Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery - Dental Columbian Yearbook (New York, NY)

Text from Pages 1 - 140 of the 1916 volume:

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' ' r .r COLLEGE of DENTALWCHAL SURGERY UF NEW YQFBH YEAR Q M Jwwwnng L nn I , I il In ,mn ..,, A110 ll, ' n-1-1 nu. 'IV fi H I 1 V ' l fl tm 1-U Vila! ...is Hur f 'iafblf 559' 'U - I nn , ul ' - ,P ' I ' . , , ,p I -:-rInif?E0viiI:i2l 'fQ.'!13.2.., ' Im Fisk N 55420 . . . . fr ' .w'r'1..' 2 . 'H 1. f . .r . -. g a 1. . Lv U 1' I I I P: Q. p . fl F 5 u . . 5' .m ilf ', GUI' F, 13. f '1 . 'iii 1.4. .. A . .9 1 v nl sq! ' nf' no IE' .. BW P rx A Q I fl .w .1 n -1.1 n n 1 I1 tn I fl n. A n n n rm n .1 2' 4 -1 Fl n. I' ff I . . JL nn HU V1 'W Xt N 1 l Z . A. P .11 .. .. .. .1 .. .. .1 ,. 2 :3 i 1- - .nf....n. u.'-,','..... --IZ'-an .l,,ntlll ll., 1 7 .ii ,Il Q 14-:lx N J , , --... vlglxlt.. ': in 5' P x 'W ' I m f fi '-LH .- J V Ak E Y' lhurhfiih 'jizz' ixixx H':5:i:ii '?:. i:.-'Z2J:l'If1'.f1 3? TW .- : ' fo- - .-- - . '...... J, ..- ,- . . 1 , 5. .,- W nl .I -...QI ,.,k,.K,x ,. huh I , . u.,'l':2 Walrus l.,1..., ',4', - .1 all .3LY i'HE S S or ,N UNETEEN'HUNfM?13EDAND SUXTEEW ,i In NINETEEN SIXTEEN ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The Editor of the 1916 Year Book of the College of Dental and Oral Surgery wishes to express his sincerest thanks to Mr. Cowl, president of the Board of Trustees, for his kind and generous assistance when assistance was needed. We are deeply indebted to Mr. John Heiss of the Lan- guage Printery, whose untiring eiforts and able assistance saved us a very large sum of money, and made this book the fine work of art it is. Our thanks are also due to Mr. Dagget of the American Press Association for his valuable assistance and advice which helped us greatly in compilation of the art Work, and again aided us in pecuniary matters. We are more than appreciative of the co-operation of the board of co-Workers, each one of whom did his or her utmost in the particular department of work assigned and thus made the complete work possible. Our acknowledgement for the Fordon Studio, 127th Street and 7th Avenue, Whose pictures are in this volume, is a warning to future classes. The treatment accorded us was so mean and disgusting that we refrain from any further com- ment. 2 Charles Milton Ford, A.M.,M.D YEAR BOOK f N A DEDICATION IS AN EXPRESSION OF RESPECT AND AP- PRECIATION- THAT IS WHY THE BOARD OF EDITORS OF THE 1916 YEAR BOOK AFI-'ECTIONATELY DEDICATE THIS VOLUME TO PROFESSOR CHARLES MILTON FORD. MORITZ A. JAGENDORF, Editor. N J NINETEEN SIXTEEN T0 THE CLASS OF '16, COLLEGE or DENTAL AND ORAL SURGERY OF NEW YORK. It is with pleasure that I respond to the request of the editors of the Year Book, and extend a hearty greeting to the members of the Class of '16. During the past three years you have followed the pre- scribed course of study in the College, with a varying degree of success, ever looking forward to the time when you would be freed from the restraint of College life and discipline. That time has now come and the future is before you and what use you make of the education obtained at great expense and labor, rests largely with each individual of the class. The Faculty of the College have tried to give you a good ground work on which to build the structure of your future life work and now you must complete the work. Continue to study and work hard maintaining a high standard of aim and accomplishment, and success is certain. I wish you one and all a prosperous and useful life in the practice of your chosen profession. Yours sincerely, CHAS. MILTON FORD. 4 ' x x 1 K 0 4, , n ,,.. 'K 'm f as X ru v,. I a . .S N - . J., K , - 4, ' s ' 1 4 , , v,. '. - 6 ,il . d .g X: WX L , 1. ,X -X.X.XX .V s ,41--g. .-.ni H, '- .1 vu, f 1 ' N92 ' 2' ' , ' 1.. . 1 X 'A Y' A .- - P ' -'fv . X, , X , , 1 -1 If ' .-lf v . Xnij :X - ' .' f n. . gr- ,. , , '..,. -wa, ' -3 at fe -X ' A' I' v dv '- Jv: -L - 'f 75- w.'l.l- M E1 ., ,. Un., 'lf .Vw f 4 nXXXf1 - v-.,-XDX' .2 -, Q L 7411.--,n 5 , ..-. X X -,,- .. K 1' I' If-If '. . .- ,N 1 .LQ ' . X ,, .XXX H, -Q .fr-3.- .-, 'H - . ...A ' Q . , . 1 --5 .P ' ,-,F I Wi, -' - '4. ,rp 'r 1 ,X . f - - A William Carr, A.M., M.D., D.D.S YEAR BOOK A PLEA. We cannot refrain from calling the attention of our grad- uates to the advantages of the Oral Surgery Department con- ducted by our Dean. During the present College year from October iirst to May first he has treated 460 cases, including the following: Angioma Impacted molars Alveolar Abscess Infected fingers Antrum Necrosis Arsenical poisoning Neuralgia Burns Osteomyelitis Carcinoma Osteoma Caries Papilla Cleft palate Pulpitis Dislocated jaws Post-extraction pains Epulis Periostitis Epileptic Scalp wounds Epistaxis Syncope Extractions Supernumeraries Fractured Jaws Tuberosities Fibroma Trismus and in some instances we have been obliged to send to private hospitals cases where it was necessary for the patients to re- main in the hospital for two weeks after the anesthetic and operation. It is a pity that we have not connected with the College building a hospital where these diseases could be at- tended to until they are cured. We hope the Alumni Associa- tion will take this subject under consideration and assist the Dean in procuring a building for these operations. It seems strange that the Alumni Association has not taken an inter- est in dental surgery, for other institutions have connected with them hospitals which enable the students to familiarize themselves with oral diseases. 5 NINETEEN SIXTEEN Worthington Seaton Russell, M.D. YEAR BOOK T0 THE CLASS OF 1916. Today, as I write these words, you are the Senior Classy in a few days you will be the Graduating Class of 1916, and then you will pass out to do your part in the world of work as members of one of the great professions whose sacred mission it is to heal the sick. Your ambitions will touch the sky, but I would admonish you to keep before you the supreme ambi- tion-to do the least important work as well as if it were the- most important. To him who does this will come success in full measure, but better still will come the satisfaction of knowing he has done his best. Seek not fame, for: ' Better than fame is still the wish for fame, The glorious training for a glorious strife. and: She comes unlook'd for if she comes at all. We have tried to teach you how to learn and soon you must learn for yourselves. Commence the day after gradua- tion, for to stand still is to go backward, therefore keep up with the procession. And in conclusion let me assure you that because you have left the College you have not left the memory of your instruc- tors. We shall be glad to hear of your successes as well as ready to help you in your failures. So to all success. Yours sincerely, Worthington Seaton Russell 7 Herbert Locke Wheeler, D.D.S. Henry Harrington Janeway A.B.,M.D. v , . I .1 ': , ,.. I . -5 'Il -. ' . R: 'L 45 .L egg-5' jzvk 'ff - ,1'?.J4 --'. 4 -' 1 I Q Y, 5-ff 2, ' ,N 'asv fs. -, F. 'I 4 x 7' ' . I, ,Q ., 5 2 - 5 ' 2. n- ' .Ay 1 1? X Delancey Walton Ward, Ph.D Arthur Lessner Swift, D.D.S Harry Gervase Nolan, D.D.S. Sup't. of Extracting Dep't. Philip Robert Sueskind, D,D.S Nathan Bauman, D.D.S. Herbert Haigh, D.D.S., Sup't of Infirmary. Siegfried Pulvermache1',D.D.S Frank Leslie Chambers D.D.S Adolph Marcus Rand, D.D.S Harry H. Manville, D.D.S Ass't. Suplt. Roy Sidney Knorr, D.D.S. Arthur Joseph Johnan, D.D.S. Agnes Irving Polhamus, D.D.S. Benjamin Abraham Greiper, D,D.S. Justin Ellis Nyce, D.D,S. Sup't. Prosthetic Dep't. CLINICAL STAFF Benjamin C. Nash, D.D.S. F. Milton Smith, D.D.S. Otto Ernst, D,D.S. John H. limiiiilig, D.D.S. Frank Vf. French. D.D.S. James RT. Taylor, D.D.S. William 3. Lester, D.D.S. William A. Reeve, D,D.S. Martin C. Tracy, D.D.S. Raymoncle A. Albray D.D.S. Harold L. Baldwin, D.D.S. J. G. P1 rg-ri, D.D.S, Frank Yf. Sunqer, D.D.S. Charles D. Kimball, M.D., D.D.S Andrew H. Gunn, D.D.S. S. E. Davenport, Jr., D.M.D. J. W. Dlulcinson, D.M,D. E. H. Raymond, D.D,S. Maitthexx' F. Carney, D.D.S. H i I VF 1'- 1 6 is ' P , A B.NEVELOF'F' M.1.Mnsrm0wr'Y1 H-G-.CROKER fffrm' T' ,f .12 , 3 I Q ' F zfiif'Q 'Q GG. ' DURKEE MILBOYER . ' M.a.JaG'r:NnoRr F y ' Y ' .1 'Y H iw, SCHELPERT w-fkn , A 4 Y C' 5 'r I . I . . . ff H.J3.GoLpBERG W-GOBER Mlmsgymeiil Vw.1:':,,.':l,+ ' ' LIE It 'I' Av - ,. Gwlune W 1916 va 1916 YEAR BOOK Moritz A. Jagendorf Editor-in-Chief Literary Editor Bzzsi1zessvMa1zage1 Clarence G. Durkee Morris J. Boyer Literary Board Business Board A. Bennett Goldburg Jacob H. Jablow Max Messinger John W. Schelpert Edward H. Elphant Art Editor Edgar W. Schmitt Associate Art Editor Harry A. Paskow Circulation Committee Myron I. Mashkowitz, Chairman Arthur G. Croker Bessie Neveloff 1917 Editor Walter Gober NINETEEN SIXTEEX ls!! Y E A R B O O K A STRANCE BUT TRUE HISTORY OF oun CLASS. IST! all ye who have ears! The whole planet N and all other planets of the Universe! Fu- ,,4'9,,g,gg tuie historians! Compilers of scientific records! Encyclopedeists! Writers of ro- mances of great scientists! List well, for 6?-jgygig' this is to be the history of the class of 1916 of the College of Dental and Oral Surgery! The beginning was in the fall of 1913 in the immaculately clean and white building on 35th Street accompanied by a number of incidents which may be termed sublime by very reason of their simplicity. Officers were selectedg some members tried for the athletic teamsg a dance was giveng a few aspiring would-be-literary geniuses gave their assistance to the then existing magazizteg etc., etc., etc. Then came four months of respite and after that the herculean task of doing most of these things all over again. Once more a breathing spell, then the return for the last trial, the election of oliicers, and a class editor,-the editing of the year book and-upon completion of this,-sallying forth into the world to do the fine things that had been taught in the immaculately clean and white building on East 35th Street! This I deem the finest example of a class history that has ever been written. It contains not a single superfluous inci- dent, there are no exaggerated tritles to distort the factsg no resuscitating of tales that nature mercifully has us forget and which some inflated, self-styled writer would force down our gulletsg no stupid and sickening pseudo-humorisms that are ancient as the moon. Here you find only an enumeration of those most important occurrences that will go down to pos- terity in letters of violet and green. And for this I humbly expect that all will be greatful and thankful as well. For, to tell the truth, I could have done something very different. I might have written reams and reams of paper. Never was man tit to write just such histories in general and this one in particular! Whichever way I look upon myself,- physically or mentally, I find every cell of my body formed to suit this particular kind of work. Perhaps it would be well to be more definite. You well know, kind reader, that histories can only be written by such as can look calm and impartial at the facts to be recorded. This is only possible Where the historian is 15 A STRANGE BUT TRUE HISTORY OF OUR CLASS A STRANGE BUT TRUE HISTORY OF OUR CLASS NINETEEN SIXTEEN not part of the action. The devastating butchery with which all the nations are so much occupied right now could hardly be written by any man present on the battlefields and part of the warring factions. All the hatred, stupidity, egotism, and pig-headedness that has made this pastime so popular would enter in the writing and thus make it disproportionately par- tial. It can only be written by a clear thinking man who mentally is not for any particular side, and who, observing all facts from the proper distance,-with but little actual con- tact with them,-sees them in their true perspective. All this can be applied to me to the very letter. For one year I never came near the classy for another I was a member in body only,-when I had to beg keeping my observing intellect at a proper distance from all deep-stirring history-making events. As for the third year, I am so deeply occupied writing this history and the like, and studying the nervous system and the Materia Medica of Arsenic poisoning that at times I must actually kick myself in the shins to force my attention to the fact that I am here to look and observe. Furthermore I have a great passion for writing, or to speak more scientitically, I have a great mania for writing. I could write until I would have the chinese wall bewritten and then do it all over again and derive the greatest joy there- from. Again I have a most fertile and active imagination. It is illimitable in scopeg I do not stop at any thought or image. And nothing proves this better than the fact that I am under- taking the writing of a History . I must explain: I do not believe that there exists any such thing as a history. No one has ever written one, nor will anyone ever write one. The reason Why ?-I shall argue some other timeg the statement of the fact must suffice at the present. Yet, knowing I cannot do it, I will nevertheless accomplish it. If you object to this kind of logic, I must refer you to Pliny's Natural History wherein you will find a full and elaborate explanation of this particular manner of reasoning. Finally, physically I have developed my right phalanges by dint of writing and dentzl practice to herculean strength. Blessed with all these history- writing accomplishments: a marvelous imaginationg a great passion for writingg a lack fa very purposeful lackl of accu- rate knowledge of the events: a dexterity and strength of phalangesg don't you agree with me that I was created for this and no other kind of work! Every word I have written verifies my assertion and every word that I shall write will add 16 YEAR BOOK to it .... How I could open the Sesame of my imagination as I have of my reasoning faculties! Living in the mind is much more intense and real that in actuality. At least so I have found it. Impressions will crowd the unconscious,-but it is only when 'recollecting' them that they take on clear and well defined form. How many a time have I passed rooms and persons in the college building with but an unconscious momentary noticeg yet, once all alone in my room with the full evening light on the Arabic design on the carpet and these fieeting impressions take a new vivid life-more vivid than in actuality. Particularly 'first impressions'. The 'first sight' of the college buildings and the vivid first scent of the breath of the new paintg the first glimpse of the class rooms and the Infirmaries-Laboratories- all making towards one single thought: friendly respect towards those who took the care to create so pleasant a house for studies. Another first indelible impression was the cor- dial welcome of the registrar, He suggested a cheerful deity of smiles-not a stern professor. Then the first sight of women at scientific lectures. It brought a feeling of strange- ness! . . . There is one incident I always recreate in my mind with a great amount of delight: first lectures. Having attended school for quite a number of years and having heard so many of these 'first lectures' I have come to attach quite a good deal of significance to them. A sort of negative sig- nificance-since they almost invariably create an effect entirely different from what it actually turns out to be. Generally they are very serious, but I have long ago learned that only with German professors are they really so. Professors of all other nations possess a sense of humor and hence I am certain must smile secretly at their own grave assertion on facing a new wave of serious faces. And yet, one of my amusing recollections of these last two years will be the remarkable misjudgment I displayed in the characterization of some of the professors because of these very first lectures. For example one of the professors whom I thought a 'tire eater' and 'per- fect efliciency system' I have found to be one of most pleasant men on the faculty and who has been to me almost a personal friend. And this was not the only instance. Which leads me to believe that judgment by Hrst impressions should be con- fined to inanimate things onlyg human beings are too compli- cated and changeable. Then after painting for you this back-drop,-the scenery so to say. I might have turned to the action of this moving tale. First I would like to have done away with one impres- 17 A STRANGE BUT TRUE HISTORY OF OUR CLASS A STRANGE BUT OF OUR CLASS TRUE HISTORY NINETEEN SIXTEEN sion: the stigma of misbehavior. I can hardly frown at the accusation. True, at times the behavior was more fit for the kindergarten than a professional school, but then it must never be forgotten that it was but the expression of exuberant youth,-and nothing appeals to 'this historian' more than youthfulness. To act youthful is the only way to beat old age and perhaps -arterio-scelerosis. So, if at times We did act rather like very young children than men and women of science, let it be remembered that even lustful noise is pref- erable to morose, serious faces. Then I might have turned to the real gist of the history. I might have taken up individual records. Each and every member of the class might have received a careful, just, and admirably written short history. It would have commenced with as early a time as possible and gone thru all mental and physical development and material progress up to the moment when this goes down on paper. If possible I should have in- cluded all the important events of those who had any iniiuence on their career: fathers, brothers, sisters, mothers, sweet- hearts. Nor should I have omitted talking of the surrounding influences and the hereditary influences. In other words, the record would have been as complete as it possibly could be. I should have commenced something like this: Profes- sionally the student of the nineteen sixteen class may be read- ily divided into three large classes. Those who study with a serious purpose,-be it because of the interest in science, or the interest in a serious purpose in lifeg or because the work particularly appealed to them. Then there are those who study because they are to derive an immediate benefit-say pecun- iary. . .social. . . And so, good readers, I have given you a fair example of the kind of history I might have written. Are you not thank- ful for having confined myself to the few short lines which you read in the first paragraph fthe secondj I wrote. Of course there may have been a few with a literary turn of mind who could have preferred my many pages of printed lines-to those I apologize and will add a word of comfort and joy: Some day they may yet have the opportunity. When I have no more to worry about examinations and practical 'required cases' I shall turn to write a complete and unabridged history of the class of nineteen sixteen. My models will be Gibbons and Clara Steichen. But one more word before I close. Of course this was no history. I cannot do what is impossible nor would I be guilty A 18 YEAR BOOK of writing a few pages and labelling them a history just be- cause others have stupidly done so. There is no such a thing as a history. For that means recording something that is gone and past-dead. Nothing is ever dead. In fact the incidents that occurred during the past three years of college will hence- forth be more alive than they were even while they were actually occurring. They will now live in the imagination and each one will have a personal interesting manner of seeing them. All of which is infinitely more interesting than getting them down in one black and white form. Moreover how could one possibly write the history-the past-of one hundred and thirty human beings who are first to go out and accomplish their deeds '? Perish the thought! Let others who will, write histories,-not I. This has only been the whim of a momentg an interesting and pleasant pastime: a winding thought that turned every now and then aside to get some pleasure out of a particular impression and then continued. . . . M. A. JAGENDORF. HERE AND THERE. A freshie once was asked to give By Youngs rule. I was told, The dose of some mild laxative For a child eleven months old. So this is what the freshie did And thought it quite a stunt: - He found the dose for a year old kid And marked it, Wait a month. M. M. A STRANGE BUT TRUE HISTORY OF OUR CLASS OOM sy OUR POOR EDITOR NINETEEN SIXTEEN COLLOIDAL COLLOIDAL CHEMISTRY-SOME DENTAL APPLICATIONS. CHEMISTRY C :OLLOIDAL chemistry concerns itself with a SOME DENTAL study of the fine subdivisions of matter APPLICATIONS I!-o after a certain stage. A colloidal solution I'l 5 is one in which the particles are so finely subdivided that they remain in permanent 65-gg:-g9.g,,' suspension. This definition permits of the assumption that any substance can be suffi- ciently subdivided to represent a transformation into a colloid,i' which assumption has been verified. Sodium Chloride, a typical crystalline substance, can be transformed into a colloid by such a subdivision. Thus we see that there is no sharp demarcation between colloidal and ordinary chemistry but rather a transition. With the advent of the ultra-microscope great strides have been made in the study of this comparatively new branch of chemistry. Under the ordinary high power micro- scope, the smallest particle visible has a diameter of one tenth of a micron, which is taken as the distinguishing limit between precipitates and colloids. With the ultra-microscope, par- ticles become visible whose diameter is four tenths of a milli- micron. This means four ten millionths of a millimeter, an inconceivable dimension. The principle of the ultra-micro- scope is very ingenious and easy to comprehend. If a beam of light is thrown across a totally darkened room, one may ob- serve the dust particles of the air in rapid vibratory motion. This phenomenon can be accentuated by throwing a handful of mica particles within the beam. Instantly bright irride- scent particles are seen dancing in the light, producing a fas- cinating spectacle. This principle is the distinctive feature of the ultra-microscope. The ray of light is allowed to pass parallel to the stage across a dark field instead of being re- flected directly thru the lens by the mirror. The latter method has the disadvantage of dazzling the eye and thus obscures the vision. A common example of this is our failure to see the stars during the day on account of the superior brilliancy of the sun. The physical difference, therefore, be- tween the ultra-microscope and the ordinary microscope is that the former makes use of the principle of refracted light while the latter is based on the principle of reHected light. The most interesting feature of the ultra-microscopic particles is their tremendous rate of movement which increases directly with their decrease in size. The most common form of movement is the Brownian, characteristic of the cocci germs, which, indeed, represent colloidal particles. 