TO secure These ideas while The sTudenT branch OT The engineering sOcieTies-in This case, The American InsTiTuTe OT ElecTricaI Engineers- enables The sTudenTs TO ObTain much experience in The presenTaTiOn and discussion OT individual viewpOinTs. Mem- bership in The lnsTiTuTe also Turnishes many openings Tor ObTaining a broader undersTanding OT The elecTrical engi- neering prOTessiOn Through Tield Trips, Talks by insTrucTOrs and OThers prOminenT in Their line, and mOTiOn picTures and slides OT The indusTries. Recognizing all These TacTOrs, The adminisTraTiOn has placed The A.l.E.E. meeTing prOminenTIy in The schedule, enabling a larger percenTage OT sTudenTs To aTTend Than in previous years. The meeTings during The season consisT chieTIy OT papers presenTed by sTudenTs On relaTed Topics. Especially Tine subiecTs were submiTTed by E. Golub On Musical InsTrumenTs and ElecTriciTy, L. Cardenas On PrObabiliTy As Applicable TO Telephone Engineering, L, Evans On Marine ElecTricaI Pro- pulsion, and T. W. Reynolds On IlIuminaTiOn Engineering. Among The more prOminenT sTudenT speakers were A. Mer- lin and G. I. Schulmann. ATTer each Talk The meeTing was given over TO open discussion concerning The subiecT. Field Trips included The Long Lines DeparTmenT OT The American Telephone and Telegraph Company, The large, modern GeneraTing PlanT OT The New York Edison Com- pany aT I3OurTeenTh STreeT and Irving Place, and The InTer- naTional Wireless COmpany's sTaTiOn aT Rocky POinT. Among The prOminenT speakers inviTed TO The meeTings were PrOTessOr SOOTT OT Yale UniversiTy and Mr. W. L. Morrow, ediTor OT ElecTrical World magazine and acTive engineer OT noTe. The wide inTeresT evidenced in Their Talks was indicaTed by The aTTendance OT over Two hundred sTudenTs aT'each OT These meeTings. Newly-appOinTed AssisTanT PrOTessOr, ErnesT L. STarr, represenTing The TaculTy beTOre members OT The sOcieTy, delivered a very helpTul Talk On various phases OT elecTricaI engineering and The chances OT success in This Tield. 'AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS NIGHT DIVISION A. J. B. Fairburn, FacuITy Counselor I The NighT STudenT Branch oT The American InsTiTuTe oT ElecTrical Engineers has been in exisTence Tor Two years. During This Time iT has Tully served The purpose Tor which iT was creaTed. The sTudenTs oT The Cooper Union NighT School oT En- gineering have very IiTTle spare Time Tor anyThing ouTside oT regular college work. They acquire a large amounT oT TheoreTical knowledge in Their courses, buT They cannoT suppIemenT This by pracTicaI knowledge and discussion be- cause oT Their arduous sTudy programs. Membership in The NighT Division STudenT Branch oT The American InsTiTuTe oT ElecTrical Engineers helps The eIecTrical engineering sTudenTs To accomplish This necessary Task. Through Their aTTendance aT The meeTings, They are kepT in close conTacT wiTh new developmenTs and pracTicaI problems in modern eIecTricaI engineering pracTice. The STudenT Branch also aTTords The new graduaTes a means oT bridging, To some exTenT, The gap beTween com- mencemenT and acTuaI pracTice. The sTudenT is graduaTed wiTh his mind Tull oT Technical knowledge. I-Ie is inexperi- enced, no maTTer how well he is Trained. In acTuaI pracTice he discovers To his surprise ThaT many oT The Theories deeply ingrained in him are discarded by The engineers Tor various reasons. IT he has been a member oT The STudenT Branch he is prepared Tor This discovery because he has been shown by lecTures, by moving picTures, and by Tield Trips, much oT The workings oT pracTical elecTrical engineering. A very inTeresTing program Tor This year was arranged and parTiaIly compleTed by The new oTTicers. LecTures by members oT The TaculTy, reading oT Technical papers pre- pared by members oT The A.l.E.E., Talks illusTraTed wiTh lanTern slides and moTion picTures by some oT The mosT prom- inenT eIecTricaI engineers oT Today, and Tield Trips To several OT The largesT elecTrical power pIanTs in The meTropoIiTan area, have been The highlighTs oT The year's acTiviTies. The lasT meeTing oT The year was devoTed To The award- ing oT prizes To The sTudenTs who presenTed The besT papers. I I7 Charles Gorman Presidenl' ArThur Landsverk Vice-presidenT William Vreeland SecreTary Andrew Levada Treasurer THE ANNUAL DANCE The Annual Dance begun in I9I8 as a TuncTion oT The NighT Engineering and ArchiTecTural Schools, has become a TradiTion To The Cooper Union. A cusTomary TeaTure oT This aTFair has been The awarding oT The Gold 'C Tor parTicipaTion in The Tield oT exTra-curricular acTiviTies. A This year, in lieu oT The TacT ThaT The BlanIceT Eee enTiTles iTs members To a TicIceT Tor The dance, The Annual was sponsored by The General STudenTs' Council and was opened To all sTudenTs oT The Tour schools oT The Cooper Union.f The I936 Annual Dance, very well-aTTended because oT The BlanlceT Eee, was pronounced boTh a social and Tinancial success. THE ANNUAL DANCE COMMITTEE JOHN F. WESTMAN General Chairman Business CornmiTTee EnTerTainmenT Commi'H'ee ALFRED A. RATHOFER, Chairman EUGENE A. KELLY, Chairman E. PALMER ALLEN GERALD E. DALTON BERNARD SCHENKER GARY STANWICK RAYMOND DUGUID SIDNEY SWERTLOFF THE SENIOR BALL The origin oT The Senior Ball is shrouded in mysTery. No one seems To lcnow The exacT daTe oT iTs beginning. All answers, when boiled down, read The same, lT was a long Time ago. The Senior Ball oT I936 added anoTher success To The long lisT. The new grad- uaTes will long cherish Their memories oT This aTFair. THE SENIOR BALL COMMITTEE ALFRED A. RATHOFER General Chairman Business Commlffee , EnTerTainmenT CommiTTee JOHN E. WESTMAN, Chairman MAX YESOWITZ, Chairman LOUIS J. SCI-IRAMM NICHOLAS C. APOSTOLOU GEORGE KLIGFIELD EUGENE A. KELLY RAYMOND DUGUID ALEXANDER SEGALMAN RALPH J. BERGMAN T. EDWARD THORSEN FRATERNALISM AND ALUMNI-ISM During college Training There is liTTle opporTuniTy Tor enioying social conTacTs. The worlc is so severe ThaT The available Time can be devoTed To liTTle else besides sTudy. AT The Cooper Union where The TraTerniTies were Tounded pri- marily Tor scholasTic achievemenT, many opporTuniTies are presenTed Tor companionable associaTions. FraTers in one class are able To sTudy in groups wiTh comTorT and ease, and can help The lower classmen To surmounT Their obsTacles. Thus, lasTing Triendships among members oT diTTerenT courses are born and lcepT alive. ATTer qraduaTion, The desire To repay Their Alma MaTer makes The alumni band TogeTher wiTh The express purpose oT TurThering The TradiTions and worlzs oT The Cooper Union. IT is membership in The Alumni AssociaTions whereby valuable conTacTs wiTh successful men are made and Treasured. The qraTiTude oT The sTudenTs musT be Tendered To These organizaTions Tor many oT The memorials, libraries, laboraTory equipmenTs, scholarships, and sTudy rooms exisTing in The Cooper Union Today. These organizaTions have chosen an ex- cellenT manner in which To express Their sincere appreciaTion Tor The Training which They received aT The Cooper Union. Can The new graduaTes TormulaTe a beTTer plan To show Their Thanldulness? PHI STGBMA OMEGA FRANK TRACEY JOSEPH MICHAELSON G.