Central High School - EN EM Yearbook (North Manchester, IN)

Text from Pages 1 - 48 of the 1904 volume:

North Manchester’s Fastest Growing Store! the Big Store on the Corner IS M A KI N’t i MOST STRICNI OI’S EFFORTS To GIVE vor PEERLESS KARO A INS IN Dry Goods, CBothSog, Shoes, Carpets, Etc„ .ALWAYS SOMETHING NEW TO SHOW YOU. The Only Avenue That Leads to Success in Merchandising is the One That is Paved With Honest and Legitimate Business Methods. Your Implicit Confidence in This Store is Approbated. You’re Always Welcome. Remcinl cr, No Trouble to Show tlHXls. snorf eo. Page One •AS YOU LIKK IT. ----------------- . cfeeding Anything In Our Line? If so, remember we have the be-t lino at reasonable prices, and that we do repair work. Lal?ey and Son ; jewelers 8 Opticians Why Throw Your Money Avuay When It Can He Saved Without Trouble? In our store you will find prices away below what • the same goods cost elsewhere. The magnificent records which we have obtained during our career for Spot Cash before Delivery lias never been equaled by any other concern. We do business on the square, and your neighbors money will go just as far as yours. Every one treated alike. We always seek tin l est markets in the world and obtain for our increasing customers the best merchandise for little money. When in need of Bargains give us a call. R. F, Hays Son Pa«e Two June and Vacation Suits cAre Here! Every suggestion has been studied to lighten the worry for the mother, the xpense for the father, and the clothing for the hoy. Stylish strong stuff: dainty, durable designs; Norfolk ; Buster Browns; Sailors—in fact everything from wool to duck and crash. Goldsmith Boots • AS YOU LIKE IT. It Pays to Trade With B.Oppenheim Co V« sire This Season Showing the Lar«re- t and Finest Stock in Wabash County in Dry Goods, Clothing, Carpets and Shoes. Leaders and Makers of Low Prices To The School Public. IaJK believe you would ” appreciate any kind of talk better than “shop talk. In fact if you read these “ads at till it’s a chance. The real situation is that you know we have what you want and it’s the best to Ik had—that’s all. Burd$e’s Stores. Page Three -AS VOI.f LIKK IT.' ....THE.... “PALACE 99 ....FURNITURE STORE.... South Side Main Street Can Show You tlu Nicest. Cleanest Line of Furniture to bo Found in Wabash County. No Old Stock of Year Accumulation to Dig up but all New and Up-To-Date, and Prices Right. Call and See Us. Also Agent for the “New Home” Sewing Machines. A. E. STEWART CO. Funeral Directors. The Indiana State Bank. Pays Interest on Time Deposits. WE RESPECTFULLY SOLICIT YOUR BUSINESS. Charles T. Oribben, THE LEADING DRUGGIST. Stub and Emse Na le, Proprietors of ...The Oak Barber Shop.. North Manchester, Indiana. Call and See Us. Walnut Street. Opposite New K. of P. Hall. Shine Artist Constantly Employed. Page Four. “AS YOU LIKK IT. HOPPER’S .Coiyfecti orrery Store... oda Water, Ice Cream, Cai dies and Kruitss WE LEAD: OTHERS FOLLOW ...Into of Contents... Page 6. Dedication ........ 7. The Faculty and School Hoard ..... 8. Class. Motto, Colors and Yell ...... 9. Class Biography..............................Nelle Schwartz 13. Class of “Fifteen Naughty Fours”........- - Hazel Lynn 14. Class Prophecy.......................... . La Von Shaffer 15. High School Athletics ....... Crede Calhoun 17. A Mixture of Seniors ....... Harley Tillman 18. Calandcr for March ....... Songs Popular in the High School ..... 19. Grinds -........................... 20. Marcus A. Hanna . ...... Harley Tillman 21. Radium - - - - - - - - George Garber 23. The Poultry Industry ....... Lloyd Mishler 24. Mirabeau.................................. Franke Swank 26. The Panama Canal ....... Audra Hoover 27. Some of Shakespeare's Women ..... Fern Hornaday 30. The Ordinance of 1787 ....... Fern Green 31. Money Counters of the Treasury Department ... James AI mack 32. The Relation of the High School to the Community - - Karl Tyler 33. Wilhelm Richard Wagner .... . . Flossie Boyer Pago Five Pa«e Six •• AS YOI UKK IT. ....©cMcation.... We take great pleasure in dedicating- our book to Miss Ora June Brookover who has shown exceptional interest in the welfare of our class throughout the whole High School course. • AS VOLT LIKE IT. ...Xbc faculty.... Chas. F. Miller - . . Supcrintendant Mrs. P. Purcell..........................Music Mrs. M. Laver .... Drawing ....School Koarh.... President - - - - I. E. Gingerick Secretary - . . - W H. Shaffer Treasurer . . . A. L. Wright A. II. Symons Ora J. B.ookover Eleanor Loan Principal First Assistant Second Assistant Page Seven • AS YOr LIKK IT. Y;Ark±±±±±±±±±±±±±X±±±± ±ivk±±±±±±±±±±±'k:k'k±±±±±±±±'k±±±±±'ki • •• V- ...Cleiisw of lf)Q4... Motto: rimilL Maellt I � !� MrisltT.” 4V Colors: VAI.I-: lll.l'K AND WHITE. M w 41 vi 4f M -5 Yell. “Give Us Room? Give Us Room? More! Mere! More! Seniors, Seniors, Nineteen Four.' George Garber, President LaYoii Shaffer, Vice President A mini Hoover. Treasurer Crede H. Calhoun, Secretary llnrlev Tillman Flossie Hover Loyd Mishler Ina McFarland .lames AI mack Nclle Swart Karl Tyler Fern Given Ha el Lvnn Fern Hornnday Frankie Swank Page Eight. •AS YOI 1,1 KK IT. CKKDB H. CAUIOUN Bd • tor Crede H. Calhoun, the athlete of the class, was lx� m in Manchester April 25. 1855. Most « f his life lias been spent in Liberty Mills. Crede lias been known during his high school career as •-Jarvis. He was captain of the basket ball team and in an import i it factotum on the base ball team He intends to enter some college next tali to complete his education I, VON Sll AUKBR Assistant Editor Ojr far sighted prophet. l,aVon Shaffer was lH ru April 20. 1880. Her early life was full of the usual exciting incidents of the average lively girl. After tormenting the teachers of the Ward building for eight years, she entered the high school where she maintained a good standing in more senses than one. LaVon may be a teacher or overseer of nice college students. HARLEY TILLMAN Husiness Manager. Harley Tillman, the capable manager of our ••Annual, was born January 22. 1885, six miles cast of this city. He attended a country school for seven years, entering the eighth grade here under Miss Cox. Harley is better known by the appellation of “Lovins which has clung to Inm ever since he was a wise Junior He expects to teach until he sees an opportunity to advance to a more lucrative profession. Pago Nine •AS YOl' LIKE IT. GEORGE GARBER President. Our esteemed president. George Garber. was born January 27. 1887, and began his school career at No. 11. Kntering the high school in 1900, he has made his way over to the coveted Senior corner, with credit. His ambition just now. is to exccll his brother in wielding the rod and pointer. AUDRA HOOVER Treasurer. Atidra Hoover is the treasurer of the class. Born June 15, 1886. she attended school at No. 8 until 1900 when she was ready to enter high school. Audra thinks of teaching, but it is hinted that she will soon find her “Touchstone. LLOYD MISHLICR. Lloyd Mishlcr, mathmctician and German genius, was born February 17, 1787. He is another of our log cabin heroes. He spent six years at No. 6. entering the high school in 19 m. He anticipates attending a school of “poultry culture in a mcfarland. Ina McFarland, born on Wabash Avenue, four miles out, first saw the light on November 7, 1885. Her early education was received at No. 18 and is being completed in Manchester. Her future is very doubtful, it may ! .• college or perhaps teaching. Pago Ton •AS YOI LIKE IT.” FLOSSIE IlOYKK Flossie Boyer, the Canadian member of the class w.is born in Canada. September 7. 1881. At an early aye. she came to Indiana and has since developed into a very patriotic Hoosier. Her future education will probably be in the line of music. EARL TYLER Our base ball catcher” must claim our attention for a time. Earl Tyler, better known as ••Sprock” was bom near Hunting-ton. March .'1. 1886 His early life was sjH. nt in Illinois. He entered the schools here in 1898 and has continued his education here. Earl has not fully decided upon his future career, probably he will Ik an electrician. NELLE SWARTZ Nelle Swartz, the ••Athletic Girl was born in Garrett. Indiana, on January 2. 1885. With the exception of four years schooling in Garrett. her school career has been spent in this city. Her future is somewhat doubtful, but her present expectation is to enter some art institute. JAMES ALMACK James Aluiack. our long fellow was born on November 19. lws. . Like Lincoln, he was born in the typical log- cabin of our forefathers. He spent his early school years in the Pleasant Grove school, but later entered the city schools with Miss Maurer as teacher. He is now studying telegraphy with the Hig Four, and who knows, but that some time he may excel Marconi. Page Eleven ••AS YOU LI1 FKRN GRKKN FRANKK SWANK. Frankc Swank was born in North Manchester May 28. 1886. She has always attended the city schools and graduates thisspring. one of our best students. Franke has some high ideal which she will not reveal to the public, but it is to be hoped that it will be as pleasant as she wishes. Last but not least isour “verdant maiden Fern Greene. Hut Fern is just the contrary of her name. She was born in'this city July 7. 1886 and has passed the twelve years of her school career in the Central building. Fern will probably follow some useful profession. Pago Twolvo KE IT HAZEL LYNN In the little village of Belden, on July 23, 1886, our “class historian first saw the light of day. Hazel Lynn first attended school at No. 8. She entered the high school in 10O0 and graduates this year, feeling that she has done her best. Hazel's future is not yet decided: she may be a.school teacher or. perhaps, a fine housekeeper. FERN HORNADAY Fern Horuaday. a demure, little brunette was born April 14. 1886, east of Manchester. After attending various country schools, she entered the Manchester high school four years ago and finishes with well deserved praise. Fern says she will be a spinster school teacher —for a short time. •AS YOr L1KK IT. The Class of44Fifteen Naughty Fours. Hazel Lynn. It is with great pleasure that I introduce to you this remarkable class of Fifteeu Naughty Fours. and I am surely correct when I say remarkable. as I will now prove t you. Let us look at the composition of this class for a moment. It can boast of skilled musicians, artists of decided ability, budding scientists, aspiring school teachers and literary geniuses. I remember very well that September morning of eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, when lifty-fonr eager little Freshmen made their bow to the “First Year Room.” NVe chose red and black as our colors and were doing very well, wc thot. for Freshman. But lo and behold! Superintendent Hippensteele soon favored us with one of his “common sense talks and then all our brilliant plans suddenly shared the fate of all air-castles the class club was no more. During our Freshmen year, our youthful spirits were twice brought up against the hard realities of life. We lost two of our members by death. As Sophomore we numbered a round forty, and this forty was much braver than the fifty-four Freshmen had been just the year before. As Freshmen, we had been too timid to come boldly forth and attempt class organization. We naturally wanted to imitate our elders, the Juniors and Seniors, who held class meeting whenever they pleased. But our hopes were again dampened by our superintendent, and then wc were truly discouraged. However, we got his consent toward the last of school, an I organized. We chose Will Buzzard president of the class, and La Von Shaffer, vice president. But, perhaps, we best remember our second year by our.class picnic. It was the last week of school and as we had no examination one afternoon. Mr. Mippjusteel was kind enough to give its a half-day' holiday. We at once decided upon having a picnic. Although it was a rather cold day for such an amusement, and e | ecialh for ice-cream, we all had an enjoyable time. Hard work was the main feature of our Junior year. But it wa then that we proved ourselves students indeed. One hard lesson after another was mastered in Geometry. Physics, and Latin, and our history debates proved such a source of wonderful interest, that the teachers, superintendent. and all pupils would lay aside their work to listen to the Junior decide whether the death of Julius Caesar was justifiable or n t, and whether Henry IV of France was justified in changing his faith. Moreover, many visitors soon made their appearance, each one feeling that he might learn something from hearing the wise Juniors descant List year we were successful in holding class meetings whenever we chose. Class spirit ran high, and the boys, even more loyal then the girls procured caps with a neat little “04 on them. But. naturally, the Senior year is fresher iu our minds than any other. Each member i loyal to the blue and white, and is proud to say: “I am a Senior of '04. Indeed, so loyal are we. that we couldn't refam from writing ‘04 iu every crook and corner of the school room this winter, and. finally through rivalry, with the Juniors-, we decided that '01 would look pretty well on the standpipe. And then, to be sure, the flag of blue ami white wa hoisted on the schoolhousc by the ambitious Seniors. Now I must pass on to the time when we were eagerly waiting to give our “midwinter. ” We intended togi.e Shakespeare's Comedy. “As You Like It.” had our parts assigned, the time set. and half the play committed, when here came an emphatic “no from the school board. Then about fifteen little Seniors went around with “their hair standing on end. I have briefly told our ex|� crience in the High School for the past four years, and will leave it to my colleague to itcll what prospects await this brilliant class in the future. Pago Thirtoon •AS YOr MKK IT. Class 'Prophecy. La Von Shaffer. N-U Svv-rtz. -As a famous artist and piano manipulator.your future residence will beany old pi ice where there is power to be usurped. Of the immense fortune which you will have boarded up in your private treasury, after touching one year of country school, the world will receive a great share. For although you will accumulate a small fortune, it will be spent wherever fun can be bought, as in cooking clubs and base bull games. F-r-n H-o-n-dv. With your great fondness for books and thorough education, your immediate future will t e spent in some little country school house, where the best of order will always be maintained. Not even a prophet can pry farther into your future, but. perhaps, that is not necessary. as Fern, herself, has declared that she shall always be a spinster school teacher. G-r-g-e (l-r-l -r. As a renowned poet, you will even surpass your beloved Milton in the art of writing beautiful and touching poems. But it is not as a poet. George, that your life will live in the memory of ••your ancestors. butas an always busy (?), happy, good nattired fellow, looking about for fun and mischief. I-a McF-l-nd. As a student and as a woman of experience, your future is predicted to be a busy one. Your talents will lead you into a life.of various occupations, such as school teaching, portrait painting, and debating. But your latter life is destined to be spent in a quiet home of your own. F-n Gr-n-e. - Too quiet and modest to push your talents to the front, your future is a more or less doubtfml one. Your life will be a long and busy one and you will accomplish many things. You will spend most of your time in the little city of North Manchester. H-l-y T-l-in-ii. As a line tenor, your life iu the world will be taken up. to a considerable extent, in church choirs and choruses. The short time you spend in the country schools will not be wasted. Oh. no! lor with a strong affinity for girls, your early life will only prove to be a preparation for a later one of married bliss. Fr-uke Sw-nk. For some tune your futurew.il be spent as a book keeper. Active and intelligent. you will not waste much of your younger days in North Manchester, but will go where there are greater advantages and more society to be found. Ll-d M sh-r. With a strong affinity for books and a non-affinity lor the fairer sex, for von I foresee a future of remarkable brilliance. As a great mathematician, as a powerful lawgiver and executor, and a- a source of “cute remarks, you will make the world feel its insignificance when compared with you. Wherever your future home may be. you will bring.honor upon yourself and the class of C4. H-js-1 L-nu. As a critic, even of perfection, there is a busy journey in life ahead of you. You will accumulate vast wealth, and with a business woman's tact, you will use vour education to good advantage. Your future home will be a cottage in far off California. K-rl T-y-lr.