Caledonia Mumford Central High School - Ainodelac Yearbook (Caledonia, NY)

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Che Qvumiing Pevplc -- U16 Indians The original dwellers in the Ameri- can northeast are characterized as woodland Indians. They lived in rela- tively small villages, hunted, fished and tilled the soil. Dyu-ne-ga-nooh, a Seneca village, was situated near the great spring in Caledonia. In English the village's name means 'gclear cold waterf' The spring itself was called Cane-o-de-ya, Uclear small lakef, Bears, wolves, and deer abounded in the forests. Fish were plentiful. Near the springs, war dances and rituals were celebrated. Canawangus Hanlet was five miles from Caledonia and got its name from an Indian Village near the river at the time of the earliest white settlers. The immediate area was part of an Indian reservation after the Treaty of Big H' Tree in 1797. Because oftheir attunement with the natural environment, the Indians never created an ecological problem. It is a tribute to the Seneca reverence fornature that there is so little material evidence of their occupation. ,. .rr W ,I - 4 Q

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Right: For thousands of years the American Indian lived with na- ture, not on it. To him, every- thing in creation was sacred --not to be abused. Opposite page: Not blurred figures from legend, but real, loving, living, vibrant human beings were the former residents of our area. , , ff t f l .Al Bottom: Corn-on-the-cob is a sum mer delicacy. It once spelled the difference between life and death to Indian families. Below: There were no horses or ponies among the Indians here. Our geographical ancestors had to be strong and self-reliant. . 7 624? 9 WZ? f :jr ff xy -56 YQ t NN rl f X Z , W' V M, V N i I , A X i A A 1' fl 'f' in K, N! f infix., 1 n if X 'i7..,,,. V. . N . Y ,I , , P X' 9' -1 f 1 , V Xi xx -.. A X ,KX iw Nil? :ts Tl.. -- N., . 44' 54,--, f 2' 1, i Ai, 'v- If . M145 V 2,56 J, ' ' ---l , ,Q , 9541- 2, ,'. ,Q -e ffl! M if f fr Y 4, D by 'fx

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1 t Two Englishmen, Kane and Mof- fatt, were the first white settlers to arrive in 1795. They built the first house oflogs and catered to travelers for three years. Apparently suspicious characters to other set- tlers, Kane and Moffatt were driven out of the area under the cloud of accusations of robbery and the hint of murder. Around 1798, Peterson and Fuller build addition- al log houses and entertained both imigrants and travelers. In 1806, because of the influx and influence of Scottish settlers, Caledonia became the name of settlement. Caledonia is the ancient Latin name for Scotland. Many of the original settlers came here seeking peace from the strife then current between Great Britain and France. Land went for the equivalent of three dollars an acre, payable in wheat at six shillings a bushel. This great lure to immigrants attracted Donald McPherson, Malcolm Mc- Laren, Hugh McDermid, James Mc- Laren and John D. McVean. The present John T. Marshall farm was purchased by Thomas H. Newbold from Chief Cornplanter, a Seneca of Canawaugus Village in 1846. The Marshall farm is south of Caledonia center on route 5. land meet Peace ,llttrezeteet Early Settlers if'