-and Magfer Depufy Grand Masfer JAMES J. GILL THOMAS TRAYNER Exchequer Recorder r w . --: -M i WDP '....nw 1,' X 5 my 'A T liiln d l Kill JJJJ' g f Y .M ns. X N X fx 4 f f CDS Q QVFMA WP' c a ll . i X7 , O x ' K 1- 1 X M, T T if shss-,,g wi lil ,if ln fhis, fhe ninfh year of ifs exisfence, Phi Sigma Omega Erafernify is sfill one of fhe foremosf in The Cooper Union. Since l926, fhe year of ifs founding, Phi Sigma Omega has made fremendous sfrides in fhe fosfering of scholasficism and frafernalism. The facf fhaf very few of ifs members have ever been obliged fo leave college because of difficulfies in fheir courses, speaks for fhe friendliness and helpfulness among fhe frafers. Where a man's sfudies were becoming arduous, his brofhers gave willingly of fheir fime and knowledge in order fo aid him in overcoming his obsfacles. This feeling of brofherliness is fhe backbone of Phi Sigma Omega and is fhe main purpose of ifs founding. To fhis idea, all ofher acfivifies are secondary. The field of exfra-curricular acfivifies has claimed many P.S.O. frafers. Because each applicafion for membership is closely invesfigafed, none buf fhe besf can become brofhers of Phi Sigma Omega. Tl-lE CABLE, Afhlefic Associafion, Pioneer, Annual Dance, Class Officers, General Sfudenfs Council, Blankef Eee Commiffee, and Class Affairs have all had fheir share of P.S.O. men. Social acfivifies wifhin fhe frafernify ifself are well supporfed. Two formals a year, many open-house nighfs, several socials, and a spring dance serve fo weld fhe brofhers info a closely bound unif. Besides fhese social funcfions of fhe Alpha Chapfer of The Cooper Union, fhere are fhose of fhe Grand Lodge and fhe ofher Chapfers. These also are well affended by fhe Alpha Erafers. The Phi Sigma Omega frafernify house is locafed af 39 Easf Sevenfh Sfreef. lf is here fhaf fhe brofhers congregafe in fheir leisure hours and enioy fhe luxury of a homelike afmosphere. ln fheir busy periods, fhe house is jammed wifh young men of serious and defermined mien, infenf on fheir sfudies or cramming fo pass an all- imporfanf exam. Buf fhe environmenf is nof always calm, peaceful, and quief. Every so offen, fhe house is fhe scene of a young riof as fhe frafers affempf fo ex- pend fhaf penf-up energy in good clean fun. Proud of ifs colorful hisfory, fhe brofhers, bofh alumni and sfudenfs, have formu- lafed many plans fo furfher glorify bofh The Cooper Union and fhe Phi Sigma Omega Erafernify. Edward A. lvliller Auslin J. Purves, Jr. Srephen Alessi Anrhony Ancona Michael Aruck Frederick L. Arrwood l-lerberr A. Bahrenburg Sranley Berg James Burke Francis W. Delassalle Frank Del Papa Raymond B. Duquid James J. Gill FRATRES IN FACULTATE Charles 0. Rorh, Jr. FRATRES IN COLLEGIO Frederic C. Hamel Ernmer Halop Allred l-lasselbach Charles A. l-lauck Elberr Jaudon Chrisrian T. Jensen Raymond Kilmer Andrew Levada Larry Lf Lindam Samuel lVlacWhorrer Frank lVlCGinniS Barrick l-l. lVlcGiver Joseph J. Tanzola Miles l'l. Van Buren Joseph lvlichaelson Anrhony J. Nesri William Pellegrini Frank Tracey Thomas Trayner Frank Vanek Paul W. Vesiigo Edward J. Walsh lVVilliam F. Websrer John F. Weslrnan Herman Woelocke OMEGA DELTA PHI Alpha Cooper Union NighT Engineering School Belfa . PolyTechnic lnsTiTuTe, Brooklyn gamma School oT Commerce, N. Y. UniversiTy DS'-Ta Cooper Union lnsTiTuTe OT Technology Epsilon . . . Brooklyn College Q .6 if Q6 fe. jf u Xvl lP ' y,- -Wm , C T? . Tffg f , nj . ' Omega DelTa Phi TraTerniTy was Tounded in The year T903 by seven Cooper sTudenTs among whom was Karl l-laupTmann, now a proTessor in The Physics DeparTmenT. ln The ensuing years, This, The TirsT TraTerniTy aT Cooper, has expanded and now includes Tive ChapTers aT Tour diTTerenT Colleges as well as an Alumni ChapTer. The chieT purpose oT The TraTerniTy is The pro- moTion oT True TraTernal Triendship. The ChapTer Tiles, giving addresses oT TraTres in Rome, Ger- many, Russia, Mexico, Poland and ArgenTina, and TrequenT visiTs Trom old-Timers and charTer members aTTesT To success in ThaT endeavor. IT was noT unTil l9l3 ThaT The broTherhood was incorporaTed under The Laws oT The STaTe oT New York as Omega DelTa Phi EraTerniTy, lnc. The Alumni AssociaTion Tormed in l908, and consisTing oT The Tounder and senior members was mainly re- sponsible Tor This maniTesTaTion oT progress. In l9I5 The Cooper Union ChapTer was granTed a charTer as The Alpha ChapTer. ln l9l6 a charTer was granTed To a group oT Brooklyn PolyTechnic lnsTiTuTe as The BeTa ChapTer. Erom T925 To l928 Two more chapTers were added: one Trom New York UniversiTy as Gamma: The oTher Trom The Cooper Union lnsTiTuTe oT Technology as DelTa. ln I935 The laTesT buT we hope noT The lasT ChapTer was added by The granTing oT a charTer To a delegaTion oT Brooklyn College sTuclenTs. Each ChapTer holds a monThly meeTing, Three or Tour Open-House enTerTainmenTs each year and a ChapTer Dance, while The enTire TraTerniTy ioins in an All-ChapTer Dance and an Annual ConvenTion. l-lence, Trom a small group oT True Cooper Union sTudenTs, some oT whom are now prominenT members oT The EaculTy, a broTherhood was creaTed, whose scope has ever increased, so ThaT Today iT is ouTsTanding and conspicuous among oTher similar organizarions Tor iTs upsTanding and noble purposes. The members oT Qmega DelTa Phi have always been known as men oT characTer, respecTed by Tellow sTudenTs and ProTessors, have always been leaders in scholasTic and exTra curricular acTiviTies, and have TurTher broughT glory To Their TraTerniTy and Alma lVlaTer by Their ouTsTanding acTiviTies in The Engineering proTession. Professor l-l. C. Enders Professor Karl l-lauplmann George F. Ackerl Frank W. Allorechl James V. Brady Edward l-l. Burger William P. Cole Alfred E. Donner Frederick Emigholz William J. Firzpalrick Bernard A. Fleck Thomas J. Frascella FRATRES IN FACULTATE Ollo G. Puller FRATRES. lN COLLEGIO T. Nelson Gilberl Charles E. Gorman John O. Gumlorechr William l-laralonik Eugene A. Kelly George M. Kovacsevics oscar Kgmmef Charles N. Loerller John J. lvlcNerney C. Raymond Nelson C. George Kreuger R. J. F. Kunz Arlhur F. Oelring lldefonso Orellana George lvl. Phillips Anlhony Pinlo Rosario Previli John A. Roberrs Eugene A. Rosenberg Fred W. Schmilz T. Edward Thorsen Millon T. Way LAMBDA SIGMA KAPPA fmimb ll' flk ,W .4 I I ,1,Q Q.A ik Sf? if QIII1 ft Lambda Sigma Kappa begins ils lhirly-lirsl year in Cooper Union wilh a program ol progressive endeavor. Following lradilion, The lralernily will conlinue lo losler scholarship lo go hand in hand wilh characler and lralernalism. We are eagerly loolcing lorward lo gaining many new Iaurels lo add lo our abundanl colleclion. S. MARTIN NOBLE ALFRED A. RATI-IOFER 'rls I iiflfgf A ll xxx Ruler Vice-Ruler A704 LPS f xx A ff LLOYD FLEISCI-IMAN IRVING I. FRIEDMAN Scribe Exchequer FRATRES IN FACULTATE Blandlord A. Alger I-Ierberl F. Roemmele Emmanuel A. Salma Warren G. Findley I-larold W. Merrill William A. Vopal Nicholas Aposlolou Berlram J. Berlolamy Allred Boblqowslfi Alberl J. Clermonl, Jr. Irving I. Friedman Emil Goerner Richard I-Iopper Lloyd Fleischman James P. O'Donnell FRATRES IN COLLEGIO George Kliglield Alvin Pomeranlz I-Ierman Levilz Allred A. Ralholer Michael Lisinicchia Theodore Riehl Franlc Lobue lrving Rubin Joseph McDonough Carrol Saia F. I-larry Neidig A. L. Segalman John P. Nevins Allred Yacomelli S. Marlin Noble Max Yesowilz ALPHA MU SIGMA Founded I9I4 a+ The Cooper Union ALPHA CHAPTER HERMAN H. WEINSTEIN HYMAN MILBERT Prior Exchequer SAMUEL J. COHEN BERNARD LAST Vice Prior Scribe ERATRES IN COLLEGIO Charles S. Begelman Bernard Laslr Hyman Milberlr Jack Berger VVerner E. Lindheimer lsidore Rabinowiiz Samuel J. Cohen Naihan S. Lipowilz Harry Roisiacher David Horowilz Ralph Maslow Murray Schwarlz Arlhur Kahlenberg Herman H. Weinslein CHAPTERS Alpha .... The Cooper Union Bela College of The Ciiy oi New York Gamma . Polylrechnic lns+i+uJre of Brooklyn Della Massachuselrlrs Insliiuie of Technology Epsilon . . Columbia Universiiy Zela . New York Universily Eia . . Harvard Universiiy Theia Bellevue Medical College loia . . Yale Universily Lambda Universiiy of Pennsylvania Mu , . Universiiy oi Maryland Nu . . Universiiy of Virginia Omigrgn Universily of Souihern California Xi . . . Union College Pi Long Island Universiry Tau . Roanoke College Sigma Chicago Lewis lnsiiluie Kappa . Bosion Universiiy Alumni New Yorlc Ciiy Alumni . Bosion ALUMNI FEDERATION HENRY D. WILLIAMS '85 EDWARD A. MILLER '74- Pregidem FirsT Vice-presidenT WILLIAM I-I. WAGNER '03 ALFRED I-IILBERT 'OI Second Vice-presidenT SecreTary-Treasurer The Cooper Union Alumni EederaTion is a group OT delegaTes Trom each oT The deparTmenTaI alumni associa- Tions, and acTs Tor Them only in such maTTe-rs as require uniTied alumni acTion, such as: annual Eounder's Day celebraTion, decoraTion oT The grave oT PeTer Cooper in Greenwood CemeTery, decoraTion oT The monumenT oT PeTer Cooper in Cooper Square, and decoraTion oT The busT oT PeTer Cooper in The l'lall OT Eame. The Alumni EederaTion was organized abouT eighTeen years ago aTTer The Trial oT a General Alumni AssociaTion which included individual membership Trom all The alumni depa-rTmenTs, and which Tailed because iTs very TormaTion was compeTiTive To The deparTmenTal alumni associaTions. HSHFY D- William The Alumni EederaTion remedied ThaT condiTion. IT is composed oT Ten permanenT delegaTes, Two Trom each OT The Tive deparTmenTs and Ten annually elecTed delegaTes, Two Tram each oT The Tive alumni associaTions. The deparTmenTs represenTed are: General Science lMechanicaI and Civil Engineeringlp ElecTrical