20 YEAR BOOK The color of a colloid may be of any kind and is deter- mined by the size of the particles. Thus gold, whose particles are of the finest, presents a yellow-to-an-orange color, whereas increasing the size of the particles successively, causes a con- comitant change in color from red to violet to blue, and finally to green. This serves to explain why gold foil presents a green appearance by transmitted light. Silver shows similar changes. When composed of the smallest particles, it is colorless, while as they increase in size, it becomes yellow, and in silver foil, blue. Rubies and other precious stones are colloids of various subdivisions. The fact that color varies with the size of the particles of a substance is accepted by the dye-stuff industry as the basis for the modern method of studying dyes. The size of the particles also determines the surface of the substance exposed. This is an important factor in physiolo- gical processes. Thus, a unit of one cubic centimeter presents a surface of six square centimeters. A volume of one cubic centimeter containing particles of one-tenth of a micron pre- sents a surface of sixty square meters. The same volume con- taining particles of one-tenth of a milli-micron presents a surface of sixty thousand square meters, which compares favorably with the total surface of the leaves of a tree. There are two methods for making colloids. One is by starting with a molecular solution and allowing the molecules to grow. This is the condensation method. The other is to start with a solid and subdivide it into sufiiciently small particles. The latter is called the dispersion method. When a substance like glue or gelatin is dissolved in water, it dis- perses into very minute particles. These remain in permanent suspension due to the formation of an envelope around them, and to their Brownian movement, which prevents their coalesc- ing with the consequent formation of particles sufficiently heavy to precipitate. A very important property of colloids is their so-called protective action in solutions. lf we add a small percentage of gelatin to a solution of gypsum or Calcium Sulphate, the crystallization of the Plaster of Paris is markedly delayed. This fact is employed in medicine, altho its explanation was only recently made possible by colloidal investigations. It was a custom with physicians to prescribe the addition of gelatin to milk when curdling took place. The gelatin pre- vented the curdling and aided digestion. The chemical ex- planation is found in the following experiment :-If some milk is poured into a beaker, and vinegar added, we obtain a 21 COLLOIDAL CHEMISTRY SOME DENTAL APPLICATIONS COLLOIDAL CHEMISTRY SOME DENTAL APPLICATIONS NINETEEN SIXTEEN precipitate. If now we pour the same amount of milk into another beaker, add some gelatin, and then add vinegar, we obtain no precipitate. These conditions exist in the stomach. The casein of the milk is very easily precipitated by the Hydrochloric Acid, causing digestive disturbance. This sub- stance is an irreversible colloid. Soap is an example of a reversible colloid. It crystallizes in an alcoholic solution and readily forms a colloidal solution when transferred to water. The adding of gelatin to milk prevents precipitation. Cow's milk has a comparatively large percentage of casein 131521 and a small percentage of albumin CIWWJ. Human milk has a greater percentage of albumin than casein, while the ass's milk has the least amount of casein. Hence the latter is the best milk to give when the former two have been found unsat- isfactory, as it has a large amount of protective colloid in the form of albumin and very little irreversible colloid in the form of casein. For the same reason iced cream containing gelatin is both more palatable and more digestible. Colloidal chemistry is of the highest importance in medical science as well as in biology. To quote Prof. Stewart W. Young of Stanford University: When one considers the relatively infrequent occurrence in biological systems of either crystalline substances or of substances that may readily be made to crystallize from water fthe universal biologic dis- persing mediumj, it immedately becomes evident that the chemistry and physics of such systems must be in the main colloidal. All bio-chemistry is thus in the main colloidal chemistry. To bring the above statement home more strik- ingly, it is but necessary to add that the formation of crystals between joints causes gout, while violent poisons such as cor- rosive sublimate, are transformed into irreversible colloids and form crystals in the cells. Hence we give albumin in mercurial poisoning to protect the poisonous solution and pre- vent its crystallization, a condition which permits of easy passage through the cell-membrane. Colloids do not diffuse or dialyse. Living cells show the Brownian movementg histology is properly a study of colloidal chemistry. Muscular movement likewise may be explained on the colloidal basis as was done by Prof. Janeway in the Acorn of April, 1915. All our foods and the entire composition of our body are mostly col- loidal. Some commercial applications are interesting from the dentist's point of view. India-rubber, for instance, in both the coagulation and vulcanization process undergoes distinc- 22 YEAR BOOK tive colloidal changes. The best steels are made by the col- loidal process. An explanation for the degree of malleability of a metal is found in colloidal chemistry: the very small par- ticles of a metal have an air film which prevents their coming together. If, however. we heat the metal. the film is driven off and pressure of the two surfaces brings more points in contact. This also impresses the importance of clean sur- faces in soldering. In the manufacture of Argyrol finely divided or colloidal silver is used with Lysalbinic acid. which prevents Hoccula- tion. As much as 90 ,l, of silver can thus be dissolved. whereas in water alone, silver can only form a very dilute suspension. In boilers the lime salts in solution, like the bicarbonate, are decomposed by heat with the separation of calcium car- bonate. At first the salt is in the highly dispersed state, but soon becomes an amorphous, flocculated, crystalline, or com- pact colloid at the bottom, which process is called incrusta- tion or scaling. If now we add gelatin or glue to the tem- porary hard water, a permanent suspension is formed of the minute lime salt particlesg they do not flocculate, and can be easily blown off. Hitherto matter has been studied in bulk or in molecular solution. There is, however, a whole world of dimensions between, constituting the study of colloidal chemistry. This branch offers untold promises thru investigation. Every profession and every industry should direct its energies to the unraveling of the many secrets of nature which this science is ready to yield. To the dentist this field is very broad. The saliva is a typical colloid, and its actions should be studied ultra-microscopically. Digestion is a colloidal process. Some of the technical fields have already been mentioned. We have therefore to deal with a comparatively new science awaiting development, and it is barely possible to anticipate the wonder- ful discoveries to which this field may lead. A. BENNETT GOLDBURG. 555555 What is so rare as that day in June, When exams. are over, and pretty soon The faculty meets and casts your lot VVhether up the aisle you march or not. Things we seek and do not find:- Tlu-ee point contact-at the state board Things we find, but do not seek:- Exposed pulps and dams that leak. grind. 23 COLLOIDAL CHEMISTRY SOME DENTAL APPLICATIONS NINETEEN SIXTEEN D 0 C. D. 0. S. ATHLETIC ACTIVITIES. N ,1914 our college was invited to participate T 'Ni In the Twentieth Annual Relay Race Carni- xm val of the University of Pennsylvania. We were represented by a quarter mile relay 743' team composed of Fisher '15 Miller '15, Reed '16 and Taylor '16. It was our first essay in the field of athletics and proved surprisingly encouraging, for we won third place against institutions of much larger student bodies. Each member of the team re- ceived a handsome silver cup. In the fall of the same year the class of 1917 developed a splendid basketball team which made a favorable showing against many well known institutions. The same class pro- duced an excellent baseball team. We sent another relay team to Philadelphia in 1915. Through the efforts of Prof. Carr and Dr. Sueskind an athletic association was organized and the team received official sup- port from the student body. Bryant '17, Norman '17, Reed '16, and Taylor '16 were our standard bearers. We gained 4th place from a field of 8 starters, the winning team breaking the record. This year the Pennsylvania race is again the chief event, and we are fitting out a team under most auspicious circum- stances. We still have with us last year's team, while Koth- loff, Rosenberg, Berglind, Kevitt and Overton form a fertile list from which to choose strengthening material. Taylor '16 was elected captain and Dr. Sueskind is again the faculty advisor. It is to be hoped that the student body will continue to support the athletic enterprises of the college and create with- in our institution a spirit akin to that existing in the big uni- versities, which will serve to bind more securely the friend- ships of the students and to stimulate at the same time en- thusiastic study, thus tending toward a realization of the Roman motto Mens Sana in Corpore Sanof' EDMUND H. TAYLOR '16. 555555 McCaffrey was reciting before Dr. Russel. Dr. R: What is White Vitriol? Mac: Zinc Sulphate. Dr. R: What is green Vitriol? Mac: A half of White Vitriol. ' 24 YEAR BOOK . i Timex vsqn or rm- E vf' c x zum- IN Pnyce 7,-pgy.: JT 6.20-S. n HU W7 W I A J xx 4 Q rpwxalu Flklb ar PENN- LITTL E G FORGE 1 , I I DUTIES OF A DENTIST IN WAR TIME NINETEEN SIXTEEN THE DUTIES OF A DENTIST IN WAR TIME. n HE first duty is loyalty and a willingness to K sacrifice everything for onels country, however we acquire citizenship, either by birth or adoption. ' The present coniiict in Europe has shown that the dentist, if properly equipped, can be of infinite service to his country by his professional skill. New types of explosives and projectiles necessitating trench warfare, and other conditions have combined to produce a greater proportion of face and jaw injuries than have ever been known before in the history of mankind. Not to men- tion the immediate need of attention in these cases their future prospects are pathetic. A man with a leg or arm gone is not repulsive and usually excites sympathy. There is no objection to having him around, but not so with those with mangled and disfigured faces. It is with diiiiculty we bring ourselves to look long upon such an unfortunate. These men are as much entitled to gratitude for the sacrifice they have made for their country as the maimed or helpless, and ways should be found to remedy this disfigure- ment wherever possible. We should be glad and proud to serve them and they are entitled to the assistance. With all that can be done the debt owed them cannot be paid. Our duty then is to add to the work of the plastic surgeon our skill as dentists. The surgeon can graft skin and in some cases bone, but teeth and alveolar process can not be grown or grafted in these cases. Here is where the dentist can do a necessary work if he has the re- quired skill and knowledge. He can originate and make arti- ficial substitutes for bone and teeth. He can shape and repro- duce with such skill, if he has the ability, that not only the functions of the lost parts may be found in the substitutes but appearance, semblance of human countenance and the power to articulate words and speech may be obtained. Let me call your attention to the fact that in order to be in a position to do this great work for the man who has given all for his country we must not only be dentists but prosthetic dentists. Gold and porcelain fillings or inlays are not needed. Plastic fillings may be needed for all soldiers but the poor muti- lated patriot whose face or jaw has been shot away must have the service of the dentist who has the ability to do prosthetic dentistry. The cheeks or lips may need to be supported. 26 YEAR BOOK Broken and shattered jaws may need to be held in splints dur- ing the healing process and retained in position afterward- the work of the prosthetic dentist. To do this not only requires the technical skill of the prosthetic dentist, it demands the thoro knowledge of Anatomy. Oral Surgery, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Pathology and Bacteriology. That, the thoroly edu- cated dentist must have, and also artistic ability. Let us hope that the present demands upon dentists created by this war may stimulate the young man to see and appreciate the great necessity for a more thoro knowledge of Oral Surgery, Prosthetic skill and knowledge of Pathology. It should show us the desirability, yes. the necessity of the young men getting hospital experience after graduating from the dental college if they desire to be able to do the best for those who need their services in peace or in war. HERBERT LocKE WHEELER, D.D.S. 555555 STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE. Q f:'X HE A ,vt .ili fr conscious power to will successfully I l' 5 understood and practiced at an age when other children do not even clearly realize stubbornness. I learned it when I was eight, from an old-smelling book called The Ego and its Own . Tho not fully under- standing a single sentence, I clearly felt, almost unconsciously, its complete fundamental principle: the right to will. And I had not practised that very long when I realized that there lay the whole secret of success. By now, all I do when I want something, is to want it very hard, then go for it until I get it. Thiswas violently contradicted one evening by a long- haired gentleman who was ever crying to the four winds of the capital that enslaves humanity. His chicken heart was longing for a trip to Europe such as one in the company, rich in goods of the world, was about to make. I tried very hard to convince him that capital was not neededg that at the most, if one desired to travel lord-fashion instead of working, S75 would be plenty. But it was like talking to Sodom and Gomorrah after their wreckage. He worked himself into a passion-I too grew warm, and the up- shot of it was: I was to take the trip to prove my canon of will. I was to be three months in Europeg cost, no more 3' 'lp '-I 14 ,N ,IJ 27 DUTIES OF A DENTIST IN VVAR TIME STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE NINETEEN SIXTEEN than 9'p75g no work, except on the ship. I decided on a date, June 20th, and began bidding my friends good bye. Three quarters of the difficulty was already overcome. I had re- solved to go. Five days before the 20th, it was Monday, I secured a list of all the outgoing steamers and set to visiting each, offering to work at anything except stoker, in return for my passage. By two o'clock I had arrived at the last steamer I could possibly try, outside of cattle boats, and it was just there I was taken on-as steward. fIt was to turn practically to a first class passage the day after we left.J The ship sailed on Thursday, two days earlier than I knew I would go. Those who had considered it an act of lunacy to bid good-bye Without being certain of a passage, were silent now. Thursday morning at the appointed hour I presented myself and was sent out with the rest of the crew to help the incoming passengers, but very soon the second chief steward came up and inquired whether I would not rather do some work more appropriate for a student. It was sorting the mail. I went at it with a good will and accomplished in five hours what generally takes two days. By then it was dinner time, so I turned to my duties as waiter,-for the first and last time. When I told the chief steward I knew how to serve a table, I told the blackest lie of my life. But I had tackled more diffi- cult problems of which I had no previous knowledge--and had succeeded. I was not afraid nowg at it I went. Aided by a Danish chap who worked next to me I arranged the silver. Then I turned to study the menu-and I began to lose heart. It was of incalculable length, and the names were stranger than the terms in an anatomy. Worst of all I was beginning to feel sick. I am a very bad sailor and the boat was keel- ing and heaving as if in sympathy for my coming fate. I passed the worst fifteen minutes of the whole summer, every time the glass doors opened I turned hot and cold, like the dishes I was repeating to myself in despair. My head and bowels were battling with invisible powers. At last they came, two gentlemen, and all my fears turned out foolishly groundless. They knew I was a student. My blunders, instead of aggravating kept them in constant laughter so that they could not eat. So great was their mirth that I even forgot my seasickness. But twice I brought them what they ordered: ice cream and fruit, the rest I chose at random. Once I fell in the kitchen. The salt of all the ocean 28 YEAR BOOK is not as sharp as the names by which I was called. Towards the end, the third person who sat at my table arrived: a charming young woman. In order to facilitate my labor she permitted me to bring anything I chose. And so well was she satisfied, that at the end she pressed a small green roll in my hand. Now, I have a natural dislike for money pcr se. As I got it now it embarrassed me beyond words. I returned it with a face that plainly bespoke my feeling, but she gently put it back and smiling encouragingly walked off. I promptly went to the chief steward and asked him to return the money and also to arrange it so that they would not give me any more. For a time he was dumbfounded. At last he gasped: My God, you'll never do for a waiter. A consultation followed and I was given the official position of clerk in general, with no work in particular. In other words, no work at all. From morning till night I read Anatol France, chatted with the many friends I made, kept my eye on the bell boys, and helped whenever there was an opportunity-which was very rare. My meals I ordered from the same menu as did the Hrst class passengersg I slept in a room where there were but three more besides me. Not much was missing to make it a first class passage. From the bellboys up each vied with the other to make the trip pleasant for me. The chief steward treated me with fatherly affection, and ever since I have not had a better friend. Of the other two-one, a col- lege man who remembered the subjects he had studied, sup- plied rne with intellectual food: discussions in art and litera- tureg the other was forever on the lookout whether I ate enough. So here I had friendship, intellectual pleasure and bodily comfort. Could a man Wish for more? Seven days later I was in Plymouth. Expenses so far SI, a sum the man who served me well deserved. From there I went to London by train-second class. in order to be in the pleasant company of Mrs. B. and her charming niece and son. It was ugly weather, raw and rainy, when I set out to find a lodging. Whenever I reach a city where I intend to stay for any length of time, I leave my belongings at the station, then walk about leisurely until I Hnd a place agree- able to my taste and purse. It is worth a good deal of money not to be thought a total stranger. This was exactly what I did now, and after considerable wandering selected a room in Gower Street-because it was next to a dramatic school, and because the door was opened by a beautiful pair of blue eyes surrounded by fine. shining auburn hair, the daughter 29 STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE NINETEEN SIXTEEN of the landlady. The room including breakfast was 53.25 per week. This was rather dear, but the amusement that I de- rived Was Worth a hundred times more. From my window I watched the rehearsals in the yard of the dramatic school, or I should rather say, Watched the young ladies practice smoking. They all smoked more than rehearsedg how to hold a cigarette was of greater importance than the most expressive gesture. And the devil-who-cares air, and the happy-bohemian joy in which they puffed away! It was worth the seven kingdoms of gold to see it. Most of my time I spent visiting interesting places, often in the company of Leonore. Many an afternoon was passed in the company of men I shall not forget: Mr. Parker, a happy soul as those he Writes about: Mr. Zangwill, serious and earnest, I almost said like his great King . . . I Went to the theatre every night. All I did, was to present my card and on it the name of the Ccollegej t'paper of which I had been Dramatic Critic. and it opened the doors to me like sesame. I took to this truthful deceit QI simply called it a daily paper, which it is, only I omitted the college b from sheer aggrava- tion. The condescending air with which most Englishmen treated their green country cousin from American was irri- tating to say the least. And this was a little way--even if puerile-of soothing my feelings. The sixteen days in London, including the fare from Plymouth and to Paris were about 5523. About two dollars of that went into books. Surely this was cheap, On the way to Paris I had another sign from the powers who always aid those who are determined to succeed. After I had been riding in the train for some time, I expressed in no polite words my sentiments on third class comforts. But my dear Sir, this is second class- 3 this from an English gentleman who sat next to me. When do they call for the tickets ? I asked. Oh, any time. And must one pay the difference when taking second instead of third class by oversight ? Oh, no, was the sweet reply. the payment for that is fine and imprisonment. When we got into Lazare. the conductor collected every- one's ticket-but mine. ' s I got into Paris the 14th of July. the day of the Grand Fete, and I did not care to waste any time in search of a lodg- ing, so I took a room in the first reasonable hotel I found. 