Central High School - EN EM Yearbook (North Manchester, IN)

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•• AS YOU LIKK IT Senate learned t know that lie never proposed to undertake anything in public affairs except from patriotic motives. If lie advocated a particular piece of legislation, it was from conviction. As a man. Mr. Hanna was kindliearted, sympathetic, genial in manner, and earnestly desirous of helping those who were willing to help themselves His friends in Cleveland have testified to the fact that no deserving jiorson ever appealed to him in vain. The assassination of President McKinley at Buffalo was a severe blow to Senator Hanna. It was remarked by those who saw him at the funeral that he had aged years during the few days following the shooting of his lifelong friend. Following the death of the President, Mr. llanna took up the work of the Civic Federation, devoting much time, energy and money to the betterment oi civic conditions, especially in so far as they were affected by the relations ol capital and labor. As the harmonious relations ot Mr. Hanna and his employes, for many years, became more fully known, they added to the influences. working in his behalf, until it is safe to say, that no man occupied so high a position in the regard of union labor, as did Mr. Hanna. Politics, especially that of his own state, occupied much of his attention, as before, and he fully manifested his strength in the State Campaign of 1903. when lie spoke for Colonel Herrick. He was considered the most successful speaker sent out in the state, especially in the manufacturing centers, ami the majority for Herrick was unprecedented. Mr. Hanna, altlio he made but few speeches in the Senate, was always ready in a sros-» tire deflate, and was an industrious and effective committee worker Mr. Hanna's death occurred February 15, 1904. Death came painlessly, and so quietly that even the watchers did not know he was going. It has been likened to the fluttering out of a candle. He did not regain conciousuess. and he passed away without a murmur. During the la t two weeks, in the opinion of some of the doctors, there was no chance of recovery. The burial took place on February 18. from lii home in Cleveland. The death of Senator Hanna was a severe blow to bis party. Political lenders, on both sides, realize the probable effect of his death. They have agreed that his death, coming as it does, at the opening of a Presidential Campaign, and probably followed by a hitter factionral light in his home state, may have an extraordinary effect ujx 11 the next election. It is evident that no one. in the Republican ranks, can tak: his place and make a success, lie has had experience and had an extraordinary influence, especially in raising campaign funds. It is feared that the labor men will stray from the party. He handled the labor end of the campaign himself, and but few others undcrsto.nl the means he adopted to achieve his ends. The whole nation mourn- th death of Mr. Hanna. Leaders of both parties realize the loss. Senator llanna was the soul of honor, candor and open dealing. Instead of being as some liked to consider him. a cerator of trusts, he was one of the most powerful champion % of laboring people that the country has ever known. He believed in his party. Joseph ». Cannon said. “As a business men. political manager and legislator, combining these qualifications, which distinguished men m each of these groups. Mr. Hanna was the most peaceful citizen of the United States. Radium Georgt Garber. In the ancient times chemists were ontinually trying to change the grosser metals into gold. Tins preliminary study of chemistry is known as Alchemy. It seems that the belief of the Alchemists i . being justified by the discovery of “Radium. Up until a year ago the atom was considered the smallest division of matter. Now the hypothesis is that the atoms themselves consist of a constellation of negative and positive electrons. This is. however, not fully proved, and it is certainly curious that no individual electron has yet been found in the free state. But let us turn our attention to the causes which brot about these effects. A Frenchman, by the name of Bequcrcl. who was a scientist and photographer, had some plates t.» finish. He wrapped these undeveloped negatives in paper which was impervious to light and placed them in a drawer which also excluded all light. When he went to get the negatives in a few days to develop them, he found that they had been affected. As there was some salt of uranium in the drawer at the ti n. tint the negatives were lying there. Bequercl at on:ethot th it the salt was the cause of the effect on the plate . Upon experimenting with the salt on some negatives, he found that the silt alone would not effect them. He then analyze 1 the salt and found a substance of strange properties but did not know what it was. Bequcrcl turue 1 his experiment over to Madame Sklowatnki. who wa aided by her husband. They decided that this salt could be analyzed from pitchblende. They obtained several tons of the pitchblende, which in found only in Colorado, Bohemia, and Saxony, and discovered that when Pago Twenty-One

