Charity Hospital School of Nursing - Caps and Capes Yearbook (New Orleans, LA)

Text from Pages 1 - 108 of the 1938 volume:

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For what is having to do with dead canvas or cold marble, compared to hav¬ ing to do with living body?” —Florence Nightingale “Notes on Nursing ' ISOV-EtAMU PUDQkE M ' SELF BEFORE i00 RND IN THE PWLSENCt OF THIS RSSEIABLT . To pass m v. Ft in p im rno to PHRETICE MY PROFESSION FR THFUaY. 1 VJ� L - RBSTRIN FROW VJHRTEVER S DEIETERIOVJS AND MlSCWEYOuS .ftHO VJ .V NCST TRKE OR KNOW NGtLY ftDMm STER RNY HARMFUL OROQi. lv«J aDO HLUIN MV POWER TO ELEVRTE THE STANDARD OF MV PROFESStON . AND WILL HOLD IN CONF OENtE ALL PERSONAL MATTERS C0MM TTED to MV REEP N . AND ALL FAM LV RFFRNRS COMlNOt TO MY KHOVJLEDOlE N the PRACT Ce OF MV PROFE SSION. W TH LOVALTY WILU I EHDEAXiOR TO R OTHE PHVS e AN IH HlS WORR , RND DEVOTE MVSELF to the WELFARE OF THOSE COMMUTED TO MY CARE- E, THE SENIORS OF 1938, wish to pay our humble tribute of appreciation to our own Sister Stanislaus, Director of Nurses, for her unfailing interest, her remarkable inspiration, and her motherly advice, by dedicating this our first edition of Gaps and Gapes to her. Truly, she has been the bright and shining light of our Nursing School days. SISTER STANISLAUS I ( I I. Five Friends Administrators, nay more—friends and bene¬ factors, for His Excellency and our esteemed Director have proven, in countless instances, their friendly interest in all that concerns the School of Nursing. To both, then, we wish to express sincere appreciation. Especially, do we extend deep gratitude to Doctor Bel who made this book possible. In return, we pledge our loyalty to this grand old institution so replete with tradition and so challenging in its constant march of progress. I I GOVERNOR RICHARD W. LECHE GEORGE S. BEL, M. D. Director of Charity Hospital Board of Administrators ) i! Governor Richard W. Leche Charles J. Rivet Ex-Officio President Vice-President B. C. CASANAS T. J. DARCY JOHN L. DIASSELLIS J. A, DUMAINE RICHARD FOSTER W. D. PHILLIPS, M. D. E. F. SALERNO, M. D. Fred W. Matthews, Secretary-Treasurer ROY W. WRIGHT, M. D. Assistant Director of Charity Hospital RIGNEY D’AUNOY, M. D. Dean of the School of Medicine of Louisiana State University Charity Hospital 1937-1938 DR. J. O. WEILBAECHER, Jr.. Chief Medical Officer L. S. U. Dr. J. E. Blum, Jr., Junior Dr. L. F. Holland, Junior Dr. D. E. Fader, Ass’t. Dr. R. E. Selser, Ass’t. Dr. J. B. Colligan, Junior Dr. J. M. Wright, Junior Dr. H. R. Kahle, Senior Dr. N. A. Cox, 2nd Ass’t. Dr. F. A. DeJean, 2nd Ass’t. RESIDENTS MEDICINE TULANE Dr. R. J. St. Martin, Ass’t. Dr. A. N. Lewis, Ass’t. Dr. D. J. Richard, Ass’t. PEDIATRICS Dr. W. W. Kelton, Junior SURGERY Dr. L. S. Charbonnet, Jr., Senior Dr. F. T. Gidman, 2nd Ass’t. Dr. R. W. Vincent, 2nd Ass’t. INDEPENDENT Dr. C. S. Fresh, Junior Dr. G. L. Gardiner, Ass’t. Dr. C. B. Odom, Senior Dr. L. B. Leggio, 1st Ass’t. DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOLOGY OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Dr. R. G. Masterson, Junior Dr. W. D. Beacham, Junior Dr. J. H. Mullins, Junior Dr. G. A. Varino, Junior OPHTHALMOLOGY AND OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY Dr. J. D. Magee, Jr., Junior Dr. R. B. Payne, Junior Dr. George Haik, Senior Dr. J. L. Kellum, Junior Dr. M. C. Kolczun, Junior Dr. Gilbert Tomskey, Junior ORTHOPEDICS UROLOGY Dr. A. Perez, Junior Dr. D. E. Hodges, Senior DENTISTRY (All Units) Lr. E. L. Richard RADIOLOGY (All Units) Dr. R. W. Cooper, Senior Dr. J. B. Irwin, Junior Eight Charity Hospital Internes 1937-1938 Ayres, William Wesley Barkoff, Samuel A. Bishop, Clarence Alvin Booth, Edgar Waldo Boudreaux, Raymond Eugene Boyd, Virginia Hawkins Cahen, Irvin Campbell, Guy Chustz, James Abram Claverie, Eugene Hypolite Condie, Dominic S. Crawford, Walter James Dalton, Orien Earl Daspit, Dudley Joseph Dyer, John Doyle Economou, James George Elkins, Oliver Wayne Ellender, Rudolph Dennis Ellington, Joseph Cobb Eubanks, Littleton Havard Fisher, William Gauthier Foregger, Richard Fourrier, Daniel Joseph Frantz, William Edward Gauthier, William Kohlman Giuffre, Philip Peter Goldstein, Nathan Gomila, Frank Raymond, Jr. Graham, Duncan Gordon Graves, James Alden Hays, Arthur Vernon Holcombe, Richard Gordon, Jr. Howell, Charles Maitland, Jr. Johnson, .Adrian Zang Johnson, Pearce Sherwood Kelleher, Richard Coty Keller, Clifford LaDore Kopfler, Marion Elmer Kurzweg, Paul Henry Leidenheimer, Henry, Jr. Levert, Edward Louis Lockhart, Eleanor Maltry, Emile Montgomery, Robert Edward Morrough, Lailor Anthony -Monger, Robert Sylvester Ogden, Frederick William Prejean, Oran Vincent Patton, William Hugh, Jr. Polik, Emile Rabalais, Robert Roy Rabinowitz, Carl Hirsch Ravenal, Joseph Archer Reeves, James Truman Rogers, Gordon Keith Schroff, Jerome Scott, Wood Henderson Sonnier, Lee Joseph Stephenson, Richard Taylor Thomas, William Francis West, Edwin Hudson Wexler, Bertha Natalie Williams, Donald Burt Williams, John Watkins, Jr. Nine F C U L T Y TPO you, dear Sisters, Doctors, Faculty, Nursing Staff, and others who so kindly guided us through these three years, we wish to express our sincere gratitude. It is you who have made us what we are. We hope you realize and will be proud to know that you were a part of us through these years. Many were the hours and days that we struggled together: we know that we seemed awfully dumb; in fact, we were, nay, we even seemed hopeless at times. At last we have accomplished a few of the many things you attempted to teach us. We shall not forget a single one of you so dear to us, and we hope you will accept these few words coming from our hearts as our Thanks to You Ten I I Executive Council of the Faculty of the Charity Hospital School of Nursing SISTER STANISLAUS, R.N., Sc.D. Director of the Department of Nursing SISTER HENRIETTA, R.N., M.S. Director of the School of Nursing and of Nursing Service SISTER SYLVIA, R.N., B.S. Associate Director of the School of Nursing SISTER URBAN, R.N., B.S. Assistant Director of Nursing Service MARY EUGENIA STUART, R.N., B.S. Assistant Director of the School of Nursing SAIDE SALMELA, R.N., B.S. Assistant Director of the School of Nursing CHRISTINE WRIGHT, R.N., B.S. Instructor in Nursing Arts MARY ELIZABETH GILLEN, R.N., B.S. Social Director and Instructor in the School of Nursing SISTER MATHILDE, M.A. Case Supervisor, Social Service Department, and Instructor in the School of Nursing SISTER MARY ELIZABETH, R.N., B.S. Supervisor, Male Medical Wards, and Instructor in the School of Nursing Eleven Instructional Staff Hugh Thompson Beacham, M.D... _ Urology and Venereal Diseases Oscar Walter Bethea, M.D.__ . Special Therapeutics Beatrice Boyer, R.N., B.S.... _ Pediatric Nursing Mary Brakel, M.S. ..... .. Nutrition and Cookery, and Diet Therapy Maurice Campagna, M.D...... . . Introduction to Medical Science and General Medical Diseases Philips J. Carter, M.D........ _ Obstetrics Lionel L. Cazenavette, M.D.. . Neurology Gesina De Holl, B.S., M.A.__ .. -Microbiology Theodore J. Dimitry, M.D... .. Diseases of the Eye Sue Fabregas, R.N., B.S. ___ . Communicable Disease Nursing Justin Foret, B.S. ___ _ Anatomy and Physiology Marv Elizabeth Gillen, R.N., B.S._ —.. Psychology Peter Graffagnino, M.D....... . Gynecology Rosebud Hollingsworth, R.N__ .. -General Medical Disease Nursing, Nursing Arts, and Bandaging Walter Mattingly, M.D... __ General Surgical Diseases William Mellen McCord, Ph.D.__ — . Chemistry Emma Sadler Moss, M.D... . -Microbiology Walter J. Otis, M.D.... - . Psychiatry Twelve Instructional Staff Emerante Robichaux, R.N., B.S. _ _ Obstetrical Nursing Jeanne Roeling, M.D. . Diseases of the Ear, Nose, and Throat Saide Salmela, R.N., B.S_ _ Nttrsing A rts Morris Shiishan, M.D._ _ _ Pathology John Signorelli, M.D.___ . -Pediatrics Mar ' on Bentley Stewart, P.T. _ . Physical Therapy Henrv Theodore Simon, M.D. .- _ Orthopedics Sister Carlos, R.N. __ - General Surgical Disease Nursing Sister Henrietta, R.N., M.S. _ _ Professional Adjustments and Ethics Sister Jane Frances, R.N., B.S- _ Operating Room Technique Sister Marv Elizabeth, R.N., B.S. Elementary Materia Medica Sister Mathilde, M.A.__ Sociology Sister Sylvia, R.N., B.S- . Drugs and Solutions Mary Eugenia Stuart, R.N., B.S--- . -History of Nursing Martin Thomas Van Studdiford, M.D- _ Dermatology Joseph Oswald Weilbaecher, Jr., M.D.