Engineering: ArchiTecTurep ChemisTryg InsTiTuTe oT Technology. The EirsT PresidenT oT The EederaTion was J. Charles Riedel, General Science '98 I-le was succeeded by RoberT C. CoTTin, EIecTricaI Engineering 'I4, who in Turn, was succeeded by The presenT PresidenT, I-lenry D. Williams, General Science '85. The permanenT members are: General Science, J. Charles Riedel and Henry D. Williiamsq ElecTricaI Engineering, RoberT C. CoTTin '14 and WiITred .A. Miller 'O8q ArchiTecTure, Edward A. Miller '74 and Vlfilliam I-I. Wagner 'O3g ChemisTry, AlTred I-IiIberT 'OI and ChrisTian Weaver 'O3q InsTiTuTe oT Technology, George E. BaTeman '07 and Charles E. Giraud '08, The presenT oTTicers in addiTion To The PresidenT are Edward A. Miller, EirsT Vice- presidenTg William I-I. Wagner, Second Vice-president AITred I-IiIberT, SecreTary and Treasurer. IT w'ilI be noTed ThaT a member oT The EaculTy, Dean BaTeman, is a permanenT member oT The EederaTion, enabling The EederaTion To lceep in Touch wiTh TaculTy and sTudenT acTiviTies. . The Alumni EederaTion has no oTher income Than whaT is derived Trom The alumni associaTions in The Torm oT proporTionaTe assessmenTs Toward The Alumni EederaTion budgeT. , ThereTore, The eTlecTiveness oT The presenT seT-up depends on The acTive TuncTion- ing oT all The deparTmenTal alumni associaTions, so iT sTill resTs wiTh each and every individual alumnus To awaken To a Teeling oT graTiTude To The insTiTuTion which so unsTinTingly provided The means oT gaining an educaTion and To show ThaT graTiTude by supporTing Their deparTmenTaI alumni associaTions, boTh Tinancially and physically. ARCHITECTURAL ALUMNI ASSGCIATION EXECUTIVE CO U NCI L W. I-I. WAGNER '33 F. N. CANTAMESSNER '25 P. S. ANTI-IES T33 EXECUTIVE BOARD PHILIP S. ANTI-IES '33 THOMAS B. DICKINSON '33 PFGSHJSHT Vice-presicIenT JOSEPH DALIS '3I BERTRAM J. BERTOLAMY '3I SecreTary Treasurer The ArchiTecTural ChapTer oT The Cooper Union Alumni has had an exTremely busy year This season. The oTTicers chosen in The early parT OT The year were: Philip S. AnThes, PresidenT IThird consecuTive Termlg Thomas B. Dickinson, Vice-presidenTg LesTer J. Davis, SecreTaryg and BerTram J. BerToIamy, Treasurer. A Tew monThs laTer, lvlr. Davis, because OT The pressure OT ouTside business. was forced To resign his posiTion. lvlr. J. Dalis '3I was eIecTed unanimously To succeed lvlr. Davis in The oTTice oT SecreTary. Some OT The doings OT The ChapTer This year are mi T T as Tollows: Two ioyous socials Tor The members OT The ChapTer only: The gay gaThering aT The Founders Day Dinner, February IZ, I936g The IecTure-Tour To The MeTro- -! 0 KU' if ? saw -W ' . .1 Philip S. AnThes poIiTan Museum OT ArT. The members aTTending These aTTairs all declare ThaT They had a very enjoyable Time. A new meThod OT awarding The ArchiTecTural Alumni medal was adopTed This year. IT is The inTenTion OT The ChapTer To selecT one group oT graduaTes Tor The purpose OT iudging The class work OT The Seniors during The year and anoTher group To check The exTra-curricular acTiviTies OT The graduaTing class since Their enTrance inTo The Cooper Union. Only men who have been very acTive in schoIasTic and exTra- curricular work during Their courses are eligible Tor This award. The program Tor The remainder OT The year as composed Thus Tar includes: Volun- Teer speakers chosen Trom The members OT The ChapTer To give discourses on speciTic subiecTs relaTing TO The sTudy OT archiTecTure7 a sTag geT-TogeTher, and several lecTure- Tours Through some OT The large buildings, museums, and civic sTrucTures locaTed in and around New York CiTy. The new chairmen oT The cOmmiTTees chosen Tor This year are as Tollows: J. Delvlarco '32, in charge OT Program: A. Pavia '33, Membership: B. BerToIamy '3I, EnTerTainmenTg W. Wagner '03, DeIinquenTg A. Kirschenbaum '33, LecTure-Toursg J. FiTzgerald '33, Financial. The oTTicers and members OT This C-hapTer Take This OpporTuniTy To wish all old graduaTes and The new I936 graduaTes OT The ArchiTecTural Course loTs OT success, wiTh The hope ThaT we shall hear Trom Them in The near TuTure. Charles Jellinek PresidenT Henry Williams IsT Vice-presidenT Samuel Ochs 2nd Vice-presidenT AlTred Rader 3rd Vice-presidenT GENERAL SCIENCE The General Science Alumni AssociaTion is The oIdesT graduaTe organizaTion oT The Cooper Union. IT has iTs origin in I877, ThirTeen years aTTer The TirsT class oT Tive men were graduaTed Trom The ScienTiTic Course in IS64. From among These classes, The TirsT Cooper Union Alumni Associa- Tion was Tormed. PrompTed by a desire To carry on The work begun by PeTer Cooper, They aimed To creaTe an organizaTion ThaT would Take upon iTselT The privilege and duTy of keeping alive The honored TradiTions oT The Cooper Union. The organizaTion grew under The name oT The Cooper Union Alumni AssociaTion inTo a large, closely uniTed group. Under iTs auspices annual dinners were held on I:ounder's Day and monThly meeTings were conducTed during The school year. The AssociaTion even esTabIished iTs own library. DespiTe numerous seTbacks, The organizaTion conTinued To Tlourish as The resuIT oT concerTed eTTorT oT a Tew men Truly inTeresTed in The welTare oT The Cooper Union. IT is To These men: I-Ienry Kalfrenbach, William P. I-lennessy, I-lenry D. Williams, Charles I-I. Dilg, Sergis F. Sammarco, Irving I-I. Fisher, William S. Bondy, and I'l. J. Laber, and To Their eTTorTs ThaT The AssociaTion owes iTs conTinued exisT- ence. The General Science Alumni AssociaTion now has a nominal membership oT TiTTeen hundred. Regular meeTings are held in November, January and April, aT which addresses oT scienTiTic inTeresT are presenTed. VisiTs are made To var- ious proiecTs oT indusTriaI, educaTional, and engineering inTeresT. These addresses and Tours are well-aTTended by The members who Teel cerTain ThaT Their oTTicers are bending all Their eTTorTs To arrange boTh proTiTabIe and enjoyable programs. In June, I92l, a smoker was given To The class OT l92l and, since Then, This annual cusTom has conTinued eiTher as a Smoker, Dinner Dance, or BuTTeT Supper and RecepTion. These social aTTairs help To cause a renewal of inTeresT in The AssociaTion and iT is hoped ThaT wiTh The conTinued inTusion oT The newer graduaTes, These TuncTions will aTTracT an ever-increasing aTTendance, The AssociaTion has been a regular conTribuTor To The Alumni and AssociaTes Fund. IT has also macle donaTions Tor schoIasTic prizes and Tor books and drawing insTrumenTs To be loaned To needy sTudenTs. ln iTs mosT recenT eTTorTs ALUMNI ASSCCIATION The organizaTion has iniTiaTed The plan To secure gymnasium and swimming pool TaciliTies Tor The sTudenTs. This move- menT was carried ouT under The sponsorship oT The Alumni FederaTion and The use oT The ChrisTadora l-louse was ob- Tained. The General Science Alumni also donaTed The nucleus OT The Tund Tor The busT OT PeTer Cooper in The l'lall oT Fame, compleTely TiTTed and Turnished The STudenTs and GraduaTes Room, and conTribuTed The Trameworlc and ToundaTion Tor The bas-relieT oT PeTer Cooper by AugusTus ST. Gaudens, locaTed in The Main Hall oT The FoundaTion Building. Alumni members have also made individual con- TribuTions in The Torm oT moneTary giTTs, endowmenTs, scho- larships, libraries and laboraTory apparaTus. , The carrying ouT OT The purposes oT The AssociaTion, as ouTlined in ArTicle ll oT The consTiTuTion which Tollows is an ideal suTFicienTly broad To sTimulaTe The enThusiasm oT all men worThy To be called The sons oT The Cooper Union: FirsT-To uniTe The graduaTes oT The General Science oT The Cooper Union in The 'bonds oT Tellow- ship. Second-To encourage scienTiTic inquiry and promoTe inTerchange oT inTormaTion in The ArTs and Sciences. Third-To cooperaTe wiTh The Board oT TrusTees and The various Alumni and STudenT OrganizaTions in achieving The ideals oT our Founder. FourTh-To encourage The philanThropic docTrines oT The Cooper Union. ConTorming To This ouTline, The AssociaTion has, aT The Time OT The wriTing oT This arTicle, a movemenT under way To uniTe all The individual Alumni AssociaTions oT The diTierenT schools comprising The Cooper Union. The essence oT This plan is To have one Alumni AssociaTion, wiTh a chapTer Tor each deparTmenT oT The school and each TraTerniTy. lT is hoped ThaT Through This movemenT, more men will Tind an inTeresTing as well as beneTicial means oT conTinuing The Triendships