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•AS Yor LIKE IT. Some 'Themes of the Seniors oMarcus cA. Hanna. Harley Tillman. Marcus A. Hanna, one of the greatest political geuiuMs of the twentieth century has gained fame, not only for himself, but alt o as the recognized power behind the throne of one of our most popular presidents. Mr. Hanna was born at Libs n. Columbian i county, Ohio, September 21. 1837. Very little is known of his early education, beyond the mere fact that he attended the common schools of lus native town. To those familiar with Senator Hanna's wide range of reading, and his power of logical th »t and eloquent cx.irc+sio.i the brief period of his formal education will be a surprise. He spent two terms at the Western Reserve Academy, where he received his great ideas, an I laid the foundation for his later work. In l'XHl. Kenyon College confered upon him the 110nary degree of L. L. I). On September 27. 18S4. lie married Augusta, daughter of l aniel 1 . Rhodes, of Cleveland. The marriage proved in all respects, a happy one. The grief caused bv Mr. Hanna's death, was the first one that the family have experienced. Mr. Hanna became an employe and. later, a partner in the Rhodes Wholesale House. And still later, he embarked in the coal and iron industry, and became a director of the Globe Ship Manufacturing Comjiany. He also rose to be the head of the M A. Hanna Coal Company: president of the Union National Hank: president of the Chapin Mining Company, of Lake Superior: and president of the Cleveland City Railway Company. Mr. Hanna wan one of the first to recognize the importance of bringing iron ore. and coal together. Many thousands of dollars are now saved annually in the production of this material, mainly thru the ingenuity, the enterprise, and the persistence of Mr. Hanna. Some l eople have said, that in his relations to labor, he has never had a scrik. This is n strictly true, for as an employer. Mr. Hanna encountered several strike- 11 wovcr. these strikes were not very important and he always went as tar as the utmost stretching of justice would permit in settling them. He believed thoroly in the most amicable relations between labor and capital as tending to their mutual advantages, and to the upbuilding of the entire community. Alt ho Mr. Hanna's schooling was very brief, he always entertained a sense of gratitude for what lie diJ recc vc and a keen interest in school matters. His earnest and hearty support was always given to the American school system. He encouraged young men to acquire all the book-learning |H»ssible. and. whatever their occupation in life, to keep up a regular course of reading and study. His first public office was that of membership on the Board of Education of Cleveland. Senator Hanna was, at all times, interested in jmlitics. Long before his name Inrcameconspicuous in the politicia! world, he was an active member at all primary elections, lie considered it hi- duty, to take an interest in public questions and to share in their settlement. The first presidential campaign in which Mr. Hanna took an active part was that 1880. when Garfield was the republican nominee. In that year, together with several other business men. lie organized the Business Men's League, which proved to be a great factor in the clcctiou of Garfield. This experience gave him his first appreciation of the power that could be wielded in politics, by a systematic organization of the business interests of the country. In 1884 and 1838. lie was a delegate to the National Convention. In 18 2. in the Convention at Minneapolis, he realized that William McKinley was rising and rapidly gaining the confidence of the people. He then centered all interest in the work for McKinley. His influence in the latter's election in 18%, cannot t.c over estimated. It is well known that Mr. McKinley tendered him a position in his first cabinet, and that he declined. It is equally well known, that the president urged him to become a candidate for the Senate, in order to till the vacaucy. caused bv the selection of Senator Sherman for the post o: Secretary of State. When lie accepted this ap| ointment. lie had no intention of running for a full term, but such an effort was made in 18 17 by John R. McLean, a Democrat, that he had to do s.». in order to keep hi- seat. In this election he received the approval of eighty-three, out of eighty-eight counties of the state. He won the battle by his remarkably good speeches. Mr. Hanna realized that no man could lie successful. unless he worked. He always labored hard from the time that he worked Whiud the counter until his death. His associates in the Page Twenty

