Broward Community College - Silver Sands Yearbook (Fort Lauderdale, FL)

Text from Pages 1 - 214 of the 1968 volume:

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Y, N- 1 ' 'I f' . , -f fr I , ' h 4-N ,Y f' , , Xl C K X 5 W K x'f -Lf NOVEIVI BER 1967 Contents Orientation Nancy Davis 2 The Trials of Registration Sue Fee 4 That VVas the XVeek Barb Salter 6 Nova University 8 Social Societies jay Steele 11 You Get VVhat You Pay For Gerry McManus 12 YVhe1'e NVe1'e the Students James Manchester 13 Hotdogs, Hamburgers and High Finance 14 Something New and Different Jeff Brein 17 Married Student Learns Lesson of Life jerry Nowlin 20 Reed Love A Duck Barb Salter 22 Stage 367 Barb Sachs 24 Platitudes NVill Not Deter Crime Rachel Rodgers 26 Iournalism VS English 29 Peanuts Gets Around jeff Brein 30 Flower Power 32 Expo '67 Laklonte Anderson 34 ICBCS First Geology Expedition 38 Forensics Irmgard Bocchino 40 Space on a Shoestring Ed Dempsey 42 Intramurals Tom Genovese 45 This Is Ken Perkins Barb Sachs 46 Russia's Higher Education Vicki Zimmerman 48 Faculty Members Serve The Needs of Students 52 Faculty and Administration 53 On the Heavy Side Ed Dempsey 64 The Silver Sands is a quarterly magazine pub- lished by the students and financed by the student activity fund. LIBRARY BROWARD JUNIOR COLLEGE FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA EAMES JUNCDR 600566 WBROIHBP CWM? STAFF AND Aovlsoas Editor-in-Chief.. ,,4.., .... .A.., A A AA AA A. Gail Dooher Staff Assistants AA ,A ss., AA Jeannine Hooper, Dan VVall Edward Dempsey, Kathy Horner E Photographers A ,,., A AA A ,Don Hood Garry Kunselman IQ Terry Kunselman N Artist A .,,r A A..r A AA ...,. john Sullivan A Art Advisor ,A A AA A AA AALaMonte Anderson irector of Publications A A Dr. Harold B. Hayes Chairman, Division of Language and Literature l Bernard M. Campbell Dean of University Parallel Programs Dr. Homer M. Ledbetter fa' AA.a ' my 5-' 2 as ir lr 1 Q -4. , , K r sa , -5 ,rs gk a . A 'Q A' A ,Q .X ldap: ' ' ogg Al' QQ. Fm, it 'YW' 2?'lA- 5' - 5 wg Q .JM ,ill 4 ll uns' any v t fi M .L M4 rw 5 S E 'Wi x .114 rg, ' 1 5 r .wh whim zlfffff- , Q 7, . Av' 'hx k 3 V I .'..,,, , ,v . . 3 E .. t ms. .- .M , .3 B J ,gy I 3,4 n M xg'-Gfvw Q , .....'.:- o 1 4- H ..... , --u an v fp , H- . -. llxl 5.13am , 4 12425 -4,- ...f , ht' '. - 1 'I f QQ- ' M 'figzi 47 0, gg ff z-Q ,. VN f-QC fe6fx- I V535 105 c f N 4 Mx xlfk M1 my. x ' If Q X 5 itgffzw QQ 'U A-AQ! K 'Q k f s . S act 13.- -1. Dr. Frank Scalise, head of the counseling staff, said the reason for orientation was to give the students the opportunity to visit the campus, learn policies and pro- cedures, and meet members of the administrative staff. Approximately 900 students attended this year's orien- tation. At the beginning of the meeting, 3 different pam- phlets were passed out explaining the day's activities. Each color designated where the student was to go. As a tour of the campus, slides were shown in the Lecture Hall. john Homan, campus photographer and photography instructor, was responsible for the produc- tion of the slides of the campus and the accompanying music. Dr. Scalise was excited about the response of the students to the slides. He praised Homan for what he called unique and interesting campus tour. He felt that this method was more effective than an actual walk- ing tour. ORIENTATIUIV Orientation also gave campus organizations a head start by setting up tables in the gym. Interested Fresh- men were given the chance to find our more about these groups. As a wrap up to the activities, hoagies and cokes were served in the gymnasium. Entertainment was provided, and those who cared to could stay for a get acquainted dance. For a little added entertainment, a Rat Wedding was performed on two Freshmen boys. This not only amused the Freshmen, but gave the attending Sopho- mores quite a laugh. The Student Personnel Services sponsored and financed the lunch and entertainment. The traditional Rat Caps were sold to the new stu- dents for a dollar each. George McCall of administration said, It is recommended that all new students have a cap or suffer the consequences! 3 H010 !0fl7 656621011 :Yay you have Aeen 4001-76L17 7L0 f'671b'7Lgr ,lf 4 eghcc 7 l4lS ff? 01071777 X to fill out, they did not tell us how. One stranded student writes, I was sitting there, with an assortment of papers, not knowing the first thing about what I was supposed to do. The time it took to register varied from student to student. Two hours were supposed to be allowed for reg- istration. Notes one student, I reg- istered in a new record time of four and a half hours. Another student comments, Registration day began at 8:45 a. m. and didn't end until 3:30 p. m. One student was here at 8 a. m. He waited 45 minutes out- side the gymnasium. He didn't leave until 2 p. m. It took me nine hours to register, writes a persistent student. Various students were caught up in plights which were sometimes hu- morous and sometimes sad. What a way to start off another school year! I was rejected three times. It took me six hours to reg- ister, wrote a co-ed. On August 18 I awoke to a day of panic, excitement, and complete frustration, writes a co-ed. I didn't know it would take me nine and a half hours of struggle with a pink striped card. This girl spent two hours waiting outside the gymnasium. After she got into the gymnasium she was rejected four times. She adds, By this time I was so aggravated with the whole thing that I decided that if I was a reject again, I would just tear up the pink striped card and run out of the gymnasium as fast as I could. She was accepted the fifth time. A tired student writes, I was re- jected seven times by the unbeatable IBM machine and by 5 p. m. I was beat. There were about 20 students left who like me were happy to see the dean come in. He offered to dis- pense with the late registration fee if we came back Monday momingf' After being rejected one student found that, I had written in the wrong sequence number for one of my courses. I had signed up for square dancing instead of beginners he 99 l i X X QM. , 1 4 -1 fl - 1 jl j W so 5 0756. golf, but the dancing was closed luckily. After being rejected five times for various reasons I was finally able to pay, but the check I had already made out was S15 short of the amount due. So I had to come back the next day and do it all over again. Even though a number of these students had complaints about the procedure and confusion of registra- tion, some students sympathized with the instructors working during regis- tration. Wrote one student, Registration was probably more of a burden upon the instructors and administration than upon the students. A few students commented on the exact problem of registration proce- dures at the college. Organization is what is lacked in the registration program, wrote a student. Another student noted, Lack of information was a problem. Not many people knew what to do or where to go. Information gathered from Robert N. Melott, Director of Data Systems showed that: a. 206 students were rejected be- cause of class conflicts, b. closed classes returned 577 stu- dents, c. 104 students were rejected for marking the card wrong. In other words, 352 of the students were returned because of their own errors. Constructive criticism was offered by a number of students. I feel registration could be less tedious and tiring if more counselors were available and a lot more classes, wrote an understanding student. One student offered. A lot of worry and confusion could have been avoided if registration were held all week instead of the last three days before school was to begin. There should be more advisors for the new students, and less people for each appointed hour, was a student's brief comment. One student suggested a new pro- cedure. Students should be taken for registration as soon as their appli- cations are accepted. Their classes should be scheduled and tuition paid, starting at least thirty days before classes are to begin. Registration was a day that will not be forgotten soon by many students. It was a frustrating and confusing time for both students and instructors. 5 FO fi DH Sli mx Sefl PMT CPTQS 0 ice THAT VVAS THE WEEK by BARB SALTER 6 Does anyone want to buy several slightly, if ever, used Rat Caps? This year for the first time, there was no official Rat Week or Week of the Humble Freshman, therefore the caps were only used at the afternoon Rat Dance held September 15 at the student center from 12 to 2:30 p. m. Most of the freshmen were disap- pointed. Amelia Scavone thought that it would be kind of fun, but I'm not really broken up over it. Terrie Roomsburg, a freshman class senator, thought that it was a farce. It seemed like it was going to be so much fun at Orientation, and then they go and abolish it. Kathy Wells agreed with Terrie that it was a farce. A lot of kids looked at it as a way of meeting peo- ple as well as having fun. It was a big nothing. Most of the freshmen felt similar to the three girls but a few didn't even miss it. Amelia said, You can't really miss what you never had. Sharon Kane and Trish Downing felt differently. They had heard about it and were looking forward to it. Sophomores were looking forward to it also. They wanted to have their chance to treat the rats as they had been treated when they were fresh- men. It seems that along with the elimination of Rat Week, some of the school spirit went with it. Terrie felt that Rat Week made ICBC seem more like a regular college. Oh well, look at the good points: no one got thrown in the fountain or lake, no one was embarrassed by hav- ing to recite the Rat ditty amidst a circle of jeering sophomores . . . and there was a Rat Dance. The Rat Dance had a fairly good turnout, about 150 students at vari- ous times. It was the only Rat activity and of those who came, the majority seemed to be having a good time, but a frequent question was: What happened to Rat Week? The only answer is Rat was the week that wasn't. A., is X 355+ NOVA UNIVER by RONNIE CIANI Broward junior College, frowned upon by many students, is in the middle of the most outstanding edu- cational center in the Southeast. Nova University was conceived for the advanced, the gifted and the cre- ative student, where he and his fel- lows can move in an atmosphere dedi- cated to education and scientific dis- covery. The university was founded with two objectives. These are South Flor- ida's desire for a high quality center of learning and the need for a private institution in the southeastern United States dedicated to the advancement of science. SITY However, Nova will not be con- cemed with the technologies alone. The arts and humanities will also be emphasized. The University's forceful young president, Dr. Warren Win- stead, states, We are dedicated to the advancement of all learning. VVe hope to provide for the student an exposure in depth to the meanings and values of our culture, while giving him the skills and appreciation neces- sary to a full and rewarding life. The university is a part of what is called the Nova Complex, an edu- cational innovation which is unique in the United States. The complex consists of Nova High School, an un- graded, team-teaching, electronics- assisted institution planned with the aid of the Ford Foundation, Nova Elementary School, a scaled-down copy of the high school, and the Iun- ior College of Broward County. These are all public, tax supported and part of the county school system. The complex is located on one sec- tion of the wartime Naval Air installa- tion, Forman Field, which was given to the school by the General Services Administration. The privately en- dowed university is being built across the street, on a section of the field which was partly purchased from the C.S.A. by the university founders and partly given to them. They had paid roughly S125,000 toward a pur- chase price of S375,000 when General Services, with the approval of the U. S. Office of Education, forgave the rest. The total complex was planned un- der a K Qfor kindergartenj through 20 Cgraduate schoolf' concepts, by a group of school board members, edu- cators and about 50 business and pro- fessional people of the county, func- tioning as the South Florida Educa- tion Center, Inc. The first 14 grades were to be public schools, the univer- sity was to be privately endowed, open as a graduate school and work down to meet the junior college. For at least a few more years the university will only accept students with a masters' degree from another institution. Many will be engineers and researchers who have been sent by industries to take advanced courses. The past absence of a tech- nological university of this nature is considered a handicap to the region's efforts to attract more science-oriented industry. According to Dr. Winstead, Nova is conceived as the M. I. T. of the South and the third point of an American triangle embracing M. I. T. and the California Institute of Tech- nology. An Advisory Board of the top men in education, control and supervise the university's progress. Serving on this board are: Dr. James R. Killian, jr., chairman of the corporation of M. I. T., and Robert B. Gilmore, Cal Tech's vice-president for business affairs. Also on the board are two Nobel Prize winners in physics, Dr. Hans D. Jensen of the University of Heidel- berg, Germany, and Dr. Emilio Segre of the University of California at Berkeley. Dr. Richard Folsom, presi- dent of Rensselair Polytechnic Insti- tuteg Dr. Abram Sachar, president of Brandeis University, Dr. Athelstan Spilhaus, dean of the Institute of Technology of the University of Min- nesota, and Dr. Frederick Seitz, presi- J An ft '-Q DR. WARREN WINSTEAD, President, Nova universny v v 1 . .- 4 h V ' - A 4. - , . - . -1 ' .ef . 1 J .s . W f . : -. M-4 , I -. 1 - 13 fr' ' ., '- -- , utr '-3. -,- N M-' .HQ -P. . 1 Q , , -, '.' . ' - . ri 3 '-CZ' .. - ATIBJ. '-'i'i:,- if Hi P - .gwnsii ,. 'gg . ' I. - .. rf-4-A. 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' Quota' . p ' Sf-1'-,gk -.1 151,41 'Z .- f .' . '1' .' : af fa tw 'ir '- 1,4 11 -v. ..' J . ' ' T' 'z-. ' -viz, ,Q--1 2 a'1Qs'.-d,,..r2-,-,tan s. '-,-.- -ws. . -N 7 1 ' - Q ' A A . - -Q . A - ' . n- :E 7? -. -' as if T5 , 1 P K .. . .. .. dent of the National Academy of Scienceg are all members of this board. Dr. Paul Brandwein, a prom- inent educational Consultant who was one of the planners of Nova High School. completes this list of men who are leaders in their field. All of these scientists and educators have been to Ft. Lauderdale to ex- amine the trustee's plans and help set them back on course when they stray. They advise on everything from the location of buildings to the selection of faculty and projection of student load. No one is chosen for the faculty without the endorsement of the Ad- visory Board. The faculty consists of only the finest in educators. The first to he appointed. in mid-1965. was Dr. Ray- inond Pcpinsky, Robert O. Law Re- search Professor of Physics and Chern- istry. He is considered one of the nation's top men in crystal physics and is a consultant to the armed forces on retrieval of scientific in- formation. The clean of the Education Center. named in August. is Dr. Abraham Fischler. recently a professor of edu- cation to the government of Chile. The professor of physical ocean- ography is Dr. Nlilliam S. Richardson. who is performing research contracts on the flow of the Gulf Stream for the Office of Naval Research and the Na- tional Science Foundation. Dr. Vinstead has as his assistant Dr. Charles E. Gauss, former chair- man of the Department of Philosophy at George VVashington University. The acting dean of the Physical Sciences Center is the retired presi- dent of Knox Class, Inc., New York. Dr. A. VV. XVishart. He was also a former executive wtih Westinghouse and Coming Glass. The vice-president of business af- fairs is the former president of Sun- beam Electronics, C. I. Rice. The university will not he organ- ized into colleges and schools in the usual manner. Each group of closely related subject areas will constitute a center, where the research professors 9 ' mmufiu U liimlllmllnau Hmmm aim, K B ,Q 9. 5, .1 f. ,, .Hr ' ' , ., , .- .1 . , - -- -A -- vi ' Lf 5 .,5:iWi,f-EN?-:1 , li -,Eff - ,Q - .V A-.-A, , I Y M . fi ..Jr s1A ' f3f r -e5H4Q25aI'.4:r.g . m e if ff. -.39 , .law .ml f 14-'fbi' .i Q ' , 4,-:-452 , - 1, ,-fFkWdmg. ,, .Q - ra S. ,-.JH x A i :iw . 1 'Sei .-2. '. v::'r3 - V. a ., . ' ftp . - 1, -- 4. ,-1 .,A:,g ,- '-1 .L- jf'.'.,.f5L:ig'-fhf::,?lif2if?-gfiiiff F. 5gg7g'iy,,g,,ff.,.f ' -1 Y' f'f .' :-f,,fJ.fP ' ' 7 lu, 1.-firggf ww V N Tv R .. . xl ' - 175' . . li .1 r' . -V aa g 1 J is .I3...4..':g,-1 ' -:-gb, ' ' ' . if and their colleagues in the different areas will have the advantage of mutual interests and intimate associa- tion. Though each center will be separate, there will be constant co- operation among them in developing educational and research programs. At present there are two completed centers on campus - the two million dollar Louis YV. Parker Physical Sci- ences Center and the S300,000 Edwin NI. and Esther L. Rosenthal Univer- sity Center. A 531.25 million apart- ment building is now underway. The citizens of Hollywood are currently carrying on a fund campaign to fin- ance the 31.5 million Education Center. The peak enrollment of the univer- sity will only be 1,500 students, of these 1,000 will be in the graduate school. Every undergraduate will be 10 directing his efforts toward a graduate degree. The opening of the graduate school will take place in the autumn of 1967, with peak enrollment being reached by 1985. Undergraduates will not be ac- cepted until some time around 1970. The exact date has not yet been de- termined. Tuition for local residents and out- of-state students has not yet been set. VVhy begin as a graduate school? Because you can start a graduate school with one student and one pro- fessor, says Nova's president. Gradu- ate instruction inherently involves re- search, hence, an institution starting at the graduate level is in a better position to attract significant research grants. lt is also easier to recruit quality faculty since outstanding pro- fessors usually prefer to Work with graduate students and to be involved in research. Control of Nova University is vested in the local community, not in Tallahassee. This is one of the principal reasons that the trustees de- cided to make it private and depend upon endowment support instead of asking the state for a county college. Another reason is the salaries. The trustees pick professors under a sys- tem they call targets of opportunity. If an outstanding educator who is active in research becomes available they pounce upon him, and they can offer him compensation comparable to what he could get at M. I. T. or Cal Tech. The educator's field of competence matters little because the curriculum plan is adjusted to fit him. Why do the professors come? The challenge, replies Dr. Fischler, dean of the Education Center, and the opportunity. In most large, estab- lished universities, it's very difficult to break with tradition. If you want to innovate and try things radically different, it's easiest to do it in a new university. How will Broward County benefit from this great institution? The uni- versity, when combined with the in- dustrial research facilities that will be attracted to it, should represent one of the largest industries in Broward County by 1975. The research com- plex can produce a total of 15,187 salaried jobs, which would be sup- ported by 3-L994 service workers. The total payroll represented by these jobs would amount to S63O,652,659 and the new population for Broward County because of the university would approximate 165,000 people. The full impact of Nova University will be felt in all of South Florida. Nova University will be a constant testament to the benefits and the achievement of American private en- terprise. It will have been created from the results of that enterprise, to stand as an ever-present reminder that many of the world's greatest in- stitutions owe their existence to indi- viduals rather than to states, lim' by JAY STEELE -'Tris year at ICBC a new outlook has been taken towards fraternities and sororities. Under the guidance of Neil S. Crispo, director of Student Activities, an Inter-Social Society Council has been formed. The representatives of this council are members of Theta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Theta Chi, Sigma Tau Sigma, Alpha Delta Beta, Epsilon Phi, Delta Chi Epsilon, and Vestas. This council was formed to create better relations between the societies on campus. and to discuss any problems these organi- zations might have. This is the first year social societies have been legal at ICBC. In preced- ing years Alpha Theta Chi, Theta Kappa Gamma, Sigma Tau Sigma. and all other organizations were op- erating underground. All of these societies have been working in the community since their existence in 1963. Theta Kappa Gamma, a Greek group on campus, has donated blood to various organizations, including the soldiers in Viet Nam. Sigma Tau Sigma, a large organi- zation, has sponsored dances for vari- ous charities and donated S400 for X mf Wi iw if 5 M S7 Q J, V9 ,g 2 ' ,.f'i ' lights and barbeque pits for the Little Yankee Stadium. Alpha Theta Psi, a small fraternity. has also donated blood to various blood banks in South Florida. They are now planning to adopt a poverty- stricken child. ln spite of all these credits to their names, they were banned from campus until this year. The reason for this is one word. fraternity. The Broward County School lioartl changed this word to social societies. According to Crispo, the rt-.ison for this change was. so that you will he able to pledge a national fraternity when you attend a major university. He added, lt's for your own pro- tection. so stick to the name social societies. The school board invented .i list of guidelines for these organizations to follow. Yet. it seems these soeief ties function and operate like a na- tional fraternity. Pledge class, hell night. road trips. and community ac- tivities are a part of a fraternity world. Thanks to co-operation from the school and hard work from the sen- ators and staff at ICRC, the fraterni- ties and sororities are here to stay ll l'You Get What You Pay For by JERRY MCMANUS Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to insure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others. Thomas Paine 12 Fact: A Student Covemment Association exists on the campus of the Iunior College of Broward County. Theory: This SCA is the voice of the student. Fact: There were sixteen vacancies in the senate Cthirteen freshmen - four sophomoresl Theory: Twenty-two interested students ran for these positions. Fact: Out of twenty-seven hundred possible voters a stun- ning total of three hundred and seventy-six made it to the polls. Theory A: These three hundred and seventy-six were concerned about the welfare of their college. Theory B: Two thousand seven hundred were not. The above facts are true. They can be checked. But do not bother, it is not worth it. As for the theories - Well, they are theories and you can judge for yourself their accuracy. When you have a theory, the scientists say your first step should be to disprove it. We have three theories already Cfour, stretching a pointj. Let us proceed. Theory 1: The SCA is the voice of the student. Well - they try but without trying to sound trite, it is like trying to be the voice of a deaf mute. How can any group be the voice of a student body that could care less whether they have a voice or not. Perhaps it would be correct to concede that the SCA is a voice, but as for the student body - let's not go that far. Theory 2: Twenty-two interested students ran for these positions. Well, twenty-two students ran all right but as for being interested, that's hard to say. To stretch a point one could say that the candidates were interested. Whether they were interested in doing something for their school or interested in furthering themselves is another question and one only the candidates could answer. From observation Cflashy poster-no attempt to meet the votersl one could assume the latter but in all honesty Theory 2 rates a definite could be. Theory 3A: These three hundred and seventy-six were concerned about the welfare of their college. This is possible. Not necessarily so - but possible. No one really knows what would prompt three hundred and seventy-six souls to go forth and make their opinion known, but without being too cynical, the reasons were probably more social than political. The polls were there. Chances are fifty percent did not even know who they voted for. So what else is new. Theory SB: The other two thousand four hundred and twenty-four were not. This is also possible. Not prob- able however. Most likely the ones who voted were no more interested than the ones who did not. just more ambitious. HOO-hah. This is not a lecture. You have been lectured too much already. There comes a time when a person becomes saturated with I told you so so this time I will not even bother. For better or for worse-you get what you pay for. Where Were the Students? It is true that SCA has a lot of problems. Our biggest problem is reaching more students, finding out what stu- 'VNS1' dents reallv want or, possibly, in the final analysis, if thev A 7,-W . . . . ' really care. . 4 tidy-f.x I don't think it was possible for a student to pass -S ' L A through. the halls of ICBC during campaign weeks with- Q 19' V out noticing that there was an election the next week. t ,, - But yet many of them did not exercise their great Amer- ff t Lg , ican privilege, the right to vote. Vlfhat ever happened to school spirit? Did it die over the summer during the transition between twelfth grade and freshman year in college, or is it just sleeping in our student body? In the boundaries of state and national government. if at person has a complaint or a criticism, he writes a letter to his congressman. So far this year, SCA has received only one letter of constructive criticism in its suggestion 3 box. M However, SCA does not believe that just because only one person has corne forth to air his views that there are not other students that have complaints or construc- tive ideas. Therefore, SCA is planning student preiodical grievance days. This will be a meeting between interested students and the student senate to find out some of the problems that students are Concerned with. This meet- ing will not be to solve problems, but to first find out what the problems are. JAMES MANCHESTER SGA President james Manchester, SCA President IP' :Xter- I I Board the H.MS.s Goocl lztmrnmeni if Ti 'll f X0 0 X i M M IHU unululnlrmm qi! Tx ., t H E S -x Mf:i2'eQ'L' - -I - 1 canmiggw W mil STNATE - au! if N H t -e K: to Fics 'u Pl ' jtffatfg- V G' , I Wa' ' 3 i ' ' 5 x x Q' .,, rt Q ' .. 'S s l' wtttv + publlca Us 1 7-x J.. .A 3 Owning if 13 The average American has been described as one who drives a mort- gaged car down a bond-financed highway, using a credit card. He lives in a mortgaged home with furniture, appliances and household items paid for on the installment plan. Most junior college students have probably not been introduced to the world of high finance. Their only time pur- chase so far may be an automobile or Hotdogs Hamburgers and HIGH FINANCE NVWK 1 T663 I I rfb QQ ' vw O C, 2032 1- J? 3 to 6,3 U1 gp 5.23 Q Nei vi 7' oi 5 -Ultllgb TI p TIE 6, W F YI 3: W 1 7-2 IN I 14 by JOANNE SIFRIT ig is SIMM Q59 'DQ QEBIEJ some type of charge account. Soon many will be marrying and starting a home. If not careful, the unwary stu- dent may be bankrupt in ten years. A government survey reports that the average bankrupt man is 30 years old, makes a little over 855,000 a year, has a wife and three children, and owes creditors 371500, not counting the mortgage on his house. He is making monthly payments on a house, a car, furniture, refrigerator, washing machine, TV set, and several personal loans, which takes most of his pay- check. In addition he has other ex- penses such as utilities, medical bills, clothing, transportation and food. Credit is a way of life in many a family budget. It is estimated that one tenth of the 60 million American families have at least 407- of their yearly income allocated to debt pay- ments. In a study last year by U. S. News and XVorld Reports magazine, it was noted that down payments are get- ting smaller and time allowed for re- payment increasingly longer. Mer- chants have devised all kinds of charge it techniques available even without good credit. Pay checks are becoming more fully committed to installment payments. Many Amer- icans consider being in debt a way of lift- and show little interest in how much it costs to buy on the install- ment plan. The International Consumer Credit Association of St. Louis says, There is no such thing as an easy payment . . . those most susceptible to the 'easy credit' pitch are the poor and the young. They get talked into easy credit deals and end up paying more than they would at a reputable store. There are some advantages to time buying, and it is difficult not to use credit with the constant stream of credit advertising tempting you. By installment buying, a person in a low income bracket can live better earlier in life. He can have the nicer things of life that upper income people take for granted. And if informed, he can obtain credit at a minimum cost and avoid the unscrupulous merchant that sells more debt than a person can af- ford, and at exhorbitant prices. The University of Michigan Re- search Center has found that few people know what interest rate they are paying on installment purchases and loans. They are not interested in what the finance charges are. Their only concern is the amount of monthly payment. Many people are like the young man who after checking with three auto dealers said he had found the best deal . . . his old car and 382.00 a month. When asked for how many months he would have to make payment, he replied, Who caresl All I need to know is that I can swing the 882.00 a month. When a person decides to buy on credit, he is faced with one of several financing techniques. He may be told the amount of down payment and the amount of monthly payments for one. two or three years. Interest rates are not mentioned. He may be told 'that the interest rate is 675 or 36.00 per 3100.00 bor- rowed. Actually, this type of interest charge amounts to approximately 11.58Z, because the borrower is steadily paying off the 3100.00 His average amount of debt is about 85000. yet he is being charged a full 36.00 interest on 85100.00 A third technique is the buyer is told that his loan will be discounted at GZ interest. This actually means that 36.00 is deducted from 310000. '1 -JOEAS DEPT- S-FCQE, -- pang DQPT. , FORNFVDRJE. OEPC caan Q DF-Prom . W ,f i x 'f I 1 - - i y ' iii f ,X ffgff . , I , 0 A 1 y 111317, In 1 , 1 if 11- X 1 la 1+-V fi 1fO'H'U7L1'i 'rf .e borrower only receives 39400, t the interest charge is on the full 00.00, bringing the annual interest e to 1276. Most dealers can offer different in- 'est rates to prospective buyers. The aler will pull out an orange card Jwing monthly payments based on 95 interest, or a grey card for 925. r may also have green, blue, white d red cards. All the various per- itages down to 576. The dealer ,nts as much interest as he can get. he charges SZ and the lending in- tution he deals with is willing to :ept 6513, he get a 296 kickback. That on 32,000 for a 2 year period is 0.00. On a 3 year contract it is 20.00. This is why some dealers 1 able to reduce the initially stated ice when a buyer begins to bargain. There are several factors that can vern interest rates. If the prevail- ing interest charge in a certain area is SZ, it may be difficult getting a lower rate. But try anyway. The dealer may accept. Most young con- sumers do not realize that interest rates can be flexible. The value of the item being fin- anced lias a bearing on the interest rate. If a lending institution loans 551,000 on something worth 82000, it will probably come out ahead in the event of repossession. If it lends 351,900 on S2,000, it could be in trouble, and will charge accordingly. If you have a bad credit rating the lending institution who takes you on can charge more interest. The dealer himself can cost you money. The money lender looks at the financial condition of the dealer to be sure he can pay any losses if the buyer should default on his pay- ments. If the dealer is shaky, the risk is passed on to the buyer in the form of high interest rates. For several years there have been bills in Congress to make it a law that the seller state clearly the actual cost of credit. Public support has not been sufficient to get this bill passed. The unwary customer doesn't seem to care how much he has to pay out to get something immediately. Because of easy credit, Amer- icans are going bankrupt in increas- ing numbers. In 1946, there were 10,000 personal bankruptcies. In 1965, there were 163,000, and the number is constantly increasing. A Utica, New York judge says, Credit is too easy. Second, credit is too ex- pensive for the poor suckers. A fel- low buys a trailer for S-1,000, and by the time he is through paying for it, he has forked out 552,000 in credit charges. VVhen applying for any kind of credit, the first economic lesson for the young consumer is never sign any- thing without reading it first. Last October in Los Angeles, 7,000 home- owners received identical notices that their interest rates were being raised from 6.627 to 7.62. The bank had a legal right in raising the interest rates because of an original lending agree- ment between the bank and the land developer. The fine print in the home- owner's contracts said, The under- signed . . . hereby assumes and agrees to perform all of the covenants of the developer's loan agreements. The people protested and over 2.000 be- gan picketing the bank. The bank, faced with mass public revolt, agreed to rescind the rate boost and abolish the escalation clause. Besides high interest rates, many lending institutions are making a kill- ing on credit life insurance. Much of the premium is pure profit because a good bit of it is funneled back in the form of commissions. or because the loan company owns the insurance company. Because of this, the finance company will work the insurance premium costs as high as possible. Another area in which young peo- 15 ple should beware is department stores where charging is conveniently offered. In times gone by there Were onlv two ways of charging. You bought the item on time. by mak- ing a down payment and pledging the balance of payments at a fixed weekly or monthly installment which This type of store credit is rela- tively expensive and should be used sparingly. The price of borrowing, like the price of bread, has been going up and all borrowers are paying higher interest rates. There are several tips that may s HELP if QKWN if -sf 9 fi O T ,- 61 LN:'Nf ,,6b X ceeo fa: L r. 5, ff ..., H555 l w included a slight interest charge. The other method was the charge account where you paid nothing down and were billed at the end of the month for the full purchase. The credit was free, although the price may have been tl shade higher than in cash only stores. Today, charging is usually on some sort ol revolving account. which is neither an installment or .1 charge account. The store may run the plan or it may be handled by .1 bank or lending institution. The monthly installment is calculated from tht- balance amount and functions as an open-end installment plan. The monthly payments constantly reduce the balance while new purchases build it up again. The seiyicc charge is usualy 1357 of each months balance or lb!! simple annual interest. Obviously, the cheapest form of credit is the old charge account. lic- tailcrs like the revolving plan because there is a service charge 1-yen when the balance is paid within .Stl days. 16 help the young person before he gets overwhelmingly in debt. Borrow only when necessary and then as little as possible. Build up a savings account and use some of this for your purchases. The interest you lose is smaller than the interest you pay. Shop around for the lowest interest rates. A bank usually offers loans at 671 annual interest, while a small loan company may charge as much as SZ interest a month. Look for built-in credit. Some stores allow as much as 90 days with- out interest charges. Consider the possibility of an in- surance loan. If you have an insur- ance policy that is a few years old, the cash value may be payable to you in the form of a 52' loan. The interest is payable once a year. and the principal payments can be made at your own discretion. Avoid small use of credit. There is usually a higher charge on small debts. Pay for purchases as quickly as possible, but don't make monthly pay- ments too high. With these tips in mind and a prac- tical application of arithmetic, the young consumer should be able to have the things he wants in life and make effective use of credit facilities. 'MARRY f i .Wien 5 lil Meg ilqiiilvy , l A9355 r y j. Ct i ' rg I X .Pinw GN 'f? J C if Q fr 9 A I 5' gc W 6.5 1 U- M-Uwm fr we fs, Q W f ffligfafz ffm i G' N fi 69 J g 148 , , q I SERENDIPITY Q Something New and Different by JEFF BREIN Fun, exciting, typically teenage are a few words aptly used to describe the moods and conversation of the Serendipity Singers, Broward lunior Col- leges first Lyceum stars. They entertained a cap- acity crowd at Fort Lauderdales XVar Memorial Auditorium. Immediately following the program a few of my staff members and I quickly exited hack- stageh and set up equipment, waiting for what was to hecome a lively exciting discussion with eight of Americas hriglitest entertainers. The in- tended interview for the college radio program became an in depth discussion on topics from marriage to the draft. Vile hecame so completely engrossed in the topics of conversation that we couldnt stop and finally had to he almost literally ejected hy the stage personnel who had worked overtime as it was. Here is a portion of the text of the interview and some comments and views expressed hy the Serendipity Singers. 17 The Serendipity Singers direct their act tovvard anyone from 15 to 50 years old. . Let me direct this question to you, john Arbenz, How did the group first get started? Originally we went to the University of Color- ado. When we were in school there we formed the group and upon graduating went to East- ern New York to audition and follow some of the few contacts we had made through our college days. Things began to happen for us. That's briefly how it happened. Lona Shaw, the pretty young gal who sings with the group is with us. Lona, how did you get your start? I auditioned for the group a few years ago. I'm not an original member. I was auditioning for a lot of other things too, and I just got in the group. The professional work I've done before was with musical comedy. . john, what did you think of tonight's perform- ance. Do they all seem to go the same for you? Well, they're never the same. One reason is because the audience is different every night. And we're very pleased with tonight. It was a very responsive and warm hearted crowd and we really had fun. 18 john, I understand that last night you were performing for a group of elderly people. Do you seem to detect a different reaction from a group like this? Well, our act as you can tell by the show is directed toward anyone from 15 to 50, but once you pass that age, the really elderly people don't seem to understand. We had a very big and responsive crowd in Orlando, but generally we like to perform for the college people. About how many concerts do you do a year? Oh, it's hard to say, I'd say about 180. Here comes Mike Brousky, leader of the group. Mike how did you gain the title of leader? fm the biggest and the meanest. No, no, uh, that's an interesting question. john and Bob and myself started the group and uh, I don't know, I'm just the leader. Mike, I've noticed one thing, Bob seems to be the only one with short hair, any reason? Well, yes, Bob just recently got a haircut, he was doing some skindiving. The rest of us haven't gotten one for three years. The long hair on Bob would probably bother him, ya know getting in his mouth and mask and everything. He might drown. Why do you wear your hair long? Well, we think it looks better on stage, and it's not ridiculously long, ya know, it's not down to our shoulders. We think it's a clean cut, long look. We've always had this look. Mike, whats new record wise? Well, we have a new album coming out in about three weeks on United Artists. It's a completely new album, an all new direction. VVe're very excited about this. We like to sell records and this one we have coming is the first album we've put out in a year and a half. john, what do you think? Well, we're very proud of this album and it really shows. So in three weeks, everyone go out and go crazy. Buy Serendipity album number 6. Mike, have you ever been out to Broward junior College? Well, we were there about three years ago. jQQ, 5 THE SERENDIPITY SINGERS XVhat did you think of the campus, john? I don't like the tarpits. john, what do you thing of the hippies? WVell, I really don't care. Fine, they don't bother me. I don't want to go bomb them. and I don't want to send them any food either. Another member of the group, Nick. has just come in. Nick, what happened to the original members of the group? VVell, one broke his leg . . . we had to shoot him and four others formed a bridge club and split. Are any of you College products Nick? Yes, as a matter of fact we all are. and I'm the only junior college product. Look what it did to me, and come to think of it . . . look what it did to you. Do you find a difference in junior college and college audiences john? Oh, well you're cutting hairs there so . . . cut it out! Like I said. we enjoy playing for people like about 25 years old rather than playing for people living in wrinkle city. Last year we played during Halloween. that's the day they go bobbing for oxygen. Q. VVhere do you go after you take off from a show Iohn? A. YVell, Bob goes off to press his hat. XVe go out. have a beer or something like that, try some- thing different. Q. IVhat docs Serendipity mean, john? A. It's a form of mental disease. Q. Peggy . . . A. It means something new and different discov- ered by accident. Q. Nlikc, do you consider yourselves a folk group? A. No. we consider ourselves a pop group. XVe started in folk but we changed. Q. XYhat's coming up in TY. A. YVell. we have a Tonight show, Smothers Brothers and a few Ed Sullivan shows. Q. -Iohn, before you go, I'd like to get a last word from vou. A. Last word? . . . Final. At that point in the discussion, the chaos was abruptly ended when a custodian entered the room and informed all involved that it was tjuit- ting time. The whole group and the Tri-Cf staff left . . . laughing. 19 1 Married Student learns lesson of life by JERRIE NOWLIN Before you say 'AI do, think about the responsibility you owe to yourself. your spouse and education. ICBC accommodates 934 married students from which 595 are full time. Unlike the single student, the married student not only has the obligation of keeping grades up but sometimes must work to support a family. VVhether this can he done or not is a question that each individual student would have to answer. If you are a male, it is likely that you arc holding down a job and also going to school. The combination of the two is not easy on a man. The hours for relaxation with the family are used for studies. Saerifiees must he made in order to reaeli the goal set before him. The male pushes along never enough time for studying, social life, for family and friends. He thinks ahead of his future with 20 a college degree. For the male student knows that in the long run the reward he receives will better his life. A second year student, Ken Perkins decided against college following his high school graduation. Instead, he served four years in the Navy then enrolled in college. He is thankful he has the GI Bill and a workship at the col- lege. XVith no children, his wife Gail is able to work at the Fort Lauderdale Library. The two of us going to college at the same time is difficult. However, it is well worth it, said Ken. john Smith. sophomore feels fortunate that his wife Lorette can teach school and help finance his education. Smith decided to go back to college following an accident some months ago. A carpenter apprentice Smith said, I'm lucky I can teach two nights a week at the vocation school, Northeast High School. It helps a great deal financially. The married female student, unlike the married male, usually isn't Worried about her financial costs at college since her husband is paying for it. But she has twice as many responsibilities for she has meals to cook, washing and ironing to do and all her household duties. They do not stop when a mother decides to go to school. She has to adjust to her new life at college and fit her studies in along with the family. Whether it be studying while the supper is cooking or after the children are tucked in bed, a mother is to be credited for including college in her life. Going to college is not easy for many women while others find they haven't any problems. Many changes take place in the life of a married student and sometimes it effects the entire family. Sally Burroughs, a second year student rides to school with her son Ken, also a sophomore. Ken said, 'Tm real proud of motherg she shows great ambition and is finishing something that was left undone. Sally had several college credits and decided it was time to go back and get a degree. Not long ago she took a course in adult education - an extension course from Purdue University. Sally used this training in P. T. A. and at church as Christian Education Chainnan. Changes have been made at the home of freshman jeanette Clark. Before she started college her mornings were spent with her four year old son while the other three children were at school. Now the little boy arrives bright and early at nursery school while his mother at- tends classes. I needed to have more knowledge in music theory, said jeanette. She directs a church choir and feels more education would let her do the job better. jean- ette feels the members of her choir will benefit by her having a degree in Music Education. Thinking of the future is always a good reason to go back to school said jeanette, keeping in mind her four young children who will want to go to college. jeanette's husband and children help around the house doing a few chores that mother use to do. They all know they are helping and besides they love her. Sally's most recent education was Craphanalysis and as a result of this course she had determination to go back to college. Problems? You bet there are, said Sally. Referring to husband and three boys she added, My housework never gets done but we manage to eat. Speaking about her studies and college Sally said, It is the most vitalizing experience a woman my age could have. The College kids have been grand and just won- derful to me. Rachel Rogers, sophomore, has found time to fullfill a life-long dream by entering college. She has constantly made the dean's list and is majoring in speech and drama. I haven't missed a day since I started college, Rachel . , - g J 1. at .4 .L.,'!? ' said proudly. But a college education has always been a dream of mine, Rachel said. Marcia Iba, freshman with one child and a husband who is a pilot said, My husband was away so much of the time, so I decided to do something with my spare time. I felt I wasn't doing enough with my potential. Marcia is working for a degree in elementary education. She says she is lucky and has no problems as her mother lives near to take care of her son. This writer is among the married wives and mothers working for a college degree. I have loved music and it has surrounded my life having a musician father. Born in Chicago, there were seven kids to feed and clothe leaving no money for college. In my high school days I dreamed of teaching music to children and some how the idea never left me. A friend of mine working on her masters asked me one day why I didn't go back to school. I never really thought about it and it took me a year before I decided to do something to further my music dream. Now, I'm working for my Associates of Arts degree and taking my time at it. I couldn't make it if I didn't have the cooperation from my husband and two children. They suddenly have a few more responsibilities than they had before I started school. I'm finding in order to make the grade I have to run my household on schedule and try never to get off. It is the only way to learn and be able to enjoy it too. Monday through Friday my education revolves around music theory, piano and voice. The word responsibility holds a different meaning for many people. Attending college is enough for most students. But, those who also have the obligation of a family hold more than their share of the responsibility. So, before you take the big matrimonial step, think about the things you owe yourself. 