Burton Island (AGB 1) - Naval Cruise Book

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Q --J- ...M it V+..-w,-5 'st -Q mt.: -f f H., f .sg.-Sv., , i-,:s..gg-me-1. ' '. .- 'X J.,--y.,,, N L fw, x I i ff... -, ., x . lag? 4.144 J '.fgi,gb-X, s f' . H ,w ' g '3,:.gsYk'-V ,- ,T mi s 5,579 ' i,,,L!ii,yy?.5A.., 51,7 -H: ,,,,, 4 X L .,f.,s-..T+NsQ..: ml ' ' i' R' L ' 1 f' Gfmfv- FWS- CQXQ1 A ' N, ,f , fm, -fwff f 9 'R 593' '- i im. .X S 2, f ffffff V. ' . J aifwl At left: Tony Gow and Steve Toth, also of CRREL, take an ice coring from the Ross lce Shelf. lt will be analyzed for any cosmic dust and trapped gases it may contain, and its crystalline structure will be examined as it varies with depth and temperature. This shelf, thesize of France and as much as l,000 feet thick, floats in the ocean al- though it is still attached to the land. From its seaward edge pieces break off, or calve, to form huge flat- topped icebergs. Glaciologists have been trying to find out whether the ice shelf erodes on its underside or is built up by the freezing of sea water, but Gow discovered last year that at Little America V it is composed entirely of glacial ice. Fish found on top of the ice were thought to have been frozen to the bottom of the ice and later exposed by the wearing away of the surface. Gow now believes that seals brought the fish to tide cracks, where they became frozen. ' At right, top: Jeff Bier of Roanoke College and Pete Mc- Carthy of the North Star Research and,Development ln- stitute use an aluminum boat to set outa trap for marine animals. Most of their catches are in deep water, there is-very littleilife around theshores because the ice pre- vents the sort of growth that marine animals need to feed on. A few of these creatures are found in other waters, but the maiority are endemic to the Antarctic. The shells of crustaceans and mollusks here are actually thinner than in warmer waters. The bestldescription of the food process is by the eminent Dr. Robert Cushman Murphy:W The red shrimplike crustacean commonly called krill . . . symbolizes life in the Antarctic more aptly than any pen- guin does. lt is the. key organism in the shortest food chain of one of the most abounding provinces of life on earth. Feeding directly on the one-celled plants 'of the sea, the krill in turn supports not only fish but also the penguins and vast populations of winged sea birds, 'seals and whales. A F Bottom: Pete McCarthy lbackgroundl and Dr. Derry Koob in the Biological Laboratory at McMurdo. McCarthy wintered-over as manager of the BioLab, while Dr. Koob spent the summer studyingalgae, a proiect he had be- gun the year before. The BioLab is the largest fully equipped United States facility in the Antarctic for the support of a single discipline. ' MJ- S- . 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: The Antarctic oceans are richer-in life than any similar waters in the world. At left, reading down: a rather small octopus, with a total leg span of about four inches. A gate-legged sea spider, abundant in polar waters, which feeds on the sea anemone and other fleshy crea- tures. The legs of this one are about four inches long. A fancy-colored fish, collected at a depth of 830 meters, off McMurdo. A sea fan or sea lily, related to the star- fish. It extended, its diameter would be about eight in- ches. All are in the Biolab at McMurdo, in salt water tanks, ata temperature slightly below freezing. Eventual- ly salt water will be pumped to the aquarium from under the ice of McMurdo Sound. 1,1