Burr and Burton Academy - Burtonian Yearbook (Manchester, VT)

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THE BURTONIAN sun spots They govern our weather and also our radlo recept1on Sun spots are not to be found anywhere on the sun s surface but 1n an owblxque belt very close to the equator and are seldom ever seen outs1de of th1s .belt They also come ln cycles a maxxmum occurr1ng every 11 13 years Sun spots are dxvxded 1nto four parts the half shade around the spot bexng called the penumbra the spot ltself the umbra and the extremely dark part ID the center the nucleus The fourth part can only be seen when a spectrohel1o gram IS used It IS the calcxum vapor and IS called the floccull The penum bra somet1mes reaches the d1ameter of 100000 m1les and the umbra ranges from 500 to 50000 m1les m dlameter Although the spot looks almost black It IS many txmes lxghter than any art1fic1al llght man has ever created Golng beyond our solar system we advance 1nto space Space so large that a mxle cannot be used as a yardst1ck and the unxt of measure IS a llght year wh1ch IS apprommately s1x tr1ll1on m1les The nearest star to us IS Alpha 1n Centaurus whlch IS 4 3 lxght years away However th1s star cannot be seen from th1s hemlsphere but one WhlCh IS also very near 1S S1r1us 8 7 11ght years away and can be seen from here The brxghtest stars are not to be consxdered the nearest Two of the br1ghtest stars xn the wmter sky are Betelgeuze and Rlgel wxth dxstances of 200 and 450 llght years respectlvely To the experlenced observer the colors of a star can mean qulte a lot degree of accuracy 'lhe hottest stars are those whlch are very blue the temperature of whlch lS about 23000 degrees Centlgrade Then comes the sun and the long per1od varlables whlch are about 6000 degrees Cenugrade The coolest and densest stars v1s1ble are the red ones Graduatmg from stars we come upon the clusters nebulae and galaxles Many txmes the three of these are cons1dered as one nebulae Many clusters are called nebulae but when a powerful telescope IS used upon them they resolve 1nto separate stars that are very close together, that IS ln our l1ne of s1ght It IS 1n these clusters that many bmarles are found Galaxles are also consldered nebulae The most frequent of them bemg the spxral nebulae whlch 1S agaxn made up of separate stars True nebulae are gaseous and of many shapes such as the great Nebula 1n Orlon whlch resemfbles a bonfire and the Nebula 1.11 Cygnus whxch IS very mxsty and IS strung out over a rather large terrltory for a nebula There are also black nebulae wh1ch ublot out stars and make what seem llke black s1n1ster holes ID the sky The galaxxes are 1slar1d unlverses and all lgo to make up the heavens As It happens we are 1n the galaxy whlch IS commonlycalled The Mllky Way It m1ght 'be well before closmg to say a few words concernmg' the move ments of the Earth Among the most common of them 1S the daxly rotat1on whlch IS about a thousand m1les an hour at the equator the monthly revolu t1on about the Earth Moon center the xnclmatxon of the earth whxch causes seasons and the annual revolutxon about the sun The less common mot1ons are that of the solar system wlth respect to nelghlbormg stars the motlon of the local star system w1th respect to other star clouds and clusters, and the drxft of the M1lky Way system wlth respect to the remote galaxles 10 Whether it is young or old, thin or dense, may be determined with a, fair

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THE BUPTONIAN llfe would be lmposslble here as It IS on the moon because we have to have alr to breathe However t111S atmosphere also ple erves lxfe on the earth ln other ways such as protectlng us from the mtense heat of the sun 1n the day whxch would probalbly be 2 2 or 242 degrees Bahre Ihext at noon and pro ectmg us from the mtense cold of the nlght whlch vsould reach mmus .J75 degrees It also protects us from the eternal ram of meteors large and small Wh1Ch fire a bombardment on us that would make l1fe lmposslble The axr protects us from these meteors by causlnfr fr1ct1on as they pass throueh It thereby consumxng the greatest part of them Meteors are belleved to be dlsmtegrated comets the best proof of th1s bexnff that the well known Leonld shower oceurrmg 1n November and the Persexd shower ln August move ln the Onblts once followed by Tempel s and Tuttle s comets Some now fbeheve that many of the meteors that have struck the earth and have caused great C3V1tl9S ln lt such as the Arxzona Crater are made by swarms of meteors and not slngle ones Although many shafts have been sunk down at the Slde of thls crater as yet no great meteor has been found Not a great deal can be saxd of comets here They travel m three courses whxch are the elhptlc paralbohc and hypexbollc orbxts only those Most of them have orbxts outslde of that of Juplter and are sometmmes affected by that body It also may be noted here that whlchever way the comet may be going toward the sun or away from It the tall IS turned away from the sun The sun IS our nearest star and IS roughly 93000000 mlles from us It IS the center of gravlty of the solar system and IS one of the most mterest mg and 1ntr1cate objects of the heavens Many Astronomers have taken up the study of tne sun as a spec al y Lrttle or nothlng IS knorwn about the true ball of the sun itself because It IS enveloped ln many layers of gas The three most nnportant layers are 1 The reversxng layer 2 The Chromosphere 3 The corona The corona IS the layer about whxch httle IS known If can only be seen duung a total echpse and there have been only about a thousand seconds slnce the comlng of good apparatus that astronomers nave been able to see the corona It so happens that the next total ecllpse wlll have 1ts path of totallty through the New England States strlkmg across the northern part of thxs state 1n August 1932 The dlameter of the sun IS 866000 mlles and xt IS 1 300000 tlmes larger than the earth The temperature of 1t has been a lon dlsputed quest1on but one of the :best authorltles on the subject glves xt as 7000 degrees Centlgrade or 12 000 degrees Fahrenhelt The sun glves off two hundred and fifty m1lhon tons of welght ln radxatlon a rnlnute Of thls the earth recewes only one 2 200 000 000th part The revolution of the sun that IS the outer layer varxes It takes about twenty five days at the equator twenty seven days m1dway and thlrty one days at the poles where an electrlcal wxnd IS blowmg at the rate of 1200 mlles an hour Perhaps the most xmportant of the sun s phenomena to the earth are the . Q N 9 I. A' ' 1 ' , ' 1 u i R l , 1 t . . : . y . 0 f ' I . A - a DA F I ' . D . . . , -' Y . traveling in an elliptic onbit ever returning to our sun. 1 1 ' ' l ' i tr. 1 . . U . . ' D 1 1 I v ' - , f - . ' - - ,