culTivaTed during The years aT Cooper Union. ln spiTe oT how liTTle or 'how much The AssociaTion has accomplished, iT could accomplish more if The graduaTes oT The Cooper Union, and Those who will soon be graduaTes, give To iT even a small proporTion oT The energy ThaT They display in obTaining Trom The Cooper Union all The beneTiTs ThaT They can. Charles Dilg Treasurer George Wilson SecreTary Frederick Caiola DelegaTe William Pagelow DelegaTe COOPER UNION CHEMICAL SOCIETY FRANK SPITALERI ARTHUR KAPPLER HOWARD DUFFY LESTER KENWORTHY WILLIAM LA ROSA JOSEPH MROWKA CARL BUSSOW GORDON BROWN EXECUTIVE BOARD FRANK SPITALERI CARL BUSSOW PresidenT SSCVGTBVY LESTER KENWORTHY ARTHUR KAPPLER Vice-presidenl Treasurer The Cooper Union Chemical SocieTy was organized in I894 Tor The purpose oT promoTing good Tellowship and scienTiTic discussion among The alumni and seniors oT The Chemical and Chemical Engineering Courses. To carry ouT These purposes, The SocieTy holds an Annual Dinner in January and combinaTion smoker and business meeTings in May and November. Lecrure meeT- ings are conducTed monThly during The college year aT which men, experT in some parTicular Tield, Talk abouT Their specialized phase oT The chemical indusTry and answer any cguesTions aslced by The audience. This year The Tollowing lecTures were delivered: ProT. ChrisTian Weaver ..... ChemisTry OT MalTing ProT. ChrisTian Vlfeaver .... ChemisTry oT Brewing Colonel Gibson . Chemical WarTare: PasT, PresenT, and PuTure PrevosT Hubbard . Paving The Bed oT The Mississippi River Dr. E. A, Saul . Cellular Enzymes and Cellular RespiraTion Julian Reasenberg . . . ProducTion oT LighT by Chemical ReacTion The SocieTy awards prizes annually To The besT sTudenTs in chemisTry as selecTed by The TaculTy. IT also conTers a Medal oT Honor Tor ouTsTanding work in The Tield oT chemisTry. This medal is awarded only aT rare inTervals. In addiTion To iTs acTiviTies wiTh chemisTs and chemical engineers, The SocieTy cooperaTes wiTh The oTher Alumni SocieTies Through The medium oT The Alumni Fed- eraTion oT The Cooper Union. PATRONS We wish To express our sincere graTiTude To The Tollowing members oT The TaculTy insTrucTing sTaTTs, alumni, and adrninisTraTion oT The Cooper Union, who have gre ciously paTronizecl The I936 issue oT The CABLE: EDWIN ACKER J. O. ARKEBAUER C. DALE BADGELEY ALBERT BALL GEORGE F. BATEMAN ALBERT BOLTIZAR LOUIS J. BORSTELMAN WILLIAM E. BOSSERT RAY C. BRUMFIELD ROY W. BURNS FRANK COSMEN ROBERT CROCKETT EDWIN H. DAFTER ANTHONY DAINO GEORGE EBERLIN HENRY C. ENDERS WERNER ENTENMANN SAMUEL ENTWISTLE DOMINICK J. ERMILIO A. J. B. FAIRBURN RAOUL A. FARALLA GEORGE H. FERRENZ FRED F. FOSS EDWARD D. FOX THOMAS GARVEY OLAF G. GERDIN JACOB GERTZ GERALD C. GLASER WILLIAM GOLDSMITH KARL HAUPTMAN HENRY B. HOPE J. PAUL J. WILLIAMS CHARLES JELLINEK ARTHUR R. JENSEN CHARLES V. KENISON RAYMOND KUNZ JOHN W. LANGGUTH EDWARD J. LARKIN CHARLES LEHMANN P. J. MAGLIATO JOHN H. MORIARITY GEORGE S. MUELLER PHILIP NUDD JAMES O'DONNELL HENRY OTTEN WILLIAM T. PETERSEN WILLIAM J. PICKETT BRUCE RABENOLD HARRY W. REDDICK J. CHAS. RIEDEL CLIFFORD RODD HERBERT F. ROEMMELE EMANUEL A. SALMA ESMOND SHAW WILLIAM H. SPAHN HERMAN STEMPER L, L. B. SUMMERS RAY SZYMANOWITZ F. HOWARD TALLMAN JOSEPH J. TANZOLA E. G. TAPLIN ALLAN L. TARR WILLIAM VOPAT RECOGNITIONS T The Tollowing persons Tor Their im- We oT The I936 CABLE are indebTed o I Q . measurable assisTance To us in The producTion oT This volume. WiThouT Their willing ' 'I d ' roducing This, The Tour- d hel Tul suggeshons The wo rI4 enTale In p cooperaTion an p . ' ' Id h e been insurmounTable. TeenTh ediTion oT The CABLE, wou av Samuel Chernoble oT Ralph Gershaw oT Th The ComeT Press e ArThur STudios John R. SaTTord oT The Cooper Union BeaTrice J. Turk of The ArT John ScoTTy Tecla E. Anslovar Tor hur STudios McKechnie her secreTarial assisTance Irmgaard Doering Tor her ediToriaI assisTance Gra G. VioIeT Olsen Tor he CaTherine I-Iauclc Tor her se R. EsTeIIe I-lagerTy Tor her design and exec I d d'ToriaI assisTance ce M. BooTh Tor her secreTaria an e I r secreTariaI and ediToriaI assisTanCe creTarial and ediToriaI assisTance uTion oT The T The hoTomonTages TiTIe page and composiTion o p h lc eciall Miss Sylvia Rosen Sales ExecuTive o TThe ComeT We wish also To T an esp y - . , ' ' ' ' T' TThis volume. Press, Tor The unTiring ma nner in which she aided us in The consTruc: lon o ACKNOWLEDGMENTS h h Turnished phoTographs The assisTance OT The Tollowing organizaTions w o ave and ROCKEFELLER CENTER. Inc. BOEING AIRCRAFT COMPANY COLUMBIA STEEL COMPANY EMPIRE STATE BUILDING, Inc. PORT of NEW YORK AUTHORITY BROOKLYN EDISON COMPANY INTERNATIONAL SALT COMPANY GOODRICI-I TIRE and RUBBER COMPANY LONG ISLAND STATE PARK COMMISSION TII Ic wled ed. daTa Tor The compilaTion oT our Theme is graTe u y ac no g UNITED AIR LINES, Inc. UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD U. S. DEPARTMENT oT INTERIOR TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTI-IORITY WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CO. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION CI-IRYSLER MOTORS CORPORATION E. I. DuPONT de NEMOURS COMPANY CHICAGO and BURLINGTON RAILROAD I-IARRY ARNOLD and His CLUBMEN Complimenjfs OT The M. FLEMING'S CIGAR STORE C.iGARS,Of.Z1LeEigf'ffsliflililfff CANDY 5 A 9 A M O R E DRydock 4-9260 63 COOPER SQUARE C A F E T E R I A ANNE M. MILLER RESTAURANT ' 48 WEST EIGHTH STREET LUNCI-IEON .... 4Oc DINNER .... 5Oc - 75c I9 THIRD AVENUE SPECIAL COCKTAILS EVERY DAY - NEW YQRK' Y' FROM l5c up IN KEEPING WITI-I TI-IE SOUND PRINCIPLES OF BANKINO The Corn Exchange Bank TrusT CO. sTands Tor saTe and conserveTive managemenT OT iTs cIeposiTors' Tunds: by This is rneenT ThaT Those Tunols will be invesTed only in The securiTies OT, or loaned To, cOnservaTive and well-esTablished concerns and Tor promoTing legiTimaTe business, and will noT be loaned in spec:ulaTive enTerprises, even Though This could be done aT greaTer proTiT To The company. CORN EXCHANGE BANK TRUST CC. EsTablished T853 73 convenienTly locaTed branches To serve you. SENIOR ROSTER INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Barry, Andrew F ..... I I7 Bradford Ave., Rye, N. Y. Berlin, Abraham ,,,,.,,,,,........ 605 5Isl' SI.. BFOOICIYVI Capo, Joseph J .,,,,........ 2I3 E. 34IIl SI'-I Fischer Edward ..,. 2lO4 Aqueducl Ave. E., Bronx Bronx Lehli, Henry J .,............. 27I9 Fenlon Ave., BVOVIX Lipschilz, Maurice .,.. 726 Wes'I' Side Ave., J. C. Mikulka, Charles .,....., 598 SI. Mary's SI., N.Y.C. Moore, VincenI .... 88 Park Ave., Porl Washinglon Slillman, lsadore .............. Bl PUIGSICI Sl.. BFOOIYIYVI Tedesco, John T ......,,. l404 Prospecl Ave., N.Y.C. Korn, Fred ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,........ 532 Wales AVG-I ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Cardenas, Lovell F ..,.......... 229 E. 7flI SI.. N-Y-C1 Decker, Harold D .......,. 934 E. I79Ih SI., Bronx D'Elia, Michael P ......... l3B4 E. l2Ih SI., Brooklyn Evans, Lewis M .,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 260 VV. 44Ih SI., Fischler, Alberl .... 3066 Brighlon 5Ih SI., Brooklyn Gerhold, Roberl .... I23O E. Tremonl Ave., N.Y.C. Golub, Edward ,,,-,-,,,,,, 405 Quenlin Rd., Brooklyn Grossman, Ben I ......,.. 475 Paulison Ave., Passaic Johnson, Charles H ......... 629 40+h SI., Brooklyn Kendall, Roberr .... I IO Manchesler Ave., Palerson Koslriza, John A ..... BO Brewsler SI., S. I., N. Y. Le Maire, John A ..... 23l Olis Ave., S. I., N. Y. Parlridge, William F ..... 2l5 W. 23rd SI., N.Y.C. Pollyea, Myron H ..... 2lO5 E. I4'rh Sr., Brooklyn Reynolds, Thomas W ......... 326 High S+., Passaic Schenker, B ..... I308 Palisade Plaza, Hudson H'Is. Scully, John J ....... 79l Amslerdam Ave., N.Y.C. Seilried, Dean B ............................................. N.Y.C- Slodola, Edwin .... 22IWesImins'I'er Rd., Brooklyn Teller, A .,... IO9-I8 Leflerls Blvd., S. Ozone Pk. Turkin, Hyman C ............. 638 Essex S+.. Brooklyn Weber, John A ......... l265 College Ave., Bronx CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Axelrod, Max ................ 2l42 E. Blh SI., Brooklyn Cesalelii, Louis .... I9 Knapp Ave., Cliflon, N. J. Cooper, George T ..... 3l8 Union SI., Jersey Cily Dowden, Philip R ............. IOZO Carroll Pl., Bronx Goldman, Louis .... 