21 eed Love A Duck PROFESSOR CRISPO Asus 22 ,ae ...Q. by BARBARA SALTER Is the junior College of Broward County going to the ducks? Or are the ducks going to the junior college? This remains to be seen as the duck population of the lake in front of the college has increased from one to sixteen in the past year. Don't go running to the biology in- structors. There is a perfectly plaus- ible explanation for this. Read on. The whole thing started with some fish. The lake was a breeding place for mosquitos until a security guard, Paul Reed, who is a member of the Highway Patrol Auxiliary and riot squad, decided to put some fish into the lake to see if it would solve the problem. As the mosquito popula- tion decreased, Qsince the fish eat the lawaej the fish population increased. Last April, Reed, who has worked at the college for almost two years, noticed a duck in the lake. She was left behind when the other ducks flew north because she couldn't fly. For a long time she wouldn't go near Reed, but after a while, Lucky, as he later named her, became quite tame. Making the lake her permanent home, she soon attracted more ducks, among them was Poppa, who fathered Lucky's fifteen babies. So far, the only troubles the ducks have had are with dogs. Reed was heartbroken when some dogs killed Lucky and five of her children. Lucky was his favorite and he speaks of her often. The ducks keep pretty much to themselves but they used to wander as far west as the construction of the new cafeteria. After being reprimand- ed by Reed, the farthest they now go is a few yards off the shore. Reed would like to see the lake fenced in because he was offered four swans, but he wouldn't take the chance of having them stolen or killed by dogs. Almost every day you can find Reed out by the lake feeding his pets. Fish alone don't make a balanced meal for the ducks, so he adds scratch, stale bread, crackers and anything else available. The fish get their share of food too, and so does a snapping turtle who was put in the lake by the science department. They all know Reed well. As soon as he arrives, the ducks parade toward him to get their food. The fish come when he whistles. The turtle? Well, the turtle comes whenever he gets around to it, usually just in time to eat and run. All the money for the food comes from Reed's pocket. He buys twenty- five pounds of scratch a week, plus the bread and whatever else he needs. Last year Neil Crispo, Director of Stu- dent Activities, tried to organize a movement to get the students to feed the ducks, but this fell through. He is trying again this year and Reed is very hopeful. The lake is also a housing develop- ment started by Reed. It started out as a maternity ward for Lucky and since then has evolved into sort of a village, consisting of several houses built out of old signs and other pieces of metal. Each was originally built over a mother duck's eggs to protect both mother and eggs, but they now sewe as shelters from bad storrns. The ducks are more than just ducks to Reed. Most of them he knows by name. Some of the names other than Lucky and Poppa are: Sunday and Friday, who came from Nova's pond, Momma, who has tried three times but has not had any babies yetg Pro- fessor Crispo, named as a thank you to Crispo for his help with the duck food, Kathy Che's a boyll and Barbie, my own namesake. The rest don't have names yet and Reed either calls them The Babies or Crispo's Stu- dents. The turtle doesn't have a name. Reed doesn't consider him a pet, he merely tolerates him because though he hasn't done any harm yet, he is a snapping turtle . . . and the s .t .' ' ,ul J . 1 fu u Q M . .. , NU.-. -w b! -f'f ' T 2 -l - . ,Q ry -Z N- , E -',,.l:l. ' VV f .Qu ' ffl m b .agp 'L 'Q .. 1 ' ' ff N .WN ' -ff .- 'W-' , : - ov' .z. ' .. '-ive' ' ,. ': 1 ducks are getting rather fat. Reed extends an invitation to all students to come down to the lake. There's good fishing Creallyj and the ducks don't mind visitors. The only thing IS that Reed doesn't want any v--W .N ,4 4- , -...... . ... ,f-f 16- ' ,, -'-----WS W-sas ' , ,- mm..-.W - - m - ... ' 1 ,, srm Q is -1. H' Ms., ,-f I.. 3'-: one to harm his ducks, but he land the ducks, tool would love it if you fed them. Poppa will eat right from your hand. So bring the stale bread, and corn, etc., and be kind to the ducks, especially Barbie, she's mine. qv-. '. -L.- Mal -QQ if T rl 0 . Q X -S 3 ,A-Lk. '-,: v- 'R' , D A 1- ,. ,SF . in .. Lia v-'qi'-9 'V-wr .-gm 5 23 S- i T X f is - ,ff - IXX I STAGE '67 Zi I I I I I I I I I I I I Drama Workshop is open to all students BIC has offered a program in the performing arts since its inception in 1960. Consisting in this program is a summer drama workshop, open to students and teachers of drama. The workshop offers programs in: stagecraft, direction and acting, each carrying 3 hours of academic credit. The main objectives of the workshop are: lj To provide county teachers with an opportunity to enroll in drama courses that are acceptable toward recency of certi- fication and plus 15 incentive awards. Zl To encourage knowledge in the crafts of the theater. SQ To provide a maximum of knowledge, opportunity and practical expe- rience in a minimum amount of time. 4D To provide dis- cussion periods where staff will meet with student directors to study models and prepare prompt books. 5D To pro- vide rehearsals where actors and directors will put to prac- tical application the results of the knowledge gained in discussion periods. 6l To provide the exchange of ideas among teachers of drama which will provide solutions to problems. 7D To develop a concentrated course program in practical theater arts worthy of emulation throughout the junior college system of Florida. The faculty sponsors contributing to the drama work- shop were: Mildred Mullikin, instructor of speech and drama at the college and representative for South Florida in the South Eastern Theater Conferenceg George Cav- anagh, who joined the college faculty in 1963, and was co-director of the colleges first arena production, The Class Nlenagcrieg Elvira Dunlevy, a member of the college speech and drama staff and supervisor for the costuming of the plays. fl X E ' C' iff. Z! l XV! i T l The '67 sponsor of the summer workshop was The American National Theater and Academy, C,-Xntal. Anta' is a nonspolitical, non-sectarian, public service corporation, and is the onlv theatrical organization to receive a Fed- eral Charter of Incorporation by an act of Congress H9351 Two major productions were presented during the 6 week periodg Iohn Patrick's production of The Hasty Heart, whose cast consisted of: Orderly ...... . ,....., ., . , Tony Thompson Yank , ..., ,. ,VVayne YVallace Digger ..,,. Kiwi .,..., joe ..........,. Margaret ..,. Colonel , . Lachlen ., Ken Katz Paul Harding ......Craig Palmer Barbie Schlegel Terry VVhitmore ., ..,... Rich Jarvis Also presented was Percy and Dcuhau's Ladies in llc- tircmentf' The cast was: Lucy Cilham Sharon Cjrowe Leonora Fiske Rachel Rodgers Ellen Creed Sharon Donoghue Albert Feather -lohn -Iacobs Louisa Creed Carol XYalsh Emily Creed Sue Donoghue Both plays received excellent coverage in the Miami Herald and the Venetian Crier. According to Mrs. Mullikin. I believe the drama work' shop was extremely successful and I couldn't lrrw asked for a more delightful group of students and adults. 25 by RACHEL RODGERS Platitudes will not deter crime . . . nor will hand- wringing, capital punishment, nor even more police per- sonnel, unless they are intelligent and well-trained, F. McGowan, Program Coordinator of the Department of Police Science said. Furthermore, many of ou1' existing laws are antiquated and in drastic need of revision. Why, we've got men rotting in jails in Broward County for as long as a year who haven't even been tried yet. In order for law enforcement to be effective, MC- Cowan emphasized, it needs to be: F irm F air F ast It is not the severity of the law which deters the crim- inal. The prospect of capital punishment does not stop the murderer from striking. VVhat does deter the felon is the certainty of being caught. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police always get their man - this is their motto and every criminal knows it. Therefore, he is going to think twice before committing a crime while in Mountie territory. Edgar Hoover's list of ten most wanted crim- inals is another illnstration of discouragement to public enemies. They avoid participating in crimes in which the F. B. I. could be involved. 26 In Broward county, the percentage of successfully solved crimes is not as enviable. On September 16, 1967, the Miami Herald itemized a score of murders that are still unsolved. They happened all over the county over the past ten years and are still frustrating the best efforts of Broward police forces. They range from the cold- blooded-a Pompano woman poisoned from an apparently sealed beer bottle in her own refrigerator, a woman found with no head or fingers in a storage trunk in Hollywood- to the hot-blooded - A teenaged girl left raped and dead and a Hallandale woman whose half-naked corpse was stumbled on by hunters in a shallow Everglades grave. What does discourage crime, McGowan said, is the training and education of more police officers. This is the role of the three-point program being offered at the college. Three years ago, when McGowan came to ICBC, there was one course being offered in Police Science. In the past three years, the courses of study have been ex- panded to ten in the departments major areas. These in- clude Introduction to Law Enforcement, Police Adminis- tration, Criminal Law, Criminal Evidence 6: Court Proce- dure, Patrol Administration, Criminal Investigation, Traffic Problems and Administration, Crime and Delinquency, Crime Prevention and the Seminar. These subjects, plus 34 credits in general education subjects, are required for an Associate degree in Police Science. No previous police experience is required to enroll in this course and any high school graduate who would be eligible for admission to the college could enroll. The expense of this program is generally borne by the student. However, there are several scholarships available. In addition, large police departments in the area have Police Cadet programs. These are jobs of all sorts in the police department which are non-authoritarian but do give prospective police officers excellent on-the-job expe- rience and some spending money. Candidates for the Associate degree in Police Admin- istration are restricted to police officers. Their tuition is usually paid for by the police force for which they work. They are required to complete a 64 credit program of study consisting of Introduction to Law Enforcement, Po- lice Administration, plus four additional courses from department major subjects, based on experience. In the area of General Education subjects, English, Report Writ- ing, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology and Speech are required. Six administrative subjects are also required. These are Basic Computing Machines, Introduction to Programming Systems, Managerial Accounting, Introduc- tion to Management, Office Management, and Principles of Supervision. Candidates for an Associate degree in a University Parallel program will complete 64 credits designed to permit transfer to Bachelor degree programs at specific universities. The second phase of the program being offered is bring- ing the academic approach to the Broward County Police Academy. The academy is basically the nuts and bolts training of new policemen. The faculty of the college teaches A Survey of Law Enforcement CPOL 1051 at the academy and each student receives three college credits for the course. This is a survey course covering the broad aspects of the law enforcement field, presenting various academic disciplines to inform future police of- ficers of their role in the American society. At the academy the future officer is taught how to shoot, why and when to shoot. Sixty hours of physical training is included in this course, twenty-five of which is in judo. Forty hours of first aid includes training in emergency delivery, ex- ternal cardiac massage, shock, treatment of wounds, etc. There is a thirty hour block on crowd and riot control as well as forty-five hours in law enforcement, which instructs subjects such as police human relations and person prob- lems, and police ethics. HNGERPRINI PATTERNS r x 1 ,,..- :Qi 2 . ., ' 'I 2,12 . - - ,.,. .. . 43 h .f 5-21 . :Ls ', .ie-. Te-Lf , 1 ' L 'i A rn 111-aj-.. , -52 -. -. f 4 Ae - raunor rinegm, ' ' ' WW vonxn,frY5UPPLllZS I S. mf' 53 , - v ., ..,,, ' I -f'vw1Q:-1.1.5.5-,z,.q, A The third and final phase of the program is a coopera- tive effort between the community and the college . . . The Institute was the result of the chiefs of police in Broward County joint effort of all the and the Iunior Col- lege. Therefore, the symbol of clasped hands is a very appropriate one. The Institute was named in memory of 1. Lester Holt, who had served as Lauderdale. police chief of Fort Last year, the help of the school was requested by the local police chiefs in the area of narcotics. This led to a five day seminar - which served Sixty-six students representing five attended. It was so successful that October 5th and 6th on the campus pose of this seminar was to explore in the minds of the American police as a pilot program. counties in Florida it was repeated on this year. The pur- the many questions personnel. Police departments throughout the United States have had to change or modify their operations following a decade of changes in criminal laws and procedures, says the bulletin announcing the seminar. In addition to inter- preting recent court decisions, panelists discussed the likelihood of further changes, indications of what they will be and how they are likely to affect police operations. -r 21 rm .1 33? L-'ef If 1, ,1 SX Lecturers were members of the faculty of the junior college and selected authorities of local, state and national agencies. These included Dean Frederick D. Lewis of the University of Miami Law School, Glen R. Murphy, IACP Staff of VVashington, D. C., representatives from the F. B. I. staff members of the State Attorney's office and County Solicitor's Office and city and county judges, as well as members of local police departments. The Institute is administered by the Department of Police Science at the college under the guidance of an executive committee composed of Police Chiefs Stanley Kubala and Robert VV. johnston, Captain Thomas Randel, coordinator of training and education for the Broward County Chiefs of Police Association, and McGowan. The man who is the coordinator of this rapidly growing program came to the college ulwcn he was retired from the Military Police of the United -.mtes Armv - but not before he had travelled all over the t-oontry,'Europe and the Far East. 28 While in the service, McGowan served as Provost Mar- shal for Yokohama and Tokyo Bay, which was a port type operation. Pirates used to frequent the area in sampans and would, when chased, slip up shallow canals where the heavier vessels of the authorities could not follow them. However, when the military police started using heavy arms fire, piratry greatly decreased. 4 N0 Baowmn XANJ IfNl 0RCIjpft X' V Aff! X ,lj R' if' ff' ' Lf- E S l 0. -1 to N: ' fu J v- IS,- 3 -1-ml' ,P coumr mt. 4 :J-OCIATION AND JUWQ During his career in the Army, McGowan had worked in just about every phase of military police operation from investigation, correcting prisoners and education, to sup- ervising the stockade. This broad spectrum of experience has been helpful to him in coordinating the police science program. The police represent a cross section of cultural, educa- tional and social backgrounds, but in every case they are men and women with intelligence, initiative and high personal standards tempered by education and professional training. We are here to help them fulfill the latter re- quirements, McGowan said. A'Hopefully, the day is coming when the image of 'the dumb cop' will change and he will get to be known for what he truly is - an enforcer of the law, a preventor of crime, a preserver of order, a criminal investigator, traffic officer, public rela- tions expert and friend to those in need. f l' we aft' -it lg 2 The beginning college journalism student faces a serious dilemma. In order to write for a newspaper, he must forget almost everything he has except how to spell The reason for this rash action is all English literature is redundant The reader must wade through fifteen pages of colorful adjectives in order to learn that the sun has just set on one of Conrad's novels. If the journalist were to write this way, we would have two hundred page newspapers. Classified ads would cover entire pages. United Press International would be unable fs. W -M ,Z Journalism VS English 4:4 mx W. learned in twelve years of English, ffm-IE Z A - 1 '5 7 'f AS b R . ' ' gg L to hire foreign correspondents because of their mammouth telephone bills. A typical college freshman English course drives the virtues of Shake- speare into the mod minds of students. After the students complete such a course, they find that they can get a job anywhere as a writer - provided they live in sixteenth century England. Granted Shakespeare was an excel- lent author, but can you picture him working for Associated Press? Mes- sages like the following might come in over the wire: Nassar, Nassar, wherefore art thou Nassar? Thy troops have been pummeled by yonder Israel. Thy friends have deceived thee. Or the reply, Et tu, Sydney! Of course there are things which can be of value in an English course. The student learns correct spelling and grammar. And perhaps it's a good thing modern day newspapermen weren't around when the classics were being written. We can visualize Drew Pearson, disguised as a flower pot, hiding in Caesar's palace. and writing down the details of the con- spiracy against dear old Julius, his motto being, Get the scoop, and fly the coop! Or perhaps this statement would be ,Q Jam liMlk'R more appropriate for VValter Pidgeon? Getting away from the serious point of view for a moment, let's discuss the basic conflicts between the fields of journalism and English. journalistic writing is shorter and more concise. The writer must take the facts and incorporate them in a logical, short. easily understood story. A typical final exam cjuestion for the journalism student might be, plain Einstein's theory of relativity in twenty-five words or less. Send your answer along with the lables from five bottles of Sunsweet Prune juice to . Abundant adjectives are about as popular in a journalism class as ball- bearings on crutches. Elimination of these adjectives, however, causes no problem. To give an example, no one is slightly pregnant, or passively hostile. One newspaper story spoke of a man who had died of a slight stroke. The editor is still wondering what might have happened to the poor soul if he had suffered a severe stroke! Another major viewpoint is brought about in the debate of the virtues of the English research paper. English teachers feel that it teaches the student how to search for facts. and put them into a thorough discus- sion of an interesting subject. The average student writing one of these works knows that he has taken interesting facts and buried them in an endless string of cliches, in order to fill up the required twenty pages. A newspaper editor trying to read a research paper would probably con- dense it into one paragraph. while uttering enough four letter words to fill twenty pages. All three of these people would be correct in their assumption in their own particular fields, but they can't get together on the subject. VVe see that the problem of the joumalism student is great, but the solution is even tougherg that is the elimination of one field or the other, Both parties, of course object to this solution. Those department heads reading the proofs of this story seem to think it is my own particular idea, and are threatening to lock me in a 5 by 5 hothouse with Katy Vliinters and the Dundee soccer team. I can't think of a way to end this dilemma. but I'll let you know when I find the secret. 29 93' ff ' - 2. P EAN U I S - 'af lp- 'ji fi 1 4 I ilvl' gel? 'a 1 ' , tv 'w -4, '-f si'-X Q f 1 . Off' -, A f 'peat-i V . Yzx 'Vw W X.-' r A sf- ' if .5 liRYPWg55 Ai F of iii? A 0 nl V E , ,,-' L N A vaxhi. I5 Y ' 5115. X K .4 Capuml unu--H 'wr ia. 'A f - ,:-':- i fp, I w . . PETUNIA 'T'-ff' - 'lflx Ill. ' 3 lllllllli' are . g k? - I if ' Si ? 3' ,.a- , . fi 'J SY' '3 nm Q ff , M 'A ,g!!S'epaF.'1u ,, sf va - f' is if if 1 -:---x . . Y' . 1 24 's sS'1 '1 P J if E 3 A 2? ' F 43 fb: in al 1 ,f 9351 ' f , if , - wma 119 i ' xx q MQL,,vww -.D by JEFF BREIN It seems that today's American pub- lic is going through its second child- hood .... A childhood filled with model trains, assorted box games and Peanuts. Charles Schulz, creator of the leg- endary comic strip, uses a keynote of adult-child psychology to mend the lives and actions of adults all over our vast nation. Like other fads of our times he probably created jobs for over 20,000 people, formed over 10 corporations and made sleep a little easier for the tired business executive and the hum-drum rat race he is subjected to each day. Mention Peanuts and any red blooded American immediately thinks of the usual gang, Charlie Brown, Snoopy, Linus, Lucy, Schroeder and others. People seem to take for granted the impact of such a fad on American people. Not only is the impact a tremendous one in the vast cluttered world of the Sunday Funnies, but the effect on the American business- man is too mammouth to comprehend. 30 It all started in Minneapolis, Min- nesota, the town where Schulz grew up. He lived for baseball and Sun- day funnies and started his career with the St. Paul Pioneer Press in the fomr of a cartoon writer for his first strip, Li'l Folks. From that day to the day when United Feature Syndi- cate named the series Peanuts, much to the dismay of Schulz, the name has become one of those dy- namic sounding household names. What makes America fall in love with a frustrated dog and a crabby child? Is it the self association peo- ple seem to feel for these characters or is it egged on by the urge to just watch someone else miserable for a change? Doubtlessly Peanuts is built around the common American every day, if not in mind and spirit, surely in fonn. It always seems interesting to ob- serve the American college student or adult wander aimlessly through the aisles of some of America's finest gift and toy shops, always with the prem- ise of pleasing the little child they're dragging along. But what does this mature mind think of as he views the shelves of various symbolistic merchandise. Or for that matter what does any mind think of when the various articles bearing their heroes' names and pic- tures are available for their small fortune? Take for instance the official Peanuts paper cups. Could it be that the picture of Charlie Brown flavors the thin cardboard that comprises this circular container? Or, could it possibly flavor the drink? Who knows? Probably the ingenius busi- ness executive who thought up the idea. Along with the paper cups, comes the paper plates bearing a full por- trait of Snoopy, the gang's small white psychologically frustrated dog, the world's smallest mental problem. And don't forget the napkins. What better thrill than to wipe your mouth with your favorite comic strip char- acter. Unlike the Sunday funnies, these won't smear. After leaving the dinner table the world of Peanuts and his vast, mass media is not forgotten. The average household desk and maybe a few cor- poration desks are found filled to the fountain pen, with good ole Charlie Brown. Memo pads bearing familiar scenery from the life of Lucy, the world's most miserable kid, lie clut- tered in the upper left hand corner while writing pads, pencils, book ends and stationery aimlessly sit on top of the official Peanuts desk blotter. What the secret ingredient found in these products that makes them official is anyone's guess. Could it be a magic ink or possibly some type of paper fiber? lt's evident that today's well- dressed citizen can't leave Peanuts out of his complete wardrobe. The famous Peanuts sweatshirts, with sizes big enough to fit a prizefighter, hang from racks in almost any department store in the country. It was probably proven that you're safe from big bul- lies as long as you're uniformed with a Peanuts character. Another handy item is the Peanuts address book. They go well with the Peanuts wallets. And don't forget the complete library of paper backed books, the guides to successful living. Has America been brainwashed? ls Peanuts really a communist plot? Or could he be Red Chinese? Is he after America's sympathy, brains, brawn or just its money? VVhatever the case may be, he's here and almost every- one knows it. Turn on the television, open a magazine, walk through a store, sit down at a dinner table and you're liable to walk right into the life of a group of kids that control the thoughts and emotions of thou- sands upon thousands of self thinking Americans. The American population and economic system is being brain- washed by a child clutching a dirty blanket, and constantly wondering, Who is Peanuts? Brainwashed by someone who doesn't even exist .... Good Grief! in ri' 1 ff Ag., DEBBIE BATES, LARRY OLIVER V V '41 s 1.9- y E Q !1 .4i.f I .33 . A p 31 K Jr . g. I , .nr X551 45 5, I ff H151 T: H Y-'f D 'J JA F' s xl . I Y Ou' - , r R Q L This is the land of the turned-on, the tuned-in. Here truth, beauty, love, the varied assets of a culture have been injected into a rebellion group. It began with protest of a dehumanizing society it was augmented by folk singers, self seekers, and LSD cultists who pervaded the whole with dimensions of extended mind. To the unattuned, or square, Chaos reigns over this multifarious realm. The phantasmagoria of the senses has invaded music, art, advertising, fashion .... The in places to go feature ear rupturing in-harmonics, another world of lighting using ultra-colors, all contrasting with a pro- fusion of flower power. Advertisers are enthralled with turned-on vision techniques. Fashion designers are emoting more through psychedelic fabric patterns than through design. Specifics have dissolved in the pot-pourri of the Hippies. Good and bad retain no set values - thus bloomed the ratheruindistinct new morality. Even love-ins phase into dress-ins, talk-ins, peace-ins, anything-ins. Hippies are involved in almost every protest action: lrratfonally the movement is somewhat unified through what it is against. Yet the Hippies are growing and evolv- ing. The Cult has laid a base for the politics of the new left. A rennaissance of Romanticism is beginning to melt our science-based, Twentieth Centu.y realism. Because of this, many thinking members of their parent generation hold Hope in the Hippies. Q I '-.frgvgvsgbf- ,, , ..- X X QQ M X jf . .' ik MN x i 5' , Y' ,M ,,...-A.. .,,4.,..,- I ...4..-.,.,..L...,...... ,... ,....L. Y ,,,.,.... ,....,.. v- Y 1 'T' ..,...+.N .,,.,,.g1 ,....,... I ,., ,.,.,,,,..L-m. ' ' I ii. ...-.....L.. Q ,T,.....,-.,..L..,.. Jy..........l: ,.f.L Aw. 4 1 fr. - F. -,,..,,..... , we x 1 L 5 4, ..--.-. , . ' ww ,L , , . ......-., .,,. -..M........ N - fy -A -M-'M mf- --f- 1 v sq,-Q --V -- -- - - --f '- ' ' 'T' ' . -L . W N-N.-wx H . 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His impressions of Expo were those of an artist and tourist. by LA MONTE ANDERSON After following signs through Mon- treal on modern expressways, the dusty gravel parking lot of Expo '67 came as rather a shock, particularly since it cost 32.50 to get in. We parked at the sign of the Ele- phant, Expo's safeguard method of finding cars for slow readers. A trans- it but transported us, a varied group of hippies, African's diplomatic Bab- bits, and you name it, to the stairs leading up to the entrance of Expo. Two flights up and it was necessary to find out which direction to go. Naturally, we followed the crowd. For about five minutes it seemed we had gotten in freeg then the entrance Canada's own WorId's Fair appeared. The ticket booths were scaled down the turnpike. Booths and their price of 32.50 were not. Once through the gate we thought we were on one of the islands. Actu- ally, it was a Peninsula. As we walked down the asphalt paths the booths were just opening. For the most part, they were deco- rated with op art patterns. The fel- lows involved in this business were either watering down the front of their particular business with high- pressure hoses, or gathered in clus- ters drinking coffee. NVhile dodging the ensuing manmade puddles, it oc- cured to me that in twenty years the whole thing, the op are and modern buildings, would be pretty dated. Somehow, 1967 would have much the same ring as 1867. Those of us in- volved in this vital area of the present would take our places eventually as quaint relics of the past. XVe walked by the auditorium where the Loving Spoonfulsn were singing that night and made a bee- line for Habitat '67. Pictures were snapped approaching it, going through it, and coming out the other side. VVhile doing this I wondered how many generations of art appreciation and three dimensional design students would suffer over these slides. As a 35 Canadian Pavilion, the Ash Tray French Pavilion result of becoming so involved in Habitat we walked 20 blocks be- yond the last bus stop without know- ing it. A kind bus driver saved us the walk back, explaining the mistake in broken English. The first view of the islands re- minded me of the Treasure Island scene in Walt Disney's movie, Pin- nochio. We were then dropped off at an arbitrary spot. Still confused, we walked across a bridge with a wooden floor, skipped the Great Bri- tain exhibit because of the line, skip- ped the French display because we thought it a restaurant and finally stopped at a hot dog place which offered a nice view of a canal. After a hot dog, we did see the Ontario building which had an uprooted tree as the center of a large fountain. The Canadian building consisted of a thea- ter in the round. The audience saw a movie, usually split screen. then the audience and their seats moved into the next auditorium for another film. The quality of photography was excellent, as was the use of multiple screens. We went up to the top of the Can- ada building, and took pictures of Expo far beneath us. Upon leaving this, we watched the rehearsal for a TV show. It consisted of four young people of various races doing a Broad- way-type dance routine under huge sun reflectors. All this took place on the steps to the edge of a canal. Eventually we got tired and used the Mini-rail to cover ground more quickly. We saw the burnt-out Chi- nese pavilion, rode through the Amer- ican pavilion and had to get off half- way around because of buying the wrong ticket. The Ethiopian exhibit looked like a very tall, narrow circus tent. The red roof was quite intriguing. Inside it proved to be very dusty and smelled faintly from the old velvet hangings inside. It had a small coptic chapel inside, which was the coolest place inside the hot stuffy tent. The Russian pavilion had a huge 3 if ErQlmi.EffQ?t':3 hammer and sickle in front, with what must pass as very avant garde art work for Russians, on the side. Escalators were the means of entry. If there had been clinging depart- ment store chimes inside, it could have passed for such. The displays were repetitions and designed to im- press. However, after you have seen two model cities, five more are not going to be too impressive. This would go for every display in it, with the exception of the space ship. That was so mobbed it was hard to get near. The American pavilion. with its buckminster fuller. geodesic dome, was very impressive outside, but ri- diculous inside. XVho want to see a hundred stuffed Raggedy Ann dolls. or 25 guitars touch by famous people, or a bunch of old hats? The pop art was interesting, though. A gigan- tic, limp, shiny, black, plastic, elec- tric fan by Oldenburg kept my atten- tion away from other art works. The movie display was novel. Great de- struction scenes were playing. YVhile we watched, Victor Mature, as Samson .f,.- - -1... r .tg fi '. ri',f:, -M1343 . . ., ,.,.M,., Q pulled down the roof on the Phillis- tines. The space exhibit on the very top was a worthy finish. The small size of our space capsules is amazing. Obviously, the astronauts don't suffer from claustrophobia. VVe ate a meal at the Burmese pav- ilion restaurant. rice something-or- other. It was so spicy it made your lnouth tingle like mouthwash. The waitress had to leave an entire pitcher of water on the table. The entire concept of Expo '67 was well-planned. from eating areas to displays to rest areas. One day wasn't enough to see it all. but more time probably would give one a faded ap- proach. All the displays weren't that good: some like the Creek and Ven- ezuelan ewre really rather empty and others like the jewish and Cuban be- came too involved in one particular viewpoint to the point of oppression or boredom. The comparisons be- tween different country's ideas of what to show is interesting. Perhaps in the long-run this will prove to be one of the more salient factors of Expo 'GT 37 If you are forever looking for things, why not put your talent to use. The lunior College of Broward County's first geological expedition left for a two-day field trip on March 18, under direction of Instructors, james Condon and Lucius DeYam- pert. Students during Term 11 were given the opportunity to do some real exploring on their own. The trip was designed primarily for students in Historical Geology 110. However, on the first expedition advanced geog- raphy students were invited to go along. Transportation was by char- tered bus and twenty-two persons were aboard, including Dr. Dewey Stowers and Harry Shaleman of the Geography Department. The expedition departed from lCBC's parking lot and traveled up the east coast to Palm Beach where one of the best reef exposures on land in south Florida was studied. From 38 there the tour went west to LaBelle which is a world-renowned locality for collecting pleistocene marine fos- sils. They then traveled northward to Highland Hammond State Park and on to Lakeland, where they spent the night at the Sunset Motel. The next morning the expedition made tracks to the American Cyani- mid Orange Park Mine, where phos- phate rock is mined by the hydraulic method. Phosphate rock is Florida's most important mineral product. After visiting interesting Karst topography at Claremont, the group started back with tired feet and an extra mastodon molar that just happened to be kick- ed up by jean Holder, a geology major. Very few other junior colleges in Florida offer historical geology. Stu- dents who enroll in this course can look forward to more than the every- day book course. This is a four-hour credit course which consists of lec- tures, labs and the two-day field trip. So, if you like looking for things, why not give it a try! V , ,. f .1- r - Q H ,jf 51:9-Q, 1 ', ' ' , V 1 jf U. . . Q, f pail it 14 ,r 1. , YS., xii'-f -' ' riff ifsjifg L 1 A X, by IRMGARD BOCCHINO In the spring of 1967 the speech department established a local chap- ter of the National Phi Rho Pi Honorary Speech Fraternity on the campus of the junior College of Broward County. The purpose of this fraternity is to promote the interest in Forensic Activities in the junior collee. The organization is open to all students who are interested in any of the Forensic's events, such as: Debate, Reader's Theater. Oral Inter- pretation, Persuasive Speaking, En- tertaining Speaking, Impromptu Speak- ing, and Extemporaneous Speaking. Membership entitles participation in all local, state, and national Phi Rho Pi tournaments with chances of win- ning honors by placing in these events. Last spring the Broward Chapter was represented at the National Phi Rho Pi Finals Tournament held in Modesto, California. There the four man debate team of Nancy White, Chet Miesner, Chriss Cross and Irm- garcl Bocchino won many individual and team awards. Irmgard Bocchino, President of the Junior College Phi Rho Pi Chapter, placed 2nd in Wom- en's Impromptu Speaking, thus quali- fying for the highest degree of mem- bership. Aside from the hard work and intense competition, the team had a fabulous time in California and thoroughly enjoyed the lovely city of San Francisco. The Forensic Organization was very active and successful last year in its first year of inter-collegiate competi- tion. Besides the exciting climax of , I .- pn tf 1 Hatter Tournament, Stetson University CTR if LB '- ilff. Director Don Nichols giving on encouraging word i sf- -ig 'H A' 1 irir:rrmreQ-g-X f V if l Tl- N . -,. I x. x I if M' -.1 .? , X ..,,., .. , ' . ' f' -gg-lt Xlt'll l't1I.l.lQtitg iii trawl xi-in iw xi-, V 2. F I 7.1-...ass . ece.e N ei ,W-.,. f --F p e i X. . . 'F si ' ff' Forensics leaving for Tampa the California Tournament, the invin- hers placed very high in various tour- naments throughout the state, includ- ing the Stetson University llatti-r's Forensic Festival, and thi- Florida State lnvitational Tournament. The mcmhcrs did exceptional work in the Phi Rho Pi District Tournaincnt, qualifying seven of the iiiemlmcrs to attend the State Phi Rho Pi tourna- ment in Orlando, Florida. There the Dcbate team, consisting of Xancv XVhite and Chriss Cross, Negative, and lrmgard Bocchino and Chet Klies- ncr. Affirmative. placed 2nd for the entire state. Chet Kliesner also re- ceived a third place in Entertaining Speaking and lrmgard Bocchino got a third place in Extemporaneoiis Speaking. Three of the memhcrs of last years team are now actively par- ticipating in Forensics programs at Florida State University. the Univer- sity of Florida and Florida Atlantic University. This vear the Phi Rho Pi Chapter consists of 3-1 members and the hopes are high for the achievement of more honors and accomplishments in np- coming tournaments. The Officers for 1967-68 are Imigard Bocchino, Presi- dentg Robert YandenBerg. Yice Presi- dentg Sheila Holmes. Secretary: and Richard Shephard. Treasnrerg Gerry NIcNIannis. Publicity Officer. This vear is a challenging one for the team as our chapter is hosting the District IY Phi Rho Pi Forensics Tourament. in addition to competing in tournaments. The team will be working with their hardworking and enthusiastic Foren- sics Director, Don Nichols, to organ- ize and promote this vear's team and to accomplish more honors for the ,lunior College of Broward County. It is for this purpose that we dedi- cate this vear's work. 41 x 10 ,,15.,E., i I - 'UriiIlbiAli'i f xwstsasae' .3 - .' za,-it Fi' S .,-Q A-'A ,..--gb ,,,,. 5 A -5 ,Aga The Aerobee 350 main stage on trailer at Wallops Island, being prepared for its first flight test. Wallops Island . . . SPACE ON A SHOESTRING by EDWARD DEMPSEY Ask the average ICBC student where the United States launches its missiles into space, and the proud Floridian will probably point to the multi-million dollar launch facility at Cape Canaveral. He'd be right, but not entirely. NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion, also runs several smaller launching sites around the country, one of them at VVallops Island, Virginia. It was my pleasure, a few years back, to tour the XVallops launch site with Public Information Officer, Charles S. james, as my guide. VVe saw places where men were launching rockets on scientific missions as long ago as I9-15, four years before the first Y-22 rose from the palmetto scrublancl of Cape Canaveral. At the opposite end of the time scale, we saw ultramodern instruments for receiving weather photographs from TIROS satellites that effect each and every one of us in our everyday lives. The VVallops installation is not, in any sense of the word, a new base. It was founded in 1945 by the National Ada yisory Committee on Aeronautics on th-- property of the Navy's Chincoteague Air Station. NACA used the station to test models of. aircraft at supersonic speeds and to add 42 Official NASA Photographs to the data gathered in laboratory wind tunnel tests. The facility was known as the Pilotless Aircraft Research Cen- ter, and operated on something of a shoestring budget until it was absorbed by the newly formed National Aero- nautics and Space Administration in 1958. Wallops Station consists of three separate areas in the swampy coastal region of Virginia's Eastern Shore. The actual launching pads and service facilities are on Wal- lops Island, a marshy sandpit fronting on the Atlantic Ocean, just south of the better known Chincoteague Island, home of the annual wild horse roundup. The island is named for a 17th century surveyor, Iohn Wallop, and is about six miles long and one-half mile wide at the widest point. Seven miles to the northwest, across the causeway and a bridge, lies the area known as the Main Base. Here, around the airstrips of the Navy's original holdings, are the administrative buildings, the Range Control Center, and the TIROS weather data receiving station. Telemetry, the term for radioed data from missiles and satellites, is received, recorded and processed in another area of the -.......,. main base. The training of flight center crews for the early Mercury manned space missions was also done at the Wallops Main Base, in a duplicate of the famous Mercury Control Center. just across the causeway from the island itself, and about five miles from the Main Base area, lies the third major segment of the base, the VVallops Mainland. The mainland is a half mile wide strip of land which provides a home for the station's long-range radars, optical tracking facilities, and radio transmitters. The missiles that rise from this Virginia marsh are far different from the massive giants that thunder aloft from our own Cape. Wallops is a strictly civilian operation, the vehicles launched may be from military sources, but the cargo, or payload, is always of a scientific nature. In addition, they are somewhat smaller. Launch vehicles at Wallops range from the inexpensive little single stagers like HASP and ARCON, to the Scout. capable of throwing small satellites into orbit. Other boosters are called Javelin, Aerobee, Iourneyman, Nike- Cajun, and Argo. All of these exotic-sounding missiles, with the excep- tion of the Aerobee, are solid fueled rockets. This means that they work on the same principle as the rockets made in China centuries ago. A powder, similar in many cases to gunpowder, is mixed .. . nn.1.-.1 ... . . 1 V 'ik .A L fr! f3,Y !-by ' fi 'A . - P 1' A 1 V V q 7 f 4 Tj . ' 'PI A if l 1- Q,,4--- -,,.- -.. W ., ,M lg was ' 1 --- - ..d.... . 7 . . -, A- I -.:', , 3'1 ,..-- ,,..,. ,a....- fl- ':- ,l M, W 41... ... .eb Ang: ,. M, I.,-..:- ' , ff' pe- , P in g- ' F' l ,LU t - .sg-.:' ' rife -.pizaa 'ni ?,5a-'-1-iE?7 'e C- fl- ...nfl .1 :L 1 ,--My-1' . 1-...- V, 1. Iifsajwi, A1 , . ' ,'f: 'f'5-G-3, .A ff' :T e - : f Qi- .ZZ-T3-4 , Jw? and the rocket is ready to receive its payload. There are, of course, a great many more steps in the production of a solid rocket than I have outlined here, but even with these steps, and the careful testing that must follow each one, the solid fueled rocket is far cheaper than its liquid fueled brothers. For this reason, there are far more solid than liquid fueled rockets launched into space every year. The payloads carried by the solid rockets are lighter than those which can be packed aboard liquid propellant boosters, but the advanced electronics of day allow the gathering of a wide variety of data by this cheaper method. Among the many experiments carried out aboard these solid fueled sounding rockets fired from Wallops are these: Ion and electron densities in the upper atmos- phere, high altitude wind studies, using sodium vapor clouds, radio astronomy probes, X-ray astronomy tests, tests of components for Project Mercury, Project Echo, and many other spacecraft, as well as many programs of cooperation with the nation's colleges and other govern- ment agencies. Wallops has flown experiments for the University of Michigan, Rice University, Iowa State, johns Hopkins, University of New Hampshire, University of Maryland, and many others. These experiments are put together by college students and their instructors, and are launched at VVallops Island by NASA. The resulting information is shared with NASA and other interested groups around the country. These launches are sometimes financed by the sponsors of the experiment and sometimes by NASA, depending on the cost and the value of the data to be gained. Some uni- versities receive grants from NASA to finance experiments in fields of particular interest to the national space effort at no cost to the institution. Another facet of the VVallops story is that of the station's work with the space agencies of other nations. More than 50 countries have worked with VVallops personnel both at the station and abroad. XVallops trains launch crews for many nations, including: Brazil, Argentina, japan, Pakistan, and Canada. The station has aided the nations of Britain and Canada 44 to launch satellites into orbit. The most recent interna- tional launch being that of Italy's San Marc I in December of 1964. Wallops based technicians are working in several na- tions, helping in the preparation and selection of launching sites, the training of personnel, and joint United States- foreign government programs. A typical example of this were the recent US-Argentina launches during November of last year to study the effects of a solar eclipse on the earth's upper atmosphere. Wallops also gathers data from satellites already in orbit, and tracks some launches made from our local launch site, up the coast. While the programs conducted at Wallops rarely attain the national publicity given to launches from the Cape, the tension that preceeds any space launching is in evi- dence inside the Range Control Center as the clock ticks away the final seconds of the countdown. All eyes are on the television monitors that carry the image of the wait- ing booster on its launch pad seven miles away. The second hand sweeps toward zero, long months of planning and testing are riding on the next few minutes. The booster, poised and ready to go, is as potentially dangerous as a live bomb. The test conductor gets the go signal from his console. T-minus 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, I, O, Ignition! . . . Liftoff! Flames lash the pad, a brilliant light blasts the Virginia swamps, a rumble fills the damp sea air, the bird slides from its launcher and into the night sky. Minutes later, its propellants long since consumed in a flashing, ever-faster fight for altitude, the booster hurtles silently into the void of space. The instruments in its nose sample the environment around them, weight it and probe it, while its transmitters report the results in the wierd sing-song tones of telemetry. On the ground, on the Wallops Mainland, the huge dish antenna pulls in the data and sends it to the memory banks of the data processing facility, to be stored and examined at a later date. Its mission accomplished, the vehicle surrenders to the nagging pull of the planet below. The skies over the Atlantic glow briefly, as the earth calls back its own, and the transmissions cease. More than 6,000 vehicles have been launched here, and we have barely begun to understand all that there is to know about our upper atmosphere and beyond. Until the day that we know it all, the men of NASA's Wallops Station will continue to send their mechanical messengers aloft to ask the questions that are our only means of learning. They rarely make the front pages, they seldom make the grandstand plays that capture the attention of the world, but they are learning, and this is the basis of all progress. An important part of Broward jun- ar College's program for the students 5 one that, strangely enough, not nany people know about. This phase if the school's activities is called ntramurals. Last year Rex Brumley, athletic di- ector for the college, commented hat the intramurals program was the lbackbone of the college. When ve first started our athletic program iere all we had was intramuralsf' he aid. From these we eventually drew nur players to compete in intercolle- giate competition, until we finally 'eached the point where we are now. Some students get the impression hat intramurals are only for the male tudents, but this is not so. There ire many activities for the girls, as vell as some co-ed activities. Some of the first semester's activi- ies included basketball, bowling, folleyball, ping pong, flag football md tennis. There were separate 'eams for men and women in basket- Jall and volleyball while bowling and tennis were co-ed. This year, as an extra incentive, Vliss Iudy Blucker and Coach Tom Burke, intramurals co-ordinators, have 2stablished a club trophy to be pre- sented to the club that compiles the nost points in intramurals competi- tion. This is how the winner will be de- iermined. Each club will receive a :ertain number of points for entering 1 team in the different events. Then, according to where they finish at the end of, let's say the football compe- tition, they will receive a certain num- ber of points. So many points will be awarded for a first place finish, so many for second and so on. At the end of the year, after all the activities are over, the points will be totaled up and the club with the highest total will receive the trophy. The purpose of this trophy is two- fold, commented Burke. One it will encourage clubs to enter teams in the competition and two it will give them an incentive to play harder. Last year some 400 students en- tered the varied activities, but Brum- ley pointed out that there could have been more. Our biggest problem in getting students to participate is that we are a commuter college and many of the students live far away from the campus. If we had dormitories I'm sure more students would partici- pate. Any fees or money that is needed for the activities is paid in the begin- ning of the year when the students register. Hence, when they compete in the activities they are not required to pay for anything. So if you like sports and are inter- ested in competing in the intramurals program here on campus why not look into it over at the phys-ed build- ing. It is fun, healthy for you and you might even win a trophy. INTRAIVIURALS by TOM GENOVESE S1.,,ik,, -1i ll I I - -l in ' i I 111 l ' :gg 11 ' H ln- ,....,J if zz' A ' M S-LI: 45 When one person can distinguish himself from a student body of almost 5,000, one might say he was a little more than the average student. Ken Perkins is just that. Ken's in- volvements with ICBC are numerous. Besides making the dean's list every term, Ken has completed his junior college education in 16 months in- stead of the usual two years. Last April Ken served on the committee that went to the school board con- cerning the Dr. Myron Blee faculty controversy. Ken is presently news editor of the Paladin, and is a mem- ber of the Student Activities' Board. Ken founded the Advocates, a campus political party, and the new social society, Lambda Epsilon Pi. He also circulated the petition to change the Dress Code which re- ceived over 500 signatures, a school record. Ken's most recent project has been the co-ordination and organization of junior college volunteers for the Boys' Club of Broward County. Neil S. Crispo, Director of Student Activities, believes that Ken is a very mature person. He has an interest in the school, which most people fail to realize. According to Crispo, 1 believe Ken sincerely wants students to communicate with the faculty and administration in order that faculty and administration become aware of the students feelings and perceptions and that faculty and administration recognize how certain attrilnrtcs effect students. Also that students' opinions may be considered when policies and practices are being formulated. 