30 YEAR BOOK Then I turned Parisian . . . I got into bed Monday July 15, -at 6:30 a. m. Cost: 5f. On Tuesday I took a walk in the Cite. I love the narrow, rickety streets, where the old women spend the afternoons gossiping and mending clothes. People are still natural there cheap, so I decided to live there. Before one the Rue de la Polgftechnique that runs right Montagne St. Genvieve sat a young beautiful would shame a poet's imaginationg next to old mustachioed Dame: both were working and the living is of the houses in off the Rue de la girl, whose eyes her was a portly, on a white spread. I addressed myself to them. Whenever I want aid I address myself either to the very young or the very old. Old people advise you because they know the value of it: the young help 'from sheer hopeg they feel as if it con- cerned their very selves. As for the middle aged they are too taken up with themselves to think of others. Good day. Madam, said I, here is a poor student in search of a lodging with honest people. I ask but little and I will make little trouble. Do you know of any family in the neighborhood that would take me? There followed a long conversation and at the end of it she told me to return to-morrow-she would look around. Unless I did not understand human nature, my lodging was already provided. During all that time Yvette Cthat was the girI's name-her grand-daughterj and I, had been also con- versing-with our eyes-and I knew I would see her again. The next day Mme. Femeau announced that there was a spare room for me in her son's house. It was occupied by her younger son who traveled during the summer months selling candies. My room was a delight to the eye. It was Yvette who did the cleaning. The rent was 83.80, which was one dollar less than could be found in any hotel. For the meals I paid 50c. a day. and Mme Ferneau took particular trouble to prove to me that no cooking equalled the French. I soon became like one of the family, and there was one who cried a good deal when I left. I spent my days as I should like to spend them in Para- dise, or any other place. Morning. a walk in the sunny Luxem- bourg or Tuileries in company with good brother Louis-a finer soul there never was g-or with Blanchard-good. kind, and so Indiana-an. even when he lost at cards. The afternoon at the Louvre or a library or an outingg evenings. theatre or opera ffree again. but not by any mean stratagemb. or a cafe or sitting on the steps of St. Etienne. my favorite 31 STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE NINETEEN SIXTEEN church, and around me all the good neighbors discussing all but metaphysics, and sometimes even that. Sunday belonged to Yvetteg a concert, or excursion or just wandering about town. And the cost of all this pleasure was less than a news- boy's daily earnings. One night I turned street singer. Ernest Lamirand, small and deformed, who lived across from me, supported himself by singing popular songs on street corners and selling the copies. One day I begged him to let me sing in his stead. That evening I stood at the foot of Rue St. Genviere singing with great glee La Ribaudef' a sentimental ballade of a woman's revenge. My enthusiasm was so great that soon all were singing with like good will and-every copy was sold. Such success had never come to Ernest. Towards the end he gave me away and then the crowd would not let me go until I had sung some American songs. Then perhaps for the first time in history the mountain on which Saint Genvieve had lived rang with hearty American college songs. It was a happy evening! The next day Ernest asked me to sing again, but Monnet Sully was playing Oedipus and I went to see the finest tragedian of our times. One morning the walls of the houses looked gray and narrowg I missed the sunshine and the verdure. By noon my mind was made upg out to the countryg by train to St. Malo. l THE STEWARD WALLS OF ST. MALO 32 YEAR BOOK a city I was particularly anxious to visitg then tramping along the N. W. coast to Cherbourg where I would meet my steamer. I left that evening. My stay in Paris had been six weeks and five days. For rent and board I paid 330.403 incidentals, 351315. Had I lived in a hotel the expense would have been about double. St. Malo is a town of glorious mediaeval quaintness and filth. Around the city is built a thick rampart as a protection against invaders, and in almost every house there is a Ma- donna as a protection against the devil. But a charming lady with whom I was promenading that evening on the fortifica- tion said that often neither had proven safe. Meals and lodg- ing in a devil proof house was SOC. for the day. This was a saving of at least 40c. over a hotel. I suppose living with private families as I did would not be easy for one not con- versant with the language, yet it seems to me that even the slightest knowledge plus a pleasant and happy smile would do as well. The sun shone glorious and golden in the morning and as I walked along the road the sign posts passed like birds in the air. I was not always walkingg a lass on a high vvagong a gentleman farmer going to marketg and-a merry greeting, then always followed an invitation to ride along. Near St. Broladre,-it was the mellow time of day, when the sun shines in longing beauty as if in sorrow at departing, I was arrested by the sight of a living Madonna. She sat on a high haystack against the purple sun, her childish face and bare shoulders a strange living purple brown, and in her lap sat her little brother, round and glittering, clothed in a tiny chemise up to his little breast and the rest in hot sunshine and warm breeze. They were looking at one another in con- tented tiredness with limpid dark eyes that reminded me of Yvette-. I said a prayer and not far from there put up for the nightg it was a stone wind-mill and my bed was clean straw. Expenses for the day: 37c. Before sunrise, alas! she did not rise that day, I was again on the road. Soon there rose up St. Michel, gray and gigantic, floating in the white mist like an enchanted strong- hold. On the roads of France walking in any kind of weather is delightful. There came down now a rain, warm and caress- ing and the country shone fresh and clear as if newly washed. It was like the feeling within me. Late at night I arrived in Marcey, but there was not a single auberge and though 1 33 STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE NINETEEN SIXTEEN knocked at almost every door, none would permit me to stay. Men in this part of the country are rich and therefore hardened. However, I could not continue, it was pouring like the great flood, and the night was black as Egypt, so I picked out the first barn I saw and got in, stupidly enough, thru the front door, and clomb up the loft. In a moment the watchdog was howling as if the fiend was chewing his tail. Soon the owner came up and I thought it best to tell him why the dog was howling and why I was up there. Out, you scamp, you thief, he bellowed. I was quite angry by now. Picking up the hayfork I began brandishing it through the loft window. If you come up here-, I yelled. He under- stood. OH' he went cursing and rousing the neighbors. Where- upon I thought it time to decamp. I locked the front door tight and sneaked out thru the back and by a wide circuit regained the road. I slept that night in Sartilly, 12 klm. from Marcey.. Coutance with its fine cathedral and hustling egg market marked the next day. I slept at Periers in a farmer's house. On the morrow it rained black crabs, but I pushed on making 18 klm. Expenses each day averaged about 8Oc. After Carentan the sun shone to make up for lost time. I shall never forget the night before I reached Cherbourgg it was one of such perfect and complete beauty that the happi- ness with which it filled me seemed almost divine. It diffused every part of my body so that everything of me breathed a passionate adoration of life. The night had come warm and laden with stars of living, rich softness, and as I was walking along, looking in the deep heaven, I came upon a new mown hayfield and lay down on one of the stacks. The warm air now mixed with the sweet odor was almost wildly intoxicating. But the shining stillness of the evening and the unvarying sounding of the insects were soothing and soon I lay there al- most unconscious of life, just dreaming and living happily. And then there came to me recollections of another night, which was exactly like this-I was then very young and traveling on the banks of the Volga . . . Now I was just as young, for my feelings were the same .... I was in Cherbourg the next day. It is a filthy town mainly inhabited by donkeys, dogs, fat ladies and sailors. From the day I left St. Malo until I took the boat, which was eight days later, my expenses were 37.20, and I was not grow- ing thin either. Breakfast that costed anywhere around ten cents consisted of eggs, butter, bread and milk. Lunch was 34 YEAR BOOK about thirty cents. It was sleeping in hotels that I found most expensive. The average price of a room was about forty cents. Two days later I was again on the ship and repeated my voyage as a first class passenger. This time there was not even any mail to sort. However, I had lost, for my total cost was 38685, but then I was away one week longer, almost thirteen weeks, and above all I had spent over S16 on luxuries. My daily ledger showed the following figures: 16 days London Cincluding railroad to London and Parish ........................................ 819.80 Incidentals ................... . . . 4.10 Hotel rent, Paris. One week . 1.40 Food that week ............. . 4.20 Rent for the rest of the time . . . . . . 4.80 Board same time .......... . . . 20.00 Incidentals .............. . . . 13.75 To St. Malo .............. . 4.20 Baggage to Cherbourg ..... .60 On the road and Cherbourg . . . . 7.20 Films .....,.............. . . . 6.80 386.85 Anyone can repeat the same, except perhaps the voyage. But no man has been killed by seven days work, even on a cattle steamer, and those who would shirk all the pleasures because of this, had best not try. Such as are not conversant with the language or cities, will always find the Y. M. C. A. in England and university traveling bureaus in every city where there is a university any account, of great aid. But then most of the reliance undertaking this kind of a trip should be placed in belief self and determination, the lesson Max Stirner teaches his little book. of in in in M. A. JAGENDORF. EE EE EE INTIMATE GLIMPSES. I. Life's darkest mystery-Anatomical Articulation. II. Dr. Ford did keep us so busy digging our hands into our pockets while . . . our Dr. Carr . . . Say will somebody tell me what pockets were meant for? 35 STUDENT DAYS ESCAPADE INTIMATE GLIMPSES INTI MATE GLIMPSES NINETEEN SIXTEEN III. He stands more abuse than a Mormon and yet is quiet,- always courteous and patient as Job. He scolds you one minute and the next goes out of his way to help you. A man in every sense of the word. Dr. Haigh is to be commended not only for his ability to teach, but for his line treatment of the students. IV. Insomniae ........................,........ Wks IV. Sig. For 30 nights before the Exams interspersed with nervous breakdowns, et.H Dr. C. D. O. S. New York. V. SOME MORE MYSTERIES Z- Fisher's Friday night appointments. Our photographer's pictures. How 'Sock' gets away with it. Physiology or the Brain fyour choiceb. The humor in this paragraph. VI. Drs. Wheeler and Swift! News item, June 7th-New graduates unanimously re- solve to serve their country by joiningrvarious Dental corps- of the enemy. It will be the quickest way of eliminating those that got loose, etc. VII. GOULASHl Kopensky, Guarini, Freeman, MacCafl'ery, Each to the others a part of the mass, For what Mac may lack sure Guarini hasg Kopensky the wits, the others the cash. But if Sock feels 'good', well the darned union blows up, resulting in a little mo1'e order, peace, quiet, etc. VIII. And Billy Williams still did linger near the examination room except on Thursdays-Billy, say we, was always true connoiseur with an expert eye. IX. WHICH IS QUITE DIFFERENT FROM WHAT DR. CARR USED TO TELL. THE 'LATEST' ETIOLOGY OF FRACTURE OF THE MAXILLA: All fractures are due to direct violence or crushing forces such as falling from the first floorg falling from the second floorg from the third floorg and from the fourth floorg-above the fourth call an undertaker.-Louis saved himself from a fracture of the 'first floor variety' by hanging on to the win- dow-sill.-Ed. note :-There is but one Loui C. L. JACOB H. JABLOW. 36 YEAR BOOK THE ACORN . THE ACORN 5351555555 HEN we occupied our beautiful new building, Jai the student body commenced to point with -E..Iwx pride to our institution as on a par with G ,Wi other colleges. To complete its prerequis- ites for full recognition, it was felt that a college publication was in order. Messrs. Bauman, Greif and Sablow of the class of 1914, formed a triumvirate to truly inspired leaders in this movement. Their efforts were successful, for they gave rise to the Acorn, a monthly journal. Its cosmopolitan nature was exhibited by the generous invitation which the Senior class offered the Juniors and Freshmen to corroborate with them. Accordingly, Messrs. Englander and Wilen were chosen as the editors of their respective classes. The class of 1915 gladly accepted the inheritance of its predecessors and continued the Acorn under the chief editor- ship of Mr. Joseph Connolly, assisted by Mr. Louis Berman '16 and Mr. Hyman L. Epstein '17 as well as by an industrial staff of business managers and artists proportionately chosen from all classes. We regret that the present unduly heavy schedule of the Seniors renders the continuation of this publication extremely difficult and has therefore necessitated its suspen- sion. We trust, however, that the institution of the four year course will provide sufficient time for the students to re- continue the Acorn and to raise it to a standard worthy of a college of a great profession. A. B. G. Y r 055,171 10 ' va Garter q76f'CbSf'l 37 WHY DO WOMEN STUDY DENTISTRY NINETEEN SIXTEEN WHY DO WOMEN STUDY DENTISTRY? QT ' ELL, why do they ? This question has been put to the writer many times, so in turn, in order to get at a clear understanding of the why, where, and where-with-all, it was put to the women themselves. There were as many different answers as there were types and temperaments. I wanted a profession. I would prefer medicine but it is a longer course and I think it would be harder to get a start as a medical than as a dental practitioner. To have a high and noble profession that could be prac- ticed without sacrificing my home life. My relatives are dentists. For the money that is in it, of course, that does not sound well, but one has to have money to live. I did not care and in fact did not want to study dentistry, but my relatives were dentists and so insisted it was the thing to do, Another soft-eyed girl answered, I dreamed of doing good in the world, and practicing for the good and benefit of humanity and not charging fee but just receiving as people were willing to give me out of generosity. I have seen people suffer. Another answers, Why? Well, my husband has an ex- cellent practice and I used to assist him in the operations and became so interested that I wanted to do the things my- self, and the only way to do it was to go thru college, ob- tain a scientific knowledge and the permission of the State. One breezy maiden said with a haughty air that she had a right to be a dentist, as she was born a dentist-for with the development of her olfactory bulbs she sniffs the air and her first sense of smell perception was Beechwood Creosotef' This highly proficient young woman practiced on her dolls, repairing the damage of rough sports, which made them speak with a lisp, until she had placed in beautiful Richmond crowns of popcorn cemented with chewing gum. Another very stunning young woman said her ambition had been to be a trained nurse, but in this highly specialized era, determined that the mouth is the most important part, and tho she did not even hope to control it, she would pre- serve it. S In PM dm: nmunsm 38 YEAR BOOK One splendid recognized woman in the profession stated that her study of dentistry had not been the result of a wild incentive to do so but because her father had insisted that she be independent, so she could choose her life partner, or by courtesy let him choose her, and not be forced to marry for a home, as he had seen many others do. This young wom- an has made a brilliant success in the profession, has many admirers and has built herself a beautiful home. She wears huge bunches of violets. But we do not know what she is going to do about it. If this young woman is still following her father's sagacious advise she will probably sell her home as an application of the acid test. Still, Herbert, she may not be so cruel. The following reply came from one whom you would never suspect. I studied because Belasco failed to recognize my bud- ing genius. It is yet to be demonstrated whether or not Belasco made a mistake, for if this fair dentist has art enough in her fingers, the stage upon which she plays will present to the spectator, neither comedy nor tragedy, but instead he will bless the scientific skill and prodcient fingers which will save him from one and prevent the other. When one considers that fifty years ago the city of New York threatened to take away the charter of Bellevue Hos- pital, if the mistreatment and discourtesy to Dr. Anna Mann- ing fComfortJ and five other medical coeds, accorded by the faculty and student body was not discontinued, and here observes in contrast the gallantry, deep personal interest and comradeship extended by our fellow dental students, one sees exemplified the tremendous stride forward of human progress. MARTHA DE LAN KINNEY. HNHTOMICHL FIRTICULHTION I-WK FoR THE as Pomr CONTACT. WHY D0 WOMEN STUDY DENTISTRY A VISITOR NINETEEN SIXTEEN ,f w-'fi X I ' Wx 0 . 34 sail - , - -ff 1 qu' I sew. .h.xk.,lN e ,E 4 A VISITOR. T had been a hard day in the office. Several fistulous tracts had not responded to treat- ment as recommended by my old Professor of Operative Dentistry and I almost wished I had followed Dr. Haigh's advice forty years ago and gone out with the great Army of Unwashed and snow-shoveled for a living. Well, anyway, I decided to make the best of it and consider myself lucky in having gotten by thus far. I heard the bell and a little later the maid announced that there was a gentleman to see me. She ushered in an old man, bent, and gray, with a long Howing beard that made him look like Dr. Ford impersonating Santa Claus. Don't you remember me ? , said the ghost of what was once an eificient piece of human machinery, Fm Jones of the Class of 1916 of the College of Dental and Oral Surgery. I acknowledged recollection but on account of the trying day I had just had, I was not overanxious to carry on a con- versation. The poor old fellow sighed and looked about him. You appear to be very comfortable, he said. Have a smoke, I replied. No, thank you, I was the one man in the Class of 1916 that never smoked or borrowed the makins and I haven't contracted the habit since I've been out. Oh, very well, said I. Not noting my sarcasm he continued, 'Tm tight up against it. After I graduated I took Dr. Emmert's course in Prosthetic Dentistry but I never could make his removable bridges 'remove'! I've been out West, I served as a Dental Surgeon in the Army. I was a Demonstrator in the Infirmary for awhile but there was so much book-keeping connected with School to keep up with that job that I found I'd have to take a course in a business school to keep up with it. Then whenever Miss Robinson cried Dr, Haigh! I had an attack of the Willies so I quit. Finally I got a job demonstrating how to put Arsenic in a tooth when the decay extends below the soft tissues but the first patient I tried it on died of necrosis, coma, convulsions, syncope, ,shock and collapse. The patient's heirs sued me and as I didn't have any money I was put in jail. Well, I got out a year ago and I've been trying to get a job ever since but I haven't been successful. Tonight I thought I'd call on some of my more prosperous class-mates and see if they wouldn't extend a helping hand to a poor old decrepit dentist. 