38 Myrlle Ave., Spring Valley High, Roy V ................... I I6 Sayre SI., Elizabelh Jud, Edwin J ......... IB4-IO 89Ih Ave., Hollis, N. Y. Kaplan, Sranley J ......... I3l4 Leland Ave., Bronx Karnolsky, George ,......... I764 5OIh SI., Brooklyn Kisbany, Edward ................ 444 83rd SI., Brooklyn Leyes, Charles .... 347 Danlorlh Ave., Jersey'Ci'l'y Mallz, Joseph ................ 4389 Malilda SI., N.Y.C. Medoil, Jack I ............. 262 Hewes SI., Brooklyn Moleizik, Charles B ........... 30-59 48Ih SI., L.l.C. Rosenberg, Harry E ..,.. 2IO E. Henry S+., Linden Smilh, Hylas W ..... I43-46 Franklin Ave., Flushing Slaalerman, Henry G ..... 397 Willis Ave., Bronx Slumpp, Charles .... 2OIO Valenline Ave., N.Y.C. Weinslein, Sidney R ............. l28 2nd SI., N.Y.C. Whife, R ......... 8 Flower Hill PI., PI. Washinglon Wolk, Morris ................ 24l5 Creslon Ave., Bronx CIVIL ENGINEERING Baplisla, Fredk. W ..... 504 W. I57Ih SI., N.Y.C. Bihler, David W ......... 3738 Olinville Ave., Bronx Black Irving ............ I973 Douglass SI., Brooklyn Flelcher, Roberl' J ......... I36'2O 6IsI Rd., Flushing Heine, Harvey W ......... I I93 Fullon Ave., N.Y.C. Kudak, Waller ........ 7I8 W. Blancke SI., Linden Lieber, Henry G ..... 8049 88Ih Rd., Woodhaven Lipschilz, David .......... 46l2 l2lh Ave., Brooklyn Maronne, A. A ..... I33 N. Fillh Ave., MI. Vernon Pall, Abraham ........ 3l5 Hopkinson Ave., Brooklyn SI'ein, David ...........,......,, 53 Myrlle Ave., Passaic Yokola, George J .,....... 3OI W. II2Ih SI., N.Y.C. NIGHT SCHOOL of ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Ackerl. George F ............... 35-28 34-III Sr., L.I.C. Arala. Charles A ............... 2I3 6'rh Ave., N.Y.C. Begelman, Charles .... I95I Soulhern Blvd., Bronx Boiia. Angelo .............. 4Il W. 44lh SI., N.Y.C. Dre Maio, Joseph J ......... I4 Arion Pl., Brooklyn Fink, Millon .......... Gangi, Salvalore. Gudel, Julian F... l224 Wallon Ave., N.Y.C. .........4l2 Pulaski SI., Brooklyn .....,.574 73rd SI., Brooklyn Gunkel, Roberf E ......... I IO Suydam SI., Brooklyn Horesla, Slephen G ....... 54 Burgess Pl., Passaic Horowilz, Bernard ........ I723 W. Srh SI., Brooklyn Kivo, Seymour ...... ................345l Giles Pl., Bronx Kliglield, George ....... Korn, Norman L ......... Kugelmas, Harry ........ Lindheimer, Werner... .3765 l8I'h Ave., Brooklyn ........529 Foresl Ave., S. I. l22 SI. Mark's Pl., N.Y.C. .....I23O Brook Ave., Bronx Luckner, Leo B ............... 87I3 55+h Ave., Elmhusl Marlinez, Joseph ........ IO44 Bryanl Ave., Bronx Roberls, John A ........,.. 2I4 W. 69Ih SI., N.Y.C. Rosen. James ........................ Il E. 7I'h SI., N.Y.C. Schaal, G ..... 6l-55 Fresh Pond Rd., Ridgewoood Scharl, Hyman .... 605 Rockaway Ave., Brooklyn Silverman, Sol. H ........... 365 E. 93rd SI., Brooklyn Sverdlik, Israel ........ I44-32 Liberry Ave., Jamaica Yesowilz, Max ............ 58l Linwood SI., Brooklyn ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Adler, Herberl' .............. l265 E. Blh SI.. Brooklyn Aruck, Michael ,,,,,,,,,,,, 937 E, IBISI SI., N.Y.C. Bauman, Hyman .............. 202l 6'lSI' SI., Brooklyn Berg, Slanley E ......... 94I3 74Ih Sl., Woodhaven Burke, James J ............... 649 Dahill RCI., Brooklyn Calaldo, Viclor E ..... 943 Longwood Ave., Bronx Coleman, Irwin M ......... SBI Academy SI., N.Y.C. Dlugalch, Irwin .... 678 Willoughby Ave., Brooklyn Cullica, Hercules ........ 408 W. 46Ih SI., N.Y.C. FRANK'S FAMOUS Sc SANDWICHES DRyclocIc 4-2746 2I SEVENTH STREET ALVIN POMERANTZ and His BLUES RHYTHM ORCHESTRA 6l5 BROAD AVENUE Ridgefield, N. Y. CONTINUE TO SUPPORT THE BLANKET FEE . . . THE ANNUAL DANCE, CABLE, ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION and PIONEER ARE MADE POSSIBLE BY IT ....... L M E E T YOUR FRIENDS WHERE THE FOOD IS GOOD. THE PRICE IS RIGHT, AND THE ATMOSPHERE IS CONDUCIVE TO GOOD FELLOWSHIP, . . REIS CAFETERIA I7 ASTOR PLACE Across The Square THE COOPER UNION ANNUAL DANCE HOTEL ROOSEVELT 45+l-i STREET and MADISON AVE. - SATURDAY, APRIL IIII1, I936 - THE L. 6. BALFOUR COMPANY ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS Manufaclurers of Badges A+I1Ie+ic Figures Rings Door Plales Favors Medals Programs Caps Slalionery Trophies Fralerniiy Jewelry Medallions Memorial Tableis Plaques Emblem Insignia KNOWN WHEREVER THERE ARE SCHOOLS ancl COLLEGES Subscriplion Dancing , 53.00 per couple 9:30 'ro 3:00 a.m. New York Office 535 Fiflh Avenue DRESS OPTIONAL SENIOR ROSTER Duguid, Raymond ...... I67 Linden Blvd., Brooklyn Gademann, O .,... 520 Evergreen Ave., Brooklyn Garrison, Vernon ..., I37 Woodbine Ave., Brooklyn Gill, James J ,,w.,.,,,,,,, 47-22 45+h S+., Woodside Goldberg, Mil+on .... 6I8 Franklin S+., EIizabe+h Gorman, Charles ..,. I53-24 Sanford Ave., Flushing Gravdal, Nils ,,,.,...,.,,........,. 45-I4 42nd S+.. L.I.C. Kilmer, R ..... I25406 Jamaica Ave., Richmond Hill Kovacsevics, G ..... 96 Derby S+., Valley S+ream Kugler, Leo .... 440 7+h S+., Wes+ New York, N. J. Landsverk, A ......... I65 l5+h S+., Wes+ New York Lulqani+5Ql'1, L, R ,,,,,.,,,,,,, 7-9 E. IO9+I'1 S+., Mager, Irving ,,,,,,,,.,,, 487 Columbus Ave., N.Y.C. Ma+5on, David L .,,,,,,...... 50 Turner PI., Brooklyn Munn, Al+red ,....,.. l5I Jay Ave., Lyndhurs+, N. J. Normann, Joseph .... II42 Hancock S+., Brooklyn Orellana, Ilde+onso .... 88I7 5O+h Ave., Elmhurs+ Os+erholz, D ..... 60-I5 Woodbine S+., Ridgewood Perlman, Irving ............ IOO4 Union S+.. Brooklyn Quick, W. S ..... 543 Shackamaxon Dr., Wes++ield Rich, Abraham J ......... 587 Powell S+., Brooklyn Scanlon, Rober+ P ,.... 3285 Deca+ur Ave., Bronx Schumacher, Henry ,,,,,,,,,,,, 360 46+h S+., Brooklyn Shahro+F,iHarry .,....,..... 287 W. 3O+h S+.. N.Y.C. Thorsen, Thoral+ E .,.,.,.., 54I8 8+h Ave., Brooklyn Velleman. Jack.. .502 McDonald Ave., Brooklyn Visco, Pasquale E ............... 303 bfh Ave.. N.Y.C. Warren, Cli++ord A ..... 967 W. 4+h S+., Plainfield Way, Mil+on T .,..........,.... 790I 4+h Ave., Brooklyn Wegele, RudoI+ V ........... I784 Is+ Ave., N.Y.C. Whi+e, Edward G .,.., l20-36 I95+h S+., S+. Albans Weisendanger, E. J .......,. 200 E. I6+h S+., N.Y.C. Zenoni, Wal+er E ..... 2750 Paulding Ave., N.Y.C. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Aronson, David ......,....... l4l6 48+h S+., Brooklyn Benda, George P ..... 454 Seneca Ave., Ridgewood Bergman, Ralph J ...,... 755 Sou+hern Blvd., Bronx Boo+hby, O+is L ....,.........,.... 357 9+h S+., Brooklyn Boross, S+ephen ........ 740i Ridge Blvd., Brooklyn Cooper, Morris .......,..,...,. 670 E. I76+h S+., Bronx Czarnecki, John D ..... 53 Highland Ave., J. C. Drimer, David ................ II24 Ward Ave., Bronx Edman, Wal+er W ..,.......... 8I3 7Is+ S+., Brooklyn Emigholz, Frederick .,.. I85 Conover S+., Brooklyn Hill, Joseph A ..,.,,,,...., l690 Union S+., Brooklyn Hunger. Meyer M .........,... I I8 Herzel S+., N.Y.C. Kelley, Eugene A ..... I4 Miller Pl., Hemps+ead Levine, Beniamin .....,..,. IIO5 Elder Ave., N.Y.C. Schneider, A ......... I454 S+. John's Pl., Brooklyn Schramm, Louis ,... II7-09 I30+h Ave., Rich. Hill Tomashevsky, Harry ......,... I30 Avenue D, N.Y.C. Vifald, Na+han .......... 740 Cauldwell Ave., Bronx Wein+raub, Wm ......... 988 Greene Ave., Brooklyn CIVIL ENGINEERING Bank. Hyman .............. 236I E. 2-4+h S+., Brooklyn BIGSS, Edw. J ..................... 72l 56+h S+., Brooklyn Bollman, Leslie W ............, 32-28 47+h S+., LIC, Caspersoon, S+en A ......... 535 Dean S+., Brooklyn Cassell, John A ......... I59 Gels+on Ave., Brooklyn Cohen, Hyman I ............. l0I8 Hoe Ave., Bronx Coonan, L ............. 3879 Flaflands Ave., Brooklyn Du+l:y, Charles C ................. 67 69+h S+., Brooklyn Eichenbaum, L ......... 53I Greene Ave., Brooklyn Ei+elberg, Sidney ........ I04 Heyward S+., Brooklyn Famoso, Joseph .................. 5I4 58+h S+., Brooklyn Flynn, John T ............. 523 W. II2+h S+., N.Y.C. Ginesin, Samuel ............ 437 Amboy S+., Brooklyn Gomez, Claude .... 206 34+h S+., N. Bergen, N. J. Happ, Emme+ G ........... 90 Remsen S+., Brooklyn Herdman, Alber+ ........ 470 W. I66+h S+., N.Y.C. Hornby, Lewis A ..... 3I BeImon+ Ave., Jersey Ci+y Krueger, P. C., Jr ..... 2I07 Tomlinson Ave., Bronx Landin, Ar+hur D ..... I675 Universi+y Ave., N.Y.C. Lewis, Irving D ................. 2I E. IIO+h S+., N.Y.C. Linsky, David J ................. I I35 54+h S+., Brooklyn Luna, Wm. A ..... 2537 Grand Concourse, N.Y.C. Mal+er, Charles .................. 55 Avenue C, N.Y.C. Mazzucca, Joseph A ..... 