46 If This is f.,-f X Sf 'X Cwil. , x f N Ken plans to major in political science at Florida Atlantic University. He is constantly demonstrating his politician skills at school and is very tactful in the way he airs all his grievances. Ken doesn't run to the 'sv' is newspaper office and print a front page story on how he disagrees with a particular issue. He simply takes a short walk to the administration office and talks to the particular person whom thc issue pertains to. Ken Perkins I -Hi . r r Dr. Jack Taylor, Dean of Students, regards Ken as being, very construc- tive in the manner in which he alerts the faculty and administration to various important problems regarding V585 K if Y V the student body. Ken has opened up the eyes of the administration to student issues and grievances. Some- thing that few other people have ever achieved. VVhen Ken was asked his main goals for ICBC, he replied: My goals for the junior college have always been the same. I hope to see a strong student body on this campus. This should not be misinter- preted as advocating student power. I don't believe in student power. However, I do feel that the students deserve to be heard in all matters that directly pertain to students. I have a basic belief that all faculty members and all school administrators wish to do the most they can for the students. However. I doubt that they can make truly comprehensive decisions without consulting the people directly con- cernedf' Ken has tried to attain these goals in two ways. First, by keeping the administration aware of the fact that the students are interested and deeply concerned with everything that goes on here at the junior college. XVhere money is spent, what changes are bee ing considered, sight development, and certain administrative change procedures are among his interests. Second, he feels it is equally im- portant to make the students aware of the fact that the administration and faculty are not trying to thwart their every move. and that there are legal and tactful channels available for them to voice their protests and offer their suggestions. Ken Perkins will be moving on to bigger and better things in january- and ICBC will be losing one of its big men on campus. c 47 , Q i li ss ssl Univ Y ll!! lil! liar if S 0 ,Q Sui Y!!! S! lil! lil! G 44 as i . 'sf Q! F! J ii S r 4 Q a iss: bull Iii: Iii! iii! 1154 Sli? Iiii ill! Clif llll xllli 4. W If you attended a university in the Soviet Union you would be in class about 23 hours a week. Many disad- vantages would plague a red co-ed in Russia. Although many changes have been made in the education sys- tem, Soviet students follow a com- pletely different program than the one described by Karl Marx. Marx wrote, Political economy and religion ought not be taught in the lower grade schools or even in the higher ones, that is a kind of edu- cation which must rest with the adult, instructions in these fields should be given in the lecture hall. Only the natural sciences, only truths which are independent of all party preju- dices and permit only one interpreta- tion should be taught in school. Because Vladimir Lenin disagreed with this viewpoint, schools in Russia reflect his idea that education outside of life or politics is a lie. Although Lenin's philosophy is still followed in the Soviet Union, many changes were made when Kruschev became premier. Before 1956, a student in Russia was compelled to attend school for seven years. Following this, three years of higher education were avail- able to him. Now eleven years of primary-secondary schooling are avail- able with eight of the eleven being mandatory. Changes were also made in higher education. Prior to Krushchev's re- visions this higher education was open to all qualified students immediately upon graduation from secondary schools. The state now requires that the secondary school graduate work for two years on the farm or in the factory before enrolling in college. Only about 202 of the graduates are accepted into higher education. Al- though this is very unpopular to the students nothing can be done because of the shortage of university facilities. Now many students attend part-time at night and others take correspon- dence courses until they can enroll full-time . There is no tuition in the U.S.S.R. According to the constitution, the RUSSIA'S Higher Education by VICKI ZIMMERMAN There is no tuition in the U.S.S.R. right to an education is assured by free education in all schools and by a system of state stipend grants to help support students while obtaining an education. The state subsidizes most educa- tional establishments through the na- tional budget. This budget is sup- ported by national taxation. The state stipends are comparable to scholarships in the United States except that they are granted in out- right cash. For all students, tuition is free and books are supplied through libraries. The cash stipends are spent on food, lodging, and bus fare. The amount of financial aid given depends on need, grade attainment, and years in school. Approximately 8092 of the university students receive state stipends. The higher education establish- ments of the Soviet Union can be divided into three main groups: uni- versities, polytechnical institutes, and specialized institutes fcollegesj in which a student may enroll in one of three forms of higher education: full-time study, evening studyg and study by correspondence. In 247 cities and towns in the Soviet Union there are 739 such in- stitutions with a total student body of 2,600,000. Only 10 per cent of these students, however, are enrolled full-time at the 40 universities with the average enrollment of 5,000 at each. The period of study varies from four to six years depending on the field. An arts and science degree takes five yearsg an engineering de- gree requires five-and-a-half years of studyg six years is necessary for a degree in medicine. As education is an integral part of the planned economy of the nation, the state knows what kind of and how many specialists it will require in the future. This planning limits the freedom of the individual in choosing his own career. The largest of the schools is Mos- cow State University, KMCUB, with an approximate enrollment of only -19 26,000: 6,000 of which are women. As a student enters MCU, he finds two campuses: the old buildings in central Moscow house the six facul- ties of the humanities, the six facul- ties of the natural sciences are situ- ated in the new buildings on Lenin Hills in a suburb. The library con- tains over 5,000,000 volumes. MCU has 2,800 professors and research assistants, including three Nobel Prize and 18 Lenin Prize winners. In the huge facilities a student finds four research institutes, 250 laboratories, 163 study halls, three museums, eight field and research stations, a botanical garden, four astronomical observa- tories, a computing center, and a print shop. The curriculum is divided into two terms: the autumn term, from Sep- tember lst to january 23, and the spring term, from February 7 to Iune 30. The elements of instruction vary with the field of study. Cenerally, the student spends from 20 to 25 hours a week in class. For example, if the student wanted to major in physics he would have to take a total of 2,500 hours of instruction in his five and a half years at MCU. His . Q. ii'2V .f, X, A-iQ v:4,K, ,Q 1 L Whit l , 50 lectures take up 2,100, laboratory work about 1,700 hours, and semin- ars and classwork about 1,400. Scholastic progress is assessed by periodic course-credit tests and a final examination. A student who fails to pass a course-credit test is not permitted to take the final examina- tion. Marking is based on a four-de- gree system: Excellent, Cood, Satis- factory, and Unsatisfactory. Of the graduates, only 2095 got excellent, 691 received good or satisfactory, 62 had unsatisfactory, while 595 failed or dropped out. Required courses in the basic cur- riculum are military training and gymnastics with organized sports as extracurricular activity. In addition to 32 sports clubs, Soviet educators recognize extra-curricular groups spe- cializing in subject matter, art, drama, social-political interests, natural sci- ence, and home economics. About 9095 of the students at MCU are members of the Komsomal. Mem- bership in this Young Communist League comes from all Soviet youth, not just students, in the USSR. The primary aim of the Komsomal is to ensure proper political indoc- trination of Soviet youth. It is also supposed to aid school authorities in enforcing discipline, and diligent study. It prepares wall newspapers which publicize meritorious achieve- ments as well as transgressions by students. Other duties include social work, census taking, cleaning class- rooms, etc. It is reported that hundreds of newspaper items attest that the achievements of the Komsomal mem- bers are far from satisfactory. Many students are said to display a couldn't care less attitude, but this attitude is considered only minor. The official Komsomal newspaper has often complained of such things as drunkenness, debauchery, dishonesty and theft. This dishonesty appears to have reached major proportions. It was stated, . . . The pressure to conform, to do well in school, to pass examinations, to win entrance into higher stages of educations, put so profound a burden on the young- sters that cheating has become a major problem in the schools. So enormous is the incentive to get all A's that everyone helps the process along. An anonymous letter was submitted to the Soviet youth newspaper, Kom- somolskaya Pravda. A young boy was confessing that his mother had paid 5,000 rubles fS500.Q to the admis- sion board to get him into the higher school. The Report on Higher Education In the Soviet Union, compiled by Nicholas DeWitt, Director of Non- Westem Studies Project of the United States government, enumerated sev- eral shortcomings of the Soviet edu- cational system. flj If a surplus should develop in any field or the costs of the train- ing made too costly, the quota for admission and the facilities provided would be systematically curtailed. Higher education becomes a means for achievement of defined objectives through planned efforts to realize them. CZJ Each year more than one million secondary school graduates are prohibited from continuing their education because the state has no specific and defined need for them in the fields which it has decided important. Q32 Soviet students are seriously overspecialized at the expense of a liberal education needed for a ma- ture mind. Q41 The prescribed curricula has little flexibility for either the students or the faculty. In the Soviet system a large part of the faculty would ap- pear to be serving the prescribed ends of the state rather than fully realizing themselves as the interpreters and seekers of knowledge. CSD One finds little attention be- ing paid to social sciences as we know them. This has resulted in a serious gap in subject matter. There appears to be little awareness of research un- dertaken in the behavioral sciences in other parts of the world. f6l Soviet universities offer train- ing and not education. It is specific, pragmatic, concentrated indoctrina- tion. It is not liberalizing, wide-rang- ing, thought-provoking intellectual development. UD Research is limited. If there is any duplication of goals, the re- searcher may be aided by findings in other parts of the nation, but he also may be denied funds or otherwise dis- couraged from proceding on his pro- ject if that project may be more effec- tively undertaken by some other person. 181 There is a lack of interdisci- plinary and interprofessional com- munications. Much of the work that would be done on universities Cas in the United Statesj is limited to re- search institutes in the U.S.S.R. This fractering of research facilities inhibits basic inquiry for many researchers in the universities. 191 The planned separation of educational units makes it difficult for the student to seek knowledge in any other field as he is discouraged from transferring from one depart- ment to another, or in some cases, from one city to another. In conclusion, the Soviet student is seriously curtailed in reaching his full potential. Deep orthodoxy and severe specialization in the higher education system hamper personal desires for creative fulfillment. XVhen a student completes the re- quirements for a degree, he, for all practical purposes, owes his soul to the state. He is required to work at any position chosen for him by the state for several years. Usually he is assigned to some far off frontier in Eastern or Southern Russia. The graduate may choose not to accept the position, but that would preclude him from that time forward from working in his chosen discipline. 51 lt 8' . Dr Myron Ashmore Responsible for the Activities of the Junior College of Broward County Faculty Members Serve the Needs of Students It is most unfortunate that the lunior College of Broward County has had to open its fall term and operate without a permanent administrative head. The Board of Public Instruction joins me in commending the staff, faculty, and students for exemplary behavior in the face of discouraging conditions. The junior College appears to be operating smoothly and efficiently. The administrative issue at the junior College is a legal one and certainly should remain at the upper administrative level. Faculty members have been requested to concentrate their efforts and abilities to serving the needs of students. XVhile the administration issue is of growing concern to all of us, it need not affect the quality of instruction within the classroom. The junior College of Broward County is a growing institution and is beset with the trials and tribulations usually found accompanying growth. These can be anticipated until the population becomes reasonably static. However, growth is necessary to produce au excellent viable program of instruction. The rleveloprneut of this type program should be the primary concern of all asso- r-intl-rl xvitli the college, Dr. Myron Aslnnore Superintendent of Public Instruction Faculty AE-+?T'-T l'T1Il'1IStr3tiOn wi 1 2 I E NA: HKE RfUUf5T5'l53 M FURPURCHHSEUF TEXTBUUKSHT ncnlCTfR Administration Jack D. Taylor B,S., M.A,, Ed.D. Dean of Students 'hes ef 45 f . g , . 1 'S-...,.-mr Homer M. Ledbetter Edward F. Kotchi George H. Voegel Donald P. la Rowe A.B., B.S., M.A., Ed.D. B.S., M.Ed. B.S., M.Ed. B,S., M.B.A. Associate Dean Associate Dean Associate Dean Administrative Assistant to the General Education Technical Education Learning Resources President and Director of Personnel Robert E. Hall Robert N. Melott V B. Arch. BAS., M,A, Director of Campus Planning Director of Data Systems 't cgi? . J. any mi up x Lester B. Trussler Frank J Scalise Grad . ' Y W. D k J k G. P k Qfsgsmf' B-56,MAA.f 51:11 H as., a.s. an iiise anis., M.if,iilt , 'feflof 0 . Director of Library Services Director of Finance Guidance and Counseling and Accouming 54 L. ' 'PES' 4?-' FACU LTY 42' ,,..' e.. '5 -S. x is 65 t .lp fGi- k g F 'X . 1. , , ,vw- .Qt T 6.5 Y A -4 .1 xx dur, J, x 1 cv 1. 'VY A f .3 -1 5 . i 'as 6 . Rfk. ,, fs f , -can ETLH L a ' In ex ,J lg - N E 1 N ,T Frances Abbott B.S., M.S. Biology Betty Jean Adkins B.A., M.A. English la Monte E. Anderson B.S.Ed., M.F.A. Art Alton B. Andrews B.5.,M.Ed. Physical Education Alvin D. Aurand B.S., M.S. Engineering William G. Bailey B.5.,M.Ecl. Chemistry Wayne E. Barton B.A., M.A. Education Jacquelyn E. Bethel B.A., Nl.Ed. Business Administration Dan H. Bishop B.S., M.A. Physics Audelia Blankenship B.M., Nl.M. Music Judith Ann Blucker B.S., M.S. Physical Education Ben Backstage, Jr. B.S., M.S. Mathematics aff? V' vs,-4 , ?Yiis.. if ,lx c1 , lx -- J fig V ,r 11 X .Vx Al N9 William C. Bowen B.S. Aerospace Donna Rae Branson B.S., M.Ed, English Mariarie Brantferger B.S., M.Ed. Nursing Margaret E. Brashears B.S., Ed.M. Counselor Cora Braynon B.S., M.P.H. Nursing James J. Brock B S., M.Ed. Data Processing Charles W. Brogdon B.S., M.S. English Stewart M. Brawn B.A.E., M.Ed. Political Science 55 og ,f Rex Brumley B,S., M.A. Director of Athletics 'X N ,Ns . ' 5 if ' new A 5. f John M. Bunch B.A.E., M.Ed, History x J 'Sit QM? 'S ,..., in l xx. Q, wg, I 'wffri ... J , :,, :A f X' ,.,:, y 1.'Q l im ff' , W ' QL r so ,gr We 1 u L 2- s. C ' to QT? ' 1 X gf 13. . . es I I Til , . f ., jx Jr 1. flsiil' Q L I' v .gli l A . X .- ZZ. 4'-r A -ef-fs fn. ' 'pw JY, ' X 56 Marina Burdick B.A., M.A. Spanish Phyllis Jane Burgoyne B,S , M.A. Counselor Thomas H. Burlxe B.A., M.A. Physical Education John F. Burke B.S, Electronics Lono Burns B A., M A, English Alfredo A. Caballero B.A., M.A. Spanish Gibson A. Cameron, Jr. A.S,, M.Ed. Counselor Bernard M, Campbell B.A., M,A. Language and Literature Mary Jo Carl B,S., M.A. English Robert C. Cassell B.S., M.S., Ph.D. Science Paul W. Cauffiel B.A., M.S., Ed.D. Psychology and Education George J. Cavanagh B.A., M.A. Speech 9- .u....... ,.,- 0 if. zz i X ' ki SPI YYY. :qi-A9 .. ,- 'R Thomas Cavendish B.Nl., M.M.Ed., Ph.D Music Gordon Chesser B.S., M.S. Mathematics Norman Chinoy B.A., M.A., M.S. History Ralph T. Clark B.A., M.A. History George D. Clement B.S.E., M.Ed. Mathematics Glodwyn Comes B.S., M.S. Astronomy J Q 'x y l Y . 'x .Y-i X . 104m . li ' wg ,. I t uv g. so S7 'Pt' X-Q ,fm R Jane Erickson B.S., M.Ed. Physical Education James C. Condon B,A., M.S. Geology Hurry E. Crews B.A., M.Ed. English Neil Crispo B.S., M.S. Student Activities and Sociology Hamilton T, Crowell Ph.B,, M.A. English Lucius D. DeYampert B.S., M.S.T, Geology Lee Farthing Dickerson e.s., MA. English .41 ..- D, ...K V V A -,lf . Is dl .-Q, ,- .X Mariarie B. Esco BA., M.A. Speech Joan E. Everhart B.S., M.S, Business Administration Xt X M xl, A ,xg-ix i ,- A -. til fs-el . ,Rm ,li f, 75 Gif I L A. iQ x' I fe 'Q A - 3 B ' ' ' 5 it 2 A L 4 A 'Q ,,,, 5 Q . l ' iv. l sd 2 xl l 2' ' ' Pliib -. . 1 x . ,,., -x lawrence Ray Dieterich, Jr, 8.5. HotelfMotel Administration Catherine Marie Dinnen B.A., M,A, History Timothy W. Donohue B.A,, LLB , M B.A. Business Administration louise R, Dowerman B.A., B,S. in L.S. Librarian Otto S. Dowlen, Jr, B.Ed , MA. Geography La Verne H. Dreizen B S., M.T. Medical Assisting Judith N. Duckham B.A.,M.Ed. English Helen V. Dumas B.S., MA. Nursing Elvira Dunlevy B,A., M.S. Speech Mary C. Dunne B.S.N.E., M.A. Nursing M. J. Ellis B.S , M.Ed, Data Processing Bernardine English BA., M.A. Psychology , E il 3 57 5 ,ev or f E: , K v-- L:vX 1, 1 'Q' K . 1 X . '. are Ns' fi 4 , 1.1 ' , VY W I wif, ffl- if. f so-. X- X L L' K .r 4 . 2 x' . J 1 I ' A! , wi. to AEQ., s '-X f lo-Y. Piedad Ferrer A.B., M.A. Spanish Alma Jean King Flint B.S., M.Ed. Physical Education Arthur H. Foss B.A., M.A. Mathematics Bernard Fritze B.S.Ed., M.S. Biology Elaine Gavigan B.S., M.A. Physical Education Wilbur H. Gifford B.S.P.E., M.P.H. Physical Educaiion Lucile H. Glaze B.S., M.A. English M. Ray Gover B.S., M.A. Assistant Registrar Russell B. Green B.S., M.Ed. Art Burton S. Greenstein B,S.E,E. Electronics V. 0. Guinn B.S., M.Ed. Chemistry Ronald Hnire B.S., M.S. Chemistry X' ir-'f . J John P. Hays B.A., M.A., M.Ed. History 'F L SL Neda E. Hill B.A., M.Ed. English -x o ,lg w no 'fi 'X A l f U V iv ci' I s X L Richard D. Hill, Jr. B.S., M.Ed. Physical Sciences Terry Hamilton B.Ed., M.A. Biology Chester Hondlemun A.B., M.A., Ed.M. History Holt W. Harner B.S., M.S. Biology Max. W. Harper B.A., M.A. History Maureen Han B.S., M.S. Sociology Harold B. Hayes B.A.J., M.E., Ph.D. Publications and Journalism 3 xl if-, Minerva Holmberg B.A., M.A. Biology Lucille Holmes B.S., M.S. Biology Jaan H. Holloway B.A., M.A. Business Administration Wilthelma Holt B.S. Nursing Marilyn Harnquist B.S., M.A.T. Mathematics Doris M. Horton B.S., M.S. Secretarial Science Charles B. Howell, Jr. B.S., M.B.A. Business Administration K ii i I . ,QQ mils J 'I A 3? X -8 . x .1 5' I Q Adolph M Koch Julie Koenig Mary C. Ladwig B A M A Ph D B.A., M,A. B.S,N.,M.Ed. B J English Nursing Eleanor lddings B,5,, M.A. Business Administration Carole Inglese B.S., M,Ed. Reading Specialist Emory Lane Jackson B,A., M.A. Psychology Dale K. Jensen B.M,E., M.M.E., M.Ed. Music Grace Johnston B.A., M,A. English Paul H, Kaufman B.S., M.L. Business Administration Willard R. Kempton B.A., M.A. French Marlene l. Kennedy B.S., M,S. Business Administration Rex C. Kidd B.S., M.Ed. Education Gladiola G. King B.S. Medical Assisting Technology Nancy S. King B.S.N. Nursing Alicelee Klein B.S. Nursing 59 x . . . r .,s 1 bays, ' .x Eq-2. N FTN: x '43 E, ' as hs, if 'P--is Q .f Q, li I .,c we-j y v . , Q fi 7 763 I J' rv-K 'w' U X Sie' I 'I 3 QR . : in f-3 , V M- ,- -'EIC y in fx ti fu , 1 A ' ' R. L. Landers B.B.A., M.E. Physical Educatian John F. lotz B.S., Ed.D.,M.A. Business Administration Nancy MacNamara B.S., M.A. Physical Education Joel M. Martin B.S., M.A.E. Astronomy George F. McCall, Jr. B.S., M.Ed. Counselor William P. McCarthy B.B.A. Police Science and Criminology William M, McGehee B.S., M.A. Physical Education James F. McGowan B.S., M.A. Police Science and Criminology Betty McMillion BA., M.A. Music John W. Medusky B.S., M.S., M.5.T. Mathematics Adele Miller B.S., M.A. Nursing Clurice Moreth B.S., M.S. Biology Clinton E. Morris B.S., M.A. Physical Education Mildred Mullikin BA., M.A. Speech and Drama Z? or 'U if , l 'I K 5 A 'S - vi i -cr' 2 'S- 1 Qc-1 X X., F ..., 1 i . il 'sf Marshall Nance J.D. Business Administration Ronald A. Narel B.A., M.A. Counselor Dennis W. Neely B.A., M.Ed. Business Administration Ellen G. Nelms B.S., M.Ed. Chemistry Donald Nichols B.A., M.A. Speech Judith R. Nichols B.Ed., M.A. English Pearl M. Nitlca BA., M,Ed. Reading Specialist Robert Nixon B.5. Aerospace Curtiss W. Oakes B.S., M.A. Political Science 4 Q.-...F , .., 5 X I X x Q f F' 1 A N P 'Q Nfq x ffl Harvey B. Oates i B.S., B.A., M.A., Ed.D. Business Administration Elsie E. Owen B.A., M.A. English David E. Factor B.5., M.A. Art Dudley A. Palmer B.S.A. Landscape Sciences Technology Mary Pardee B.A., B.S. in LS. Librarian Thomas F. Parker B.S.Ed,, M.A. Counselor Mary Q. Paul B.S., M.5. Business Administration John Pawlowski B.A., M.A. Spanish Frances Pedigo B.A., M.A., Pl1.D. English NGERmNr 9.1 mmm i -fr X i 5? -2 .. ,,,l. , , N f . , '1'1 . ik' 5 YQ 2 xl .e an 4 13. ' . M4- 1 X iffy. , , .' 9 V 5 to X ' ! iii 1 Q-iii - i iw av R W ,Q 1 Sf A f x Q iz, YQ, . . A 4 4... V A' ' Mary l.. Perfect B.S., M.S. Mathematics Jarrett C. Pharr B.A., M.A. Spanish Mildred Poster B.S. Medical Assisting Technology Margaret F. Porter B.A., M.Ed, Reading Specialist William A. Porlerfield B.S., M.A. Physical Education Dale Ratliff B.A., Th.M. Psychology Danna Raul: B.A., M.A. English Robert P. Reagan M.S., B.S. Physics John l.. Redding, Jr. B.A., M.A. History C. E. Rhodes B.A., M.A. Physics Donald C. Rigg B.A., M.Ed. English George Roberts B.A., M.A. Psychology G1 Albert Robertson ' B.A., M.Ed. 8' Business Affairs V r . AK Ann K, Roe -5' 5 B.S., M.A.Ed. J- Nursing 4 I f. ff as JSR: .5!f,5ff - Glen A. Rose B.S., M.P.H.E. ... 2 Assislunt Registrar 1 X, K Reyburn R. Roulston l .x B.A., M.A. . 'V ' Business Administration . y he will , L 5 Nl... Thomas J. Ryan, Jr. B.S., M.A. ' Qu History X Daris l.. Sums B.A., M.Ed. Counselor if l I x --g K Maxine G. Schenks . B.A., M.A. ' t, Business Administration 5,1 .- .. ,- I 4 -' ii X 4l ' Edward J. A. Schindeler B.S., M.A. Political Science ijiaxcfl i A Lois D. Schull a.A., M.A. Librarian ' r .E 62 Q 15'- I VA 39 ' H 'Q-si A 1. .52 .M ,es ec N W 'T i ,ex if . 1 .X- ? fb L 1 Q3 - as e lg ' .T N. John A. Scigliano B.5.Ed. Technical Education Fred L. Scolt B.S., M.Ed., M.A. Data Processing David Alun Shaw B.A., M.Ed. English Llewellyn Shekmar B.A., M.A. Librarian Russell Sheldon F.A.A. Aerospace Peter S. Shenosky B.S,, M.A. Business Administration Frank P. Sivik B.S.,M.5. Biology Natalie G. Smith B.S., M.A., Ph.D. German George Spuhn B.5., B.S.C.E., M.S. Physics Norman S. Stebner B,S., M.A. English Howard G. Stephens B.S., M.A. Physical Education Merrill Stuut B.A., M.A. English K-.. X N X I 'xv W 'iv ,gy - .,-.S Q Kp 'S - . ' iii 3 1 'sv x , 7 '-x 1. , ii 2 of James T. Teahan A.B., M.Ed. English Harald John Theriault B.S., M.S. History lawrence D. Tube B.S., M.A. Art Philip L. Trees B.S., M.A. Business Administration Charles S. VanArsdall B.S., M.A. Mathematics Arthur VanMeeveren B.A., M.A. English Aurelia Wagner B.A., M.S. Counselor Mary E. Wallace B.S., M.A. Art Lewis A. Warwick B.A., M.A. Mathematics Leon Watts B.S., M.A. Counselor David Wegman B.S., M.B.A. Business Administration John C. Weldon B.A., M.A. French E lea ,,-5 . dn i , beg, w Q , Q 1' S f H ll . I is 1 X 15 1 Y' John D. Wells B.A., M.A. Philosophy Marion N. West B.A., M.A. Business Administration Leroy W. Wheat B.S., M.A. Physical Edurotion Ormand Whipple B.S. Drafting 8- Design and Building 81 Contracting Albert A. Will, Jr. B.L.A., M.S. Biology Jimmy O. Woodls B.A., M.M. Music Ray L. Yater B.A., M.A. English 63 U4 mg: N, THE gf, '- . . . So I hut em first thing with a 50-questlon popqt followed that up with a term paper assignment, threw, . ' ' of 'em out for excess absence and topped the w oe' 3 l . by turning in a dress code violatorl l HSTRoNoMV I O 5 ON 'V rf if Qll. H f E .:.' . . . lwyl A V A Y t SIDE X l Q ' QCVIQR7 . ' j l 1 wl1o's been messing with the projector? I l os X UC B C Sill A sf-if ll Q 5, LIBRARY g ? '-pc-'L lil ill-l 7 X 2 SUM if ta 5. CQ 6 q E- Z M tl D O 1 is I X k ' r X A 4 ,4!ll,l l . X L-Q f-'31-li-5,7 ,. W 64 ' M 339-rfy lt's OK, F -B by we're c ll t' g material for P K Walch Gr dy D k h ll IPS when hill WV I-EATURE WRITERS 1. ax I f sv, .Qi , ff n 'ATP ri iq JEFF BREIN, author of Peanuts and The Serendipity Singers is the Director of the campus radio show, news director of WMIR, and a staff reporter for the Paladin. . ,ff M 2. jk if as sl fi i . JAY STEELE, author of Social Societies graduated from Stranahan High School in '67, He is a Freshmen Senator and an active member of Alpha Theta Chi. 35' BARBARA SACHS, author of This Is Ken Perkins and Stage 67 plans to further her education at the University of Florida, where she intends to make her major journalism. EDWARD DEMPSEY, author of Space On A Shoe String and Aerospace writer for the Silver Sands, hopes to attend the University of Florida and continue his education in Ioumalism. t ia. -..A NANCY DAVIS, author of Orientation is a freshman at JCBC. Nancy is majoring in journalism at the college. She graduated from Stranahan High School where she worked on the school's publication. X , mr.. .,. A ' -fig V ' 9' ix X . U! . SUE FEE, author of The Trials of Registration, is a freshman from Fort Pierce, Florida. Suc hopes to attend the University of Florida next year. IERRIE NOVVLIN. author of Married Student Learns Lesson of Life, is a freshman majoring in music. Upon graduating from Broward Iunior she hopes to teach voice to children in elementary school. BARB SALTER. author of Reed Love A Duck and That VVas The VVeek', graduated from South Broward High School in '67 where she was managing editor of the school paper, The Bulldog Tale. Barb is presently on the staff of the Paladin and hopes to continue her education at the University of Florida. ,gi J' J 0'm'. J. agp , c lj, - UHF' Q S- , P fy sr n ,r f SH. SA N V I I .,. ,f I -X f 1 f 1 'cf'- .. -. .41 . 42: ' ' 1 . . L . ,F ,-.75-.:'5'5' . r- f ' ' -f-jg -IE DS 1 7-4 . ,WD ' 'U ,J' ,J 1 . ., .. f ' ,...x,,-XF: ... ' ':.Lf I f O, f 4 r Lf -f r , . 6' . 1' , .,, .., ' '1 r - ' ' T 'gg ,-:L , - f b -:fl .1,,,: f -' ' ': 1--1:-? ' ' '1 r ' .-.fx - .1 - ,,f- f' H -,gr , ,- -4 ' 'T if- . .,-' ....f:':' ' . 7,- V 1. . -.:,, -' -f- ,.-.7,':f - ,f , , G-1-'g', ': ' 'T ff VU l 5, 1. .NIJ I , -71 I. f uf. 14152 Ll.-1 'liz .. 'T . .buzifa ,ji-.25 4 I . , . rf-- , . . ' '::'5:-1:-f 7 3, .- ,W .. ,f-., ..f . -. IVIARCH 1968 STAFF AND ADVISORS Editor-in-Chief A A A ,,.. Cail Dooher Staff Assistants Debbie Bates, Marty Foutz, VV. C. Flanagan Photographers A Don Hood, Tom Genovese Artists A Paul Harding, Larry Sullivan Art Advisor A A ,A LaMonte Anderson Director of Publications Dr. Harold B. Hayes Chairman, Division of Language and Literature Bernard M. Campbell Dean of University Parallel Programs Dr. Homer M. Ledbetter The Silver Sands is a quarterly magazine published bv the students and financed by the student activity fund. I LV E R S A N Junior College of Broward County Today's Music - Chris Maybee ......,,.A,... ...... The Underground - Maria Teresa Dulzaides .,,.,,., New Learning Resources - Barb Self ..,..,............ Learn The Facts About Your Dreams - Messinger Wigs - Sharon Brown .....,.,..,, .. .......... , JCBC Spirit - Kathy Horner ,.,......r......r.........,.....,. The Growing Use of Computers-Richard Roskowe The Republican National Convention-Don Pletzke How To Beat The Draft - Bill Flanagan., ........ .. The Lord Of The Rings - Mary McBride ,....,,..,.., Mlm Skirts - .lerrle Nowlun T ..,.4, .,,....,,,..... ,... . CONTENTS 2 Chad and Jeremy - Bill Flanagan ..,.. ..,...., 4 How To Buy A Good Used Car - Sue Schmid 6 Who Loves An Egghead - Suzie Bigney r...,. 8 Hocus Pocus In Focus - Barb Salter... .,.. .. 12 Mononucleosis - David Kalbach. .,.......... .. 'l5 Cartoons '68 - Marty Foutz ..,..... .....,.,..... .... T8 You May Be Better Off Than You Think - 20 Lynette Reynolds ....,,,,. ,. . ,,,. ..,. . 24 With Time Comes Change r.............. 26 Scuba Diving - Branson Willis ..... 30 Hurricanes - Mike Sowers .,,,.... Cartoons . ,....... ., JW' at v Qtr. M L f . - . 'Q - -X if 1 ., , . , V..,. f , V A 'Y Jiffa. lf .5 -i ' '- it 2-353-ff' ' P ra ' wan ew aQf'facewfNQ ' SHEAR SUT! MUSIC by CHRIS MAYBEE Today music is alive! More than ever before music is directly concerned with what people are doing. Most im- portant the music is real. It's about freedom, honesty, sensuality and rebellion. It is disgusted by conformity, pretense and false nationalism and patriotism. The people that make the music come alive are real too. They have real names like Peter, Paul and Mary and Simon and Carfunckel, and they have real goals in life that their music works for, like Ioan Baez, and the music may be based on real expeiiments with the drugs that have become part of the scene of the sixties. Sixteen-year-old songwriter janis Ian sums up some of the feelings of today's youth culture, XVe're most con- cerned about communication. For one person to touch another, without lying. Unlike the older writers, we want to talk about real things and give our point of view in our own way. For the people who haven't real rl it yet, pop-music is a very different thing than it was in the 1950's. A 2 decade ago the young music makers tif you could call them thatj were robots. They were told what to say and how to say it. Their press conferences had some of the finest examples of patented answers and generaliza- tions to date. Today's pop heroes are very much themselves. Bob Dylan acts the same at a plush press conference as he does when he is at home in Woodstock, New York. If Donovan opposes the war in Vietnam, he says so. And he doesn't worry about his image. This freedom has al- lowed the music to get much deeper than the sickly- sentimental lyrics of the fifties. The music of today is best understood by the young, by the people who are making it. Yet, it isn't beyond anyone. And everyone should try to understand it, if not for the sake of music, then for the sake of what the music is saying about today. Even the Beatles are developing a type of subtle adult music, melodies as beautiful and well known as any classic. The American beginnings of pop may have developed with Elvis Presley. But its real birthplace was Liverpool, England where it was spawned by four talents who have never lost their place at the top. For the skeptics who thought the Beatles would never last, after four years their music is still as excitingly beautiful, meaningful and as popular as ever. Pop got its soul from Chuck Berry and Ray Charles and its beat from Motown. Now it's flashing lights, beads and long hair in San Francisco with the Jefferson Airplane and the Grateful Dead and it's moving in many different directions - baroque, Indian, electronic and psychedelic. Where will pop go? The farther out it goes the farther in it will become, and it will go out farther. The sounds of today are not the superior chaos in which many people classify them. They are definite types and styles, and they are definable. First there is rock, the essential basic beat. Boom, boom, boom. Hard Rock: The beat is the main objective and it is sustained by simple percussion and electric guitars. The Spencer Davis Group and the very early Rolling Stones used this style. Folk Rock: The beat plus the message. A quiet, soul- searching type of music with very definite poetic qualities. The qualities of people like Simon and Garfunckel, Bob Dylan and Donovan. Raga Rock: Started by Ravi Shankar, a serious Indian classical musician who plays the sitar, a multistringed instrument that can become a one man string orchestra. Raga rock has an Indian mystic or oriental beat and uses the sitar fwhich has recently been electrifiedj and the table Ca small, complicated percussion instrumentj. George Harrison brought it from India and Shanka and started to use it in the Beatles music starting with Rubber Soul album. It spread quickly and can now be heard in almost all, barring soul, of the latest hits. Acid Rock: Of course, the San Francisco sound. Though acid equals LSD, acid rock can deal with any kind of escape including that brought about by music alone. It is what supports the drifting melodies of the jefferson Airplane and the Grateful Dead. The Beatle's album, Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Heart's club band is part psychedelic Cacidj rock but it creates a sound in itself, too. Soul music: Probably the oldest of pop music, it is derived from Negro blue and gospel. There is no social protest, just emotion. The most well know, almost the king and queen of soul are James Brown and Aretha Franklin. Blue-eyed Soul: White musicians that try for the earthiness of soul but never quite get down to it. People like Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels, the Righteous Brothers and Wayne Cochran Qsometimes called james Brown's white brotherj. What they do is good, and many times the listening masses like the modifications it makes on true soul. Shock Rock: Censorable. It's not usually played by radio stations and it's not usually missed by most students. Good-timey music: Soft, melodious and sometimes reminiscent of vaudeville The Mamas and Papas play it and have made themselves, or tried to, a legend with it. The Association, who gets the support of everyone from ten to seventy-years-old. Grandmothers get misty eyed with their granddaughters. 4 5-if i t ' E The Moby Grape 3 You can't say you're from the 'un- dergroundf' That sounds dangerous. So believes underground filmmaker Barbara Rubin, 21. This new cinema art with the moni- ken of underground movies, has no explanation or understanding, for its existence is its own reason for being. The New American Cinema, in the next ten years, will bring about inno- vations to the entertainment and cultural standards causing radical changes. This revolution has already started. At the moment, it has be- come an organized, recognized avant- garde movement. The one quality that all under- ground movies share is it has less to do with aesthetic and political radical- ism than with economics, their being non-commercial. Distribution from Film-Makers Cooperative, represent- ing such large firms as United Artist, and Twentieth Century-Fox. have been rejected. Independent film mak- ers prefer to control distribution of their own films. Through the 150 commercial thea- ters, and some university film socie- ties, one million out of the fifty mil- lion movie-goers in the U. S. get to see underground films. Film makers have always been part of the breakdown of old conventions, representing in a way the state of present culture. The avant-garde filmmakers of the underground are trying to show the life around them as they each see it. They are people with lenses in their heads, film in their vicera and splicers in their fingers. producing film which touch more nerves than people accept. People are realizing movies don't have to be just stories, expressed artist Ed Emshwiller. The underground film is a one man job, as personal and as varied as the people behind the cameras. Every- thing they do is not necessarily good. On the other hand people have criti- cized it, as they associated it with pornography. One form of boldness that the underground movie-makers do possess is a proud candor in respect to sexual matters. This candor leads to a display of nakedness that has be- come almost a trade mark of the films, at least in the minds of some spec- tators. Jonas Mekas, the 44-year-old Lithu- anian born filmmaker, has been called the Napoleon of the underground and the St. Francis of Assisi trying to teach kindness to a bloodthirsty mosquito. He has said, The underground has passed the larvae stage and is ready to furnish the public with intelligent and independent films that Holly- wood neglectsf' He added, The un- derground movie started from scratch, like a dirty boy. The new cinema even used dirty words. It hated its parents. It landed in jail. Now, it still has pimples on its face and still makes mistakes. But it refuses to undergo Hollywood plastic surgery to correct them. The diverse underground films cover such topics as: a torn rubber doll in a junk heap, static depiction of a man smoking a cigar, a camera exploration of a woman's body, an interminably depiction of the Empire State Building existing. a gory se- quence of a pigs slaughter, and a charade of self-consciousness. As ir- relative as the characters in the movies, they are just as meaningful as Edward Albee's spiteful comedians and john Updike's poetic suburban- ites. The predecessors of the avant-garde movement in the cinema have been poets and painters such as Salvador Dali, Fernand Leger, Man Ray, Luis Bunel, and jean Cocteau. Their suc- cessors, today, are such artists as Ed by MARIA TERESA DULZAIDES Emshwiller, Andy Warhol, Gregory Markopoulos, Ionas Mekas, Stan Van- derbeek, Bruce Conner, Peter Gold- man, Stan Brakhage, and George and Mike Kuchars. Gregory Markopoulos stated the difference between Hollywood movies and underground movies, . . . the audience will see badly exposed shots, for an underexposure or an overex- posure to me is like an artist mixing his colors. Some characters will have pimply faces, with no make up. Ama- teur actors, no actors, shots held at changing hours, and sometimes no shots at all but a blank screen. Each filmmaker has his own style. At 17, Kenneth Anger made what is considered a classic of underground, Fireworks, a fantasy about a young Q man's experiment into the nightmare ' world of sadomasochistic homosexu- ality. In another of his work which was produced later, Hell's Scorpio dramatized a gang of motorcycle wor- shippers and their ritual of violence. . The apex of underground movies is considered to be Andy Warhol's The Chealsea Girls photographed in the XValdorf of New York's Bohemis, the Chealsea Hotel. It gives a documen- tary of homosexual fantasies revealed . to the camera. Other art films which have been: superior to many of the commerciall cinemas, have been produced by l Gregory Markopoulos. At 18, he' made Psyche, which is a study of 1 a young woman seeking some hope 3 in the generation which the adults called the lost generation. ' The comic-omious films are col- lections of old newsreels, movies, pic- tures, which show life from the com- ing of the camera, to today's atomij world. Artist Bruce Conner, consid- ered the most brilliant film editor of j the underground, used in his news- N reel Report a thirteen minute-long1 THE UNDERGRCUND 4 film on the assassination of President Kennedy. Peter Goldman shows us in his film, Echos of Silence a city which is the great battleground of heart- breaks, being the filthiest, largest, most seductive and dangerous thing in the world. Films a Window Water Baby Moving, 'iDog Star Man, and The Art of Vision express the idealism of rotten? The parody makers of the under- ground are said to be Mike and George Kuchars whose films have to be seen to be believed. Their films have been described by jack Kroll as a parody of the outrageously bad Hollywood movies, the kind in which jeff Chandler meets the Wolf Man and they start a girls' school with Debra Paget on the beach at Waikiki. He adds, The world is collapsing, it's going to collapse. I had this feel- ing always that it isn't going to last. Movies like to depict that collapse. This message of collapse seems to be the theme of all underground films. Although the audience is not very large compared to commercial films, the future of underground movies appears assured as they have already produced a special audience tnle underground films. The images give us the entire realm of perception, thought and feeling. Stan Brakhage uses films as the tongue of prophecy and morality. He attempts nothing more than visual perception of man's consciousness. To Jonas Mekas, this underground movement has established a fight against, what he calls the corrupted, obsolescent reflection of a hopelessly cormpt society, which is the com- mercial cinema, even when it is in the hands of the most brilliant prac- titioners. To the new artist, he has said, the fate of man is more important than the fate of the art - what's the use of cinema if man's soul goes They have made the kitchen, the cor- ridors, and rooftops of New York Bronx fantasy arenas of desire, dis- aster, kismet and despair. The Ku- chars turn Bronx juicy wenches into exotics maidens, and their mother into a domesticated Dietrich, and all odds and ends into the horror of urban life. Mike expressed how they felt to- ward the sex in their films saying, . . . sex is only secondary. The mel- ancholy aspect is the thing. Sex is a universal thing and melancholyf' Of their new film George says, I have a new film. It's about a big col- lapse in a person. It is personal, it's a big picture about the collapse of a guy who fits into the whole struc- ture of everything that is collapsing. +...,.,N- k S-al of their own. Elia Kazan, film director, said, Their audience will follow these films. I have an open ear to what they have to say and I appreciate what they have to teach us. The scratching will go deeper as the film develops for this new type of medium has changed the feeling of the movies. Ken Jacobs, director of the Millen- nium Film Workshop, said, In the past we went to the movies and we were pounded by them, overwhelmed by them. We thought we could never make a film. Now the new cinema creates the possibility for that person sitting in the movies to go out and work toward his own vision. 5 ' 9 ' 1 'fl New Teaching Aids Help Students Comprehend Work The junior College of Broward Iounty is growing in many ways. One Nay that you may not be aware of is the expansion of the learning re- :ources at the college. The language lab is one of the iewest learning devices. In the future :he lab will be able to play tapes into :lassrooms in the C-building. There are also other devices which iave been incorporated into classroom nstruction. One of these devices is a :able top machine that is used for naking overhead transparencies. An- Jther device is the copy machine which is located in every instructional Jffice. A new machine which will be ,n operation soon is a device that avill make different sized images for :he overhead projector. Other devices :hat you are well acquainted with are the slide projectors and tape recorders. Mr. George Vogel, head of In- structional Services, said, These :eaching aids give the instructor a greater awareness of which is best, audio, visual or both, to help the student comprehend the work. Vogel ilso stated that the biggest problem s that the instructor must decide zvhich material will be used as an nstructional aid. In the future the college will also have a new television system. The college will be electronically hooked to the ITV center. Once the wiring is completed the college will have the ability to originate programs from here. Every classroom will be wired to the ITV distribution room. The col- lege itself will not have a TV studio. The five-way hook up will allow a five-channel system. This system will enable five programs to be aired at one time. The television will also allow for playing back video tapes. These video tapes will be of programs that have been on the regular TV channels. Video tapes will be acquired from other colleges and area TV stations. No program will be shown unless it has been requested by the faculty. Vogel said, The television system will allow flexibility in class instruction and will be teacher oriented. The college will have ten video tape recorders and ten television cameras. These cameras will process the ability of image magnification. For example, the television can be attached to a microscope thus enabl- ing the instructor to point out a mat- ter of great importance. This will be of great help in biology classes and lab experiments. The television will also be of great help as a diagnostic tool. A regular home sized TV antenna will be attached to the library roof. This antenna will be able to feed signals from other stations to the video tapes. Vogel stated that the implement concept of circulation is rather frag- mented and the volume for teaching aids has become much greater. Next on the agenda of new leam- ing resources is the computer pro- gram. At the present the college maintains a 36Of30 IBM computer. This computer contains 32,000 bits of information. It will be updated with a 360f-10 computer and will contain 65,000 bits of information. This greater capacity will allow the computer to do more things. Remote terminals, which resemble typewriters, will be located in the science, technical, and two other buildings. These terminals will inter- act with the main computer in an- other building. This new computer program will allow for faculty development. A series of training courses have been set up. In order for an instructor to take this course he must have time, energy and interest in the program. At present a course entitled Fortran Four is being conducted. This course is involved with the language of the computer. An extension of this course will be offered next term. After tak- ing this course the instructors will be in a position to use the remote term- inals. In the beginning the computer pro- gram will be somewhat limited as it is a delicate system and will not be large enough for the main computer to compute to the remote terminals in other buildings. As Vogel stated, As electronics get more complex the utilization of de- vices becomes simpler. 