—You will be found anywhere and everywhere within the boundaries of the L'uitcd States. In debating societies, upon the race track, and in street fairs, you will always carry the honors of the day. but your fame will come as the millionaire author of the famotfs. - Theory of Mistletoe. Fl-ic B-y-r. Your future will be one of comparative ease and comfort. You will win fame as a brilliant and accomplished concert-player and composer. Beginning with. Lake ton. you will finish your career later iu life in the city of Chicago. A-rlra 11-o-v-r,—You will pass a great deal of your life as a school teacher. Whatever course you may pursue later, you will accomplish your task with a conscientious effort, and possess, as a reward a good share of his world's filthy lucre. Cr-d-c C-lh-n.—As an athlete and lawyer, a brilliant career lies open before you. You maybe found iu base ball teams, athleticassociations, and among the “stags. You. also, will be much interested in the other sex. and will b.: greatly influenced by their wise council and charming manners. J-m Al-in-c,— You will have a prosperous future as a telegrapher. After learning your trade in the little Big Four box in North Mancnester. you will send messages from a large union station in some far away smoky city. L-Y-ii Sh-f-r.—If I could only predict a future foryou.it would be the most brilliant and remarkable in the world's annals, but alas! my power is limited and I can only say. “O. wad some pow’r the giftiegie us To see oursel's as ithers see us! Pago fourteen ••AS YOU LIKE IT. High School cAthletics ...Foot Ball... Foot Iwill practice began early in the season, but owing to the lack of interest, material, and the objection of the parents, the team was disbanded. We hope that, since the high school belongs to the state association, we will be able to put a bs� t ball team in the field next fall. ..Basket Ball... Karl Tyler Manager Credc II. Calhoun - - Captain TEAM: Center - - - Calhoun ’04 Right Forward - - - Alber ’n5 Right Guard Singer i5 Left Forward - - - Noftzger ’05 I .eft Guard - - - Gingcrick '06 Substitutes Haldcrman ’ 0 i Bonewitz ’07 ...‘Base ‘Ball... A. H. Symons - - - - Manager Joe Noftzger Assistant Manager Sam Noftzger Coach Catcher E. Tyler Pitcher - - - G. Replogle Shortstop J. Noftzger First Base II Purcell Second Base - - C. H. Calhoun Third Base - R. All er. Captain Left Field - J. Swank Center Field - - - - F. Gingerick Right Field - - - - R. Haines Substitute I). Craft Five To Three.” Credc H. C lhoun. The tardy l ell began to ring at the Darlington High School on a bright April morning, reminding the boys who were busily engaged in baseball practice of the graver tasks of the day — hardly of the day this time as school was to l� e dismissed in the afternoon on account of the base ball game between the High School and the College. Hoy Quinn, the little center fielder, called for one more fly. which he caught with ease and then ran hastily towards the school house. He rushed upstairs and was finally seated in the assembly room. All became quiet and attentive as the principal tapped his bell and called their attention to the following notice posted on the blackboard: NOTICK—BASE HALL! H. S. vsCOLLKC.K 2:30 P. M. Afterwards lie announced the dismissal of school in the afternoon and asked the members of the school to return at half past one in order to attend the game in a Inxly. At one o clock. Jack Raridan. the High School captain, dressed in his base ball suit, hastened across the school grounds, carrying a banner of Yale blue and old gold. He met Hugh Campbell, the leader of the rooters, armed with a large mega-phone and a still larger banner. ••Hello Hughy! Arc you ready? he shouted. ‘•My voice is certainly in prime condition for yelling. answered Hugh. Well, you want to give it to them hard. ••You can count on me. ••Here comes the rest of the crowd. Get your rooters lined up and I'll tend to the team. They marched to the college as follows: First the team, then the rooters and lastly the members of the Girls’ Athletic club. They hail just reached the college campus, when they heard: ••Lic-a-Lac-a-Li-Lac! Crc-Cri-Crum! Darlington College! Rum! Hum! Rum! After the High School was well settled on the bleachers, at the right side of the grounds, they sang out to the motion of Hugh’s pennant: ••Hic-Hac-Kic-o-Rack! Ric-ro-Rakc! Darlington High School, takes the cake! The College team was already warming up out on the diamond and their practice was good except that they seemed a little hurried. Hut as the men seemed worried and lacked confidence, the High School put up rather jss� r practice. The High School team kept its position on the field as the umpire walked into the center of the diamond and called: “Play Ball! Gardener, center field, was the first man up for the college. Joe Porter, pitcher for the High School stood calmly in the box. He was l are-licadcd with his long, black hair disordered by the wind, while his tall, lithe body reminded one of the native warriors «� f our western plains. He was a little wild at first and gave Gardener a base on balls. Next. Jones, the short stop, went out on an infield flv. Way hit for two bases and advanced Gardener to third base. Then Miller knocked a llv to center field which Basset hand- Pago Flftoon • AS YOU LIKE IT. led and doubled to Karidan, but lie failed to keep Gardener from scoring. Jack Randan, second baseman, came to bat first for the high school. He stood easily at the plate, and as the first ball, a wide out, came up. he did not even change his position. The second time he barely touched the ball so that it rolled slowly down the line toward third base. The pitcher and third baseman collided in fielding the ball and Karidan sprinted safely to first base. Big Will Parker came up second and fanned. Next. Quinn knocked an easy grounder to the lirst baseman. Then Harry Basset knocked a long fly. which the -enter fielder caught, retiring the side with Karidan on third. The College made two more scores in the second inning and shut the High School out until the sixth, when Karidan and Quinn both scored on Sexon's long hit. At the end of the eighth inning, the College was still one score ahead. It was the ninth inning and the last turn at bat for the College. The rooters centered all of their energies on Porter who pitched like mad. Marx came up and was retired with four throws. Davis knocked a swift grounder to the short stop and � as easily put out at first. Boyer was next and was hit by the ball, giving him lirst base. Then Williams made a safe hit and advanced Boyer to third. Brown came to the plate. The College rooters called for a home run. He hit the first ball and knocked a liner, that all tliot was going over the head of the short stop, but Smith jumped and made a one handed catch, retiring the side without their scoring. The rooters continued to cheer Smith when he came to bat. Long, the College pitcher, seemed a little nervous and the first two balls went wide but George reached over and knocked a swift bounder between second and first base. Connor was excited and tried to hit too hard and consequently fanned. Smith tried to steal second, but was put out. Next came Karidan. The rooters cheered and encouraged him. He struck hard at the first bail, then knocked a long foul, but at last bunted and ran it out easily. Will Parker came to bat while the rooters were deadly silent, because Will had already chopped out twice. Long delivered a slow ball. Parker swung fiercely on it but only fouled. The second ball came like the wind but Will swung squarely on it. The bat cracked like a “K,rag-Jorgenson . Cen-terfieldcr Way knew what that meant and started to run. but the ball flew safely over his head. The rooters held their breath until they saw that the hit was good and then the roar that burst forth was like the boom of a thirteen inch cannon. They cheered until Parker slid safely home, winning th-: game by one score. Miss Lonn (in Junior debate) ••Thurle, whose s de are you going to take? Thurle—“I'll take Elizabeth’s. Naturally Student (in Vergil) “Three times he strove to cast his arms about her neck-----prof; That's as far as I got. Professor -“Excused, that was quite far enough. Ex. Harley (in history) “The southerners objected to the tariff. Miss Lonn (in Junior history) “Name marriage alliances made by Henry VII for his children. Osborn Garber “I)o you mean the marriage licenses made for his children? Field Day. 50 yard dash—1. Calhoun: 2, Haines; 3, Gingcr-erick. Time 5 seconds Half mile run--1. Hnldermau: 2. Garber. Time 2:26J. Shot Put—I, Garber: 2. Haines: 3. Calhoun. Distance 30 feet 10 inches. Running Broad Jump—1. Haines: 2. Miller. Distance 17 feet 5 inches. One Mile Run—1. Halderman: 2. Goshorn. Time 6:53?. 100 Yard Dash- 1, Calhoun: 2 Haines; 3. Ging crick. Time 10| seconds. Standing Broad Jump 1. Replogle: 2. Haines, Gingerick; 3, Alber. Distance 9 feet 4 inches. High Jump—1, Replogle: 2. Halderman. Heighth 4 teet 8 inches. 220 Yard Dash—1. Calhoun: 2. Haines; 3, Gingerick. Time 301 seconds. 440 Yard Run 1. Halderman; Alber. Time 1 minute 1} seconds. Half Mile Bicycle 1, Maurer: 2, Swank. Time 1:42. Base Ball Throw—1. Replogle: 2. Haines, Gingerick: 3. Alber. Distance 264J. 220 Yard Bicycle—1, Maurer: 2. Swank: 3. Garber. Time 311 seconds. One Mile Bicycle I. Swank: 2. Tillman. Time 4:53. Wanted—A course in spelling.—Crede Calhoun. George Garber certainly has the original grin that won't come off. Pago Sixteen •• AS YOU LIKB IT - cA cMixture of Seniors. Harley Hillman. j S stands for Shaffer, So cute and neat. C stands for Calhoun. Tlie renewed athelete. T stands for Tyler. A self important shaver. M stands for Mishlcr. A famous poultry-raiser. • H stands for Hornaday, Who has a timid way. S stands for Swank. She giggles all the day. II stands for Hoover. Without one “condition. B stands for Boyer. Our greatest musician. A stands for Almack. The father of his class. T stands for Tillman, He never fails to pass. M stands lor McFarland. She studies day and night. S stands for Swartz. What of her? Out of sight. G stands for Greene. A senior serene. (� stands for Garber. I)i l you ever see linn grin? L stands for Lynn. Does she still think of him? All the letters at a time. Completely fail to make a rhyme. Hut there’s one thing not amiss. That they surely stand for this: Senior Class of The Manchester High School Has Been Among The Most Successful Grades Graduated Lately. Pape Seventeen •• AS YOl UKK IT. Callander for March. Mar. 1.— Supt. Miller locks the office door without having it entirely closed. Miss Cox talks in chapel u motor-maniacs. Seuior arithmetic jumps recitation. Mar. 2.—Base ball candidates work out on the school grounds. Juniors don there red and vellow class caps. Nolle and La Von bring excuses from Charles Snorf and Lew VanAlatync. their guardians. Mar. 3. —Senior English examination, only fourteen questions. The Sophomores put in most of day giggling as usual. Nolle Swartz braids Harley Tillman's hair in German. Mar. 4.—Joe Noftzgcr translates three whole lines of Vergil. The strong men parcticc at the shot on school grounds. Tyler and Keplogle the battery—work out. Mar. 7. -German IV and History IV change places on the program. Ina McFarland is called to door by a young man. she blushingly responds. Mishler gets his hair cut. Mar. 8. — Nelle and La Von are tardy again. Class caps are in evidence. Mar. °. Credo comen to school with a bright red necktie. Mishler talks for thirty minutes in History and finally admits that he does not know what he is talking about. Mar. 10. - Sprock. Jarvis and Ixivin begin to grow mustache-- Tyler and Calhoun visit T. H. S. Calhoun makes a speech. Mar. 11.—Discussion of boat technics in Vergil recitation. Class gets pointers. Mar. 14. Everybody sleepy or sn nvc I under. Big rush for Cave Dwellers in evening. Mar. 15. Athclctic Association clears $1.25 on ••Cave and Cliff Dweller-. ” Miss I,onn assures the Juniors that the dictionary is harmless. Mar. 16.—Chorus class practicing for commencement. Nell has a very serious accident on the way to school. Call for Senior class meeting. Mar. 17. Boys all come to school with a yard of green cheese-cloth ar � an 1 their necks Mar. IS. Kindergarten party. Joe fails in Vergil. Carrie II. sent home to sleep. Several dignified Seniors play game with dots, at noon. Crcdc amuses himself playing with a little white string. Mar. 21.- Lovin's withdraws from the Shnurbart club Sprock and Jarvis nourish theirs. Mar. 22.- Ina. Hazel and Audra form “Old Maids Club. Sprock sacrifices his mustache for ••sjissietits sake. Mar. 2d. Bov- practicing for base ball. Sy-monsmarches Smart Juniors in and out of the recitation room six times just for fun. Mar. 24.