398 E. I52nd S+., N.Y.C. McNerney, John J ..... 539 W. I50+h S+., N.Y.C. Mendizza, Germano R ..... 818 62nd S+., Brooklyn Milber+, Hyman ........ IO60 Sherman Ave., Bronx Nes+i, An+hony J ..... 2l0 Fingerboard Rd., S. I. Passel, Leon .................... I536 Seabury PI., Bronx Pellegrini, W. U ..................... 5 King S+., N.Y.C. Rive+z, Mar+in .... 539 Chris+opher Ave., Brooklyn Ruchman, Joseph ........ 787 Prospec+ Ave., Bronx Schmid+, Frank J ..... 426 Menahan S+., Ridgewood Segalman, A. L ..... 298 Tompkins Ave., Brooklyn Siegel, Leonard ......., 95 Gran+ Ave., Jersey Ci+y S+ern, Adolph .... 2880 Brigh+on 6+h S+., Brooklyn Sondermeyer, John .... I23 N. I3+h S+., Pa+erson Taras, Paul ,.,................, 848 Tin+on Ave., N.Y.C. Tracey, Frank .... I6 S+a+e Normal Pl., Jersey Ci+y Vinci, Carmelo .... 365 George Rd., Cliffside Park Wes+man, John F ......... I44 Waverly Pl., N.Y.C. Wilson, Edmund B ..... I8I Vermilyea Ave., N.Y.C. DAY ART SCHOOL Axelrod, Diana ...... 22I Rec+or S+., Per+h Amboy Bax+er, Sylvia M ......... 6l6 W. II5+h S+., N.Y.C. BIa++eI, Ber+ha ............ 950 Bronx Pk. So., N.Y.C. Bragonier, M ..... 4250 Mara+hon Ave., Li++le Neck Doyle, Elsa M ................. I93-21 IO9+h Rd., Hollis Durham, Lalah ...,.,....,,.,.... I9 W. 3ls+ S+., N.Y.C. Francis, Margare+ .................... Glen Head, N. Y. Golobe, Doro+hy ........ 820 Riverside Dr., N.Y.C. Gould, Edy+he ............ 516 W. I49+h S+., N.Y.C. Hall, Jane ....................,..... 2I E. 52nd S+., N.Y.C. Har+ley, Eleanor .... I28 Buckingham Rd., Yonkers Ho++mann, Louise K ............. Orangeburg. N. Y. Hurevi+z, Mariorie .... 272 Terhune Ave., Passaic Kalcko++, Louise .... 4002 Carpen+er Ave., N.Y.C. Lapinsky, V ..... 625 Valley Brook Ave., Lyndhurs+ Loubriel, George H ..... 206 E. 32nd S+., N.Y.C. Ludwig, Amanda ...... 624 Eas+ Blvd., Weehawken Maron, S ..... 55 Clin+on Ave., Wes+wood, N. J. Meyrson, Ri+a .............,.... I34 W. 4+h S+., N.Y.C. Morse, Resabelle J ..... 47I Sena+or S+., Brooklyn Payne, Lorene ,.,,.,....,....,.,,. I9 W. 3Is+ S+., N.Y.C. Robinson, Margare+ ........ 6I W. 9+h S+., N.Y.C. OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHER fo r THE 'I936 CABLE The Arihur Sluclios considers if a privilege io have been connecied wilh Mr. Charles Alan l-lauclc, Edi- ior-in-Chiel, and Mr. Philip Edwin l-lagerly, Managing Edilor, in Jrhe conslruclrion of This beauliful vol- ume and wishes To lhank lhern for iheir splendid cooperaiion. . . A 4 P v ARTHUR STUDIOS Inc. NEW . YORK - CITY SENIOR ROSTER Rogers, Doro+hy V .,... Towers Ap+s., Grea+ Neck Schmid+, Margare+ A ..... 291 Sherman Ave., J. C. Schward+, Marion ........ 86-13 56+h Ave., E1mhurs+ Sparrow, Sylvia F ,,,,,,,w,,,,, 1548 50111 Si., BfOOlCIyl'1 Spellqel ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,A,,,,, 36 101'I'1 SIE, Sfelbaok, Anna M ..... 537 Main S+., Poughkeepsie Walek, Sfella ,,,,,,,,,,,,,. 616 W. 115111 S+., N.Y.C. Williams, Lillian ........ 311 Clinfon Ave., Plainfield Wurm, Lillian F .,,,,,,,,,... 2280 E. 7+11 S+., BFOOIKIYVI NIGHT SCHOOL of ART P1cToR1A1. DESIGN Bonser, William D .....,.., 59 MiddIe+on S+., N.Y.C. Boruch, Frank ........ 19 E. 215+ S+., Bayonne, N. J. Brill, Ar+hur .,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,, 3881 Sacke+ S+., Brooklyn C01-len, Selma ,,,,,,,,,,.,..,.,,., 419 E. 14'+I'1 Si.. Conzgni, Anna lvl ,,,,,,,,,,-,, Essex Si., BFOOIKIYFI Cooper, Mil+on H ..... 2380 Cres+on Ave., Bronx Cugmo, Guy J ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 426 W. 16O'1'1'1 S+.. DeLorenzo, Maurice T ..... 539 82nd S+., Brooklyn Dermgdyl John T ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 419 I6+h S+., Brooklyn Deuer, 1-1 ..... 8804 Commonwea1+h Blvd., Bellaire Deulrgqh, 1-lilda G .,,,,,,,,,.., 223 2nd Ave., Dingilian, Dikran A ..... 601 W. 184+h S+., N.Y.C. Dugker, Aaron ,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,. 476 E. 9B'11'1 S+., BFOOIKIYFI Goldman, F ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3847 Sedgewick Ave.. Bronx Markowi+z, Murray L ..... 16 E. I2O+h S+., N.Y.C. 0'Nea1, Olive S ..,,. 9516 111+h S+., Richmond 1-Iill Os+uni, Pe+er W ..,.. 4310 Richardson Ave., N.Y.C. Pepperrnan, Sam ....,,..,,.... 8 Sumner Ave.. N.Y.C. Physioc, Frances F ....,..,. Roxbury Rd., S+am+ord Reich, Sydney 1-I .,........... 693 Logan S+., Brooklyn Reisig, Mabel F ....,........ 123 W. l3+11 S+., N.Y.C. Schlein, Frieda B ......... 129 Riving+on S+., N.Y.C. S+eeIe, Yvonne E ....... 44 Merri++ Ave., Tuckahoe Wool+, Rose ,,...,.............. 1956 6O+h S+., Brooklyn Hayes, Edna M ..... 7704 97+h Ave., Ozone Park Kadison, Grace J ..... 2092 Davidson Ave., N.Y.C. Kasazkow, Beni. J ......... 2439 Barker Ave., Bronx Klieger, Harry M ......... 1045 Gran+ Ave., Bronx Sarlin, L ...., cfo YMI-IA, Lexing+on Ave., N.Y.C. Sco++, Earl C .....,,,. 409 Edgecomloe Ave., N.Y.C. Spieler, Ru+h ,.,...,,.,...... 2085 Wa1+on Ave., Bronx Tempel, Na+han .,......,... 550 Jackson Ave., Bronx Tepper, Sol ........................ 1859 73rd S+., Brooklyn Verman, William ............ 309 E. I97+h S+., Bronx ADVERTISING DESIGN Bauer, Max M ............. 482 E. 142nd S+., N.Y.C. Block, Mil+on A .....,..... 1378 Teller Ave., N.Y.C. Bourdon, Zigmundo J ......... 3278 35+h S+., L.l.C. Canales, Ariel .........,.... 218 W. 72nd S+., N',Y,C, Connell, Virginia .... 651 Evergreen Ave., Brooklyn Dreib1a++, Mil+on L ......,.. 8789 17+h Ave., Brooklyn Dwyer, Vincen+ .... 3723 92nd Ave., Jackson 1-1+s. Goldberg, Carl ............ 1565 Theriof Ave., Bronx Greenbaum, Louis ........,.,. 1379 Bris+ow S+., Bronx Manfredi, Nicholas .,.. 2427 Belmonf Ave., Bronx Ma+hewson, T ........... 107 MacLain Ave., Yonkers Pe1+o1a, Y ..... 263 Longwor+h Ave., Hasbrouck 1-1+s. Puccio, John J ..... 821 Willoughby Ave., Brooklyn Salmieri, Frank J .....,...,... 373 12+h S+., Brooklyn Saxon, Bernard .......,.,,. 692 W. 204+h S+., N.Y.C. Schneeberg, Wm. J ..... 416 E. 28+h S+., Brooklyn Su+o, Akos ............,........... 1016 Bryan+ Ave., Bronx Weber, Samuel S ..... 311 245+h S+., Union Ci+y Wrigh+, Joseph R ......... 22 Duncan Ave., N.Y.C. Zeue1o++, Leo L .........,........... 926 51s+ S+., Brooklyn ARCHITECTURE Aba++e, John A ......... 2199 Holland Ave., N.Y.C. Apcs+o1ou, Nicholas .,.. 86 Quen+in Rd., Brooklyn Auerbach, Sam .... 669 New Jersey Ave., Brooklyn Bello, Ferdinand ..,......... 213 E. I06+h S+., N.Y.C. Blaha, Frank, Jr ..,.......... 37-15 64+h S+., Woodside Brady, Edward J ............. 554 72nd S+., Brooklyn Can+or, Louis .................,.. 1917 64+h S+., Brooklyn Char1es+on, M ..... 593 Van Siclen Ave., Brooklyn Coruzzi, A1+red G .... ,..., 3 O0 E. 43rd S+., N.Y.C. Crimmins, Ar+hur .... 166 Bergen Ave., Jersey Ci+y Da1+on, Gerald F ......... 401 Vernon Ave., L.1.C. Dingen+ha1, Julius ........ 1265 Wal+on Ave., Bronx Di Paola, Bernard ............ 556 River S+., Pa+erson Drake, Margare+ G ..,.. 1447 Troy Ave., Brooklyn Elbaum. Max C ............. 6007 215+ Ave., Brooklyn Friedman, David W ..... 250 Gra++on S+., Brooklyn Friedman, Seymour ......., 906 Avenue N, Brooklyn Friedman, Solomon ....,.., 901 E. 172nd S+., Bronx Goldman. Sidney ............ 1761 81s+ S+., Brooklyn Gulko, Samuel .,.......... 1341 C1in+on Ave., N.Y.C. 1-Ianpashian, Edw. A ......... 25-56 34+h S+., L.1.C. 1-1e+1an, Bernard A ..,..,... 246 W. 106+h S+., N.Y.C. I-1o+1zimer, Irving ............ 1231 43rd S+., Brooklyn Half, F ..... 50 Washing+on Ave., Pearl Riv., N. Y. I-luberman, S ....... 1299 Eas+ern Pkway., Brooklyn Ingram, George I-1 ..... 117 4+h S+., Ridge+ie1d Pk. Isaacs, Eric B ..,.................. 228 E. 6+h S+., N.Y.C. Jensen, William E .,..,........ 102 Decker Ave., S. 1. Jensky, Ar+hur ........ 435 Eas+ern Pkway., Brooklyn Koch, Rober+ ......,,.....,.,,,,, 24-46 26+h S+., As+oria Koszalka, John J ......,.... 140 N. 8+h S+., Brooklyn Lei+ner, Louis L .,,,,,,.,,... 9 Veronica PI., Brooklyn Lobue, Frank R ......... 864 Cauldwell Ave., Bronx McDonough, J ..... 626 Sheridan Ave., P1ain+ie1d Monak, Edmund G ..... 3128 Fair+ie1d Ave., Bronx Oliver, James ........ 2418 Cambreleng Ave., Bronx Orlansky. Reuben ............ 402 E. 65+11 S+., N.Y.C. Pellegrinelli, Joseph .,., 107-06 34+h S+., Corona Prochaska, Frank .......... 84-47 Dana C+., E1mhurs+ Ra+ho+er, A1+red A ..... 301 W. 24+h S+., N.Y.C. Rubens+ein. S ......... 536 Hopkinson Ave., Brooklyn Schenker, 1-1 ......... 