7 All dreams can be considered to have analytical value. However, ac- cording to Professor Sigmund Freud, M. D., LL. D., even the senseless and disconnected ones can be explained. Dr. Adolph Koch, counselor and psychology instructor at the junior college, states that dreams perform a real and necessary function for the human being. That is, dreams release pressures which are built up during the waking life. Thus, the dream pro- duces the same effect as a valve on a steamship boiler. In Freud's book, The Interpretation of Dreams, he states that there is a psychological technique to interpret- ing dreams. After many years of study and analysis, he concluded that most dreams represent psychological struc- tures of significanceg and can be as- signed a specific place in psychic ac- tivities of the waking state. Dr. Koch commented that the portion of the dream which is reported is its mani- fest content and usually contains lit- tle value psychologically speaking. XVherc as the significant portion, or the latent content, is commonly ig- nored and can only be interpreted by a competent analyst. Thus, the dream can be described as an iceberg. Only 30 per cent of the structure is visible above the water surafce - the latent portion remaining submerged. In primitive items theories related dreams to the world of supernatural beings. Gods and demons were thought to have sent inspiration through dreaming. Also, it was be- lieved that dreams could predict the future. Aristotle was the frist man in his- tory to publicly state that dreams were not a supernatural revelation or divine in origin. Their only relation- ship to the divine was their sujectivity to laws of the human spirit or the psychic activity of the sleeper. Hippocrates became known for his relating dreams to disease and intense sensation. For example, an individual may become slightly wann - the first indication to a physician of some in- cipient physical change. The sleeper may dream of walking through fire and feel severly hot. Dream theories vary greatly and are controversial in nature. Concern- ing the relation of dreams to the waking state, Freud states, The wak- ing life, with its trials and joys, its pleasures and pains. is never re- peated, on the contrary. the dream aims at relieving us of these. Another theory states that the dream continues the waking life. Dreams always connect themselves with ideas which have just previously been present in consciousness. After LEARN careful examination, a thread is nearly always found which links the dream to some experience of the previous day. Further study leads to the theory that the content of dreams is always more or less determined by the per- sonality, age, sex, station in life, edu- cation, habits, and by events and experiences of the entire past life of the individual. Dr. Koch states the dreams arise from reactions in the subconscious affecting the goals and life of the dreamer. Freud said, All material of dreams is somehow derived from past experi- ence that has been reproduced or re- membered in the dream. The con- nection is not always obvious and may escape discovery for a long time. Sometimes discovery is only by chance. Other psychologists have con- fronted Freud with the theory that the normal dream generally occupies itself with impressions of the last few days. Still others believe that the pro- found emotion of waking life, the questions and problems which are the most serious, are not usually subject for dreams. But, that it is the trifling, the incilental, the forgotten impres- sions of daily life which reappear in dreams. Can your dreams foretell THE the future? F D0 people dream only j ABOUT when they have a problem Y O U R Do nightmares jipyyggrod? D R S by JACKI MESSINGER 8 I ,gawk fray: mr. ,A 4 Mug R 1 'f'w K ,W , ?3 ' , 5 ,L v we ffm 7: nv. 4 -5' J :, ,, X 1 I i , 1 1 . -H' .1 ' A. ,9 7 4 F Nwwlqf, F Q5 rf we FE 'ififya-19' . , ' . w x 25 2, 'Wa L' ' 1. QM 21 x rm- x . Q Q .' -' ' X f , ,, , N 2 '2Ff'g-TX., 1 W - ,.w '- u zffgwx x . ,. 1 4. K , 1 3.1, ,wiezef-muff -3a'?3Q5v?b 1--r,-'ga' X a- Us is tl, if fff , fe' ., ,Q . 3' of ' X ps.. il . 4ag53,..3jj,f. 4 3 bi. X: I' fl! W' Q Y -:QE . - 9 .132 j. .1 1 K X - '- '61 , ,-,,,m:54.4 ' Q. :Y 5 4. H.- NQ: S? xi'- i. :X xx sg Freud The Reason You Dream Koch Freud further theorizes that dreams are reactions to disturbances of sleep from either internal or external stimuli. External sensory stimuli might in- clude a strong light on the sleeper's eyes, a noise, odor, change in room temperature, changed sleeping posi- tion or even the bite of a mosquito which may excite sensations of pres- sure and touch. A thunder storm might send the sleeper into the thick of battle. A cock crowing might represent human shrieks of terror. A creaking door could produce a dream with burglars breaking in. Feet hanging over the edge of the bed might make the dreamer feel he is falling from a great height. Body pains might cause a dream during which the subject is suffering ill-treatment, hostile attack or accidental body injuries. For example, a man once dreamed that he was attacked, thrown to the ground and stakes driven between his first and second toes. He awoke to find a piece of straw between his toes. In another case, the sleeper's night-shirt was too tight. He dreamed that he was being hung. The stimuli which causes such dreams are physio- logical in nature. Internal sensory stimuli features fantastic visual manifestations. That is the dreamer pictures something in a dream which is so vivid that he gains temporary satisfaction from its near realness. For example, an indi- vidual who is hungry due to dieting dreamed he was at a table abundantlv filled with fma. ' Internal physical stimuli involves internal organs in states of disease as sources for dream content. Sleepers 10 with heart disease usually experience brief dreams and end in terrified awakening. Death in dreams occurs under terrible circumstances. Lung disease tends to produce dreams of suffocation, of being crushed, or of flight. A major question which arises when studying dreams is why are they forgotten after awakening? Freud gives several reasons for the phenom- enon, the first being that images are 4 ffiff 1 r jx, 4. 6791 'nw H H , Y Y I . 'V -a.g,,,K 357:16 IR too weak in amount of emotional feel- ing. Also, most dreams are unique, and there is a definite tendency to remember only that which occurs re- peatedly. Most dreams lack order and sense. And finally, most people take little interest in their dreams, and therefore, forget them on the con- scious level. However, dreams are planted on the subconscious memory. A fallacy in remembering dreams, ac- cording to Freud, is that one can im- agine dreaming all sort of things - even if he really didn't. Dr. Koch said, The contents of some dreams are painful and unpleas- ant so naturally the dreamer tends to forget them. Many dreams are not significant enough to be remembered because they are physiological in na- ture. If one worried about every single dream that occurred, that's all he would ever be doing. Freud also delved into the subject of ethical sense in dreams. He found that one does not become more vir- tuous during sleep, on the contrary, conscience is silent in dreams. The sleeper commonly feels no compas- sion while dreaming and could com- mit the worst crimes, such as theft, murder and homicide with indiffer- ence and without subsequent remorse. While in the dreamstate, the indi- vidual is not influenced by reflection, reason, aesthetic taste or moral judg- ment. Ethical indifference reigns supreme. Freud investigated many different types of dreams, one being that of wish fulfillment. In such a dream the individual wants something so badly that he gets it. For example, if an individual eats anchovies or some other salted food, he may be- come thirsty at night, and thus awaken. However, this awakening may be preceded by a dream that he is drinking a deliciously cool drink. Thus, the dream showed the wish ful- filled, even if the gratification was imaginary and only temporary. Wish fulfillment dreams are most charac- teristic in children. Such as a child who wants a bicycle more than any- thing ifn the world. In his dream he would have his wish granted and be would somehow be rewarded with a shiny new bicycle. It is difficult to interpret another's dreams if the subject in question is unwilling to furnish all the uncon- scious thoughts behind the dream con- tent. However, Freud has made an attempt to give meaning to the so- called typical dreams. It must be re- membered, however, that they are typical only in so far as most people have them at one time or another in their lives. For example, the typical embarrass- ment dream of nakedness illustrates a feeling of shame. In the dream con- tent an anxiousness often occurs to hide one's nakedness by means of lo- comotion or escape, but an unknown force prevents the sleeper from mov- ing. Another typical dream is that of the death of some beloved person. The dreamer either remain unmoved or is profoundly grieved to the point of shedding tears while asleep. The second reaction is more significant than the first in that many times it represents a wish that the beloved should die. Perhaps the sleeper doesn't presently wish for death, but rather did sometime earlier in life. The wish could, therefore, have been by gone, discarded, buried or re- pressed. The dream of flying with ease or falling in terror is quite connnon. They usually stem from reproductions of childhood impressions. That is from games of extremely rapid mo- tion. For example, a baby being thrown into the air by his father or being twirled around in a fast cir- cular motion might later in life in- duce such a dream if the stimuli were repeated often enough. The examination dream usually occurs when the dreamer is anticipat- ing a responsible and important act on the next day which involves the possibility of disgrace. For example, a student who has studied for hours for a final exam might dream the night before the test that he has failed it. Or a physician who has been established in his practice for years might dream that he never received his doctorate. Dr. Franz Alexander, M. D., in his book, Fundamentals of Psychoanaly- sis, said that dreams can be used therapeutically to study repressed ten- dencies. However, they can not be used as complete protection from in- ternal stimuli, such as a full bladder, empty stomach, thirst, pressure of un- fulfilled wishes, frustrations, guilt and worry. Dreaming does, however, says Alexander, achieve temporary grati- fication. He illustrates this statement through the case of the overfatigued school boy who set his alarm at 7:00 to be at school at 8:00. He awoke, shut off the alarm, but decided to rest ten more minutes and fell sound asleep again. He dreamed that he was busily working at school. Thus, an unpleasant duty was fulfilled, per- mitting the dreamer to deceive him- self and continue to sleep. According to Dr. Koch, nightmares are produced when the individual has a difficult problem which he can not solve. In other words, his equilibrium is disturbed. For example, no money to pay the apartment rent would readily cause a nightmare. Dr. Koch also stated that dream content depends on the occupation, needs, and environment of each per- son. Thus like stimuli would most probably produce different dreams in different people. Dr. Koeht further stressed the im- portance of knowing the entire case history of a person before an attempt to analize a dream should be made. For this reason Koch says that the 50 cent dream interpretation books now sold to the public are comparatively useless and have little or no anlytical value. 11 by SHARON BROWN I feel that it changes my appearance and my person' alityg I feel sexier, wilderf, It's an inexpendable aid for instant grooming. Elinor Goulding Smith said, in an article which ap- peared in the March, 1967 issue of f'Atlantic Monthly, It's the biggest thing to hit the hair business in a hun- dred and fifty years - the resurgence of the wig. The use of wigs as adornments was originated in early times. YVigs were first worn in the Nile area in approx- imately -1000 B. C. They were not used then to beautify, but rather to protect the closely shaven skulls of men and women f1'om the blazing Egyptian sun. The short wigs were made of human hair, sheep's wool, or dyed palm leaf fibers which were sewn in rows of curls overlapping like shingles. Babylonian and Egyptian carvings show women wear- ing wigs. The patriean ladies of the Roman period wore wigs, favoring those made of the blonde hair of the Gauls and Germans. Queen Elizabeth I. wore and owned S0 wigs to conceal her baldness. The great vogue of wig wearing in France and England in the 17th and ISth centuries began at the court of Louis XIII who was bald. This was the real hey-day of the wig, when wigs or falseheads looked like natural hair growing down over the shoulders, even to the waist. In the 18th century wigs were frizzed and powdered in every type of shape and color. 9 . - 'hug it After this period, wigs went out of style until seven or eight years ago. joe Rogers, a Hallandale wholesaler of hairgood said, Wigs have always been rather expensive. Then, suddenly, seven or eight years ago, the machine- made, mass produced wigs lowered the prices considerably, enabling the average person to buy one. Before that, wigs were bought by show people and others to whom a wig was a necessity in their profession, Rogers continued. Wigs, wiglets, which are short wigs designed to create an allusion of height, and falls, which are long pieces of hair which give a girl with short hair 'instant' long hair, come today in assorted colors, shapes, styles, and sizes. A hairpiece can change one's appearance completely or just spruce up the wearer. Hairpieces are made of either real hair or synthetic fibers. Real hair is more expensive than the synthetic, but it takes curl more easily, and usually has more thick- ness and weight. l -'Wie Q H Yr M. ., i v Q . U - ' ' mi . : -- ,Q -N. ,- H-.U ,,,-f -, , s. ' : 'i 'in ' - Qa.g,g,tr Q35 I it l I 'Z ,,.3:,,g', . ,aa 'Surf X 'iw sk s 17 rx:-+ -1' 4. as as 'ff a X 'Q .-bf' . ,, .svn -- - Ni- ee., ., as X X ,gr-, . ., , , bu Vx, ' ,..Q,5x.yx ,Ar L '1-'wr :i.5sMv,h . U.: . ' my--.:'. Ffa:-.-1 sizzix ' .fi ' 'Y I ', r:'1'j 0 Stieff., JS , wvxvq- I . T erai ft' --F3 ' X .- ls--msgs.. '5 5. ,..,,. ww zvp W, -Q .., : , , Wh ::.. if f? , QP' Eifiwgg- I 1 r I.: -. -:Fi .1 The most expensive hairgoods are those made of virgin hair, that which has never been penrianented or dyed. The best sources for this hair is the more rural areas of Eur- ope, especially Italy, where peasant women grow long hair, protected by them from the sun. Oriental hair is much cheaper, but is thought to be too heavy and stiff for fine wigs. American hair is considered unsuitable for the main reason that it has usually been permanented, dyed, or rinsed. Also, very few American women have either the time or the patience re- quired to grow long hair. Sometimes animal hair is mixed with human hair. Angora goats, buf- falo, and Shetland pony manes have turned up in wigs. A pound of top-quality hair is worth about S603 sometimes it takes three or four different heads to supply the pound. The average wig weighs about 635 ounces. To make an expen- sive wig takes a skilled worker about a week. Each of the thousands of hairs, about 135,000 in all in a good wig must be crocheted and hand-knob ted into a fine mesh cap. In cheaper wigs, the hair is sewn by a machine onto the cap in circular rows. Synthetic hair is much like human hair. It can be washed, set, and re- styled as one's moods and fashions change. Many synthetic hair-pieces are made of Dynel, which has come a long way since it first adorned doll heads. VVithstanding a close exam- ination, Dynel looks like the real thing. As an ad for Union Carbide Company says, It's not fake any- thing, it's real Dynel. Manufacturers of synthetic hair- pieces include David and David, one of the world's largest for over half a century, joseph Marshall Imports, Tovar-Tresses, featured in Vogue magazine, and Coif-ASHIONS. Prices vary on wigs, wiglets, and falls, both real and synthetic. Real hair falls range from S90 to 3250, wigs from S90 to 35350, and wiglets from S30 to S90. Maas. Synthetic goods generally are in the S17 to S50 price range. XVhy do women buy wigs, wiglets. and falls? NVleurette Lavallee, a student at XVilliams College for YVomen, major- ing in public relations, puts it this way: I've always adored long hair. Since the falls were becoming so popular, I thought that I would pur- chase one. I feel that it changes my appearance and my personality, I feel sexier, wilderf' Rhoda Ruggiero, of XVig Fair in Hollywood said, The young girls to- day like long hair. Many girls who do have long hair, have a problem be- cause their hair isn't heavy enough to get the 'look' they like. That's whv they buy the falls. Also in Florida, with the humidity, it's hard to keep the hair set and nice. Mrs. Doris Dinkle, wardrobe sup- ervisor at Pirate's XVorld, l'PllI.l!'lil'll, I think hairpieces are smart-looking. I4 ' .if- CPL ' 5 32 3 s,a,?Qf,,.jg5rSk,, rm... .. i They're very handy when you have to go somewhe1'e in a hurry and don't have the time to get your hair done. Mrs. Nora Gerber, a housewife from Dania felt, YYhen you grow older, your own hair loses much of its lustre and thickness, at this time, a wig is nice to have to keep yourself feeling and looking well-groomed. Students and instructors at ICBC also had opinions on the subject. Mrs. judith Duckham, an English instruc- tor said about her fall, It's an in- expendable aid for instant grooming. -joie YVade, a freshman majoring in psychology, bought her fall because she just got tired of short hair and wanted a change. Dottie Zeuch, a freshman majoring in languages al- ways wanted long hair. She thinks that people notice her more when she wears her fall. One of the main reasons Laurie Bell, a sophomore ma- joring in history bought her fall was, to eliminate the tcdious task of set- ting my hair every night. Bobbie Cocuzza, a freshman major- ing in business administration, had this to say, My fall was a present from my brother who is a hairdresser. He bought it for me because I'm let- ting my hair grow out from a Sassoon cut, and by the middle of the week it needs help badly. Asked if she thought it affected her personality in any way, Bobbie said, No, I don't feel it changes my personality in any way, but when my own hair looks really bad, and I can put on a fall that always looks good, I feel so much better. Besides, most of the boys love the long hair. Patti Mclieegan, a sophomore ma- joring in English education said, I bought a fall because I was selling wigs this summer, and my employer suggested it as being better for busi- ness. I enjoy the look of long hair, but I prefer taking care of short hair - basically, I'm lazyfy I bought my fall because it takes forever to let my own hair grow long and because I like long hair. With the fall, I can have long hair when- ever the mood strikes me, stated Barb Self, a freshman majoring in psychology. Barb Sachs, a freshman majoring in journalism, said, I bought my fall because I have extremely short hair, and for a change I like to have it long. Besides, it's a real jlife-saver' when you're just too tired to wash and set your hair. Beauty shops and department stores estimate that half a million women own wigs made of the real hair, plus the department stores have cashed in on the lower-priced synthetic ver- sions. The goal of the shops and stores is to sell at least one wig to every available woman. Perhaps Bobbie, herself, the owner of several hairgoods, summed it up best when she said, I'd never be without my fall, wigs, and hairpiece. They come in so handy when I haven't the time to do my own hair, because they take so little time. JCBC SPIRIT by KATHY HORNER Leading the student body in spirit and enthusiasm this year were the JCBC cheerleaders, headed by cap- tain Joyce Diamond, and co-captain Susie Erard-Coupe. The squad also included freshmen Michele Caughn, Cheryl Connelly, Linda Stauffer, and Jane Charleton, and sophomore Nikki Evkovitch. These girls were largely responsible For the enthusiasm shown by the Sea- norses as they led the spectators in :heers and yells that inspired the players. Each girl on the squad was pleased ay the large amount of support dur- Ing the first term. All the games, especially the home game Thanks- giving Eve, received large turn-outs as was shown by the final scores. The second term, however, was quite dif- ferent. The team received little sup- port, and the scores were obviously affected. Joyce Diamond, Captain 'fa 9 As captain, Joyce Diamond, Ex- p1'essed it, The first term was ter- rific, and we were really pleased. But at the last home game. against Miami- Dade. they had more people there than we didf' The cheerleaders, not able to at- tend away games. used the extra money for new unifonns. The Nancy Nlacnamara, who is, as Joyce squad is sponsored by Mrs. puts it, A good coach. yery congenial. She helped us a lot, and put up with a lot. NVe really appreciate the sup- port she gaye us. Hopes for next year are high. Joyce stated. XYe would like to see more girls try outg girls from some of the social societies. Each girl must carry a 2.0 average. be able to get along with the other girls. and be able to attend a majority of the games. The girls did a good job all year, and were complimented by Mrs. Blac- namara as being Good, and easy to get along withf' i 15 Susan Erard Coupe, Co-Captain K gf ' Yi J -I I , Q' , ,f 1. J u H Ru' l Y- 16 Qi Linda Stauffer Nikki Evkovich 'lu Cheryl Connelly -Ll' f' l lvl T 1 1 iixvivgv S I , I Flashing lights of white and pale blue, an intricate set of buttons foipwp formulas and long strings of white I H E paper. These the characteristics of the all knowing, artificial super mind . . . your friendly computer. The tremendous machine has solutions to the chemical G R I N G formulas that constitute Frankenstein's body. It has the ability to operate the magnificent Naval vessels, the Seaview of the nineteen seventies. The machine con- U S E 0 F trols and processes scientific data of a space craft in a sea of stars, the endless night of the celestial heavens. Computers are becoming so phenominal that the science I G IVI P I I I E R S fiction movies and the world of reality are blending slowly to become one. by RICHARD ROSKOWE 18 Yet, in the midst of this confusing realization, we slowly drop our heads as we scan our semester grades and reflect that the cold machine afforded us with such an accurate representation of our college work. The computer, used in national defense and scientific research, has been humbled to provide each of us at the college with a student number. The utensil which man uses to analyze chromosome studies is also being employed to unsnarl traffic condition. It not only helps to increase our knowledge, but also simplifies processes which we encounter daily. Comparison between the research and practical uses of computers may be seen quite readily in the field of medi- cine. In the realm of research there has been the analysis of changes in the heartbeat under varying conditions. Data are fed into a computer and analyzed electronically. A detailed mathematical model of the liver and circulatory system has been computed . . . the object of which is to understand physiological problems of liver excretion. The computer has been used to isolate the brain expectancy waves, called E-waves, for the first time. The technique itself has promising scientific prospect. In the practical realm the computer is able to digest and break down research tests and results as in the pre- ceding cases. In hospitals it may handle accounting, billing. records and medicine inventories. Don't misunderstand me, Tm not implying that the thinking machine started by first sending a rocket into outer space and is now only getting around to simpler things, as compiling our grades. On the contrary, the automatic digital computer, as we know it today, is not yet 25 years old. It was conceived in 1944, It quickly learned to read, write and remember, as well as to add, subtract, multiply, and divide. It was indeed a precious youngster, although it did make childish errors. Within the span of our life, the computer has grown and developed remarkably in every way except physical size. It has become faster, more versatile, and more reliable, it has learned to talk much more effectively to man, it has proved a memory of impressive speed and capacity, and it has become articulate in many languages. As the computer grew and matured, it was delegated more and more responsibilities. Man at first required routine and unchallenging processes from this brain child, such as repetitive calculations: to invest matrices, solve equations, and compile lengthy numerical tables. Then man put it to work on data processing and other business chores: figuring payrolls, writing checks, keep- ing inventories and accounting records. Encouraged by its untiring endurance and intrigued by its ability to make choices by itself, man began to entrust it with the control of refinery operations, machine opera- tions and othe processes. Man, recognizing its stability and capacity, assigned it some military functions of awe- some significance and proportions: information processing for continental air defense, surveillance of the seas, and the geographical relocation of massive troops in case of lttack. Of course, all work and no play makes computers a dull toy. So man played games with the computer, such as checkers and chess. Some of this sport developed into serious interests. Play with the computer provided man with simulated experiences, which was obtained more quickly and less expensively than real experiences. This led to the design of business games and war games to help train corporation executives and military officers, respectively. Thus, man could understand his own games by being teased by the computer's ability to see a problem much more in depth. If man had a reasonably accurate model lof the New York City traffic, for example, he could inves- tigate the effect of alternate policies for controlling auto- mobile and pedestrian flow in order to see which policy would result in the lowest over-all waiting and congestion. This Way, man would not have to actually try various ways of solving congestion problems, he could have the computer solve the problem for him, thus saving time, -money and unnecessary poor traffic conditions. The problem that man faces at the present is the inability to teach the computer how to speak to the average person, that is, tum computers to software , The results hvlns R i ! f fl YEL ,fl-lv-wL ' of doing this would be astronomical. In education, pupils would be able to question it about English grammar. The computer would retum a sheet with grammatical con- struction of a sentence. Although the average layman is unable to help himself to the advantages the computer may offer, the computer programmers are applying its use in every way possible. The computers are speeding up records of the Los Angeles County Superior Court. They're putting speed into the law, which is rapidly unclogging court calendars. Libra- ries, as more and more reading material comes into exist- ence, are turning to computers to aid in processing and organizing. The government has a computer called Big Brother, which checks millions of income tax returns annually. The airline corporations rely upon the com- puter to plan and coordinate flights and schedules of air- plane traffic, which will increase speed and safety in air travel. In agriculture, a new electrogametry computer has been developed. which measures meatiness in live animals. Computers are being used to forecast tidal wave and hur- ricane dangers, thus protecting property and the loss of human life. Even in choreography, the machine has been able to design new and different dance steps. Certainly the computer is not being tied down to one field, it is diversified in its work. Man is now trying to help the computer to gain a well-rounded personality. On the lighter side of the intelligence machine, the computer also plays cupid. Although it doesn't possess a bow and arrow, it has been employed as a match-maker. University dances have had the computer pick dates. The amazing things is that the computer is matching compat- ablc people who are ending up walking down a church aisle to the tune Here Comes the Bridel All in all, the computer is here to stay. People have been known to have qualms of conscience about it. Well. at least, it has started many thinking about it. Wouldn't it be so much easier to become friends with it? After all, look at what it has done for youl 19 NX XX Q 'xx .XXX 1968 Political Sta .1 gag, X filly. Republican NATIONAL CCJNVENTICJN Miami Beach will host the 7968 Republican Convention by DON PLETZKE Guests, hell! We're the people! cried a voice at the Republican Na- tional Convention of 1940. The con- vention chairman had demanded that the galleries, as guests of the conven- tion, mind their manners. What had begun the noisy interruption, was the imminent nominating speech for Wen- dell Willkie. Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana had not yet begun his speech for Willkie when the radio audience heard a roar from the convention members. To them it was the dele- gates demonstrating for the next president of the United States al- though Willkie had only 105 of 1,000 delegates on his side after the first ballot. The radio audience began to send telegrams, letters, and cards to their state delegations asking them to vote for the man Fortune magazine de- scribed as the Mississippi Yankee, the clever bumpkin, the homespun, rail-splitting, cracker-barrel simplifier on national issues. One delegate was swamped with over 100,000 unsoli- cited pieces of mail supporting the New Yorker's candidacy. This out-pouring from the people changed the attitude of the delegates and Wendell NVillkie carried the con- vention 998 to 2. And those two votes were absent from the floor during the sixth and final ballot. Since that Republican convention 28 years ago the country and its po- litical parties have changed little to keep pace with the times. The con- ventions still are red, white, and blue festooned, noisy, and an event that the TV viewer watches as he would a football game. Next August Miami Beach will host the Republicans and their quadrennial show of political stars. Some will be- come smash hits and others will have to try again in 1972 if they haven't completely disappeared from the American scene. Many of the faces will change and a new set of king- makers will run the show then. But for now we will watch the current crop of presidential hopefuls: Rea- gan, Percy, Nixon, Rockefeller, Rom- ney and the rest. Changes have been slow in the making and the basic idea is still to have a show place for the eventual nominee of the party. The number of delegates has increased to over 1300 and the convention commands a television, and not a radio audience. A student of government knows that a convention draws the political workers of the party. The choice of which workers will go is a vague and nebulous thing to the casual viewer. And the rules of the game are subject to change, by a majority vote. For the 1968 Republican conven- tion basically two methods will be used to select those persons willing to give their time and expense to at- tend the five day event. Seventeen states and the District of Columbia conduct what is termed preferential primaries or preferential polls. Even this method is classified into two categories. In three of the states the voters' preference is binding on the dele- gates. Oregon, Maryland, and Indi- ana send delegates to the convention pledged by law to vote for a particu- lar candidate. In the other fourteen states and the District of Columbia the party rank and file pick slates of delegates favor- ing a certain candidate in a primary election but their decision may be ig- nored at the time the actual voting takes place. There are great differences among the various state laws and many con- fusions-even in a single state statute. Cerald Pomper in his book Nom- inating the President mentions the cast of a gentleman from Illinois. . . . in the 1920 Republican primary . . . in one district. a dele- gate was elected pledged to the Presi- dential candidacy of Hiram Iohnson. At the same time. a perference poll among voters of the district was won by Leonard VVoocl, while a state-wide preference poll favored Frank Low- den. XVhile the quirks of the preference poll and the primary poll are multi- tudinous the other method, that of some elected party body selecting the 21 delegates, is a step removed from the voter. The party will meet in district andfor state conventions to select faithful party members to send to the national convention. Two states under this system, New York and Pennsylvania, split the choice of delegates between the con- gressional districts and the state com- mittee. The state body chooses only the at-large delegates and the con- gressional delegates are chosen at special district meetings. Georgia, Arkansas, and Louisiana state committees pick the entire slate for the national convention. Putting together all the informa- tion Cincluding rumorl that he can, the delegate will come to a conclusion, which, it should be added, can change as easily as the wind. Pressures are brought to bear by the bosses, the loyal followers of the candidates, and the people back home. The convention itself is a spectacle. The delegate sees state banners being waved for no expressed purpose, hears too many long speeches, sits during boisterous demonstrations, and disinterestedly watches roll call votes on the resolutions. The delegates on the floor usually doesn't get an overall view of what is going on, unlike the TV viewer. He is only part of the badge-wearing mob. The whole convention may seem to him like a monstrous meeting on the VE1'gG of collapse for its appar- ent disunity. Usually unknown to him the con- fusion is created and intended to in- form, entertain, and convince him. But the decisions of any importance have been made long before the actual voting. In the past, the delegate could ex- pect to see the week begin with the opening ceremonies, the fonnal or- ganization of the convention fan- nouncing the predctermirned commit- tee appointment to major committees: platform, credentials, and rcsolutionsl, and the keynote address by a noted party figure. 22 In 1928 Will Rogers summarized the first speech of the convention in his book How We Elect Our Presi- dents. He said, A Keynote Speech is press notices of the Republican Party, Written by its own members. Here are just a few things that I bet you didn't know the Republicans were responsible for: radio, telephone, baths, automobiles, savings accounts, law enforcement, workmen living in houses, and a living wage for senators. The Democrats had brought in war, pestilence, debts, disease, boll weevil, gold teeth, need of farm re- lief, suspenders, floods, famine, and Tom Heflin. Rogers mocked the speeches, but the intent of them is to build the party's image by making its members look like men of action and the lead- ers of all that is good and right. The second day the permanent chairman is selected and, tme to course, gives a speech. Commitees begin to submit their reports and dis- agreements on procedural issues are ironed out. The third day usually begins the roll call for nominating speeches for candidates for president. The state delegations will have mostly com- mitted themselves to a certain vote on the first ballot. All this time bargaining has been going on between the various fac- tions. The opposition has been try- ing to dissuade certain delegates from their obviously wrong choice as de- cided by the opposition. Late the third day and possibly into the fourth, the actual balloting is held. The longest balloting in his- tory took place in 1924 at the Demo- cratic National Convention when the delegates could not come to a decis- ion for 103 votes. Herbert Eaton, in his book Presidential Timber, said that all the bickering over the nom- ination had given john VV. Davis the most worthless nomination any party ever bestowed on a candidate. With the selection of the presiden- tial hopeful completed, the convention usually recesses and on the fourth day chooses the vice-presidential candi- date. The excitement that surrounds the picking of the presidential nom- inee is lost by the time the party leaders have made a decision to fill the ticket. The V. P. nominee is usually chosen to balance the team, N T i, s f r 'f?L :i:i . f r ,ll fi ll - xl w! ,'..:lll s-'-ff? 'V 5 - M tl 4.inf1rllf1!,a-C-Jrmrllr ,ii Malay!! W A 'lu urn MJ -52-.-+ Q is- f K 1 ff TJ add to the new candidate's support, and to heal the wounds of battle. XVhile no convention can be dc- scribed as typical, there have been trends set in the past. Sidney Hyman has drawn up a representative list of criteria for presidential aspirants. In the New York Times Magazine. he said the candidate should have the following qualifications: 1. He must first have had some official connection with the govern- mental process in an appointive or elective position. 2. He should come from the ranks of the governors. Nominating con- ventions show a clear preference for state leaders. 3. He should come from a large two party state. 4. He should be from the North to the exclusion of the South. 5. He should look sympathetic to the most important economic groups. namely labor, business, professional and ethnic blocks. rr. 595 6. His family life should be exem- plary and represent all that is good. 7. His home town should be small. S. He should have an Anglo-Saxon line of descent, 9. And until recently he had to bc- long to the Protestant faith. Most of the candidates under con- sideration in the next election cannot fill all of the above unofficial require- ments. They are not intended to be strictly used since they are taken from past experience without con- scious thoughts of matching a man to a list, nor is the changing face of American politics considered. In fact some hopefuls have or had stood out from the crowd because they did not fall in the nine criteria. Senator Kennedy was Catholic, a senator, from a smaller state, born in a big town, and favored labor inter- ests. Former President Eisenhower had never served in any governmental function, was never a governor, and came from a small one party state. ,ill f The delegates have to decide who represents their thinking and attitude before the state group Caucuses. How heavily will he rely on what has been accepted in the past as the natural thing to do? His problems and his solutions are influenced by the people back home who are waiting for him to come back and say that he voted just the way they wanted him to. After the lights in the great hall have gone out and the floors are cov- ered with the banners, the signs, the ribbons, the streamers, and the red, white, and blue bunting, the people have spoken. XVhen the Republicans meet in Miami Beach and the Democrats in Chicago, they will go through the same ritual as before. This short out- line will be cluttered with many side events and may be overshadowed by the noise, the parties, the big names, and the demonstrations but the shoe will still fit. 23 by BILL FLANAGAN In recent years, there has been a preoccupation that has developed into a profession for many people. At first it was just talk and as it progressed there have been articles written about it and even books and pamphlets writ- ten on how to do it. People in this profession are persecuted and prose- cuted. Yes, all the people engaged in the game To Beat the Draft. In every American War or crisis there have been draft dodgers. VVe had them in the Revolutionary VVarg shirkers deserted XVashington at Val- ley Forge. XVe had them in the Civil YVarg wealthy men hired others to serve for them. VVe had them in XVorld WVar Ilg thousands feigned physical deficiencies. There have also been men who have left wealthy positions and beloved families to join the armed forces, of- fering their lives for their country. Many didn't have to go to war. Often, they became our heroes. Often, they never returned. Fortunately for the United States and for world' freedom, these glorified heroes far outnum- bered thc cowards who lived to be old men. ls there such a thing as a draft dodgcr who is a hero? Probably. But only to other draft dodgcrs. n Lately there have been people who 24 W T EEE IEE EET f ' A I J , - J . , ff: A Ala i il pair 9 X Y .a g ,M Is there sucfz a firing as a afraff dodger who is a hero? have made their profession aiding draft dodgers. For a price of course. Draft dodgers pay up to 35,000 to operators who send false forms to a draft board stating that a certain per- son has served in the reserves. If these operators are arrested for this, they can get a maximum of five years in jail and a 310,000 fine. Is the 55,000 too much money to keep a person out of the draft? Evi- dently not, because some fathers pay it to keep their own sons out. There are other groups that are in this business of keeping people out of the draft. One is the American Friends Service Office. This group teaches techniques to people on how to act like a conscientious objector, although they may not be 0116. In doing this, the American Friends Office have mock hearings. They play draft board. This service forms a draft board within themselves. These hearings show its customers exactly what they should do to act like con- scientious objectors. An instance of publicized draft dodging is a Beat-the-Draft pam- phlet distributed by an anti-war group from the University of Cali- fornia at Berkeley. Reading these excerpts can be entertaining if not nauseating. Be an undesirable. Co for a couple of weeks without a shower. .'..,.-ani...