- _ Communicable Diseases Christine Wright, R.N., B.S. - _ Introduction to Nursing Arts, Nursing Arts, Bandaging, and Communicable Disease Nursing T hirteen Editorial Staff Editor-in-Chief ROSA MACIAS Associate Editor MARIE GARCIA Business Manager JUNE WHITING Secretary ELLA ROUSSELL Circulating Manager HELEN HOFFMAN Artist THELMA JOHNSTONE i Fourteen J Editorial Kindness When the years slip by and your memory runs back the path you have trod, you will be glad that you stopped to speak to every friend you met, and left them all with a warmer feeling in their hearts because you did so. You will be glad that you were happy when doing the small, every¬ day things of life; that you served the best you could in life’s lowly round. You will be glad that men have said all along your way, “I know that I can trust her. She is as true as steel.” You will be glad that there were some rainy days in your life. If there were no storms, the fountains would dry up; the sky would be filled with poisonous vapors; and, life would cease. You will be glad that you stopped long enough to read with care and with a prayer in your heart, some part of God’s message to those that suf¬ fered. You will be happy that you shut your ears against the evil things that men said about each other and tried the best you could to stay the arrows winged with poison. You will rejoice that you brought smiles to your friends and not sorrows. You will thrill that you have met with a hearty handshake the hard things which have come to you, never dodging them but turning them to the best possible account. Fifteen History of Charity Hospital The first Charity Hospital was founded on November 16, 1735, by Jean Louis, a French sailor. It was located on the site which today cor¬ responds to the square bounded by Rampart, Basin, Peters, and Toulouse Streets and served the dual purpose of an asylum and hospital to the in¬ digent sick. Nothing is known today of the medical management. For over forty years this “Hospital des pauvres de la Gharite” served and administered to the sufferings of those intrepid travelers and adven¬ turous pioneers who sought the “Eldorado” of the new West. In 1779, the hospital was converted into ruins by a devastating hurri¬ cane which struck the city. It was not rebuilt until 1784, at which time it was reconstructed through the generous contribution of Don Almonaster y Roxas, a Spanish nobleman. It was called the “St. Charles Hospital.” On September 23, 1809, the hospital was again destroyed, this time by fire. The Jourdan Plantation on the sight of the present Industrial Canal served as temporary quarters. Conditions here were so horrible that it was said by Mr. Mather, Mayor of the city at that time, “No one, how¬ ever wretched and poor, will now consent to be committed to that hospital.” The bitter sufferings among the poor caused the Louisiana Legislature to take the matter in hand. In 1812, an act was passed by the State Legislature which may be con¬ sidered the first charter of the Charity Hospital. It placed the adminis¬ tration of the hospital in the hands of a Board of Administrators desig¬ nating who would compose the board and what their duties and responsi¬ bilities should be. This was the second legislative act mentioning the Charity Hospital, the first being passed on March 8, 1808. None of its provisions were carried out due to its destruction in 1809 by fire. In 1813, the Louisiana State Legislature appropriated the institution, and in 1814 a Charity Hospital accommodating 120 beds was built on the square bounded by Canal, Common, Dryades, and Baronne Streets. Be¬ cause of the rapid increase in population and the need for a larger institu¬ tion, the hospital was sold. In 1832, a new and larger one was built on the present site. It was a large, beautiful edifice, accommodating 140 patients, and served as a model of hospital architecture. The year 1833 was a red- letter one for it marked the advent of the Sisters of Charity into the hos¬ pital. Sixteen In 1849, new additions were made to the hospital to relieve the over¬ crowded situation. By 1891, the hospital included a skin clinic, a dental clinic, and other long-requested outdoor clinics. On March 28, the long- hoped for Children’s Hospital was realized through the noble donation of Mrs. Richard Milliken. In 1894, the Charity Hospital School of Nursing was organized, and in 1901 the Hutchinson Memorial Home for Nurses was completed. In 1909, the Delgado Building, which now contains our beautiful operating rooms, was constructed. Several years later through the generous donations of the John Diberts, a much-needed Sisters’ Home was built, and, through the same benefac¬ tors, a Tubercular Division was added for the white patients. In 1927, the Lapeyre-Miltenberger Home for Convalescents arose on the spacious grounds of the hospital. This was the last of the buildings to be added to the Charity Hospital of 1832. The Main Building having served its purpose for over a century was no longer deemed safe for use under the present crowded situation, and its dilapidated condition was proven to be detrimental to the public wel¬ fare. The State of Louisiana with the assistance of the Federal Public Works Administration raised the sum of $12,588,166.00 for the construc¬ tion of a new and greater Charity Hospital, and on August 3, 1937, the first pile was driven—the beginning of a magnificent piece of work. On April 19, 1938, another eventful pile-driving took place which marked the beginning of our new Nurses’ Home which is being constructed on Clai¬ borne and Gravier Streets, opposite the Sisters’ Home. Eagerly, as the days go by, we watch these massive structures rise. Our hearts throb with pride to think that we are a part of’ this great under¬ taking. Onward always. Charity Hospital! Seventeen N History of the Charity Hospital School of Nursing A ffiliated with Louisiana State University The Charity Hospital School of Nursing was organized in 1894 under the direction of the Sisters of Charity. Located as it is on the grounds of the immense State Charity Hospital, the school is afforded magnificent opportunities to give young women, desirous of entering the nursing pro¬ fession, a particularly broad and complete education. The enviable rec¬ ords attained by many of its alumnae testify to the educational worth of the instruction given the students in the School of Nursing. Post-graduate courses in Anesthesia and Operating Room Technique, and affiliating courses, make it possible for graduate and student nurses of other schools of nursing to share in the opportunities for instruction at Charity Hospital. Because of the ever increasing demand of hospitals, schools of nursing, and other agencies for nurses with advanced professional and academic preparation, the Administrators of the Charity Hospital and the School of Nursing approached the President of the Louisiana State Lfniversity in 1931 and requested the institution of courses for graduate nurses which would meet the requirements for university credit. This was arranged and, in the summer of that year, the first university courses for graduate nurses were conducted on the grounds of Charity Hospital. In 1932, the Louisi¬ ana State University Medical School was established in New Orleans on the Charity Hospital Campus. Realizing that the Medical Center offers splendid facilities for such a project, the University which is located in Baton Rouge, continued to conduct the advanced courses for graduate nurses on the grounds of Charity Hospital in New Orleans. The grad¬ uate nurse staff of the hospital immediately took advantage of the oppor¬ tunity given them to raise their educational standards. Many are now the possessors of the Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing Education, which is granted by the University. Graduate nurses from other recognized schools of nursing likewise avail themselves of this opportunity to further their professional development. Eighteen In 1937, the program was broadened to include student nurses by af¬ filiation of Charity Hospital School of Nursing with the Louisiana State LJniversity. The School now offers three programs: (1) The three year basic professional program leading to the Diploma in Nursing; (2) The combined academic and basic professional course leading to the Diploma and to the Bachelor of ' Science Degree in Nursing; (3) The program for graduate nurses leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing Education. Close cooperation is maintained with the administrative and educa¬ tional staffs of Charity Hospital and the Louisiana State University Medi¬ cal School, each of which has made fully available the clinical and educa¬ tional resources needed for the continued expansion of the School of Nursing. JAMES MONROE SMITH, Ph.D. President of the University Nineteen N Charity Hospital of 1938 i 1 2 I Twenty-one Points of Interest m M •ly rs The Heart of Our Old Charity Hospital T wenty-two An Appreciation It is with pride and admiration that we look up to Sister Henrietta who has won in the hearts of the student body the place of re¬ spected director and sympathetic counselor. By her unswerving ad¬ herence to high ideals, by her broad understanding of the true spirit of nursing, and by her radiant per¬ sonality, she has endeared herself to all Avho have come in contact with her. In our feeble way, we pay this tribute of appreciation to one who justly deserves all honor and praise —our dear Sister Henrietta. A Tribute To Sister Sylvia, who in the past three years, has given us the love and guidance of a mother, the sym¬ pathy and understanding of a friend, and the model example of a Christian woman, we, the Seniors of 1938, wish to extend, most hum¬ bly, our deepest and most sincere appreciation. Yes, deep gratitude for her words of encouragement, gratitude for her patience and wisdom, and gratitude for her deep interest in all that concerns us. Sister Sylvia, from our hearts we thank you. May God hless you always. s Student Government Student government provides for student organization to function for the school as a whole. It gives opportunity for group participation and is the policy-forming unit for the entire extra-professional program. A faculty-student cooperative form of government is maintained. Elected annually by popular vote, the Student Council of ten members consisting of president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and a repre¬ sentative from each class and the affiliate group, meets bi-monthly to handle problems of school welfare and discipline. In addition to this, the entire student body meets monthly. The council works in cooperation with a faculty advisory group. The council also functions through two subsidiary groups: the house committee, composed of ten wing monitors, which handles, with the assistance of the hostesses on duty in the Nurses’ Home, all violations of house regulations; the uniform committee, com¬ posed of a chairman and all class officers, which handles uniform regula¬ tions. The council reserves to the