40 YEAR BOOK I wasn't much impressed by this story and showed it in my face. I'm entitled to some consideration. I was the only man in the 1916 Class that always had the Materia Medica prob- lems right on the examinations. Still I was not interested. I always bought Janeway's Notes and understood them. I always answered the Dean's roll-call too, and I never dis- appointed a patient in the Infirmary. Well, said I, if you understood Janeway you should now be President of the National Dental Association and mak- ing thirty thousand Jaspers a year. Those were only a few of my achievements when I was in College, said the old Hasbeen. I never let Ford trip me up in Anatomy and I was able to recognize the difference be- tween a Section of the Liver and a plate of Joe's corned beef and cabbage. Oh, well, said I, you're not so much. I remember the day that Ward was describing Potassium and forgot to say, 'We have other compounds like that but we'll take them up later.' Without apparently noticing my interruption he Went on, I had my instruments checked by Manville and I had every one of them. Haigh never had to tell me to finish olf the distal margins of my gold fillings and Miss Gray gave me a patient once that needed twenty-one gold fillings. I yawned. You don't think I'm worthy of consideration but I'll tell you something. I never tried to flirt with Dr. Dean's assist- ant. I owned my own vulcanizer. I never got any help in an examination. Dr. Carr never had to tell me to take my hands out of my pockets. I knew every bit of Oral Surgery word for word. I got a 1009? in Pathology. I took notes in Physical Diagnosis and stayed up all night before the exam. cram- ming them. You are only reminding me of things I know about and if you were so great in College I don't see why you come around begging? Don't judge me harshly, I'm only the victim of circum- stances. I'm down on my luck and I need five dollars until I get something to do. Say, if I gave five dollars to every one that told me things I already knew I'd be in the poor house myself. The poor old hick started to get excited. Before I get through, he said, I'll impress you with the fact that I'm 41 A VISITOR A VISITOR NINETEEN SIXTEEN entitled to some consideration from the members of the Class of 1916. You'll have to 'show me'. Thus far you haven't told me very much out of the ordinary. I suppose the next thing you'll tell me is that Swift gave you 100 per cent in an Operative Examination and that Dr. Walker wept on your neck for joy when he saw your State Board gold Hllingf' The old derelict rose to his feet. His fists were clenched. His breath came in short gasps. He suffered from a rise of temperature, feeble pulse, slowing of the blood current, diapedesis, fatty degeneration, his skin was cold and clammy, he was bathed in perspiration and he seemed about to suffer spinal shock, ataxia and aphasia. He waved his arms about and cried, I'll make you think that I was somebody when I went to the College of Dental and Oral Surgery. Do you know what else happened to me ? Hey, Eddie! said I. All joking aside now. If you don't think I'm entitled to a five spot for what I'm going to tell you why you can throw me out of your house at once. Go ahead, have it over with. What did you do that was so super-great ? In the three years I attended the College of Dental and Oral Surgery, my work was always satisfactory to Dr. Nyce. He got the five. E. S. e -U-N-A...-BT1... ,,.-.-4...--1 CHGE l 5?-. li W X 1 .A ,,.,......----A . -fii1 'T' 'cc-'---f- YEAR BOOK W. A. PURRINGTON .- DENTAL ETHICS. HE editor asks for the graduating class a word of advice, which is said to be the only thing more blessed to give than to receive, and may also come sometimes from an un- promising source. There was once, for in- stance, a mayor, whose walk in life had not been along pious ways. Yet he was asked position to address a Sunday school, and, after hesitation, accepted. This is what he said: Children, I am not used to speaking on such occassions but I can give you from my personal experience a sound rule of conduct. Play the game fairly and according to the rulesg then when it is all over and the chairs are pushed back from the table, the cards stacked and the chips piled up you will hear, if you have played the game fairly, a voice from Heaven saying, Well done, good and faithful servant, enter into the joy of your Lord. That sermon was, at least, to a good point. A profession, in theory if not always in practice, is dif- ferentiated from a trade in that gain is not its chief object. and ideals are of its essence. From that viewpoint the prac- 43 Qi self by virtue of his DENTAL ETHICS DENTAL ETHICS NINETEEN SIXTEEN tice of medicine is one of the highest occupations of men. It aims to relieve and prevent human suffering and to widen the horizon of scientific nowledge by freely making known quae proscient omnibus. Dentistry properly regarded, is a specialty of medicine, including in that broad term, surgery. This proposition for which some, notably the Dean of this College, have long contended, is of late coming into general acceptance. The law has in different cases defined dentistry as a handicraft, an art, a mercantile trade, classifying it with such occupations as midwifery and trussmaking. Its claims to professional standing have been fiouted. Now the pendulum is swinging to the other extreme and obscure maladies are traced to apical abscesses and other infections in the oral cavity and adjacent regions, to which rheumatic, nervous and cardiac affections and even Bright's disease are, by some, attri- buted. Years ago a leading otologist of New York, a very able man of advanced, if not of extreme views, incurred some ridicule by insisting that his patients should have all or most of their teeth extracted. One patient to ,whom he said, You must have that tooth taken out, replied, But my dentist re- fuses to extract it. He does, does he, said the otologist, I will send you to a man who will remove it, and he wrote the name of the practitioner to whom he customarily referred patients. That , said the victim, smiling, is the name of my dentist. Whether this specialist was extreme in his conf tention that conservative dentistry was the cause of woes unnumbered, by preserving instead of removing dead and irri- cause of aural complications, to decideg but his theory is To cite another example, a condition of the tongue, con- Hxed a day for excising the pain was murdering sleep. tant matter, and, particularly, a is not a question for a layman now less surprising than then. man suffering from an infiamed sulted a surgeon of repute who unruly member. The patient's He went for temporary relief to one whom you of this school all know and admire, a man who was first a physician and then by specialization a stomatologist, or dentist as you may choose to call him. This specialist after examination was satisfied that there was no malignant growth. But he found rough edges of teeth that should be smoothed down, applying an emollient to allay the pain. When the day set for excision arrived the patient's tongue was in perfectly good condition. To excise a man's tongue needlessly would have been a griev- ous wrong, but not perhaps the worst that could happen to poor humanityg for when the case was mentioned to one of the most distinguished surgeons of his day, he smiled and said, 44 YEAR BOOK I can well believe it. A woman was sent to me lately from a southern city to have her tongue excised for a supposed malig- nant affection. I sent her to a dentist, had her offending teeth extracted and sent her home. What the local surgeons thought of me, I can not say. How much more grievous would be this operation, now, when the voices of women are heard through the land? These are but examples of a truth that, as the French say, jumps at the eyes, a truth that Celsus, the Roman physician, realized when he said that all depart- ments of medicine are so interwoven that they cannot be sep- arated. Today it is as hard to draw a line in some cases be- tween the practice of medicine and that of dentistry, as be- tween sanity and insanityg and the time is at hand when it will be generally recognized that dentistry is not a calling apart, that a merely clever mechanic is unfitted to treat the manifold complications in the oral cavity. There is much in a name. He who treats the nose, as you have been told in this college, must be first of all a physician specialized as a rhinologistg so of the opthalmologistg so of the otologistg so of the laryngologist. All are first physicians and then special- ists. But in the popular mind any man able to fill or extract a tooth and to do prosthetic work regardless of pathological conditions, is a qualified dentist, or tooth carpenter, as the vulgar term him. Call dentists stomatologists and those to whom the name, not the reality, is the thing, lift him at once to a higher plane and appreciate that he is a professional man who has or should have high scientific attainment. Nothing conduces more to the low popular esteem of den- tistry than the existence of so-called dental parlors . As the word salon, associated with the assembly of persons of light and learning, has degenerated into saloon, associated with the sale of rum in more or less limited quantities, so the word parlor has become odious in dentistry. In these places all unethical practices abound: such as advertising, by ghastly displays of teeth and prosthetic appliances at the doorg by tall, portly, gentlemen who seem to have a peculiar lure for the unwary, and, by offers ofcheap work, and worst of all, the employment of unlicensed men, because they are to be had cheaply, and even more, because if they quit their employer they may not start in opposition to him and abstract his clientele without coming under the peril of the law if he chooses to report them, as he often fears to do lest they in turn report him as an abettor in their offenses. There is a constant outcry that the law does not crush out unlicensed practitioners. It comes, not so often from 45 DENTAL ETHICS DENTAL ETHICS NINETEEN SIXTEEN leaders of the profession as from those who regard the statute as one enacted not for the public protection but for the benefit of licenciates by limiting competition. Many of those who cry loudest, themselves aid and abett violation of the law by per- mitting and ordering their mechanics to do operative work. Law of itself has never made men moral or goodg nor has it eliminated crime of the graver sort. When eH:'ective it is so only because it is an expression of a real public opinion that the acts it condemns are intrinsically evil. Murder, arson, assaults, etc., have been recognized in all civilizations as crimes, mala in se as lawyers call them. Yet the daily press records their constant commission, and even murder is con- doned by juries under pleas of insanity and the higher law. The great game of civilization to be played successfully must be played according to the rules-the laws of the State. If the law be unduly harsh, oppressive and unwise, let it be repealedg but while it stands the good citizen obeys it, and lies down to quiet sleep without fear that the morning may find him delivered over to the oliicer. He who violates the statute may, if fortunate, escape its penalites altogether, but the sword of Damocles hangs over him and he knows not when it may fall. It is a great evil and misfortune that such statutes as the public health law and others of like nature should have to be enforced, if at all, by spies and informers, who in all ages have been odious and often venal. A life lived under espion- age and at the mercy of the blackmailer cannot be a happy one. And many have contended earnestly that it would be wise to repeal most, if not all of these paternal statutes, leaving men to protect themselves against charlatans, as free and intelli- gent men should be able to do. VVhatever good has resulted from the enforcement of medical and dental laws is that synchronously with it, if not on account of it, the standard of education and skill has advanced. Decent men, unwilling to be misdemeanants, qualify for their profession. This then is the sum of the matter-Play the game accord- ing to the rules, not for the money at stake. Know the law and observe it. Be honest with the patient and your fellows. Widen your scientific horizon, and remembering the debt that Lord Bacon said a man owes to his profession, pay that debt by seeing advancement of your chosen callingg and in the end much will be added unto you as a good and faithful servant. W. A. PURRINGTON. 46 Y E A R B 0 O K THE GREATEST AMERICANS TEETH. THE GREATEST vfg T THAT period Washington had passed the AMERICANS lr time of life when he could be attractive to TEETH young women except by reason of his ex- alted position and the nimbus of heroism that surrounded him. He was 57 years old, decidedly deaf, and had lost nearly all A ll' 4' 5, ,gy I , his teeth. Ever since early manhood his teeth had given him a great deal of trouble, and in 1769 he wore a false set, of hippopotamus ivory, which was extremely uncomfortable. In those days, of course, the art of making false teeth was in the early stage of its development. The same, indeed, might be said of dentistry in general. A complete set of dental tools found among the personal possessions of Washington after his death, at Mount Vernon, afforded mute evidence of the distress his teeth caused him. In his diary, under date of Jan. 18, 1790, fwhile in New Yorkj, he speaks of suf- fering from an aching tooth and swelled and inflamed gums. So the Gods do not spare even the greatest. Somehow one disconnects great men from earthly affairs, hence the momen- tary surprise at finding that even the great Washington suf- fered from an aching tooth and swelled and inflamed gums. And what adds a humorous as well as humane touch to the whole affair is that the first great dreamer of a Free America wore a plate of Hippopotamus teeth and that he had in his possessions a complete set of dental tools. It would be in- teresting to know if Washington was his own operator on his teeth, or had his wife work on him, or his barber. Another alluring speculation is whether these instruments were for his own personal use or for family use. It should prove a fertile field for any research worker in Dental curios and would make an interesting essay. The present writer is unable to avail himself of the opportunity because of the nearness of the final examinations. Q -0 'Ge Mv-lovers Bene h in n-fern? 1' V, . y X wej kr Wien Yfalleq iams Wulf gaffffjff Ill. NINETEEN SIXTEEN A DREAM A DREAM. IN VERSE LIBRE. Foreword. Have compassion gentle reader,- All that glitters is not gold, Much we tell you in this volume Is the old but newly told. Long we've labored to compile it, Time and toil unstinted spent, Only give us this one credit:- None of us have made a cent. If in aught it gives you pleasure- Aught there is for you to treasure - It will make us most content. 'Twas a night we had welsh rarebit I remember, and a few members of '16 were gathered around the rubber-like sub- stance, whiffing the delicious odor and patting unexpanded ventral regions in anticipation of the coming treat. At last it was ready. I ate my share-'steen pieces of toast well covered with the stomach prescription which is so excellent in case you wish a view of many of your ancestors during the small hours of darkness. Too full for utterance I lay down on the divan, and that delicious feeling of comfortable sleepiness stole over me. The noise of jest, laughter, songs and scuffling gradually dwindled to a confused murmur. My companions grew hazy and soon all was oblivion. Suddenly I gave a start. It was Friday morning about 8 o'clock. My dream took me from my downy cot with a bound. I swallowed a little Force and coffee. Over surface cars ele- vated, and subway, finally landing at C. D. O. S. just in time to see our venerable Dean take the elevator with his little black book full of dots and crosses. I reached his side in time to be nailed to a cross and my dream nearly ended happily there. But Ah! a change came over the spirit of my dream. 1 had a patient waiting in the prosthetic department. I heard a thundering through the halls and my name resounding be- tween each new burst. But horror of horrors! I needed a piece of solder the size of the head of a pin! The line had been forming since the hour of nine and I was tenth on the list. So I waited! 48 YEAR BOOK But good reader in Free Verse the muse still has wings -when finally I got the metal, and came to my chair,-the patient was gone, leaving word he would be back the next day he had off,-which would be two weeks later. I walked stealthily to our subway eating emporium and squandered ten cents on a paper covered sandwich and a bottle of Borden's best. Somewhat drowsy from my hearty meal I was for once in luck. It was one o'clock and my program called for physical diagnosis. I passed the hour pleasantly gliding over crack- ling rales, bubbling rales, and Ucreaking rales without my slumber being disturbed once. Not even a Heart mur- mur to say the least about an idea reaching as high as the fourth ventricle. But alas, that caoutchouc rolled again and my dream became real and vivid. However I sat thru that Materia Medica Quiz. like a columnar epithelium and did not utter a word. Having neglected my prayers before taking to my divan I now availed myself of the opportunity and they were answered by the gong. It was now our gymnasium period, consisting of rolling cigarettes, playing ball with derby hats, cleaning the black- board eraser with swiftly moving currents of air, and splash- ing cream puffs against some ones malar bone. This part of the program was always supplemented by a lecture in physiology. The combined course over, I entered the realm of knowns and unknowns. About 85 per cent of the latter and 15 per cent of the former. The 15 per cent were mostly crossed. But alas, alas, only one more and the week was ended. I entered old Brown Hall and to my cell number XYZ. Soon entered the class-room our learned professor. Oh Solomon could'st thou even fathom the vast knowledge that head containeth! Hypothetical second bicuspids innum- erable, every fact about papilla, gingivae and Naysmyth's membrane contained in manuscript, archive, and note! I listened to his good reading and carefully underscored the important words like the , and , etc., and listened for the bell. ' Suddenly I felt a terrible whack and awoke amazed and agreeably surprised to find that one of my '16 friends was still with me and this had all passed some years ago only to be renewed in a dream on the divan. Our midnight feast had broken up and I had to depart 49 A DREAM A DREAM FAMOUS SAYINGS NINETEEN SIXTEEN with the blissful knowledge that this was a mere dream and not a reality. The moral that I deduct from this pathetic tale is: do not sleep directly after eating soft vulcaniteg and remember the road to greatness goes thru many paths! Perhaps all was for the best. CLARENCE G. DURKEE. EEEEEE FAMOUS SAYINGS. Gottlieb :- Dr. Carr wants me to say to the class that- Red H errlmaoz. :-Whtyrklmnxvbgrtwplkncdsarewtqkmn B7'0'2U7Z,I-'KTl'191'9 was a fellow up home- Fry: Mensclzing :- Can this be the trut. Dr. Janeway should be a firm supporter of President Wil- son. They have both had considerable trouble with Notes If we wished to make a very bad pun we might say that they were both Note-oriousf' OUR IDEAL MAN. Red Croker's Head. Jack Schelpert's Feet. Turk Webb's Hands. Mensching's Hair. Moss' Hot air. Mulcahy's Good Looks. Minion's Mustache. Gottlieb's Build. Jagendorf's Flower. Billy Williams Eye-glasses. Taylor's Brains. Hank Bevier's Physique. E. S. ?Qj5:nlojj Q-aesfm'7. ...Q V 'Huw V E -f-ilk' , ...I '11, wL,.r3sl,.A1c.n? 50 YEAR BOOK AN UNFORGETTABLE INCIDENT. mean Dr. S. C. Bainbridge's lecture. Not very many realize what this present war really means-the tremendous after-effect it will have: an effect not only historical and geographical, but philosophical and scien- tific as well. Gigantic theories are shat- tered and new ones are taking their place. All this was brought home with gunshot directness as Dr. Bainbridge spoke and showed his pictures. It conveyed to the mind the actuality of the upheaval most graphically. Situated as we are, we do not quite appreciate the war. The absence of the actual occurrences, the innumerable diversions and incidents that occupy our minds and above all the tyrannic force of the mind which directs our thoughts pre- ferably in channels that are least irritating and painful, prevents us from being in the state of mind in which are those who are actually in the midst of the great conllict. Reading books and newspapers are only a diversion, but it is not so when listening to a lecturer-particularly to a lecturer of the type of Dr. Bainbridge. For a while we actually did experience being in the very midst of it all- for a while we realized the true signincance of the Why and what. For such a realistic presentation we feel very grateful and express our thanks most readily to the accommodating spirit which made it possible. N -4 x-gg. , yall 7 4 -ss H.H.1' , 'X afar Hes Pl Jolly Gtoodffeliovvi N 51 AN UNFORGETTABLE INCIDENT gf Se m0 5f NINETEEN SIXTEEN HIS FIRST EXTRACTION '4 6, Wm, WSI' SI was Z HDYL HIS FIRST EXTRACTION. UNIOR MARKS just arrived, Nothing less than Seventy-five. With chin high and chest all swelled I'm,a Senior now he yelled. No more lectures, books or worry, Or exams that tell the story, Free from care and all remorse,- Decides to take the Summer course. Soon matriculation followed, Then some instruments he borrowed. A clean white coat was then in order With a plain or fancy border. The next morn, as sure's you're born We find him in the extracting room Where the victims sit forlorn Little dreaming of their doom. Patient number one was seated, On the operating chair, One scared freshie tried to beat it For fear the Prof. would spot him there It seemed so slight a little trick! Our senior had the honor To separate our patient sick From his aching molar. Upper right , the doctor said, And that sure is some beauty. Patient soon to sleep was led, The N20 had done its duty. Then the dirty work he started Quick and with a nervous rush. Take your time, the doctor added, Or the crown you're sure to crush. Nervously he stood there And trembling like a leaf, He dug his forceps everywhere Till the patient cried with grief. H! YEAR BOOK Now just to make things interesting HIS FIRST Patient 'gan to moan and wail, EXTRACTION This sure was not the best thing Our senior then did hail. All his operative theory That he crammed so hard last year, Seemed all wrong for surely- Twenty roots held that molar there. The 6th attempt that I recall Was the lucky one I reckon, Out came process tooth and all For accidents will happen. Then patient consciousness recovered Looked for tooth he thought he'd lack, But to his surprise discovered That the tooth was still intact. Is what I've gone thru all in vain? Said the patient to the doctor And then he Hung this neat refrain To our, not yet, tooth extractor: You yanked a tooth, that's true, you rube, But not the one you oughter, And now I'm out a tooth you boob. -And the college out a quarter. MAX MESSINGER. E2 I -J QIHRUSSQII 'si'oc,Kn Sbemfer ly fylaferia median fi LQL 55l95' 076 is Skenlfer? NINETEEN SIXTEEN HMUSEMENIS ee I c-mf remember W Cfbdr' flje dosg f fro ng IS 5,5 P 545 0 'a I a on Fin cn T C msdnnjhf 'Frohc Well Toctfor 1, donf SEE w 1 we hqtfe T efc gfc F1 Guns borj Z'l!Ncd S S A-ffr M541 cs 'fur' K We bb hear -1 c 0 llmK me eau f'-'mmfn Vvplle 1,76 elodj f ouTl7 IIC, H fe' Y, .1406 Sdlel peff foadzlj I-009 Lejs W., G ,sv 4-Sen ers B Wh T e Graaf Lover l Maj 7.1 IS' 0Of'0 ,, an if ,gf . , Q 5 1 f' W Q haf f f r lj S ZOY' V 1 1 I X f , , f ' X f . , 9, '5 'r X-:LA . X - a N 1 J-Af' ic o FI Vfomaq of No Irl1fof rancg:' Rd- .. ,t , 5 - N in ., Jil jo ova- - ' t 3 B ' VI 0 7 ' ,, vu ,K . 