—Certain member- of the H. S. play-hook and attend country school's closing dinner. Call for volunteer- to help repair base bull diamond. everybody gets sick. Mar. 25.- Blue Friday. Several out last night. Mar. 28.—Supt. Miller gives talk on the ••Hookey players. Base ball diamond repairs postponed. Nora Hare walking with dignity suddenly looses it by falling down before the whole school. Mar. 2’ . Miss Loan rushes to chapel with her collar hanging down her back, and excuses it with: accidents will happen to the best ol people.” Girl- request aid in repairing Basket Ball court. Janitor too lame. Boys say Charity begins at home. Mar. 50.—Base ball team expects to play a game with the college but were not able to do so on account of rain. Mar. 51. Base Ball game Kain. Three girls perfer to be boy- and dress accordingly and make a raid over town. Songs Popular in High School. La Von Shaffer. La Von Shaffer—-Bill Bailey won’t you please come home. Harley Tillman On Billow- Kocking. George Garber— Her bright smile haunts me still. Nelle Swartz When the lights arc way down low. Carrie Harding GihkI Morning Carrie E. Tyler— I'll be there. I'll be there. Mary-dear. Don Craft I'm tired.” Ina McFarland— Please let me sleep. Vernon Maurer Absence makes the heart grow fonder.” Joe Noftzgcr If money talk-, it aint on speaking terms with me. Jennie Boyer— Just kiss yourself good bve. L. Mishler Back to the woods.” Jim Almack Kip Van Winkle was a lucky man. Opal Hidy- Josephus, my Joe. Lesh Forest—“Wait” Jes-ie Swank When the harvest days are over Jessie dear. T. Little— Forgotten. Page Eighteen •AS von 1,1 KK IT. Wanted Something that money won't buy. Nora Hare. 1 . S.—Wonder what it in? George Garber (in Virgil) 4,Our ancestors will remember this happy day in the future. Harley Tillman was thrown out of the Schnurrbart Club for shaving off his spinachc. He had a date for Sunday, and was afraid the stubby little bristles on his upper lip. would interfere with certain plans he had for this occasion. “Lovins old weakness still clings to him. Thurle Little—“Have you a bid? Bright Girl—“Are you for sale? During the high water this spring. Lloyd got his feet wet for the first time since his freshman year. Ina “I don’t remember how they did in the Civil War. Jim Almac(in Virgil) “He saw three deers wandering on the shore. Miss Lonn —In prose we don't say. “I but generally think more of the “I. Society Note Thurl Little entertained the “kindergarteners at his home in honor of his birthday. Nicely cut pictures, building blocks, and pretty colored splints were furnished as amusements. The children all report a line tune. La Von, (in Virgil) “Then Mcnctus sat on the rocks and spit up salty waves. Claire Wright trying to say Pan-American in German: “Pfaune Amerikana.” ♦ ...GRINDS... j ♦ ♦ Harley (in History) “Columbus struck land.” Professor—“Did lie knock off a piece? Karl “I thought Aeneas married Dido. Miss B. -“No. a disappointment. Karl—“The lobster. There’s a chance for you. George, Miss Lonn. frightened by a flash of lightening. almost juui|xd out of her seat, and on account of the contusion does not hear what a student says, asked: “What, did you jump. Karl? Fern Ilornaday (in German) translating Kr sail einen sehr spitzigen Schnurrbart (mustache) “He saw a very pointed spear. Lovins (in German) “I shall be loved.” Student (in back of room) “Very doubtful. Bessie Fox (in Virgil) “The ships sail on. and neither is there any land visible on the sea or in the sky. Nelle. translating Alle die Katsherren (coun-cilmett) vcrsammelt: “All of the rats came to- gether. Miss B.—“He was the daughter of Trojan parents In drawing Miss I nin. (feeling leg of poser) “Where is your knee. George? Miss I,onn (in Knglish) “Just make a mental note of this point. Student “I’ve lost my mental note lx ok. Thurle (in History) “Is Burgundy at the same place now that it was in the 15th century? Miss Lonn -“Yes. it docs not get up and walk? Mr. Simons -“Jennie, you may describe another kind of galvanometer. Jennie—“Another kind is Asiatic. Mr. Simons—“You mean astatic. Miss Loan (markiug around poser's foot) “Let me place your feet where you won’t lose them. After explaining Wheatstone bridge. Mr. S. asks: “Ik you sec this. Kay? Albcr (looking blankly at the bridge) “Yes sir! Mr. Miller—“James what is the next topic?” James—“The Tariff of Abdominations. Bess.e (reading Virgil) “Paris ran off with the •Greece’ and married Helen. Flossie Boyer (talking about the underground railway) “Well. I don’t kuow how they did it, but they took them from one state to the other under the ground. Osborn Garber (on St. Patrick's Day) “Wliat s everybody wearing green for? Do they always do that on St. Patrick's Day? Vernon Maurer, (in history) “Mary had gave her right to the throne to Klixabeth. Miss Lonn “Correct your grammar. Vernon. Vernon -“Mary bad promised. Paso Nineteen •AS Yor LIKE IT. Some 'Themes of the Seniors oMarcus cA. Hanna. Harley Tillman. Marcus A. Hanna, one of the greatest political geuiuMs of the twentieth century has gained fame, not only for himself, but alt o as the recognized power behind the throne of one of our most popular presidents. Mr. Hanna was born at Libs n. Columbian i county, Ohio, September 21. 1837. Very little is known of his early education, beyond the mere fact that he attended the common schools of lus native town. To those familiar with Senator Hanna's wide range of reading, and his power of logical th � t and eloquent cx.irc+sio.i the brief period of his formal education will be a surprise. He spent two terms at the Western Reserve Academy, where he received his great ideas, an I laid the foundation for his later work. In l'XHl. Kenyon College confered upon him the 110nary degree of L. L. I). On September 27. 18S4. lie married Augusta, daughter of l aniel 1 . Rhodes, of Cleveland. The marriage proved in all respects, a happy one. The grief caused bv Mr. Hanna's death, was the first one that the family have experienced. Mr. Hanna became an employe and. later, a partner in the Rhodes Wholesale House. And still later, he embarked in the coal and iron industry, and became a director of the Globe Ship Manufacturing Comjiany. He also rose to be the head of the M A. Hanna Coal Company: president of the Union National Hank: president of the Chapin Mining Company, of Lake Superior: and president of the Cleveland City Railway Company. Mr. Hanna wan one of the first to recognize the importance of bringing iron ore. and coal together. Many thousands of dollars are now saved annually in the production of this material, mainly thru the ingenuity, the enterprise, and the persistence of Mr. Hanna. Some l eople have said, that in his relations to labor, he has never had a scrik. This is n strictly true, for as an employer. Mr. Hanna encountered several strike- 11 wovcr. these strikes were not very important and he always went as tar as the utmost stretching of justice would permit in settling them. He believed thoroly in the most amicable relations between labor and capital as tending to their mutual advantages, and to the upbuilding of the entire community. Alt ho Mr. Hanna's schooling was very brief, he always entertained a sense of gratitude for what lie diJ recc vc and a keen interest in school matters. His earnest and hearty support was always given to the American school system. He encouraged young men to acquire all the book-learning |H� ssible. and. whatever their occupation in life, to keep up a regular course of reading and study. His first public office was that of membership on the Board of Education of Cleveland. Senator Hanna was, at all times, interested in jmlitics. Long before his name Inrcameconspicuous in the politicia! world, he was an active member at all primary elections, lie considered it hi- duty, to take an interest in public questions and to share in their settlement. The first presidential campaign in which Mr. Hanna took an active part was that 1880. when Garfield was the republican nominee. In that year, together with several other business men. lie organized the Business Men's League, which proved to be a great factor in the clcctiou of Garfield. This experience gave him his first appreciation of the power that could be wielded in politics, by a systematic organization of the business interests of the country. In 1884 and 1838. lie was a delegate to the National Convention. In 18 2. in the Convention at Minneapolis, he realized that William McKinley was rising and rapidly gaining the confidence of the people. He then centered all interest in the work for McKinley. His influence in the latter's election in 18%, cannot t.c over estimated. It is well known that Mr. McKinley tendered him a position in his first cabinet, and that he declined. It is equally well known, that the president urged him to become a candidate for the Senate, in order to till the vacaucy. caused bv the selection of Senator Sherman for the post o: Secretary of State. When lie accepted this ap| ointment. lie had no intention of running for a full term, but such an effort was made in 18 17 by John R. McLean, a Democrat, that he had to do s.� . in order to keep hi- seat. In this election he received the approval of eighty-three, out of eighty-eight counties of the state. He won the battle by his remarkably good speeches. Mr. Hanna realized that no man could lie successful. unless he worked. He always labored hard from the time that he worked Whiud the counter until his death. His associates in the Page Twenty •• AS YOU LIKK IT Senate learned t know that lie never proposed to undertake anything in public affairs except from patriotic motives. If lie advocated a particular piece of legislation, it was from conviction. As a man. Mr. Hanna was kindliearted, sympathetic, genial in manner, and earnestly desirous of helping those who were willing to help themselves His friends in Cleveland have testified to the fact that no deserving jiorson ever appealed to him in vain. The assassination of President McKinley at Buffalo was a severe blow to Senator Hanna. It was remarked by those who saw him at the funeral that he had aged years during the few days following the shooting of his lifelong friend. Following the death of the President, Mr. llanna took up the work of the Civic Federation, devoting much time, energy and money to the betterment oi civic conditions, especially in so far as they were affected by the relations ol capital and labor. As the harmonious relations ot Mr. Hanna and his employes, for many years, became more fully known, they added to the influences. working in his behalf, until it is safe to say, that no man occupied so high a position in the regard of union labor, as did Mr. Hanna. Politics, especially that of his own state, occupied much of his attention, as before, and he fully manifested his strength in the State Campaign of 1903. when lie spoke for Colonel Herrick. He was considered the most successful speaker sent out in the state, especially in the manufacturing centers, ami the majority for Herrick was unprecedented. Mr. Hanna, altlio he made but few speeches in the Senate, was always ready in a sros-� tire deflate, and was an industrious and effective committee worker Mr. Hanna's death occurred February 15, 1904. Death came painlessly, and so quietly that even the watchers did not know he was going. It has been likened to the fluttering out of a candle. He did not regain conciousuess. and he passed away without a murmur. During the la t two weeks, in the opinion of some of the doctors, there was no chance of recovery. The burial took place on February 18. from lii home in Cleveland. The death of Senator Hanna was a severe blow to bis party. Political lenders, on both sides, realize the probable effect of his death. They have agreed that his death, coming as it does, at the opening of a Presidential Campaign, and probably followed by a hitter factionral light in his home state, may have an extraordinary effect ujx 11 the next election. It is evident that no one. in the Republican ranks, can tak: his place and make a success, lie has had experience and had an extraordinary influence, especially in raising campaign funds. It is feared that the labor men will stray from the party. He handled the labor end of the campaign himself, and but few others undcrsto.nl the means he adopted to achieve his ends. The whole nation mourn- th death of Mr. Hanna. Leaders of both parties realize the loss. Senator llanna was the soul of honor, candor and open dealing. Instead of being as some liked to consider him. a cerator of trusts, he was one of the most powerful champion % of laboring people that the country has ever known. He believed in his party. Joseph � . Cannon said. “As a business men. political manager and legislator, combining these qualifications, which distinguished men m each of these groups. Mr. Hanna was the most peaceful citizen of the United States. Radium Georgt Garber. In the ancient times chemists were ontinually trying to change the grosser metals into gold. Tins preliminary study of chemistry is known as Alchemy. It seems that the belief of the Alchemists i . being justified by the discovery of “Radium. Up until a year ago the atom was considered the smallest division of matter. Now the hypothesis is that the atoms themselves consist of a constellation of negative and positive electrons. This is. however, not fully proved, and it is certainly curious that no individual electron has yet been found in the free state. But let us turn our attention to the causes which brot about these effects. A Frenchman, by the name of Bequcrcl. who was a scientist and photographer, had some plates t.