Burton Island (AGB 1) - Naval Cruise Book

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:HL-------Q--f ---U K --AQ--manga ---2.:amz--...,5.-.........,:i,,.:i, .,...-E..-.,, ' . W- ' ,Him 'EZi 1L5li'i5.5' ft Stakes all day and steaks at night. Above, Tony Gow, of the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory at Hanover, N.H., cooks a steak at midnight. At this season the sun never sets, and its light pours through the thin, extremely strong cloth of his tent. The tent is a brilliant orange-red that can be spotted easily from the air. Gow, a glaciologist, has been measuring the angular shift between stakes that were driven into a glacier in the Dailey Islands several months before. The angular shift, measured with a surveyor's transit, yields information about glacial flow patterns. This area, across the Sound from McMurdo, receives a tremendous, al- though slow, discharge of the ice from the Koettlitz Gla- cier andthe 500-mile sweep of the Ross Ice Shelf.

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At left is Chief John Gannon, standing on an elevator of stainless steel, which is suspended by a l5-ton crane over a pool of brilliant water. He is removing one of the con- trol rod actuators in the heart of the nuclear reactor at McMurdo. The actual fuel elements are contained in the walls of about 740 stainless steel tubes, half an inch in diameter. ln case the power rises tooquickly, the reactor has llperiod protection from an automatic monitoring system, At ll0 percent, an alarm sounds, at ll5 the control rods are inserted at six inches per minute, at T20 the rods are put all the way down, in about 380 milli- seconds. Far below the surface of the water is a dolly that carries a hot or spent core into an adiacent tank where it can be stored until it cools off. These are two of the rare photo- graphs, by an outsider, of the reactor with the cover off. Before he could enter the Primary Building, the photog- rapher had to dress completely in white, put on special shoes, and carry a radiation-counter like a fountain pen. When he came out, he was inspected by a sensitive ma- chine. Rarely does a man go over one-sixth of his allowed quarterly dose, said Chief Jim Robertson, the senior electrician. The core, which is no larger than a single oil drum, replaces millions of gallons of Diesel fuel. lt lasts two years. 3g!' M3dn.... H 7

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Q --J- ...M it V+..-w,-5 'st -Q mt.: -f f H., f .sg.-Sv., , i-,:s..gg-me-1. ' '. .- 'X J.,--y.,,, N L fw, x I i ff... -, ., x . lag? 4.144 J '.fgi,gb-X, s f' . H ,w ' g '3,:.gsYk'-V ,- ,T mi s 5,579 ' i,,,L!ii,yy?.5A.., 51,7 -H: ,,,,, 4 X L .,f.,s-..T+NsQ..: ml ' ' i' R' L ' 1 f' Gfmfv- FWS- CQXQ1 A ' N, ,f , fm, -fwff f 9 'R 593' '- i im. .X S 2, f ffffff V. ' . J aifwl At left: Tony Gow and Steve Toth, also of CRREL, take an ice coring from the Ross lce Shelf. lt will be analyzed for any cosmic dust and trapped gases it may contain, and its crystalline structure will be examined as it varies with depth and temperature. This shelf, thesize of France and as much as l,000 feet thick, floats in the ocean al- though it is still attached to the land. From its seaward edge pieces break off, or calve, to form huge flat- topped icebergs. Glaciologists have been trying to find out whether the ice shelf erodes on its underside or is built up by the freezing of sea water, but Gow discovered last year that at Little America V it is composed entirely of glacial ice. Fish found on top of the ice were thought to have been frozen to the bottom of the ice and later exposed by the wearing away of the surface. Gow now believes that seals brought the fish to tide cracks, where they became frozen. ' At right, top: Jeff Bier of Roanoke College and Pete Mc- Carthy of the North Star Research and,Development ln- stitute use an aluminum boat to set outa trap for marine animals. Most of their catches are in deep water, there is-very littleilife around theshores because the ice pre- vents the sort of growth that marine animals need to feed on. A few of these creatures are found in other waters, but the maiority are endemic to the Antarctic. The shells of crustaceans and mollusks here are actually thinner than in warmer waters. The bestldescription of the food process is by the eminent Dr. Robert Cushman Murphy:W The red shrimplike crustacean commonly called krill . . . symbolizes life in the Antarctic more aptly than any pen- guin does. lt is the. key organism in the shortest food chain of one of the most abounding provinces of life on earth. Feeding directly on the one-celled plants 'of the sea, the krill in turn supports not only fish but also the penguins and vast populations of winged sea birds, 'seals and whales. A F Bottom: Pete McCarthy lbackgroundl and Dr. Derry Koob in the Biological Laboratory at McMurdo. McCarthy wintered-over as manager of the BioLab, while Dr. Koob spent the summer studyingalgae, a proiect he had be- gun the year before. The BioLab is the largest fully equipped United States facility in the Antarctic for the support of a single discipline. ' MJ- S- . 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