4 ' Z1 'Q ' 1 1Il.j ' o I m 9 -- wif-H.',,-H ,! 1 YEAR BOOK 1916 WHOJS WHO wHo's WHO AND WHAT's WHAT. AND I The Good Lime Devil Miss Kahn WHAT S WHAT Within the Law Smoking in the basement A Chapter of Accidents Laboratory experiments The Editor's important Aide de Camp Jarmulowsky Mutt and J eff Edelman and Schmitt Great Expectations One hundred and four gold fillings. More work than required in the Prosthetic Department Much Ado About Nothing Soldering at State Board The Lightning Conductor I'll pluck you The Tower of Babel Rosenfeld Deliverance Diploma The Count of Luxembourg Jagendorf The High Road Final Exams The Rag-time Soldiers Gittelson and Jaenisch Some Boy A. B. Goldburg I'm the Guy Altstadt The Jaggity Rag Jagendorf's Ties Ohl What a Night June 6th I Love Music Miss Ginsberg Merry Wives of Windsor Warfield, Maisel Two Gentlemen of Verona Wolf, Liebfreund The Tempest Kopensky A Midsummer Night's Dream May 25th The Taming of the Shrew Elephant The Battle Cry of Peace Now, gentlemen, I Want order or I'll leave the room Silas Marner K1-emen King Arthur Klatzkin The Mocking Bird Wilen The Friar Fry The Shining Star of the Class Y Light Our Menagerie Wolff, Elphant, Maisel, Katz A. GOLDBERG. FRESHMRN -WNFOR SENFOR F A -lf - i n KX , A s. X V : 'T ' - :-- f ' -f,?ff J?g,51i.-,p ' if f, A In , . f7 iI 1V. . . wg! , 2? viz If M! . ,.. .R ' - 1 y 1, j N7 U ' . N fp xo f ,,, SI ' 9 IE' HAS!--an X If A ' nf eff? -if-iirf i-We L ' QT Vshx fl DELIGHTFUL REM INISCENCES NINETEEN SIXTEEN DELIGHTFUL REMINISCENCES. Lifes Mysteries. Chairs in Prosthetic department. Three point contact. Jagendorf's ties. Dental Ayfinities. ' Sulphuric Acid and Bicarb. of Soda. Special lectures and cutting them. Seniors and Mustaches. lncompatibilities. Freshmen and clean coats. Materia Medica and fox trots. Dental Hamlicaps. Co-education. Financial embarrassments. F1'esh.me'rL's Difzversion. Tooth carving. Jimi01 s. Dissection. Seniofs. Typodonts. Alimin. Competition. Height of Precautimi. Putting rubber Dam on a Mannikin. Indoor Sports. CTen Points of Interest.J . Looking for lost anatomical teeth. 1 2. Board rubber baseball. 3. Vulcanizing. Senior Orals. 5. Wrestling in Brown Hall. Dr. Janeway quizzing. One round bouts Mensching Vs. Moss. 8. Dr. Nyce Soldering. One hour Physiology naps. Extractions. 4. 6. 7. 9. 10. LITTLE OBSERVATIONS. Seniors who sterilized automatic mallet sterilize cavities on typodont before filling. One ingenious Senior tried to match rubber dam to color of his patients hair. Bald heads will have to do without gold Hllings. 56 YEAR BOOK The Junior who made a cleaning on a patient with just one tooth in the entire mouth was surely not born on the 13th. Stateboards on such cavities might simplify matters. Some students dismissed their patients with cotton rolls in mouth and expected to find them in position at the next visit. To avoid accidents in using Kerr Broach, I would suggest that the end of Broach be fastened with silk floss to patient's ear. 31,000.00 to any one who can prove that an impression of the teeth taken in Portland cement will not cure pyorrhea. THINGS TO WORRY ABOUT. Four year dental course. There is less CO, in air every year. Prof. Janeway. Diplococci. Change of college colors. What to do with some of the instruments we had to buy. A job. MAX MESSINGER. Miilmfmmr 'faq five 5GVl0f5, Fill ivy oi r-ow. Handf, Tlyelr' ,PocKef3 No place To j0! -lilfhiffillqapfblfifm Cheese if! Here Covvyes The Qeaqm sigma? 57 ACUTE ALVEOLAR ABSCESS NINETEEN SIXTEEN ACUTE ALVEOLAR ABSCESS. Gif? T generally happens that the new-Hedged J ifvm NN XL, 2-4' gf-greg ig-f'-'fyguwzgx nh 333,15 Ni' Q4-1-T l practitioner has not been on his profes- sional way very long before he is confronted with a case presenting conditions that tax his knowledge pertaining thereto and that bring home to him his particular lack of ex- perience, thus robbing him of the confidence so essential in tackling anything to bring it to a successful conclusion. And of such cases, not the least alarming or serious are those of acute alveolar abscess, particularly those that have passed beyond the abortive stage and must be developed thru all the succeeding stages of suppuration to disgorgement of pus thru the soft tissues and final resolution. Acute alveolar abscess is primarily a blind abscess. Like all alveolar abscesses, they are dependent upon the death of the dental pulp Cexcept onej, and the subsequent closure of the root canal, thus making impossible the escape of the products of putrefaction. The exception mentioned above is the case where the tooth may have had the pulp matter properly re- moved, the canals treated and the tooth filled. Later, thru recurrent decay or accident, the filling has fallen out and the patient failed to have it replaced. Eventually the root filling may wash away, the canal or canals become clogged with food debris, ,and well developed acute alveolar abscess result. Acute alveolar abscesses rarely have an established open- ing for the escape of pus. In cases where we find such an open- ing in conjunction with symptoms of acute alveolar abscess, questioning will generally show that the abscess has been of the chronic variety with fistula established, but thru clo- sure of the fistula the symptoms have become more accentuat- ed. These cases seldom reach the height of acuteness, how- ever. But we must always bear in mind that all variations are possible and that there are exceptions to all rules. The following classification of acute alveolar abscess may be made: 1. Incipient for abortivei period: fab Root or tooth beyond restoration. Call Extraction possible. fa2J Extraction not possible. fbi Tooth can be restored. 2. Established for non-abortivei period: tal Root or tooth beyond restoration. Cali Extraction possible. Ca2J Extraction not possible. fbi Tooth can be restored. 58 YEAR BOOK Let us now consider the condition according to the classi- fication. 1. The incipient 01' forming stage. That is, where the patient has experienced the preliminary pains of the develop- ing putrefactive process and has applied immediately for relief. Up to this point the symptoms have been a throbbing pain in the jaw where the offending member lies fthe patient usually being able to refer to the particular onej. Percussion always causes great tenderness. There may also be a slight swelling of the soft tissues and a consequent distention of the normal facial outline. Examination reveals the root or tooth which is the cause of the trouble. Looseness of the root may be present but is not a safe indicator of the offending member. If it be a root or tooth decayed beyond the possibility of restoration, it must be extracted, if possible. The extraction should be done under a general anesthetic, usually nitrous oxide. Local anesthesia is generally difficult to obtain because of the presence of inflammation. It is wise not to attempt it, for in the majority of cases the pain of injection aggravates the pain associated with the original condition. And then there is always present the danger of spreading the infection. If the root be successfully extracted, then the usual after- treatment for extraction wounds is followed. If for sufficient reason extraction is found impracticable, the procedure then is to open up the canal or canals to allow the pus and gases to escape. At this stage there is a comparatively small amount of pus present. Should the opening be accomplished, the patient experiences almost immediately a sense of relief. A fine, ,barbed nerve broach is used for this purpose, and then. dipping it in formocresol, it must be very carefully passed into the canal or canals again to moisten them with the drug. This is the only form of treatment that should be used in the canal or canals. No cotton should be placed in them and no sealing of them should be attempted because of the danger of destroying drainage. Except, however, in the lower jaw, where, if possible, a pledget of non-medicated absorbent cotton should be placed lightly over the root or in the broken-down tooth merely for the purpose of preventing food debris from packing in again and clogging up the freed passages. The patient is to be cautioned against displacing the cotton, if pos- sible, and instructed to replace it should it become dislodged. Use tincture of iodine on the gum, both lingually and buccally or labially, as the case may be, including the area 59 ACUTE ALVEOLAR ABSCESS ACUTE ALVEOLAR ABSCESS NINETEEN SIXTEEN above the contiguous teeth. We then instruct the patient to return home and apply an ice-bag for next best, cloths wrung out in cold waterl to that portion of the face where the tooth is situated. The cold has a tendency to lessen the expansion of the gases and thus in a great measure relieve pain. In many cases the relief is absolute. The case should be seen twice a day for two or three days, if judged necessary, the foregoing treatment being repeated to keep the drainage open and to control the pain and swell- ing. The important thing about aborting an abscess of this type is to keep the drainage open. The patient is instructed to return sooner if he experiences a return of the feeling of pres- sure which is readily recognized. If the drainage is not main- tained it is as certain as fate that greater suppuration will be the outcome. In about three days the inflammation should be sufiiciently reduced to obtain a good local anesthesia, when the operator may proceed with extraction and not be hampered by a time limit. Should the case have responded to the above treatment, the abscess is said to have been aborted. Should the treatment have failed, thru not having been able to establish a drain- age by way of the root canal, it has entered the non-abortive stage, and a diiferent method of treatment is instituted. For subdivision fbj of class one, the procedure is the same as for Q a, 25 except that as soon as the iniiammatory symptoms have subsided, it becomes safe to institute the classical treat- ment for-putrescent pulps which requires hermetically sealing the formocresol remedy in the tooth. In cases of this subdivi- sion, the cavity of the tooth should be packed with non-med- icated absorbent cotton pellets, but very lightly, so as not to hinder the escape of any gas or pus, until the acute symptoms have subsided and it is safe to seal up. 2. The established type of acute alveolar abscess-those past the possibility of abortion-present a rather different set of conditions and require a more elaborate procedure in treating. When these cases come to us. they usually present a rather alarming appearance. The face is swollen greatly, the degree depending upon many factors: the tooth affected. the vascul- arity of the tissues of the individual, the age. the sex, the length of time the condition has existed, etc. Before becoming alarmed at the degree of swelling all the factors should be considered. for there may not be fand usually is notl any cause for alarm over an extensive swelling 60 YEAR BOOK in these cases. For instance if it be an upper anterior tooth that is affected, it may cause great distention around the nasal region and entirely close the eye on that side. In such cases the position of the eye-ball should be noted. If there is any displacement of the ball in the socket, it should be considered as a sign of possible antrum involvement, and due precautions should be taken. The displacement is caused by inflamma- tion of the periosteum of the superior maxilla, If such cases do not respond to treatment in normal time, a physician should co-operate in the case. A lower posterior may cause the swelling to extend into the neck. The tissues of women and children are, as a gen- eral rule, more distensible than those of men. We can state, however, that the greater the swelling, the longer standing has been the process, and the greater amount of pus will be found present. The patient may have a temperature of anywhere from 99 to 103-104 degrees F. There is liable to be more redness of the external skin when the tooth is in the lower jaw than when it is in the upper, due to the infiuence of gravity on the con- gestion. Pain is present, but at the stage where a large quan- tity of pus has formed, it may begin to lessen in degree, leav- ing off its intermittent lancinating character and becoming duller and more continuous. This change in type of pain is probably due to the pus commencing to burrow, thus relieving pressure on the nerve terminals by making more room for itself. Naturally, there is a great loss of function accompany- ing a condition of this type, the patient being unable to masti- cate solid food, and at times even to talk produces great dis- comfort. Along with a set of symptoms of this character there would inevitably be a reflection on the general system, and We therefore need not be surprised to find beside fever, a general lassitude, loss of appetite, constipation, etc. Our first concern is to examine the mouth and oecide upon the particular cause. If it be a root, or a tooth broken beyond the possibility of restoration-that is, subdivision tai -then extraction is indicated: provided always that the oper- ator feels confident that the offending member can be removed and will not break away, leaving the condition unimproved. The extraction must be done under a general anesthetic always. The impression that extraction at this point is con- tra-indicated. is erroneous: Some have considered that a dan- ger of spreading the infection exists. Such, however, is not borne out by actual practice. By extracting we remove the 61 ACUTE ALVEOLAR. ABSCESS ACUTE ALVEOLAR -ABSCESS NINETEEN SIXTEEN cause, just as when we remove a splinter in the hand, which has set up a circumscribed suppuration. When the splinter is re- moved and the wound kept clean, a rapid healing results. Upon the removal of the root or tooth, a free and large drain- age is established, the pus disgorges rapidly, and resolution quickly sets in with proper after-treatment. All precautions must be taken to perform the extraction under conditions of absolute asepsis, and the after-treatment must not be neg- lected. Infections resulting after extraction are not due to the extraction having been made but to laxity in the observa- tion of the principles of antisepsis. We now come to those cases included in division a2 of subdivision a, and in subdivision b, of the second class. It can never be urged too strongly nor too often, that any tooth, no matter how badly it may be involved with an acute alveolar abscess, should never be extracted, if it would be possible to restore it, other conditions being normal. There is only one condition that justifies extraction of a tooth whose integrity is not too far destroyed by caries to restore, and that is when the peridental membrane is necrotic. If the operator can sat- isfy himself that such a condition is present, immediate ex- traction will save time that would otherwise be wasted. The following is a system of treatment for cases in class 2 that cannot or should not be extracted. Examine all parts of the mouth thoroly, including the palate. In some cases they may point out on the palate. By palpation of the swollen parts determine the centre of the in- fection. It is usually found next to the root or tooth causing the abscess. Unless there is a very noticeable sac present which yields to the touch when pressed, do not attempt to lance at this sittingg the pus is not yet near enough to the surface. If such a sac be located. then lance at once and follow the treat- meett given further below. Wash the mouth well with potassium permanganate. If possible. try to enter the root canals with a fine barbed nerve broach dipped in formocresol. The root or tooth may be so painful when touched, as to make this impossible at this time. Then apply tincture of iodine to the gums and contiguous parts. Enquire as to the condition of the bowels, and if they have not been more than normally active. write a prescription for calo- mel. gr. 1-6, six tablets. Instruct patient to take one tablet every twenty minutes, and half an hour after the last one to drink a tumbler of magnesia citrate. It is important that the bowels be kept open and active in a condition of this kind. 62 YEAR BOOK Also instruct the patient to obtain a dental poultice, fthe writer has found the Poloris Dental Plaster more efficient than mostj. These are to be dipped in steaming hot water and placed between the gum and the cheek next to the offend- ing tooth or root. and after a half an hour, to be replaced by a fresh one until four have been used. If the abscess be pointing on the palate, the poultice may be kept in position by instructing the patient to hold a ball of gauze in the mouthg the tongue presses against this, which in turn presses against the poultice. thus keeping it in place. Simultaneously, in conjunction with the poulticing, an ice bag is to be applied to the swollen face for at least an hour. Impress upon the patient the importance of using no hot appli- cations externally at this period. To do so would draw the pus to the outside of the face. greatly increase the swelling, and possibly spread the infection. Cold applications must be used. If the pain should be great at night instruct the patient to use the hot mustard foot bath. A tablespoonful of English mustard is dissolved in a pailful of water as hot as the patient can bear it, and the patient steeps his feet in it for from thirty to sixty minutes. This has a tendency to draw congestion from the face, and very often brings relief. Or the patient may be given morphine sulphate. Dose, gr. 1-4, four tabletsg to be taken at hourly intervals until relieved. Trigemin, con- sidered Iess harmful than morphine, gives good results in pain control in many cases, and can be tried when morphine is not desirable. The dose is two capsules to start with, one every hour until relieved. not more than five capsules to be taken in total. The application of the violet ray. gives a sense of relief at times, and helps greatly in reducing the swelling of inflam- mation. Have the patient return the next morning. If the condi- tion has been of three or four days standing before the patient applied for attention, we may expect to see evidences of point- ing at this time, i. e., after the first poulticing. The sign of pointing is the formation of a sac-like lump fmore pronounced and sooner noticeable in the upper than in the lower jawl, with a perceptible thinning of the membranes covering it. It takes a little more time, generally, to get an abscess to point in the lower jaw, due to the influence of gravity on the conges- tion, and the distance that the pus usually has to be drawn upward. If there is no evidence of pointing. do not attempt to lance, but repeat the poulticing and ice applications. Paint 63 ACUTE ALVEOLAR ABSCESS ACUTE ALVEOLAR ABSCESS NINETEEN SIXTEEN with tincture of iodine, and have the patient return at the end of the day for inspection. Do not send the patient away for twenty-four hours at this stage. The case is approaching a critical point, and must be watched morning and evening. Evidences of pointing usually appear after the second poul- ticing-rarely does it require more than three poulticings, that is, more than two days, to bring it to the lancing stage. On the first sign of pointing, we should lance. The best type of lance to use is what is known as a straight blade cat- aract knife. This can be secured at any surgical supply house. It has a blade about one inch in length and 1-16 inch in width, and is extremely thin. The point is exquisitely sharp. This' knife can be passed into soft tissues with a surprising mini- mum of pain, and that is a point to consider in lancing any abscess. Abscesses are such tender propositions when press- ure of any kind is applied, that anything we may use tending to obviate pressure has a great point in its favor. To attempt to open an acute alveolar abscess with the common gum lance, is the height of barbarism in this day of dental enlight- enment. In making the opening, the knife should be placed on the point where the incision is to commence, and then with a quick movement and light pressure, it is plunged into the sac, drawn forward rapidly for a quarter to a half an inch, and With- drawn. Make an incision, not a puncture, so that ample drain- age may be secured. After incising, the pus should be coaxed out by pressure and kneading, as required, and the wound then washed out with an antiseptic solution, such as salt and water, or water with a few drops of phenol in it, or potassium per- manganate, or alkalol, or glycothymoline, etc. Do not use hy- drogen peroxide at any time. The danger of getting some into the abscess cavity is too greatg the expanding gases would cause excruciating pain, and would very likely spread the in- fection. Having washed the wound, wind absorbent cotton on nerve probes to form a swab, and pass them through the in- cision into the abscess cavity, swabbing deeply and reaching every part of it. Dip the last swab in tincture of iodine, and paint inside the abscess cavity and outside with it. Let the patient now return home with instructions to poultice again and apply the ice packs. The internal poultic- ing and external ice applications must be continued as long as pus is obtained. If the opening was done in the morning, see the case that evening: if in the evening, see it the following morning. The point being that these cases should be watched. 