committee on discipline, whose three mem¬ bers are chosen from the council, the responsibility of handling violations of social conduct at home or abroad. The honor system prevails and a system of merits and demerits is in use. T wenty-six Student Council Officers President HAZEL PIERCE Vice-President MARYJANE SABLE Secretary MARGARET ALLEN Glass Representatives MARIA GARCIA IRENE GORDON MARY LOUISE BUCHANAN VIVIAN BLANTON WILLENE GROBE LISE GAUTREAUX RUTH COLEMAN JANE SCHEFFEL T wenty-seven o R iKl M rOtCfUi Glass of 1938 SENIOR GLASS President HAZEL PIERCE Vice-President MOLLY D. STOCKEMER Secretary MILDRED FRANK LEE Class Sponsor SISTER MARY ELIZABETH T wenty-nine lV Lii: r ' ■ 1- . ■■ Sister Mary Elizabeth ' M Class Sponsor Her ever cheerful smile has won a place in the hearts of all. Her ready, helping hand and her loyalty in upholding the spirit of our school have inspired us onward. Her advice, which has always comforted us, has made us live happier nursing days. Words cannot express appreciation for such a sponsor who has helped us through our nursing career by her kindliness, friendliness, loyalty, cheerfulness, and ever-willing service. To you. Sister Mary Elizabeth, we hope we have proven grateful throughout these happy days. Kindness such as yours can never be repaid. T hirty Hazel Pierce Iowa, Louisiana To know how to suggest is the art of teaching. President, Student Council President, Seniors ’38 Glee Club Molly Stockemer Huttig, Arkansas Women—’Tis modesty that makes them seem divine. Vice-President, Seniors ’38 Literary and Dramatic Club Mildred Frank Lee Louisville, Mississippi God gives men wisdom as He gives them gold; His treasure house is not the mint, but the mind. Secretary, Seniors ’38 Social Club Thirty-one Evy Alexander Atlanta, Texas Purity of heart is the noblest inheritance, and love the fairest ornament of woman. Hostess Club Van Ola Bailey Austin, Texas The society of women is the element of good manners. President, Social Club June Whiting Mobile, Alabama Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. Social Club Business Manager, Caps and Capes Thirty-two Mary Agnes Brennan Kenner, Louisiana More helpful than all wisdom or counsel is one drawl of simple pity that will not forsake us. Athletic Club Gen Christiansen Waycross, Georgia A handsome woman is a jewel; a good woman is a treasure. Social Club Ava Gray Crossett, Arkansas Most arts require long study and application; but the most useful art of all, that of pleasing requires only the desire. Glee Club Thirty-three Maria Garcia Austin, Texas Ever helpful, kind of heart. Always willing to do her part. Class Representative, Student Council President, Glee Club Associate Editor, Caps and Capes Lucy Gossard Rochelle, Louisiana The one who will be found in trial capable of great acts of love is ever the one who is al¬ ways doing considerate small ones. Social Club Otto Lee Gunter Pensacola, Florida The most beautiful thing in the world is a creature with the genius of temperament, which is far different from the temperament of genius. Athletic Club Thirty-four Helen Hoffman Pittsburg, Texas Loving kindness is greater than laws; and the charities of life are more than all ceremonies. Athletic Club Circulating Manager, Caps and Capes Thelma Johnstone Alexandria, Louisiana Artists are nearest God. Into their souls He breathes His life, and from their hands it comes in fair, articulate forms to bless the world. Social Club Artist, Caps and Capes Mary Lafleur Bunkie, Louisiana Peace is the golden wisp that binds the sheaf of blessing. Athletic Club Thirty-five Rosa Macias El Paso, Texas The vicegerent of God is in the human heart, whose still small voice the loudest revelry cannot drown. Athletic Club Editor, Caps and Capes Alice Maloy Blounstown, Florida He who has a firm will molds the world to himself. Vice-President, Hostess Club Catherine McDonald Pass Christian, Miss. He that does good for good ' s sake, seeks neither praise nor reward, but he is sure of both in the end. Social Club Thirty-six Josephine McDonald Pass Christian, Miss. Character is the real foundation of all that is worthwhile. Social Club Veretta, Miles Tyler, Texas What sunshine is to flowers, smiles are to humanity. They are but trifles, to be sure; but scattered along life’s pathway, the good they do is inconceivable. Athletic Club Victoria Pepera Madison, Florida Refinement creates beauty everywhere. Social Club Thirty-seven Agnes Posecai New Orleans, Louisiana In all departments of activity, to have one thing to do, and do it, is the secret of success. President, Hostess Club Ella Roussell Gramercy, Louisiana All true zeal for God is a zeal also for love, mercy and goodness. Athletic Club Secretary, Caps and Capes Irene Sganlan Gueydan, Louisiana There are a few things that never go out of style and a feminine woman is one of them. Social Club Thirty-eight T hirty-nine ifi-iiii Glass History On September 5, 1935, forty-eight young women from various parts of America were scheduled to arrive at New Orleans, Louisiana, to enlist their names at the School of Nursing Office, Charity Hospital. Some of these applicants were a little early, some on time, and a few were late—but they all came. Due to this addition of what was considered so large a class, to the rather small and, at the time, unprepared nurses’ home, a few of the students, residents of the city, were granted the much envied privilege of remaining part of the time at home until suitable provision was made for their actual entry. The class, however, soon became so interwoven, so close together in their relations, that these few so-called fortunate students found themselves very happy upon the day that they, too, were received into the walls of that now well-remembered building. No longer did they have to rise at quite such unearthly hours to attend lectures and theirs was still to be the joy of hearing their first summons to get up—a clanging bell rung at 6 a. m. Many of the first impressions gathered from Charity Hospital were those which met the wide eyes of these forty-odd as they followed close to the skirts of Misses Stuart and Salmela on a general tour of the hospital wards. Many of the characteristics of our hospital were recognizable to these “children” of from 18 years of age on up. On September 9, the following Monday, the Probation Class of ’35 entered the class room, ready to begin the first of their long list of classes. A three year’s contract to study, to work, to rest, and to play was to be fulfilled between days of supremely happy moments and mo¬ ments of terrified sadness. The physical examinations by Dr. Marcello and Dr. Weilbacher were ordeals to the probs. They trembled in unfounded fear, for they were handicapped by an ignorance of medical and surgical skill. Many of these students remember their first trips to the wards, when, escorted by Miss Wright, they were allowed to bathe patients and carry out, under supervision, other of the procedures in the art of nursing as demonstrated by their instructor. It was not until Decem¬ ber 23, the beginning of Christmas vacation, however, that the blue dresses and white aprons were thrust upon the wards for a ten hour day duty every day except for one afternoon off a week and a half day on Sundays. Christmas vacations came as a glad relief to the tired little bodie s. Three days off, start¬ ing January 31, 1936, gave every student except Van Ola Bailey, Gen Christiansen, Maria Garcia, and Rosa Macias time to go home for a little while. Three of the remaining four were temporarily discouraged, save for the prospect of summer vacations, but Gen Christian¬ sen’s mother and sister spent the time in New Orleans and Gen was very happy. On February 10 of that same year, the little probs took the Nightingale Pledge and en¬ tered a professional world so shiny and new. This night was stamped on each of their minds as a moment never to be forgotten ... a moment they would not wish to forget. On February 11, the Freshmen students were assigned to different wards. Happily they joined the parade of white across the campus . . . happily they beamed and smiled on every passer-by . . . and happy they were, for hadn’t they always waited for this very moment? And now that the probation days were over the freshmen began to take on more and more responsibilities. Finally they were put on night duties . . . oh, the hazards of reversing Forty nature’s methods of living! If it was hard for some of them to sleep in the day, it was even harder for these same students to remain awake all night. The freshmen were glad to welcome into their midst some new members who arrived as transfers from the Michael Meagher Hospital, in Texarkana, Arkansas, on the first day of May. Evy Ann Alexander, Helen Hoffman, Eula .lo Johnson, and Veretta Miles contributed a very friendly attitude to the cause and soon everybody was once again content with the world as it was. The fifth of September of ’36 marked a milestone in the careers of our student nurses, for on this day they had completed their first year. .4s Juniors they remained unchanged, except for a little more knowledge, a little more experience, and a little more self-control and poise, the end-products of added obligations which they had to carry. October 19, 1936, proved to be an important day in the lives of the students, for other classes as well as the Juniors, for it was upon this da ’ that the old nurses’ home was willed over to the colored patients to come, and the former occupants traveled by way of St. Charles Avenue to their new home, the Bienville Hotel. The brick dwelling was “different” at first. The Juniors felt it keenly. For over a year they had lived in a state of friendly content; now they