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“ AS YOU LIKB IT. the salt of uranium was extracted, only a few grains of the unknown material remained. This unknown material they called “Radium from its influence on other elements and compounds. According to the Lancet method, operations for the extraction arc commenced by crushing the pitchblende and then roasting the powder with carbonate of soda After this compound is washed, the residue is treated with d lute sulphuric acid; then the sulphates are converted into carbonates by boiliug with carbonate of so la. The residue contains radium sulphate, which is an exceedingly insoluble salt. The soluble sulphates are washed out and the residue or insoluble portion is easily acted upon by hydrochloric acid, which takes out, among other things, polonium and actinium. Radium sulphate remains unattacked. associated with barium sulphate. The sulphates are then converted into carbonates by treatment with a strong boiling solution of car-bonate of soda. The carbonates of barium and radium are next dissolved in hydrochloric acid and reprecipitated as sulphates by means f sulphuric acid. The sulphates are further purified and ultimately converted into chloids, until ab mt fifteen pounds of barium and radium cliloid are obtained by acting upon one ton .of crushed pitchblende. Only a small fraction of this mixture is pure radium chloride, which is finally separated from barium chloride by cystallization. the crystals from the most radioactivcof the solutions being selected. In this way the crystals ultimately obtained arc relatively pure radium cliloid of a very high degree of radioactivity. It was only last March that eminent men of science refused to jioccpt the statement, so irreconcilable to scientific experience, that radium possesses the property of maintaining a tempera- ture at a point three degrees higher than that of its surroundings. But the fact that in addition to the marvelous radio-active properties already described, radium has this unique power of the emission of heat, has been established beyond doubt. Strenuous efforts have been made to ol»-tain accurate measurements of this heat production and to determine the effects of external conditions in promoting and retarding it. Professor Curie found that its heat emission remains unchanged thru a wide range of temperature, there being no perceptible variation at the temperature of a summer day. or that of liquid air: but if a downward stride is taken from the temperature of liquid air to that of liquid hydrogen, radium shows that it is not unaffected by the external temperature. But the amazing tiling about radium is the fact that the change in the rate of the emission of heat within the comparatvely short distauce of absolute zero is m exactly the opposite direction from that which might be expected in view of the effect of low temperatures on ordinary chemical action, for at the temperature of liquid hydrogen the heat emission of radium, instead of being reduced is augmented, in simple linguage. the substance which does not change its heat at all temperatures, from that of an ordinary room to that of liquid air. gives out its greatest h.at when subjected to the greatest cold that scientists have yet reached. These experiments with liquid hydrogen have led to the curious discovery that freshly prepared salt of radium has a comparatively feeble power to give off heat at all temperatures; but the power steadily increases for about a month when it reaches its maximum activity, which it retains a •parentlv indefinitely. Radium emits with great intensity all of the different rays that are produced in a vacuum tube. The radiation, measured by means of an electroscope is at least a million times more powerful than that from ail equal quantity of uranium. A charged electroscope placed at a distance of several meters can be discharged by a few centigrams of a radium salt. It seems that radium is not content with giving a-rays, b-rays and v-rays; but it also gives off a heavy gas. When this gas is collected in a glass vacuum tube and sealed off. spectrum analysis indicates that it changes in the course of some days from radium to helium. The rate of emanation lias been calculated to be such as would convert radium entirely into helium in the course of two millions of years, if helium lie the only substance thrown off. The old Alchemists sought vainly to convert one metal into another. The recent conclusion of physicists that atoms of substances are complex structures, of which ions arc the component parts, lias paved the way for the revived belief that matter is evanescent in type, and that it is capable of being changed from one substance to another It now seems as tho radium may be one of those forms of matter which exist in a condition of ionic or subatomic instability, and that radium may be the means by which the atoms of one element can be changed in such a manner as to form an entirely different substance. Radium is not much used in the chemical laboratory but mostly in medical treatments. Cancer. the most dreaded and fatal of diseases is succumbing under the radium treatment, the concentrated sun's rays. Physicians are experimenting by outward application « f the radium and. after preparing the body inwardly, are administering Page Twenty-Two