� finish. He wrapped these undeveloped negatives in paper which was impervious to light and placed them in a drawer which also excluded all light. When he went to get the negatives in a few days to develop them, he found that they had been affected. As there was some salt of uranium in the drawer at the ti n. tint the negatives were lying there. Bequercl at on:ethot th it the salt was the cause of the effect on the plate . Upon experimenting with the salt on some negatives, he found that the silt alone would not effect them. He then analyze 1 the salt and found a substance of strange properties but did not know what it was. Bequcrcl turue 1 his experiment over to Madame Sklowatnki. who wa aided by her husband. They decided that this salt could be analyzed from pitchblende. They obtained several tons of the pitchblende, which in found only in Colorado, Bohemia, and Saxony, and discovered that when Pago Twenty-One “ AS YOU LIKB IT. the salt of uranium was extracted, only a few grains of the unknown material remained. This unknown material they called “Radium from its influence on other elements and compounds. According to the Lancet method, operations for the extraction arc commenced by crushing the pitchblende and then roasting the powder with carbonate of soda After this compound is washed, the residue is treated with d lute sulphuric acid; then the sulphates are converted into carbonates by boiliug with carbonate of so la. The residue contains radium sulphate, which is an exceedingly insoluble salt. The soluble sulphates are washed out and the residue or insoluble portion is easily acted upon by hydrochloric acid, which takes out, among other things, polonium and actinium. Radium sulphate remains unattacked. associated with barium sulphate. The sulphates are then converted into carbonates by treatment with a strong boiling solution of car-bonate of soda. The carbonates of barium and radium are next dissolved in hydrochloric acid and reprecipitated as sulphates by means f sulphuric acid. The sulphates are further purified and ultimately converted into chloids, until ab mt fifteen pounds of barium and radium cliloid are obtained by acting upon one ton .of crushed pitchblende. Only a small fraction of this mixture is pure radium chloride, which is finally separated from barium chloride by cystallization. the crystals from the most radioactivcof the solutions being selected. In this way the crystals ultimately obtained arc relatively pure radium cliloid of a very high degree of radioactivity. It was only last March that eminent men of science refused to jioccpt the statement, so irreconcilable to scientific experience, that radium possesses the property of maintaining a tempera- ture at a point three degrees higher than that of its surroundings. But the fact that in addition to the marvelous radio-active properties already described, radium has this unique power of the emission of heat, has been established beyond doubt. Strenuous efforts have been made to ol� -tain accurate measurements of this heat production and to determine the effects of external conditions in promoting and retarding it. Professor Curie found that its heat emission remains unchanged thru a wide range of temperature, there being no perceptible variation at the temperature of a summer day. or that of liquid air: but if a downward stride is taken from the temperature of liquid air to that of liquid hydrogen, radium shows that it is not unaffected by the external temperature. But the amazing tiling about radium is the fact that the change in the rate of the emission of heat within the comparatvely short distauce of absolute zero is m exactly the opposite direction from that which might be expected in view of the effect of low temperatures on ordinary chemical action, for at the temperature of liquid hydrogen the heat emission of radium, instead of being reduced is augmented, in simple linguage. the substance which does not change its heat at all temperatures, from that of an ordinary room to that of liquid air. gives out its greatest h.at when subjected to the greatest cold that scientists have yet reached. These experiments with liquid hydrogen have led to the curious discovery that freshly prepared salt of radium has a comparatively feeble power to give off heat at all temperatures; but the power steadily increases for about a month when it reaches its maximum activity, which it retains a •parentlv indefinitely. Radium emits with great intensity all of the different rays that are produced in a vacuum tube. The radiation, measured by means of an electroscope is at least a million times more powerful than that from ail equal quantity of uranium. A charged electroscope placed at a distance of several meters can be discharged by a few centigrams of a radium salt. It seems that radium is not content with giving a-rays, b-rays and v-rays; but it also gives off a heavy gas. When this gas is collected in a glass vacuum tube and sealed off. spectrum analysis indicates that it changes in the course of some days from radium to helium. The rate of emanation lias been calculated to be such as would convert radium entirely into helium in the course of two millions of years, if helium lie the only substance thrown off. The old Alchemists sought vainly to convert one metal into another. The recent conclusion of physicists that atoms of substances are complex structures, of which ions arc the component parts, lias paved the way for the revived belief that matter is evanescent in type, and that it is capable of being changed from one substance to another It now seems as tho radium may be one of those forms of matter which exist in a condition of ionic or subatomic instability, and that radium may be the means by which the atoms of one element can be changed in such a manner as to form an entirely different substance. Radium is not much used in the chemical laboratory but mostly in medical treatments. Cancer. the most dreaded and fatal of diseases is succumbing under the radium treatment, the concentrated sun's rays. Physicians are experimenting by outward application « f the radium and. after preparing the body inwardly, are administering Page Twenty-Two •• AS YOU UK ft IT ' fluorescent thuds, which under action of the radium, lloo l the ImxIt with sunshine. By the discovery of radium a new field of chemistry has been opened, altho there were many before its discovery. If the experiments of trying to turn foreign substances into gold a'-e succesful, gold will be cons.derably depreciated in value. Thus it is seen how little men know of their surroundings, For over two thousand of years men have been experimenting and looking into the earth's crust, seeking for what ever they may find. Such a thing as radium seems very comprehensible at this day and age of the world, but had a man advanced a theory fifty years ago that there were elements in the sun's rays, he would have been scorned and confined in an insane asylum. Altho. we are today, much farther advance I along all lines of education, yet there is still room for discovery for the ambitious scientist and a place on top of the building called “Success. Th ? ‘Poultry Industry. Lloyd Mishler. Iii tliis age of science there is. probably, nothing which has occasioned more scientific research or in return received more benefit from systematic investigations than the poultry industry. In the early part of the past century poultry culture was receiving some special attention in Western Kuropc. but it was not until the early fifties that ••henfever rose to an abnormal temperature iii this country. The excitement wasdue to the introduction of the varieties known as the Brahma and the Bolton Grey. A great utility breed had long been desired and now they seem to have, for the Brahmi fowls were large and a single hen of this variety established at that time the unparalleled record of laying 313 eggs in 333 consecutive days. Gradually other breeds were imported among which were the so-called -‘full feathered Cochins. Although the Brahma had no more use for those extra feathers than it would have for a fifth toe. breeders were crazed with ••full-feathered idea, aud the fowl had to accept it. Consequently, the egg production of the Brahmas received a blow from which it has never recovered. At this early date not a single paper devoted exclusively to the poultry business was published and such a thing as a poultry show was practically unknown. A little later two such shows were held in Boston, one in the Fitchburg Railroad Station, and the other in a large tent on Boston Common While these early shows paved the way for the growth of the poultry industry. they were detrimental in that they created a tendency to sacrifice other good points lor general outside appearance. In viewing the poultry industry of today one cannot help but notice the development and importance of the literature upon this subject. Today. more practical publications are devoted to this field than to all other live stock interests combined, and there are enough books upon this subject alone to form a respectable library. These papers are full of practical science and have enabled m my person to double tli« ir incomes. Alter the Civil War there was increased interest in thoroughbred fowls, and shows came to be regularly held During the past winter between three and four hundred shows for poultry alone, in some of which from three or four thousand of the finest birds in world were displayed, claimed the interest of the raizers. These not only aid in the perfection of the fowl in all parts but also are a great advertising medium. The attendance of the public by the thousaiidsattcsts the popular interest in these great poultry exhibitions, while the intelligent discussion both of the good points of the prize winners and of the special merits of the different varieties gives evidence of the rapid growth of poultry culture in popular favor. One thing which has interested the people more than anything else is the fact that poultry-men are breeding not only for fancy points but also for utility. The small varitics, which arc usually considered the most prolific fowls, have had their production of meat greatly increased by careful selection in mating. Meanwhile the production of eggs of the larger breeds lias been increased in the same manner. Although scientific theories have failed so far to aid the hen in laying cither a double egg or two eggs per day. scientific feeding has enabled her to do a great deal of her laying during the winter while eggs are commanding the highest prices. New ftiiglaud is considered the hotbed of the poultry industry. Although the New ftnglandcr always liked gardening, he neither liked the idea of being a strict ••vegetarian nor was he able to raise cattle aud hogs as his western cousiu did. because he had to confine himself to intensive rather than to extensive farming. Then he tried chickens. They needed only a small range. Large cities and. consequently, good markets were near. The result was that the New ftng-land man doubled bis money in a short time, and the poultry industry was firmly established in that part of the United States. One great aid to New ftugland a well as to the whole country lias been the establishment of poultry departments in connection with the gov- Pago Twenty-Throe • AS YOU LIKK IT. ” crnmontal experiment stations. Rhode Inland was the first to establish a poultry yard for experimental purposes. The success of the movement is shown from the fact that now the national government and nearly two-thirds of the state stations are considering the poultry industry. Reports of station works have been freely distributed and have been great factors in making Iowa and Ohio the greatest egg producing state in the union. A few years ago farmers gave very little attention to chickens and as one farmer said. • I always considered the “pesky hen” as merely something that one raised from force of habit and never believed that there was any amount of profit in a flock of chickens.” And no wonder! If a person might have taken a peep into this man's back yard he would have seen that his fowls were a mixture of nearly all known varieties.of the past three centuries. But many farmers knew that such “mongrels” yield ed a small profit and reasoned that thoroughbred stock, not necessarily fancy, would yield more. They got a start of special variety and made it a huge success. They cared for them and found out that it cost no more to keep good stock than poor fowls. They received better prices because their produce came up to the market requirements for uniformity in color, shape, size, and flavor of ls� th eggs and fowls. The poultry industry of today is a close rival in actual valuation with other industries, and statistics show that money invested in poultry multiplies much more rapidly than if invested in any other live stock. The causes of the growth and relative importance of this business are many. Besides those already given, may be mentioned the adoption of a standard, whereby each poultryinan may have a definite idea of what they are working for. Knowledge of the laws of scientific feeding has enabled poultry men to feed for meat, plumage, etc. with no waste of material and with less expense, while the good quality of easily manipulated tools saves much time and labor. The tendency of the people to concentrate in large cities has increased the demand for poultry produce, and the numerous car-lines permit of quick transportation from the farms to these centers. Legislation lias also affected the demand for poultry. The oleo-m irgarine law increased the price for pure butter, and consumers have found chicken and gravy a good cheap substitute. The pure food laws in general have lessened the supply of good meat. As the cattle industry of the northwest is curtailed for lack of range, there is a call for smaller meats, but the wild game and fowls are nearly gone and the tish supply is diminishing. Thus we see that the secret of the success of the poultry industry lies in the fact that the supply and demand have increased hand in hand. A few years ago remarks were heard that the poultry business would Ik overdone but time has proved the opposite. Its extent in the future can ouly Ik judged by its growth in the past twenty years. The industry is really only in its formative period, but strong minded men are taking interest in it and a prosperous future is already assured. Teacher (In Geometry)— How many sides has a circle?” Student— Two. Teacher - What are they? Student— Outside and Inside. oMirabeau. Frankt S)t Ank. Mirabeau, that transcendent character of the French Revolution, was oue of the greatest statesmen and orators that France ever produced. He was born at Bignon, near Nemowes on March 9th. He belonged to a noble family of Italian descent. His father. Marquis Mirabeau. was a man of liberal sentiments, not unknown to literary fame. He was very cruel to his son. however, and is said to have had a strong dislike for him. Mirabeau, was not a learned man but he made live of the learning of others and made it burn with the originality of his own powerful genius. During his school days he was carefree and tliot-less, doing only what had to be done and letting the rest go. His early education was conducted bv Lachabeaussierc, who placed him at ••pension militarie” at Paris. If Mirabeau was ambitious in his youth, it was for a successful military career. Just after he left school, he received a commission in the cavalry regiment of the Marquis dc Lambert, which his grandfather had commanded years lK fore. Later, he obtained leave to accompany as a volunteer. the French expedition which was to effect the reduction of Corsica. The conquest was one of sheer numerical strength, for the whole