-.3 5 Really look dirty. Long hair helps. Go in barefooted with your sandals tied around your neck. Be gay. Play the homosexual bit. Mark 'yes' or don't mark the 'homosexual ten- dencies' line on the forms. Psychia- trists may give you the runaround, but stick with it. Besides flicking your wrists, move your body a little, like the chicks do. Hold cigarettes delicately, talk methodically, act em- barrassed in front of the other guys when you undress. Ask your girl- friend to give you lessons. . . Arrive high. They'l1 smell it, and you won't have to admit it. If you want to go about the addiction scene in a really big way, use a common pin on your arm for a few weeks in advance. Pamphlets like this don't often do nuch except make for interesting reading. The students who put out :his pamphlet, however, are serious ibout their anti-war sentiments. Their 1'advice is not the sort real protesters pass around. Another way of keeping out is fold here by a student from the Uni- versity of Texas. Ah got the 'rodeo kneef Ah tole the doctor it got caught between a bull and a fence. Said it folds up on me now an' then. Hell, ah never been on a bull in mah life. There is even a new field of medi- cine developing from Draft dodging. Anyone in the market for a spotted lung or two'P , asks a I9 year old dodger at a University of Pittsburgh bull session. Here is the formula: Buy a pack of cigarettes, nonfilter. Fill an eye- dropper with ink. Administer four drops per cigarette. Smoke entire pack the day before your physical. They not only won't draft you, they'll send you to the Magic Mountain in Swit- zerland. One can't forget the new psychiatry either. A man from M. I. T. states, Specialization is the answer. Pick out a promising little psychosis. Study it deeply. Read textbooks, case his- tories, learn the proper symptoms and only the proper symptoms. Remem- ber, if you can't outsmart a head shrinker, how can you hope to deal with a sergeant? Sex is another: Masturbate, never fail to masturbate while being inter- viewed,', says a pensive senior. I've found it quite efficacious in retaining my IV-F classification. Others have found their own for- mula to get their deferment: VVear lace panties to your physical. f- T-Q-x I .ag D4 ff: y r If A ' ff if 1' J 'S I 'A dl' ,, ir ' ' Q .fllZ J7gy Zl1o 1, ,- Cive the psychiatrist a big kiss. Dress conservatively for the army shrinker. Act like a man under tight control. Deny you're a fag, deny it again very quickly, then stop, as if you're buttoning your lip. Find an excuse to bring it back into the con- versation again and again, then each time deny it and quickly change the subject. And maybe twice, no more than three times over a half-hour in- terview, just use the slightest little flick of the wrist. But above all, never admit it. Even after they're hooked, keep up the denials. All that has been mentioned thus far are for stay-at-home draft dodgers. There is another kind that willingly gives up his citizenship and moves to Canada. Since there are no extra- dition laws there, they can stay as long as they like. Presently, there are an estimated 1,000 that have chosen Canada over the draft. An example is Gregory Roman, a 23 year-old University of Illinois graduate who fled to Canada rather than expose himself to the service. Canada encourages it. Prime Min- ister Paul Martin said, 'We do not feel under any obligation to enforce the laws that regard any other country. Other than the prime minister, there is a student organization that advertises. It is setting up an under- ground railroad to move dodgers into Canada. Several pacifists and religious or- ganizations offer jobs or money. Most of these organizations are centered in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. There are 300-400 Americans of draft age in Toronto alone. It is not correct to say all of those who go to Canada stay. Some return after spend- ing a period of hesitation there. Canada has no draft, and in cross- ing the border, one need not even show his passport. It is very easy to enter from the U. S. One self-admitted draft dodger ex- plains how he did it. It wasn't any problem. They didn't check me. They asked how long I would be stay- ing. I said I wasn't sure, so they gave me a two-month visa. Everything mentioned so far has been a non-physical way of avoiding the draft. There are those also who choose to physically Cand purposelyl damage their body enough to stay away from Uncle Sam's Army. These constitute the smallest percentage of draft dodgers. Add all of this up, and what do you come up with? Americans? They might call themselves Americans, but do they deserve it? They are the ones who are willing to give up their citizenship just to keep from serving their country. They couldn't have been good citizens to start with, so who needs them? 25 Caution: This Article May Be Hobbit-Forming Have you read The Lord of the Rings? No, What's it about? Hobbits What? Hobbits. They are the heroes of the book. But, what are they? Animals? No. You're thinking of rabbits. venture story, and adult fairy tale. It is all of these and much more. The Rings carries the reader through a fantastic, yet realistic land with matching characters. The trilogy is in the epic style - about 1300 pages of adventure, with entirely heroic heroes and completely villainous villains. The hero must accomplish a perilous mission with all of Middle-Earth at stake. The Lord of the Rings Hobbits are people, smaller than dwarves but larger than lilliputians. They tend to be fat since they enjoy six meals a day whenever they can get them. They wear bright-colored clothes, and no shoes since their feet grow natural leather soles and thick brown hair like that on their heads. Hobbits have good-natured faces and hearty laughs. Holes, not houses, are their homes. They would love nothing better than to live peaceful, unclut- tered lives in Hobbiton of the Shire. Their history began in the Elder Days, although those of the trilogy live later, in the Third Age of Mid- dle Earth. Oh, really? If you are one of the Tolkien peo- ple, you will probably have experi- enced a conversation resembling this in which you tried to communicate to someone the wonderful essence of The Lord of thc Rings. If you have not read the trilogy, this article is intended to introduce you to a second world - the world of Tolkien. The Lord of the Rings has been termed a fantasy, classic myth, ad- by MARY MCBRIDE The story of the trilogy actually begins in The Hobbit, published in 1937, which is the first of R. R. Tolkien's tales of the small people. In The Hobbit, the reader encounters Bilbo Baggins, a typical hobbit, who is persuaded by Gandalf the Grey, a wizard, to join a company of dwarves who intend to travel hundreds of miles to the Lonely Mountain in order to gain back their ancient king- dom from its keeper, a dragon named Smaug. The part of The Hohhit that links it to the later trilogy occurs when Bilbo must find refuge in an under- ground cave. This cave is inhabited by a repugnant creature called Gol- lum ffor the gulping sound he makes, who has hidden there since he mur- dered his brother to steal a beautiful ring. VVhen Bilbo stumbles upon this ring in the cave, it makes him invis- ible and saves him from Gollum Cwho, incidentally, placed eighth in an Ugly Man Contest at the University of California, Berkeleyj. The Fellowship of the Ring. the first book of the trilogy, opens sev- enty-five years later in Hobbiton, home of the hobbits, where Bilbo lives with his nephew, Frodo. Bilbo is advised by Gandalf to give the ring to Frodo, which he does, and he then leaves the Shire, one area of Middle-earth that includes Hobbiton, to resume his travels. Gandalf later discovers that the ring was created by Sauron, an evil wizard and Dark Lord, who will bring Middle-earth under his rule if he can ever recap- ture the One Ring. iThere are nine- teen lesser rings which are all con- trolled by the One Ring.l Already the nine Ringwraiths, or black horse- men of Sauron, have been searching for the Ring, and are getting close. Frodo escapes from the Shire with some of his friends to attend the Council of Elrond, a meeting of hob- bits, elves, dwarves, and men to dis- cuss the problems of the Ring. It is decided that the Ring must be de- stroyed and by the only possible means. That consists of burning it in the fire in which it was forged, the fire in the Cracks of Doom cen- tered at Mordor, the kingdom of Sau- ron himself. The Council also agrees that the responsibility of destroying the ring lies with Frodo, and he re- luctantly accepts his task. A fellow- ship of nine forms to carry out the missiong there are four other hobbits, Gandalf, two men, a dwarf, and an elf. In the next two books, The Two Towers and Return of the King, there are many near escapes and some tragedies among the fellowship on their journey. Terrible orcs and a giant spider threaten the company. Even war breaks out before the One Ring can be destroyed. The Lord of the Rings has gained great popularity in America today, especially on college campuses. The trilogy had a small group of followers after its bardbound publication eleven years ago. Since the release of two different paperback editions in 1965, however, sales have skyrocketecl. The demand for the trilogy at many col- lege bookstores frequently threatens to exceed the supply of paperbooks 27 ToIkien's books have become a topic Of conversation for students . on hand. Salesmen at Princeton and Yale have said that it is the best sel- ling book since Lord of the Flies, William Colding's book which en- joyed great popularity among stu- dents. At Harvard copies of the tril- ogy are placed next to the cash reg- isters where, like cigarettes, large quantities of them are easily avail- able. NVithin ten months after pub- lications, the two paperback editions sold more than a quarter of a million copies of the complete trilogy. This sales rate is more rapid than were those of A Separate Peace, Catcher in the Rye, and other recent college best sellers. This may be due in part to the fact that no parerback edition had been available in the eleven year span following Houghton Mifflin's publication of the hard-bound version. Tolkien's books have become a topic of conversation for students at Berkeley, Cornell, the University of Virginia, and Bryn Mawr. Many fans have read the trilogy five or six times. Mankato State College, Minne- sota, held a Tolkien Conference in the fall of 1966. At Reed College, Oregon, the campus radio station broadcast a reading of the entire book, The Hobbit, over several even- ings. Although the trilogy is not as widely known at ICRC as on other campuses, the college bookstore re- ports that the copies o1'dered for Term I sold well. The reasons behind the trilogy's popularity are almost as numerous as its readers. Some readers feel that th-'rc is inner meaning in the Rings, although Tolkien has denied that. C. Lewis, a IItlX't,'llSl-I1llllOSUPllt'l'- critic, and friend whom Tolkien test- rcad too many times, believes that .1 28 parallel exists between the War of the Ring and VVorld War I. Students have suggested that the Ring of the Dark Lord represents the bomb, the ores Ccreatures who have been corrupted by Sauronj symbolize the Russians, and Treebeard fa great Ent, or per- son resembling a treej - Tolkien him- self. In a short letter to his publishers Tolkien wrote, It is not about any- thing but itself. CCertainly it has no allegorical intention, general, particu- lar or topical. moral, religious, or political. D Other readers regard the trilogy as an escape from reality. Students who are pressured by college life and its responsibilities enjoy entering the kingdom of Middle-earth once in a while. That world has its own sense of reality and, besides, the reader can be assured that good will overcome evil here, whereas results of problems in the real world are never certain. A freshman at Columbia said, Middle-earth is a beautiful place to visit, and I go there as often as I can. An English teacher at Adelphi University, Long Island, read it dur- ing a Christmas vacation, when I'd had about all the reality I could stand. The values contained in the Rings attracts many readers. Richard Veraa of Ft. Lauderdale, a graduate of Auburn, said that the trilogy is the purest sort of fiction. The moral statements it makes are general, he believes, and straight, driving. Tol- kien once explained, Hobbits have what you might call universal morals. I should say they are examples of natural philosophy and natural re- ligionf' A quality of the trilogy worthy of praise is Tolkien's use of imagination in a way that leaves the trilogy com- pletely believable. Richard Veraa names Tolkien a fertile creator and says, The names - the reality of that world - it could be classified as surrealism. Richard compared the trilogy to a Salvadore Dali painting which is so detailed, and more real in its fantasy than real things. You can't help but believe in it, he claims. One of the most pleasing results of reading Tolkien is that you share something with everyone else who has discovered the world of the hob- bits. Those who truly love the book never tire of discussing its names, places, languages tincluding Elvish- spoken by Elves, of course, Westron- the language of men, and the Com- mon Speech which the hobbits usel, and the genealogies of the characters. Tolkien included explanations of these in his six appendixes of the third book of the trilogy. Dave Wilson, pub- lisher of a folk music magazine called Broadside, says of his fellow Tolkien fans, 'The sort of people who take to Tolkien have some love for them- selves and for their fellowman. Any- one who likes the trilogy can't be all bad. Richard Plotz, eighteen year old founder of the Tolkien Society of America, says, You want to discuss them with people and talk about the good times you've had running around Middle-earth. Richard tried to in- terest his high school friends in the trilogy, but without success. One day, however, he saw some Elvish writing on a poster in the Columbia Univer- sity subway station. He studied Elv- ish enough to try and translate the sign, but when he returned to Colum- bia the poster was gone. In its place he found a new sign on which some- one had scribbled, 'LBilbo Baggins is probably a fake. A week later he saw Down with Saruman fa bad wizardj written there. He joined the written conversation by crossing out Saruman and substituting Gandalf. Richard finally decided to find out who the other Tolkien fans were. He put up a notice saying, Tolkien Club meets at Alma Mater statue, 2:00, February 27th. On that cold day Cit was 20 degreesj six students who had never met each other gathered and stood talking for an hour. Next Richard placed an ad in The New Republic. It read: Join Tolkien Club. Discuss Hobbit lore, learn Zlvish. Frodo, 159 Marlborough, Brooklyn, N. Y. Seventy letters came n answer to the ad and the Tolkien Society was formed. There are now eight hundred members, most of them ztudents, teachers, scientists, or psy- chologists. One third of them are idults. Tolkien himself wrote to Richard admitting that after some iesitation he had finally decided to 'oin the Society. The Society publishes the Tolkien Vournal, a magazine containing such 'hings as studies on the genealogies of the characters and the complex grammar rules of Elvish contained in 'he appendixes of the trilogy. At the neetings the members eat fresh mush- 'ooms fthe hobbit's favorite foodj ind discuss whether Middle-earth is spherical or saucer-shaped, how to .vrite in Elvish, and the author, I. R. R. Tolkien. Tolkien, seventy-four, first wrote 'ihe word hobbit on a dull exam paper while correcting it more than :hirty years ago. His love of philology .vhich he got from his mother, pre- :edes his stories and books. The invention of language is the foundation, he says. The stories were made rather to provide a world for the language than the reverse. The author, Iohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien, was born in 1892 at Bloem- fontein, South Africa. VVhen his father :lied four years later, he and his fnother moved to Sarehole near Birm- Lngham, England. He is said to have modeled the hobbits after the people Jf Sarehole. The Shire has its basis in the English countryside, while Middle-earth is just Tolkien's view nf Europe. Norse and Germanic myths inspired the darker sides of the Middle-earth landscape. Tolkien received his B.A. and M.A. degrees at Exter College, Oxford. He wrote his first stories and verse at Oxford, and was appointed professor 'af Anglo-Saxon, and later Merton pro- fessor of English Language and Lit- erature there. Tolkien retired in 1959 and has published, besides the trilogy, studies GOLLUM Placed Eighth in the Ugly Man Contest at Berkley. of Anglo-Saxon and Middle English literature. He created the huge work, The Lord of the Rings, over fourteen years and typed it two-fingered. XVorld sales of the trilogy total three million copies. The books have been translated into nine languages, among them Hebrew and Japanese. On his method of writing, Tolkien has said, My stories seem to germinate like a snowflake around a piece of dust. He has admitted that he had no idea where the trilogy was going when he started it. The author is modest about his work. VVithout the persuasion of C. S. Lewis, Tolkien probably would never have published the trilogy. The Hobbit has been considered a children's book, but Tolkien did not intend that it be such. He points out, The Hobbit was written in what I should now regard as bad style, as if one were talking to children. There is nothing my children loathed more. While The Hobbit could be enjoyed by children as well as adults. the tril- ogy is strictly a fairytale for adults. Tolkien thinks that writing fantasies just for children, who are supposed to be carefree, is a mistake, adults need them more for a diversion from their problems. Tolkien included many verses in his books, which supposedly are old legends that the hobbits, especially Frodo's sidekick Same Camgee, liked to recite or sing upon different oc- casions. Six of these poems have been set to music. One done in Elv- ish required that Tolkien instruct the singer in the sounding of the words. Tolkien would like to do a recording of his books with different voices for the characters - rustic one for hob- bits, and a hissing one for Gollum. He is currently at work on another book, The Sihnarillion, which elabor- ates on the material in the first ap- pendix of the trilogy. XVill The Lord of the Rings become a classic or will it be forgotten like so many other fads? Richard Veraa believes that it has everything a classic has, but you can't tell for five hundred years. Edmund Vllilson, an American es- sayist, calls the trilogy no more than an overgrown fairy story, a philolog- ical curiosity. Critics in general feel that the trilogy will last beyond our time. Michael Straight commented, There are very few works of genius in re- cent literature. This is one. XVhatever the case, many more readers are destined to become in- volved with the fantastic, yet believ- able world of the Rings, with its col- orful characters, amusing verses, and detailed description of the landscape. They will become so involved as to believe in the actual existence of the hobbits of Middle-earth. XVhen asked whether hobbits are real, a freshman at ICBC replied, Wow, when you finish the trilogy you really don't know! 29 In Britain, where it started in 1965, it's a mini-skirt. In Spain, it's a mini-faldo. In Greece, it's a mini- fusta. In Austria, Germany, and Hol- land it's a mini-rock. Never has a fashion fad spread so far and so fast as the mini-skirt. It is still spreading too! Mini-skirts can cause some embar- rassing moments such as it did to one Englishman. A shapely blonde in London was riding a commuter train Mini -Itlffilii Nl in i Voc R. Mim-faldo and our IVIININSKIRT by JERRIE NOWLIN 30 one day and the man sitting next to her gently laid a hand on her mini- skirted knee. I'm sorry, said the girl, but I'm married. The man went on with his campaign both in words and pinches. This 58-year-old pincher ended up pleading guilty to a charge of offensive behavior. It was com- pletely out of character for me, he said. He was fined the equivalent of 35670. This case makes one stop to think had the girl worn a longer skirt the old man would be 556.70 richer to- day and not sorry he took the train that day. Then again, who knows, maybe the old boy might have gotten a charge out of the entire deal and felt the money was Worth it all. Billy Graham, evangelist said, I don't see anything Wrong with the mini-skirt unless they are deliberately worn to entice men to have sexual thoughts. Some people say the mini- tg' skirt does just that! For an unstable mind, the sight of too much leg might certainly be an impetus towards crime. In Paris it has been rumored that the mini-skirt has spread a wave of sex attacks. Blaming it on the teen- age modes and morals the police fired the first shot by issuing to the press an unprecedented statement begin- ning, Mademoisellesl Don't tempt the devil. London journalist Christine Calpin, another mini skirt wearer, observed Wryly: If your mini attracts an over- amorous male, it also enables you to run just that shade faster if the need arises. Many girls on campus wear the mini-skirt. And not merely because it looks better on them. Some say it's the sign of times while others feel it's what has been created for them. There seems to be a difference of opinion on campus among the coeds. When Mike Miro, freshman, was asked what he thought of the mini- skirt, he replied, I think they are lousy. They sure lack elegance! Q ,.., -9,5 . ' l ., , , ,ir i .,. j Tom Border, freshman, had a dif- ferent view. Tom said, I think the mini-skirt is keeping with the time. However, I don't feel that they are entirely appropriate on a college campus because they are distracting. I'm neutral on mini-skirts, said Ken Perkins, sophomore. He added, I feel about the mini-skirt like I do about some girls going barefoot. There are some that just don't look good. The wearer of the mini-skirt wants personal freedom, said Ron Drusin, freshman. We oughtta raise the mini-skirt, said Bryan Oliver jokingly. Tom Genovese, sophomore an- swered this way. I like the mini- skirt but it depends on who is wearing them. I've seen some girls who have legs like horses and they still wear mini-skirts. They look disgusting! Nothing wrong with them, said jeff Brein, freshman. It's the sign of the times. Today most girls have to admit that it would be hypocritical to say that they wouldn't be flattered when they catch a man's eye. W nl' ' fl 61 ,Ht 1 I What a Girl Should Know About a Good Used Car ,..,.,q, -C Qw- 'Q.UC0.!I1- HERCURY ' ll it by SUSAN SCHMID It may surprise you to know that for years a considerable number of men have been quietly and privately entering women's domains, dyeing hair, cooking gourmet meals, going to diet studios and so forth. The Ful- ler Brush men have been challenging the Avon representatives for custom- ers. ln department stores you will mostly find men selling washing ma- chines and vacuum cleaners. CThey seem to know all about these products, but when it comes to working with them, they say, 'iThat's a woman'S . v- lob. J Cirls. it is now time to retaliate. Take off your apron and set it aside for a moment. Put on a pair of your boy friend's, husband's, or father's old, beat-up overalls, because you are now going to enter the men's World and learn something men usually think girls know so little of . . . How To Buy A Good Used Car. If you have transportation problems in your family that could be solved with a second car, take a tip from millions of other Americans who find an inexpensive solution by buying a used car. There are plenty of good used cars available and you can find one easily if you are willing to spend a little time looking and if you know what to look for. The first thing to bring up is what kind of car you want, or more prac- tically what kind you can afford. It is like picking out a dress for a dinner party and remembering that your al- lowance will not include a fur lined collar or a jewel dress. A car is fairly useless if its costs so much that there is not enough money left to operate and maintain it. Did you ever see a long sparkly formal so tight that it seemed impossible for its occupant to ride to the dance sitting down? It really is impractical. Remember, too, a car is a bad buy if it jams you into a financial corset. There are so many types of models to choose from and each one depre- ciates at different rates. A poll taken by a writer of an article in Senior Scholastic, concerning buying used cars, indicates the general choice is between smaller newer cars or larger older cars. both types in the same price range. The result was favorable for the smaller, newer car. Try to avoid the orphan models - those cars that are no longer manufactured. Many of their parts are unavailable. And with those snappy foreign models, make sure service and parts are available in your country. just for the fun of it, I went around to a couple of foreign used car lots. One place was located on North Fed- eral Highway. I spotted a 1960, baby blue sports car. I showed great in- terest in it. The sales pitch beganl It just had a 3100.00 paint job and the interior was redone, said the salesman. Except for the torn carpet it was a fairly good job. I was there at night and I guess the salesman hoped the black carpet would blend with the lightless lot. Then he said, Take it for a spin. When I tried to start the car it would not even putter. I tried again and again but still nothing. The salesman, thinking it must be the girl behind the wheel, tried it too. He had no luck either. Finally, by using a bat- tery charger he got the car started. As I pulled away from the parking space, the salesman stopped me and handed me the telephone number of the lot in case it stalled. And he expected to sell that car? Another experience I had was with a dealer on South Federal Highway. There, in a half deserted lot, rested a lonely old car. Old enough to carry running boards along its side. A big yellow sign with black bold letters quoted the price, S400.00. Eh, S400 for that car. That's right. Mind if I take a look? rrNO'ry VVhere's the motor? Thats extra, he grinned. Another sale was lost! Automobile experts suggest the two and four door sedans because they are more structurally reliable. They say that convertibles, hardtops and station wagons have a great tendency to accjuire rattles and squeaks as they age. Unlike accessories that girls would add to dresses, such as pearls or fancy pins, the accessories, such as radios and heaters, in used cars are not con- sidered extras and should not add to the price. Most will agree that a diamond necklace adds more to a dress than a rhinestone one, just as power brakes and power steering will add a little to the price. XVould you like to associate with a lady who starts with a jeweled '-'-.. crown on her head, then continues putting jewels in every conspicuous place, ending up with jeweled buckles on her shoes? Like such a show off, it is probably wisc to avoid highway veterans that are loaded down with accessories. The more the accessories, the greater the chance for mainten- ance costs. Most girls know nothing about car performances. It is a good idea to read automotive and mechanics maga- zines that conduct road tests and have owners' surveys on various cars. Since you are dealing with used cars you will have to dig out back issues of these publications. Popular Mecha fmics, Consumer Report and Con- sunzer Bulletin are such magazines. Cimbel fof department store famej said. Everybody but, everybody, loves a bargain. People will walk a mile for one. Or rise at dawn. Or spend themselves into debt because of one. One thing a woman must learn to do is to keep her head about so called bargains in car shopping. Be aware of promotions that promise too much. Especially the ones that suggest that they are practically giv- ing away cars. Chances are, you would never buy a car from a peddler or those fly-by- QEDIIIID ' fEas.1-f.-.e-f 7 'Wibfffn ' night outfits. Instead your choice will be either from an individual, such as a relative or friend, who will want to keep your good will, or from a reputable, well-known dealer, where there is little risk involved. A good dealer will want to please you, hoping some day you will buy another used car from him, or maybe a new car. If you are in doubt about dealers, con- tact the Better Business Bureau or the Local Chamber of Commerce for in- formation. Cirls. pass up the fleetl No. I don't mean the sailors. Avoid cars that were subjected to hard use, for ex- ample. taxis and police. vehicles. that once carried medallions, signs, warn- ing lights, etc. Therefore, look for mysterious holes that otheiavise should not be there. Like planting flowers. there is a certain time in the year that car buy- ing is at its best. The lowest prices are in autumn when new models are introduced and the older ones restock the used car lots. Dealers usually try to do their best to fix up the used car before it is sold. but some parts are too expen- sive or too difficult to replace and repair. Along with buying a used car, you must suspect flaws. Otherwise 35 it probably would not be on the used car lot unless the owner was very rich or style minded. No dealer is going to let you take the car apart piece by piece even if you knew how to put it back together. But say 'Agood-bye to those dealers who are strictly the look-but don't touch type. From Better Homes and Garden Magazine the following are clues to find the real condition of most cars. First, it must be noted that for serious shopping wait for daylight. Do not go into a car lot and begin kicking tires. That is the sign of a girl and a novice. Kicking tires may calm your inner nervous tension, but it does not tell much about the car except if the tires are filled with air or not filled with air. The speedometer is not a place to look for a car's mileage. There is no trick to turning back the mileage indi- cator to give a false reading. If the floor mats are worn through and mile- age indicator has a low reading, the1'e is an obvious inconsistancy. 36 Worn upholstery on the driver's side is hard to hide. Insist that the seat covers be pulled back enough for you to check. There should be little wear before 30,000 miles. Some driv- ers rest their elbows on the window sill, so check there for any signs of excessive wear to the paint. Be an astronaut for a while and operate all buttons and switches for the all go sign. Stand in front of each headlight and sight down along the sides of the car. You will be able to check for dents and repainting. There is nothing wrong with repainting unless it is a cover-up for a serious accident. WVindshield wipers nonnally last about six months before getting stiff, brittle and grayish. If the car is ad- vertised as being less than six months old, a check of the windshield wipers can help verify or disprove this claim. This next check will get you a little dirty but a bubble bath can change you back into a sweet smelling girl. Stoop down by a front wheel, grab the l 1 if e ill ,J M 11 E X' Q ci I -- H ,-A ,3 2 .4 S, 1 if lllttj si ' ALS 05590415 f T J'U,ST LIKE N f fl 'soo ' fl' -Q-1-1 LQ' SVA wg 3? RSSB' ,v G9 5 ll'CS,19Qum. , , X it ws , ' mx' , J lf I lf 1 5,57 Z' 1' 5 sd ,Qs 155, 'X xxx Mk' ,A J xx? xx I , S ,X 'Q 'i -A AN- -, 2 2 1 ,Z - ,A Q 'T 5 ri T- .51 01 fl' 0 1- lui! ., 2 fum ill W 1, it 1 5 7 r ,- . :A-.5 I,-I13 4 - If , 225 ' :TTT V ly ' I 'Tix ll' l C STK' Li- 1 'y x X ' 1 4 il I - l. s ..--,crew se, 2, , p Ls. Y A?-cl-J ,I -- --- fn: - I an ' 3 ,yn 1 gtg .. wif? ' .rg N fl T n. if S XT -t 3 E X .A T fgju ,Q ine- , Li 9 91 ' 'r' 1, of 1!-'19-'.'- f4Z5' A ' A - A 3 ?g5 , ,QQ..',.,. QD 5 , Q top and give it a good shaking. If you hear a noise, this suggests a worn out part Ceither a worn out suspen- sion joint or worn out wheel hearingl. Next, open and close the doors, trunk and hood to make sure they fit snugly. A had fit could indicate the car's frame suffered a had accident. Also, check under the hood for oil leaks. Pull out the oil dip stick and if a very heayy amount of oil is ill the crank case tthat is where the gasoline attendant puts the stick to check the level of the oill it was put there to quiet a noisy engine. In additio11 check the radiator's neck for rusty or oily water. this means the cooling system is due for servicing. Before closing the hood, check the condition of the hattery. You must not forget to look for the spare tire and make sure the jack is in operating condition. Keep your foot on the brake and if it sinks slowly to the floor hoard, you have found a leaking brake cyl- indcr which will have to he fixed. To conclude the Lot Test. grah each corner of the car and hounce it up and down. If it keeps houncing after it is released. the shock ahsorhers are due for tl replacement. The final test is the Shop Test. Here is where you should admit your own limitation and take the advice of an expert. Hire a trusted mechanic to examine the car you have chosen. It does not cost much and it can save you a lot of grief. Bring the car to him and hy all means. take the advice that you have paid for. Buying a used car is still a large investment. It is exciting. Usually. if it is your first car. you have a ten, dency to rush into it and worry ahout the consequences later. It is a tricky process and a gamble. There is no guarantee that as a used car huyer you will come out ahead. The main ohject is to reduce the risk and read the receipt iadl right. You will end up with .1 'icrcanr puff. rather than a lemon. Then you can put away those overalls until the next time. 37 Who Loves an HE N222 . WF Q50 www 'V QW , 51 Eine wi?-fbf W' z ' X , 1 9105 , , st Ill! i ll' is wal QNJ df Lis-J .?:.,..,. What's an egghead? Is he the guy with the horn-rimmed glasses who sits next to you in math class and never cracks a book, but always makes the honor roll or Dean's List? Is he the big man on campus who always has a razor cut? Maybe he's the great athlete who leaves his name forever cast in bronze for ex- cellence in athletics. Or perhaps he is the guy who spends three hours in the public library every Saturday night and prefers the YYilli4nn F. Buckley Show to Peyton Place. Obviously, he is the guy l--ved bv all calculus and algebra mujv 1 eacli test day. His mind is udmireo by ll 38 by SUZIE BIGNEY world who cannot understand this untouchable creature of society. He functions on a battery of intellectual brain power that never runs down. In other words he is a walking encyclopedia. The egghead is a sensitive, quick- tempered person who is inclined to be moody. He is a poet, statesman, musician, or philosopher, our T. S. Elliot, Adlai Stevenson, Leonard Bern- stein, and Timothy Learys. The egghead, or intellectual, is con- trary-minded and at times very quar- relsome. He may be conceited, ove1'- emotional and feminine in his reac- tions to problems. He is often con- fused in thought. The egghead lives in a world of ideas and words. He knows all about everything and particularly always seems to know what is good for the rest of the world. If we are slow in accepting his knowledge, the egghead automatically assumes we are stupid or backward in our thoughts. The egghead is always saying things, talk- ing and writing or announcing elab- orate plans, programs or projects. Then, of course, if the plans don't work out, everyone is to blame except himself. If you ask him what time it is, he will tell you how to take a watch apart. He is a man of impractical theories and overpowering sentences. Richard Hofstadter, author of An- ti-intellectualism in American Life, put it this way. An egghead is a man who takes more words than are necessary to tell more than he knows. Genius is used to designate excep- tionally high creative ability. In other words men are identified by their ac- complishments. The word genius is distinguished from talent both quanti- tatively and qualitatively. Talent re- fers to an aptitude for some special kind of work, a particular skill. A genius possesses more than this. It involves originality, creativeness, and an ability to think and work in areas not yet explored. Some geniuses are eggheads, but not all eggheads are geniuses. Men like Albert Einstein and Thomas Edi- son were geniuses. Edison once said, Genius is 277 inspiration and 9871 perspiration. One might add that eggheadism is 5023 knowledge and 507, egotism. The genius has an intelligence quo- tient or I.Q. of 140, a level reached by about one in 150 of the general population, according to the 1966 edi- tion of the Encyclopedia Britannica. The fact that a man of genius is actu- ally somewhat less prone to mental disorders, physical weakness, and body deformities, was also cited in this edition. NATURE OF THE GENIUS There have been many ways to ex- plain the nature and source of the genius. One theory says that the man of genius belongs to a separate psycho-biological species. He differs as much from ordinary man in his mental and emotional processes as man differs from the ape. Another theory states that genius is character- istic of psychosis and neurosis, psy- chosis meaning a serious prolonged mental disorder and neurosis meaning a milder fonn of mental illness than 21 true psychosis. Yet, fthe Encyclopedia Britannica says, The gifted child, or potential genius, on the average, is superior to other children in physique and health and in emotional and social adjust- ment. Sir Francis Galton, a British scien- tist and writer, fomiulated the theory that genius is an extreme degree of three combined traits - intellect, Cun- derstanding or mental capacityj, zeal, and power of working. In his publi- cation Hereditary Genius, he pre- sented evidence that genius tends to run in families. Some believe that the greatest pro- portion of men of genius in a total population was found in Athens dur- ing the period extending from the fifth to the second century B.C. Such men as Pericles, Plato, Aristotle, and Themistocles appeared in this period. BETTER TO BE AVERAGE An interesting example of a genius was published in the February, 1964 issue of the Saturday Review. Willie Sidis, who was born in 1898, was the son of a self-educated Russian immi- grant who had become an instructor in the psychology department at Harvard. At the age of six months, Willie knew the entire alphabet. At two he could speak, spell, and read books written for adults. Before reaching the age of three, he had worked out a formula for determining which day of the week any given historical date fell on. At four he was typing letters to adult friends in excellent English and French. By the time Willie was eight he had been graduated from high school where he had spent much of his time helping teachers grade math exams. He entered Harvard at the age of eleven. Soon he was making straight A's and lecturing to the Harvard Mathematical Society. People began bitterly resenting his brilliance. He decided if he was to live as a human being on good terms with his friends, he must become an average man. He wanted to know what it was like to be accepted by people again. For twenty years he worked spas- modically as a fmit-picker, a heavy laborer, and a shipyard helper. He died in Boston in 1946 at the age of 48. No one knows whether or not this genius ever found con- tentment. EGGHEADS NEED ATTENTION Eggheads are intellectually conde- scending and often feel they are bet- ter equipped to handle other peoples lives. Theories and ideals are neces- sary and welcome, but unless coupled with common sense and a down-to- earth approach, they are usually worthless. Although practical aims are boring and less colorful, they must join with the more exciting and creative pur- suits of ideals and new ideas. Unfortunately, holding onto the coattails of the most sincere eggheads, are the pseudo-intellectuals, those who desire to extract the best from their leader and claim it as their own. Without the egghead, there would be less movement forward. Although there is often no meeting of the minds between them and the intelligent, practical man, fthere are men of in- telligence who are not of this groupj, they need each other for balance. It woud be a duller and less pro- gressive world without eggheads, but also, a too experimental and speedy world with nothing but them. Eggheads need recognition from their own circle, more to stimu- late themselves and recharge their thoughts, than for monetary gain. In summation a genius usually has a one track mind and is intent and extraordinarily gifted in one area of endeavor. He can pursue his interest fanatically and alone without neces- sity of companionship. An intellectual must have the con- stand interchange of thoughts, ideas and conversation in order to feed his mind. Usually he stays within his own type of intellectual pursuants. An egghead is not necessarily a genius, but he is an intellectual, en- compassing a wide scope of interests. Who loves an egghead? Obviously another egghead, for it is hard to love without understanding. 39 Hocus Pocus In Focus 1- xl- 'V l -. - 187' i ,. 1+-'xx by BARB SALTER Ofano, Oblamo, Ospergo. Hola Noa Massa. Light, Beff, Cletemati, Adonai, Cleona, Florit. Pax Sax Sarax. Afa Afca Nostra. Cerum, Heaium, Lada Frium. The Preceding was a magic for'- rmula witches in the Middle Ages commonly used in sickness and other emergencies. Weird, huh? O. K., all you would-be-witches and-warlocks, your first lesson in the art of witchcraft or thaumaturgy is about to begin. Soon you should be well-enough oriented with this rare art that you should be able to cast a spellg or at least you should be able to prevent one from being cast upon you? This is true l l l A witch, according to Montague Summers, author of The History of Witchcraft and Demonology, is a rsorcerer who by commerce with the rDevil has full intention of attaining ihis own ends. The word is used :mainly for women, for according to lthe Dictionary of Magic written by llHarr'y E. Wfedeck, a male is called a lwarlock. NVitches, though often called jby other names, have been around i u n a Esrnce man first made his appearance :on earth. In the stone age, they were the ones who produced the tribal magic, appeased the animals, .healed the ill - in short, did every- thing a stone-age witch should do. VVitches are also mentioned in the 'Bible. A man or woman, in whom there is a pythonical or divining spirit, dying, let them die. tLeviticus 273 and another passage, Exodus xxll. 18, says: Wizards thou shalt not suffer to live. WVitches were never too popular, let's face it, but they must have some- thing going for them or else they would never have lasted so long. Right? So let's skip the history and .jump into the contemporary boiling -pot. The first thing you have to do to 'become a witch is grow your hair long. According to VVedeck, it is be- lieved that witches' potency resides in their hair. Shaving the heads of so- called witches before they were tor- tured was common in the Middle Ages. Cot the hair? If not, don't worry. In most cases the hair will grow in time. I'd suggest a wart on your nose though it's not a necessity. We just want to be witches, not gross. A few whiskers sprouting from your chin, however, might help the effect. Get out your garden hosel If you want to east some really cool spells, you must grow the proper kinds of herbs. Here are a few of the goodies that you'll need: forest manna, sage, meadow mint, alsine pubescens, sym- jlocarpus, Eden herbs, teriac, rue, or- ris root, lungwort, wormwood, centi- folium. Shall I go on? While your garden's growing, I'll clue you in on a few helpful hints. Don't forget to carry your garlic with you at all times. XVedeck says that this is a charm against the evil eye and it will prevent assaults by vampires. If you think you might need the water spirits, you had better carry the anachitis, a stone which is used for conjuring them up. If you feel you might also need demons, then by all means get a hold of an anan- cithidus. This stone is for demons only, none in particular just take your pick. There are demons for every occasion. Check the prices of the stones with your neighborhood rock collector. While you're at it, you might as well also pick up a bloodstone which will give its owner the power of hav- ing his wishes fulfilled. Calundronius is a magic stone that also might be useful. It resists demons and nullifies enchantments, in case you get carried away with the anacithidus. There are a lot of other goodies, but you can look over the selection when you make your first purchase. Follow the directions carefully or you never know what you might turn yourself into. And don't expect the stones to do all the work for you when you are eonjuring up demons and such. According to XVedeck. you must say some sort of chant or can- tation. One of the more common ones is: I, Cyour name is given herel con- jure you, spirit tmentioned by namel, in the name of the great living Cod, I conjure you to appear before me. If not, Saint Michael the archangel, invisible, will strike you into the bot- tommost depths of Hell. Come then Cspirit's name is again mentionedl to do my bidding. Before we actually get down to the spell casting itself, I'll clue you in as to who is on your side and who's not. Satan is the leader, guys, so what he says goes. When you get to be a full-pledged witch, you'll get to go to Sabbaths. Maurice Bouisson. author of Magic: Its History and Principal Rites, said the sorcerer ianyonc borrnd to Satan for knowledge and skill in the magic artsl will meet together for the bale- ful practices and to worship together the Accursed One. Don't look naive, you know about whom I'm speaking. The major sabbaths are celebrated four times a year at the beginning of each season. Wizards, witches and demons come from all over for these big ones. Smaller sabbaths are held at least twice a week for the witches, etc. in a certain area. These are all local. Here is a hint: always remember everybody is out for himself. The witch next door may turn out to be a variation of the spelling if you share your secrets with her. Generally, though, you can trust the witches in your own little sabbath. You know the old saying, The sabbath that prays together, stays together. CI think that's the onel. just don't be too trusting: this may prove unfor- tunate. Demons. wizards. and goblins may appear to be your best friends. The next minute there they are with a baked spider around their necks. The baked spider is the most common 41 amulet used in protecting one from all sorts of witchcraft. All I can say is, XVatch out for those baked spi- ders. YVedeck says that they work every time. Ghosts are generally hamilessg they usually feel inferior to witches. But watch out for ghoulsl The flesh de- vouring demons are real stinkers. All right, now for witchcraft prac- tice. Voodoo dolls are very common. This is called image magic and is a means of injuring or destroying an enemy. You make an image of the victim using a medium of any of many different materials: wood, wool, bitumen, wax, clay or other plastic materials. It helps to use a possession of the victim such as his hair, a piece of clothing, etc. The image is punc- tured with pins, thorns, or needles. According to XVedeck, flint darts or some other methods of mutilation can be utilized. Another death spell that you may find useful is: Put a two-tailed lizard into oil and cook it. Then anoint the man with it. He dies. VVedeck does not say how to cook it or for how long, but I guess things like that are second-sense to witches. The Evil Eye is another way of casting a spell. One can put a person on the witches' black list with the evil eye. This art must be practiced, for it is an art and only real witches can cast evil spells with the evil eye. A common love potion consists of briony, betel nut, frog bones, tobacco, mandrake. powdered hearts of roasted humming birds, sparrow live1', human blood and the heart of a hare. In Oriental witchcraft, a love potion was made of the brains of a hoopee pounded into a cake. or of magic lamp wicks inscribed with invocations and then burned. Not many magic spells can be found in today's literature. Most are locked up in the books of witches, for who knows when the spells may fall in good hands. In this scientific age, the good hands may find a capsule that will take away the evil from the spells. If this ever happened, where would the romance of having to kiss a toad to make him a handsome prince again or falling asleep for a hundred years go? As soon as you become a witch vou may be able to learn some newer spells or make some of your own up. One thing is certain, you can't fake it. If you're going to be a real witch, you must have a witches' mark - a red or blue spot somewhere on your body. It is produced by a tattooing process which brands you as an ad- herent of Satan. This is known as the Devil's mark. If it's pricked, it will not bleed. You won't need a big old pointed hat or a long black gown. The attire of witches now-a-days is quite con- servative. It is really hard to tell the witches from the people. All that is necessary is that you conduct yourself in the manner of a high class witch. As you p1'ogress in the witches' world, you may be awarded the witches garter which, ac- cording to XVedeck, is a sign of rank among witches. You are now on your way to being a witch. My best wishes go with you, also a bit of advice: stay away from little girls named Dorothy who carry buckets of water, and don't accept any invitations to a bonfire in Boston. CYou may never know if you may be the bonfire.j Also, don't forget to keep your broom in good flying con- dition. Equip it with an altimeter, radar, etc. XVith so many objects orbiting the Earth today, it will make for safer flving. People may think that there is no such thing as witches, but we know better, don't we . . welllllll??'P Mononucleosis: ls it Really as Serious as Some People Think? Oh my gosh, you're kidding! the shocked patient sat entranced in the doctor's office. No, Johnny, l'm not. You've got mononucleosis, the doctor replied quite unconcerned. Then quietly he handed the patient a prescription and instructed him to have it filled at a nearby drug store. That evening when Johnny came home, he told the family the news. Immediately the snide remarks came from all directions: Ha, what girl have you been out with lately? That's too bad, hot lips! Hey, Romeo, what are you doing tonight? Johnny had never had mono before and neither had anyone in his family. They did not really know what it was, and therefore they had to base their opinions :Jn what they had heard. Today, mono is one of the most misunderstood of all diseases. People have over-exaggerated its serious- ness, and have misinterpreted its connection with other diseases, such as hepatitis and leukemia. The most common belief that people have about rnono is that it is a kissing disease. Basically, a per- son is not wrong in believing this. Although all trans- just as rare as in chicken pox and mumps. The death rate is also very low - less than one-tenth of one per- cent. Those who do die do so because of a ruptured spleen or because they choke on enlarged lymphoids in the neck. This can easily be prevented, however. The incidence of mono in the male and female are the same, Dr. Faircloth continued. lt occurs mostly in adolescence, and is rarely seen after full puberty. ln children, the symptoms are usually so mild that they are overlooked and study of the disease is stopped before a positive diagnosis is made. Often when the throat is infected with other germs such as streptococ- cus or staphlococcus, the glands swell and discharge pus. Mono, however, is not characterized by this. Mono is on the increase, More college students are now admitted to hospitals for mononucleosis than any other disease, with the exception of acute respiratory diseases. Dr. Alfred S. Evans, Yale professor of epi- demiology, recently calculated the incidence rate of mono to rise from 9.7 to 23.5 per lO0,000 persons in Wisconsin over a period of five years. In England and Sweden, mono has increased four time as much over the last 20 years. It is fairly safe to say that an epidemic of mono will never occur. Mr. Stanley L. Englebardt, in Reader's UCLEOSI 'nission theories are still educated guesses, most phy- sicians agree that intimate oral contact is the usual 'neans of spread. Research carried on by the Army and Navy also establishes wet kissing as a significant factor in the spread of mono. Col. Robert J. Hoagland was the first to suggest this when he was a physician in the West Point cadet corps. After each vacation period, he noticed that mono was 'nore widespread than it usually was. After being away from women for months, it seems the men were 'naking up for lost time. Dr. Robert S. Faircloth, of Fort Lauderdale, said, how- ever, that mono could lust as easily be transmitted through water and air. Dr. Morris A. Bowie, of Swarthmore College, also suggested that mono could be transmitted by saliva droplets coughed or sneezed into the air or deposited :Jn tableware. Some cases of mono have also been traced to transfusions of blood from donors having the disease. Mononucleosis, also called glandular fever, was first :lescribed in 1889 by a German named Pfeiffer. The :hief symptoms of the disease are the appearance of a sudden, irregular fever, swelling of the glands in the neck, and sore throat. Also, the liver and spleen often enlarge and a rash appear on the trunk of upper arms. Mono is a common disease, now belived to be a virus. Even though it was not reported in printed medical books until after 1920, today it is recognized as being as common, perhaps, as mumps, measles, or chicken pox. Dr. Faircloth stated, Mono gives an immunity that other virus diseases give. Therefore, recurrances are by DAVID KALBACH Digest, used the following illustration for reason to believe this: During World War ll, the medical officer of a destroyer at sea diagnosed two positive cases of mononucleosis. With several hundred young men in tight quarters, he girded for an epidemic. The vessel remained at sea for four months - but not another crew member developed mono. Since further infections are resisted by the develop- ment of antibodies, some people may get mono from one person while others may not. A patient with mono does not have to be isolated or quarantined, however. When asked if mono could be cured rapidly, Dr. Faircloth replied, There are no drugs which can cure mono in a couple of days. However, Dupont is work- ing on a cure for influenzo virus. ACTH, a hormone extrated from the pituitary glands of hogs, has been of benefit in treating mono. Sulfon- amide drugs and penicillin have been of help in pre- venting serious damage caused by secondary compli- cations. Finally, steroids, hormones which act as anti- deflamatory agents, have also had a beneficial effect on mono. Mono does not cause months of debility, and it does not lead to other diseases such as hepatitis and leu- kemia. Almost any childhood illness can be dangerous among older people. But mono is so mild among chil- dren and young adults that thousands probably get it and never know they did. The height of the fever, sore throat, and swollen neck glands seldom lasts longer than one or two weeks. Even at this time, most persons are able to go about their business without any restrictions as soon as their temperature returns to normal. 43 , I I lb Q X T X 5 ..