were in a hotel! Where did so-and-so live? What did you do around this new place? However, the Juniors of that day will, I feel sure, confirm my following opinion: “The new home is much nicer. We have more comfort, beauty, and ease. When we get off duty, we change surroundings. We will never forget the old nurses’ home, but we are glad we are living at the Bienville now.” Gradually did they come to those conclusions. Gradually the new and more sedate way of living became less and less obnoxious. New places became familiar to the girls. Numer¬ ous ways and means were devised to bring the students together. School spirit soon rang through the atmosphere as a hidden enchantment. The Juniors were happy again. On May 17th, 1937, the Juniors were given a picnic for selling the greatest number of Christmas cards during the last holiday season. This occasion really proved to the Juniors that they were still the same well-organized, closely correlated group that had started out together. Sister Sylvia had found the most beautiful spot for picnicking. There were groves of trees, grass everywhere, and a blue-blue sky you could see without smokestacks and dust. Best of all was the river in which to go swimming. A few small houses sheltered the tired pleasure seekers when they returned to, not lunch, but a regular feast—such an abundance of delicious foods as to give rise to future stomach aches. The class may not remember May 17, but just mention “The Picnic.” On the afternoon of September 5, 1937, the Senior Class of one day boarded a west bound street car and spent the evening at old Spanish Fort—Pontchartrain Beach. It was 2c day so the reckless Seniors rode on every amusement at the Peach, took in all the side shows, ate all they could, and most of them went swimming. Classes began to take on a really serious aspect. The Junior and Senior years were, for the class of ’38, months of excitement . . . months in which they were put into the major services of Operating Room, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics, respectively. The vision of the first operation ever seen by their eyes was gradually being obliterated by scores of other more serious, more important operations. Memories of the Accident Room were giving place to long days spent on Pediatrics. Some had a natural love of children which made this work a pleasure. Others did not. All of them seemed to be seriously interested in Obstetrics. Forty-one The first reliable news of the seniors’ plans for a Year Book unravelled from out the ranks of “rumor” at a class meeting for that purpose on the night of September 23, when Rosa Macias was elected by majority vote, to the position of Editor-in-Chief. The remain¬ ing members of the staff were elected in the same manner and the class relaxed into a merry¬ making group. A holiday mood seemed to possess everyone around Christmas time and the resulting party, given in the seventh floor’s annex, was acclaimed successful. Everyone came in very informal dress, not necessarily dresses, and sat around on the floor enjoying everyone else. Miss Peterman, night supervisor of ward 334, was one of the very special guests. She came laden down with surprise goodies and joined wholeheartedly into the spirit of the thing. A chili supper, red hot, and with all the trimmings, served by Evy Ann Alexander who was dressed for the part, gave all the guests an appetite for the cooling drink then served. The seniors breathed long, oft-repeated sighs when, upon January 18, 1938, they com¬ pleted their last exams. No more studying until the approach of State Board and there would be plenty of time to worry about that later on. Senior activities began to occupy the thoughts and soon after the time of the future grad¬ uates. Pins had been ordered and received long ago, but there was still the business of in¬ vitations, uniforms, class play, et cetera, et cetera. On May 20, in the Auditorium on the Bien¬ ville Roof, and after six hard weeks of study and practice, the seniors presented their best talent in a three act comedy, “His Women Folks.” The play was very good. Everyone who went enjoyed it thoroughly. However, not everyone went and so, when it was given over the following Sunday afternoon for the Sisters of Charity, students and public were again invited. At last, on the seventeenth of May, 1938, the Seniors got a day off to go to Carville, America’s only leper colony. This trip is an annual affair and senior classes of Louisiana’s Charity Hospital have come to regard it as the finishing touch of their well rounded educa¬ tion. It was, therefore, with pleasant anticipation that 28 students, who remained out of the former 48 way back in ’35, filled up a red and yellow Missouri and Pacific Railway Special bus. They arrived a few hours before noon and were escorted around the grounds and through the hospital. Many interesting facts were divulged and the Seniors were again wide-eyed as in days of yore. In spite of all the amazing, unfamiliar sights, the class was impatient to eat when, following a brief shower, lunch was spread on a long table under the trees. The trip to Carville had a three point route and after sincere “thank you’s” and good¬ bye’s” the company was again on its way. Baton Rouge was the next stop and many of the Seniors indulged in their first opportunity to view the State Capital. They couldn’t pass through Gramercy without stopping—not with Ella in the bus. Gram- ercy is the home town of Miss Ella Roussell, one of the members of the graduating class of this year, A very touching home scene caused a few of those present to become homesick— even to cry. Everyone dried her tears and some very delicious refreshments were served to the entire group by the Roussells. Once more the crowd started home, all agreeing that they had had a very lovely day. We, the Seniors of ’38, have decided against drawing up a class will. For one thing the treasury is practically, or had I best say, completely empty—and lawyers charge fees. Be¬ sides, since this is a medical world in which we live, an age of science and research, we believe it will be quite sufficient, in fact, much better, to leave a few valuable specimens within your famous halls, or rather jars. The medical staff will please take note of the fol- Forty-twv lowing contributions: The tonsils of Van Ola Bailey, Victoria Pepera, Molly D. Stockemer, Hazel Pierce, Ava Maude Gray, Mary Lafleur, and Marie Garcia; the appendices of Gen Christiansen and Helen Bassett. At four o’clock on the afternoon of May 29, the Seniors were entertained at a delightful tea in their lovely home, the Bienville. This tea was given in honor of the would-be-grad¬ uates by the Student Dramatic and Literary Club. Upon arrival, the students were greeted by Misses Garland and Gillen, who pinned pink and red corsages of roses upon the guests of honor. Miss Natalie Anderson, President of the Club, acted as hostess. Many of the mothers of the girls in the Senior Class, who were in New Orleans to attend the approaching graduation exercises, were present. Delicious sandwiches and tea were served. The Seniors wish to extend their thanks for a very enjoyable afternoon. May 31, 1938, was, truly, a momentous occasion for the graduating class. Due to the fact that there is only one annual exercise, held between the times that the February and the Sep¬ tember classes graduate, the Seniors were, upon this night, to appear on the scene along with twenty-six of Miss Buchanan’s class. No one expected to be in the least bit thrilled— because they knew that they were not really finished and would have to go back on duty in the same student uniform the very next morning just as if nothing at all had happened. I wish, however, that you could have seen them a few moments before they appeared on the roof. Lined up in groups of twos they emitted the usual and unusual cries of impatient youths. Shivers of unexplainable excitement traversed their spinal columns. Hours it seemed they’d waited. Finally the nerve strain was broken by the appearance of Mrs. Yancey, President of the Charity Hospital Alumnae, who announced that each member of the class would receive a six months’ subscription to the American Journal of Nursing from the .41umnae. Cheers and applause prevailed. A few more announcements were made and, after visits from Sister Sylvia, Sister Mary Elizabeth, and then Sister Henrietta, it was time to go. From below, a swarm of white figures could be seen mounting the stairs—figures whose faces beamed with happiness. The march drifted down to their ears. The procession started. Eyes from every¬ where wer e upon them, eyes of parents, justly proud, eyes of friends, equally happy, eyes of the ever lovable and ever present Sisters . . . oh, but it did seem real ... it seemed the most wonderful thing on earth. Prayers were sent on an upward wend ... as an attempt to pre¬ serve some of the present joy ... as a thanksgiving ... as an entreaty that nothing should prevent any of that group from finishing the School of Nursing at Charity Hospital. And then, suddenly, it was over, the Seniors had had their one night and now they were to work steadily on and await the day upon which they were to “come out’’ as graduates! The dates were posted on the bulletin board and the earliest ones were August 16. Every Senior started counting the days until she would finish. On the night of June first the graduates were again honored, this time by tbe Junior A class. A dance took place on the Bienville roof. Decorations consisted of lanterns strung even out onto the very roof itself. A large bowl of punch was placed in the center of the table. Everyone was very friendly. Last names, titles, et cetera, were forgotten—the music was good ... “a nice time was had by all.’’ And now the Seniors will leave you. In groups of twos, fours, and different numbers, they will complete their time, receive their hospital pins, and go forth into another world. They will be everlastingly grateful to Charity for the things it has taught, the encouragement it has given, and the friends it has bestowed upon them; they will always remember, though they remain with it or though they depart never to return. They will always feel what they wish to say in gratitude, “A sincere THANK YOU.” Forty-three Forty-four s E N I O R S B 1938 Glass of 1939 FEBRUARY CLASS President MARY SABLE Vice-President ELIZABETH SEMBLER Secretary JANE SCHEFFEL Class Sponsor SISTER SCHOLASTICA Sadie Bailey Lillian Bihm Lillie Bihm Dorothy Cooper Betty Day Obera Garrett Hilda Gillies Catherine Harris Eula Johnson Margaret LaFleur Louise Summer Jane Scheffel Elizabeth Sembler Theresa Smith Charly Rhodes Neely Inez Nugent Mary Sable Ethel Wale Ruth Wolfe Forty-seven Class of 1939 SEPTEMBER CLASS President FRANCES VERDELLA Vice-President MARGARET ALLEN Secretary lONE Class Sponsor SAIDE SALMELA LANDRY Forty-eight Thelma Aucoin Margaret Allen Gladys Bowden Eva Compton Elise Conn Henrietta Domingue Frances Gandy Lise Gautreaux Genevieve George Mabel Hebert Bertha Heufel Frances Haynes lone Landry Mary Martin Elaine Matherne Edith Morris Mildred Oubre Bessie Peart Norma Pizza Louise Pitre Josefina Rodriguez Emily Ryan Margaret Reitz Theresa Shannon Juanita Sowell Charlotte Sanders Hazel Speeg Marion Tauzin Frances Verdella Marguerite Wilson Forty-nine Selected Poems MYSELF I have to live with myself, and so I want to be fit for myself to know. I want to be able, as days go by. Always to look myself straight in the eye I don’t want to stand, with the setting sun And hate myself for the things I’ve done. I want to go out with my head erect, I want to deserve all men’s respect: For here in the struggle for fame and self I want to be able to love myself. I don’t want to look at myself and know That I’m bluster and bluff and empty show. I never can hide myself from me; I see what others may never see. I know what others may never know. I never can fool myself, and so, Whatever happens I want to be Self-respecting and conscience free. BE THE BEST OF WHATEVER YOU ARE If you can’t be a pine on the top of the hill Be a scrub in the valley—but be The best little scrub at the side of the rill; Be a bush if you can’t be a tree. We can’t all be captains, we’ve got to be crew, There’s something for all of us here; There’s a big work to do, and there’s lesser to do. And the task we must do is the near. If you can’t be a highway, then just be a trail. If you can’t be a sun; be a star; It isn’t by size that you win or you fail— Be the best of whatever you are. IF WE ONLY UNDERSTOOD Could we but draw back the curtains That surround each other’s lives. See the naked heart and spirit. Know what spur the action gives. Often we would find it better. Purer than we judge we would: We would love each other better, If we only understood. If we knew the cares and trials. Knew the efforts all in vain. And the bitter disappointment, Understood the loss and gain. Would the grim external roughness Seem, I wonder, just the same? Would we help where now we hinder? Would we pity where we blame? Ah! we judge each other harshly. Knowing not life’s hidden force; Knowing not the fount of action Is less turbid at its source; Seeing not amid the evil. All the golden grains of good: Oh, we’d love each other better If we only understood! J u N I O R S AND F R E S H M E N 1938 Fifty-one Class of 1940 FEBRUARY GLASS President ISABEL MACKAY Vice-President BESSIE MORRIS Secretary OLIVE KING Class Sponsor CHRISTINE WRIGHT Fifty-two Hazel Armstrong Camille Belton Ruth Ching Marie Costello Josephine Dickinson Helen Donley Isabel Donley Armanda Fleetwood Ruth Fontenot Romana Garcia Wilhemen Grobe Carmen Haas Ruth Johnston Jewel Jordan Olive King Bessie Morris Isabel Mackay Cornelia McCant s Lessie Mae Reed Emita Seibert Irene Savoie Louella Trotman Fifty-three Glass of 1940 SEPTEMBER GLASS President LALAGE SLAY Vice-President VIVIAN BLANTON Secretary RUTH SITZMAN Fifty-four Beulah Adams Mary Green Helen Yers Dolores Anglada Anna Halphen Helen Pepera Burnette Baron Ella Hartley Helen Pere Marjorie Bayard Lois Hatton Esther Regan Annie Beough Cleta Hood Rose Salvaggio Maria Bentien Jean Horsburg Edna Mae Scott Patricia Bienvenu Bertha Huerstel Marie Seale Vivian Blanton Dixie Jackson Martha Sharpe Irene Bowman Edith Juneau Henrietta Silverstien Dorothy Breaux Janet Kinler Marie Louise Simms Phyllis Burke Mildret Lambert Ruth Sitzman Edwina Cannon Helen Lawerence Lalage Slay Dorothy Ching Joy Lawerence Lucy Slay Veo Cockerhan Lena Mabile Marie St. Clair Dorothy Crawford Carrie Mayeaux Lillian Stolberg Yvonne Daspit Cecile McHale Joy Smith Ethylyn Davis Zulma McKeever Sara Thompson Martha Dunn Rose Mercer Elizabeth Waldrip Marjorie Dupuis Rose Miller Alverne Walker Billie Dyson Mary Miller Floyd Walton Geraldine Evans Audrey Mills Ruth Weimer Anna Giles Ursula Mumme Fifty-five Extra-Curricular Activities A C T I V I T I E S The program of Extra-Curricular Activities and of Student Government of the Charity Hospital School of Nursing has now been in existence for seven months. On October 25, the first organization meeting consisting of faculty, student body, and interested staff nurses was held. Plans were made for the institution of five clubs to provide varied in¬ terests for the students. These were: Social Club, bridge and danc¬ ing; Hostess Club, correct conduct and entertainment; Athletic Club, sports and physical education; Glee Club, music and song; Dramatic and Literary Club, amateur theatricals and literature. The directors appointed were: Hostess Club—Miss Marie Cin- coski and Miss Ida Belle Guillory; Social Club—Miss Saide Sal- mela and Miss Zaide Rehberg; Athletic Club—Miss Alice Stolp, Miss Mary Bacharach and Miss Mattie Bell; Glee Club—Mrs. Alciatore and Miss Ada Caldwell; Dramatic and Literary Club— Mrs. Ethel Mule and Miss Dorothy Garland. Miss Mary Gillen was appointed Director of Social Activities to co-ordinate the work of the various clubs. At this meeting announcement was also made of the organization of a Hi-Glub—an honorary scholastic club. Membership is on the basis of scholastic achievement. The direc¬ tors are Sister Henrietta, Director, School of Nursing; Sister Mathilde, Case Supervisor, Social Service Department, and Miss Josephine Marino, Registrator in the University Division. Through the interest of Doctor Bel, a basketball court was pro¬ vided for the nurses on the hospital grounds. Since then, extra equipment including an additional basketball, team suits, soft balls, and volley balls has been secured. ♦ Fifty-six Leader To Sister Mathilde, Charity’s stimulating activity promoter, goes the honor of being the guiding spirit in organizing extra-curricular projects. This year’s program of ' varied club organization and achievement is the result of her foresight, guidance, and interest. Case Supervisor of the Charity Hospital Social Service Department and Instructor in Sociology, Sister Mathilde is vitally concerned with the character development and cultural progress of student nurses. With rare insight and fine understanding, she has introduced a set-up of social activi¬ ties that is stimulating and self-productive. Energetic, resourceful, untiring in effort and unswerving in purpose, of broad vision and humane sympathy. Sister Mathilde stands for wide in¬ terests and for dynamic participation in their achievement. Primarily a leader and organizer, she remains essentially a counselor and a friend. Fifty-seven I i Athletic Club President Vice-President Secretary LOUISE PITRE THERESA SHANNON ELAINE MATHERNE Directors ALICE STOLP MATTIE BELL MARY BACHARACH MEMBERS lone Landry Camille Belton Josefina Rodriguez Theresa Kuhlman Ruth Ching Bessie Morris Theresa McCordell Joy Lawerence Inez Boudreaux Lessie Mae Reed Juanita Sowell Vivian Blanton Armanda Fleetwood Beulah Adams Ruth Whetstone Martha Sharpe June Whiting Mary Lafleur Mary Brennan Otto Lee Gunter Ursula Mumme Elizabeth Waldrip Helen Hoffman Louise Pitre Elaine Matherne Lucy Slay Maria Bentien Emily Ryan Rosa Macias Henrietta Domingue Bertha Heufel Billie Dyson Ruth Sitzman Martha Dunn Dorothy Ching Ella Roussell Fifty-eight Hostess Club President AGNES POSECAI Vice-President ALICE MALOY Secretary LISE GAUTREAUX Directors MARIE CINCOSKI IDA BELLE GUILLORY MEMBERS Marie Seale Lise Gautreaux Dorothy Breaux Zulma McKeever Agnes Posecai Eva Alexander Cornelia McCants Alice Maloy Jean Horsburg Ruth Johnston Rose Mercer Helen Pere Charlotte Sanders Genevieve George Veo Cockerhan Carmen Haas Mary Martin Elise Conn Ethylyn Davis Edna Mae Scott Esther Regan Dorothy Crawford Mable Hebert Mary Miller Dolores Angalada Fifty-nine Social Club President VAN OLA BAILEY Vice-President DOROTHY COOPER Secretary ETHEL WALE Directors SAIDE SALMELA ZAIDE REHBERG MEMBERS Romana Garcia Louella Trotman Olive King Lillie Mae Marquez Ruth Fontenot Frank Lee Marie Sims Jane Scheffel Ruth Wolfe Lucy Gossard Lillian Bihm Inez Nugent Helen Lawerence Dorothy Cooper Irene Scanlan Victoria Pepera Annie Beough Mildred Lambert Frances Gandy Audrey Mills Marjorie Dupuis Ruth Weimer Betty Campbell Anne McMinn Carrie Mayeaux Gen Christiansen Bertha Hearstel Van Ola Bailey Josephine Dickerson Edwina Cannon Floyd Walton Joy Smith Marie Sinclair Ethel Wales Anna Halphen Yvonne Daspit Catherine McDonald Henrietta Silberstein Helen Pepera Margaret Breaud Saide Bailey Marjorie Bayard Patricia Bienvenui Norma Pizza Gladys Bowden Frances Haynes Emita Seibert Josephine McDonald Thelma Johnstone Helen Bassett Mavis Haywood Margaret Reite Bessie Peart Elizabeth Sembler Obera Garrett Lillie Bihm Sara Thompson Wilhemen Grobe Ella Hartley Marion Tauzin Marie Costello Edith Morris Sixty Literary and Dramatic Club President NATALIE ANDERSON Vice-President ROSE SALVAGGIO Secretary JANET KINDER Directors ETHEL MULE DOROTHY GARLAND Lalage Slay Geraldine Evans Margaret Allen Irene Bowman Rose Salvaggio Phyllis Burke MEMBERS Mary Green Lois Hatton Thelma Aucoin Helen Donley Mildred Oubre Anna Mae Giles Janet Kinler Frances Verdella Isabel Donley Molly Stockemer Sixty-one Glee Club President MARIA GARCIA Vice-President ISABEL MACKAY Secretary HILDA GILLIES Directors MRS. A. ALCIATORE ADA CALDWELL MEMBERS Lena Mae Mabile Hazel Pierce Hilda Gillies Burnette Baron Dixie Jackson Maria Garcia Cecile McHale Cleta Hood Lillian Stolberg Ava Maude Gray Edith Juneau Alverne Walker (Pianist) Isabel Mackay Sixty-two Calendar of Outstanding Club Activities Oct. Dec. .Ian. Feb. Mar. Mar. April April Oct. Dec. Dec. Dec. Mar. Mar. Oct. Nov. Dec. Feb. Mar. April Oct. Dec. Feb. Oct. Dec. Dec. Jan. Mar. April ATHLETIC 26—Organization. 