1471 S+. Mark's Ave., Brooklyn Schroeder, E ..... No Main S+., Pearl River, N. Y. Sorerel, Sidney, Jr ..... I4 Gansevoor+ S+., N.Y.C. S+ein, Mil+on .... 300 W. Broadway, Long Beach Tripoli, Nicholas J ........... 3448 110+h S+., Corona Wiiri, Paul T ....,.......,...,.... 32 E. 128+h S+., N.Y.C. Wi1dermu+h, Edward .... 1375 Leland Ave., Bronx Yacornelli, A ......... 227 Win+ie1d Ter., Union Ci+y Zuckerman, A ..... 70 Rockaway Pkway., Brooklyn -l E F! ig E l l i COMETPRESS 1 nrzoorcvrw 5 -'QL E The pages oT This book show us The work oT The Engineer in a greaT number OT Tielcls. The prinTing indusTry, Too, owes a clebT To The Engineer. lrnprovernenTs in processes, clevelopmenTs in ink anol eguipnnenT have been macle pos- sible Through his research and pracTical execuTion. The V936 CABLE symbolizes The besT combined eTTorTs oT Engineer and PrinTer. The sTaTT in The ecliTing anol or- ganizaTion oT This book has shown The skill, accuracy, and ingenuiTy Typical oT The engineering proltession. We on our parT have Triecl To make our producTion oT This book worThy oT The ecliTors' eTForTs and in keeping wiTh our own high sTancling in The school and college annual Tield. IT has been a real pleasure To work on The I936 CABLE. We are parTicularly graTeTul To Charles Alan I-Tauck, EdiTor-in-ChieT, and Philip Edwin I-lagerTy, Managing EcliTor, Tor Their conscienTiousness, Their cooperaTion, and Their inTelligenT undersTanding oT The prinTer's problems. THIS VOLUME HAS BEEN SET UP ON THE LINTOYPE IN INTER- TYPE VOGUE AND PRINTED ON S. D. WARREN'S IOO LB. LUSTRO GLOSS NATURAL PAPER BY THE COMET PRESS AT THEIR PLANT IN BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. THE DESIGN FOR THE ENDPAPERS WAS REPRODUCED FROM A PHOTOGRAPH SECURED FROM THE FAIRCHILD AERIAL SURVEYS, INC. ALL OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE COLLEGE AND ITS STUDENTS WERE TAKEN BY THE ARTHUR STUDIOS. THE COVER MADE BY THE D. J. MOLLOY COMPANY IS BASED ON THE DESIGN SUBMITTED BY CHARLES ALAN HAUCK AND PHILIP EDWIN HAGERTY. THE PICTURES AND ILLUS- TRATIONS HAVE BEEN PRINTED FROM ENGRAVINGS MADE BY THE SCIENTIFIC ENGRAVING COMPANY OF NEW YORK. 5 .f ! . H . 9 ,, 1 1-1 H aw' Lx 2-V M i gm f E , 5 ' ' - 1 -2 Q34 fs-3J'.2rw?5:,415511154-Mf'i95:5-q,1,?4 'iff96m,M2f W 0 Kggm HN' ' - W1 kid: 'f1'6Rw9G'??w:f?f f Q- 19 . ' WM '.4v1wx-?Hw,'-'57 'Q ,iff ' vw ,,, .W1. Sff4v'1'fefw:G2fi'4gei wfffH:gM- fmnw, 451 ww Sff'5?,fL 25- w Q. as? . www ' ,f -V Wye 4, 1 ,: Afifg3,ywg24. f , -,W 'm.zQwsfw:f-w ,Q 1 Q, 1 1 V2 4 ., f'wf1.xfo., ,V ' ', , .A I ,L Q -Mx-,, 2y,.f ,..f1 .. , 552, , gi 4, my-4,5 wx ,A Y QA, ,wg -- gm.,-,g,gT4f5'2 wg i. , X, eg, N-.-,,.,4,m' wg.:-1,1 fwrwfif' 4 -21 bf- WM f?77d9,a-'?:2fCf2f5fg4Q: 521255 2 .-'ff - -eff ' ., www fx-W fef lw U? Q 4 Y 1: iw . f a mm: Paw-1'xgf. ff 1:1-V f. Vw WWW f - - Qgw v -fwi'Hf1:ff 2 gf aff ' Wfy aqg wx? --' Y .Q ., siix z 1 JWKM - X M X92 94? fu f f . , f w i, ' ., N xg .V 1 M , -'-v . ' V if Q . Q ,Q wtf- ,Y - v, ,,h f , .-,,qa -, xytglgim ,fg Q , mf! , ,.: pw- xy -A ,I-I 4 -f Q -pg f y by 4, ,, g - 5 fm ,-5 . - - v , I, ,wwf ,, , ,, ,, . , , ..,. ., M ..x , , . ,7 4 52, f, , ,.,, . , ms X .f ,, ,, W Y V ', ,f ' ,V f f .,A, 7 gf? . A , , ,X ,X I .f ', ..,4...9,g,,gi-fy I f -, , 4,f , ff. H-exgfgwg y r 1. -v i fqyq f-Q f MS Qi ,ay gb- .pw Q ' A ,Sf V' MQ? ,,y,, 1 4 ,1 140 A , 46fe5a vgw AN,-A 42 ' :aww-wf.-z. 0,251 M 1 ff? A-:pf ws ' f f MSW. ww fwfwfwa .- .YXQW M l '91-SMA if f ' Q -f?Ww-FY Q' .. ..,. ,w f' -f f W' S- f..w,, S' -V - , -, ff , -2 ,-4 , ' -t x ' f f ,, w w '1 , H 0, ,f ,, g- f -a f :gi?m,..,m mfv v- .3 I ff v Q- ,Ma X , g, M -1 wiv-WK H1655 mi A-af ,. 1 1 ff +1 ., .g A c: ' ,b 'A 27, gy . E- H 45- 2 J Y ,PW 2 w 755 f' M3243 .wp aww-Mfff W ,4 , , ,- .- W QW x S, - , f- if J - yawn A , : ., 'zy ' ?-friy , mwfmi vflg Y' ,9 M - 5, :-Muffy: 1 'W 1 X M 2gKQA0ff,wfy-fS'af,.',r, 5 . xy . - -Q- , X 1 K V-- W, gp S w ., , ,- cw M , f 4 v .' ', ' -' t . fy :A V 'W v , 1' , ,Q , v f .4 ' V. ,- ww -W .. 1' X m e A Mvw fm N- wig , ,. ,P Xf w F7 1 ' X .. 1 f a , . . . ., M M 2 , -.f f -ea .- ,- ,f Q-H2241 V x N 120-ef: ' Wm :af f , A f1 cww4: :f-as w'y ,.'-sf1:f 'm.Qf.f M 'A nf.. -5? . Ma- ig - -H 'rw N 209. Q-1.1 , ff -3 5 . 1 2 My N- 11, - Mi '-' 4 . ,Af . - ,'- . ,- 4 , 'ern' ,' . 4 fv fw, V ' ' .f x ' .- .. -A: v' - -' 'rw ,-. 4-fe. .1 y. .A . f .swf ' v ff-. f ,-' v V ,-A ,.'.-. x -, .1 ,f . Q ,. 'v.'.:'.fw z ' mg , ,,4,4f,,gZgf7W +V 55 F, ,af 1. 2 ',-f45zg?'5Vf-m'0 iffy? Aww. Q' JA! Q-,yfkfm MMG 6 Myyfgyw - 1 niffef ., , - ff X J , fag , .. 114 1: ,. A G?4,w- 2' 44, 2 ,, ,. , V ,., , , ,., ,. ,,, .,,. , .,, ,. ,, , . , .. ,. ., ., ., . ,. Q, , , 1. V. ,. ,, ,. ,. . , U, ,W ff ! .1 69' . W m fc,-M ,W :frm , A my v ?2gsm1 1 .A In, Q , N., f ,. gpg A 7 f w 'i km! . R. Ay , r w W '04 pi' , ,Q Ju . '2W,w,, . Ff a ,2 w,fx?'Q W :Q ' ,i mg . 53 yfggf ,M 1. mai CL, 3543223 ' ff' M y wr P f4 P n - U59 .1 1 fwa?4'kffP -gs-V 5 Q, -mfg .Cf,,:'?w . ' ,' J ' -f ,fs . , u f M '-12 1 ,1. -, f . 'H 41-Aw vw. ,' -N 1 '-V f ,vi ff ., , A W. 2 mi f ' - M-fzv 4' fffWv4w,w , ,4. -1. f ,'- ff, ,fwyf f 6' :fx -P 4' xr - f -m3W525v f'- . -,V 5 , f'f4f'ffei'. igw fain my-' -'fm fc,-fferfm .- H W - .. .A ' 2- af. ' -1 w xdvyffx I ff fl- H df . G W . 9iw- . - .- awk 'ffwfif ' lewfyfAy,4ff,?Q-+ZfP'M--'ff U-mp gwah ,? ' . . wifi? ' 'ww ffm - .4 -- 'Q , A ' Sv 4 vi ,fy g. . 4 ' W X f gf- 1,5--f 3,-rw: iv M6 f S c lip. , ' - rf Y ' ff? 'wi f 49 -ff',f-'f's5- - - ' ,4 fm- Ww e 1? . s . , .Maw ' g Easy If fa.,-W1a5ff'4 A A6af'k::-41??7f5'x: e-12 f 5 55.1 1241 5-f fwgf 49 2' 1, -M ,, ,, 1, f, .- - -f af -wf65::s'v iw MZ , asf ff ffifgi fwjf H., 1, .25-w::wf.,ff:fy4,:Ni4g f. , ,, .1 Q -1 'M .ff -f x , -- .K ff'.'.,f'5'f,,rz. 4 :uf - if -,' 1, A ' ' 4' . 1 . f Z f N, 4 -fl-www -ww' .mf ,Ut ,mv .S v?fM5f?ZiAQ!g5723MavX5:f'4+'fgfv4L 25 Amex'- 57. w x , , 4, 1 r w : is in f-,ff .f - - 4,6 A Q iw: -f92?f13?5f4Sf9c:L,f2.p2, ff,f'ff:.pG 3 wh I. 753 V , , X ,L , wb, 511' , Q J. , - M4 - f -3 uff2g.g,l 'my' .4134-f,f,,9x9M'3,4yQg.zWQf, , . ,y2v,':'yf1,,q,qf f ,,g,z,,f,41Zif .gpgfgwq-1 ' ,f . ' N ,- Lf . 0 1 ' f m. Rf H f- Av A V t 1+ f' My 4 '. - -f : . rf y , ' f - ' . i m w , ww f sw NJ-Q 4 34 4-, J f . .2 -:Wx Y'-V -- X X M2-M fm ' L, A f f is wi . f fl . 45 9 iyfu f 4 ,. Q' V K 1 V ' f. Q ,f,,4w M ,, , V WWW ., 5- 'ZxPAwX+X954.fwiwSwf'f1QW,v'ff'3 f-awk 4- p -, . - - k 1 Vx -P Q -Q f ., f f. f ggggf- z . V if 2 Ffh! agfsmezi 12- X, V- pf Adi . sf? ff' - ' . QQ ,f4 ' !- ' A -f A wi Aw .. -' W T ww f Q' f 1 wwf' 7,f5?Q,wfsQ41.ffg,g Q7.f+ wffK?' '53,-, ,xgxq - .K L- ' - f y - -' -M , ', A .. .,,..,1y , W A V., fl . f 0 fam' QWYAM, ,g,.::,, fm-4-:fn ' . ,- 1 . ,, , Mi - Q' XA g m, -,Sf mggev eg, 15 s:a3f f4 eji2 :'4'f ' 4'- f ig s . ' '7Z?5 a1? i6'4 'E3vA- 4 'w 4.2 -gjifie mf? fn - 4 92 5 f w fr' Q . P, fp X. -I yggzwf QW- w g -,nw WE-12 f?372i wif ga ' - m y fr J , f Q- - f fy W6 ,iigjfef-nm M ., -' ,Ja 49 A f. 2 ' - 1 1 , f f A-21' A1199 H 1 gf Qian-Q '- '51 .V ef fgefd :MMF 4 ., Av :M Q , ew ,s-zgadwgy fi ff cg- . Mc? 'uff--Ws6,,fff,,Q5sGwe wwf? ,f-gm,'g.m5Q f-,,gv.,,? ,,44f. 5, .MQ 7. dw 1 w -,rm 11 W ff -' af , - W1 4- fi: M ff N msnige - - ' N- X' Q vp-'ff , - X - -' u q zw 1 . 5 Q- ,,:gw,5'qX 'sg wif 497 '4 1 Zfwfffgp 4 jkvf f Qfgfvyf' 932 Y .4 vif5 f ,l?9? ' ear . - R W .32 fw1?5w ?f M112 if f frm. -1 f f' .wwvz-, r-v i'-1 v P .MA - f . i fl1f2 ' ff' w ww, Q ' , fwuzwif v Aw if 214, 2' W'f-.f'Q9.f-EAW -W xx-al sf i' W 525' p.: f?.w92w ' ? ,- q:f:-M--:Hem K4 .z ,.:5'afsf- 1-' My gzwfww 'w w Av. .S Y FM'f?2,fepf'w.AZ,-W ,6-f2cfM?,wx.m,'-u fx k:M.f,v.Mfw ,.vb-ff,-ffzwrfy.,,w7w,.:,m-I X. f f 655'-24f??hea-zfwg 43- :EM 1-5 Q Q 31,1 ,,., 1.- I 2MigQw4: H 4' 'fibfcp 1 .-Kr w'f,',,EW-va-1 x QM-Q2 4- . V . X ,191 4 f f fm, f 45194-ywy' - ,:':Q,:1X,,ffA3wf?2f,..,,:., ,- w,f,f,,,z ,.K,M,,w V, f M ffig aiilgaw: E ,. f,aQwq fg4Ah: ?,gY- ' , A Y QWSQ . V, . gf , W 1 3251.-6 6 .1--62295 'M AX ' Key? 1' . .f Q WWQH gf ff ' 54 -. sw f ,, 'ff 5gggf,f f- 4, amid .0 . g p +x '. : gg2-.-mM. g ,?- 1 a n f Q jf 'f ' ' my ' F 4 -1 Q, s , sf Q . ,52 2 4 A , f wiw jf 2? ' ' .- ff V, Q .1 ' f 4 ' fl fff , bug- f 'A-14 .- -Q,-2. - . .V - N424 x, - A- ff, - . ww? mi -Q wfiffifi-venyf-'fT'Qv4?mw192,W' yffgwi-2:f.f,M afwwMffvwfM.fQQfN-vs ww-1,15 K L 'f 9 1 'w fgi JE - wg? ' - , W, G 7 - ' .. f u - Q a. . LWZQ4 , 21 , E . - ,jf 45415 , , g Q ..f 2 1 , f Qfw- , sq-ai, ,,fmwZ3,zfQ.:3f,q,fmQm,f,,x, q,p,,,,f5 , , , , ,, , ,, , ., A, . ,. ,. ,A ,.,. ,, ,, A., .... . . .. .... . f, , ,. ., . . , X. L, ,.,,, ., an y . - w 1. ' ,, .N , 5 . X ' 1gf' ,. t' Wei 1 M , , .,,..3, .' ,zz r .1 - Q f ' ,- Q . N . ' Lf fy w g .. '5 2 'f 1 5f , , '- f. X s - . 