64 YEAR BOOK roughly, twice in twenty-four hours, until the symptoms are well on the way to subsidence. We shall probably find the in- cision closed up, requiring reopening. This presents no dif- ficulties. We shall also find pus present. Repeat the former treatment, washing well, and applying the tincture on a swab, and instruct the patient to repeat the usual home treatment. It is seldom necessary to repeat this more than two days after incision, before the pus becomes practically absent, the swelling greatly reduced, and signs of healing set in. When we are sure that no more pus is present, and all we get on pressure is a thin sanguinous fluid, we can cut down on the poulticing. Apply only one now for half an hour, and discontinue the ice packs. By this time the greatest tender- ness to pressure on the odending member is passed and we should now open up the canals, if possible, with a fine barbed nerve broach moistened in formocresol. When the region of the incision shows the healing pro- cess well under way, and the swelling appears to subside slowly, we can instruct the patient to apply hot cloths or a hot water bag on the outside of the face. It is safe to use hot applications externally now. Pus is absent, and the heat, bringing an increased circulation to the part, hastens the process of resolution with a consequent earlier subsidence of the swelling. Estimating roughly, and allowing for exceptions, it may be said that the time taken to bring a case to this point will be about from five days to one week. As soon as healing is well under Way we may commence the classical treatment of the root canals, if it is a tooth to be saved. If it is to be extracted, we should wait for all inflammation to subside before inject- mg. As mentioned before, during all this course of treatment the patient's general condition must be watched. Constipation must be avoided and while the patient cannot take any solid food, he should be cautioned not to fail to take sufiicient nourishment. Easily assimilated foods should be suggested, such as cereals, toast, milk and eggs, broths, etc., and the pa- tient should drink plenty of good water. In conclusion, always be persistent in trying to cure a case, seeking assistance when necessary. This will enable you to acquire a knowledge of the many things that make Dentistry worth the practicing. ROY SYDNEY KNORR, D. D. s. '13. 65 ACUTE ALVEOLAR ABSCESS NINETEEN SIXTEEN ROOT-CANAL FILLINGS. ROOT CANAL OO much stress cannot be laid upon this most X ' t FILLINGS at impor ant and much abused phase of op- Nki .9 K erative work. Much has been written and GQ. much more has been done to teach students and practitioners the necessity of conscien- Wg iv 5, tious work in this, the criterion of good dentistry. Perseverence, patience, skill, time, asepsis--all these are necessary if We wish to be successful in root canal work an I therefore feel that a not of warning is not out of place to those who are about to enter the outside world upon the practice of dentistry with only their teachings and conscience as a guide. Dr. Herman Prinz, in a paper read before the New York State Dental Society, remarked that one of the most subtle opera- tions in the routine procedure of conservative dentistry is the filling of root-canals. X The primary object of filling a root canal is to replace as nearly perfectly as possible the artificially or pathologically destroyed pulp with a solid and unchan'eable substance. Should a root canal not be filled, serum will seep through the apical foramen into the canal from the apical tissues. This serum is excellent material for the micro-organisms found in the tubuli of an infected canal. In sterile canals. endogenous infection may take place through the circulation. In either case secondary infection of the pericementum occurs with a resultant acute or chronic alveolar abscess and eventually a carious or necrotic condition with a great deal of destruction to the surrounding tissues. Incidentally I may add that the patient is constantly, during this infected stage, absorbing toxins into the system to the great detriment of his health and life. With the advent of the X-ray into the field of dentistry it is a very simple matter to check up all cases of root-canal work. 66 YEAR BOOK When the canals have been thoroughly cleansed and made aseptic, small thin wires are passed into them until presum- ably the apex of each canal has been reached. A small portion of the wire is left in the pulp chamber to facilitate removal. A radiograph is then taken and the operator can readily see whether or not he has reached the apex. If he has not, he may use either mechanical or chemical means to reach it, mea- suring by means of the radiograph the exact length of the canal. Having filled the canals, another radiograph should be taken to insure the thoroughness of the operation. It is deemed advisable to obtain free access into the pulp chamber, almost, though not entirely, regardless of tooth de- struction, sacrificing both enamel and dentine, if such is ne- cessary to gain access to the apex of the canal. After the pulp tissue has been removed by broaches, the canal can then be thoroughly cleansed from debris or secondary dentine by Schrier's Sodium and Potassium. This preparation is carried by dental depots and is put up in cylindrical tubes of about two and one-half inches in length, resembling much the mer- cury tube of a thermometer and containing a combination of sodium and potassium. They are sealed with bees-wax and after use should again be sealed by the operator. When brought into contact with any organic material, it causes a saponification of the latter, and as it also causes a severe burn when in contact with the mucous membrane, it becomes a necessity when using it, to adjust the rubber dam. In its use the sodium and potassium is carried up into the canal with a pumping motion by means of a barbed broach and if any debris is found in the canal, upon contact with it, a hissing sound is heard, followed by a spurt of flame and a thin trail of a nauseating vapor. This may be accompanied by a slight pain showing that there probably was still some pulp tissue left in the canal. Repeat about three or four times until assured that the canal is clean, remove the rubber dam and wash out with an antiseptic solution, using Johnson and Johnson's absorbent points to carry the solution to the apex of the canal. Dry and seal in a disinfectant and fill at next sitting. Besides removing debris, the preparation also thor- oughly sterilizes the canal which gives it an added advantage. I have been using the sodium and potassium method for about two years and find it very efficient. The canal having been thoroughly cleansed and then ster- ilized with the above preparation. the operator now has the choice of using the various root-canal fillings recom- mended by the different authorities. A very good material 67 ROOT-CA NAL FILLIN GS ROOT-CANAL FILLINGS NINETEEN SIXTEEN advocated by prominent men is insoluble paraffin which was introduced as a root-canal filling about 1883. It is imperative that the paraflin have a melting point of not less than 55 de- grees C. f132 degrees FJ As it is colorless, it is advisable to in- corporate some dye material, which should not however stain the tooth structure. The added substance should give body to the paraffin and at the same time be fairly impermeable to the X-rays. Bismuth trioxide has been found to be very good for this purpose. Antiseptics such as thymol, salol, aristol or iodoform may be added. A good formula consists of the Iol- lowing: Thymol ........................................ 2 parts Bismuth Trioxide .................... . ......... 30 parts Hard paraiiin I melting point from 56-58 degrees CJ, 68 parts It is rolled into small pellets or cones for use in the root- canal. Thoroly dry the canal by means of alcohol and hot air and use the Johnson and Johnson absorbent points to re- move any moisture that may be left. A wisp of cotton wrapped about a broach is dipped into pure paraflin oil and passed into the dried canal, being immediately followed by a hot air blast so as to uniformly coat the root-canal. This acts similarly to a flux in soldering as it facilitates the ready flow of the liqui- fied paraflin into every available space. A prepared cone is now inserted into the canal and a heated wire or an Evans root drier is passed along its side. With a gentle pumping motion the air is expelled and the semi-liquified paraflin passes to the apex of the canal. The filling of the lower teeth is self- evident. In filling a canal in a tooth of the maxilla the chair should be tipped backward until a horizontal position of the upper teeth is obtained and as capillarity helps to a consid- erable extent, the paraffin will readily How along the direction of the heated wire. The excess wax is removed from the pulp chamber and the latter filled with oxyphosphate cement. If it becomes necessary to remove the canal filling a heated Wire will readily liquify itg it can be removed with bibulous paper cones, a broach, or a solvent such as oxylol. Another material for filling root-canals is Zinc Oxychlor- ide cement. This consists of calcined zinc oxide for the powder, the liquid being zinc chloride. It is mixed the same as ordinary oxyphosphate cement and when set is extremely hard, making it difiicult of removal and is for this reason discarded by many operators. The addition of a small quantity of glycerin retards setting. It is introduced into the canal with a gentle pumping motion by means of a smooth broach and may also be used in combination with gutta-percha cones. 68 YEAR BOOK Care should be taken not to force the oxychloride through the apical foramen as it is very irritating to the soft tissues. Chloropercha makes an excellent root-canal filling, for those who prefer it. Usually a quantity of aristol or iodoform is added to make it antiseptic. As it shrinks in hardening it should be used in conjunction with a gutta-percha cone and the canal so filled as to make a solid homogeneous gutta-percha mass. A solution of Canada balsam in chloroform to which hy- dronapthol has been added makes a useful solution for lining root canals prior to the introduction of a gutta-percha cone. The use of a mixture of aristol, oil of cloves and zinc oxide to make a paste, pumped into the canal and used in con- junction with the gutta-percha cone is to be highly recom- mended. It is a moeted question as to whether the root-canal filling should extend up to or beyond the apex of the root. I believe that where we have a normal healthy tooth to begin with, as when a vital pulp is extirpated, either for use as a crown or as an abutment for a bridge, the filling material should not go beyond the foramen, inasmuch as we do not desire to cause irritation to or inflammation of the apical pericemental tissues. Where strict aseptic care is taken, it is claimed that no serious results will follow if the material does pass through the foramen. In septic conditions the opposite course should be pur- sued. The gutta-percha cone or paraffin should extend beyond the apical foramen. It has been claimed by Dr. G. V. Black and others that where the apex of a root has lost its pericemen- tum due to septic infection, healthy tissue will never entirely heal up to and against the infected area and for that reason there is the possibility of a recurrent alveolar abscess. If then, this infected area is sterilized by sodium and potassium and an antiseptic material, particularly chloropercha, flowed into it through the apical foramen, there is the likelihood that healthy bone may grow about the encapsulated root apex. To Sum Up :- 1. Take asceptic precautions in all cases. 2. The filling should be of a solid and unchangeable material. 3. It should be impermeable to the X-rays. 4. It should reach up to or beyond the apex of the canal. 5. The canal should be sterilized with sodium and po- tassium before filling. 6. Canal fillings should be verified by the radiograph. 69 BENJ. A. GREIPER, D. D. S. '13, ROOT-CANAL FILLINGS 1916 RECORDS NINETEEN SIXTEEN 1916 RECORDS. Favorite Subject ...................... Physical Diagnosis No Comments, Now! Favorite Professors .............. Dr. Russell and Dr. Carr Professor most diiiicult to bluff ................ Dr. Russell Very, very evident Favorite Demonstrators ........ Dr. Haigh and Dr. Manville Most Modest .................. M. Leving Kellyg Garbulsky For modesty can you beat the fellow whose blank read as follows: Most modest .............. I am. Most brilliant , . . . . . .I am. Neatest ......... . . .... I am. Best Natured ........................ Alstadt, Mensching In my three years stay here I have never seen a grouch on Alstadt or Mensching, except when Prof. Carr mistook the latter for . . . Neatest ....................................... Shelpert Best student ,.,........................ Warfield, Shenker Likeliest to succeed ..,............... Kopensky, L. Herman O Temporal -O Mores! Most eccentric ................................ Jagendorf Noisiest .......................................... Sock Why not add A. Goldberg, whose whisper can be heard from 35th to Buffalo? Is a mustache a serious necessity to a graduate? The ayes had it. Comment-A necessity? Positively! Excellent for cleaning enamel dust from burs while waiting for your patients. 70 YEAR BOOK If X Q , fl A f , --' ' '-f: YNSA SW N ff -.2 Q' 31 - :ff - -'ui.lf. ' ' N - I uni fneraf. wiyi'xiulRyli..lzi'5 5 l? f.iif'rJ!:. r-' iN.'ib.li-N'-i'l 1 i ,H- jf av lr f i P A it Q fi Q 6 IF Si' fl - ' f ' mst 'W pdf will L lb A-Q. .f 1 . gs, X -31,53 M ' f ' W y' WWW - a- M sas l ll . A B Tn: NIG-HT ssrous X, XM ,Q L Exams. - 'rue wen: ITFTER, HERE AND THERE. HERE AND McCaffrey and Kopensky were reviewing Materia Medica for the final exams. Asked Mac: What is the effect of heat and cold ? Sock: Heat, among other things, expands, and cold con- tracts, butl can't think of an example. Mac: Well, in the summer when it is hot, the days are long, and during winter when it is cold, they are short. Jaenisch: Hell-Jagie! met Annie K. under a bridge this morning 8 130 A. M. Jagie: What bridge Y Jaenisch: Removable bridge. L. Berman among other things proved that the Sphenoid has thirteen centers of Ossiiication instead of fourteen. And as usual Berman is right and Gray is wrong. 71 THERE NINETEEN SIXTEEN FRESHMEN YEAR Faculty Bronze Medal, S. A. Shenker Anatomy Medal, A. Boehner fdeceasedl JUNIOR YEAR Faculty Silver Medal, S. A. Shenker Honorary Mention, M. R. Perlman Oral Surgery Prize, A. Schur CLASS OFFICERS FRESHMAN YEAR President, John W. Schelpert Vice-President, Mary Goldfarb Secretary, Ella S. Feldman Treasurer, Harry Jarmolowsky Sergt.-at-Arms, Maxim R. Perlman JUNIOR YEAR President, Arthur Klatzkin Vice-President. Gussie Livant Secretary, Mitchell Rosenson Treasurer, Nat. Hyman Sergt. at Arms, Joseph Lampert SENIOR YEAR President, George Gottlieb Vice-President, Mary Goldfarb Secretary, Louis Lowenthal Treasurer, Herman Meinwald Sergt. at Arms, Joseph Lampert SENIOR EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE J. W. Schelpert E, W. Schmidt C. G. Durkee M. I. Mashkowitz S. H. Minion M. Goldfarb A. Schapiro M. A. Jagendorf A. Klatzkin J. H. Jablow YEAR BOOK IN MENIURIAM ABRAHAM H. BOCHNER July-1914 HADLEY H. CHADWICK August-1914 MORRIS GOLDER February-1914 SAMUEL ZUCKER May-1914 MAX KRINSKY August-1914 EUGENE A. ANTHONY June-1914 GRINDSAND RECORDS YEAR BOOK BENJAMIN ALTSTADT Stuyvesant High School Ever fond of telling fine jokes. remarkable hand for wrestling. The leader of our class for two yearsf' KAUFMAN BACH Russian Classical Gymnasium, Thy silence quite becomes tlzeef I. JUIS A, BARALL Stuyvesant High School proper distance from Klatskirz-why? LUUIS M. BERMAN Boys High School, C. C. N. Y. Ex-officio member of Student Council '14-'15. Managing Editor-The Acorn '14-'15. Associate founder-Menorah Society '14, Our famous Charlie Chaplin in disguise. It's words, words, and words once again. Brooklyn, New York City By dint of Dental practke he has developed a New York City Qu ict and unassuming and ever Ioafh to keep 'within N.Y NINETEEN SIXTEEN MONROE B. BEVIER Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Poughkeepsie High School, Psi Omega. Bevier.- Hank hails from Poughkeepsie and it is no secret. He is an apostle of the faith that books are made to keep unopened. His theory is that the proper study of womankind is woman and longs for the college giving that course. Got a cigarette. LEOPOLD BIRNBERG New York City Neues Gymnasium, Bremen. Even Germany could not dest-roy Birnberg's kind heart. The 'man who lent more instruments and notes than any other in the class. LILLIAN BLANCK Brooklyn, N. Y. Eastern District High School. What's in a name! RALPH FREEMAN BOWMAN Brooklyn, N. Y. Glens Falls High School, Erasmus Hall. Psi Omega. On their own merits modest and wise men are dumb. , YEAR BOOK MORRIS J, BOYER New York City Cooper Union llembex' Student Council Junior Year. Business Manager Senior Year Book. H.-lllfl zvlzen you hear him praised, you can add more to it, for there is truth in it.' Bogc'r's Hobbys: Managing College Publications. MAURICE H. BROFF New York City Newton High School. Alpha Omega. All Brojf needs is some practice?-so he tells us- to become the best Prosthetic man there ever was. Of course, it isn't his fault that he originated in the Hun country. Tlze best thing about Brojf is his smile. One more rlzing, he was one of the 'wise se'ven . CHAS. H. BROWN New York City Psi Omega. Senior Picture Committee. His lofty brow in folds does show wisdom. Let's be business like. ROBERT B. BRUST New York City N. Y. Preparatory School. Psi Omega, Brust, Robert.- Only the brave deserve the fair. Courageous, curly haired and went directly home from college every day. Tlzere's a reason. NINETEEN SIXTEE SAMUEL J. CELNIKER - New York City I think it is well to be a little reserved. Indeed, 'tis a fine virtue. LEO COOPER Bayonne, N. J. Bayonne High School. The most valiant man in the realm. Every morn he sallied forth fearlessly from Bayonne to New York. Leo claims his hair growing remedy will bring hair on canines and Bic-uspids. Wlly practice dentistry? ARTHUR GERALD CROKER New York City Manhattan College Academic Department, Psi Omega Distributing Committee 1916 Year Book. ' Red a bright and shining example in our midst- sparkling with wit and humor and literary thoughts. He thrived on polite and impolite repartee. LEON EVERETTE DICKERSON Lakewood, N. J. Lakewood High School. Psi Omega. Dickson.-Much can be made of u Jerseyite if he be caught young-Dick was. The eternal question? Does this young Lochinivar lzail from Lakewood or Redbank, N. J. We hail our Dick as a good judge of wine and wom- en. He hates one but loves the other. He sings her praises as fluently as the branches of the internal nzaxillary. Dick swears you can get only three broken breaches in a root canal. YEAR BOOK CLARENCE GEORGE DURKEE Mt. Vernon, N. Y, Colgate Academy. Colgate University. Tem orarv Class President, Student Councilg Class P . Advisory Committee, Literary Editor 1916 Year Book. Tlze Editor in chief dares not grind a Grind for the Literary Editor, lest the Literary Editor grind a grewsomc Grind for the Editor in Chief. But we may say what others said: 'X-llzuays a gentleman. EMANUEL EDELMAN New York City Townsend Harris High School. A meek, scared Freshman once was I. But now that years have passed OH MY. Edelman th ruout the three years insisted on sitting next to man with the longest name in the class. RACHEL ELLIS New York City I go my ozen way silently among ye. Persez'erance is success. EDWARD HAROLD ELPHANT New York City College of the City of New York. Townsend Harris Hall. Contributing Editor 1916 Year Book. A strange mzlrture of lrnozuledge, wit, and folly. Red hair sometimes is an advantage, NINETEEN SIXTEEN NIMAN ESAKOV Brooklyn, N. Y. B. H, S. ' In his Senior year!! lzow he did practice a sten- torian frown. Niman excelled in college life-in checkers and hand grips. ELLA S. FELDMAN Brooklyn, N. Y. Praaasent. Tho having a 're1narkable, short nose-it has been the longest discussed in the class. Linafs best friend is Miss Storiclc-one can readily see why. VVho should worry! JOSEPH L. FELSENFELD Brooklyn, N. Y. Newtown High School. The question always resolved itself: Was it his curly locks, or his charming sympathetic voice that attracted the ladies, He was a powerful many both the Editor and P-resil dent know it. HARRY THEODORE FINDER New York City Morris High School. More fortunate than Diogenes. Incidentally we always dwl hear that truth was to be found among the rocks, Elsewise why always with Feldstein. YEAR BOOK SAMUEL J. FISCHER Brooklyn, N. Y. Evening High School. A most serious and determined young man, and ever bore himself like a gentle-man. MAURICE J. FORTGANG New Jersey, N. J. Fortgang has a shafrp eye for some ladies. Beware. The man who will specialize in teeth bleaching. CHAUNCEY BURNELL FRY Brooklyn, N. Y. Francis College. Psi Omega. A comely youth-kind and fair. Secret as an angel. Fry had something to do with the choosing of his own name. MORRIS H. FURMAN New York City A visitor when he's here and a treat to the college. The P. O. loses a good man and he loses a good job l?J. Good luck is blind-she forgets him so often. May she have better sight! 