15—Old Clothes Contest for Needy Patients. 28—Outdoor Picnic. 11—Outdoor Picnic. 9—Imitation Radio Program for Student Assembly. 18—Basketball Game—Charity Hospital vs. Ursuline College. 8—Basketball Game—Charity Hospital vs. St. Rose de Lima’s C. Y. O. 11—Basketball Game—Charity Hospital vs. St. Cecelia’s C. Y. O. Future Activities of the Athletic Club include tennis, baseball, volley ball and hit pin ball. GLEE 26—Organization. 8—Musical Program for Student Assembly. 15—Old Clothes Contest. 24—Christmas Carols sung through hospital. 6—Musical Selections for L. S. U. Nursing Education Alumni Program. 18—Musicale. HOSTESS 26—Organization. 6—Tea for Nursing School Faculty and L. S. U. Nursing Education Alumnae. 15—Old Clothes Contest. 23—Outdoor Picnic. 15—Poster Campaign, “Hints for the Wise.’’ 6—Style Show. Skit, “Do’s and Don’t’s for Public Dining.’’ The Club members are receiving instructions and demonstrations in social grace, correct posture and carriage, formal and informal modes of entertaining. SOCIAL 26—Organization. 15—Old Clothes Contest. 1—Dancing Contest for Student Assembly. Activities of the Club are divided between bridge and dancing. LITERARY AND DRAMATIC 26—Organization. 8—One-Act Play for Student Assembly, “Have You Had Your Operation?’’ 15—Old Clothes Contest. 18— Talk on Chinese Customs by Mr. Lee, Chinese Consul. 8—Trip through Delgado Trade School. 19— Tea for Mr. Lee, Chinese Consul. Euture Activities of the Club include the organization of patients’ library within the hospital. Sixty-three What Would Happen To ALEXANDER___ -If there were onlv one coiffure? BAILEY_ _ ..If she couldn’t dance? CHRISTIANSEN__ .If she didn’t have her Johnny? GRAY_ ..If she didn’t have the “gift of gab’’? GUNTER __ If she didn’t have to spend he r spare time in the dentist chair? GOSSARD __ ..If she didn’t have her curls? GARCIA__ - If she didn’t like classical things? HOFFMAN _ __ - If she didn’t have Miles? JOHNSTONE.... . If she lost that artistic touch? LEE_ -If she gained a few pounds? j. McDonald __ j 1 c. McDonald_! • If they were alike? MACIAS _ - If she didn’t feel responsible for something? MALOY___ __ _ -If she could wake up on time? MILES .... -If she didn’t have that school spirit? PIERCE__ -If she couldn’t take a rest? PEPERA_ -If she couldn’t keep a secret? POSECAI_ If she had Kate Smith’s voice? ROUSSELL _____ -If she suddenly acquired professional dignity? SCANLAN.___ - If she lost that characteristic laugh? SWEET___ - If she got her letter on time? STOCKEMER__ If she couldn’t find her toothbrush? WHETSTONE__ -If she got jilted? WHITING__ .___ -If she didn’t have “Mobile to lean to.’’ Sixty-four Sixty-five Operating Room Library Dihert Building Extra!! Extra!! Sister Sylvia Rescues Exhausted Supervisors ATTENTION EVERYBODY! Have you heard the colossal new s? Misses Graf¬ ton, Boyer, Mrs. Fabregas, and many other supervisors of the various halls, wards, and services of Charity Hospital were rescued yesterday by none other than our very own Sister Sylvia who found these distinguished personages in a state of mental, physical, and spiritual collapse in different spots of the hospital and grounds. Upon inquiry. Sister discovered that their present state of upheaval was caused by the 1938 Graduating Glass. “Sister,” sighed Miss Schwartzenburg, “they are too much for us.” “Yes!” agreed Miss Artmann emphatically. “And I, for one, give up!” Sister was aghast. “Why this is positively alarming!” she exclaimed in dismay. “What have they done?” And, dear Senior classmates, do you know what was the matter? The supervisors were having trouble grading our efficiency slips. So Sister Sylvia, in her usual gracious manner, smiled, assuring them that the problem was hers. After spending five days and five nights in seclusion. Sister submitted the following results: RATING OF STUDENT’S PRACTICE Name Senior Class, 1938 Date September, 1935 through August, 1938 Check Class: Senior__ Junior_Freshman_ — Kindly use one of the following letters in grading students: Excellent—E; Good—G; Fair—F; or Poor—P. ACCEPTABILITY TO PATIENTS_____ Veretta Miles COURTESY________ Molly Stockemer DIGNITY____ Ruth Whetstone ECONOMY---Evy Ann Alexander WILLINGNESS TO WORK__Agnes Posecai TACTFULNESS___Ava Maude Gray LOYALTY...__________Ella Roussell ACCURACY----- Gen Christiansen EXECUTIVE ABILITY__ ________Hazel Pierce CONSCIENTIOUSNESS ______Maria Garcia DESIRABLE REACTION TO CRITICISM___ June Whiting INITIATIVE -- -----Jo McDonald INTEREST IN WORK___Lucy Gossard NEATNESS IN WORK__... Irene Scanlan PUNCTUALITY___Mary Lafleur PERSONAL APPEARANCE_____Mary Agnes Brennan EFFICIENCY ........Catherine McDonald INTELLIGENCE ___Mildred Lee SWIFTNESS __ Van Ola Bailey CONVERSATIONAL ABILITY_____Thelma Johnstone PLEASANT DISPOSITION ___Alice Maloy SINCERITY ______Rosa Macias SELF CONTROL _____Victoria Pepera DETERMINATION .......Helen Hoffman POISE _ _______Ruth Sweet RELIABILITY___ ___Otto Lee Gunter General Remarks excellent nurse—a little lady. Has She shown improvement? Yes Have you discussed this record with the student Yes Signature: Sister Sylvia, R.N., Per Jo McDonald. This report is to be jilled in each month only if the student has been in the department for two weeks or longer. Kindly send it to the School of Nursing Office on the last day of each month. Sixty-six Sisters’ Garden Entrance to Old Main Building Nurses’ Garden Sixty-seven 9 F t pf ' WJiS A Nurse’s First Vacation “Say, Gunter, wake up. You old sleepy head, don’t you know what today is? Yes, that s it, of eourse, the 27th of April and that means going home for three weeks vaeation. Gee. I ean hardly believe it! Ho, Hum! Well, get up, you know we owe half a day’s work to good Old Charity be¬ fore we leave.” W hy am I nervous? Guess you’d be, too, if you were going home to see your folks, wouldn’t you? Honest, Mrs. Brown, were you as excited and jittery over your first vacation? You were! Well, maybe we are all then.” 12:30 and I must take the 1:10 train. Bye, Mrs. Brown, Oh thank you. I’m sure I’ll have a grand time.” “Whew, just did make this train, but better being almost late than late, though, I wonder if Mother and Dad are as excited as I. Did he say the next stop was . . . yes, he did say Rochelle and there’s Mother and Dad waving at me! Aren’t they sweet? But why the crowd? Well, if it isn’t the old gang. How thoughtful of them. Where’s my handkerchief? I can’t cry now! I just musn’t cry!” Gee, I m so tired! Somehow, I’m just not as good a sport as I used to be. Nursing and sports don’t seem to mix very well. I do hope the crowd doesn t notice the difference. I don’t feel right with them. Have I changed or have they?” “Tomorrow I’ll be going back to work. Everyone has been so nice to me. Mother and Dad treat me as if I were an honored guest, not just one of the family. I don’t feel worthy of it all.” “Here comes my train. Yes, Mother, I’ll write. Oh! dear, I can’t even look at her. Dear Lord, don’t let Mother see the tears. At last I’m on the train. Gee, but it was tough parting, but I’m tired and anxious to get back to work. I wonder if Gunter is back yet?” Charity Hospital, Nurses’ Home, please. Yes, I’ve been on my vaca¬ tion. Yes, I had a nice time. That cab driver doesn’t have to be so in¬ quisitive if you ask me.” “Ah, here at last. There go some of the girls on duty now. Goody, I’ll be on duty tomorrow. Hi Maloy, Hello Garcia! How’s everything? Did I have a good vacation, do you ask? A grand time! Yes, a wonder¬ ful time!” Sixty-eight F E A T U R Sweetheart of Charity Molly D. Sfockemer m Seventy The Most Beautiful Irene Savoie The Most Popular Camille Belton The Most Intelligent Mildred Frank Lee Seventy-one Musings Always at this season of the year we grow restless as we think of a life without deadlines and schedules. We feel that we are badly worn and sadly in need of repairs. A change is nice to contemplate, but to say “good¬ bye to something that has been a part of us for three years is another thing. We tell ourselves that we’ll never let the familiar faces fade from our memories, that the bright and cheerful corridors of the Convalescent Home and the dim, cheerless wards of the Pythian Temple can’t be forgot¬ ten—but, they will fade as others have in a new life that is filled with newer faces and newer duties. We’ll forget how we hated to get up at five-thirty in order to catch the first bus, and the mad rush we had to make to get in by ten o clock. W e’ll see that those little things have made us more of a real person. Life is only beautiful when we know that there is something ahead waiting for us better than our usual surroundings. So, let