population was on the side of Poli. Mirabeau. per-cciving the value of public opinion is said to have written a treatise on the oppression which the Genoese had formerly exercised over the island. The government was ready to publish the pamphlet had not the Marquis de Mirabeau seen lit to destroy it because of its divergence from his own political views. Mirabeau was made captain of Pago Twonty-Four •• AS VOL' LI KB IT. dragoon for his services in Corsica. His married life is a complex affair over which we would like to draw a veil. He was remarkable. if for no other reason than that no woman was able to resist his marvelous fascination. This seems strange, for he was as ugly as Wilkes and his face was hideously marked by smallpox. When he was in the cavalry he succeeded in winning the heart of the lady to whom his colonel was attached, a fact which led to such scandal that his father had him imprisoned. After being released from this imprisonment, to please his father he married a rich heiress. He quarrelled so much with her that his father again ordered him into exile. It would have been better if he had been kept in close confinement while here, for at this time began the most disgraceful part of his life. He met Marie Thcrese de Monnier. his ••Sophie as he called her. a married woman for whom he conceived a violent passion. The affair ended in his escaping to Switzerland where she immediately followed him on her own accord. Our hero was condemned to death for this aff.iir altho he was in no way to blame. He was seized and imprisoned by the French | lice in the castle of Vincennes where he was kept three and one-half years. With his release from Vincennes begins the second period of Mirabeau's life He found that his ••Sophie was an uncouth, uneducated woman, who had speedily consoled her- If after his departure with an officer of low rank. The sentence of death was still hanging over Mirabeau's head but by the aid of his eloquence he soon procured the repeal of the sentence. Now ! cgan his connection with Madame de Nelvia. a woman much more refined and educated that “Sophie. who sweetened the later years of his life. Altho Mirabeau's fame does not rest upon his literary work, his writings will always be kept and prized highly by the French people. Many of his best efforts were written during his different imprisonments. His first political work, written during his imprisonment at Vincennes, Letters de Catchct on French constitutional history showed that an existing actual grievance was not only philosophically unjust but constitutionally illegal. It was as an orator that Mirabcau takes one of the highest places that history can accord. His eloquence was transcendent when made vivid by his facial expressions. He knew how to move men. for he understood human nature, llis voice was full, manly and sonorous and pleased the car; always powerful and yet flexible, it could be heard as distinctly when he lowered it as when he raised it. When Mirabeau heard of the king's determination to assemble a States General, it became, of course, an object of ambition to him to have a seat in this ilIustruousassembly. He offered at once to assist at the preliminary conference of the noblesse of his district. They defeated him. Mirabcau was not, however, to be defeated. He renounced his rank, became a plebian. solicited the votes of the people, and was elected a deputy both from Marseilles and from Aix. He chose to represent tile latter place. He became, at once, the leader of the States General, because lie always knew his own mind and was prompt in emergencies. To him is attributed the successful consolidation of the National Assembly and the address to the king for the withdrawal of the troops assembled by l� e Broglie When the messenger from the king came to the Assembly with a message that they join the other orders. Mira- l eau answered in his voice of thunder: “We are here by the command of the people and will only disperse by the force of bayonets.” His success from that moment was assured; until his death he was the leader of the Assembly. The Assembly wasted days in useless and foolish debates. Mirabeau remonstrated with them and urged them to spend their time in working for the good of all the citizens. On the ever memorable night of August 4th. when the Assembly decreed the total abolition of feudalism. Mirabcau was not present. When he learned of it there was not a more outraged man in all France. He stigmatized it as an orgy, giving the people theoretical liberty while not assisting them to practical freedom; overthrowing the old regime before a new one could ! c established. No man in France had such clear insight and sagacity. He showed his remarkable forsight when he attacked the dilatory behavior of the Assembly, which led to the catastrophes of October 5th and 6th. He implored the Assembly to strike while the iron was hot. But the Assembly consisted of men inexperienced in practical politics, who wanted to draw up an ideal constitution in imitation of our American constitution and who wasted their time in discussing in what words it should bo expressed, while th country was in a state of starvation and anarchy. Mirabeau was in favor of a government which should be both popular and strong. lie wished to retain the kingdom but desired a constitutional monarchy like that of Kngland. He was very hostile to all feudal institutions and he did not seek to have any of them restored. It was the abolition of feudal privileges which was really the permanent bequest of the French revolution. Mirabeau, altho extravagant himself, doubtless Pago Twenty-Five •• AS YOU LIKK IT. ’ loathed the excesses ot the revolution. Now the all absorbing question wa� —“Money. The national credit wa gone and no more money could be raised by taxation. No man in France had Huch a horror of bankruptcy as Mirabcau and his eloquence was never more convincing nor commanding but it achieved nothing. Finally. Talleyrand. an unscrupulous priest, suggested that the nation confiscate tjie church. Mirabcau was opposed to this, hut the Assembly such was the urgent need of money decreed that the church property should be put at the disposal of the state. This did not do the good that it was expected to do. At this time. April 2nd. 1701. Mira beau died, worn out with labors and passions, weakened by his youthful follies and perhaps, as some claim, by poison. The grief with which the Assembly received the news of his death was shared by the whole of France. Mirabcau regretted his early life for he said that he felt that he alone could save France from the distrust of her monarch and the catastrophe. When Mirabcau entered the Assembly, he was mistrusted, feared and despised by the majority of people, for his moral character was bad. Hut he was kind hearted, generous, made friends and used them till nearly all respected and loved him. Nearly all of the earlier writers aiul also the writers of the present day say that Mirabcau. had lie lived, could have prevented the dreadful outrage. The Panama Canal Audn Hoover. The first conception of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama is almost concident with Balboa's discovery of the Pacific Ocean in 1513. Since 1820 that idea has been assuming definite form and actual work has been done on a canal between Panama and Colon. As early as 1555 we find the navigators propounding the question of a short route to India and the western coast of America, by digging a canal somewhere across the narrow neck of land which joins North and South America. The canal question was one of the subjects proposed for discussion hi Clay's instructions to our representatives to the Panama Congress of 1826. This was the first definite step taken by the United States. Clay did not propose to give the benefits exclusively to the United States but toall nations on condition that they lend their aid to the construction of the canal. Hut our commissioners never reached the Congress and the project was not. therefore, raised. Other early efforts were put forth for the construction of a canal not alone by the government of the United States but by other nations, in 1828 jBolivar, president of Colombia, put forth efforts to construct a roadway between the two oceans. And in 182 ), the king of the Netherlands secured arrangements with Central America for a private company for the cutting of a canal, opened on the same terms to all nations. Tiie congress of the United States began to act on the question again in 1835. taking active measures. The senate adopted a resolution requesting the president to enter into negotiations with the governments of other countries, especially with Central America and Colombia for the pur-posc of protecting those who might attempt the opening and insuring “free and equal navigation by all nations.' Jackson and Van Burcn commit-sioned.agents to Panama in 183b and 183 ) but without permanent results. In 184b, the United States succeeded in making a treaty with Colombia, which put into effect the previous resolution of Congress, this treaty gave the United States the right of way across the Isthmus of Panama by any means of communication that then existed or that might afterwards be constructed. On the side of the United States, perfect neutrality of the isthmus was guaranteed and the rights of sovereignty of Columbia over the territory was extended to the Colombian government. England had been watching the proceedings of United States with jealous eyes, and the affair almost resulted in a war between the two countries. because the British laid claim to the coast of Panama and were themselves thinking of another route across the istlim(iThey finally formed a treaty with the United State- fora joint protection over the proposed canal. Neither country could colonize or erect fortifications. This treaty also provided for the neutrality of the canal. It was ratified but the countries afterward quarreled over the article stating that neither country should exercise any dominion over Central America, as the countries of Central America were in favor of the interpretation given by the United States. England was forced to come to terms. The Civil war of 1861 stopped the further progress of the quest ion for a time but the treaty was still considered binding. The question did not come up in the United States again until 1872 and from that time until 1880 many careful surveys were made. In ls7‘). the concession was secured from Colombia by which the old Panama canal company obtained the right to excavate a canal between Panama and Colon With this concession, active work was carried on from 1883 Page Twenty-Six •• AS YOU UKK IT. to 1889. With the exception of Cleveland' nil-ministration, the Panama project went through a steady change of policy. Until that time the United States had thot of the canal as being used by all nations on the most liberal terms. Now it wan clear that the policy had come to be “a canal under American control. Congress introduced resolutions declaring that the United States must exercise such control over the canal as their safety and prosperity demanded. In 1882 correspondence between the United States and the Central American governments with regard to the treaty was dropped and has not since been resumed. The Nicaragua treaty was withdrawn Commissioners were appointed to go to Central America and also to South America to learn the best methods of securing intimate international and commercial relations. This commission recommended that the United States extend ail invitation to the several other governments of America to join at Washington in conference to promote the commercial intercourse and prepare some plan of arbitration. The Maritime Canal company, which secured a concession for a canal by the Nicaragua route in 1885, and had carried on the work of excavation from 1829 to 1903. did not accomplish very much in those four years when the panic of 1903 came on, the company became absolutely insolvent and has never been a hie to resume work. It has lost its concession. Whin this private effort was seen to be a failure the American government decided to investigate the Nicaragua mute with the idea of constructing a canal by that route as a government enterprise. Congress, turned to this route mainly because it was the one in which an Amenc-m company had been interested and because scandalous failure of the Old Panama Company had brought its route into disrepute- In the last few years the thot of this route has been abandoned and that between Panama and Colon has received the consideration. In 1888 surveyors secured the contract for the Panama route for a canal, and a congress was held at Paris to consider the matter. United States commissioners were present and the congress adopted a scheme for a sea-level canal, which we know now was totally impracticable. The Panama route was again considered in 1892 and seemed the favorable location. This route between Panama and Colon was both shorter and could be made cheaper than the Nicaragua route. . It is also of lower elevation. On June 28. 1902, the President was authorized to proceed with the construction of a canal by wa v of Panama as soon as possession could be obtained. There were many diplomatic difficulties to be considered before making the canal. The United States must make treaties with all tile foreign nations. As was said before, there can be no tide level canal on account of the many obstacles, such as the swamps and volcanic ledges on the Panama side: while the marshes and quicksands on the Atlantic coast arc apparently unsunnonntable. The periodical overflow of the Chagres tills the valley of the isthmus, as in tlie flood of 1879, which swept all before it. and covered the railway with twelve feet of water. The wet season of nearly eight months, causes delays and damages to the cuttings. Earthquakes, too. occur as in September 1882 when much damage was done to the cities and to the Panama Railway. To this must be added the great cost of labor and living. January 22. 1903. Congress agreed upon a treaty which they thot would be favorable to Colombia. Hut in a special session of congress. Colombia failed to acknowledge the treaty. Not until November 1903 did the United States succeed in getting control of the proposed route. Colombia was forced to ratify the treaty and her independence was acknowledged in return. At the first session of Congress in 1904, the states instructed their representatives to vote f� .r ratification of the treaty. Many democrats had already stated their intention of voting in the affirmative. January 18. three new amendments. relating to sanitation and the control of the harbors, were introduced. President Roosevelt asked that there be no more amendments added and that the bill be presented for ratification. At this meeting $14,009,000 were appropriated to be paid Panama for annexation: $15,000.