1 NINETEEN SIXTEEN MORRIS M. GARBULSKY New York City Morris High School A Said one of him: Quiet, but. . . We know naught but good of this 'man and the little we know is cherished. MATILDA CHRISTINE GINSBURG Brooklyn, N. Y. E. D, H. S. College Orchestra, Piano Committeeg Dance Com- mittee. Here's to the light that lies in woman's eyes and lies and. . . and . . . Showed a 'very useful smile and eyes to match. Matilda never let her professors miss this either. ,Music hath. its charms, so has Matilda.. MOSES GITTELSON Brooklyn, N. Y. Boys' High School Member of Orchestra 1914-15. ,H One of his best friends said of him: The best thing li about him is his neighbor. That tho on pleasure he was bent, he hath a frugal mind. ABRAHAM GOLDBERG Hartford, Conn. H. P. H. S. Member of Athletic Association. We lzope by the time he reads this, the thing on the upper lip has assumed a possible form. And may Jove in his next commodity of hair send him a beard, The only 'man in the class who kept his humor hid- den until two weeks before he graduated. 9 . YEAR BOOK ABRAHAM BENNETT GOLDBURG New York City Townsend Harris Hall. College of the City of New York. Literary Board, 1016 Year Book. A scholarly mind. Man gets out of life what he puts in it. A. B. has been getting good things. MORRIS GOLDBERG New York City C. C. N. Y. Evening Session. University of Missouri. Goldberg, mild mannered, weak of voice, but a good student throughozlt his course. MARY GOLDFARB New York City Washington Irving and Bayonne High School. Vice-president of Freshman Class, Vice-president of Senior Class. Member of Executive Committee of Senior Class. A real suj'ragette! Holds office, stands on the corner, drapes in yellow and wears a cryszmtlzemum. Silent, serene, and yet a sujfragette! SAMUEL H. GOLDFARB Brooklyn, N. Y. Boys' High School. I am in earnest! I will not retreat a single word und I will be heard. NINETEEN SIXTEEN LOUIS SAUNDERS GOODMAN New York City Townsend Harris Hall. College of City of New York. Pennsylvania State College. School of Mines Columbia University. He shuts his eyes and thinks no one sees. The Alderman. GEORGE GOTTLIEB New York City T. H. H. Alpha Omega. Freshman Dance Committee. President Senior Class. Nobody loves a fat man. Dignity, sir! Dignity, I tell you againl The unsolved problem of the Senior year. How came it that one day Anna and George were forced to sit next to one another. George Finiturn. LEONARD GRAY Irvington, N, J. Central High School. Assistant Business Manager of Acorn 1915. Gray was born and bred -in Cos Cob Connecticut on Kosciosco Street-and all of his own choosing. And despite all this he is an excellent fellow. Stranger! after reading this ask him if it be true, and then note the emphatic assent. CHARLES DANTE GUARINI Brooklyn, N. Y. St. Johns College. Brooklyn College of Pharmacy. Columbia University. As a reminzlscence of by gone days Charles Dante always 'labelled' his jokes with a hearty laugh and waited for results. The only man in the class who has a right to be proud of his name. Y E A R B O O K L. LAURENCE HERMAN Brooklyn, N. Y. The only Titian Blonde in tl1e class. JACOB HARRY JABLOW Brooklyn, N. Y. Boys High School Executive Committee Senior Class. Member Advertising Board, 1016 Year Book. One of the finest student professors we had. Incidentally in our own humble opinion the most indefatigable man in the class. Next to extracting teeth Jabloiu loved to extract difficult ads. His daily diversion-a little tilting contest with the professors. ADOLPH JACOBS Brooklyn, N. Y. Eastern District High School. Diligence is the mother of all virtues. Silent and ever gentlemanly! Men who talk least and do most are the wisest of all. WALTER JAENISCH New York City Psi Omega. Jaenisclfs eternal diet white of eggs. An undiscovered hzunorist, The only 'man of whom We were jealous: he had a more e:r:tensii'e profane vocabulary. He ivatches and waits for his Eastern Star. NINETEEN SIXTEEN , MORITZ A. JAGENDORF New York City Columbia University. Editor in Chief 1916 Year Book. Picture Committee. Executive Council. How can zz poor Editor compose his own Grind. Tlzose that were -made about him related to his mus- tach, his flower and his ties. Three things too sacred for vulgar discussion. HARRY JARMULOWSKY New York City Townsend Harris Hall. City College. Treasurer of Freshman Class. Let us hope his practice will be as promising as is his name. The Adonis of the class, LENA KAHN Brooklyn, N. Y. Eastern District High School. K The smallest woman with the largest amount of courage. From one wlzo knows. ' She never will be afraid of the Devil. JACOB J. KATZ Brooklyn, N. Y. Morris High School. Tenor in quartet in college minstrel show. The 'man with the most contagious smile in the class. Y E A R B O 0 K F1-ZIGA KATZMAN New York City A stranger from the East I am-where we think, and speak slow. Life is thought and aid. JOHN P. KELLY New York City Psi Omega. We can not help but we wonder if John's mother read the famous American poet Longfellow. In his Senior year John suddenly interest in the South. EDWARD KIVOVITS Stuyvesant High School, evinced great New York City In maiden meditation and fancy free. He is one of our rising young men. to 6 foot 2. ARTHUR KLATZKIN De Witt Clinton High School. C. C. N. Y. President Junior Class. Member of Student Council 1915. He has risen New York City Member of Executive Committee 1916. None could laugh as hearty as he. ,,l. NINETEEN SIXTEEN JACOB S. KOPENSKY New York City Townsend Harris Hall. C. C. N. Y. , The member of the famous International four . And he would talk-ye Gods! how he would talk! I shall never beware my own wit 'till I hit my shins A against it. MEYER KREMEN They can be meek who have no other course. A modern Sir Walter Raleigh. And let it be remembered if ever anyone was in need of an instrument Krenzen was sure to have it. ANNA KRESSIN Brooklyn, N. Y. Bryant High School. Laugh and the world laughs with you. Some people are born great, others have great- ness thrust upon the-nz. Anna smashed 'mare hearts than any other girl in ! the class. JOSEPH LAMPERT Brooklyn, N. Y. 2. Alpha Omega. ' Sergeant-at-arms, Junior class. Sergeant-at-arms, Senior class. A soldier of Duty who guarded many turbulent class meetings. He was fair as the first blushing morn. YEAR BOOK MEYER J. LEIKEN New York City New Brighton High School. St. Lawrence University. New York University. The legal light of the class. BERNARD LEVENSON New York City Eastern District Newtown High. Basket Ball Team 1913-1914. Another aspirant for pugilistic honors. LEON REUBEN LEVINSON New York City De Witt Clinton. And so you will find it written in the book of laws . . . None but himself can be his parallel. ELSIE LEVIT New York City Berlin High School for Girls. A German-yet withal fl lady with many chafrms. By this time Miss Levit 'must be talking to HIM all the time. NINETEEN SIXTEEN FANNIE LEVITT . K New York City ' I like to talk of things that interest me. Her mind 'must be clean. She changes it so often. LEONARD LIEBFREUND Hoboken, N. J. Townsend Harris Hall. College of City of New York. Soccer Team. Freshman Dance Committee. Liebfreund's great hamiicap: his place of residence. I woul drather say little than say too much. Where is Wol1?'? GUSSIE LEVANT Brooklyn, N. Y. Washington Irving High School. Member of Student Council 1914-15, Vice-President and Acting President of Junior Class. The lady with the warm smile. The question is where did she get the courage to rule the Junior Class. She isn't Lena! LOUIS LOWENTHAL Brooklyn, N. Y. Boys' High School. Secretary Senior Class. The man who was liked by Dr. Nyce-and for zz. 'very good reason. Neatness is a fine virtue. YEAR BOOK JOHN ALOYSUS MCCAFFREY Brooklyn, N. Y. Boys' High School. St. Johns College. Why was Mc created Irish? Tlze most democratic man in the class. He had a zvarnz place in his heart for every nationality. BENJAMIN MARCUS New York City I had rather be wiser than I look than look wiser than I am. MYRON J. MASHKOWITZ New York City DeWitt Clinton High School. Alpha Omega. Freshman Dance Committee. Senior Class Executive Committee. Circulation manager Senior Year Book, He had a habit of living up to the first part of his name. But by the nine gods! how he did accomplish dif- ficult tasks.! HERMAN MEINWALD New York City Treasurer Senior Class. Men of few words be good men. NINETEEN SIXTEEN FREDERICK F. MENSCHING New York City Mensching.- Freddie, naturally quiet and retiring -about three A. M.-believes in war and starts one every day. I For he's a jolly good fellow. An imitator born and bred. He wants to tackle dentistry, but Charlie Chaplin has a close second in Freddie. Can this be der trut? MAX MESSINGER New York City T. H. H,g C. C. N. Y. Alpha Omega. We shall never! never! never! forgive him for not respecting Our', ties. Max's specialty: writing jokes for the year book while extracting wrong teeth. STEPHEN HAROLD MINION Brooklyn, N. Y. Boys' High School. Psi Omega. Steve admirer of the truth. Takes daily finger movements to perfect his opera- tive tecnique. Steve took all of Rip Van Winkles' honors away during exam. week. The girls simply can't resist me. DAVID IRVING MOSS De Witt Clinton High School. Moss' best friend was Mensching, and as the pro- verb hath it and a more loving pair was never seen Ah, what d'yer mean? ..- YEAR BOOK ARNOLD JEROME NEULINGER A New York City Townsend Harris Hallg College of the City of New York. Sigma Epsilon Delta. Jehoua never rewards those who deserve it. The day this was written this fair youth's prayer for a powerful mustache was still unanswered. Why do they call him Chick -is it the down on the lip. . .? Or. . .! BESSIE NEVELOFF Far Rockaway, L. I. Morris Highg Hunter High. Our great love for Miss Nezfelojf prevents us from writing anything about her-and thus after all we could only say what Miss Neveloff would say about us. The most unforgivable thing about her is her laughter. Gosh, etc., etc., etc. . . ad inyinitum. CHARLES OGUR Brooklyn, N. Y. 0gur's recreation as a Senior was plugging in gold fillings. Did he or did he not hate the girls in the clss?I HARRY AARON PASKOW T Elizabeth, N. J. Battin High School. Art Editor Acorn . Assistant Art Editor 1916 Year Book. Was he serious in his intentions-he made rings by the score. And then-those daily 16 page letters. Even Elizabeth could not destroy Paskow's artistic ability. NINETEEN SIXTEE MAXIM ROBERT PERLMAN ' New York City DeWitt Clinton High School. Sergeant-at-Armsp Dance Committeeg Honorable Mention Faculty Medalg Picture Committee. Four things that made Perlman famons-his eye- glasses , the number of classmates he succeeded in getting to the photographer, his radicalism, and his attempt to force Schenker from his high and unap- prvachable pedestal. ALBERT EDW. REED Brooklyn, N. Y. Manual Training High School. College Track Team during Freshman and Junior years. Reed developed considerable speed eluding the Jersey mosquito before coming to C. D. O. S. His specialty has been to show his heels to his opponents on the cinder path and keeping up with Dr. Ford in cross questions. MAURICE REFF New York City College of City of New York. Ref and the Editor took their dissections in tlze Senior year, and neither of them expressed great joy over it. Rel? may be heard further than seen. Oh, for that 'voice on a foggy night. MARGARET ELIZABETH REISS Brooklyn, N. Y. Girls' High School. Alpha Psi Delta Sorority. A product of a school for girls only, but now votes for co-ed institutions. Meek, 'mild-rnannered Margaret. Love is blind, but her class-mates can see. Forgot to dot an i in Materia Medica and thoro- fore got 99 per cent only. YEAR BOOK ALEXANDER ROSENZWEIG New York City Universities of Vienna and Budapest. Professor Ford ever looked to him, for corroboration. Ask TfVeinstein, he knows. The only man who could teach Rosy anything. JOHN W. SCHELPERT, JR. Brooklyn, N. Y. Callicoon High Schoolg Commercial High School. Psi Omegag Freshman Presidentg Senior Executive Committeeg Business Board 1916 Year Book. Jack handles guttapercha by the hair. His moon-light exploits covered two countries: East New York and Canada. He stood in both places at one and the same time. It was the powers above that created his feet. HARRY SCHLISSEL New York City C. C. N. Y. We know little about Harry S., but that little will pass the National Board of Censorship. Sclzissel's lock-step was one of the wonders of the class. ETTIE GRAUBART I believe in 'Radical Dentistryf And we know why she does, too. I just cfm't make my eyes behave. NINETEEN SIXTEEN , JOSEPH SCHOEN Brooklyn, N. Y. Stuyvesant High School. ' Freshman Basket Ball Team. A pipe, tobacco and girls, girls, girls. What -more to make a. paradise. The darling of the Godesses. BESSIE LOUISE SHANDELL New York City Russian Gymnasium. The lady of the charming smile. ADA SHAPIRO Brooklyn, N. Y. Wadleigh High School. Executive Committee Senior Class. One prescription she could never decipher: The Year Book Editor. Another-her original day of birth. Hence trifling mirth, I am of a serious mind. BENJAMIN SHAPIRO New York City De Witt Clinton High School. What importentious manners may conceal 'we allow the distant future to record. YEAR BOOK EDWIN JOSEPH SHEAHAN New York City High School Tillsonburg, Ont. Dignity is becoming to a genlleman. MAX SPIELBERGER New York City DeWitt Clinton High School. Spielberger never spoke to a girl during his three years of college!!! I am a merry 'man and smile io please the world. WILLIAM HENRY STEURER Tarrytown, N. Y. Washington Irving High School. Psi Omega. Cupid has nothing on our flaaren curly haired Billy. Heart crushing and basket ball are his occupations. Dentistry his pastime. Still waters run deep. Billy swears by the Hudson River. FLORENCE STORICK Paterson, N. J. Paterson High School. Feldman and Storick the Siamese twins. Guess why! Silks and saiins hail from Paterson, so does Flor- ence. NINETEEN SIXTEEN FLORENCE WARFIELD New York City Russian Government High School. Member Junior Prom. Committee. ' And still the wonder grew that one small head could hold all she knew. Courageous, conscuzus, cheerful-last but not least - settled. - ARTHUR C. WEBB Brooklyn, N. Y. Fordham Prep. One of the Triumvirate. The eternal question: where are Mul. and Kelly? A rolling stone gathers no moss-ask the subway guard. Turk's 'motto-Few things surpass old wine and they may preach Who please-the more because they preach in vain- Let us have wine and song and mirth and laughter, Sermons and soda water the day after. JACOB M. WEYLER New York City Slow but certain. NATHAN WIEN New York City T. H. H. Oh! I am so nervous today. A pretty boy. ,1 YEAR BOOK CHARLES H. WILEN New York City A lion is a dreadful thing among the ladies. GEORGE W. WILLIAMS Connecticut Psi Omega. On Thursday William practiced Dentistry ami in be- tween hours he was ever in the front part of the cor- ridor! DAVID WOLFF New York City Was the voice fit to the name or the name to the voice. But then what is in a name? Liebfreund is his best friend. EDGAR W. SCHMITT Brooklyn, N. Y. Polytechnic Preparatory Schoolp Polytechnic Institute. Psi Omegag Head Usher Commencementg Art Editor 191.6 Year Bookg Senior Executive Committee. Basso profundo Extraordinaire. One of the high brows. Knows the origin and insertion of the Masseter muscle now! 820.000 per year is his goal. He deserves it-for his cartoons. In tender age Sch1nitty's ambition was to drau' pic- tnresg as a fair youth-it is dranfing teeth. NINETEEN SIXTEEN MORRIS LEVIN Brooklyn, N. Y. Townsend Harris Hall. Quiet, smiling, unassuming, gentle, kind, with great devotion to blue eyes and blond hair, particu- larly if it graces a southern accent. JOSEPH LITWIN New York City I walk my own way in my ozvn manner and do my work. ALEX. MONASH New York City Townsend Harris Hall. The Ortlzodontia Department of the C. D. O. S. JOSEPH F. MULCAHY Albany, N. Y. Psi Omega. He is blessed with the fatal gift of beauty. YEAR BOOK MARTHA DE LAN KINNEY New York City Fogg High School. Unversity Tennessee Dental College. Alpha Psi Sorority. Auburn hair and Southern voice. The lady from under the southern skies. ISAAC LEFRAK New York City The questzkm is why dill some friend of Lefralc suggest to us that we tell him to hire a hall. By all the saints 'twould be well said indeed to call this man grim determination. .. HYMAN LEIGHT New York City Townsend Harris Hall. Junior Dance Committee. By reason of his name, his serious and intelligent duty was to disseminate knowledge in our class. NATHAN HYMAN Brooklyn, N. Y. Bushwick High School. Alpha Omega, Basket Ball Team, Winner Spectator Silver Loving Cup, Treasurer Junior Class, Member Piano Committee. Blond hair has one disadvantage : it does not show ivell on the upper lip, A' dangerous rnan with the fair ser. NINETEEN SIXTEEN HENRY NATHANEAL ROSENFELD . Hartford, Conn. Hartford Public High Schoolg Harvard. A big brother to spic , but he has a fair fHar- vardj smile that is worth its consistency in gold-. A gentleman! SIMON A. SHENKER New York City DeWitt Clinton. F lt Bronze Medalg Faculty Silver Medal. acu y Shenker has the faculties number and two of their medals. He has brains and he knows it, so will anyone who is willing to l1Lsten . ROLAND EDWARDS STRONG Sayville, L. I. Sayville High School. A remarkable indicative name. The sounds Roll , Strong from Sayville. QWu.tch the newspapers for more.J , EDMUND HOLMES TAYLOR New Rochelle, N. Y. Stuyvesant High School. College Mile Relayg Captain Senior year. Ed. the Paderewski of the class. The speed demon on the cinder path. - YEAR BOOK CHARLES W. FRIEMAN, JR. Bayport, L. I. Bayport High School. The last addition to the famous International Quartet Charlie represented the American element. My friend Charlie Frieman from Bay Port, L. I. One of the seven wise men. 555555 KIND READER. ' The pictures you have seen up to this page showed you the outward appearance-now we will show you the inner man. Furthermore, this is to be an additional record for our college when our photographs are faded or we resemble them no longer-for men's faces change with the days, but their foibles and idiosyncrasies and habits become more pro- nounced as time passes its way. '03 T :HI -s 336 4-41,460 rt ' 6, -. L.. , 1 24-5 -' 4. ,Ev Ed -nu S l 4 Tvlv grae Mer, P M 4 on 57 1- n 1 1213,-'lf-1, ma A. Tyg 0 NINETEEN SIXTEEN K ' 5 N 4 T 59 Naffva fp si r: fo'-, -1. va 025: Q, : Q sg: N mn' 4 Q 5 'A xl- 5 '1- .9 who llspve you 50 1, an 4,7 ix rye r sb, Tip-1555, 103, 705 53, 53' 855, I-Il Neveloff, Miss, 703075 Pearlman, 19531 Mulcahy, 775171 R L Moss, 441680 X Z-, Reed, 282486 2 Jacobs, 588754 E, Neulinger, 402557 ' Kressin, Miss, 445559 7- WL 5 K 9115 4'0'-,551 Rosenzweig, 291131 Bmff, 342376 1 Monasch, 273962 :? g gg' , Lam ,me Irseikin, 381378 3 . W5 ffm A Leighr, 381378 yabwjm, L 2 A cW,,,', 1 I Lefrak, 381378 .f...,2 ,, '7-3,153-3'j,j,.,:,,1, 1 . Hffgg Levit, Miss E., 471064 ff': vf,','ggf,,f1fg,2g,::3' 11455 Levitt, A., 471064 4-45,554 Lq , 34 54.1, 3-11, lLevit, Miss F., 471064 Rosenfeld, 484272 Guarini, 893290 ' g ff , ' l XXX Lowenthal, 655214 j , foio D 1 5 6 f Qiff, j L1 Pdnfiif 427 ff W '- -'1 511- Ae,,,f ,me 'e. 'frvm H-.hv4A,'Danf-31C 'f 1 AA ' 4'l',0'-4' 4if+,vn- 543,115 104 YEA R BOOK . 2 i G5 503 -:Ei Q 13.53 -'3 9-'Elk' H ..:-5 1- o- -6-:sms Q :',g. S J L In. ... N o n 'Q '2v'r-592, -' wsifsn Q4Q 5m 2 Osfffsu 1 - BGL i :UI-Q p il ' 4. iii 5 'E' .tio 'fon- , N L x- 5 if E Ky .W-43 Wu '39 5 ' 0- ' ,ig 02 RJ 2 fm ...Q QL 5 'wi-N ff ' ' 'Y rl ' ' . u --H J I- '- V sr Nil X ' 'R . I rf . 1 3,: 12 '- -1- 2 33-E fi' gf 1 's '3. v19.n r- ,, Z' .6 'TQ 1 5 'EW 'A ES' - - S 5 ia.. xii ff, fs J xo EE 3, 23 '79 :Q u 5' -,f ,' eg, ,cn eg N. Q, -. - vulul - Q 2-5 ' 5-'JN K' 3 I ,,, aw garb, 2 ' '4- 4 Q .1 gf ' '13, S -J 0 0,'-31' -., ELG vw 9 A EZ? ' E . ,E 1 7-1 Q' N 5 xr: 2 N g fr LN O I-1 P , 2v 'Nf, gmivaof gazing, fg.2gg.5c-mb 3 -lo'-Kiwi,-2 ZCQ.E'f-'UQ QD ::a,DN:-'J N - , WW on -wQ 'm,5 .553-aw? -Q' -M Q5 .,:-f..,os-w-L- -5 ' - . I-1:,'l:c:.ww3WW-E',g3 ' 0v,,o-Q-:.':.a cn-1 3 0 U,- oH'U.E1-'Cass-. 3. 2.52-E'a'szwf4.:22s Q mmf::2n::Jc.':23mmmQ H NINETEEN SIXTEEN 1-u.. V .ms S ,E 3 -f 3 3555 Ejg, Q, K Af-' O u as rx fm 32 an A -'E m 1 ! 4- , V ov -W' -y V V E 'f 'L S V 'F' - Q 7-'g ,ON 0 5 0 YU AP r -F 1. 10 1' 2 Q tv 4,2 5 A ' 2 ,.c 7 if? 3 6 3 z 0 'W C A-no -A 1 fqw W r ,Q if 374 ,D '- nr gm pf fu' Z 3 1' 9 'fs 6' v K9 -1- P P .gff P3 2: 'Riff 2 Q Y 121' me 2' 1 5U 2 w 1 E Q 2312 1- -s o A 0 Z . . U.. ' 58 Q 0 0 Q W 0 0 M don! wan? n fu f o I 1. TC clam 6' rh! CG . 'fi 44.44 he .9 Tw! 2 55571 44 652 v-4 LQ O C0 Q v-4 CD Ile , com rel be ql ktfe swwxfi 287 9 YF p.-4covr m , ,-novo oowgvwff' mx-.om ,nn .-:om ,Cao 'Ur-.I-on Webb, cke Croke Krem Kelly s: Q3 gn... v1Q er, 643 sur, Fisch YEAR BOOK Z' x: , A- X12 L A., ' 3 as i -gd fn Jef c- .H-.,. 29 -fa.:-1 an E: ., Q- 1 S 9' 331.31 Q WP- P Q Q - ,542-g ,Q n x - N 'W -. - 1- 4 X, Ln - qw xsg - X Mx oo 32 v '- A X - 'Hg'- , 33' 'efx 'Sv 2 gf p - BJ m s. fa H fn 13 H , Q' s- nti . E1 I zu, 'Z I . f- YJ M uf SGW 2 - Q.. , 7' ' 0' 3-.E 'A M , J , w 1:53 rn f' ' E 'Liv A X, 1 fx? .Q ,.3. ' K suv' Y ... .. I s 1 '- n-. . U E :EFEVE E 3' g' 'S-' o ':'El V3 --Env! .5 'P 1: X, 1' ..-.-tcm,-,Y kz H Q q- 4.-I-2 pf , 9 J b 1 gn 1-.Kgxi bf e Q4-x -,n O U13 W Z :Q 'S K' J' 2 -'x ,gs ., 3 , L ,. Wag XN A wig 5. W 3?-QEX f V 'Vvi A 0 -' F'-R ' 'S H 9-5 L 9-I 3 P X A96 555 .wr ' if v. X if 7- - -in 'L r-' a . ff' if NA 7 f 2? 2 2- ' ' 1: -5.7 - ' ,Z Huo- .i. ca P1 S 4 LQ YF QN S :Qi-E 0' N m . -'lf' T 3522 LQEN Sgggw-pat, ,Q CNIYFQECB O L, Pmvw Nm YFDONCO --4 - v -www ,QENQC-'Jmpjr.-.3122 'NN .mf-'moo,.,1no1 .ln 'N wig.. nom -1 ,U . M00 'agua 'PU' 'Fwd 'C 'CP v-1 uivgi , z-.'x':o50 - ,jgwoa 32:-Quai'-1 m4-gg ,.,-C.