'f z N M 59 f QMf iy - , . L v: f Wil -- 4 V f PV wi ,. V 1 15: - ,V ' K- ff Qs' Aw, fy 1 V' , , 441 42 1 1 3 - j? -.- ,m v vgqg ,Q Wggja- - :ni25w' y fx Ay Y- f , Q'5-55,542 41:.5wv'3f:y,'?wp?h, . . JN3,w - 'A fm-,1',1--f,v1 . ' . 1' , 1 ' . ,Wy ' 'x , . 452' P , f f m s lim Mf4:Q?' 2 : x . fi -r, ffwfw gwvwb- -52a,g:w,,::fw' 43 41 - , p f 5 w 1g , fg gf,a.99 wg A fx 5, 41 .1 f m ,uw 1 -Q, .fw fgaf 1- ff A ,f - , 5?wfs':w.vf 1 ,ww - . Q N ' A f ' - :. mmf' ,V J X a f 1- ff +4 . - 4 ' if V , 'H f5'kr. u. :f sff ,f fm, . A fm 0' fugiy -1353: -ig zwfff- Am-232-we W f 5 g5 ' :f , ,y 11 s' 45 1':. i,y +1-5 1 25 7 ' :' ,. ?f ' A? 'Q 4 Um? iawgi w nw f Al l-R wnxgim r' ,5--',Q3,f:sQf'fg4,1r5 ,, . Qs , z,, z agp 2? 3 Q V I 3 4 , 5 - , . , -Q 4 mf ? vw fgg ' Jai f f? 565 , f m? 4- , 'fi - - . MW . Y fE '3- f wfgqggxg KW, 091+ f sw ,ff-'a fmskb fAQ fw6WSpg1w,A,+ fqixfw fwff ww qggfekxgf ' gs -, if ,Q W - , -6 -' f - 'I ff '. ' 4' A -' 'f ' '4 '4- 2 -, ' 'sz ,-, 1,2 f x um f '- ' ve 1 www-w?ac':,:, -e ,egzmfaf-mff??m??m MN' nv' Jizgwff i M Q ' lf wx , V . I ' X -3 , :Af -fi y - Q ' f 2, ,. -' 4 2 vw? . 3 , x f f .. Q: ,f - 1 1 f- - -f bf 1 f..-M A' -X -'vu .,+ ' . .ww :mf-' wg f HMXWAS- -fa Www Qffkigfkq GW- - ,-JM -A f 1591. - 11- '1 , K-' 5'fk:?rSf,ff5'- 5 '21 ' Q 5351-x' ,. Qcfuw v . 4 JW T fx-H',sKf4Ww,., ,, , :.. ,,,. . f J, L 1 5, : - f .,f , H, ,M 1. . A ,f. --1. , . - N-. 1 w w fx ..,.,-...ff ::., ..-1 w-, -c-- -N - ,N . - ,M 0 , ' J,--14 ,M 6 f- .W-,,f.,z' , 6, -A - ..,5.. E v' '-- -1 Av '-- JJ, ,Q- 'S' - -1 .,.- S wh. :. 1 fy ' -1 Ps ' , J 4. 55'11af-f5l4,:1fv1 '- Ex -2'- , ,. 1 3' , f V'w v2 f r ls' s' . Qv fyfx- 1 F M131 W 'lf i? 3 'T . aff 'W Sf: qI,i-5'.5-R 35 A., , . ., .. K , ., ,, . . .,. . ,, ., , ... . . ,. , x. . .. .. ,, . , ,, ,, ,,,eg,s f,, WA., .ef f,9.,m , Hp, ,514 45,6 1 ,M , ,M ,, . 5 m ay M, A , .45 ,w.,qw,,,fs,,.:LW., M ,. if 6,51-f W , 51: 5 m st. A gf :SQ wt 1 - .W W - x a f f f , ,Q Fw li fws -'-' 1: S1 ,-, . Q- .1 ,', .v 1 :Q ' ,, 'A ,m -- 4 f , gp., V . : f.:59.1 f - , wx bf. V . Mn ns- ,ff 11. , .yy 'Q L 1, ,H L - A 5 f X. ' a -A 3.5.1,-Sf,wT6Avf:s42fP,gv,gegV+,L-3-'X -vf f ,,1 w if - 5 ' AW 52 4 ' . we i 'E'e 5r '47 Qg aw g Q- 'a . ' ' B N' ag W- v 1-5' rv, wff2?A'wf?aw Qwffkm-ww .11 Jeff, - fu -'W w , Q 1 14 - e , , 4 -k Af v - lf 24 ' ww W- . is W - fgi' GA -A ff , -, -iq .lfh,!'M-.,, ,-Q V ' -'H . v , . S ef , mcsxt, .w.f,f:m,.wm4.wQwm.f.w rw ff 1-qs f,.L ,6Q2f,r 4- 4 ff 1 min 43 :4QQ'4f-AA. -Aa f 1 ,. Av f -V ,www w e A ix xx - pf W - .9 Q fm, MFE .21 y- . wr y 4v5KQ,1:q,f'-if-1-vim..-fzwvfmmxfifmf, gil? -V Q ,- iw, ,-42ffZaE5 :Sf N ' , v 3: 40 12 Q ,f I 3291.3 , 1 Q Wm my 3,5 , ':,. ., 1 1,4 - 4, -KQ V: , , M. A -, vig .. . - J 8 , W eve- 4-. V - A-xv, X 2 MkxugN5,gf3g3Afff5m,fx-,xxxfrtfifw - 31.-f.-xv-S Sy ' if f'- ,.! QT 'g 1' Q? QZWQ Q'- : 32- .S -' Q M2 g ifmigh? wh x- ,M 1 - A- 'wi EVN .fd 5339-.wmwvf,ff,m:-af, -. .X F5511 e e' ,1 13 , 1 22 2: -cgff x 1 V 5 -, P- swf, .V MGS' 52, 95 Wig v f rff ziff f z .5' f a m-x v x. 'H 2 :L -uf, P ,Q 2 . 1 3' Gi, 1.1: .ma w , - ,K 1. J - f b f?: .,ss :Qfff -if a f-21 ' fha Nr ' If .ff ff? 425 43 'fb ' 46-? 4 N. IQ EM 4 21 2,2 X 1-2g 5, ,Vg 'S' .-Afizafwf' a ff ,r f f f f' ' - N- bi?3egf2x'W,' - .sf-A f , f 1 +fi 1 Vw? Aff- le,,u:6.rs,. -1 2: 1 1 ,uf :J -:fy X, ' x 1 1 fa-' 41:12 mwff v. fx QM S,- ' 5' .ezgfgf ' V m y? gfx .,--,. Z- Q - 55354??w:QNx , f y 'mWN:?fzfigYfS,41wfPf A f-+'wY.M-' -' ' M1255 55E , g a -1 ix 1 1' :Q Q1 Y x'i.gf'g, 59 4 3- Nggml, W Swv ff ' 2 Q33 42 Agia, 1'if,f': :us ff m 1, 21 Mg? 11- ' if: 2 .. QA 'i i QSLN - if W '1'fS Cm iP 4 f2'. 1'.gYvg,g1:?'.L,- ' ' V-u 4, a, +1 ,w i 'mgwzixa ,uw , P aw QW- 5 ,ig .V .-.V wtf? ,' X, -- y,z.gy xl f- - -Mfg? , wwif:fsf Af: xv . ,,.-, Ld:g1w 151-2 - .fl y: Q5 f x Xb fi '. :V ?g' .' ff, y y-, - c : W 'X 3 . x - Qty, , -mfmff' mm3gi'.bsw: f :pr - r Ls v m Ms iv w ag- v . t es : A gl? 1 21- -- ' :SM H1-1355 F w -. 11 Q wk . f-1 -,Ag-N -f f ,gym w .- 0 Q3 Eg 144 M s ww fm-L .-s, , .,: 9 Gm. 22. QM? LW,,Mq,cmfx,--Q, he 2 23 1 915' ,f ,f - A pr ' w w Lev M3 , We f- ,. 4, - fig - :fi 41,493+- ew A' V , ygffw 5. N 1,:g,vQQWg1wmwif as r M V ' 1 54 55 ff W u fiai - iv '55 wif 31? W gf 'f bw? - A f 5 , 1' WN S' -' - f , L Sf 1 1,-' J 2, 32, 432, ,i v y - fy 4 fl ,f fm iw -san gg,. rHE, 776 1 - x x. bm .c ,sig A, , V 42 , wi L N w r wa - -. 1- ' my mf we -' . '-JN W 91 1 -y QV -ff? f l'1, ' ?'f, We ' 'ffl H 1 t1swN5Nf':fmJy1 My effkgwfqfxgf.. Q5 Q p -A 'f f f V -L ,, 'f '- 2. .- 44 43-' b M-J. x zmy-A 'Q-5,9 ww? 9' 4 4 ' M, X ffvggfw- f . ,I WW, 151. . W2 , ' 5-,f X xf Y- .' ,M -, ,, 9 43 .Sk -'. ,222 V' ' .- in 2? ..-gAz g,'9e Q 4 fgmf , ,iw . M, M9 - X , if Ag, QM. . QM Z:-Q , , M, Q, ,X a n ' ' f, ,V ' WM- 4--'-m M www wr w, '11 we we, M ,V .1 --ifsiwsv -Q.. f - .f W K -AKA V .,,. Qt, v ww- vizpsiv-1X3'i':g1jZ-'gi-:xii 3 ,3 ,Egg , we N gwx Q4g5,6v,xM5Qp v 33,11:w5: ,W W W pm , ,N ., ,, ,x ,. . X -, mx ga' f:.,SQ- U .4 V 5' '+' 'L' 4 A . f ,, - :.' ' A :, 'J . : w- ' ,fix-,I Am 'lv , :- '-:J-if N- 'f 1 - ' ,,.. xg QQ f-- X M' 'fi 'ff X. 'I-:-SCAR Fsvf'i.XQ'w Yf5!l:X-Q 45 Mf f ggig w, . A i x A , 4, 5 q,,A,,y' . N ggi I M, , , W g xiygmf X ,ga Y ,... HPV 2 . In six ,emi ggi! xi' Q. wg ? V i f f., 'wi 'vis' ' we' - V ,Q '51 QV- ' , . 5.-W . ,, ,. , . Q .. , . . .. , . , ,, , .. K ,, ,,., . , ,, ., . ., A W- Q' ,- , X 2 ,,,. g a? ,E fm -113 if gs : .5?2fff ia, Z , q w ' ., , - gy 1i,, i ' Q fl: , ,awsf,., f ,J . ga l., ' 52 0: -,4 if Eywxgxw- ,b' .Sf, X , 'gi ,Wg J f -- ff' t- ' 'Y --:qs h w b -P ,Q X- f 4-'cg x , - . ,L .V , , 1 - 5' v w fwz -' 11 11-11 me -wif'-'. 45 V fa, . J f- - ig Q -- yy, ,. ,F fx? ' f J X- . K ffxifzbzwf- :If -wg-Q 1 2 55655 1 .4 1 . f62? ' ggg, +': ' fu Aff! ' V 4 5 Swim? avi! -gi wggyl' - - -:Mg - 3 14' -X . ,, rf-,fx 35,5-gwbfa ,f,- w,,, A f- 22 - ' 3 , .- Ky, as w :i w 1, -X , 'Q f f - ff . .-,X ,. . Q, Wi!! ,- 5- ff!-STKMGM M 4 . , f Q , J - ' QMJSVFB-gixQx'fMJS-'C 1, f . w a I f- Q f' 1 5. -,x f 'f 1,24 0- , M ww, -1 A , , x 4 Q2m'Qww?4gr111Q,: P V W - QSM ?-4' :Fl-gg qw , 1 WL elf' K 4 A - W' +A wb 4-2211 Gsm?asf-Hif-:A-1ww.12sf1 5, f 'W-'f, . .Q-ff myz zf' , -- img, w tf ,v..,- -14 mg Q- A 15- --mmf . W'-v2z'u V H QW 1 x. . , 'iw' -:s:3QQW'2YNfw'.wx,w-nw.wmfwwf-fl-zie -waff- , '-file - ,',. : , g vsiffzx-' Q'-fee 1,1 Q 5, :Y 5 , 1 rf- ,Q HQ . V Mi' . F ., , 5 H ' I Sig 6 A 5 -M 4 z' 979 , ,p w ,fy - :YH N, M QQ- rg fy m y ., ,. .4 - 43. 1 ' ' W?'4 ?9K15f s- '!5'4Z-ff: 'Wi' ,Y W? 1551153 -2 -sd' iw ' .- 'Q ff V -g i f ' 5- X '-iw 35' 4191, ' , ' , ' - - gy A' f Yg - , ' .p ass' HV f. 71:-2. A, ,. . 2. 'f- xx X 7 - a w - y , ,- V Q, L . -' x 2 X . 2,2 51251 ,ff -Km! g' -1 U ni 422 011, - -hz: wi f -3 1 -: y wifi -Iwf-www , . 1 'lSfm+4.2wM6'w N-X x:Bwws1Z,2f..g:f.4x.:5 v :ii'f'H4'5V H ' 11 - 'nv if s f ff p ,Q rf, , V ' g Q-g1. f,X: 4w'L- ' gy J.. jf .?'5g vz4w'Ngg ,, 56,4 - r ff, 3? .,J3Q,x2f v ' . W' ., ' . m - ax, ,pf-1' 1 , , Me - 1, 5 ' - -fK'?Xff f? ' Q W JQWN-wSX f- n ga y ixwfgfff-fl ,L 'gl XQ!ZwQ,. A4 bf -A , .wsf1,f45sgsQ-, aw 4f vmw14, w ,.., .y A+.gSQ,fmfm:. wsh 'PQ ww G gm fw en! li' 1.4, Q, A X 5 - --1 .4 - H ' ,..,f,:,, 1--, ' 2' - 1 . fffm miaz -fZf4?Zf -ff-www -'MM Cvsgfwggra Xp-Wff 5,2365-Qkfv, K g.. ,. gif., if? W. .. 3 J .. 5- lf, . 15. Ey gg!, ?, V. f f M- - N XM ,QQ M K 1 Mags- wx 1 , ai fa p w f -Y' f - . ,, wp Q.. .441 1-r im .-wi Q g ziv im w ww- ,V ,- Q. w V im .-...4 -b 9? - K .M , , wxgmy ffgwlfufbfw. 195 W 3 ' x fizsfi . M ig - Sw '- li V . 25 ' ' .f 1 ,. ' ' M 1 3 , V , f ,, , -sag ,mm Pew. 1421? , 4:'.y. . ,ff ' ' .1 ' Ni f fl: H954 'Wy ' ' V- ff Rv ,....?f f-:J fw ay -.sw ,V .- -V sf4if.QF'w' 'fad ' ' '- - Q59 will-f f Ez 4 . ., . ,V gi ' , ., L2 v ,QQ W-W L , -- '1 ' f QM , Q 4 gg W .- , 1. . Q .. ew : If -' - ., , X' . , if I w i, -1-fem! ,-nw' as.-v! 1f 'i65'w! - 3195411 .Wuc O' . 4 ' Cl 1,4769 ' I ' A fi . , . 23m,WzSf4ai515z'. 5, QA ' Q-. R V-xN'N'QL lm-wf --v-' . wx::,hl, ' 'f Qgimf' .if ' ' -- , f mm., ,w f .:1 2 29, Qif41f3Zf. fy fffaf' WwG.:.f ,,g . V V ' X we-9' Q J K-,, Q '219,2f1mw4Ms.awwi3221191 2 5, - 'ff ? X x 'lf H if 1 , f 4 1 3: -gw-C-f f f v- f Y W' 1 If ' iz ' - ffm 1 -4, Y .- 144 2, t e - w ,L 1 0' v Q 1. V . Xi? 4 'Us' :if . ' ' f fif d - Tv, ' 1 -'-A , Ez ,, '- , 5, , , ,