-ooo to Colombia for loss of territory: $40,000.tNK� for the purchase of canal's rights. Congress decided to take final action on the treaty on or before February 23. On the 20th. Morgan made the last speech oil the subject, and on the 23rd. the treaty was ratified by a majority of seventy-one to seventeen, fifteen democrats joining the republicans in the affirmative. Work will l� egiii at the nearest possible time and preparations are already being made. Some ofShak ?speare’s Women Fern Hornaday. In reading the dramas of Shakespeare, one cannot help but notice the many types of women that he pictures. Hut they are not merely wooden puppets, tricked out to impersonate some virtue or vice needed in his plohscheme. but are real Page Twenty-Seven •• AS YOU LI KB IT. women who throb with human impulses and true life. None of his women are so perfect that they have no weaknesses; and not even lady Macbeth is without some redeeming' virtue. Just as innocence is the simplest of human traits, so Miranda of “The Tempest is the least complex of Shakespeare's characters. We see her as a type of innocence. She knew absolutely nothing of the world outside of her island home and had no friends except her father. Hand in hmd with this primary trait, arc tound the hand-maidens of innocence, tender solicitude for others, extreme sensitiveness, and childish frankness. When her father ch � se to te’l her of her past life, she was filled with great sorrow because she had caused him so much trouble and wondered that he should be willing to endure so many misfortunes for her sake. All her thoughts were expressed openly, because she thought no wrong. When she saw Ferdinand, she declared that she admired him. even if he was a traitor. Because her mind was pure, she could not realize what treason really meant. In talking to Ferdinand, she told him. with childish naivitc, that she care I as much for him as she expected t care for the man whom she would mirry an 1 t!i it she w ml 1 gla lly b:-come his wife. On account of her love for Ferdinand. she disobeyed her father's command by revealing her identity. As soon as she thought what she had done, she said that she was sorry but viewed it merely as a mistake, n t as a sin. Her innocence, instead of making her seem narrow, helped her to think pure thoughts, to brond-enher mind, aud gave her the pearl of all woman hood, perfect sincerity. Closely allied with the primal womanly trait of innocence, is that of filial devotion. Cordelia in •■King Lear'' shows us Shakespeare's conception of filial affection. She was the favorite of her aged father and said she knew she loved him more than her smooth-tongued sisters, but she would not exaggerate her love. She said that she loved her father as a daughter should and could not love him more in order to gain a third of his kingdom. Even when her father disowned her aud sent her dowerless from his door, she turned to her sisters and charged them to take good care of her father. “To your professed love. I leave him. she said. “But alas! stood I within his grace, 1 would prefer him a better place. At her departure, she retained a great love as ever for her father, alth her sisters had received the entire dominion. Then, after the elder daughters had won into their iian Is the rewards of flattering. insincere protestations ami hail heartlessly turned King Lear out into the storm. Cordelia, with the true tilial love which is not dependent on reward, came to his rescue. Faithful in her love, she did her best to restore him to happiness again. When Lear was recovering from his illness an 1 regretting his treatment of her. lie opened his eyes to find her standing by his bed. In answer to his pleas. s!ie declared, with genuine forgetfulness, that she had nothing to forgive, that she had in c iuve to do him wrong. From the d mghter to the wife is but a small step, and this step Shakespeare took, when he pictured Dc-demona. This gentle wife of Othello is the maker of the home. When not busy with her household duties, she loved to listen to the thrilling stories of Othello, even when a mere child. Tlu-'C sad stories of the M or won Desdc-mono's affection. At last she told him. that, if he knew of another man who had endured such great trials, she would gladly share his fortunes. Of course, this was her modest wav of telling Othello her love and he married her against her parents' will. Her loving disposition pleased Othello very much and he tried to make her nest as attractive as possible. She. in turn, tried to please her husband in every way. True to her function of making the home the haven of rest and quiet toward which the husband turns longingly, she did everything in her |K wcr to make peace between Othello and Cassio. merging her own interests in those of her husband. She plead with Othello and talked to Cassio privately that the two might be on good terms when they met. As Othello's awakening jealousy made him become surly, she tried harder than ever to please him. At last her efforts Ih gan to make her scheme and she kept displeasing things from him as was the case when she lost the handkerchief which he had given her. In a short time, Othello grew mad with rage and decided to kill her. Even when he told her lie intended to kill her. the wife, hoping to find her old influence with her husband, declared her innocence and begged time to prove it. She took the time, in which Othello told her to pray, to reawaken his affection. But when, at last, she found that he would not relent and tried to pray, it was too late. Othello murdered her lieforc her earnest prayer was finished. But Shakespeare has drawn in strong contrast with the wifely devotion of Desdemona. the woman of keen mind and deep reason. Portia of “The Merchant of Venice'' stands for the intellectual woman. Site was not closely attached to her home, but like a man. was anxious to go where-cver she saw opjiortunity. After urging Bassauio. in vain, to go to Antonio, she went herself to be at the trial of the merchant in whom she felt so Page Twenty-Eight ••AS YOi; LIKE IT. inucli interest. To disguise herself and appear as a judge, it was necessary that she understand the law and the ways of a court. The former she obtained from a learned doctor; but for the latter, she must depend wholly upon herself. Womanlike she tried to plead with Shylock ami thought it impossible that he should refuse theories of mercy. Her ready answer to all the Jew's remarks won the admiration of the people and she was encouraged by being called “most learned doctor! ••most wise judge! She was daring even to recklessness an I was not afraid to do whatever was necessary. In the trial, she bore licrcsclf in a dignified and brave manner, conduct which won respect from all in the court. But she had. for all her cool intellectuality, a strain of womanliness which redeemed her She could not refrain from a certain girlish playfulness. After she had explained the result of taking the pound of flesh—the penalty of death, she teasingly. urged Shyloch to take his forfeit and asked him why he did not proceed. The trait which appears as the redeeming virtue in Portia, is seen developed to its maximum in Rosalind. This heroine of “As You Like It. is the iiersonifled coquette. It is a pretty play of wit on Shakespeare's part that tricks out this least womanlike of all his women, in male attire. Our first glimpse of Rosalind is a bit misleading as she is mourning for her lost father but the next moment, she throws aside her gloomy spirit to jest about falling in love. As the natural attendant of the coquettishness, there is to be felt a strong dash of daring, boldness. we should call it. in any one less bewitching than Rosalind. She saw Orlando, became interested. tried to awaken his interest in her. and en- couraged him to an almost unmaidculy degree to obtain a response. Even she could sec that she was bold and tried to excuse herself by saying that her pride had fallen with her fortunes. When it became necessary for her to escape to the forest of Arden, she accepted it as a bit of stage play and seemed pleased, rather than otherwise, to disguise her pretty person in man's attire. Her appearance was well suited to her character. She was tall and graceful and possessed a contented air which went well with her disguise and made her attractive, as she boastingly said to Celia. She delighted to tease Phoebe, tho she was greatly flattered by the foolish shepherdess's infatuation, and gave her sound advice. She tormented Orlando in their mock marriage by being as she herself said, “effeminate, changeable, proud, shallow, full of tears, full of smiles; would now like him: now weep for him. now spit at him. But she was not merely a coquette. She was womanly in the best sense of the word. Even in her disguise, she did nothing immodest. As we see her reaching Arden, she was. according to her womanly nature, weary aiul felt as she said like “disgracing her man's attire and crying like a woman. And her woman's nature betrayed her at last. When Oliver brought her Orlando's token, dipped in his own blood, her sensitive nerves and tender solicitude over power her entirely and she reveals her identity to Oliver, at last, by falling in a dead faint. Shakespeare touches still another prominent side of the woman nature, real and to be reckoned with, if often maligned. In “The Taming of The Shrew. Katharine was hot tempered and disagreeable. She had cultivated that disposition and at last, rather enjoyed being known as ••Katharine, the Shrew. Her temper was ungovernable and she was disdainful to everyone. She even affected a more passionate disposition than she was afflicted with. She looked upon everyone whom she met with cross looks and spoke in angry words. As was natural, her father wished her to marry, but she met all suitors with such cross looks that they went away in despair. When Petruchio came, however, lie was not to be discouraged by her absurd actions. When he tried to flatter her. she flew into a passion of anger: but when he tried to whisper tenderly to her. she turned upon him like a raging lioness. But she soon learned that she must obey his orders and l egan to fear him. At last shegrew meek and tried to please him. to her own astonishment finding it pleasant to be commanded. Not content with giving us a glimpse at the coarser side of woman's n Bure in the shrew. Shakespeare presents, in his lady Macbeth, his nearest approach to the fiend incarnate. Her strong determined will made her seem almost manly. Almost from the first moment, her j er-sonality dominates the play. It is to her that Lord Maclietli must communicate the predictions of the witches at his first opportunity: it is she who plans the details of the murder: it is she who goads him on when he would have withdrawn. The awful night on which Duncan was murdered, altlio it made her husband waver, had no effect upon her. She would have murdered the king her herself, if he had not resembled her father as he slept. Spurred on by the thought that the deed was half done, she went boldv to the king’s room and smeared the grooms with blood, that it might seem their guilt. She had Page Twenty-Nine •• AS YOU LIKE IT. ” prayed that she might Ik: filled top-full of dirent-cruclty, and the resolution that this prayer should be fulfilled made her urge Macbeth on to the downward path of ruin and. in the end. to pure blood-thirstiness. Hut Lady Macbeth is made a real creature of flesh and blood, whom temptation has made most evil but not a feminine counterpart of the Bvil One. She was not hard-hearted enough to murder Duncan when lie resembled her father. Her physical strength was no greater than ordinary. After the crisis was over, and finally, after the deed was once done, she was over whelmed with remorse which preyed on her mind until her overwrought feelings found relief in monomania and she committed suicide. The Ordinance of 1787. Fern Green The Ordinance of 1787 was a form of constitution for the territories of the Northwest. It was one of the two or three most important acts ever passed by an American legislative body, for it determined that the new northwestern states, the children and the ultimate leaders of the Union, should attain their growth as free commonwealths. untainted bv the curse of negro slavery. Several ordinances for the government of the Northwest were introduced and carried thru Congress in 1781-1786. but they were never put into operation. In 1784 Jefferson put into his draft of the ordinance, a clause prohibiting slavery in all the western territory, south as well as north of the Ohio River, after the beginning of the year 18 il. This clause was struck out: and even if adopted, it would probably have amounted to nothing, for if slavery had been | crmitted to take a firm hold, it could hardly have been broken up. In 1785. Rufus King advanced a proposition to prohibit slavery in the Northwest immediately, but Congress never acted on the proposition. Meantime, a company of people from New England, who were anxious to buy the lands in the Northwest which Congress was offering for sale, would not purchase until they had some assurance that the governmental system under which they were to live would meet their ideas. The company urged the matter upon Congress, which replied by passing the Ordinance of 1787. 