-' i if gi, N X X Z But I reolly did get mono from drinking out of someone else's coke bottle. lf The illness lasts for months, it is probably due to other causes. Perhaps the person has financial prob- lems, or Trouble at school. A mono patient also needs more sleep than he usually does, but This also lasts just for a few weeks. In a study conducted recently at Harvard, only ten percent of l3l patients showed any signs of the disease at all after six weeks. Dr. Willard Dalymple, director of University Health Services at Princeton, said that other complications are rare. Many persons have linked mono to hepatitis because jaundice has occurred in some cases. But this is a false conclusion. The damage caused to the liver by hepatitis is widespread and sometime permanent, while the damage caused by mono is only minor. There is also no apparent linkage with leukemia, There are abnormal blood cells found in both mono and leukemia, but the number of these cells is minute in connection with mono as compared to leukemia. The cells also disappear after a short time in mono. This abnormality is due to the varying in number and character of the white blood cells during the dif- ferent stages of the disease. The white blood cells in- crease greatly in number after six to ten days, and the character changes so that there is a majority of cells with a single nucleus instead of a majority of cells with many nuclei. The cells with a single nucleus are called mononuclear, and the cells with many nuclei are called polynuclear. Other names for cells with a single nucleus are lymphocyte and monocyte. The number of white blood cells usually goes back to normal after three weeks, and the characteristic dis- tribution and percentage of the different types of cells also changes. A new blood test is now being used to test this con- dition the same way the Wasserman test is being used to diagnose the chronic, infectious venereal disease, syhpilis, and the Widal test is being used To diagnose typhoid fever. With proper attention the patients 44 if, fa F9 ,,,. X X f-: .ri . X Xl I l A ll 1 X ' A usually get well in three or four weeks. Mono however is not a chronic disease, with fre- quent relapses. Prolonged bed rest is not the only cure. To prove this a study was conducted at Harvard where one group of mono patients was restricted to bed until all clinical signs of the disease were gone, and the other group was allowed to go about their business as they felt, as well as to participate in sports. The active group recovered much earlier than the inactive group. Be- cause of this, most physicians allow their patients to go about their ordinary life as soon as they want to. Recently, a halfback who was just recovering from mono made one of the most exciting runs of the Har- vard-Columbia football game. How soon a patient is able to go about his ordinary life, however, depends' on the individual. Emotional factors are no more of a problem with mono than in most other diseases. Persons may ber more open to a given disease because of run-down- physical or emotional conditions, and many illnessesi cause temporary depression. Most mono patients, however, get rid of this depression in a short time. Mono is fairly easy to diagnose. There are manyj cases which are too mild for diagnosis, however, thee more severe cases are identified with reasonable ac- curacy. There are several reasons for this. One, at doctor can detect obvious clincial signs on examina-i tion. Two, an examination of a blood smear will shows the abnormality ofthe white blood cells. Three, a newi Two-minute slide test is able to check the positive re-' action between the blood serum of a mono patient andf the blood cells of a horse. There are still many things about mononucleosisr that researchers do not know. But it is not as serious- as some people think. As Stanley L. Englebardt put it,' Next time you hear of a friend who has it, don't panic. Just don't kiss him. ,ll QW E J E E djwh X455 ' Qw- J32C.E'.h-nber , 31 Q 3 -: ,, 232 CY. gfqom fn 1 J ' Q... HMI In , fsepxwnbev X 4 -hx X . - 'H T, x 1+wHV 1 1 5-w Aug'-'sk Q 541 A CQ? S M! .t . 1 W v U, W S 'JL M. ,dw DJ Tanuarx' 39111. i.. o 5353 LH 4 EJ ff. f'4 ' Xf- FEB?-XEYLQ 93295 I U 1 r I f ff ,f f f 1 If in , LH. nf --gil ' ' gy '2 Q , arch ww- QQ vmffx x- xl..' X V513 -mdk' A f -1 M 5i'iiQ z, rl ' Q3L:'s.. 4 gf O 2' 'gn ca f qgcw Q Qmwf :QWW ,A YN f7 P ff: 'Zif-S1-5t5'?.2 f Qiilzzeff' Ci ' Tkgifaifglsl I I L 'gw S79 , 'Qffghfx N r.,,,wff:N y Q -57'ifCQk Q ,- ,bxmfif-3' Q .- WE-' 511: 'ag ,gfgti if fl vkd. ' N,.,.,xLsY,- xk RCWPLI'-YZ-,fx -. X y 3? 43 M , , K -0 A- -X,, xv'fA'QZitfXNEiTmig2N' 'WN21 X . 'ga X ,X bg E 6, -111+ 3'x 4 J' if U u UNE You may be better off than - you thlnl -' Q: ' by LYNETTE REYNOLDS , 1 ,' ' f' You are all verv, verw' average stu- ji RX OO i .' .N 1 k. - xx Q v xl dents. If anv of vou were verv NNQQXQS-N v , ' ' ., Xt c. 71, ' , bright, vou would be elsewhere. X'i'g,-1. 4. l 'e ' A j N 'Vt o j - These were words from one of ICBC, s , QD , In . ' I I Q q x A instructors. After the teacher ram- . ' Qty v bled on about how he hated coming 4 mx to this college everv morning, he con- QQ, - 1 'D- tinued to sav the junior college is a U verv weak structure in American education. . jkwf XVhv are students here? XVhat is the role of the junior college? YVhere is its future? XVhv would an instructor sav such a thing? YVhat are some facts about college situations? The college admission crisis now is bleaker than ever before - and school officials sav it is sure to get worse. Some officials estimate that 100,000 ijnalified high-school graduates will not get into a college this autumn. En- rollments in four-vear colleges and universities now total nearlv five mil- lion - up more than T30 percent in the last five vears. Almost all are overcrowded and the number of vouths reaching college age is acceler- ating steadilv. Some officials believe that the onlv hope of higher education mav lie in the booming growth of the two-vear colleges. Most of the growth has ht-en in -15 communitv junior colleges. public, tax-supported institutions with an open door admission policy and low tuition. The .junior College of Brow- ard Countv is an example of such a community college. These community schools now have 920,000 students. Another 125.000 are enrolled in private junior colleges. Bv l9T5. enrollment is expected to exceed two million. The United States has Tl9 junior colleges. with 20 to 30 new ones open- ing each vear. As soon as the new schools open, they are swamped with applications. For example, Miami-Dade -junior College. opened in l960, now has more than 20,000 students. Cuvahoga Community' Col- lege in Cleveland, which started in 19623 expects an enrollment of S500 this fall. Some cities have a whole network of community-college facili- ties. Los Angeles City College has 69,000 students on three campuses. This swift growth, said Bernard jolmston, author of Issues in Educa- tion, and the overwhelming demand for admission to four-year colleges have the same basic reason: techno- logical advances have made a high- school education inadecjuate prepara- tion for an increasing number of jobs. It is estimated that within five vears, 68 percent of the jobs in the United States will require some edu- cation or training bevond the second- arv school level. Back in 1930, only ten percent of all jobs required this and a grade school education was sufficient schooling for 58 percent. In 1970. it is estimated that a person whose education ended in the eighth grade will be equipped for only six percent of U. S. occupations. Most professional fields, require a full four years or more of college. But, says Dr. Paul VV. Cauffiel, psychology and education instructor at jCBC, there is a growing need for middle-level manpower in semi- professional, technical, sales and other work for which two years of college are desirable. Cauffiel believes that one of the finest advantages jCBC offers students is its technical courses. Many of the needs met by the jun- ior college included the following: 1. Many students unable to get into four-year colleges as freshmen of- ten do well enough in a junior col- lege to warrant transfer to four year institutions for the third and fourth years. 2. The junior College of Broward County and many other junior col- leges offer adult education in evening schools, permitting peo- ple with jobs to upgrade their edu- cation. Cauffiel said that many times he finds his evening classes most inspiring. Another instructor commented the evening students are very serious about their edu- cation. He said, It is rewarding to teach these people. Many junior colleges are open I5 hours a day, six days a week. ICBC is open I-1 hours a day, five days a week, all year 'round. n 0 . Students with limited funds can attend a public junior college for a fraction of the cost of most jun- ior colleges. One student, Beth Roe, explains her reason for being at jCBC, I'm just taking general courses. I'm not sure what I want to do just yet. Being here at jCBC is saving me money and still giving me the advantage of a background education. Rachel Rogers, another jCBC stu- dent, reasons the money situation this way, VVhy should I go to a university and pay S-150 a semester and take the same courses that are offered at jCBC for S100 a semester. She plans to transfer to a university after com- pleting two years at jCBC. In planning for college. it is im- portant to have a realistic understand- ing of the financial picture, said George F. McCall, counselor at JCBC. Let's look at the costs. The student in modest circumstances does not want to know how much money. Actually he wants to know how little money. The cost of a year in college in- cludes seyeral components: tuition, fees, board, room, books, personal ex- penses. spending money, social life and recreation. Costs have been go- ing up. The costs will inevitably continue to go up, observes Clarence E. Lovejoy, author of Career and Vo- cational Seliool Guide and Prepara- tory Sclzool Guide. How, asks Love- joy, can college operations be lev- eled off when professors and non- teaching employees expect and de- serve higher salaries, when fuel and maintenance cost more, when replace- ment buildings costs continue to mount? Some increases school officials say, are inevitable. Trustees, par- ticularly of the large private col- leges, and businessmen have been feeling for years that college fees should provide more closely the ap- proximate college costs. They have taken a dim view of the practice of charging, say S500 for tuition when it may cost the institution S900 a year per student to provide the education, libraries, laboratories and other facili- ties. Students virtually received a schol- arship for the unpaid increment of S-100. Today. colleges are beginning to charge S750 for tuition, some of them 31000, 51200, even S1800 and more. Some add a fringe of so-colled fees instead of including students partici- pation benefits, tickets for athletic contests and concerts, subscriptions to students publications, library fees, infirmary charges, laboratory break- age, practical rooms and instruments for music and accident insurance coverage. It costs approximately S2500 to S3000 a year to go to college in a private eastern institution, possibly a little more in a large urban center and a little less in some small cities and towns. This will include about S-150 lor S12 per college weekl for per- sonal expense. Costs will be higher if initiation fees and dues to fraternities, sororities or eating clubs are added. More must be budgeted if the student is on a campus where private automobiles are permitted. The year's total will also be more if the student takes fre- rjuent trips home or goes away for weekends on dates. A tabulation revealed that, instead of free tuition and fees, amounts from S420 down to S60 were being charged annually by state universities for their liberal arts programs. The median was S16 annually. In New York, state legislation was passed early in 1961 to permit public 47 institutions which had offered free tuition to begin charging for it. Most publicly supported institu- tions have two levels of fees, one for residents of the state or district and a higher tuition for out of state stu- dents. With few exceptions, institu- tions supported by municipalities do not have residential facilities. It is assumed that their students will be commuters and will live at home. Even in private colleges, the con- trast betwen the cost for residential students and commuting students is simple to understand. The commuter pays for lunches on the campus and for some of his dinners or suppers. He pays for transportation. The stu- dent occupying a dormitory room has to pay for his housing. his breakfast, and all his dinners as well as his lunches. He does not have the trans- portation charge but even the differ- ence between the campus residents and commuter can be S600 a year. Researchers and tabulators have found that college charges have doubled on many campuses in the last 15 or 20 years and tripled in the last thirty years. They are expected to double again by 1970. An average today of S2500 may be S5000 by then. Consider all the advantages of the junior college. Tuition at most com- munity colleges is low, ranging from S80 to S250 a year. In California, and at a few schools elsewhere, tuition is free. Students also save by living at home. One student at ICBC reasoned that he could get all his required subjects at the junior colege, can live at home, and can have the use of his car on campus. How can I beat that? The junior college does not lack activities. The ICBC activities em- brace projects, and functions, and clubs, which involve student partici- pation apart from formal classroom instruction and administrative ser- vices. Quoted from the college cata- log, They form an essential segment of educational development and are part of the curricular activities through the cultural, intellectual, and 48 social life of the college community. ICBC provides a student govern- ment, athletics, an intramural sports program, interest clubs, student publi- cations, service clubs, scholastic or- ganizations, professional groups, and religious clubs, not apart from a university. Campus life at a junior college dif- fers from that of four year colleges. Students say there is less tradition and college spirit. Few junior col- leges have dormitories or fraternity houses. Social life is not emphasized at the junior college, but is not missing. Enrollees in junior colleges who plan to complete a full four years of college take academic courses equiva- lent to those offered in the first two years of any liberal-arts college. These students have little trouble transferring to four-year institutions if they earn good grades, said Mr. Don La Rowe, assistant to the president at JCBC. Studies in several states show that, as a rule, transfer students do as well at four-year colleges as students who enter those colleges as freshmen. The number of transfers is rising rapidly. Some educators believe that, eventually, nearly all college students may begin in junior colleges. This, they maintain, would permit univer- sities to concentrate on students cap- able of advanced work. junior college students who plan to limit their college educations to two years select programs of training for specific occupations. They can choose among numerous middle-level oc- cupations. Much stress is placed, for instance, on the training of 'techni- cians to back up scientists, engineers, physicians and other professionals. In U. S. industry alone. 70,000 new technicians are needed every year, with little more than half that num- ber now available. Semiprofessional and technical programs offered in jun- ior colleges vary, depending on the needs of the area in which the school is located. In the midwest, for ex- ample, there are courses in agricul- tural research. At Montgomery junior Private Eastern College State Universities Private Institutions JCBC COST nm-ul mln Ill: lin -in :lust I-ll - I1 li IUII ll I If I-ll Q 1 lj IS 2 . IQ li ll I1 ISI 1 IKII ll I I-I I- I-ll Im! ll! ll I- I Im I-ll I-I Ill! S2500 500 100 0 1 S I ll S . College, near Washington, D. C., and close to government medical centers, courses are offered in radiation tech- nology, predentistry and medical technology. Nearly all junior col- leges in big cities offer a wide selec- tion of business-related courses. Students are t1'ained for such occu- pations as bookkeepers, legal secretar- ies, library assistants, insurance sales- men, data programmers, graphic-art technicians, and department- store managers. Statistics prove that graduates of junior colleges rarely have trouble finding jobs. Sometimes they are in such demand that employers sign them up before graduation. ICBC offers a two-year program in IS THE JUNIOR data programming. Processing re- ports that few students have com- pleted it. Employers desperate for competent help, hire students after they have finished one or two of the more essential courses. Some critics content that the junior college boom has been accompanied by growing pains. They say that too much attention is paid to diversi- fication of courses so that there will be something for everyone, but not enough quality. One ICBC administrator agrees with this. There should be broad offerings to provide for varying inter- ests and abilities. Students who wish to prepare for more immediate em- ployment goals will need a much higher concentration of efforts in their specialization, he said. A large number of junior colleges are under the control of local school boards. These boards, one argument goes, lack experience in higher educa- tion and regard junior colleges as ex- tensions of high schools. La Rowe said, Perhaps the big- gest burden of being under control of the local school board would be the time-lag in arriving at final de- cisions. More people are involved in the decision making. However, he added, there are a number of advantages. Some junior college officials believe their top problem is prestige Par- ents, they say. tend to think of junior colleges as places for rejects unable to gain admission to four-year col- leges. Most AICBC officials say they doubt this because junior colleges are becoming more and more num- erous and receiving more and more publicity. Are counselors reluctant to recom- mend a junior college to a bright stu- dent? Not at all, said a local high school counselor. Intelligence is not the primary factor in recommending a student to by-pass a junior college in favor of a four year institution. If V 4 Q if V' , A 4 t xr . .Si ,. V., ,ag T. li ' y IG' . .. .yn M j ua. . ft- , -Q af.: V gj' .jr . , iphdf- ith czigzg L . A . r if ,. :yt X1 '-31. 'I' f . ' Q V ' s li1l' COLLEGE HERE T0 STAY? .Q- .., .. ,.. 'I J-wr-: Professors and administrators often turn down job offers from junior col- leges, viewing any such change as a backward step. VICBC instructors who were asked about this said. in most cases. disagreed. They seem to have enjoyed being associated and counted as junior college staff members. ls the junior college here to say? La Rowe said, If they fully accept the role for which they were created, they will continue to experience an unprecedented growth pattern. XVhat do officials feel is the future for ICBC? The administration bc- lieves that when its difficulties are surmounted and it assumes the role for which it was designed, its growth potential is a challenging one. Prejudices have persisted from the days, 20 to 30 years ago, when many public junior colleges were housed in antirjuated school buildings, and for the most part. were inaderjuate. NI. R. Charles, professor of social science at the Oregon College of Edu- cation, said, The junior college, with its own campus and modern buildings. now is a permanent and unirjuely American educational institution, do- ing much to help meet the demands of a technologically advanced society. XVhat can be said to the instructor who condemns the junior college and its students? La Rowe said, This teacher does not appear to understand the function of the junior college nor his purpose as an instructor here. 49 With Time Comes Change F W fi rg 14 , ,fav ,N X M' ax . P 4 ,t42g ,. ' I I F-41 V -..,.,., A --.., 1l -Rf J 1 ,, -T4 The New Hospitality Center -4- Gary Simmons, co-owner of a sports service, was out for an easy after- noon's exploration of a coral reef just off shore. While swimming around he noticed a coral encrusted anchor. After a few peeks at the object he left to meet some clients. The next day he and his friends returned and found the anchor to be part of an old Spanish wreck. Within two hours they had filled an ice chest with old silver coins. They could have gotten more of the 10 million dollar treasure but they had to leave to keep a 10 dollar water-ski appointment! Scuba fself-contained underwater breathing apparatus? diving is the key to this excitement, anticipation, and perhaps even that fortune. SCUBA DIVING by BRANSON WILLIS Diving can be a hobby or it can actually be your profession. More often people take to scuba diving as a hobby, one that is completely dif- ferent than their career. Diving is totally remote from the world as we know it. A pilot still sees the world he flies above, although from a dif- ferent perspective, but the scuba diver sees a completely different worldg a world that makes up almost 7192 of the earth's surface. Thanks to scuba you are supplied air to breathe under water. This equalizes the force of the water on your body, allowing you to dive to depths up to 130 feet. XVith scuba you can skim through the water with the ease and natural adaptability of a fish. Vlfithout it you are no more than an awkward, noisy, flapping creature, forced to gulp air at thc surface. Scuba allows you to lee-I at home anywhere under waterg in a 52 C1060 Ci - o 0 O Q Q .K ,,.i Q O O t , X G O 'Q -X UG dy Ya, Ig Q 3,3 Q , I - il A ml OU r Q ,.. N- . I ' OCAIIII ff ff , vw ,,. ,wif 4, P ' . fl :4'... rf li QQUV Q 4? F V,.. yr F7 , cy.. ,I , upty ' f I r v 5 .f'-4251- ' 1' 'ity I . f e qrsarw lake, a river, and even the depths of the vast oceans. In preparing to begin diving as a hobby. the equipment you will need is your prime consideration. You must know it and learn to use it be- fore ever entering the ocean. Buy the best equipment you can for it could very possibly mean your life if defective. The aqualung is the distinct type of device which enables the diver to enjoy freedom of movement under- water. The most popular for civilian use is the compressed open air circuit type. Developed by jacques-Yves Cousteau, world famous underwater seaman, and Emile Cagman. Essen- tially all open circuit scuba are the same. They utilize a high pressure air cylinder, a cylinder valve as- sembly, harness, a valve for control- ling the flow of high-pressure air, the necessary breathing tubes, a mouth- piece to permit inhalation, and an exhalation valve. For most diving the scuba should also feature a reserve air supply or a warning device to in- dicate to the diver he is running out of air. The regulator supplies air to the diver on demand and at a pressure corresponding to the water pressure in which it is being used. There is no waste of the air supply, and within its safe operable limits, there is complete ease and freedom of movement in all directions. The basic demand regulator is integral with a mouthpiece assembly. Without a mask the diver is essen- tially blind. The use of the mask makes the underwater world as fam- iliar as our everyday living, while to dive without it is to move into a hazy, indistinct atmosphere. When choosing a mask the buyer can more or less suit himself. With the avail- able range today, it is possible to fit almost any variation of facial bone structure. The important thing to remember is the fit. It should have a tight seal, a wide vision, and com- fort. Plastic lenses are available, but they are not recommended since they scratch easily and fog more rapidly than glass ones. The lens should be optically as perfect as possible and the fit of the mask against the face should be snug with no leakage. pa Adventure .. -. .Y -e'fs'Xsr for ....,,, . . wax t fm. mffefy YN X- Q Q 'gsm 1 is - - ---r ex ' , . 4' , ' ff. p ls ,, ' ' . - A, ww Q ax 1 eg -. 3 1. - an ,ml .. f as 5 x jg it -ks' , . K Q x i S ,Q T - - r 4, X mX,A . Q. M b wif-it ,M it Q An essential item on the scuba diver's list is a pair of flippers. Flip- pers serve to give the diver increased speed, maneuverability, and at the same time conserve his energy. With- out them the diver's range would be considerably lessened. Area and stiff- ness are the essential factors to look for when buying flippers. The full- foot type that completely covers the bottom of the feet are the best as they protect from sea-urchins, rock, coral, and similar underwater hazards. Protective clothing should be worn in all but the warmest of waters. In any water below 780 F, protective clothing is a must. The risks involved in continued chilling are many and dangerous. Surface temperature may be a comfortable 800, but at 35 or 40 feet it is considerably less. At these low temperatures the body can- not retain its heat and stiffness sets in. The knife is a necessity for all divers. Divers need a knife as a means of self defense and for the many odd underwater purposes. A thick stainless steel blade will resist corrosion by salt water much longer than a steel blade. It should weigh about one and a half pounds. A depth gauge is one of the most vital and necessary pieces of equip- ment used by a diver. If a diver plans to make a dive that requires decom- pression, an accurate gauge is needful as the aqualung itself. The gauge is also invaluable for charting, explora- tion or any other form of under- water surveying. A watch is important also. On dives requiring decompression it is import- 2' Y' u Eff .. if V ,J ,. . .api Q 5 K4 -2' . QQ 5 ,. ig . ,gf,t .A15:f. Q ,. V . ' f Y,- -' . ,-. v -sag.. ta an 53 ant that the diver have timing ac- curacy. Treasure hunting is the most excit- ing of underwater adventures. Scuba divers have brought up doubloons, old guns, cannons, cannon balls, and priceless relics of ancient civilizations. The Florida east coast line is the most heavily laden treasure trove in the world. Dozens of shipwrecks are littered along the coast. Of approx- imately 8 billion dollars in gold ex- tracted by the Spanish from the New World, at least 576, or 400 million dollars worth, was lost in shipwrecks. As a result, hundreds of divers are combing the coast line for treasure, and many are seeing their dreams come true. The actual value of the loot lost is far greater than the esti- mated 400 million since this gold and jewelry brings huge prices on the market. A single Spanish escudo can bring as much as 1200 dollars. The most famous and most lucra- tive of the Spanish treasures went down with the Flota de la Plata or Silver Fleet. Eleven galleons set sail for Spain from Havana on Iuly 27, 1715, with an estimated 14 mil- lion dollars worth of gold and silver. The fleet ran into a howling hurri- cane off the coast of Florida. Ten of the ships went down, 1000 men died, and Florida waters were littered with treasure. The Spanish retrieved about four million, treasure seekers have recovered about three million more, but most of it still lies on the ocean floor, worth many times its original value. Kip Wagnes of Sebastian, Florida, a brick layer and long-time treasure buff, found part of this fleet's treas- ure in 1965. VVagner would often find old Spanish coins washed ashore in a cove near his home. XVhen he found a map confirming the fleet's destruction he said, Treasure fever had me in its grip. He formed the Heal S Corporation with a group of Florida friends. After one summer of hard work the corporation had come up with about one million dollars of sunken treasure. Included in the find 54 was an exquisite gold chain of 2,176 hand made links, valued in excess of 50,000 dollars. Sold as gold and silver, the find would be of middling value. Its real worth lies in its rarity and quality of the individual pieces as collectors items. One coin brought up was worth 4000 dollars. In late 1965, four American scuba divers, Gary Simmons, Dick Tindel, jack Slack, and Bissel Shaver II, who ran a watersports service, stumbled on two cannons, two anchors, a quarry from the ocean floor. Many divers have uncovered smaller amounts all along the Florida coast. Most of the treasure finds to date, have been in about 20 feet of water and less than a mile off shore. The Spanish fleets tried to stay as close to shore as possible to avoid piracy. As a result they were pushed aground against coral reefs during the hurri- canes or high winds. There is documented evidence of the locations of Spanish fleet wrecks. The U. S. Coast and Ceodetic Survey OO 00063 Ugg l O .CCAC . A Zagat I I 0535? 0 I lf' lr ' X . . ' Q X - x lh . If ' ,r . w X I A sawlffft ul v , K 4, 'gifs I T7 .1 . QkS M of ballast rock, and more pieces-of- eight off Grand Bahama Island than the world has ever seen. Simmons made the find in only two fathoms of water, so close to shore you could feel the vibrations from the traffic. After spotting the wreck, Simmons had to leave to keep a 10 dollar water skiing appointment! They all later returned and eventually came up with treasure so rare that their total find amounted to I0 million dollars! These are just two instances of the fabulous wealth being brought up maps pinpoint wreck sites. Historical books trace the routes taken by Span- ish fleets. Hundreds of books on sunken treasure that list many of the famous treasure-fleet ships that were lost and their locations are available in city libraries. Many strikes have been made by casual scuba divers, but the real pay- off usually goes to companies that can afford elaborate treasure hunting equipment such as electronic metal detection gear, sand pumps, and power boats. Calvin DeViney of ,.-w ' P' 1. Marine Specialists in Miami, uses transistors to find sunken treasure. He relies heavily on a nautical mag- netometer. It is housed in a torpedo shaped unit and dragged along behind the boat. It detects the iron and metal below the surface and registers it on constantly moving graph paper. When a strike is made, an inked stylus jumps wildly back and forth on the graph paper. If you can't afford such elaborate and expensive equipment there are other ways to detect underwater treas- ure. Don't look for the wooden frame of the wreck. It has long since been destroyed by sea worms and the cor- rosion processes of salt water. Look for ballast rock. Ballast rock is what the old seamen used to use weighting down the keel of their ships to keep them upright. Ballast rock is heavier than coral and it won't crumple like coral will. Look for coral encrusted anchors, cannons, and cannonballs. These are also coral encrusted, but they give definite angular patterns that natural coral formations do not. Many divers locate wrecks on their own without benefit of specific equip- ment. However, if they find what appears to be a prosperout wreck they often invest in equipment that will help uncover and sort out the items of monetary value. ' r up -,f x fkg Diving for sunken treasure is not all peaches and cream. Often many disappointments will be encountered before finding a profitable wreck, but the excitement, expectations, and pure pleasure of diving make up for them. It is important that you have the basic knowledge of diving: its dangers and shortcomings, and it is important to know the limitations and expec- tations of your equipment. You should never enter the water with scuba without first knowing at least the very fundamental aspects of diving. Once you have mastered these basics, a whole new world of excitement and adventure is open to you. Here are a few Spanish wrecks that make interesting and possibly profit- able diving. El Infante: This Spanish galleon was part of the 1733 Plate Fleet that went down during the hurricane on july 15, 1733. The Plate Fleet of 1733 carried the entire first minting of the Pillar Dollar. Because of its size, it's believed to have carried a large portion of the shipment. It is about 20 feet below the surface on the center of Little Conch Reef about four miles off Plantation Key. San jose: Also part of the 1733 Plate Fleet, lies in 18 feet of water about one and a half miles inshore from the El Infante. Very little of its treasure has been found. Herrera: Another of the 1733 Fleet lies in 18 feet of water two and a half miles off White Harbor Bridge in Islamorada. It is a good possibility of finding cannonballs and other arti- facts in the sand. El Poper De Dios: This wreck lies in about 20 feet of water one and one half miles southeast of Lower Matecumbe Key. Santa Marguerita: This wreck is believed to be down just off Lower Matecumbe. It was part of an eight- ship fleet that departed from Havana August 22, 1622. It ran into a hur- ricane and of a crew of 500, only 423 survived. Some of the survivors were picked up on Long Key and they said the ship ran aground during the storm. The ship had a 15 foot draft so the water had to be shallow. None of the 30 million dollars worth of gold and silver aboard is known to have been recovered. San Francisco: This wreck is about one and one half miles due south of Craig, Florida. It has been pretty well worked over, but many silver pieces are still being found. Tres Puentes: This wreck is about one mile out to sea from the wreck Herrera in 18-22 feet of water. It offers a good chance of finding silver coins and bar silver. San Pedro: Still another of the 1733 Plate Fleet, it lies in 15 feet of water in about the middle of the Indian Key Channel almost one-half miles south of Indian Key. Many small, irregular shaped coins called cob money have been found. Some of this cob money is very rare. When looking for gold or silver coins. remember that they will almost always be encrusted by coral unless buried under the sand. Some mas- sive conglomerates of coins weighing more than 50 pounds and consisting of scores of coins have been found. The coins can be chipped away from the coral by being very careful, but the best method is to use a weak acid to chemically decompose the coral without hurting the coins. 55 by MIKE SOWERS Hurricanes have plagued Florida more than any other state. The part of the state which is most often hit is the southeast or Cold Coast. This area averages l, storm every 7 years while Pensacola gets one in 10 years, Tampa and Cape Kennedy have hur- ricanes l in 20 years and fortunate jacksonville experiences hurricane force winds 1 in T5 years. XYhy does Florida have so many? First. it is southernmost of all states. This factor means that it is suhjected to hurricanes of greater strength since hurricanes do originate only in trop- ical areas. Florida has weak and strong storms alike. while other coastal areas usually get only the more pow- erlul storms. Florida is exposed on all sides hy large bodies of water. The Atlantic Ocean lies to the east, the Cfarihhean Sea is to the south, and the Cnlf of Xlexico is on the west. Storms can originate in any of these areas. mostly in the tropical Atlantic. Since hurricanes follow unpredictihle and yarying courses, these waters pro- vide for many different directions and angles of entry. The steering currents, which are deciding factors in the hur- ricane's movements, often luring storms into the peninsula. 56 The devastating facts about Florida Hurricanes X '25 OKEECHOBEE 3QI.Vj..'gf.gff5QQf,gt - EAGLE 'T if if -ff: Xxx? y 'E+ 00+ i,f5:,:.:.: - - . 'sf 1608 l f'.f .ff:'5i':..J'1, .8 I . ti... ,,,. In Q ,. UTOPIA '11-:ff I 5' , GLADE s v5.53-, mfr 'S .r'--.'- 5: Aff' O f c o u N T Y 5,472 1 me If .-,. fi.. 1 .. . 4 :-,,15...-rp---. --.f .1445 aa, LAK E age C f1j:f51gEr:fIf' POR 5-'X'-2:f5f:ffE2 P A L, ,.,w'f . 5 tqrgfjgsag. B E A c H . A 1, 4.5 'ls Oesenvmon I. Aff! , Q, , MOQQSEN SE PAl-80 1 Wgonrisasvrat QQ, s it D um: ka- .:. Pgaifqw KRMMEPWVW Usuommgo '- - . 4' 4 LW A I J S f7'lCPOCHfE CLEWISTON RTA LTORRY 0 71-.Szcr1oul3 I Bm BEM vggm 1- uoiosm 'L N L E E C O U N T Y ' RlTTA 1- BW ' .Eriliri'EE I ' . , ' O 1 5 10 Mpgnckgfigggkw sou EXPERIMLTTI ',g9,r emu-1 Roan sem.: in mess i Sm-mn 'K L E G E N D l Si Eg, ROAD -l iff !: X222 CANAL .----------- I ,I Pg 3 courm' one 5 sa - rwmono ..-.........H.......... l it xg x Lake Okeechobee Area before the 1928 Hurricane Tropical cyclones CHurricanesl have proved to be, throughout history, the most destructive of storms. They do not have the size of some of the great cyclonic storms of temperate zones and their winds do not ap- proach the tremendous violence of those in tornadoes, yet a combination of size, power, and duration is present in no other atmospheric disturbance as it is in hurricanes. As one meteor- ologist has said, They are a lot of wind in a helluva hurry. September 15, 1926, the Fort Lau- derdale Daily News printed giant headlines announcing that a storm of great intensity was lurking somewhere in the tropical Atlantic, northeast of the Antilles. A short story followed announcing the possible danger to the Bahamas. Despite these sensational bulletins, the people of Fort Lauder- dale and their neighbors in Pompano, Hollywood, and Miami felt little cause for alarrn. A hurricane had not seriously threatened Broward County since 1912, and the residents were almost totally ignorant of tropical storms. The population of southeast Florida increased considerably during the land boom, a time following World War I in which there was widespread speculation. But 1926 marked an end to this era and the surge of humanity into Florida gradually levelled off. Because of this vast flow of people about 9095 of the residents had not experienced a hurricane. The new- comers had read of a recent hurri- cane which looped and spun around Palm Beach County causing little damage. The lack of severity of this storm did not aid in building respect for the meteorological monsters. The sunset of the evening of the 17th of September, was normal and there were no changes in the weather to arouse suspicion. Most of the peo- ple living on the southeast coast were asleep by 11 p. m., the time warnings were finally relayed to the weather center in Miami. At that same time winds were picking up and the bar- ometer had started to fall. Hurricane . ,.,...- .,,.. . .-,-, V . .:..:.:-:rm-:AL -.--.. 4 .V ,...-.-.v.- 1 .,.:v 1 -.... . 1- -,...',---.- .4-1--1-:ag -,f- .v --1 -1--' 9-1 -'-f ---ig--V: -.-- 1'-4-.:-,1-1-4-1+-V:-:2151151-1:5-1,5111-:-Q,-Hz'-,',,g:a-4-1,-11,,fare.1.,,::,,15:,:g.551ggf-I .,... . ., , - , - , , 7 VA'. A lplv 'A.'.A -lvl T ...., 1- a . .,.' 2 . 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' V -:-:-:?t5:5259Y!' 4:'f:2'r- 'i'f'f:?:7:7:7:5:1:f' :f:1:f:r:1--:lar-2--2:-.-4' - .,. -D --' 1.-.:.-g-:,+g3:g:gg.,:::,jfszggag:-1:3 .xr '- ,,s,3,...3,-:, f , 552- ga ''zi-2:25 I-'-':T5:2T:2:i:2:-. - g., ,::,:-V 4,9g'-':q:fpiK'24'.,wwx:,:p:-:5w?.a3-59:9-4Qi,,.:2:fc .-C:2.!.-1,,,:v::9?:2:1-gag.: - -by t-:,,p.5,,:,,, hare? -35-Q-If'.ff:1E2EEIE1EF1EI7 - - .r'- - 35 :rf1ssf..:ifagQg5g rv'-1' .-:::v-1:r:2f-:-'-'- .. ...ru -.-.-:r.1:1:.:rw-'-'.-s:r: ' :.-r.r::-'. -. ff -4 'I5:'-5!1.'5.-'1.5 - ,,,,, . -A-4-azz'-tri: 1-arzrri.. er -1-2 -'-' 5 I fr:,g:5.5-2,5 .,.Wg.,.,,:,.,..:E?f-5,1 'Sw f.zgggszr-2'-1-zrtgggab.,. ' J 1+ -3:5i -fiijwrff-' G-sz:-55235535zgfzgfg'-1:53m2.5,:-:c-:-:5::,:5:f5:gf8'+ .44 3:,ig2i3:j,g:3ge,1 5 W,.,1,7:. 13. V:-,.,.:,g - :Y If-:'..-Sier r a?-af 2--f':-45:1 af .r:'- - aaa:-:.- -22Lu2f:za2e:...s:1-Via...2.1.7rw...H'-...'.r.....,.: .-rg-.1 4:-9 -. 3 4,2555-1235--wprfiw..1-1-1-1-1.1-pa-E..-:'-a-:-:-:-v-:za-Q-55:2-:M-.-1-:-.4r-.45-fa.-gram-sw-2:-2, . .-F . 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L-: ' - ' -lzrzlzfzlszifzr:2:rnliiiimrzifgzizar:r:r:1:1s:1:rarg1:22:f:21zr:2:2:Er:2:2:1:5r:2:2:1:5f:13i. ...- izfrfgaz, 'ff-5g:4 '. 3 --1:-4 .-:fag gf E?Er?E2E111EirE:1'iiErE22252251215215525331ESr52E:E25E1E'E1?-. f5E2i1Er5:fE25.rs?E1:2 .1 -1riI5152352251531252Ee1ErE1Ek2E2ErErE1Er32ZrEri2f2ErErE1E1Er' ''Q E335E62E1E1i5E1EfE5EgE5iE5:35EE5:5E5? :-, I:E5:g5:r,:5: ' -g-11.-:J ., 1-21-5--,. , Fefe? -''ffErErE:E:E:E2:rEfErE1E1EfEgEr11ffffEfE124.-.-.-...-.-.-.-.-,11L115E1Ef:1E3E1E1EfEfEEqEIEgif2552323523355QE5555gi53925522325E,:.1.1.H.i35553555355igg:g:qq:5:q:3315:5Q , -azzgw r.j:,f3.S-:-.,:,,,., Everglades Experiment Station warning flags were futiley hoisted along the coast. At 1 a. m. winds of hurricane force began to arrive. Miami Beach felt the presence of the storm first. Heralding its arrival, a tidal wave swept over the beach, through Biscayne Bay and into Miami. Tides quickly rose to eight feet. Fort Lauderdale did not have so devas- tating a beginning but destruction soon mounted. VVinds of 135 mph tore flimsily built houses off their foundations and giant seas took huge gulps of sand from the beaches at Hollywood and Fort Lauderdale. When a lull in the storm came, the shocked and rudely awakened citi- zenry ventured outdoors, stepping over fallen trees and wading through muddy water. It was a time for sur- veying the destruction the powerful storm, which ended so quickly, had caused. Or so it seemed. One of the few people who were aware of what was happening was R. XY. Cray, Meteorologist in Charge at Miami. He rushed into the streets shouting that the lull was only the center or eye of the storm passing over. Few lis- tened. Many were lost as the second half of the storm lashed out its fury, changing from an eerie stillness to a raging torrent of wind and water. The second half of the storm proved to bc more destructive than the first. A wall of water, three feet high was said to have moved down Las Olas Boulevard in Fort Lauderdale, flood- ing numerous homes and businesses. The storm reached its peak between 5 and 6 a. m.. Saturday, the 18th. Cray said. The intensity of the storm and the wreckage that it left cannot be adequately described. The continuous roar of wind, the crash of the falling buildings, flying debris and plate glass, the shriek of fire appar- atus and ambulances that rendered 57 . N : 'if Q. V .Q :.- 1. A : -:2g5E'E,E:.23 ...S-L1 s. ' 1 . '::::s::1-::.f 1. s' . 5153552 'I I ' as .. 2. 5' 'i Em ''''gg,-5.45,1.3122-3-jEQfQ:i' 5 5 .. 'ii5.E:i:?2it5gsig-t5SQz:1:.:.r'.'ig-2-as:2:1:s-:::-F.'4-'-.:.:a:5Pz-: 55,315.55gags.::-....-.gg,g:5.:.:1.. . x,., - - - I . '- lt :- ' 155fE5i:iT ' 'I' ' 1 :il 2 K- 1352:-,:,,. -1.3. If gp if 1 X 5 X 2,000 persons perish assistance until the streets became impassibleg the terrifically driven rain that came in sheets as dense as fog: the electric flashes from live wires have left the memory of a fearful night in the minds of the many thou- sands who were in the storm areaf, After crippling the coast, the hur- ricane jutted inland causing great damage to cities south of Lake Okee- chobee. Great flooding in some areas accounted for a tragic toll of deaths. Moore Haven alone lost over 100 people. Cleanup operations were practically as heartbreaking as the storm itself. Fort Lauderdale reported 21 deathsg Dania. ll, Hollywood, 5-lg Hallandale, 2. Miami lost over a hundred. Deaths numbered 372 and injuries 6,28l. Thousands were homeless and 902 of all buildings were damaged or de- stroyed. An approximation of total damage amounted to Slll,775,000. Broward County as well as Dade, had to establish bread and water 58 lines. All communications and sup- plies were cut off from the outside world. Mayor VV. Tidball of Fort Lauderdale declared martial law to prevent looting. The devastating '26 storm taught a necessary lesson. Most building con- struction was done by people unfam- iliar with hurricanes. Thousands were left penniless as a result of the ended land boom. As a result housing was cheap and highly susceptible to dam- age by winds of hurricane force. The '26 hurricane brought about better building codes, more effective warn- ings and greater public awareness. That storm has been called Crand- daddy of all storms to hit Broward County. Two years later, that same month, another hurricane struck. VVeather reports said the storm would not hit, but it did. Dade was spared, but areas of Broward County suffered severe water damage. Fort Lauder- dale's maximum winds reached 60-S0 mph. Electricity was out but there was an ample supply of water. The damage could not be compared with that of the '26 storm. Yet this 1928 storm went north of Broward to become Florida's most catastrophic hurricane. It went inland at the Lake Worth-Palm Beach area, creating giant tides and blowing with winds of 120 mph. Most of the in- habitants of these cities were ready for the blast, and efficient evacuation prevented a heavy loss of life. Flood- ing and winds caused a great amount of damage to practically all the build- ings of this area. The hurricane continued to move westward toward Lake Okeechobee. There it took many lives. Violent winds nearly emptied Lake Okee- chobee, breaking dikes and releasing tons of water onto crops, houses and people. The number of deaths was in one hour never really verified but a rough esti- mate was made at 2,000. The cities of South Bay, Belle Glade, and Pa- hokee suffered heavy losses. Pelican Bay was totally destroyed. Damage was over S25 million. The'28 Okeechobee Hurricane ranks as the third worst natural disaster ever to occur in the United States. A hur- ricane struck Galveston, Texas, in 1900, killing 6,000 and a dam broke in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing 2,000 to 2,200. The September 16-17 hurricane ended Florida's roaring twenties. Labor Day. 1935, was the date for the most intense tropical cyclone ever to hit Florida. A small hurricane hav- ing sustained winds of 200 mph and gusts to 250 mph barrelled into the middle Keys, producing tides of 11 feet. Henry Flaglar's overseas rail- road was totally destroyed. On com- pletion it might has been the eighth wonder of the world but it was wrecked never to be rebuilt. Worst i I et. Pump house on levee, South Bay, South Florida Conseorvcincy District. of all 400 people were killed, mostly by drowning. Of this number, 116 were World VVar I veterans, remnants of the Bonus Anny which marched on Washington. They were in the Keys working on construction as a part of Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration. During this storm the barometer dipped to 26.35. The bar- ometer is an instrument used to meas- ure the weight or pressure of air. It is a good indication of storm inten- sity. The 26.35 was the lowest ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere. Had the Labor Day hurricane been larger, the Florida Keys might now be somewhere off the coast of Texas. In November of 1935, a storm named the Yankee Hurricane came southward from Bermuda. It did not affect Broward County particularly, but did 35,500.00 worth of damage in Miami. In the Bahamas and Flor- ida combined, 19 were killed. The remaining years of the '30's were blessed in that no major hurricanes hit the state. The 1941 hurricane began an era of severe storms. Due to good warn- ings, only five were killed and dam- age amounted to S675,000. Once again, in 1945, a storm swirled into Homestead boasting winds of 125-130 mph with gusts reaching 150 mph. Loss of life was minimal but the bill payed for the storm was 354,000,000 September of 19-17, was the time for another severe storm. This one has been called the Fort Lauderdale Hur- ricane since it came inland at Fort Lauderdale. It was a storm of great size and intensity. VVinds were meas- ured at Hillsboro with sustained blasts of 120 mph and gusts blew at 155 mph. It moved across the state at 10 mph with little change in intensity. Record rains accompanied the storm and severe flooding occurred all along the east coast. In respect to its pre- decessors, which had comparable size and intensity, it did little damage. In Florida, S31,800,000, and 11 dead were the vital statistics. This hurri- cane hit September 16-17, the same day as the '28 blow and a day before the '26 storm. The lesson learned from this hur- ricane was to take better precautions to protect and secure buildings under construction. Yet because of im- proved construction, preparation and warning, losses were reasonably held down. Two years later, in 19-19, Delray Beach was the site for the debut of a hurricane. NVinds from 130-150 mph buffeted the coast and tides rose. Les- sons learned from past stonns saved Palm Beach County from loss of life, but property damages mounted to S-15 million. In 1950, a hurricane lashed out its fury near Melbourne severe damage to the citrus crop in Indian River County. The period from 1941-50 was a time of unusual storm activity. In all. Hollowciy's Drill Borgep Badger building cmd Postoffice, Feuchtinger building. 