Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery - Dental Columbian Yearbook (New York, NY)

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CODOS, 191 8 Spurs are extended from the base-wire to the grinding surface of some of the teeth to prevent the ap- pliance from resting on the gum. After the several parts are shaped and arranged on the model they are treated with a flux, chloride of zinc, and united with chemically pure tin as a sol der, being fused by a large soldering iron. The appliance is then dressed and polished. The appliance being made with arms and fingers in this manner permits the arms to be bent outward to cause lateral expansion of the arch, and when the teeth are sufficiently moved, causing space, these irregu- lar teeth are moved by reshaping the metal fingers, or arms, as desired. This plan of anchorage is suitable for the regulation of the deciduous or of the permanent teeth. ADVANTAGES OF EARLY TREATMENT. The advantages of early regulation of the teeth is principally for increasing nasal space, while the arches are in their developmental stage, to improve the breathing, for causing room for the proper eruption of the permanent teeth, etc., which is described with models and apparatus. The models of two cases of irregularity of the teeth of children four years of age were shown, illus- trating the condition before and after expansion and movement of the teeth with movable regulating ap- pliances. With the collection were shown models of the upper and lower dental arches of a child four years old, before and after regulating. The child had upper protrusion and very narrow arches. Accompanying the models were a record card and an upper and lower appliance used for correcting the irregularity by the expansion of the dental arches. The arches were expanded and equalized antero-posterially by the use of rubber equalizing bands. Apparatus for the regulation of various irregularities of the teeth were shown as for upper protrusion, prominence of the lower teeth and mandible, elevation and depressing of incisors, the correction of the median line of the arch, warping of the arch, etc. The use of the record card on a tracing board (Fig. 2), devised by the author, was shown and the plan described, for controlling the exact measurement of force of the appliance in each application, which reduces orthodontia to an exact science, and from its application prevents tenderness of the teeth in their movement. Additional force is applied once a week. At first make a measurement of one-half millimeter and later increase the measurement a little. The appliance is easily removed by the patient or nurse for its cleansing and for the cleansing of the teeth. : Twenty-Five

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CODOS, 191 8 PALATAL BASE-WIRE. When both the distal and the mesial parts of the arch require lateral expansion, a similar base-wire is first formed into a U-shaped loop extending forward as far as can be in the deep part of the palatal vault, with the sides extending backward to the distal part ofthe last molar, and then be curved forward, forming arms extending from the last molars to the cuspids. This latter form of base-wire is known as a palatal base- wire with a U-shaped loop. The action of the appliance with the simple palatin base-wire for causing the lateral expansion of the anterior part of the arch is brought about by pulling outward on the front ends of the arms of the appli- ance that rests on the cuspids, at regular intervals; bending the base-wire a little and reinserting the appli- ance, gradually moves those teeth forward. ' . LINGUAL BASE-WIRE For making appliances for the lower arch a lingual base-wire is employed. The lingual base-wire is shaped to follow the lingual curve of the lower arch near the margin of the gum extending backward to about the center of the last molar of the arch, where the ends are bent forward, forming arms to cross the partial clasps near the gum as described for making an upper appliance. For completing the anchorage of the appliance, a wire-clasp made of No. 19 or 20 gauge spring-wire is shaped to pass from the lingual base-wire around the last molar to the buccal side to rest between the lug on the collar described and the gum. The ends of the wire-clasps always terminate in a loop, similar to a small hook, so that in unlocking the device one ' s fingers will not be pricked or injured in springing out- ward the end of the wire-clasp for unlocking the device, also the hooks on the clasps are utilized when neces- sary for supporting rubber equalizing bands for equalizing the dental arches antero-posterially. Similar wire-clasps of No. 20 gauge are shaped to pass from the lingual base-wire over the arch at the junction of the lateral incisor and cuspid to the buccal side, to engage with the lug on the collar, one on each of the cuspids. In some instances it is not necessary to cement a collar to the molar, as if the tooth is well erupted, a wire-clasp or plate spring-clasp is sufficient. Finger-springs for moving the teeth are arranged to extend from the anchorage portions, or arms of the appliance to the lingual or to the labial side of any of the teeth for moving them outward or inward, for their rotation, elevation, depression, etc. Twenty-Four

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CODOS, i 9 i 8 In designing and making movable appliances the irregularity of the teeth is carefully studied with the assistance of accurate models, and a design of a suitable appliance is determined upon. From this a pen- cil drawing representing the design is made in a duplicating book with carbon. The design is dated and numbered. One copy of the design is removed from the book to guide the laboratory man in making the appli- ance. With the appliance it is returned bearing the maker ' s name. The duplicate design of the appliance is dated and remains in the book as a permanent record for reference. Dear beloved Faculty: Midst a vale of tears We bid you farewell, Knowing it grieves you, too, To part forever from us, By your own acclamation And our own admission, The best class ever — So surpassingly smart, So beautifully behaved, So quiet and attentive — So wondrous a class, Whose members never, Never cut nor Neglected to pay Their fees on time, Nor wore a dirty white coat, Nor failed to appreciate Whimsical Will ' s solicitude IJtttjnut lEtfim? nr Season (With profuse apologies) For the weaker sex, Or cherubic Charlie ' s Eruptions of humor, Or the august personality Of most worthy Worthie, Or dilly-dally Delancey ' s Inevitable jumping On the wrong man, Or archangel Arthur ' s Munchausian tales of his Amazing memory and skill, Or haranguing Herbert ' s Eternal quest for The elusive condyle-path, Or handsome Henry ' s Sublime indifference To the size Of his audience, And so on and so on; And in conclusion We desire to say That for all You have done for us And done us for, And for all You have wished us And wished on us, We thank you muchly. The Class of 191 8, Per M. K. K. Twenty -Six