'I lie Ordinance was reported to Congress by Nathan Dane of Massachusetts One of his colleagues, Cutler by name, found that many of the eastern people looked rather coldly on tliiescheme of settling, as it would draw the population away from .he east. Hut Nathan Dane favored it. lie-cause lie hoped that in planting such a colony in the West, they might keep at least that part « f the country true to “Eastern politics.” The southern members, too, heartily supported the plan The only real point of difficulty, however, was the slavery question. The committee that brought in the ordinance reported also, an article prohibiting slavery. Only eight states were, at this time, represented in Congress, and five of these were southern states. But the federal Congress rt� � c on this occasion to a lofty pitch of patriotism. The article was adopted bv a vote, unanimous. except for the dissent of one delegate, a Mr. Nobody from New York. The ordinance established a territorial government. with a governor, secretary, judges, and all executive and military officers, who were to be appointed by Congress. A general assembly was authorized as soon as there should be five thous anti free male inhabitants in the district. The lower house was elective, the upper house, or council, appointive. The legislature was to elect a territorial delegate to Congress who was. it will be recalled, to occupy a seat in congress with the right to take part in the debate but not. of course, to vote. The governor was required to own a freehold of one thousand acres in the district. a judge, live hundred: and a representative, two hundred: and no man was allowed to vote unless he possessed a freehold of fifty acres. These provisions would seem strangely undemocratic if applied to a similar territory in our own day. Then there was added a special proviso of universal interest because it introduced a new principle of inheritance. The estates of all persons dying intestate in the territoy should be divided equally among all the children or next of kin of equal degree. The all-imported features of the ordinance were contained in the six articles of compact between the confederated states and the people and states of the territory, to be forever unalterable, save by the consent of both parties. The first guaranteed complete freedom ot worship and religious belief to all peaceable and orderly person . The second secured to the inhabitants trial by jury, the writ of habeas corpus, and the principal other political privileges enumerated in the amendments which the various states have seen fit to incoporate in their constitutions as a “Bill of Rights. ” The third enjoined that faith should be kept with the Indians, and provided that ••schools and the means of education” should forever be encouraged, inasmuch as “religion, morality and knowledge” were necessary to good government. The fourth secured to the new states, which might be erected out of the territory. the same burdens, including rcHpomdbility Pago Thirty •• AS YOU LIKE IT. for the federal debt, and prohibited them from interfering with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States, or from taxing the public lands, or from taxing the lands of nonresidents higher than those of residents. The fifth provided for the formation and admission of not less than three nor more than five states, formed out of this northwestern territory, when ever such a putative state should contain sixty thousand inhabitants, the form of government to be republican, and the state, when created, to stand on an equal footing with all other states. The sixth and most important article declared that there should never be slavery or involuntary servitude in the Northwest, otherwise than for the punishment of convicted criminals, provided, however. that fugitive slaves from the older states might lawfully be reclaimed by their owners. This was the greatest blow struck against slavery in all our history, save only Lincoln's Ktnancipa-tion Proclamation, for it determined that in the final struggle the mighty west should side with the right against the wrong. It was. in its results. a deadly stroke against the traffic in and ownership of human beings, and the blow was dealt by southern men. to whom honor for this act should ever fie given. In truth, the Ordinance of 1787 was so wide-reaching in its effects, was drawn in accordance with so lofty a morality and such far-seeing statesmanship, ami was fraught with such weal for the nation, that it will ever rauk among the foremost of American state papers, coming in that little group which includes the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution. Washington's Farewell Address, and Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. It marked out a definite line of orderly freedom along which the new states were to advance, it laid deep the foundation for that system of widespread public education, so characteristic of the Republic and so essential to its healthy growth: it provided that complete religious freedom which we now accept as part of the order of nature, but which was then unknown in any important European nation; it provided for an indissoluble union, a union which should grow until it could relentlessly crush nullification and secession; for the states founded under it were the creatures of the nation, and were by this compact declared forever inseparable from it. In one respect the ordinance marked a new departure of the most radical kind: the adoption of the |K� licy outlined in the document has worked a complete revolution in the way of looking at new communities formed by colonization from the parent country. The Ordinance of 1787 decreed that the new states should stand in every respect on an equal footing with the old. and yet should be individually bound together with them. Hitherto every new colony had either been subject to the parent state, or independent of it. cMoney Counters of the treasury Department. Jtrrrs cAlmuck. Perhaps the readers of the High School Annual would like to know something about the process of counting the money which is in circulation. You would expect to find men instead of women counting the money, but this is not the case. Of the four hundred people, employed by Uncle Sam in his various counting establishments, not a single man is found. It is true that a few men are employed in connection with the counting machines. Women arc not only much quicker but also more accurate. They rarely make a mistake because they are more skillful in detecting the counterfeit coins which are often found scattered among the bills and the silver. The division of issue in the treasury at Washington docs the final counting and handling of all the paper money printed by the government. In this place, one hundred and twenty women are employed, with only a few men to manage the presses and to do other heavy work. Here, they are not only accurate but honest as well. The fact that only ten dollars have disappeared in the last ten years is pretty good evidence of their houcsty. In all these places, there are women who are called experts and they handle as high as four million dollars every working day in the year, on an average, six thousand in an hour; that means, one hundred a minute. After the notes have been counted, they are taken to a large cage, called a packing-cage. Here they are tied while being held under a high pressure. Then they arc wrapped in strong Manila paper and a label placed on them, telling the amount and kind of money. Peculiar skill is required in detecting counterfeit coins and old coins, too much worn out to Ik put into circulation again The old coins go to the melting pot at Philadelphia and the counterfeit coins are melted and sold for old iron. The paper money, sent to the treasury department for redemption, a great amount of which is forwarded by banks goes to another place where it. also, has to be checked. Hut at this place, rapidity of counting is out of the question, because the bills are old and usually badly torn. If the bills are in a very bad condition, it takes, sometimes, an hour to count a hundred notes. Page Thirty-One •• AS YOU LIKE IT. Women are used here because they are more painstaking then then the men. thus saving our government many hundreds of dollars each year. The aptness of women is the most marked here because u bad bill is harder to distinguish than a counterfeit coin. If one of the employees passes a bad note in return for a good one to the bank, she loses from her monthly salary, the amount which the bill represents. After the notes have passed through her hands, they arc cut into two parts and counted in two other divisions of the treasury. Here. also, it any woman makes a mistake, she lias the sum deducted trom her wages. Not many years ago. n package containing forty thousand dollars, was discovered in a neglected corner of the packing room by one of the employes, an old char-woman. As a result, the official responsible for the error, was compelled to give the honest woman his salary for the month. One great room of the mint at Philadelphia is used for weighing gold coins, each one of which is placed in delicate scales to determine the required number of grains. All of the newly minted money has to be counted and this requires a large number of women at every governmental mint. Some of the women can count as much as sixty thousand dollars a day. She can count the same uumlier of half dollars or quarters in the same time. Dimes take much longer to count because they are so small. The small coins, nickels and dimes, are reckoned by a machine, called a counting-board. It is similar to a large wash-board but it is so made that when the pieces are piled upon it. only enough remain to make the layer of coins one deep on the surface of the board. A counting-board holds twenty five dollars in nicklcs and ten dollars in pennies. Silver dollars and half dollars arc not reckoned by this machine because the edges of the coins become scratched when they arc thrown in a mass on the counting-board. They arc counted after a peculiar process. One pile consisting of ten coins is pih d up; then similar piles are placed along in a row and the accurate number in each pile determined, not by counting but by running the hand hastily over the row to see if all are of the same height as the first. Then it remains only to multiply the number of stacks by ten to find the number of dollar and half dollars. Thus we sec that, although man prides himself on being the money maker in the world, yet when it comes to actually handling the attractive lucre, his intelligence cannot cope with woman's quicker wit and greater accuracy. 1The Relation i High School to the Community. Etrl Tyler. Have you ever stopped to think, what kind of a race we should be. without this culture of the mind and, wc must add of the body? The subject, civilization, divides itself into five main heads; (I) the house. (2) the church. (3 the school, (I) society, and (5) the state. But I wish to treat of but one of these factors: the school and its relation to the community. It is plainly seen that the high school has a great deal of influence over the neighboring community. Many of its graduates do not go away to college, hut accept a position in the town. Is not this-fact alone enough to prove that the influence upon the community is great? Hut then, again, note the graduates who do pursue higher courses. After they have completed their four years at college, many come hack to their hometown. Then would not this college graduate have any influence? Even the town people would talk about him ami might say, “We are proud of that boy. “He is one of our high school graduates. What could create a greater interest in their schools on the part of the community, than this circumstance that I have quoted? Then, again, a boy or girl, who has gone thru the high school, has cultivated energy and as he stands upon the threshold of life on graduation day. he feels some responsibility resting upon him. He must admit, though, that he has just learned to know that he doesn’t know, and now he sees that he has more book learning, as some have appropriately named it. than lie has practical experience. But, nevertheless, he goes into the world determined energetic, fresh from his studies, and having high ideals to which lie wishes to aspire. Therefore, these graduates, scattered among the people, determine the character of the community. according to the nature of the school. Tile first great benefit is the unification of the patrons. This result is brought about by the different influences of the scholars, and of the school as a whole upon the community itself. First I might mention, the intellectual compcti-of the pupils of different families, a thing which causes the parents to feel in sympathy with one another and the community, because they are interested in a common cause, and arc; in this way, more or less associated together; talk together upon the subject of education, or about the progress of the different pupils in the school. Occasionally. as the pupils mingle together and become friends, their parents arc led to Ik- more intimate and some become friendly, who probably had never spoken to each other previously to their Page Thirty-Two •• AS vor LIKE IT. child's entering school. In the next place, the school strengthens the moral nature of a boy. You are aware that youth is naturally the period of great activity, but the exuberant spirits of youth are likely to lead a lad astray, unless he is directed by some one older and more experienced. And as soon as the child is old enough to attend school, he spends almost half of his working hours in the schoolroom. where his parents can not direct him: here, therefore, the teacher must do his part, as moral guardian. Then, as lie grows up and gets in the high school, many of his life habits will have been formed, and if he has been directed in the right way. he will Ik a credit to his parents, to the school, and to the communtiy. Next, |K rhaf s. comes the relation of the high school to industry. Take a boy who has graduated from the high school and lie feels that he must get to doing something for himself, as he has spent twelve years, now, in school, when he was not able to w rk for nine months out of the year. What merchant or business man would not rather lure a boy educated in the high school, than one who lias sjieut his time on the streets, doing odd jobs a : they come to hand; now and then? The high school graduate is aware of this fact, a tnmg which makes Inm active and desirous of raising his market value by having this commodity, a high school tram-ing. Associating the community and the high school closely together; is the department of manual training. This department teaches a fade to the student who wishes to elect this course, and in some schools, so much manual training work is required of each individual. What does this do for the boy or girl? It teaches each student to do something, so that when he is thrown upon his own recourses, he will feel that he is stepping into a field of opjmrtunity, to put to use his newly learned trade. For instance, a lx� y who has elected the science of electrical engineering for his trade, will have studied and worked in the shops provided for this special course. When he comes out at the end of four years, lie will Ik able to take a position equal, at least, to a school teacher. But let us not forget till relation of the high school to the physicial well l ing of the l oy and girl. In most high schoolsof today, too little attention is paid to the physicial culture. The gymnasium should be a part of the school curriculum. Many students do not have any chance to do any manual labor while attending school. They go tv school all day and sit huai|K d up in their seats; then, after school, they go to their room «� r h line and sit down to study for an hour or two—at least. This sort of tiling continued day after day. makes unhealthy looking young men and women, with jKile faces, sunken eyes and weary foot steps, as if they were tired out from some violent exercise. In fact it is lack of energy. There should be a gymnasium in every school; it should be open during the day to those who are uot at class. There they could go thru someform of exercise for a little while and then go back to their studies, with renewed interest n their work. Also probably twice or three times a week, the whole class should have regular work in gymnastics, directed by some competent instructor. This instruction should Ik in breathing properly, standing correctly, and then exercises in dumb-liclls and Indian clubs might follow. The result would be healthy young men and and young women and. if continued, in a few year's, a healthier community. And if this culture were observed all over the United States, it would undoubtedly mean a hardier nation. Wilhelm cRicbzrd Wagner. Flossie Voyer. Wilhelm Kichard Wagner, reformer of the musical drama was born at Lcipsic, May 22. 