us regard these three years spent at Charity as a stepping stone to a better and fuller life. It is not with sadness that we say “Farewell,” but with gladness, for we know that there are some things we learned in our student nurse life that will make and keep us content throughout the days to come. Seventy-two Seventy-three Scenes of Old Charity To be a Nurse is to walk with God Along the path that our Master trod —” r V OULD there be a profession with a more noble purpose? A life’s work more useful and inspiring? Yet, this in truth is the very basis of our nursing work. It is this ideal that should be uppermost in our thoughts as we attend our duties day by day. The good we may accomplish as we work must not be considered the result of our efforts alone. It is the Great Physician working through us that brings about recovery. But, even with such an inspiration we often become selfish and, perhaps, egotistical. On the contrary, we should feel gratefully humble to have been chosen for such a service. It is a high and often difficult standard we must maintain. For we, as nurses, are looked upon as “smiling angels of mercy who must watch patiently and gently beside the sick bed—soothing, cheering, and instilling spirit and life into minds and hearts that have been darkened by mis¬ fortune.” Thus, our ministrations should be twofold—service to the body and to the mind. For, what have we gained in healing the physical being if the spirit is still broken? In this modern world of ours it is so easy to think only of the material —forgetting the very essence upon which this material is based. In think¬ ing this way, however, we rob nursing of its most noble background, its greatest inspiration. Let us pray day by day throughout the ' years to come that we may work hand in hand assisting the Greatest Physician of all Eternity. Seventy-jo t I- MEMORIES Seventy-six - ' J Wojot vm K ftnA.V ' Ho ftiaWb -l??! ttcri.W ' . V . 0 omA. Ol r.5DAaIjLl 3 Kcit 101185 X 1 h. II UitvmAaxuruj Will ? - aA{ l(m himiA. U(VAJpvwofi( Mii cn oW uwiSa 4AJOI cic.ccnrnbJlSAui5 W oiilxdQ) Wiw Awvi umA n ttu. upm ci ci urovjklA- ix iiSiuvi,. (VluntAl) ?(BaCai titwAffm � CtrrrxjjJjli OijomAcsYx cfl V 3 J|p. Seventy-seven New Life at Charity Seventy-eight The Ideal Nurse The ideal nurse is one with whom you can trust your most precious earthly possessions, the life of some one dear to you or your own life. You know that she has mastered an art, as old as life itself, so thoroughly as to be versed in the most modern methods. And, because she is pos¬ sessed of those qualities of ' character that make the application of her skill the safest and gentlest possible, you do not hesitate to place yourself in her care. The ideal nurse has as her aim the physical and mental restoration of her patient. To do this effectively, she makes things the least uncom¬ fortable for him; hence, she shows an unswerving loyalty to the physician in charge and to the authorities by whom she is employed, because she realizes that only by the diligent observance of the doctor’s orders can her goal be attained. She is aware of the powerful effect that faith in the physician and in the nurse exerts upon the sick. The ideal nurse is not a sentimentalist who weeps and wails at the troubles of the suffering, but rather a scientist who tenderly practices her theory upon broken bodies, afflicted minds, and tortured spirits. She has a high regard for human dignity and would no more think of shocking the delicate sensibilities of her charge by a harsh word or an unkind act than she would think of striking him a physical blow. To prince and pauper alike the ideal nurse gives her talent. She sees in every hoary brow and sunken chest, her father’s graying temple and bowed head; the furrowed hands folded in a tired lap are her mother’s clasped in prayer; each curly childish lock brings memories of her little brother’s golden hair; in the blushing girl who stands before her now, she sees her younger sister, sweet and shy. The ideal nurse gives her serv¬ ices to all alike, regardless of age, creed, or position. Soft is her voice then; kind, her acts; gentle, her touch; and, her prayer: “Oh God, I love Thee in the stars at night Under the still eternity of sky; Teach me to love Thee in the passerby, Teach me by the tears of Calvary To know Thee in the eyes of all that weep. Amen.” SeveHty-nme Commencement Exercises Program -Master of Ceremony William D. Phillips Member Board of Administrators Processional, “Pomp and Circumstances” by Edward Elgar String Ensemble Invocation Reverend Girault Jones “l.a Golondrina” by N. Serradell String Ensemble Address of tbe Evening Ben C. Casanas Member Board of Administrators “Waves of the Danube” by I. Ivanoviei String Ensemble Awarding of Diplomas and Honors Benediction Reverend Girault Jones Recessional, “Coronation March” by G. Meyerbeer String Ensemble Music by KARL KILINSKI STRING ENSEMBLE Violinists KENNETH AUTIN, SIDNEY COOK, PETER SCHMIDT, JOSEPH GUERRA Pianist MISS MYRTLE GROSS HONORS AWARDED Honor Pin HAZEL PIERCE Highest Scholastic Record MILDRED FRANK LEE Scholarships in Anesthesia First Scholarship - ROSA MACIAS Second Scholarship ...... AVA MAUDE GRAY Eighty Graduating Glass of 1938 Top Row —Helen Bassett, Victoria Pepera, Maria Garcia, Ella Roussell, Van Ola Bailey, Eva Alexander, Helen Hoffman, Ruth Sweet. Middle Row —Otto Lee Gunter, Lucy Gossard, Rosa Macias, Mary LaFleur, Mary f ' ren- nan, Gen Christiansen, Ava Gray, Catherine McDonald, AjJnes Posecai. Seated —Thelma Johnstone, Josephine McDonald, Irene Scanlan, Molly Stockemer, Hazel Pierce, Mildred Frank Lee, Ruth Whetstone, June Whiting, Alice Maloy. Honor Graduates Hazel Pierce Mildred Frank Lee Rosa Macias Ava Maude Gray Eighty-one Eighty-two Reminiscences of Probation Days ’Twas about August the thirtieth, 1935, when one of Uncle Sam’s mail¬ men brought me a letter from Sister Henrietta. Gee! for a minute I was afraid to open it, fearing that the September Class was full, and I would have to wait until February. Nevertheless, I opened it. As I read, “You have been accepted for our next class which begins September 5th,’’ my heart began palpitating (I’ve learned such technical words since I’ve been here) faster and faster. I was filled with the eagerness of life’s journey which lay before me. I was a little “chicken-hearted,” as it were, about leaving home and left with a pang of regret. Parting is one of the saddest things known. Wanting to get here in plenty of time, I left home at 5:45 A. M., Sep¬ tember 4th. I arrived in New Orleans at 12:30 noon, almost scared to death. I imagine others in our class were in the same predicament. I came to the Nurses’ Home and met Sister and some of the girls. I was then shown to my room which had four beds—meaning I was to have three roommates. Of course, none of them would be in to greet me. In my chain of memories, I remember that afternoon very distinctly. After I unpacked a few things, one of ' the girls came and told me she was one of my roommates. She told me that Miss Pierce, another, would be in the next day, and that she would take me to see the third of the quartette. Miss Gossard, who was in the infirmary as the result of a tonsil¬ lectomy. After wending our way across the campus to the Convalescent Home, we took the elevator to the second floor. When we walked into the Infirm¬ ary, Miss Gossard was begging her mother to let her go home with her that afternoon. (Sister still teases her about this). Well, I thought that she was just going to be a homesick girl all the time, and she thought she wouldn’t like me for a roommate. But, these feelings were only for the first week. We stayed together so much after that, that people began to call us the “gold dust twins.” Some people still get us confused, but we can’t figure that out. Next day we started classes with a bang! Principles of Nursing, An¬ atomy, History of Nursing, Hygiene, Ethics, and what have you. As soon as one was finished another would start. I remember, as most of the others do, the day we started Bacteriology (Bugology). The teacher said, “You are responsible for every word in the book”—meaning spelling, et cetera. This is one subject we really studied—not exactly because we wanted to, but we had to. Eighty-three Then, in a few months we started going on the wards for a few hours every day and then a half ' day on Saturdays. All of us enjoyed this, even though we were terribly green. How well do I remember the first day I was on the ward. Colored Female Surgery. One of the house doctors (gone but not forgotten) asked me to get a dressing tray. The ward nurse was on her hours off. I had no idea what he wanted, but decided I’d go into the dressing room and look for the tray or a nurse to help me out. But to my dismay I could find neither. I suppose the doctor either got tired of waiting, or he knew how dumb I was—the result being that he came and said, “Do you mind if I help you, little lady?” And I said, “No, sir, I wish you would.” And he did. Imagine my embarrassment! About six of us were on the same floor, and none of us knew much. One day one of the graduate nurses told us a patient was expiring. It was the first death we witnessed at Charity. No visitors were with the patient. One of the prob’s tried to feel a pulsation at the patient’s wrist and said, “This patient is still living, I can still feel her pulse.” When the graduate told her if she felt any pulse it was her own, she turned almost as white as the sheet. Imagine one of the prob’s embarrassment when a doctor who was dressing a case asked a student nurse to bring him a probe, an instrument, and she brought in a prob, a nurse. Was the student’s face red? Yes, slightly. But the probs weren’t the