59 New devices used to detect hurricanes 17 storms hit the state, 8 of which were of major or extreme intensity. It was during this time that the U. S. Navy and Air Force sent out Hurri- cane Hunter squadrons for weather reconnaissance. In 1953, the practice of giving hurricanes names began. This was done in order to avoid con- fusion and save time in communica- tions. The 5O's were relatively calm in the Florida Peninsula. Hurricane Donna, in 1960, broke the calm. Roaring out of the Carib- bean with 100 mph winds, she struck at practically the same place as the Labor Day hurricane of 1935 - the middle Keys. She c1u'ved westerly and totally missed Broward County, although winds of 85 mph were ex- perienced. She left a death toll of 150, mostly in Puerto Rico and swept all the way up the Atlantic Coast to Canada. Damage was minimal along the Cold Coast. A small, but dangerous lady, Cleo, came to Broward County in August of 1964, after killing 137 people in Guadeloupe, French West Indies and Cuba. She gathered strength over the Florida Straights and hit Biscayne Bay with full force. The evening of the 27th, Cleo inched her way toward Broward with a course centered over State Road 7. Cleo continued north- ward and became the first Florida hurricane ever to run parallel to the coast. The Fort Lauderdale area suf- fered S36.7 million worth of dam- ages, mostly as a result of the 135 mph winds traveling with Cleo. Water damage was not severe but wave washing caused widespread beach erosion. Two people died as a result of Cleo and the final damage count was over S110 million. Betsy, in 1965, did not affect Broward greatly, thus Cleo was the most recent severe storm. To the people of Broward County, Hurricane area today: South Bay, center, Torry Island at upper left beyond Hoover Dike. North New River Canal clicigonalling to lower right. Belle Glade upper right. Checkered fields formerly lake bottom. K' ., -3.54. , - . .-ws X' lin L.. 'M . ,, , .fm nature has reconfiirned her reign. The recurring danger of hurricanes has forced Florida to put into effect strict codes on all construction with regard to materials and methods. Those codes have been called safety on paperf' Precautions have also been taken with regard to flooding, such as strengthening the dike around Lake Okeechobee and numerous rein- forcements of sea walls. A different kind of hurricane control is being studied at the National Hurricane Center in Miami. Cordon Dunn is the Director of that organization as well as the Chief Meteorologist of the U. S. VVeather Bureau in Miami. Dunn is probably one of the world's fore- most authorities on tropical cyclones. He is a friendly man who is obviously devoted to his work. The National Hurricane Center car- s' ..,h p I new Q : ,--u-., -' . -nit U ., af... 711. -A E i -1 . 'mfftw- Wi Q7 rift' 1 N-Hmm was-9 .- .. A Y, ., . -H... 'He- N lug -fb . , a . N 5 gf-Q 1' ' 't'?'6a. WW a irq, fa. 1- Belle Glade Hotel ries a great load since it is the only tropical meterological organization in the YVestern Hemisphere, making it responsible for one third of the trop- ical areas of the world. Twenty-three people are engaged in full-time work since weather information is collected from the Caribbean, Central America and even northern South America and sent throughout the world. The Cen- ter analyzes and forecasts for aviators also, providing prognostic charts pre- dicting the weather in a given area. The task of tracking hurricanes has been made simpler, Dunn feels. by the use of the weather satellite. It is the newest equipment developed for the hurricane watch. The satellite can be placed at any distance froin the earth. This year the distance was about 600 miles. It travels from the north pole to the south pole and back to the north pole in about 90 minutes. Since the earth has rotated about 270 during this orbit, the satellite can take a different picture of an area each time it passes over. From six to nine pictures can be taken of Florida and transmitted back to earth. Each pic- ture covers an area of 2,000 statute miles and, with a overlay, a con- clusive scouting report can be given. The satellite has a range from the Hudson Bay to the north down to 100 or 200 below the equator. An east- west area from the Atlantic to the Pacific can also be covered. Dunn also sees the possibility of another seeding attempt in the near future. Seeding is the releasing of millions of silver iodide crystals within a hurricane. The crystals would act as catalysts for the water vapor within the clouds. This vapor exists at tem- 61 peratures below freezing, conse- quently when it would contact the silver iodide it would freeze. Through the process of sublimation, snow flakes would be produced. Trillions and trillions of snowflakes. What is happening, basically, is water vapor is being changed to pre- cipitation by releasing the latent heat of condensation. This would affect to fly within the hurricane for four hours prior to the seeding to test changes and conditions. The drop- ping of the crystals would last for eight hours since this operation would be on such a large basis. For an addi- tional four hours, planes would stay in the storm to measure the changes. Seeding attempts were made in 1961 on Esther and in 1963 on Beu- , --A 1' . .ax 1. .isa . - Y ge: 1 a ff ' A a t - ' f ' r ,, 12.-f ffaig,,' 4,1 ,--ri. .' -New Grin 1 - f r' W- yr 1 -N. Q' ex 2 ' . -4.1-1 .e.gi2fw:K5 f-173 - ' .A ' .-ff'-. 1 0-f ,-1 '-tw ' 1 ' jffffg' 'ef' bf' ' ff Y , 'L-'. ' e- ' e ,V -. W- 1 I. 'fi-fi K fy FL - , f g..4aJf,fg:.TQg1T E3fi: . Y pjwrtfy wi U M' -' f , ey'w '..- 1- -' Q- -ve - ff: .A-HW ' a A rtfw' Q 'fegfzp . iff.-. if ' -- ' Y if-f lier' ' eiT'i1.:' fg.? fs-is-'H FL af-'I'5Zf Trl .Q-4' -H.. - 1-- : v- - Yr .---: 5M f1-Y' 1. rf- -C4 Spar- 'Af,jf v:,fl.-se-if f--sf' .A ', ff 7 -1.1- 1-asf. F arris- : ff- ,-are--y..-af are -'fa .. f- if . 4 1 .-ml. . . age, , 1-aa,af'..-S.-M - ,. .1- ' H tw Hgurffgsrfffrw - 1 ,ar is ' ai , l 4,1 'x .5::NT..5sf - 2 ,. ' .- .. f -,-W, -'wt' ' V- f ' ' -fx- if 1, We 1. : , , . , lg, yy, .. ...L V, ' if -f- wa.: . .- rfw 35 sri 2.3----,, ,ff .. , r .....1ww:.3ui Planting grass to prevent erosion on Hoover Dike P Z Hurricane Gate at Clewiston the pressure within the cloud wall, causing maximum winds to reduce in speed. Seeding cannot destroy a hur- ricane but it might slow down the killer winds. Silver iodide has been found to be the best catalyst, but diy ice, salt, or even water could bring about similar results. The actual seeding operation would be massive. It would require 17 planes 6:2 lah. This experiment had limited suc- cess since the operation was on a small scale. It was not possible to deter- mine whether changes occuring in the storm were due to seeding or to the variable nature of the storm itself. One attempt, in 1947, gave people an uneasy feeling toward seeding. A storm in the Atlantic off Georgia, was seeded then turned at a 900 angle in toward the mainland to cause consid- erable damage in Savannah. At the time many people felt the cause of the sudden turn was due to the seeding, but later reports from many ships in the Atlantic proved that the hurricane had turned six hours before it was seeded. The area in which a hurricane can be seeded is limited and therefore would put limitations on the experi- ment. During the last three years, none of the hurricanes have been in the right position for seeding. The ideal place would be east of the Ba- hamas and north of Puerto Rico but within 900 miles of Puerto Rico. For- merly a restriction was placed if the stonn posed a threat to any land mass within 48 hours but now it has been lowered to 24 hours. Seeding is not permitted in the Caribbean. It might seem logical that to stop hurricanes it would be necessary to cut them off before they can reach any size or intensity. This cannot be done because hurricane breeding g1'ounds are often far away or too close to land. The lowest order in becoming a hurricane is the disturb- ance. A disturbance is nothing more than a formation in the field of motion which can cause convection and showers but no organized winds. The tropical depression is the next stage, having easterly and westerly winds less than 39 mph. A tropical storm has winds from 39 to 74 mph, while a hurricane has winds over 74 mph. Hurricanes are the same things as typhoons, their Pacific counterparts. Southeast Florida, as the number one tramping ground for hurricanes, has become aware of the dangers of hurricanes. Since 9023 of all hurricane deaths come from drowning, evacua- tion of low-lying areas has become effective. Water has caused 65 to 751 of all damages. With such knowl- edge about the hurricane it would seem loss of property and life would be held to a minimum. yet it is signifi- cant that man, with all his knowledge, cannot stop nature's most powerful weapon. df n pkg 'H V rv eil LJ' , 32 ex.,2 K . K 4 'PRE Q ff Swqzfuvm, Don't look oi me! You're the one who wanted to vacation of the moun1cins. MQ A V, , i rf? A- ,IRIX 2 qgsmhmfk ,fx .fgfx I 1 ' r 1.- U uf'- .fi 1 E V ' li.:- .Jg QL., kg fx- Lfx afi. -f' -,,. .lg I N Hey, Al, I think we've got company. W 1-A-, -,lg-, 109-K vgxues ' mmmm ,ab 1 , , I II 0f g X I -ff d ..--4-I 'iff .-.- 4451 III' I ,IIIIIID Af!I'J,II if I .xi YM ya 4 Y , 4 ,Q fa I 27 l ffff X C 755 1 - XII! 1 fe If I FIRST NATIONAL BANK IEEQZIZZ ...i 1.11 in I Mind I fIask...urey q L Bonnie or CIyde? X4 RSuIIZam-F problem . . . nobody pays uh t t me when I talk. IN MEMQPQIAM ww' Donald P. La Rovve Donald P. 1..aBowe, former adrninistratiye Assistant to the president and personnel director of ICBC passed away Deccrnlocr 29. 1967 at Tallahassee Memorial Hospital. He was with the State Department of Education as a consultant for Teacher Education and Certification. LaRowe was an instructor in tht- Business Department and Assistant Director of Special Program when the college first opened its door in 1960. In 196-I he resigned from his position to lmcconie program Specialist in Distrihutive Cooperative and Business Education with the State Department of Education in Tallahassee only to return to the college in 1966, and he named Director of junior College personnel. LaRowe received his B. S. in Business Administration at Butler 1.'niyersity in Indianapolis and his M.B.A. at Indiana University. He came to Florida in 1958 where he was an instructor in Business and Supervisor of Cooperative Education at N1CAl'1l'Illl' High School. Hollywood, Florida. From there he was first faculty inirnher of the junior College. Those who knew Laliowe will rernernluer his friendliness and his outgoing personality. V , , , ,HX5 M , 1 , ,S 5,1 J x 1 x xr, w 1 X X Q5 u I , 1 'U fy, al' -.Q Q mr. ..'. - I il' X G -.oy A 1 fy, ik.. E April 1968 STAFF AND ADVISORS Editor-in-Chief ., . . , , Gail Dooher Staff Assistants, Paula Coy, Sue Fee, Sue Schmid, Marty Foutz, W. C. Flanagan Photographers ., . Tom Genovese, Al Hayes Artists, ,. . ,, , . Kent Whipple, Larry Sullivan Art Advisor ,,.,..,,,,,, , . , , .. . .. . . LaMonte Anderson Director of Publications , .,,. ..., . . ..Dr. Harold B. Hayes Chairman, Division of Language and Literature Bernard M. Campbell Dean of University Parallel Programs Dr. Homer M. Ledbetter The Silver Sands is a quarterly magazine published by the students and financed by the student activity fund. 1... ,iv , V-. fi E HP:-il' xml I N fq'r'1'f!T'iI-fr ' A' , 1. jrn ' if . af fl 1'-J ' QQ 'S' ,uf .. ' fl c ' I. A . EP A -4 fr 1 rx- YZ: f, 1 F is F f , L: Qnlunior College of Broward County QFORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA if CONTENTS I gQfSilver Sancls Interest Poll ,.,.,.,..,.... ..... 2 at-Prom ...,..,,,..,.,...,......,.,...,. ...r. . 8 l.j5Miss JCBC ,............. ,..... 9 ff Dionne Warwick .................,..,..,.... ,,....... l O Pierson States SGA's Problems 4..........r,.. ......... 1 2 fl. Dr. Hugh Adams, New JCBC President .,,.....,...,... 14 ql4lThe Miracle Worker .... ..............A,...... .,,,., , , 16 igfloricla Atlantic University ,....... ....,l8 gi Sports ...,.......,..,..,.......,,.,.... .... , .22 Guardian ........ ...., . .26 Eflhe Paladin ...... ......,., 2 7 ijf?P'AN KU ........, .t......t 2 8 ' A ' 29 .if ,forensics ............ ..,...... .'-Li: , 'f fDn the Beach ........ . ,,,..., .30 ..nn.n 33 39 Week .......... .......,, Beach Seen ....... ....... . 43 45 49 Answers Your Questions ....,... ...... . .55 Day .,,..........,............, ......... 5 7 Profit ......... ......... 5 9 The Annual Zope and P0 A64 f 211 -he . iii, ' ' i' T ,, 'l 'rf M 3 1 N Q 1,7 fu. ' fa ,cfffif 'll 'Will 'M .plat 4 if ml' , I, f Q75 Q45 7, l fi 1 Past Mofion Picfure Gone With The Wind Dr. Zhivago The Greal Escape 0 0 ,qr1'4,, 2, , . o l f i' G O 6 'h .1 B OO , 0 5 5 D 6 o 0, , nb D N . ' l'lIS1-ILM... Male Vocalist Dean Marlin Frank Sinalra Andy Williams 1 ll 1! 1 .if if W T '? Ig ll ' ' Recenl Mofion Picfure The Gracluale Guess Who's Coming To Dinner Valley of flve Dolls f N xx X XXX 'N w XX maxim XX XXXQS M Ku! ff f X IQ! ! f fl Z Female Vocalisf Dionne Warwick Pelula Clark Barbara Slrisand 1 -LN' X ,4-' 1 ia .X 1 I,i,'fQ,zXw X 'Q -X I If .xl XX .W-N. 'N ,. lf 'Ill xg: uxgsxxx Q ' -' l R' Wx' Ns K' wx' -I , 5 yx N in 5 ,1' XXNQ M' X .Nb Vx' MA' ll lp ', X x Nays I km, xl a M will ll fl ' I' 1 ii fi f 'Q xxx- ' ,J 55,7 r . , ,H- I 1' ' fl . X I 1 4' W I, If ' ,. , il 7 ' 'I K, f ' ' s 1 1 I, . A I 1 'H , ,Q fy 1 ,D f :A fi Q R 1 ll fill? If il L L l V Q.-x -rl V !l'x l V wg 1 lx 'Q lf L' LL ll q ' L L Favorife Song KMoodl Love ls Blue Moon River Laura's Theme Y 5 xfi , , V . ' 1 r' 9 X, QLSLJIMNWD Vocal Group Beailes Associafion Supremes 15 ' 'W Q I K 31 , X, ' 1 ' ' I ,flag ! .v 4,.,f qcgff x W lnsirumenfalisf Al Hifi Raul Slvalcar Herb Alperf Louis Armsfrong ITie 3rd Placel .. 9 ' si f LG iv qLSu2l.wMv Vocal - lnsfrumenfal Group Beatles Beach Boys Pefer Paul and Mary fig, E lsr! lnsfrumenial Group Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass Veniures Beatles i s .. A ,X 17, We Musical Sfyle Popular Folk Rock s I .Y I I . f W., f f .il -x ll. f 'i l ' Li 'vii ii 1 ing! 1+ 1 , Q L' wi L' vw I ff If if X Z, q.:s..u...,,,.., Favoriie Song IPopularl Love ls Blue Scarbourglw Fair I .lusf Dropped In To See What Condifion My Condifion Was ln L 2 Q3 5 1512 - H Preferred Leisure Sleeping Sex Drinking Z Ls Aj , fa-1 ,f' qi Y - XX- i ' ,ly WX A li:- 5 .ref Magi -ff' .' , 1 .. l' I N43-.Jw 'iff ' l lx- XWAWM Xxx , ,X Poet Roberf Frosl Carl Sandburg Edgar Allen Poe f ir. xr: r lf News Broodcosf or Oufsfanding Documenfory Hunlley-Brinkley Wulfer Cronlcile CBS News The Anderson Plafoun Q X 1 ' . QQNNQQ N- 'I I Q X I C Q ff 1 V ' N d ' ' 1 , 9 r I Aulomobile Corvelfe XKE Porshe D ' NEW Yell! Tn-nes cl 'x CI , 5 B Nofionol Newspaper New York Times Wall Sfreef Journal Miami Herald 199, i F. ' i J, A I r i . ii tif? f A H-wa .l rf A' ,Dqyjf . Czwf Oulsfonding Nofional Figure Everelf Dirlcsen Roberf Kennedy LBJ 2 A, i fx 1-f fjghifsga J ,C 1,3 QW Comedian Bill Cosby Jonafhan Winfers Bob Hope Silver Sands Poll Smothers Brothers Best TV Shovv .4 j f Till fglf F if H I fi 4 A A ,ima . ff 41 K s fZQf'l i swf' Q ls ilhl? i l 5 f X Motion Pictures Actress Elizabeth Taylor .lulie Andrews Audrey Hepburn Raquel Welsh lTie 3rd Place? X - 'V - 1259? 'fnw L ' I ,X r,q x J f i fl f L' 19 l 1.1-5 H I V315' X s ri. f Motion Picture Actor Paul Newman Sidney Fortier Steve McQueen f 6 ff 57 .it ' L i M' set V W5 f4l TV Show Smother: Brothers Mission Impossible l SPY r'Tie 3rd Placel The Tonight Shaw x x. 3 554. A Xu af- ,Pj Sports Figure Jalvn Unit y us Arnold Palmer Peggy Fleming P - 9 asf 1 Q x Q I ' Spectator Sport Football Basketball Drags 2 silver Sands Poll Pueblo Incident - - Blunder of the Year wa? X t. 5 1 'O 3? , X 5 Q CT ig, D aswmg .1 3 ZZ' Li. -DC' Most Drastic Blunder of the Year Pueblo Incident Viet Nam War Electing L. B. J. ,Wffea ' LDP' ,Z so , 99 A rr! QTU ff , rt A L 'Wx f Most Outstanding Personality of the 20th Century John F. Kennedy Winston Churchill FDR P1 x K 1 C , M? Outstanding Indecision Maker President Johnson Governor Kirk Robert Kennedy '91 i, fl? ? Q ' 1 ll ,f in W. it Outstanding World Figure LBJ Pope Paul U Thanf ll l VC -54' 45 , Most Influential Historical Figure Christ Abraham Lincoln Napoleon P f ,J f eb' Novel: Ficfion Valley of fhe Dolls Gone With The Wind . 1 ,--1 , 1? .f X f f K 4 - los. C. , wwf Playwright Tennessee Williams Arlhur Miller William Shakespeare A 0 I in T934 fr, A X ' ,.T , X X. s 5 i I V 1+ - ,l 3 X xl Lyle- Y wg' lin, T , :,,v ff, 'P sf ' lfhfjf Novelist Ernesf Hemmingway John Sfeinbeck J. D. Salinger Nafional Magazine Playboy Time Life Newsweek lTie 3rd Place! Ariisf Pablo Picasso Vincenf Van Gogh Andrew Wyfh Sponsors Spring D by JEFF BREIN Hot neopolitan meatballs, roast beef, turkey, chocolate layer cake. A new menu for the planned cafeteria? ln- directly yes. Actually, the previous menu was served to over 400 students as they gathered in the hospitality center on April 6 for the annual spring dance. sponsored by the Student Government Association. The dance, held in the new hospitality center for lack of proper ballroom accommodations in the cityls larger hotels proved a tremendous success as students danced to Walter Dunn's orchestra and Tommy james and the Shon- dells. In between the two 45 minute perfomiances by the Shondells. students danced and ate with the Dunn orches- tra providing the background music. A highlight of the evening, the crowning of Miss ICBC began around 10:45. Charnell Aycock, representing Sigma Tau Sigma, the winner, headed the list of runner ups, lean Miller fPhi Delta Sigmal, Cindy Adams KDIDOD. and Susan Erade-Coupe CAlpha Theta Chil. The affair ended around 1:00 A. M. as students scrambled for bal- loons dropped from the ceiling. Special thanks for the dance go to Vesta for decorations, Dido and Delta Chi Epsilon for ticket sales, Circle K for manpower and assorted faculty and custodial staff members. 'S' Tommy James and The Shondells S IVIiSS JCBC Miss Charnell Aycock a beautiful brown haired, blue eyed represen- tative of Sigma Tau Sigma, was crowned Miss Iunior College of Brow- ard County during the ceremonies at the Spring Formal. Miss Aycock's past beauty awards have been plen- tiful, including two consecutive years of being cover girl at Stranahan. Char- nell's escort was Paul Iones. First runner-up went to Miss jean Miller, Phi Delta Sigma's candidate. Second runner-up was Miss Cindy Adams who was supported by her soority, DIDO. Third runner-up was Miss Susie Erard-Coupe, Alpha Theta Chi's Sweetheart and also Miss Valentine. Other candidates included Kathy Reed, Circle Kg Lynn Crimes, Alpha Deltag Lynn McCabe, Yestag Mary Forea, Delta Gamma Phig Sally VVOrthington, Phi Theta Kappag and Barb Boy, Delta Chi Epsilon. Q' Charnell Aycock AZ Dionne Warwick Brovvard's Final Lyceum Program Ask the average record collector six years ago who Dionne Warwick was and all youid get was a funny look. Suddenly one song, Don't Make Me Over, and she's interna- tionally recognized as a unique and extremely gifted artist. Dionne VVarwick, the final performer Broward's Lyceum series this year performed for a packed audience at the VVar Memorial Auditorium and sang her way into the hearts of one of Broward's best lyceum crowds. An audience extending into the outer waiting lobby watched in amazement as this vibrant performer kept the audience alive and moving for a full hour. Dionne, coming from a family of gospel singers began her singing at the age of 6, in her home town. East Orange, New lersey. After schooling in East Orange, she attended the Hart College of Music of the University of Hartford, in Connecticut. From col- lege, Dionne went to New York and began group background singing for various recording studios. Her unique song styling attracted two of the top recording producers, Burt Bacharach, and Hal David who helped her on the way to her first recording and hit, Don't Make Me Ovcrf' In songs that followed, Miss XVar- wick gained international fame as stars like Marlene Dietrich and Petula Clark began re-doing her songs. and including them in their own shows. Miss Dietrich was so impressed with Dionne that she personally introduced her at the Olympia Theatre in Paris in December 1963. where Dionne re- ceived fantastic reviews and was taken into the hearts of the Paris audience. In August of 1964, Dionne started a four month tour through Europe, traveling through every major country this side of the iron curtain. Dionne was voted the most popular female vocalist in 1965 by the National As- sociation of Record Merchandisers. In the upcoming year she made ap- pearances on NBC's Hullabaloo and received fan mail for weeks after. She traveled to London that spring and continued to grow popularity wise as she continued making personal ap- pearances on television and record markets. Her first concert in the Lincoln Center at New York, was a complete sell out. Her luck kept on the upswing as the worlds leading critics began re- viewing Miss M'arwick's performances and records. Vogue Maga7ine said. Her voice sticks on the mind like honey on a finger. C. Bi7et in Paris said, Miss XYarwick dominates the room she performs in. Paul Carriere in Paris said, 'She is modern. with a completely intelligent voice and a cultured rendition. Perhaps the best review came from Newsweek Maga7ine following her first concert. M . . . her body pulsates and twitches. and her voice seems somehow to swing to its own built in rhythm section. In the upcoming weeks Miss Mur- wiek will be making guest appear- ances on the Red Skelton Show, the Kraft Music Hall. the Ed Sullivan Show. and the Carol Burnett Show. Shi-'ll be playing well over a hundred college concerts and will be opening in the famous Copacabana in New York on April 27th. Miss Muiwyick left the packed audi- torium after signing autographs in front of her black limousine back stage and rode off into the darkness as the small crowd huddled back- stage again applauded the performer. Miss XYaiwvick was in a good mood, she made the crowd happy. which is the best to say. 11 Piersan States SGA's Basic Problems KW RES? lim Pierson, SGA President The Student Government Association of the junior col- leges are very unique entities. They are expected to func- tion as other SC-A's in the four year institutions, but little or no thought is given to the very unique problems that are inherent in the community college system which has a limiting effect on the ability of the SCA to function properly. The basic problems are these: 1. The time that it takes for an incoming student to be- come oriented is much more valuable than the equal amount of time in a four year institution. The reason- ing is obviousg the longer he takes to become familiar with procedures the less time he will have to apply what he is learning, and in a two year situation this can create a critical problem. A possible solution for this is to make a more concen- trated effort to familiarize incoming high school stu- dents with junior college procedures and to streamline those procedures to a degree which would require less time for the novice to master. 2. Another inherent problem also has to do with time. This problem has to do with the time that is normally necessary in any institution in order for anything worth- while to be accomplished. If a project of any great im- 12 portance is to be done, it can be pretty well supported that it will require more than the time and effort of the people in SCA for one session. Most major projects would require at least two years and many would need more if they were to be accomplished in a proper man- ner. An example of this is the figt to bring football to the junior college campus. This battle has been started and restarted so many times that it is now bordering on the ridiculous to the minds of the men that must be convinced in order to complete this pro- gram. The fight barely gets off the ground when graduation roles around and new people have to begin all over again. This problem is also responsible for a lot of difficulty with the shorter term projects as well, such as dances, administration of elections, and local campus projects. A plan to alleviate this situation will also have to take into consideration the streamlining of the SCA process as well as the channels through which it must operate. But more important it will have to incorporate a com- plete and accurate filing system and an effective method of creating continuity between incoming and outgoing student administrations. The most discussed problem, but probably the last understood is the one so often referred to as apathy. In my opinion there is no such thing as apathyg there is however, poor leadership, and this is what we most often see demonstrated on the two year campuses. The reasons for this apparent situation are really not too important except to understand the situation. The most obvious is that the majority of the students still live at home and never quite develop the college spirit. Still another reason is that many administrators have the unfortunate attitude of trying to force four year institution policies on a two year college. Too often I have heard faculty and administrators dismiss the idea of an effective student body with any degree of Hesprit de corps by glibly claiming that it can not be done when students live at home. Were this true, then I would question how it was that the majority of the people I knew in high school would have fought to the death to defend their school name, and yet they lived at home. No, the solution to this problem is one of the few which can be realized quite easily. It requires a little ingenuity, dedication, and a desire to involve others in the operation of the school. The way this can be accomplished is to create a situa- tion where the maximum amount of people can find an interest in the immediate project. That is, if you are giving a dance, then invite everyone, ask for help from all of the interests groups, provide special honors for the fratemities and sororities with good attendance, and bear in mind that you are trying to please every- one by giving all of them a stake in the success of the dance. This philosophy can be carried over into every phase of student government, and it has been dramatically demonstrated this year by the large degree of involve- ment of more people than ever before, especially within the areas of the fraternities and sororities. These are the three major problems that my adminis- tration has attempted to concern itself with, and in a large degree it has succeeded, but there is still room for much improvement. In the first problem area I have attempted to centralized much of the bookkeeping processes in the student activities office and within the SCA itself, by the creation of a Cabinet which functions for the benefit of all clubs and organizations. I doubt if anyone would ques- tion the statement that the publicity of events has been far superior to that we have seen in the past, and this publi- cizing capacity of SGA has been extended to everyone. The position of SGA historian was created during my administration and also a more efficient Constitution is now pendng before the SAB. I have attempted to limit the areas of concern of SCA and assign priorities to those which I felt were most im- portant, realizing that there simply is not enough time for SCA to accomplish all of the things we would like to, but wanting those we do undertake to succeed. A long range program has also been created which will carry over to next year, and possibly farther depending on the need. This administrations contribution to the program is the creation of it and the planning of possible projects for future administrations. By far though, the most important contribution of my administration to the campus has been in the area of proving once and, I hope, for all that the students of this college are interested in their school and will take part in the activities if they are given an opportunity. This year has seen the creation of the ISSC, MSSC and WSSC. These groups are proof that apathy is only a result of poor leadership and that the selection of good leaders in student govemment is a very important aspect of the student body. I have endeavored to fill my Cabinet posi- tions, the SAB, and the vacancies on the Executive Board with people who can do the job and my faith in them was required by the fine student participation in all of the SCA sponsored events as well as those events put on by other organizations. The key to this participation is good leadership creating an interest in the activity by increased student involvement. If there is one point which I feel should be made clear it is my idea of the role of students on a campus. The progress of any institution in our society is most efficient when there is a balance of power and tension exists between the power groups. On a campus this power can be divided any number of waysg between adminis- tration, SCA, fraternities and sororities, and newspapers. How it is divided is of little importance as long as it is divided and the students 'wield a portion of the power. Students do have influence and they should constantly strive to have that influence felt. Only in this way can they contribute to the progress of their school and only in this way can the school benefit from the students. I hope that my administration has demonstrated to both students and administrators alike that students can be responsible contributors to the campus and that they should be allowed the maximum amount of freedom in the governing of their affairs and a strong voice in the administration of the school. John Griffith Clair Cressman 1-x :fi tl 3 v 1 Q. 'L Charles Brcgdon 13 I 1. Eg, A , ' ' '- Q A fifsgi -,I. ,,,1f.L an I ' 1 -'-, ?f X?f1:, :Mi Ei-::e'1'.:wt '-X 1 fl, ' .. RQ- rF?1-,yyfgigi . if i , 2 1 I e. .. '-X V1-H 3, . .QV V up-, f' ., f '- 1. .71f f'1:1 SS'f1g'Jf: ff: rf Q ' 'f ' .HV ' - ' 551 ,Qi V f, 1 Mfg, ,Juv-' -:3':,,siM'a .Q W4 : '. fy f f A I if 5 K . . fi we-ef, - j -ff 7, '+ . K ' Ev' f ' -if. ' . X f 13 . 1 -,Q , . y , . y ,f V, 'XQQER4 5 ,J X. X, ' ff ' : gl , ,., Q, V ' - J SV V , A Mi ,. ' LJ .5 ' x A Cfsfg lf? A X if 1 9 2' 'S ' A ' '-133-SEQQ, - E F ' gi? x F 'w,f,- 7,1 Y K A f A K -I jf? Q ii 1 Qi. xx x4 ' 3 -FV, A ' Q Y A , what , M. Q Ez.. F' ,Q ,fi if f uk X .f ' ,X , N f ' , ' ' x Q f J' 'A' , ' mx W' 'L' il , , f . 1 LF 1 r X 1 I J ' -X . j X 34 Hx, ., N. ,A,--., f g w , 23, f 1 i 2 V Tv- If Q' ' 5535 . ,Rx fi, ' ' f. . --,ryan rf QA. 1 il. Q? 'D ' ff ' f f Dr. Hugh Adams, New JCBC President w ,W F fn i, f ' ,I ', f ,f-N ,Aw r-an 'mx r 1 lf'- . 1 r i ft fr ' fit ,E if flifflff, irfis ft -'Q is Q' ,Suu 4, -1 J 1, For almost a year the battle raged on ...... Pictured here are both the winner and the loser? Dr. Myron Blee was hired last year to fill the position vacated by Dr. joe Rushing. NVhen he arrived in Decem- ber of 1966, he began instituting a vast program of changes that caused the dismissal of several faculty mem- bers who fought with Blee about the action taken. In a meeting of the campus chapter of the American As- sociation of University Professors, it was decided that the actions of the president were worthy of censure. They presented their complaints to the school board which conducted an investigation and finally voted 3-2 not to renew Blee's contract for another year. Blee asked for a hearing, as the board members refused to state their reasons for voting against the renewal of his contract. The board refused to comment on the matters except to state that it was in the best interest of the college. Many felt that Blee had inherited problems when he took office and his errors were in trying to make too radical changes too fast. Receiving no definite answer on his job status, Blee demanded a second hearing, this time a public one. The battle continued, leaving a confused faculty wondering if they had a president, and if so who was he. Students wondered about their accreditation, instructors wondered about their job status, and the public wondered what in the world was go- ing on. During all this time Blee remained on campus as sort of an unofficial official. He was not authorized to 1-1 ,irq X' , ,. vii'-X ' --' by NANCY DAVIS take any action on college business because of his status. After a postponed trial and months of the court battle, Blee was not rein- stated as president of C. B. C. Al- though his reputation was hlemished, his pocket was not. ln the settlement, he received 820.000, or his approxi- mate salary for the year. In gathering opinions about tht- much publicized case, most of the faculty mcinbers wished to remain anonymous. The general atmosphere, however, seemed to generate a huge sigh of relief. Most students, having little personal contact with the presi- dent, just seemed glad that the issue was at last resolved. The main con- tention with most students was that we were without a leader for so long that the threats of disaccredita- tion were many and loud. Months later, a leaderless C, B. C. is finally receiving a president. Dr. Hugh Adams has been ap- pointed by Governor Claude Kirk. His previous occupation was the Chairman of Kirk's Commission on Quality Education. As soon as he is confirmed by the State Department of Education, Adams plans to take over as president. This is expected to come in Mid-April. Adams has already met with the C. B. C. staff and faculty. Dr. Hugh Adams 15 The ICBC drama department's production of the Miracle Worker proved to be one of the most successful in the history of the college. It played to a capacity crowd each night and was held over for additional performances. The Miracle Worker is a three-act play by William Gibson. It is the story of Helen Keller. Helen Keller was blind and mute as a result of an illness as a young child. Annie Sullivan, an Irish gril who had been blind herself, convinces the reluctant parents of Helen to allow her to try to teach Helen to become more of a person and less like an animal. Annie was the only person who knew that underneath Helen's violent and animal like exterior, there was a mind waiting to be rescued from the dark, tortured silence. In the ICBC production, Sharon Crowe played the role of Annie Sullivan and Shawn Dunlevy played the part of Helen. Other members of the cast included: joe Catti, Bill Duffy, Mary Andrews, Barbara Ward, Diane Lieber- THE MIRACLE VVO by BARB sALTER kowski and Robert Ungerer. Mr. George Cavanaugh was the technical director. Mrs. Mildred Mullikin directed the production and was in charge of the costumes. One high- light of the production was the old-fashioned water pump, which actually worked. Sharon Crowe, a sophomore drama major at ICBC, has appeared in other ICBC drama productions before. She used a scene from the Miracle IVorker when she audi- tioned for the Southeast Theater Conference in Atlanta. Sharon used one of the most emotional scenes, reach, Helen, reach where Annie is given her last chance to get any favorable response from Helen. As a result of her audition, Sharon was offered five call-backs from some of the most prominent theater companies in the Southeast Conference. Shawn Dunlevy is an eighth grade student at Nova and has appeared in ICBC's production of Finian's Rainbowf, Teahouse of the August Moon, Sound of Music, and Carousel Supporting roles played by joe Catti and Bill Duffy, provided the play's humor. Catti, as Captain Keller played his first major role. Duffy as james Keller was at home on the stage and handled his scenes with ease. Mary Andrews as Kate Keller, Diane Lieberkowski as Aunt Ev, Barbara Ward as Viney and Robert Ungerer as Antagnos rounded out the talented cast. In addition, Linda Larkins, Diane Owen, Patty Owen, Lynn Futch, Carol Jensen, Laurel Greespan, Claudia Bur- dick and Barbara Campbell played the blind girls who were seen briefly in the scene at the Perkins Institution. Paul Harding designed the posters and Jerrie Nowlin handled the publicity. RKER ANNIE SULLIVAN The ICBC drama department's production of the Miracle Worker proved to be one of the most successful in the history of the college. It played to a capacity crowd each night and was held over for additional performances. The Miracle Worker is a three-act play by William Cibson. It is the story of Helen Keller. Helen Keller was blind and mute as a result of an illness as a young child. Annie Sullivan, an Irish giil who had been blind herself, convinces the reluctant parents of Helen to allow her to try to teach Helen to become more of a person and less like an animal. Annie was the only person who knew that underneath Helen's violent and animal like exterior, there was a mind waiting to be rescued from the dark, tortured silence. In the ICBC production, Sharon Crowe played the role of Annie Sullivan and Shawn Dunlevy played the part of Helen. Other members of the cast included: joe Catti, Bill Duffy, Mary Andrews, Barbara Ward, Diane Lieber- THE MIRACLE VVO by BARB SALTER kowski and Robert Ungerer. Mr. George Cavanaugh was the technical director. Mrs. Mildred Mullikin directed the production and was in charge of the costumes. One high- light of the production was the old-fashioned water pump, which actually worked. Sharon Crowe, a sophomore drama major at ICBC, has appeared in other ICBC drama productions before. She used a scene from the Miracle IVOrker when she audi- tioned for the Southeast Theater Conference in Atlanta. Sharon used one of the most emotional scenes, reach, Helen, reach where Annie is given her last chance to get any favorable response from Helen. As a result of her audition, Sharon was offered five call-backs from some of the most prominent theater companies in the Southeast Conference. Shawn Dunlevy is an eighth grade student at Nova and has appeared in jCBC's production of Finian's Rainbow, Teahouse of the August Moon, Sound of Music, and Carousel Supporting roles played by joe Catti and Bill Duffy, provided the play's humor. Gatti, as Captain Keller played his first major role. Duffy as james Keller was at home on the stage and handled his scenes with ease. Mary Andrews as Kate Keller, Diane Lieberkowski as Aunt Ev, Barbara Ward as Viney and Robert Ungerer as Antagnos rounded out the talented cast. In addition, Linda Larkins, Diane Owen, Patty Owen, Lynn Futch, Carol Iensen, Laurel Creespan, Claudia Bur- dick and Barbara Campbell played the blind girls who were seen briefly in the scene at the Perkins Institution. Paul Harding designed the posters and jerrie Nowlin handled the publicity. RKER 'W' 5 5. QQ. l. Q Hurricanes, hurricanes, and more hurricanes! The very first registra- tion at Florida Atlantic University was postponed by a hurricane. In the following September, history re- peated itself. Now the 1200-acre, 13- building, 320,000,000 campus pros- pers and has gained its accreditation. At an old Air Force base in Boca Raton, where snakes, sandspurs, and assorted lizards were the chief occu- pants, now stands an upper division university. FAU was established by act of the state legislature in 1961 and construction began almost imme- diately. In 1962, Dr. Kenneth R. VVilliams, then president of Miami-Dade junior College, was named to the presidency of the then embryonic university. The FAU pioneers were moved into temporary buildings awaiting the opening of the college. In September of 1964, 1092 students arrived to the S67 members of the faculty and staff. At that time there were five buildings costing five and one-half million dol- lars. Now the staff consists of over 600 members and has 13 buildings wo1'th over 20 million dollars. The enrollment growth of the uni- versity has doubled and tripled. In the school year of 1964-65, 1092 stu- dents registeredg 1965-66, 2631, 1966- 67, 3715 students enrolledg and for the 1967-68, 4144 students enrolled in the two year university. FAU is for juniors and seniors who have successfully completed two years of college work and are recommended for further study by their previous school. Among the degrees granted by the college is the honorary one of three given to President Lyndon Baines johnson. Others were: 1964- 65, 101 bachelors, 1965-66, 559 bach- elors and 343 masters, 1966-67, 874 bachelors and 606 masters. Florida Atlantic University is a tax- assisted state university. State funds provide the minimum requirements 18 If FAU offers programs lea V, G 'gf- A achelor of Arts and Science by BILL FLANAGAN r . I I b U ln., -2-01 f 1' df. ' i C .3 . 'S', I 5. 5. . I . .kip , '- I Y, A' 1 .. ,r .r. . ,' . 'il . fi! ' I ' a 4 ' ' I-1-,I 1 Lp 'X ' ,Hx ,. . ,- V ' D - 1 I , . i . l 44 with which the college strives to cover a quality educational program for its students. Programs ol' study leading to the bachelor of arts or bachelor of science are offered in the following areas: College of Business and Public Administration Accounting and Finance Administrative Sciences General and Public Administration Management, Marketing. International Business College of Education Elementary Education Secondary Education College of Humanities Classics English Fine Arts Languages and Linguistics Philosophy College of Science Biological Sciences Chemistry Mathematics Physics College of Social Science Anthropology Economics Geography Political Science Psychology Sociology Department of Ocean Engineering Programs leading to the master of arts or master of science are offered in: Education Physics Psychology Biological Sciences Political Science Anthropology Chemistry French Linguistics Spanish Linguistics Public Administration Business Administration Economics 19 Band Performed College Concerts The Band at C. B. C. was organ- ized in 1963 under the direction of Mr. jimmy Woodle with only three students volunteering for the organi- zation in September of that year. Since that time, the group has grown to' approximately thirty-five members. Mr. Dale jensen came to the Music Department in 1966 and assumed the leadership of the Band which is now known as the Wind Ensemble. This year Mr. Jensen incorporated many students from the local high schools to perform two concerts at the Col- lege. During 1965, Mr. Woodle organ- ized the Broward Community-College Orchestra in addition to the Band and since Mr. jensen's arrival has concen- trated his effort to improve the Or- chestra. The Orchestra is composed of college students, high school students and many other musicians from Pom- pano to Hollywood. The Orchestra 20 has performed two or three concerts each year since that time in addition to performing for the past musical productions, Finian's Rainbow, Sound of Music and last year's pro- duction of Carousel Also, the Or- chestra will perform the graduation ceremonies this year in May. The Orchestra is quite unique in the fact that only a handful of col- leges, including the universities across the State, are able to sponsor and produce an orchestra. C. B. C. is quite fortunate in this area and hope- fully the organization will grow as the College expands to meet the growing needs and desires of Brow- ard County. These instrumental groups are open each year to all college students and students who play a musical instru- ment are encouraged to audition for positions in these organizations by contacting Mr. Jensen or Mr. Woodle in the Music Department. ip 1' X si 1. 2 F, 1 . ' i if: f Q 2 4 ' i l 5 'ft 2 if C ii CHAMBER CHUIR A Select Group of Top Singers la, I 1 , i , . l .FQ 'l l 1 The Chamber Choir of the Junior College of Broward County is ii select group of the Colleges top singers. This Choir presents two concerts per year, in addition to the many promo- tional appearances made in behalf of the college. Membership in the Choir is by audition which is held at the beginning of each school year. The students in the Choir have partici- pated in many of the dramatic and musical theater presentations at the school. The nucleus of the personnel in the Chamber Choir will present this year, The Medium by Menotti and The jumping Frog of Calaveras County by Foss. 21 Tww, , , qu ,wp 51: ' ,'.4.m:M ' mm I T f -kf'??fG'. WV w , w.'.,myM Sfflliff Qfqgp. L 2 , 'e1,7 L ww.. . PCRTS N gm , vy Y X Q if ' ' , F3 ' .fy ES .. ,F-7-f. ,W K ,-iw! V 5. ,:QQFif f' Sgr ew-1 ', .L 1 Q' R .2-I I. X N w fl-9 I' ,.. - VVith a current 6-16 record it's hard to pinpoint the exact problem of this year's baseball team. They did lose Mike Mawhinney, their experienced catcher. Some of the players c-.une down with the flu. However, these things in themselves would not cause such a record. Coach Leroy XVheat has said. It is a young, inexperienced team that makes too many mistakes. XVhen their pitching is good. the hit- ting isn't there. NVhen they hit, they drop their defenses. There have been a couple of bright spots this year. Pitcher jim NIcWor- ter has done an excellent job. Two of the players have been picked by major league teams. Both of them are good hitters with approximately .300 averages. Center fielder Rusty Boclkin was picked by the St. Louis Cardials for one of their class A clubs. First baseman Larry Hall was the sixth pick of the Los Angeles Dodgers. Bmce Kinder, a short stop with last year's team who now attends Florida Southern college. was a choice of the Vllashington Senators. XVheat is disappointed with the team's performance so far. and feels they should have done better. Con- cerning next year, XVheat believes that there are more prospective senior baseballers in high school this year than in recent vears. Normally he does not recruit out of the county. However, if he cannot get some play- ers locallv, he will be forced to look elsewhere. So the prospects for next year's season are at this time uu- known. 23 f L , Q55-, L-'Q 6 , K g I I ,s XX ,Y S v' f xp W i 'X 'ff fx - I av- , v , , . ,Q-.,s -M,:,'.-,:- -2 ' ' R. , 'I Wm 4 W R-on .4 . , ... 5, was f- - -Q M -Q ' P 73 ., -,, ' . i . 1 M, . 11 - Q 4 - I ' R - - , Q -A - .we ' 'gf- 'V l ' - . ...- 1. . n. -. .. -...... .. .Nw-yu ..-.-M., ...n .... .x...'-,N U Q. ..- n N . --III.-ZUJI! 3-...-,----...gg .,'...u.:q.,.,,, ..-, .. . .. QI..-.1-'Z 2 .- '1-.Z--'. .u ' '..'.' .-'Z-!.'..- ' ,-g..'.,.g.T ,. o,'.,.n .'a,'.,an ','a,.'-.v nth...- . pc-T. ,..'f'.1' .-','.,' 0' I . . ., ......, ... .. n 1 Q.. A -. .. Q 1 ..z:rf:.,. . ' . .g. '-. - .- p. u., . ,- . .J Q. ' Q ,... .W Q-f M 1 -x. . '- 'www t' 1 ,xi 3 . .1 .' 1' Cagers Best Season 17-11 This year the basketball team handed the college its best season ever. Coach Clinton Morris's cagers compiled a 17-11 record and aston- ished all by running up 186 points in one game. In that game Dom Avello scored a fantastic 67 points. The team scored over 100 points on nine occas- ions during the season. Other high- lights included the first time the Sea- horses defeated the University of Miami twice in one season, and a come from behind win over Florida junior College with one minute to play. Morris said that for the whole season the team excelled on offense, however, they were a little weak on defense. Avello and Narciso Escobar are be- ing looked over by a couple of schools, but nothing has materialized yet. Re- turning next year will be George Gastright, Ken Patrick, and top re- bounder Alvin Warner. Dave Schaller, who was ineligible this season be- cause he transferred from Biscayne college, will be an added asset to the team. Morris has already signed five local high school seniors for next sea- son. They are George Pratt from South Broward, Mike Ryan from Fort Lauderdale, Mark Hall who was voted the county's outstanding player, plus Bruce Van Arsdale and Greg Sam- uels. Morris also knows of some bas- ketballers who are moving to Brow- ard county that he might sign up if necessary. Morris was reasonably satisfied with this year's results. He hopes that with the returning lettermen and the new freshmen he has signed that he will be able to keep the excellent offense and tighten up the defense. The prospects for next season look even better than this year's did. K 1 - -.mf ajxirk,-,gt9!'.7 W 3 M' Il T-. E,-fl 'Q Q. L. -sph' ' 'i 1 . 1: ' -v ibn 5'-'lt . 4 'whiff q-uni 4 4- 5 1 25 uh U atlf ,va ' W Junior Collogo Of Broward County Q8 ' 5 331 Miuuiij Q ' the Euzxrhtzzn .git H .-qv' A s c Q Vicki Zimmerman, Managing Editor The Giiardifin has offered an inter- esting paradox in student newspapers this year. It has coupled a staid, con- servative layout approach to a lib- eral, student-oriented editorial policy. New Layout Form Cuarrlian layout form, many stu- dents have recognized, evolved from the defunct lvf'll!'fitIll Crit'r'. The edi- torial policy, on the other hand, has attempted to provide an outlet for stuclent opinion, Wlictllul' it be in praise or criticism of our scene. Unfortunately. tht- criticism and sometimes il'I'K'YC1'.lllf observations of Bill Candle, columnist. have managed to spark ire in a segment of the fac- ultyg namely the social sciences dc- partment. Bob Fraser. editor-in-chief. 26 regrets the ill-will but feels a student financed paper has an inherent right to air student opinion so long as it doesn't stray into the range of libel and slander laws. Qualified Staff Vicki Zimmerman, assistant editor, has used the training she recieved at Stranahan high school to do the bulk of the layout work. Paula Coy. Sports editor. brought her experience to the Gll!1l'df0li from the CIIPSIIIC' of Brevard Junior College, while Tom Genovese and Allen Hayes have contributed most of the photography work, No less important to the paper are the staffers who contribute the ma- jority of the news and features. They are: Rick Roskowe, Mike Sowers, Ray Lynch, Bryan Seip, Jeff Brein, Don Pletzke, and Nancy Davis. SCA President Jim Pierson contri- butes a column and Mike Sowers the cartoons to round out the editorial staff. Bob Fraser, Editor :.'?m32r.a.f-1. 