-.g,,,7...wq,n.5E::gQ,aa www.-wmci---f-Q.: ,: paw:-5ggg:Qa:,.2q,-H U.. Q . cizzmmaa-sumqmfmmag NINETEEN SIXTEEN 'z M rg r I jj m ., 5 7 -J -1:-9 W cs ' 'I Q C up -25.5 :.- -s .-ig-11 . 7,.,.,:u r R13 2 W. . 4.0 m 'lu 5 , V 3 9 m 325 ag. o +2 iv A g L5 E . 1 VI 0 if -vn P xl 3 Y .-T? Egiffii -5.. I flag ci 53 'E v- A Q' BP 2 wi K' o 9 M WV' 2,.. in 4k QQ: '33s Sheahan, 353349 el Sch gy 562022 Katz, Miss, 4168553 sberg, Gin L gigs vu.. ' ,Eff3E95wn fin?-Q - S'E'vHQ,,g 5-evil g-gX5,QR,, U7 hug- if u x ... H-Enfffs ES px 5' d 23 1' ' -I- Q 'A - Xu S 511-5 1- 35 an N 5 v-vii if .05 1 I Eu 63 tn V: 'gi 5.54, egg - Q rf Ki :g 3 1 x9 G 0 - W fa' 3 gif S3 x QQ 3 u.- fry 2 E 358 V' 2 Q 4 WS W 4-1 V .1 E L: ' 1-I 3 va V7 S' 3 nf 1 cf 'U its if 2 vs- P +' 3 fog! 9 .E -5 Y r Es. of ia '52 Sf A-. E as 516 uf. ' Q Ln f- ,, Q 1' n 5 Q r , fl Q 7 - Q 'S 4- 1 9 ,Q Q 0' J Nh m r- I . ' 4 Ai .J E ' ff O 5: 2.75 Exams on in :qv-4 Nd' ON 25 SS ggd 5 5-'DE HSESLQE EN i,jmL2'3gEg3gu,g,.4:mg 3 v-1 m -Numa?-9' 25 L-N xsw-cfm? -mm? :sm Homin.. ---E 'U EEE-.-'vzvidi .EgmEb5 :-:-f-.F5EnmC'zfc1Jg.g -wi-ip. SEQP L. +2 .. -Q , -44: Q ,wmrsrsome-s..m,,1,Dw-.og '1DI1mx7 :S'2',Q...-Q-55323 UBL-Q52-2253 Agdgm 109 NINETEEN SIXTEEN AS A GRADUATE. I'm the leading Doc of Podunk town: I'm the only one for miles around: I've had twins and triplet and singles four: In the league, I'm the one who tied the score. That I'm married 'now I think you know: My wife's the daughter of old rich Snow. . The doctors said he was very sick, But for twelve years I've waited and still he sticks. N ow, I've just skipped away from my kids and wife: It's the once in the year I see real life. There'll be shows and suppers with plenty of wine 5 For I'm off to New York with its baby dolls, To enjoy their company along with my pals, To refresh old memories of our senior class, To discuss the exams we barely passed. Our Profs. shall surely be part of our talk, How we took what they said with a grain of salt. When they yelled: If not, I'll pluck you, so take your choice, Or, I know everyone of you by your voice. And Gentlemen, you know even a worm will turn, So now you've thirty pages alone to learn 5 Or, We take it up later at our lecture on soap : That's why my first child bears the name of Hope. L'ENVOI. And then we'll think for a moment-and smile, And each and everyone'll say: It was well worth while. R. F. BOWMAN. 1917 President ...... ......... ..... A . V. Haber Vice-President ..... .... M iss Spinner Secretary ........ .... W . Wasserman 'Treasurer ..............................,... M. Gottlieb Sergeant-at-Arms .............................. N. Stark Faculty Bronze Medal: S. B. Shields. Honorable Men- tion: Frank Entwhistle and Jessie E. Powelson. Anatomy Medal: Julius Muscott. Honorable Mention: Frank Entwhistle and Harry D. Solomon. W. G. '17. 110 YEAR ROLL CALL. Alliegro, Michael A. Alstadt, Benjamin Anderson, Arthur H. Anthony, Eugene A. Bach, Kaufman 'Bakerman, Abraham Barabash, Rachael Barall, Louis A. Berman, Bessie Berman, Louis Bevier, Monroe B. Birnberg, Leopold Blanck, Lillian IBochner, Abraham H, Bowman, Ralph F. Boyer, Morris J. Brave, Louis Brounstein, Rebecca R. 'i'Broi'f, Maurice H. Browman, Sarah Brown, Charles H. Brust, Robert B. ?Campbell, Alger L., D.D.S. Celniker, Samuel J. Chalupski, Alexandra 1CharoH', Dora Clark, Henry D. Cohen, Harry iCooper, Leo 'Coyne, David Croker, Arthur G. 'Debover, Harry Dickerson, Leon E. Dornfest, Harold Durkee, Clarence G. Edelman, Emanuel Ellis, Rachael Elphant, Edward H. Esakov, Niman Lwings, Norman M. Feldman, Ella S. Feldstein, Bernard, M,D. Felsenfeld, Joseph L. Finkenthal, Benjamin Finder, Harry T. Fingerhood, Nadezhda Fischer, Samuel J. Fortgang, Maurice J. TFrieman, Charles W. Fry, Chauncey B. Furman, Morris H. Garbulsky, Morris BOOK Garvin, Clinton A. Ginsburg, Matilda Gittelson, Moses Goldberg, Abraham Goldburg, Abraham B Goldberg, Morris Goldfarb, Mary Goldfarb, Samuel H. 'FGoldsand, William V. IGolder, Morris 'Goldstein, Pauline Goodman, Louis S. Gottlieb, George Graubart, Esther TGray, Leonard Guarini, Charles D. gHarber, Leo Herman, Louis Herman, Louis L. Hershkowitz, Max Hyman, Nathan H. Jablow, Jacob H, 'l'Jacobs, Adolph Jaenisch, Walter '2'Jagendorf, Moritz A. Jarmulowsky, Harry 'l'Johnson, George D. Uust, Joseph B. Kahn, Lena Katz, Jacob 'l'Katzmann, Feiga F., D.D.S Kelly, John J. 1'Kinney, De Lan, D.D.S. 'l-Kivovits, Edward Klatzkin, Arthur Kopensky, Jacob f'Kramer, Harry Kremen, Meyer Kressin, Anna IKrinsky, Max L. Lampert, Joseph ,fLangan, Thaddeus Lefrak, Isaac Leight, Hyman Leikin, Meyer G. Lerner, Harry 'FLeslie, William A. Levenson, Bernard Levin, Morris 5'Levin, Morris Levinson, Leon R. Levit, Elsie Levitt, Abraham NINETEEN SIXTEEN Levitt, Fannie Lieberman, A. B, Liebfreund, Leonard ?Lifschitz, Celia Littwin, Joseph Livant, Gussie 'Lock, Irving iLopez, Frederick R. Lowenthal, Louis McCaffrey, John A. Maisel, Bella R. Marcus, Benjamin Mashkowitz, Myron I. Meinwald, Herman Men sching, Frederick F. Messinger, Max Minion, Stephen H.. Monash, Alexander iMoskowitz, Herman Moss, David I. Mulcahy, Joseph F. Neulinger, Arnold J. Nevelolf, Bessie 9'Oakes, Welter J. t Ortego, Gerald L. :iPasch, Frederick T. Paskow, Harry A. Perlman, Maxim R. Rabinowitz, Celia Rappaport, Louis H. Reed, Albert E, Reff, Maurice Reiss, Margaret E. Ribatsky, Ephraim Rifkin, Minerva Roller, Morris Rosenberg, Samuel Rosenfeld, Henry N. Rosenson, Mitchell Rosenthal, Morris Rosenzweig, Alexander 'Left. TCame in after Freshmen Year. iDeceased. f5Rothe, Joseph f'Rubin, Elizabeth S. Schelpert, John W., Jr Schlissel, Harry Schmitt, Edgar W. Schoen, Joseph Schoenberg, Jacques Schoenberg, Mollie '?Schur, Arthur ?Schwartz, Mathew iSeebal, Joseph Shandel, Bessie L. 2'Shande1, Rose Shapiro, Ada Shapiro, Benjamin Sharaga, Leontine Sheahan, Edwin J. 'Sheinberg, Adele Shenker, Simon A. t'Silverman, Isaac fSinkoff, Sophie Spielberger, Max 1'Spitzer, Alex. F. Standard, Stanley G. Steinhart, Pauline Sternberg, Louis Steurer, William H. Storick, Florence Strong, Roland E. :'Strickland, Chauncey Taylor, Edmund H. Warfield, Florence Webb, Arthur C. Weyler, Jacob Wien, Nathan Wilen, Charles H. i'Williams, Eugene C. Williams, William G. Wolf, David SZimmerman, Morris iZucker, Samuel YEAR BOOK H AQQVCYLS W l7a S 1 W vs ' Q? 'Q Tr mm TCJAYICIKB yf fard. . yn Cf, ,,.,yay,,- 5.41 9,,3,,,,n is M .1 V 7' '1 :EWS Jr F-,ce WFUNUSM 113 NINETEEN SIXTEEN glllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlillllllIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllg E MAY OUR ADVERTISERS RECEIVE IN KIND THE GENEROUS E E COURTESY THEY HAVE SHOWN Us. EACH ONE REPRESENTS THE E E BEST THAT CAN BE PRODUCED. 2 illIIllllIIIHHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!IIIlIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE 114 YEAR BOOK 1 X TRUBYTE TEETH are the only artificial teeth with which a dentist can reproduce natural dentures and thereby sell professional prosthetic service at professional fees. Reproduction of a natural denture with Trubyte Teeth. Prompt and Efficient Depot Service No other retail dental depot offers better service to practicing dentists. Our stocks are large, carefully selected and Well ar- ranged. Extensive telephone facilities are provided and we main- tain a large and efficient delivery system. Whatever your requirements may be we can serve you. Courteously-Efiiiciently-Promptly. The Dentists' Supply -Company fCandler Building, Times Squarej 220 W. 42nd St., New York. NINETEEN SIXTEEN Phillips' Milk of Nlagncsia The Perfect Antucidu FOR LOCAL OR SYSTEMIC USE CARIES EROSION SENSITIVENESS GINGIVITIS STOMATITIS PYORRHOEA Are successfully treated with it EXCELLENT AS A NEUTRALIZER OF ORAL ACIDITY PI-IILLIPS' Phospho-Muriate of Quinine COMP. Non-Alcoholic Tonic and Reconstructive With marked beneficial action upon the nervous system. To be relied upon where a deficiency of the phosphates is evident THE CHAS. H. PHILLIPS CHEMICAL CO. NEW YORK and LONDON CLAUDIUS ASH SONS, L'TD. I 81 3 Union Square, New York. Invite attention to their new NON METALLIC TUBE TEETH-recently described in the Dental Cosmos by Dr. Girdwood-DOWEL CROWNS With the Nies Bar and Pins, the greatest improvement in Vulcanite Dentures in forty years-Repair Facings by which fractured teeth on Crowns and Bridges are quickly and efficiently replaced-Mineral Tips for Restoration Work. To those who want the best only in Vulcanite, a demonstration of our Dental Rubbers is always at their service. Hand-made Ash Forceps-Impres- sion Trays-Syringes and Instruments of the highest quality and finish are also worthy of inspection-A visit by you to our depot is always appreciated. medical Books Bought and Sold HIGHEST PRICES PAID We Carry the Finest Selection of Medical Books in the City Che Plaza Book Shop Columbus 8696 353 W. 59th St., New York, N. Y. YEAR BOOK EVERY practice has an individuality which can and should be reflected in the ap- pointments of the office. S. S. White oflice equipments afford the means. Adaptable to every need, they give the office an air of distinction, suggest superior service, inspire confidence. We invite correspondence and welcome the opportunity to consult with you concerning your individual requirements. Our Equipment booklet in colors illustrates and describes the complete line of S. S.Wlute Equipment Combinations-the new idea in dental equipment. We will gladly mail a copy to you upon request. XX The s. s. NWI-IITE 'L ii X DENTAL MFG. Tl LL-.. , ' Philadelpllia, Inspires Confidence NINETEEN SIXTEEN One Way To Economize 1lSave space by using one of these cabinets. 1lBoth about 12 inches deep, which is especially desirable for a narrow oflice, but deep enough for any office. 11N otice the shallow medicine closet on the No. 97-just deep enough so no bottle can be placed in front of any other. 1lOne feature of the No. 94 is the White glass trays that hold all in- struments. 1lSee the Verde Antique marble base on both models. TfMany more interesting features fully explained in our catalog, which will be sent on request. 1TBear in mind that our goods can be combined on a contract cover- ing full equipment, and sold you on easy monthly payments. The American Cabinet Company RAHWAY N J Two RIVERS. Wls. X 1 YEAR BOOK Revelation -According to the dictionary means-the dis- closing, discovering or making known to others what was before secret, private or unknown. fr - it 1891-I9l6 Twenty-Hve years ago the first successful machine-made burs were introduced. They were so incomparably superior in every respect to other burs on the market feither hand-made or machine-cutj that the dentists named them Revelation. From that time, down thru the years Revelation Burs have been the standard of Bur excellence-the greatest of all engine excavators. Like all products with an enviable reputation Revelation ', Burs have many imitators. For your protection, we suggest inforclering that you link the name of the maker with the name of the Burs and always, specify s. swvij-item IA V . ' fs ZF,,f',-' iisfw- r-ff. iifiilgifiirffj y'-, . gifigyieaweewae eefS A Revelation Burs are on sale in the leading dental depots in the United States at 510.00 a gross for the popular sizes and shapes assorted. The convenient revolving Bur Case here Trial package of Revelation Burs will illustrated, with the first gross order, be forwarded free upon request to The without additional charge. S. S.VVhite Dental Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. I NINETEEN SIXTEEN WE ARE THE LARGEST AGENTS FOR The W01'lcl's Leading Ma.1zztfactu.rers of Dental Equipment, FZL7 lL'tf'ZL1'6 and Mtcterials Your Dental Outfit should be purchased from a recognized dental manufacturer Consolidated Dental Mfg. Co. 45 West 34th Street F. J. Starr, Manager FACTORY: 130 Washington Place, New York City BRANCHES: Detroit, Chicago, London, Cleveland, Boston, New York GS' SE RVICE FAWCETT 8: FAWCETT Dealers in 412 FULTON ST., Reliable BROOKLYN, N. Y. Dentists' Tl h ' Supplies e ep one and Main 6080-6081-6082 1742 PITKIN AVENUE, BROOKLYN CONSULT GEORGE COYNE E. N. Y' 733 Equipment YEAR BOOK The Language Printery 344-348 W. 38TH STREET NEW YORK, N. Y. Printers of this Year Book Catalog, Book and Commercial Printing the way from or to College, leave your coats in th Empire Hand Laundry 246 East 35th Street QRigl1t near Second Avenuej Your coats last longer by being well laundered 6 EAT Eat arozmd the corner from College fSecond Avenue and 35th Streetb American Restaurant and Lunch Room M. H. FISHMAN, Proprietor NINETEEN SIXTEEN f ' N The Accuracy cf Dental Instruments Skill of the head as Well as of the hand is required for making the accurate instruments required for dental operative procedure and the maker must possess devices of the greatest accuracy for testing them. The steel for every Clev-Dent instrument is chosen by our metallographer to suit the exact purpose for which the instrument is intended. It goes through many skilled hands in its shaping, bending, hardening, tempering, nickel-plating, sharpening and all the varied processes which make it a thing of beauty and efficiency, worthy to supplement the operative skill of its user and to bear the Clev-Dent trade-mark. The Clev-Dent trade-mark says to the world: We made this. We are proud of making it. We guarantee that it Will give satis- factory service in the use for which it is intended. Our New York House at 18-20 East 41st Streets adds its serv- ice t oours in supplying the demand for dental instruments of de- pendableness and accuracy. The Cleveland Manufactuing Co. Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A. NEW YORK CITY ALBANY YEAR BOOK Cfmzpliments of PAUL B. HOEBER 69 East 59th Street Book dealer 1 s fig? 4Sw ff Cox Sons 81 Vining 72 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK Caps and Gowns, Faculty Gowns and Hoods Outfits for Sale or Rental , 'Z The Only Makers in New York City 1 X Jill IlllillilllllIl'IllllllIlllllllll1'Il11l'lIlllIH1lUl'llllHIiiilffIiI11lITU'I11lll1llmUlIIllITilill!lflllllIllllIll1'Q I Acme Dental Lahoratmy fIncorp.J PHOENIX BLDG. 16 COURT ST. BROOKLYN, N. Y. - e0lliy 'Hi5iL?.filI 'D 5 Dibclionaries ' E allheljanama- N ' E i 2 Pacific Exposiiion 2 E was franfezlfo 'ii Q ' WEBSTER'S new IHIERNATIONAL 5 For Supenonty of Educational Merit. 5 Z This new creation answers with final BU' 2 E thority all kinds of uzzling questions such E 'Q 4 Nni iif xe . , ' Nbr' V Our Name HQKEOM Aim - Our Fame 4 J f. 5 N -' 5 - - c Let us help you build your prac- tice by perfect natural looking prosthetic work. X J ns How is Przemysi7pronounced'I W'here is Fhndz-rs? What is a can1inu.au.s voyage? ' What is a hmrilzzrin Whatiswhitecoal? E and thousands of others. Mare than 400.000 Vocahnlary Temis. 30.000 E Gevgraphieal Subjects. 12.000 Biolravhieal 2 Entries. Over 6000 Illustrations. 2700 Pages. S Theanly dictionary with the stroke of genius. gg 3 'Z-gL'1.' Jai 935 91 5 gl EV Ee! Izgify 'gf f divided page-a E RMULAR Ind E mum -PAPER g EDITIONS. - wi-in for sped- 5 men QSZBS Ll- E lustratmns. etc. E Free, a set. of 5 Pocket Maps 5 you name this paper. E 6.86. E MERRIAM 00-. E Sp:-ingHe.ld, Hun. E illil.lllNW.llHTll'Il'llJ1I!!lIIDUIlllllllillllllIll UlmmmIlmllHHlHImHlmmlma YNINETEEN SIXTEEN W. if Q.. r . . r l . -wig, Gs.. -s 'vi Jiii 1: - 'fiplkiiitf F72 1 3 1-rrssgrs Ll CY We believe that the policy which will best protect the interests of the owners of Columbia Equipment is the policy that will best maintain the reputation of this company and its product. Columbia Product has served the dental profes- sion for thirty odd years in practically every part of the world with the result that the name COLUMBIA on dental equipment is generally accepted as being a guarantee of sterling quality, satisfaction and con- tinued good service. Ideal Columbia Chairs, Columbia Electric En- gines, Lathes, Air Compressors and Distributing Panels are as modern in design and construction and as practical in operation as more than a quarter of a century of experience, mechanical skill and a model factory can make them. They are moderate in price x and arrangements can be made for their purchase on the extended or time payment plan. Catalogs describing Columbia Product in an interesting and a thorough manner can be obtained of your dental supply depot or the same will be sent direct upon reciept of request and your dealer's name. THE RITTER DENTAL MFG. CO. ROCHESTER. N. Y., U. S. A. CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA New xoiuc YEAR BOOK f N SUCCESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS OF 1916 S. H. KATZ WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR PAST FAVORS AND HOPE TO SOLICIT YOUR FUTURE PATRONAGE. IT IS FOR YOUR BENEFIT AS WELL AS FOR OURS TO CONTINUE DOING BUSINESS WITH US. Let us teach your dollars have more cents. We give you 1091, on everything you buy from us. We carry everything a dentist needs. We send orders to all parts of the country-free delivery. At your service. NATIONAL DENTAL SUPPLY CO. 303 E. 34th Street, N. Y. Branch Oilicez 147 E. 23rd St., New York. Phone, Murray Hill 3423 SCHARMANN BURSU Twenty-six years on the American market proves a good reputation. No bur manufacturer has as yet f lx if xl . succeeded in producing burs, espe- A V' A ' I 1 1 I . ' cially our Enamel-Fissure-Burs, equal . 1 s - 1 1 F1 g -I 4 , - f '. J A to our Scharmann Bur . L . . Many years experience, best steel, Ji' ii' Q I M and a secret process for tempering p 1 i Q our burs, make them desirable. .P Ae. K R - Do not accept so-called cheap of- itd f EN fers -Scharmann Bur outlasts sev- 55. if V eral cheap burs and is more econom- E 5.3 ical in the long run 1 ffnifi' 395 2 ' v i: 6 And We Can Prove It. 'mime Z F ,QQ MARK, Prices are right. Write for our A good bur is always imitated. bupbooklet- Look for our trade-mark. Accept Sole Importer no other burs. GUSTAV SCHARMANN 1181-83 Broadway New York City NINETEEN SIXTEEN The Modern Dental Qffiee ll You will soon be in the market for your Dental Ofiice Equip- ment which is a very important matter to you. Tl Make no mistake in your selection. 'H If you purchase your outfit from us you are not only sure of getting the right kind of equipment, but our Service is behind each and every sale. 'IlSuggestions, advice and assistance in the equipment and arrangements of dental ofiices. H Proper attention to all matters regarding adjustment. ll Prompt fulfillment of orders. U A blue print of your rooms on application. 'll We have helped hundreds of Dentists in our many years of experience, to modernize their oiiices, and placed them upon a plane of eiiiciency which has already returned many times the investment in the form of increased earnings. H Do not neglect the opportunity of allowing us to furnish you with prices and terms at your earliest convenience. . lee S. Smilh 618011 Nlanulazluring Cu. 10-12 East 23rd Street New York City. X I YEAR BOOK , x An. I7Zil67'7lLll'f07lCll Jury PANAMA PACIFIC EXPOSITION AWARDS The Gold Medal To H a rv a rd Chairs and Cabinets The U. S, Army Purchasing Board, The U. S. Navy Purchasing Board, The U. S. Interior Department Purchasing Board, The British Army Purchasing Board. charged with the responsibility of buying most substantial and best, order Peerless Hcw'Uar1'cl Chairs And more are required repeat the orders. The largest Surgical Table Manu facturers adopt the PEERLESS HARVARD Base for the base of the highest class Surgical Tables known to the World. because this is the most important part of both Dental Chairs and Surgical Tables and is found at the highest development in the Peerless Harvard Dental Chair THE BEST DENTAL OFFICES Are adopting Gold Mrdfil Peerless Harvard Chairs and Cabinets because measured by every standard they have triumphed over the concerted knocking of all competing interests. Harvard Ervposition Products Embody so many points of vantage that a complete catalog of Harvard Art Furniture is necessary to an adequate description. Furnished on application. The Harvard Company, Canton, Ohio. BRANCHES: Room 1100 Marshall Field Annex, Chicago. Room 1403 Widener Bldg., Phila- delphia, Pa. The J. J. Crimininfrs Co., 12245 Boylston St.. Boston, Mass, The Dental Equipment House. 45 YVest filth St., New York. General sales and Distributing Agencies and special agencies with the best Dental Depot in each section of the country. COLLEGE OE DENTAL ORAL URGERY OF NEW YORK 302-304-306 East 35th Street Large New Building with New Equipment Co-Educational Member of the National Association of Dental Faculties WM. CARR, M.D., D.D.S., Dean 302 East 35th Street, N. Y. The College gives a three years' course of thorough instruction in all branches of modern dentistry. FACULTY: William Carr, A.M., M.D., D.D.S., Dean of the Faculty, Professor of Oral Surgery. Charles Milton Ford,, A.M., M.D., Registrar, Professor of Anatomy and Histology. Worthington Seaton Russell, M.D., Secretary of the Faculty, Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics and of Pathology. Delancey Walton Ward, Ph.D., Professor of Physcis, Chemistry and Metallurgy. Arthur Lessner Swift, D.D.S., Professor of Operative Dentistry and of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics. Herbert Locke Wheeler, D.D.S., Professor of Prosthetic Dentistry. Henry H. Janeway, A.B., M. D., Professor of Physiology and Hygiene. For Catalogue and Further Information, Address Chas. Milton Ford. M. D., Registrar 302 East 35th Street New York City A in x f 'S 4' A TILE, rf - N 2-' ' QM J-lzgllq . . 1 n . 4 ws u . 1 Ati. u ' ' v . 0 -. M :A ., H . 1 7 u' k ' .I ' -I ' ' ' 4: .A I v . ' fx Y - , 1 - :df . 1 U , A . i. u 2' '-' .m - 1 , ' ' vl -.. ,K s gag f f Ji' A . . ' I' 1 , n X7 . , PM ,,, 1 1 1 1 . , . .V .,,, .WI A: x , y , , 1, 4 . '1' :- -1 f. 3 fx 1 . x f ' . 'I I n 1 5, r 'a J., .J :'4 f ,1 'a 'o .th ' , ,.p I v ..,. A . 'I l Nz . ,'JZ ' I v I - 1 I 1 1 Ax. . N ji f 1 1. VW .ff . . v.. .1..,gr-.- X ,w . f , -if wif' F 5, U . .Wa 'jf ' wx AV, f Z, 9 r' ev J jf' I v . ' . ft. 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