only ones who made mistakes in those days. One day a patient in my ward was to get a transfusion. Some of us stayed overtime to see it. Everything would go “haywire.” After the blood was taken from the donor, it was discovered that they would have to “cut down” on the vein of the recipient. If I had been on a snipe hunt, I would say “they left me holding the bag”; but since it was a transfusion. I’ll say they left me holding the blood and stirring all the time. Pretty tiresome, since this was my first time and I, fearing all the while I might do some¬ thing wrong. We stayed about an hour overtime. That’s the interest of a prob. I wonder if we lose some of it after we are capped! Probation—five months of study, worry, work, life, love, laughter, bit¬ terness, strife, ideas, ideals, homesickness, anxiety, and hope. Dreams com¬ ing true—or were they? We hoped so. Capping! We stood with red candles in our hands and lumps in our throats, while our beloved Sister Stanislaus placed our caps on our heads. We repeated the Nightingale Pledge and solemnly avowed we would abide by its teachings. Our prob days were ended and our days of duty and responsibility were begun—“The Lady with the Lamp carries on.” Eightviot ' H U M O Dilemma of a New Nurse Dear me! Somebody must have broken a bottle of Iodine. That odor is terrific. Now let me see which way do I go—oh, yes. This way —there is the supervisor. Good morning, I am Miss Blank. I was sent—yes, this is my first day, but don’t be afraid to ask me to do anything because I’ve had worlds of experience why I nursed Aunt Jane when she had her tonsils out and I was only fourteen. I also have a baby brother whom I carry everywhere I go. I know exactly when his bottle is due. And Caesar, our cat, got sick because he ate too many sardines, and I nursed it for three days straight, and it died! And I used to give Mother medicine every four hours, night and day, and at night I set the alarm clock—what? Oh, yes, I have as¬ sisted the doctor a great deal—our family doctor said I was a genteel little what? Yes, mam. I’ll love to take the temperatures for you. Just any¬ thing I can do to help. Yes, I’ll run along. (Five minutes later). Oh, M!iss Jones. Yoo hoo! M!rs. Brown in bed two bit the end of her thermometer off and swallowed it; I hope you don’t make me pay for it because mother says I can only spend . . . Mam? Gall the doctor? Why call the doctor? Oh, it’s really dangerous? But, I don’t see a doctor. Gall him? Oh, Doctor! Yoo hoo! Oh, on the telephone. How stupid of me! Where do I call him? I really don’t think I ought to disturb him. Doctors have such a hard life. I’ll bet be’s sleeping. I hate to wake him up. Oh, I’m quite willing to do anything I can to help. Oh, hello, hello. What do I want? I want the doctor. Which doctor? hy, the family doctor for M rs. Brown in bed two. You see, she bit the thermometer I put in her mouth. I hate to do this, but IVIiss Jones spoke quite sharply to me, so I guess you’d better go ahead. What? Oh, yes, wait just one minute, operator. Miss Jones is saying something. Yes, Miss Jones. Oh, call Dr. Brown. Yes, operator, oh, operator, call Dr. Brown. Now be sure and tell him—oh, hello, is this Dr. Brown? You have the nicest voice. I’ll bet you’re a good doctor, too. What? No, this isn t a joke—I want you to know how I hated to disturb you because I know what a hard life you lead—what did you say—oh, no doctor, I’m quite sane—now you’re kidding me. Miss Jones told me to call you. I can’t see why though. Mrs. Brown in bed two bit the end of the ther¬ mometer off and swallowed it, but she didn’t die and I—what, oh opera¬ tor, did he hang up? Oh, all right, you don’t have to yell so. Yes, Miss Jones, I’m coming. Oh, is the doctor here already? Well, Miss Jones, although I ve had quite a bit of actual experience I must admit I don’t know much about technical terms. Oh, he’s going to wash out her stomach? But that will be dreadful, oh, gracious! (In lowered tones) Miss Jones do all the doctors swear like that? Why our family d octor at home—why Miss Jones, you say you’d like to swear too? What? Oh, yes, I can be quiet for five minutes if it will help you to ... oh! doctor you mustn’t, you can’t put that thing in her mouth. Miss Jones (weakly) I . . . I . . . PLOP! (Young nurse faints). FINIS Eighty-six ■ ANY NURSE I am the young woman who lives in her shoes, My money all goes to pay pledges and dues; If I stop to buy clothes or any such trash, Some “object” sends in an appeal for its cash; My errands, my business, my church going,—all Are planned, done and finished in view of a “call” My patients are scattered from Guilford to Relay, My bag must be packed without pause or delay. By limousine, omnibus, railroad or car I am whisked away breathless wherever they are; Church, hospital, clubhouse—to store, bank or shop. I rush around madly with never a stop— All over the city my rubber heels fly— Was ever a trained nurse as busy as I? To care for the sick—to earn money—to give— Is there any other incentive to live? When I reach Heaven’s gate, will St. Peter, St. Paul Say, “Get ready at once, don’t unpack. There’s a call?” Eighty nine Nurses’ Dining Room ; Impressions of Charity Collected at Random An old vacant lot—filled to capacity with pilings, cranes, ditches, and dugouts—foundation of the new hospital. A skeleton of steel, scraping upward—toward the sky, beautiful in strength and in what it symbolizes! A beauty, penetrated by many rem¬ iniscences of “Old Charity.” The fish pond—an ancient Creole relic—which witnessed many a nurse’s visit by day; many a nurse’s romance by night (home nights). 142—just a part of the unpainted shelters that guarded an unknown quantity of colored patients with their various ailments and “miseries.” The Miles—seven operating rooms—whizzing with work—shining— that clean. The “amp” always cluttered with figures in white, composed solely of eyes, ears, and note books. The Observation Room, and outside, those well-trod halls, night nurses peering enviously out at evening dresses floating by on their way to the boat and gathering many a laugh as these same figures came rushing back —trying to get in before that 12:30 late was up. 218 and Sister Mary Elizabeth. (Sincerest regrets are extended to the students who may never have the pleasure of working on a ward under the supervision of that marvelous personality). And Sister, if you please, take one of those cute little bows. Yells, screeches, and “I want my mama” noises—262 after visiting hours. Odors of ' ether, collodion, butesin picrate, and blood. Traces of splints, clinic slips—A.T.S.—Accident Room. More fun! More babies squalling, more merthiolate bottles over¬ turned. More patients being scrubbed and examined— more “blessed events” taking place—good old 334. And to think, we nurses lived here, my, my, this very same floor held the ’38 Seniors—a bevy of noises—Ella Roussell making her nightly visits from room to room—Wiggin (Winnie Fred) and Johnstone poking their heads out in response to every buzz of the buzzer and yelling “Who?” Young ladies in pajamas and robes, stealing down to Miss Flynn’s kitchen to scorch chocolate and burn toast. Everybody in the hall at the head of Ninety the stairs to watch for “Our Ma” making rounds. Here she comes! mad scramble—giggles—lights out. Time —The night before exams. Place —The bathroom. Scene —Negligees and robes surrounding weary figures, draped negli¬ gently over chairs and bathroom stools—burning the midnight oil and cram¬ ming. Time —The night after eating chicken salad. Pi .ACE —The same. Scene —Negligees and robes surrounding miserable, choking, white¬ faced, nauseated nurses, draped wretchedly over wash basins, tubs, and so forth. Climax —An epidemic of Ptomaine Poisoning in the Nurses’ Infirmary. The good old dazes! Flash —Picture of Molly D. Stockemer—gazing in forlorn amazement, hair askew, at a long green shaft with two remaining bristles—the rem¬ nants of a tooth brush Molly had autoclaved. A room with dimmed lights , the glow from red candles, reflecting in earnest young faces. A hushed silence—“I solemnly pledge myself be¬ fore God”—the Nightingale Pledge. “Be good to our poor people!”— Sister Stanislaus. Now we must part with all these places Give up our lot to newer faces To take a step upon our own And follow the path that we’ve been shown. Ninety-one THE LADY OF THE LAMP Whene’r noble deed is wrought, Whene’r is spoken a noble thought, Our hearts in glad surprise. To higher levels rise. Honor to those whose words and deeds Thus help us in our daily needs. And by their overflow Raise us from what is low. Thus thought I as by night I read Of the great army of the dead. The trenches cold and damp. The starved and frozen camp. The wounded from the battle plain. In dreary hospitals of pain. The cheerless corridors. The cold and stony floors. Lo, in that house of misery, A lady with a lamp I see Pass through the glimmering gloom And flit from room to room. And slow, as in a dream of bliss. The speechless sufferer turns to kiss Her shadow as it falls Upon the walls. On England’s annals, through the long Hereafter of her speech and song. That light its rays shall cast. From portals of the past. A lady with a lamp shall stand. In the great history of the land, A noble type of good. Heroic womanhood. Autographs Ninety-five Autographs . ' JC • 5 f ” ' •� ■“ _ - - • , ' ' iir ' « -t ' - .. • v v i: � . Wl ' -c • ■� o ,- - ■ Cv : ? .-- _a; -_.V _ 4 ‘ r-_ � %.. •_ Vi ' :- ■ - T e - ;■ ' ■ -W ' jiu-. ' -• •. :. ' .iv S. .� •’ .. . fc ' - . ’ ■ s. ■ j r- -V4 ;- Jv -i-i • i ?t •... ' T ■ . ' v . V gT t- ■• ' k ■ ' - -I. • • . ■ _ • � - : - - ■ • V- 4 i 4 t .r..r� � ? ■ W S. 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