'J ,Q Another First The junior College of Broward County has again established another first for the state of Florida. In Term I of 1967, the demise of thc campus newspaper Venetian Crier heralded the Start of two competing news- papers. The Paladin, a semi-sensational paper hit the stands October 2 sur- prising most readers by a different format than the standrd conserwative campus paper. Stressing horizonal layout on a four column page, the Palaclin policy directed for thc use of larger and original pictures. a floating flag, and . . . cheesecake. Under the cditorship of Renee Hod- gcns, editor of the defunct Crier, thc Paladin chose to concentrate on stu- dcnt issues, problems, and accom- plishments along with news of the community that would he of interest to the student body, faculty. and ad- ministration. '51 . 44, W Q ' nf' r' Brion Seipg Non Peterson, Assistant Editor Renee Hodgens, Editor I ff is feats, ig if Q 'aff jktgksf f E XY ,f Student Edited Thc Pflfflffili is .1 student .tctivitics sponsored papcr. edited and writtcn ln' stnclunts in the iourn.ilisin proqrain and hy contrihutors from thc Ctllllplls at large. The editorial hoard consists of llcncc Hodgcns. t,'flltOl'-lll-l'lllt'fL Nan Peterson, Assistant cditoit and Tom Cr-novt-se, Sports cditor .mtl photog- raphcr. A staff of eight stud:-nts in .lournalism lUl classes comprisc tht- rvgular staff with -1 to 5 contrihntors from the student hotly. .- 24 IVHN KU Pian Ku magazine allows oppor- tunity for expression in the areas of language art. The magazine is a stu- dent-controlled publication financed by student activity fees. A unique feature of the publication is its free- wheeling staff. Members of the staff are called upon to perform various tasks in the publication of P'an Ku. Necessary talents include artistic intuition, aesthetic perception, and the ability to persevere in a prolonged creative process. These qualities can- not be acquired, but those who pos- sess them eventually come within the area of interest which includes Pian Ku magazine. Since fall of 1966, P'an Ku maga- zine has been in a period of experi- mentation which supercedes all pre- vious issues. With the fall '66 issue, color became part of the publication. Fall '66 also saw the beginning of an era of unprecedented co-operation be- tween the Art department and the students publishing the magazine. The two innovations have been per- fected with each succeeding issue. The spring of 1968 issue is the cul- 28 .3 1 3 'Q P'un Ku Staff mination of all past efforts at an inte- grated arts magazine. With more fin- ancial support for cost of publication and for staff membership, the maga- zine could become the most outstand- ing and unique college publication in Florida. Mrs. Betty Owen has sponsored P'an Ku since the beginning of its new era. Her ability to reconcile op- posing points of view and to encour- age complete student responsibility for the process of publishing P'an Ku is one reason Why P'an Ku has become such an impressive and exciting ex- perience for staff and audience, Editors of past issues have also con- tributed to the uarrivali' of the maga- zine. Literary excellence would not be what it is now had Michael New- man been unable to participate in the publication through fall of '66. Iudy Homan contributed powerful editorial posture to the spring '67 issue. An attempt at improving literary excel- lence without stifling staff creativity and identity has been the goal of the present editor of P'an Ku, David Rossi. Atlantic Printing Company has made the creation of P'an Ku possible by willingly and honestly aiding the present editor in the many technical realities of even a most creative pub- lication. Without Atlantic Printing, P'an Ku may have never been what it has become in this Spring of 1968 issue. A The second year of competition for the Iunior College Phi Rho Pi Speech Fraternity was extremely successful for Forensics Coach Don Nichols who lists these accomplishments for his 1967-1968 team: Miami-Dade North junior College Invitational T ouma- ment - lst Place Sweepstakes Trophy for the following awards, lst Place Extemporaneous Speaking, Irmgard Bocchino, 3rd Place Extemporaneous Speaking, Marty Cass, 2nd Place in Oral Interpretation, Ben Clark, and 3rd Place Debate for the four mem- ber squad, Irmgard Bocchino, Marty Cass - Affirmative, and Richard Shepherd, Tom Elwell - Negative. The Panama City Culf Coast Invita- tional Toumament, lst Place Extem- poraneous Speaking, Marty Cass, Fin- alist in Extemporaneous Speaking, Irmgard Bocchino, Finalist in Oration, Bob Van Den Berg, Individual Speak- ers Awards to Marty Cass and Imi- gard Bocchino, Best Affirmative Team, Marty Cass and Irmgard Boc- chino, Excellent Negative Team, Dick Shepherd and Tom Elwell, and a tie for lst Place in Debate with Miami- Dade North. The University of Miami Invitational Debate Toumament - Honorable Mention to the ICBC De- bate Squad for participating in a tour- nament composed of juniors and Sen- iors and Graduate Students. Florida State Invitational Tournament, Talla- hassee-lst Place Sweepstakes Trophy for the following accomplishments: lst Place Oration, Bob Van Den Berg, 3rd Place After-Dinner Speaking, Richard Shepherd, Excelent Negative Speaker, Richard Shepherd, Excellent Affirmative Speaker, Marty Cass, and Excelent Negative Team, Tom Elwell and Dick Shepherd, Debate Team - lst Place. University of Florida, Gainesville, Invitational Debate Tour- nament again Honorable Mention to Dick Shepherd and Tom Elwell for Excellent Debating in Senior Compe- tition. In addition to the afore-mentioned honors for this school year, the JCBC Squad hosted for the first time the 1 , . N I 'illfllplll i . Many Accomplishments for Phi Rho Pi District Tournament. Di- rector of the Tournament was Bob Wolfert who worked in close correla- tion with Coach Don Nichols to cre- ate a successful toumament. The JCBC Squad managed to come away with many honors in spite of the work that had to go into the Toumament, lst Place Oral Interpretation, Ben Clark, 2nd Place Oration, Steve Bern- ard, 3rd Place Oration, Bob Van Den Berg, 2nd Place Extemporaneous Speaking, Imxgard Bocchino, Dick Shepherd, for a second place in After- Forensics Team Dinner Speaking, and the ICBC Read- er's Theater won 3rd Place. Debate 2nd Place, Kevin O'Brien, Cindy Pol- ous, R. Shepherd, T. Elwell, I. Boc- chino, M. Cass. Now the State and National Tour- naments are rapidly approaching and the Squad is working hard with much enthusiasm and high hopes for end- ing a most successful year. Coach Don Nichols, winner of the Outstanding Coach of the Year Award 1967-68, is proud of his team and knows that they will reach their goal. 29 UH CQTHE BeAcH , rp Z . ff: f .5 Ai if? P YD lad 51'-sill? fsfffflg fu' ' ? 4.4 - 5. Ruxm.. ,luv ' 'QQHMUN' ,... 'ag. '35 Q 'TL .' . ,-V Nw -!' A.'g : u- . F 31 Tri-C, Community College Calling is a weekly radio program produced by the students of the Iunior College. The Program Director, Ieff Brein IS New Director for a local top FM sta- tion, WMIR. Andy Geria, Assistant Program Director, is Night Super- visor at WMIR FM. Staff members include Tom Genovese, Rick Carrie, Rick Mosley and George Brosseau. Brosseau, Chief Engineer at WRBD handles program production while Mosley, Carrie and Genovese handle show hosting duties. The Rock and Roll format program is heard every Sunday at noon on WSRF AM and FM 1580 on the dial in Fort Lauder- dale. The program is sponsored by Sigma Theta Chi, the Ioumalism In- terest Society on the campus. x wr l If 1 z ff' 7? I -in Alpha Delta ALPHA DELTA was founded on October 24, 1964, and is the oldest social sorority on campus. Although she has only been in existence for four years. AD has 101 sisters, including her alums. The main purpose of this sorority is to promote a strong sister- hood among her members. The AD's are not only closely united as sisters, but also as workers - During the past year the girls have undertaken many service projects and have received much deserved recognition. These projects were done not only together, but for others and this is what made them worthwhile. The sisters also do things for themselves - Constant money-making projects are held so that the AD social functions may be the great successes that they are. Ask any sister, she'll tell you that junior College life isn't complete without belonging to Alpha Delta. A 'i 34 DIDO Since the birth of DIDO in the fall of 1967, this society has strived to become distinguished on campus in a unique manner. Dido has done this throughout the fonnulation of its con- stitution, by-laws. and its method of inducting new members through an invitation review board. The founders of DIDO were brought together in unity with the idea that each girl showed potential and leadership qualities on campus. DIDO members have been active as hosts for some of the top projects on campus. Social events planned with men's social societies have been a great success. Community service projects and service rendered to the college have accented the abiiltv of our members to be united as sisters and as a team. As a local sorority we respect our fellow societies with great admira- tion and honor their functions. Delta Chi Epsilon Delta Chi Epsilon is a campus ori- ented social-service sorority, founded july 18, 1967. As stated in our pre- amble, We, the undersigned young women, have come together in the hope that through dedication, com- panionship and education, we can serve our College and Community. The sisters of Delta Chi Epsilon learn to fulfill this commitment through service projects on and off campus along with emphasis on a complete social life. It is Delta Chi Epsilonis goal to have all sisters fully appre- ciate college life, both by a high aca- demic standard, and the deep friend- ship of a Sisterhood. VVe are further able to better ourselves now and in our future lives by means of close association with all sororities and fra- ternities as well as .ICBC Student Government. li 1. -Q l. it A i if? S lj sa, Delta Gemma Phi The purpose of Delta Camma Phi is to unite young women of the com- munity for purposes of friendship and cultural development. and for parti- cipation in the Sisterhood of Delta Gamma Phi. Activities of the sisters are geared mainly to social events. Services. however, such as visits to hospitals and nursing homes are carried out during the holidays. A few of the social events have included monthly picnics, -theme parties, luncheons at various local restaurants. and moon- light boat rides. The Alpha pledge class was wel- comed hy the sisters at a cocktail dinner party held on Febmarv 9. 35 Delta Psi Omega Delta Psi Omega, the national honor society for dramatics, was orig- inally organized to aid the educational theater programs in the junior col- leges across the United States. The society has a membership of approximately 21,000 membersg the JCBC chapter having about 30 mein- bers with an alumni of 120. Membership is gained by active participation in the dramatic produc- tions on campus. A membership is rewarded in both the technical and acting aspects of drama. The mem- bers of Delta Psi Omega have had active parts in the two productions perfonned on campus this year. 36 ft a Theta Kappa Gamma When a fraternity contains a true feeling of brotherhood, it will succeed. This is the quality that has made Theta Kappa Gamma unique and is the underlying reason why TKC has maintained its number.one position among the fraternities at JCBC. Someone must be the leader, and TKG, having been the first fraternity founded at the college CNOV. 20, '63l, has set a pattern of tradition, brother- hood, and social events that has not been and cannot be equaled by any other fraternity. A rigid pledge period sets the stan- dards for the characteristics that a pledge must acquire to become a Brother in TKC. The TKG pledge must develop a feeling a brotherhood and unit before he can be admitted into the Fraternity. Until then, he will remain a pledge. This is why when the others fall by the wayside, Theta Kappa Gamma will remain. Lambda Epsilon Pi Lambda Epsilon Pi is a unique fraternity, not just on this campus but on the campus of Florida Atlan- tic University as well. As stated in their format they are a fraternity for those who do not want to join a fraternity. Their member- ship is composed of those men on campus who have demonstrated an ability to further their individal in- terests and improve their campuses through their leadership in their re- spective organizations. In their first year on campus Lambda Epsilon Pi demonstrated their usefulness by contributing sub- stantial manpower to the community Boys' Club and in appreciation they were awarded a certificate of appre- ciation. They further contributed to the community by assisting the Pan- hellenic Association with the Easter College crowds. For their efforts thev shared in a S1000 endowment with two other campus organizations. as ,af 'CUC' Sigma Tau Sigma Sigma Tau Sigma is a men's social fraternity, established to perform scr- vice functions for the school and thc community. Sigma Tau consists of nearly 40 active and Sli inactive brothers. lt was founded in l963 and in- corporated in 1965. Sigma Tau has performed many services for charity organizations, such as the United Fund. Little Yankee Stadium. and the Easter Seal Clinic. These were composed of charity dances. and a trip to Ocean Xl'orld for the children of the Easter Seal Clinic. Sigma Tan is a group of young men, trying to make this a better school to attend. and community to live in. 37 .,. Alpha Theta Chi Alpha Theta Chi's activities for the year 1967-1968 have far surpassed any year since our formation in 1965. The fraternity has made an all-out effort this year to help the Sun-Dial School. They collected money for this charitable organization at four differ- ent sites during their annual carnation drive. Alpha Theta Chi also plans to continue to help the fine group of people at Sun-Dial. During the month of October we held our founder's week. This week was dedicated completely to our six charter brothers. During the week we had banquets, hall parties and our traditional founders day, during that day founders are showered with gifts and special gratitudes. The week ended with our founders formal. Around December we held the or- ganization's annual Christmas Ball. This tradition kicked off the opening of our spring pledge class. Phi Delta Sigma Phi Delta Sigma was founded on October 4, 1967. There were twenty- two founding brothers who got to- gether and drew up the foundation for this organization. Elections were held and our first officers were joe Cella, Presidentg lim Craig, Vice- Presidentg Rich Carbone, Secretary- Treasurer, and Dave Griffith, Sgt. at Arms. At this time we preceded to look for an adivisor and found Mr. Thomas Ryan willing to advise our fraternity. VVe took part in many school activities. intramural football, and off-campus functions. XVe do- nated blood to the Leukemia Founda- tion. and have been working since at the Boys Club of Fort Lauderdale. Term II elections were held and present officers are: Dave Griffith, Presidentg lim Craig, Vice-Presidentg Toni Kerr, Secretaryg lack Iackson, Treasurerg and Cary Kufner, Sgt. at Arms. Our Alpha Pledge Class was 38 ' s .4 X selected and Sam Gulla was elected President. Kevni Swan, Pledge Master, presides over our eighteen pledges. At the term's end, our brotherhood has risen to thirty-five brothers. Our purpose is to maintain brothedhood and the longlasting name of Phi Delta Sigma at Broward junior College. ECE? A 'XZ F 91422.14 wiifc ix Q3 2 9115214 WWC 5 Angina, s ' , - .xmlfagi 4174?-' 2- : -Q 4, V 1 X v :,,' q ,u X E 5 Cr 40 ll ll ,-1 , 1 N I The sisterhood of Vesta had its be- ginning at the founding of ICBC in 1960. At that time known as Cir- clettes, the college women worked through service for the bettermen of the college and community. Vesta continues proudly to pursue the Cir- clette goals of good Scholarship, Leadership and Friendship. Vesta is named for the Roman goddess of the hearth and is the symbol of the home and its goodness. Each city in ancient Rome had a public hearth sacred to Vesta, where the fire was never allowed to go out. Thus, the Vesta sorority gets its sym- bol of the prepetual Hame, an ever- lasting symbol of devotion. The social activities of Vesta have included slumber parties, beach par- ties, picnics, hall parties, a scavenger hunt, socials, and teas. Vesta has been active in service throughout the year. The sisters collected for the Hemphelia Foundation, helped with the United Fund, and tutored at the Boys Club. The activities in the com- munity also included helping at the Ft. Lauderdale Oral School, Vesta also worked the Panhellenic Associa- tion in organizing the college rush by sitting in the Hello Booth, giving out information and selling key chains to students visiting Fort Lauderdale Beach. One of the major projects of the year was the decoration of the Student Center, Administration and C Building by painting Christmas deco- ration on the windows. Vesta has been in charge of handling all of the tickets and ushering for college ly- ceum programs. Also, Vesta decorated the gym for the Junior College Ad- visory Board and has helped in co- ordinating a student handbook for students on campus next year to help acquaint them with ICBC. Vesta has helped throughout the year on pub- licity and was in charge of decoration for the prom. Vesta has been lead by the follow- ing officers: Mary Siebenthaler, President Claire Cressman, Vice President Barbara Craig, Secretary Linda Martin, Treasurer Sandy Berry, Chaplain. pnons ' i Af ., 2 I 3 N , A 1 5 ' my i QIQA i -4 Fr om ' Iwi? I Q 4 Pause DEP! 5 A, i .- r 3 3 Z 4 e K7 ra, 30 www Oh no Daddy, fhe-re's no frouble down here fhis year, everyfhing is real nice and quiet me ous us. one L9 Q4 X -a ee S Quo- :'?'f W' 'ff '5'i:'Zvf P I , 5 if mx 1 A ,A Q ' f if tt 1 1 .Mp f iv N, E Yxm S G LZ .4 S ,f Jig l im ,,',, ,msg X 4Mf:.f,:.,' , ' V: 3 1 ' '1'A '-L,-, i 1 4 I 5 in Xi E I il' it 1 i.l. lllllll' 'i' U CK .' LA X V on Ei, nd-iargjzx ., w, i P 'V i :Q .L 0 EQ: L ah f .mv , 'W -' , Q I -mempsey H's crumbs like you Thai give us sfudenfs such a lousey image. Land, Beach Q p ll ' 35.2254 N 0 f joif f L' 1 NX f 'X f 0 fs Q -L Q Z In : 4? 9 l J N G' f T g 5 4 fff3'6 ' N 7 JE: M Bt cu X Gear -9 '65 I Tae, All H . 1 N L 'Lf 1 , NN o ll f C .C cllafy 'ZQMW7 K 17 Ilwould you benevecw Harvy ol bucldy! You really been soalcin up fhcf sun, ya look like cz lobsfer! 7 f I ff I ' K 5 f' gmylhllllwr 'E E I N om gl so W f .l I Q QTATF 7f,VEI w 1 L HK m -f r N 1 ZW E-Q-9 'f 'L ai f Zami ' K f NORTH 9A 0 4 ldlp ' l u Q, 401' ' 47 U. , Q7 l V It A iouscvf lff lm 93 6 ll f- 5 31-y - - ' xl Q N l come fo speak fo you of flue spirif! rarluatinn n V' 3 rfb'-N-pi' 1' 'sh' Y 'fs ,y .-5, - Junior College of Broward County Associate in Arts Degree: Mary Joyce Amann Richard Dwight Barrett Laurie Jeanne Bell Irmgard Louise Bocchino Amelia Rocella Bradley Elizabeth Brosius Nancy Jane Bryan Virginia Kay Burggraf Virginia Lee Burris Virginia Diane Cairns Peter Anthony Cannizzaro Linda Ann Catalano H. Leslie Chisholm Linda Joyce Clark Patricia Ann Conners Mary Sue Copeland Deborah Dee Culbreath James Edward Cusick Dennis Loyd Davis Walter Leonard DeHart John Louis Diaz Jeffrey Charles Dittrich Sharon Kay Ford Barbara Mary Gortych Jean Lea Graves Phillip Hall Erline M. Harbeson Daisy Christine Hogen Mary Katherine Jocis Matthew Charles King, Jr. Dawn E. Lincoln Karen Linda Logan John E. Malloy, Jr. James Lee Marcum Mary Elizabeth McAnulty Gordon Scott Millard Francine Gale Mirigliano Donna Patricia Olson Stephanie Ileen Patterson D. J. Pletzkc Gregg Joseph Pomeroy X'Vilrna Lynn Porter Cynthia Penelope Poulos Henry Ian Pritchatt 46 Candidates for Graduation May 7968 Rosemary Dawn Pyne Susan Marie Reed Melody Rae Riendeau Larry Thomas Roth Robert Gary Saultz Susan Schmid Richard Louis Shepherd Martin Scott Shield Gary Frank Simmons Helen Singer Marsha Margo Smith Jacqueline Spanola Alpha Omega Stacer Harold F. Steele Helene Stone Nancy Ellen Taylor Robert Bastiaan Vanden Berg Susan Elizabeth VValker Carol Ann Wfalsh Dennis Joel YVhalen Branson Harvey Willis Associate in Science Degree: Karthryn Anne Abbaticchio Sandra Annette Abernathy Sal Anthony Albano Sandra Kay Ashmore Donald Jeffrey Bair Dennis Joseph Baker Bruce XVayne Baldwin Anita Louise Bartholomew Sybil Ruth Brewer Kenneth J. Burroughs, Jr. Marvin Bernard Bush II Robert Joseph Byrne Richard Gregory Carbone William Henry Carter Johnny Lee Chestnut George Raymond Clark, Jr. Nevra Lynn Coffin Daniel Raymond Coleman David Michael Connor hA7ill1:C1m E. Corcoran IV Douglas Edward Costa Allan Michael Crane Kathleen Mary Crotta Sharon Marianne Crowe John Dallow Davidson William Austin Dealy, Jr. Brooke Seward Debevec Edward Joseph DeDecker C. James Desmartin Lenora J. DiDomenico Roy Brent Dolan James O. Du Boise Patrick Dennis Duffy Gary Clyde Duquette Luana Gay Dutelle Walter Raymond Eglinas Cecil B. Ferguson Judith Cantor Fraser Richard George Fraser Keith Robert Fredericks Henry Augustus F ricke Allen F. Furia Caroline Elaine Gardner Anita Jean Gaskin Mary Evelyn Gavette Ralph L. Gay, Jr. Karla Ann. Gebert Grant Vito Genova John F. Giordano Oliver Wade Goolsby, Jr. G. Peter Grande Dennis T. Grey Eldon Duane Haag Linda Sue Hafendorfer Nina Joy Hakam Kathleen Florence Hand Cherie Louise Hennings Charles R. Hilgenfeldt Michael Stephen Hill Linda Anne Himmelheber Augustus Elmer Hull Leonard Michael Hurst Martin Williams Johnson W'alter Devert Jones Randal Jay Jordan Diane Marie Kaczorowski Eileen Eve Kalbach Jeffrey Charles Kellum Alan Walter Kent Frederick Earl Kinder Dale Arthur King Thomas Walter Klash Henry Liggett Koll Clarence Paul Labadie David Todd Landen Jean Ellen LaRue Alan Charles Laudadio Jean Marie London Carol Ann Lozito James Dean Macy Andreas M ager Stanley Edward Manning Brian Francis March Howard Robert Marx Joseph Mathias, Jr. Robert Lynn Matthews Thomas Lee Maynard Zita M . McAfee Jean Marie McCarthy Terrance J. McCoy Miles Ambrose McGrane III James Peurifoy McYVhorter Harold John Meader Paul Michael Mercier Robert Clinton Miller, Jr. Alan Anthony Morell Richard Joseph M osca L. Steve Nealey Joan Christina Neubeck Gene Lewis Newman Marcia Ann Nolan Margaret Ann Obermeier Kevin Alan O'Brien Allan Charles Ohlsen Robert G. Orth Sally Jo Parker John Robert Parr Joan. Hall Patton Terry L. Patton Denise Ann Pearman Diana Lynn Peters Louis William Pfau Charles Perry Phillips Boyd Andre Platt Wayne William Pomeroy Robert Stephen Porte David George Porter Jean Marie Price Craig Sterling Reid Allen James Rice Gary Ronald Richardson Barbara Ann Rowell Adrienne Louise Roy Donald James Ruf Laura Lee Sahl Wesley Lynn Scott Milton N. Seagrave, Jr. Bryan Douglas Seip Sheri Vicki Senter Pasquale Vincent Serafino Mary Denise Sheahan Paul James Simmons George B. Simpson David Bruce Smith Kenneth Gene Smith Mary Kathryn Smith Reginald Clark Smith James G. Sorrentino Michael Anthony Sorrentino YVilliam Joseph Sosnowski Sherry Louise Stearns Genette Rowell Stephens Lois Rhoda Strube Glenn Louis Tafuri Mary Elizabeth Thompson Tony Allen Thompson Marianne Tiriolo Daniel Albert Turbeville Kenneth Allen Uplinger Goynelle Lea Vandergriff Marsha Alice XValls Robert Douglas YValsh Susan Joy W'eber Carol Ann YVeicht Nancy Lee VVestbrook James Louis W'hite Anne Louise lVhitney Helen Christine YVilliamson William Edward Woods Sally lVO1'l'l1lllgf01'l Cheryl D. lVulfekamp Kathy Ann Yates Kristin Collins York James Hobson Young Roberta Jean Zeck Associate in Science Degree in Aerospace Technology: David Albert Bonivtch Albert Paul Burtner XVilliam C. DeAugustinis XValter Jolm DiDomenico James Robert Leach James Gilbert MacDonald III James Barker Morehead Vincent Romualdas Skupeika David Shant: Steurnagel Dan L. Vaniman, Jr. Associate in Science Degree in Business Administration: Sue Louise Addeo James VVilliam Calloway Colleen Ann Fairbank Peter James Fletcher Betty Borland Gonzalez Kathleen Marie Graves Martin J. Jenner Linda Tibbetts Layton W'ilIiam C. McBride Beverly Diane Morrou' James Franklin North Il James David Sasso James Alfred Shannon Associate in Science Degree in Data Processing: Lloyd Bruce Baron James George Garry Marie Susan Hotaling Karen Beth Hulett Jerry Neal Jaynes Paul Gerald Messenger, Jr. Associate in Science Degree in Drafting and Design: James Ernest Bates Donald G. Paustian Associate in Science Degree in Electronics: John McLaren Black George Orville Brosseau John Lee Osborne Richard Grant Ruggles Associate in Science Degree in Hotel-Motel Administration Joseph Lester Brastrom Joseph N. Udell Associate in Science Degree in Medical Assisting: Pamela Ann Alderman Cathy Sue Anguilm Suzanne Butler Broderson Patricia Ann Choquette Linda Kay Corbin Marie Claire Desrochcrs Sheila Feibus Cathy S. Gesso Victoria F. Greenwood Janice Ruth Hill JaAnn Kolkman . Xl1I1'11l1 1,1111-Y 1111111 1,1'1' C1111111' ll7L'1'11l'1' 1,11t11'.s G1111111 31111111111 C111111 1,1'1' c1?Q1'11l10lL'-SIY1 .l111I'?Q111'1'1 1,1'1' P11t1c'1' A1111 1111111' 1'11.s'11111 511111 1l1I1C S1'11111'f1'1' I11'11'11 K1111111111 SC'111'1I111i P1'gg11 11'1111 S11l'1'1'111 LlI111'1t' A1111 51111110111 511:1111111' L1'1' T1111111111'1111 E11:11111'111 A1111 ll'111'11x Associate in Science Degree in Nursing: P1111'11'111 :11111 A1111g1'1'111 E111111111 G1'11111111 As1111'11.s- E11l'1'l1 lv1l'f171'1ll B11g11t11 SILY1111 .N111C11111'111'1c 131111617111 1111'f111'11 B1'1'f1l11Q1'1' C1'11'1'11111' 11111111111111 l31'1111'111' A111111 111111 C11111111' .N111111111 R. IDIJIIQII111 C1111111111 Difgrtv C11lf1I'1'I111 .l111I'Q!ll'l'1 1'111l'11 C11'1111 C111'1'111 A1111 G1'11s.s' A1l1l'11' 11111129 11111111111 Rc111'1'1'a T1l7'I11'l' Hinfx KC111If'1'111C P111s'1c0t 1I'11Sl'I1 5111111111 L111' 1,121 X11111111 1,11111.s'1' 11101111 S11-S1111 K11f1111'1'11 1Vll12l'1' KIII11 1l1111'11' 1'1111'1111111 11'Il11111' D1111111 Riu' 1111111111 AIIII' Rf11Jl'I'1X' 311111111111 E11111 R11,S'1111IQ C11l111I1I1 1ll1111'1' Sl11'l,Q1'1l1 121117111 .l1. 51'11111: 1,111.v A1111' Sl111f11 1111111ll1' 1 111ll117l'f11 Sf1'11?Q!'1' 5111111 A1111 T111'111111.s' .N'11111'11 111111' T1111'.s'1'11 S!11II11'11 1,1'1' ll'11,s'1f1 111111 ,A11l1l'11!' llYllft'1'.N A111111 K1111111111 llv1'111I1'I' 111'11'11 P!'l't'1111l ll'1'11,s' C111111 5. Xl'111111111s 11111 Xl'1111lII7I,x' Associate in Sciencc Degree in Ornamental Horticulture: 5t1'11111'11 Sl'Ol'C'11 C1111111' YV1'1111111'11f11 48 Associate in Science Degree Certificate in One-Year Nursery in Police Administration: and Kindergarten Program: C11'1111 13111111 11111113 11: E11:11111'111 A1111 YV1'1g11t Certificate in Police Science: Associate in Science Degree C11111'11:s- C. 111111111 in Police Science: 1111111 Philip R1111111-S R1c11111'11 111111 1,11C1f111'11 T111111111.s- 5111'1'1.s' 1111111 T11111111l.s' ll'1'1ll'11t11l1l Certificate of Achievement in One-Year Secretarial Program: CEl'l1fiC2lt6 ill lXl6l'Cll2lIldiSillg: C111'1'111 A1111 Ct11S'11C'1' S!111f11'11 1,1111 AS11111, D1111111 H1150 P1111111'1c1111 7 I I 1 1 5 E 1 l 5 I 5 x 1 . X , ,B N X E' gs is , . 1' xi' -. , W 'X is X CLUBS I I I l I e I I I I O I I C U I U I I 0 I O I I I O 4 l O I O Q I I O l I C I I O l I O l O I I I I I S l I C I I I 'Ol I vsnuwaoqn owaqnnnnnnuoclnu onseooooouunn I 0 naoossoauouooo I :evanescent u ooocuaaooounoo n Ionoonaqano I n oIlousoIsuIc ooounolaoasgg 1 aoonfuoasusoei n IIIIIQIIIII I 4 IIIIOIOCOOC I IIloIlInIIII9s o eoouoocobso Q I oluosoallniooo a oesoosoocio I I lunoosuocooo I I IIIIuaIsaII I 0 QIIIIQIIIIIQ 4 IIIIAIIIIII 4 I 05101000000 I UUOOIOIOUOI Q I Qilloosuua I Itoolooss o l IIIIOIIIQQUI I Ilcnouooosal I Ionuoooooo o I IOIIIIIIIQII O UOOOIIIOIIOI I QIIIOOUOCOO I IIIIIIIAIII 0 I llllb n I I l 1 ll I DCO I Il I ll I Ol 0 I Il 0 0 I IO I II I I I I I Il O I I I I s I I Q y I Q I I I I I 4 0 n I 1 I I 0 I l IO ' llllli I Clillli-III! I . IOIIIIOOOQ O Isuotlill I l IIDIODQIOC O IIOCQICGIU O I IIIUIIIIII I OIIIIIIQIIIIIC I UlllOOl5Ul U UIIIOOCQIIII I llllillill I I OIOODOCCIOO C UCOOIIIIOUI I I UCUOIIUIQIOO I IIIIIIIIUQ I l GICDOIOOIOUOIU IIIQIQQIQIIII I I ulIloIIIIuI A OIQOIDIOIDII I IIQIIDIIIII I Ioouusoxonou 4 ova-unseen: o 9 lotoaqaolloo O llOllnOllOA O I IUOOIOIIDQII I IlInsIol41IIa I 0IcnnInIlIIIl a IIIIIQIIIII I I llouloablolen I IOOUOIOOOOO 9 lllcsiuru e Spanish Club The Spanish Club is a special in- terest club open for membership to all students enrolled in a Spanish class or otherwise interested in join- ing. It gives these students a chance to get together and discuss their studies, experience Spanish customs, and taste delicious Spanish cuisine. A semi-annual event, which is always a large success is the dinner held at a local restaurant serving Spanish or Mexican food. This interesting dinner is available not only to Spanish Club members and their dates but to the public as well. In cooperation with the Foreign Language Department, the club sponsors Spanish films with English substitles during the year. The Spanish classic nL11Z2lI'ill0 de Formes was our presentation this semester. Several parties and get to- gethers have been planned, often in- cluding members of the French Club. The club also entered a booth in the Fall Festival. This year our officers have been Cris Cunningham, President, VVilma Porter, Secretary - Treasurer, and Kathy Ziegler and Ed Young, Vice- Presidents. All in all, with the help of the Spanish teachers at the college and especially Mr. Iarrett Pharr, the club provides an interesting time for its members. tgp. gl X' wx -smug' 50 H ' - iw ze : 1 . -,SC ,W Newman Club The Newman club is an organiza- tion for all Catholic students on the college campus. The purpose of this club is to help members become well- rounded persons by a program of re- ligious, educational, and social acti- vities. With an active membership of thirty, Newman has regular Com- munion Breakfasts, participates in panel discussions, and is now planning a retreat. They also have had beach parties and gone on a fishing trip. Newman was also represented in the intramural football games. The club has collected money and put in a linoleum floor for the Sundial School. Newman is currently plan- ning a project to aid underprivileged children. The officers of the club are: Bob Foster, president, Bruce Anderson, vice-president, Mary Crittani, secre- tary, and Iulie Conway, treasurer. Circle K Circle K is not a dude ranch or is it affiliated with 4-H, but it is the largest college organization for men, with clubs spread throughout the United States and Canada. To use statistics, there are 775 Circle K Clubs comprised of responsible young men trying to improve their college and community. The requirements of Circle K are: 1. Minimum scholastic and attend- ance standards of B.1.C. 2. Attendance to 60? of all club activities. 3. Must be a full time student. -1. 86.00 dues per semester. If you feel you can return as much as Circle K can give you . . . stop and talk to a member and fill out an ap- plication at our booth outside the student center. ,417 .. Z' Gnu ll USED Dsucrous fe FOP SALE ' 15 . . - .' - .- tu'-f 5 - A 'Y Qi 5 wen mug visn' ...... , C , A HOSPITALITY ,GW Auroennruso ' Cpifgff CNW T genus DF BLEE ' if 25f 3Sff 1 A T, ' fbi' X QLS 4' ' . Sales and Marketing The purposes of the Sales and Klar- keting society on campus is to develop leadership. higher ethics. civic pride, the awareness of business develop- ment. appreciation of the line arts in business, and to realize the import- ance of the sales and I11.ll'lKl'tiI1Q' fielcl. The sponsor group of the AICIBC chapter of Sales and inarlscting in the Sales and Marketing Executives of Fort Lauderdale. This group keeps the -ICBC chapter up to date on busi- ness opportunities in the community and provides members as guest speakers. 51 SNAF The Student Nurses Association of Florida is an organization to aid the preparation of nursing students in the development of professional responsi- bilities. The i'Capping ceremony for new freshman students, the orientation to Red Cross Nursing, guest speakers on Law and the Nurseu and Derma- tology have been a few of the pro- grams sponsored by SNAF this year. Members have earned Red Cross hours by participation in various come munity projects, such as Christmas Caroling at local nursing homes, a Christmas party for the migrant farm children, tours on the ship Hope,,' and work at the area elementary schools and pediatric day care center. The convention this year was held at the Americana Hotel on Miami Beach for which students were ex- cused from class. A farewell picnic given in honor of the graduating sophomores will wind up the years activities. s l Hof Does I 25 i . , '7 t ' gp . tret ii ' i W 9:45 'R S Mer' 52 EASTWARD BOUND! rilvy 0 how ,lIc1'1'14y,,5a,1,A,Q, lllSEMlill'S DHEA :S-1GHTMARE- Aviation Society The Aviation Oriented Society has in the last term been hard at work organizing the members of the schoolis aviation program. The 19 charter members have sponsored rummage sales, dances, parties, an easter egg hunt for the children of Sun Dial School, and the selling of name plates for the front of cars. NVe also have helped in Greek Week and are represented at M.S.S.C. Ron Smith, jim Strong, Roger Coates, Dave Griffith and joe Vona- sek, who are President, Vice President, Secretary-Treasurer, Chaplain and Sergeant-At-Arms, along with the rest of the Society wish to thank all those who have been beneficial in starting and helping us through our first term here. We are all sure that the future years will hold great promise and look forward to them with enthusiasm. Sigma Theta Chi The primary purpose of Sigma Theta Chi, as an interest group on campus, is to promote and advance the field of joumalism. As an example of this, we have members sewing on the staff of both student publications, plus sponsorship of two radio shows including the Tri- C show on WSRF, and the WSTX show now being broadcasted daily in the student center. Sigma Theta Chi, although not large on campus, holds a deep respect for brotherhood and student social functions. Sigma Theta Chi was also the first group on campus with the idea of little sisters, known as Sigmanettes and functioning as an aid to our group. We are growing rapidly in our membership and will in the near future be a dominating group on campus. xy 'v I -ni Q 1 ' rf' Qi'-M1 K .Z Z French Club The old French Club of the junior College of Broward County has a new name, a new constitution. new of- ficers, a new faculty advisor. new blood and a flurry of new activities. The new officers are: President. John Iacobsg Vice-president, Rachel Rogersg Secretary, Marcia Smithg Treasurer, Ellen Baker. Mrs. Piedad Ferrer is the new fac- ulty advisor for the club. OBIECTIVES l. To promote better relations and understanding between the American and the French people. 2. To recognize and acknowledge superior academic achievement in French among students enrolled in the classes. 3. As the name implies, to encour- age good fellowship and friendship among the members of the organiza- tion. 53 P EIW The Physical Education Major Club is an organization on campus whose main purpose is to promote further interest in the progress of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and athletics. Membership is open to any student attending the junior College pursu- ing degrees in Health Education, Physical Education or recreation, and any other professional area which may become affiilated with the department of Health or Physical Education in the future. Our sponsor Miss Blucker and Thomas Burke have worked closely with the officers this year: President Gere Newman, Vice-President Toni Barone and Secretary-Treasurer Barby Murtha. As an organization we have sold Pepsi's at all our basketball teamis home games and at all High School Sports Days. XVC also have activities nights for volleyball, basketball and Z other sports along with our regular meetings. Our last event for this year will be at faculty-PEM Club picnic. It will .1 'i at . H T be held at Hallandale City Park, with a day of fun planned. PEM Club has had a successful year and hopes to continue the tradition. If ,WL ,, 54 Haukvah Hatikvah is an organization promot- ing the social, service and culture aspects of life for jewish students. During the year, Hatikvah has pro- moted vaiious activities to achieve this purpose. These include parties, ser- vice projects, the popular bagel sales, and during National Brotherhood Week, a meeting with the Newman Club with a Rabbi and a Priest as guest speakers. The club is opened to all interested students. Alfred Gerald Caplin has presented the world with two gifts. The first being a wide assortment of comic strip characters mysteriously resembling world leaders and entertainers, The second gift, being himself. Al Capp, as he is better known by his readers, landed his first job at age 23. It wasn't until a few years later that he began his now world famous comic strip Lil Abner when United Features Syndicate started him on the road to a I million plus salary each year. A scheduled part of the 1968 lyceum program, word of Capp's ar- rival came one Thursday evening through a young overly-pompus ad- vance spy or public relations man. Mr. Kenneth Artis, an obvious mimick of Capp,s ideas and methods of speech brought to the junior College more controversy in two days than perhaps any other topic in its history. Is the new morality real or make believe? Do you believe in free love? Capp's ageless agitator began his quest for answers on this campus and in the process uprooted some of the social and ethical ideas of this institu- tion's female population. They were even offered jobs modeling Daisy Mae underwear. XVhat was Capp do- ing with this youthful specimum just graduated from a Pennsylvania Uni- versity? VVhy was he on campus? No one really knows. All Capp gathered was a furious crowd at the XVar Memorial Auditorium that night and presented one of the most talked about shows in the school's history. The first time I saw Capp he was approaching our lunch table at Pier 66. His large body swayed with the weight of a wooden leg replacing his once real leg lost in a traffic accident at age 9. The grandfatherly looking gentleman settled himself in the chair. ordered a tuna fish sandwich on rye and began sizing up the three college specimums seated before him. XVQ discussed Viet Nam, the world situa- tion and campus problems. Capp and I had a chance to really talk on the way to the auditorium that night. As AL CA PP .V .... Answers your questions on: Sex Adultry Bosoms and Doris Day Movies .JI 55 the two of us drove down the 17th Street Causeway, I sensed a type of relaxation between us, a feeling strangers rarely achieve so quickly. Capp, coming from a traditional jew- ish family told me of his non jewish wife and the story behind their meet- ing. The girl's parents carrie from a highly anti-semetic community and as Capp smiled he told of how he was brought home to this hostle area and displayed as a prospective husband. XVhy her parents never even saw a jew before, and all of a sudden their daughter wants to marry onef' Capps noted neryous laugh inter- Itis been said that Al Capp hates college students. Capp's views on this subject vary, probably according to the mood heis in. Capp trusts an 18 year old who wants to make some- thing of himself, one who wants to make a buck, but he doesn't trust an 18 year old who wants to remake a world he hasn't been in long enough to understandf, Questions were raised to our hero Li'l Abner. Capp finds it hard to believe that Abner is a hero at all. A hero is modest says Capp, Abner is vain. Capp went on to explain Ll'L ABNER attention and interest of the audience at bay. Question: Do you believe in prac- ticing premarital sex? Answer: Only if it's practice. Question: What's you opinion of the comic strip Peanuts? Answer: Well, who knows . . . maybe it'll catch on. Question: Why are you against beards? Answer: lim not against beards. After all if it weren't for beards where would the insects live? V A . ., . sevaam. OFFERS LATER LQVALTY r .ilili Jil fA '-'WMM 705-WV9 - , NEVER BETRAY MAH Bossp r 7URfVJOUGHTN'T TO AH DON T CARE How HIGH BENEDICT A.-TRUEBLUE. rr Tj Jjgj HAVE ANY YUGOES. .Tl-iAR'5 ONE- . Tjq' 'Al' STANDS , H ' . , , wi' TROUELE' Ti-Macs MORE iMPAwnNr Fd ,ARNOLDL r ,f .STEALING HIM THAN MONEY--' W up ii will FROM THAT -- . e - fif- Two-bir : i , jjgy OUTFlT ' a ' ' ' ' I -Kimi, K' f Q jp- I , IJ if ': F . . i ul fi .. . u S ' I Z . 1 , ' ,X ' 4 Q 2:1 . 4.8 X V V Y I K twined through his disertations on life maybe the public admires the ignor- Question: How do you feel about and its complex chemical formula. ance that Abner displays. He says adultry? But they got used to the idea, as a matter of fact they even liked me: l even got to like them. NVe turned and drove toward the rear stage door and Capp reminded me to be sure he had a glass of water and an ash tray on the speakers podium. l assured him l would and as he refused my help he made his way up the rear steps leading to the stage. Capp is the type of man you often see in movies or books. The ancient scholar with ideas and opin- ions on everything. His views not only make sense but send you away thinking you've found an ideal presi- dential candidate, an ideal professor, or just an ideal all around guy. 56 that Abner's ignorance is really heroic. XVhen asked if he thinks the idea of hillbillies in the strip and in television series is an example of intellectual atrocities. he said the only intellectual atrocity he knows of is The New Yorker magazine. Capp discussed the topic of perse- cuted minorities. Parents, Negroes, and junkyard owners topped his list. He discussed parents briefly and said they don't take the time to think about murdering their kids now. They want to wait for cruel revenge . . . the day they grow old enough and have kids of their own. The auditorium audience kept fire- ing questions as the speaker held the Answer: There must be some other plot for Doris Day movies. Question: VVhy do characters in your strip always have big bosoms? Answer: I just like big bosoms. Question: l wonder where the yellow went? Answer: I don't know where Casius Clay is. The questions went on and on until Capp finished off the program, ex- pounding on the future course of the world. A man with a fantastic mind and sense of humor limped off the stage amid thunderous applause, ending Broward's 3rd lyceum. yzffiy: livin . 71, 'QQ 1 F- , A4 P - I - - , A, . V ff 'J ,,, ff . : -..-Q 1 I 6 A A I D IW' SGA . V 5,-'f 11 vc! . 046 ., .5 x 1 Q. I3 If UH Il' ll I 1 fr 7 K V '.w.gs:.f. - klfiff 1 ' '- N: T .. ' 3.. .vm '- I ::':1I. W! DAY ,fag Elections Freedom to Vote DS HLL UHTH We are starting a new line of paperback and need tough, hard-hit- ting, sex-action-filled books, geared to the demands of today's competitive market. VVhat we seek is offbeat sex, with emphasis on deviations. The sex must be as strong and as offbeat as possible. The above was sent by a publisher to prospective writers in November 1963. Sick as it may seem, it offers only a glimpse into one comer of a huge underworld - the extremely profitable business of pornography. FILTH for PROFIT THE BIG BUSINESS OF PORNOGRAPHY Until the early 1950's obscene ma- terials were sold privately. Now hard- core obscenity has emerged into the open. On countless newsstands, paperback books by the score present explicit accounts of sexual perversion. Stag movies and slides, records of obscene songs and humor, porno- graphic pictures and comic books - all are available on the open market, to buyers of any age. According to Henry B. Montague, chief inspector of the U. S. Post Of- fice Departrnent, at least 100 million copies of Mobjectionablev publications go through the mail each year. The department estimates that a half-bil- lion dollars' worth of obscene mate- rials is distributed by mail or truck and express. this filth? Most Who produces pornographers are reluctant to dis- cuss their trade. But since many are under indictment, or have been con- victed for violating laws against ob- scenity, the major facts about the lucrative racket can be established from court records. According to James Clancy, a former assistant district attorney of Los Angeles County, who has been active in the prosecution of many big smut peddlers, about 60 percent of the lewd magazines and paperbacks that circulate in the United States are published by California firms. Two big west coast producers of maga- zines or books declared obscene by the courts are Sanford E. Aday of Fresno and Milton Luros of Los An- geles. Aday began publishing paper- backs as early as 1962. Records show that, operating under several firm names, he produced 826,840 volumes featuring lurid sex in one five-month period. He has been indicted numer- ous times. He and an associate were convicted in a federal court in Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1963, under a law which permits prosecution of a pub- lisher wherever his obscenity is sold. The court assessed heavy fines and imposed a prison sentence, but the case is on appeal. Meanwhile, Aday's 60 firm continues in business. The companies controlled by Luros tum out a tremendous volume of of- fensive literature, some paperbacks featuring lesbianism, incest, perver- sion, sadism and homosexuality. Court records show that from Iuly 1964 through July 1965 Luros also pub- lished 2,490,000 copies of girlie maga- zines, retailing for an -average 31.50 a copy. In that same 12-month per- iod, he turned out at least 28 nudish magazines, averaging 25,000 copies of each. His total annual sales ap- proximate six million dollars. In the New York area, Edward Mishkin has held front rank among numerous publishers and sellers of sex literature. In 1960, New York police, armed with a search warrant, seized 42 different titles of paperbacks in one of Mishkin's retail stores. The writers testified that Mishkin had di- rected them to fill the books with raw sex scenes. By late 1966, according to the Na- tional Office for Decent Literature fan organization that screens all pap- erbacks for guidance of Catholic fam- iliesj the offensive soft-bound books were hitting the market at the rate of about 200 new titles a month. In ad- dition, magazines for the homosexual trade had multiplied. How do the publishers of pomog- raphy operate? The going rate of pay to an author of a smutty paper- back is S600. The author grinds out a manuscript in about a week. Retail price per copy, when published, is 95c. Paper, artwork for the cover, and printing cost a total of about 10 cents. National and local wholesale distributors, retailers and transporta- tion expenses take another 45 cents or so. That leaves 40 cents for the publisher. If all of a standard print- ing C30,000 copies? is sold, lie stands to realize approximately 312,000 - minus the S600 for the author. One of the biggest mail-order smut dealers in the nation is john Amslow and Associates, of Culver City, Calif. Amslow uses an assortment of pseudo- 1 nyms, selling by direct mail such items as nudist films, pomographic records, pictures and playing cards, and lin- gerie. One enormous mailing re- cently went out advertising records that present the actual sounds of erotic love. During 1965, thousands of families received advertising mat- ter from X Sales, Winnetka, Calif, openly soliciting the purchase of stag movies. The films portray the worst in perverted sex. Printing the magazine and paper- back smut is itself a substantial busi- ness. At least 25 firms work at the job in the Los Angeles area. Two of these are Nu Cal Litho and London Press, the latter owned by Milton Luros. Cross income for the printer runs about 15 cents for a magazine, 10 cents for a paperback. Also, many small legitimte firms take on print orders for a girlie magazine or two for the extra profit. The final steps for the pomography publisher is distribution. Ordinarily he tries to arrange for a wholesaler to handle his wares. Most general distir- butors protest that they do not pres- sure retailers to take the sexy maga- zines and paperbacks. But many re- tailers say, We have to take the bad publications with the good, or be penalized. Some big distributors have taken the ultimate step in merchandising, they underwrite their own retail stores. Shops have been opened in many large cities to handle lewd magazines and paperbacks almost exclusively. If this tide of obscenity is to be beaten back, citizens must recognize pornographic materials as the public enemies they are - destructive of the values essential to a wholesome, law- abiding society. We need not stand by helplessly, the multimillion-dollar smut industry is vulnerable to deter- mined, united effort by concerned citizens. Obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press. Dr. Martin Luther King 1929 -1968 96 We Shall Overcome 1 X I ff. .BX Z x, yu fi' XV x f' , I, xt' - Q-A ' w X4 ' -s 0 f I 9 vjfu . -u ,iw 7 ' - J 5'4- 'fs E FL, tk 3 LiM,i'g L.l Mi Y MQ A' if gli t +4 ,F f gin 1- A Ll gqcgw'fqifQfjg,,s+f:11-1E o5f4'PgivfffV' 7'1f+ ... 4 'gg ar F1445 fir -:V if.: MH X ft X X to . Y O iM:,'qi 1,M?Wl:LEl' 41 8, 4 . 1 .' ' Li., A I f up u' N Q 4 ' + 'I 4 -.M t J'l 4,52 4 is Q Y Aer, .Qt 4 +l Env 1 o Q4 Qi lugnbt . 3 Ki ' OV? r . E .5 it ska eg lg . I .? Y 'X aff in ,Q H 4 A S A wr Q , ,Q ' 4 + A- . v sf 'Q 'fa 1 1 qv' + an V 'fi . 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