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THE BURTONIAN PRIZES ANNOUNCED AT COMMENCEMENT 1931 The Mark Sklnner Scholarshlp Prxze Gertrude Haldlman The Semlnary Prize Mlnnle Lockwood The Mark Skmner Essay Prxze Laura Wade and Carlos Warner The Frederlck Crosby PFIZE LOUIS Lombardy The Lewls E Hemenway PFIZE Harold GlddlngS The Mlflam Wells Valentlne Prlze Beatrlce Nxchols HONOR LISTS ANNOUNCED AT 1931 COMMENCEMENT Sen1or Honors Senxors who have malntamed an average rank of nmety per cent or more throughout the entlre course Ernest George Edgerton Flrst Honors Students who have mamtalned an average of nlnety per cent or more 1n each suwbject throughout the academ1c year Claude Melnotte Campbell Jr Gertrude Erna Haldxman Hazel Margaret Larkm Mmme Georg1anna Lockwood Second Honors Students who have mamtamed a general average of mnety per cent or more ln all subjects throughout the academrc year M1ldred Bentley Ernest George Edgerton Huntxngton Kerr Gllbert Paulxne Florence Goyette Charles Gould Grlflith Ol1ve Elaxne Grltlith Fanny Josephlne Hosley Pearl Loretta Jackson Frank Lombardy Anna Ruth Sheldon Everltt Earl Sheldon Ruth Fern Starks Ronbert Davls Young 1931 CO HMFNCEMENT WEEK The Commencement fest1v1txes for the 98th graduatlng class opened Sat urday June 14 when the members of the class were the guests of Prlnclpal and Mrs Rlch at a very enjoyable receptlon gxven rn thelr honor at the Prmcxpal s house The Baccalaureate servxce was held m the Congregatlonal Church on Sunday cvemn, wlth the Rev George H Smythe of Hartsdale N Y preach mg the sermon On Monday afternoon the Semor Class held thelr class day program Be cause of unfavorable weather the exerc1ses could not be reld on the front lawn as 15 customary so they were held ln the chapel The exercises were much the same as usual The class of 1931 entered slngxng the class song Wh n the Golden Sun lS Meltmg and took thelr places The presxdents address was glven by Frank Lombardy Mlss Laura Wade and Clyde Mat tlson gave tl1e class prophecy wh1ch was followed by a vocal duet by Mrs Wxllnm A Guflith and Mrs Fred J Harwood The class w1ll was presented by Mlss Anna Sheldon and Gould Gflfflth Prlnclpal F B Rxch then made the award of baseball and tennls letters to the members of the teams MISS Wxlma Hurd presented the classs gxft to the school and thls was accepted for the school by Everltt Sheldon The Commencement dance wh1ch was held on Monday evenmg ln the Gym naslum was a most successful event and was more largely attended than xn many years Hurley's orchestra of Bennlngton furnlshed muslc for danclng, which was thoroughly enjoyed by all On Tuesday afternoon the audltorlum of the Gymnaslum was filled wlth students and frrends of the school for the graduatlon exerclses The program Y , .... .. ...... , ....... ....... ...... .......... . . . , ............ . , ....... . ....... .. ....... . , ..................... . , I . , t 1 -1 1 1 of . . . 1 1 1 1 -1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 - V 71 ' A I 1 1 . . , 'U ' - . . , . ., ' 1 . ' 1 ' , 1 , v . - 1 u Q ' - 11 1 - 1 C , . , . e . ' . . . Y I x . . . . , . . 1 1