1813. His ancestors were natives of Saxony. His father was clerk of the police court in Dresden and a passionate lover of the theatre. He died when Wagner was but a few months old. and his mother was married two years later to Ludwig Geyer, a dramatic author and actor, (lever wished to make a painter of Ins stepson but Wagner's first passion was for poetry. At the age of thirteen he translated the first twelve books of the Odyssey for pastime and wrote several t agedies. After this lie began to shirk his studies and to spend his tim. in writing dramatic poetry. His attention was first seriously attracted to music by hearing Beethoven's symphonies. His first opera was called I ic Keen.” and another was I as Liebesverbot. founded on Shakespeare's “Measure for Measure These operas were never performed and for some considerable time the young com|� oser found it difficult to obtain a hearing. In 1839, he set sail for Haris and while on the voyage conceived the idea for his “Flying Butch-man.'' a legand told by the sailors. Wagner worked hard to tit his operas. Das Liebesverbot and Kieuzi presented but was unsuccessful. After three years of poverty and disnapointmcnt. he went to Dresden where Rienzi was presented in 1812 The opera achieved an immediate and emphatic success. which fifty years of popularity-have approved He produced “Tannhauscr at Dresden m 1845 but the work pleased neither the public nor the critics. Pago Thirty-Throo •• AS YOU LI KB IT. Schumann alone declared of the work: “It contains deeper, more original. and altogether, an hundred-fold better things than his previous operas; at the same time a good deal that is musically trivial. In 1861, Wagner received permission to return to Germany. “Tristan and Isolde was accepted in Vienna but was abandoned after seven rehearsals until several years later. His wife died in 1866 and in 1879 he married Liszt's daughter. King Ludwig planned to build a special theatre for Wagner in Munich. The dream of his life was realized in the festival performance of the ••Xibclungcn Trilogy. This was one of the greatest events in the history of music. Wagner's last work ••Parsifal was brought out iu July, 1882. Lohengrin is the most popular of all Wagner's operas. A brief sketch of this opera will help us to form a conception of the nature. Ills material is from the old legend, which tell us of the mystical knight. Lohengrin, keeper of th.' Holy Grail. The opera was begun in the winter of 1845 but was not finished until August. 1817. The Knights of the Holy Grail were under vow to give aid to certain persons but to maintain rigid secrecy as to their identity and place of residence. The first act of Lohengrin shows u- King Henry, the Fowler, seated on a throne in an open meadow, where are assembled the nobles of Brabant, the duchy over which Fisa of Brabant rules. The country is in a state of dissension ami Henry desires to investigate the causes. He requires Count Frederick of Telramund to make a statement. This evil minded but weak noble, acting under the influence of his crafty and remorseless wife, Ortrud. tells the king that he is the rightful heir to the dit . ; . H -• 1 :larc that Fisa has murdered her young brother, Gottfried, and therefore, forfeited her rights to the succession. which he claims as next of kin. The king summons KLa, a mystic m lidcn, who in answer to his charge can tell only of a vision of a knight who will defend her. The king is forced to put the case to the mediaeval test of ordeal by combat. Fisa announces that her champion will be the knight of whom she dreamed. Fisa kneels ami prays, and then the knight comes floating down the river in a little shallop drawn by a swan, lie immediately announces that he has come to defend Fisa, who falls at his feet and proclaims herself his. But before the combat, he extracts from her the solemn promise never to ask his race or name. Ortrud. who is silent, hears this promise with crafty joy. The combat takes place and Telramund i defeated, but Lohengrin sjKire--. his life. The king strips him of his honors and his property and the scene ends with rejoicing. Ortrud and her husband blame one another for the misfortunes of the hour, but Ortrud declares that she will in-still doubts into Fisa’s min i and cause her to ask the forbidden question. When Fisa steps on the balcony to confide her happiness to the stars, she hears her name spoken in accents o sad that she dccends to take the unhappy woman into the palace. Ortrud at once tries to sow distrust in Fisa's innocent heart. Fisa is shaken, but docs n � t surrender her faith. At dawn, the wedding procession appears as Fisa is about to enter tile church. Ortrud steps forward, claiming the r ght of precedence. Ortrud taunts her with not even having asked her husband's name and descent. Fisa defends her husband, winning everybody by her quiet dignity. But in the tliinl act when the two lovers are alone she knows not rest. Although her husband asks her to trust him. she fears that he may sometime leave her mysteriously as he came and the luckless question is asked. At that critical moment Tcl-ramund enters to slay his enemy, but Lohengrin, taking his sword, kills him with one stroke. Then he leads Fisa before the king and loudly announces his secret. He tells the astounded luarers. that he is the Keeper of the Holy Grail. He gives Fisa his horn and ring and goes to the swan boat, which has appeared for him. Ortrud, glorying in her triumph reveals that the boat is none other than the missing Gottfried transformed by her magic into a swan. Lohengrin kneels and prays, and the boy is restored tohisorigiuial shape. A white dove descends to draw the boat in which Lohengrin glides away and Fisa falls senseless in her brother's arms. In the autumn of 1882. Wagner went to live in Venice. His health had been failing for some time and he died February 13, 1883. The most striking thing about Waguer. at first sight, was the extraordinary life and energy that animated his insignificant body which was surmounted by a very large head. His bright eves anti pleasant glance softened the strongly marked face, and his mouth, notwithstanding the undue prominence of nose and chin, had a singular expression of sweetness and affability. With his extreme rapidity of movement, gait and gesture, he gave, from the first, an expression of unusual and powerful originality: he fascinated you by his conversation, so animated was he on all subjects which interested him and lie always acted out his discourse. He was violent, even explosive iu temper: with him. gayety. like wrath, was tempestuous and overflowing. Wagner is the most striking figure in the history of music. Whether the future will or will not accord to him the position granted by the musical world of the present, lie will remain fixed upon the records as the most commanding intellect that ever sought to express its thought through the medium of music. Page Thirty-Pour AS YOU 1,1 KK IT. You Will Be Pleased in J y Photos, Group Pictures and Frames Deaierin AT----- ! Staple and Fancy Groceries, Notions and Bakery Goods. ...Rice’s Studio... • TRY US. A Bigger Dollar’s Worth for Your Dollar Than Anv Place in Town. Ruse’s Restaurant m ..For Meals, Lunch and Short Orders... (Everything New. Neat and Clean. Givens a Call. We will strive to please you. Remember the place, opposite the opera house. E. J. RUSE, Proprietor. Lawrence National Bank ....Capital and Surplus $60,000.... Deposits, One Quarter of a Million Dollars. Does (ieneral Banking Business. Pays Interest on Deposit. Loans Money. Refrigerators, Gasoline Stoves, Garden and Flower Seeds — a t — STEWART ? NAFTZGER Buggy, Carriage and SIGN PAINTING. THRUSH OF COURSE. Thrush’s Old Stand ON MILL STREET. ' AS YOU I.IKK IT. “ WE TRADE AT JENNINGS’ Because Hi is Reliable, Handler Nothing but Pure and Wholesome floods and Won’t Misrepresent any Article to Sell it. “Monarch” (’aimed Goods a S|h c-ialty. J. M. Jennings. DANJEL SHELLER, —Proprietor of - The Red Front Grocery Wholesale dealer in Country Produce. Butter and eggs a specialty. Agent for Chase A Sanborn Teas and 'oflees. Rhone No. 22. North Side Main Street. North Manchester. Ind They Have a Finish That is all Their Own. Walk-Over Shoes for Men - - - $3.50 and $1.00 Queen Quality Shoes lor Women - $3.00 and $3.50 Ralston Health Shoes for Men $4 00 The Ford Shoes for Women - - $3.00 and $3.50 Rudd’s Shoes for Children - - 75e to $2.50 Just a few words—to tell you that there’s a pleasant surprise in store for you if you haven’t seen our up-to-date shoes for spring and summer wear. We can and do satisfy the most exacting as to style and quality. Yours to Please, J. F. Eichholtz Co. 44 There is Nothing Too Good for Our Customers” Is why we sell Alaska refrigerators. Jewel and Quick Meal gasoline stoves. Ball Bearing lawn mowers, the Malleable and Kokonv ranges, Stransky enameled ware and Ferry’s garden seeds. F) Frame fit Sort n‘HArdvMre Mtn u. rrame cj oon, 0n wainu, street... C. H. RISSER, ...Dentist... Base Ball. Athletic Goods. —ATTHE— Sporting Goods Store. Olinger Warvel. 1Bicycles. Fishing Tackle. •• As YOl UKK IT. A. G. Lautzenhiser Co. The largest and most complete line of implements in the county. Fine buggies and surries. IIarness, robes, whips. Goods sold hv this firm is a guarantee that they are the leading lilies manufuc-tured, viz: Met ’ormicks, tudebakers, Oliver’s Superior tlrills, John Deere line loaders and cultivatoi's. Come and see and he convinced. A. G. LAUTZENHISER CO. i I Hear in Mind t i Ebbinghous ; L. A. Sandoz, Bros. ; Fresh Meats I Have the Fine Line ’Phone No. 85 of Footwear in North i Manchester. j I Sheller’s Cafe. For Lunch, Cigars. Candies and Fruits. Try Our 1.5c Lunch. Best Meal in Town for 2 k . Oysters and Ice Cream in Season. E. L SHELLER CO. WE WANT YOUR SHIRTS. Collars, Culls, Shirt Waists, Duck Suits. Fine Dresses and Fancy Ironing. Special Attention paid to l ace Curtains, Blankets and all woolen wear. Work called for and delivered to any part of tin city. WARNER OPPERMAN. Jenkins Hidy, The Barbers. All Work Guaranteed. Basement Lawrence National Bank. W. O. JEFFERSON Livery and Transfer Line , After You Graduate ’Phone 6. G. A. BUSWELL Tailor Cleaning and Repairing s You will want some one to place your Life and Accident In-8Uranee with, and later when you establish homes you will need a good Fire and Storm Policy to protect those homes. You cannot do letter than to place it with the A. L3. Thomas Adencv ...ADKMAR RUFLE... Diamonds. Watclic INSURANCE Fire. Life. Accident, Plate Glass and Wind Storm. Diodes, .leivcdry and Silverware. Fine Hand Kngraving. Opticians—Eves Tested Free. ARK VO!' AW ARK? In the course of one year the balance of your watch makes 157.- S (kSO.(H)O movements. Think of it! In time x the oil gums, produce friction ami wears the (1 licate parts, destroying their high tin- , x ish and perfect tit. thus ruining an accurate ✓ timepiece. An ordinary machine is oiled daily. Your watch should be oiled each vear. Let us examine it. An honest opinion will cost you nothing’. Ctiy Cigar . . . Store A r Shivelv fit:NE,(A'- ' uranck. r . II V ' North Manchester. Indiana B. B. I’LKFV Best Five Cent Brands. l i| cs. Chewing and Smoking Tobacco. - - North Manchester. •• AS YOU LIKE IT. J. B. WILLIAMS, ...The Old Reliable.. Drugs, Paints, Oils and Wall Paper. E. L. LAUTZENHISER Real Estate, Insurance, Rentals and Loans. A Good List of ['ann and City Properties for Sale. Office over Burdge’s Book Store. North Manchester. Indiana. JOHN H. FLORA, NORTH MANCHESTER, INDIANA. ...Dealer in Real Estate... Farms of all Kinds From One Acre Upwards. Also Town Property. Farms Bought as Cheap Through me as From Owner. See me before purchasing. J can save you money. I have been a farmer all my life and am a capable judge of farms. M. F. Adams, Insurance, Real Estate and Loans. CHARLES WRIGHT Maker of Tubular and Driven Wells. Dealer in .Mills, Tanks, — Pipe, Pumps, Ktc. Also Office Over hays' Bargain Store agent for the Old Reliable Star Wind Mills. We Sell Fire. Life and Accident Insttr- Enyeart Thrush ance, Buy and Sell Real Estate. Notary Public and Pension Fancy Shoeing, Agents. General Repairing. CLEVENGER KING, Office in 1. 0. 0. F. Building. •• AS yor LIKE IT. Manchester College ....FOUNDED 1895.... ••.A School of High Standards.., (The Usual Baccalaureate Decrees on Graduation.) Owned and controlled by four state districts of the German Baptist church in Indiana and Ohio. Faculty of experienced teachers trained in some of the best colleges ami universities. C'mirCPC. Preparatory Four years. Normal English Four years V UUlavM professional course for teachers. Collegiate Courses Bible 1. English course of two years. 2. Greek and Hebrew course of three years. Music -Strong in ln� th vocal and instrumental department: Voice, Chorus. Harmony, History, Composition, Etc. Teachers' certificate course. Commercial. 1. -Bookkeeping course of 2n weeks. 2. Course of one year. 3. Commercial Teachers course of two years. Short Hand aud Typewriting Students rapidly prepared for important, position . Elocution Inviting. Practical course. Expenses moderate. Correspondence solicited. For catalogue aud particulars address E. M. Crouch, A. M., President. North Manchester. Indiana. A. h. Goshorn, Proprietor of FEED, HITCH AND SALE BARN, ..EAST MILL STREET. If MRS. TOWNSEND’S MILLINERY PARLORS Can’t Fit You Out With a Stylish Hat Nobody Else Can. Call and See Anyway. ---THE---- D. M. Bowers Grocery Respectfully Solicits a Share of Your Patron-Prompt Delivery. Highest (Quality. ngc. Lowest Prices. Both 'Phones. ....GIVE US A TRIAL ORDER... We Show the Finest Line of - MILLINERY-- Latest Styles and Best Goods for Least Money Misses Krisher Toland.