Brattleboro Union High School - Colonel Yearbook (Brattleboro, VT)

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THE JAPAN INTERNATIONAL CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY Nl of the remarlcable things about apan today rs that her people do not seem to resent American Occupat1on apans defeat rn the war brought great drsrllusronment to those who had been told by the1r war leaders that they were destined to be a superror race They have found the Occupatlon measures firm but lcmd and the American people so recently their enemies generous with relief supplres Reahzrng the defeat of their totalrtarran regime they are loolcmg towards democracy and Chrrstn mrty which they closely issoclate as the b1s1s of 1 new way of lrfe Slncc education rs an rmportant prcrecjurslte to de mocracy General MacArthur rn 1946 aslced 1 group of Amerrcan cduators to study apanesc schools and suggest ways of revising the educatlonal set up Under the old system educational procedures were strictly reg :mented Teachers were told what to teach and how to teach nt and neither they nor their puplls were ex pected to thrnlc for themselves Intellectual freedom and sprrrtual lrbertres were prohrbnted by the govern ment even rn Christian schools and colleges The Occu patron l1as tried to change thrs by mtroduclng ldeas of freedom and democracj however rt rs a difficult proc css for teachers who have lost sight of tI1e democratrc Ideals to teach freedom of thought 1nd the cjucst for The apanese president of a Christian college l1as well defined his country s most urgent need W'hat rs needed rn apan today IS first a new concept of man which recognizes the equality of personality and the freedom of conscience second a new concept of so crety which holds all cltrzens mutually responsible for achieving social justice third a new concept of the world based on the rdeal of world peace and harmony of 1ll mankind apan suffers not only from the l1cIc of natural resources but from poverty rn sprrrtual resources whlch is greater and more fund1ment1l XXfhat rs needed rs nothing less than l5Pll'lfU11l revolu tion Herein Iles the present mlssron of Chrrstrln edu cation EvhNTY Frvr years ago Lmcoln s Secretary of State William H Seward realized that the best way rn which Americans could help apan was to establish schools and to send teachers to help the young people of that country In the years smce then fifteen ev an gelrcal Christian mstrtutrons of senior college grade and fifty Protestant Chrrstran schools on the secondary level as well as a number of Catholic mstrtutrons have been established There has be n however a great need for graduate education as found IH the United States Canada and other Western countrres Even as early as 1900 .1 school of this lcmd was advocated by a apanese Christian educator and rn l9I S 11 plan and tentative con strtutlon of such 11 unrversnty was prepared The Hrst World War interfered wrth further development of the rdea and lt was not until 1932 that defmrte steps were agarn made for the establlshment of a Chrrstran Uni versity Economic condrtlons durlng the depression pre vented carrymg out plans for thxs project After the last war rt was felt by Chrrst11n leaders rn this country that one of the wisest and mostpr1ct1c11bIc ways for Americans to demonstrate a feeling of broth erhood tow 1rds the IPIDCSL w 15 to c1rry forw 1rd the project of cre1t1ng an Intcrn1t1on1l Chrrstnn Unnvcr srty rn 1172111 A tound1t1on for this purpose w 1s set up rn this country and rn the summer of 1919 1 Board of 'Irustees and Unrversrty Council were orgmrzed rn apan with members from th1t n1t1on tl1e Unrted States and Canada Dr Hachxro Yu1sa then president of Doshrsha Unrversrty rn Kyoto was elected president of I C U and It was decided th1t the first classes would be held rn 1951 The ultimate objective rs for 1 well rounded com prehenslvc unrvcrslty At first howevcr only the schools which are most v1t1Ily needed md which c1n bc financully supported will be set up 'Ihc four now planned 1re the School ofLduc1t1on lgflklulft pro gr1m designed to trun tc1chers who 1rc so urgently to preplre students on the gr1du1te level for worlc IH the government the Gr1du1te School ofSoc11I W orlc to provide training for socl 1l worlcers 1nd 1 four yc lf undergraduate Liberal Arts College HE apanese have shown a great Interest In this project and have contributed generously Thrs rs quite srgnrlicant when one realizes the economic havoc cre1ted rn tl11t country by thc l1st w If Luge areas of the cltles are partnlly or completely destroyed More thtn 1 tenth of tI1c POPLIIIUOD rs unemployed 1nd there 1re serious shortages of mmy lmjort 1nt com modltres An objectlve of l5OIH1lll0I1 yen over 34 70 000 was set This goal was topped by uly 1949 Nrnety five per cent of tl1c contributors to the fund were notChr1st1ans Their reason for giving w1s prob ably similar to that of Mr Hxsato Ichlmada Governor of the Banlc of apan who led the drrve He said I am not a Chrrstran However I have come to tI1e conclu sion that noth1ng but a Christian phrlosophy underly rng apan s democracy w lll ever put us through With the money received from the apanese a site comprising over three hundred fifty acres was pur chased at Mrtaka seventeen miles northwest of Toleyo Center This spot rs Ideally suited as a umverslty c1m pus There trc open level spaces where buildings will be erected picturesque woods and fertile hclds sunt lllllllf 1 1 E A 7 , 1 k - 1 - s v. 6 . 1 3 . 1 U h Y A ' , ' ' , ' 1 1 5 1 ' A . 1 ' . 1 ' i . 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THE MORGAN I-ICDRSE N 1795 there was brought rnto Vermont a colt whrch was later to become almost 1 legend Thrs anrmrl eame from Sprrngfield Massaehusetts 1s p ryment tor .1 debt owed to ustrn Morgan 1 srngrng mrster who lrved at Randolph Vt As the new ow ner h rd lrttle use for the colt he rented hrm to a frrmer tor frtteen dol l1rs a ye 1r The lrttle anrm1lw1s used for 1ll krnds ot farm work 1nd w1s also found to be 1ble to o1rtstep all eomers rn short races held 1t C h ISL s Mrll ln the mean trme the lrttle horse had dexeloped leg 1nd chest mus eles whreh were unhelrd of rn horses of hrs srae Hrs werght wls less than 1 000 pounds rnd hrs herght only I4 hands approxrmately 56 rnehes It wrs Slll tl t seventy pounds of thrs horse w 15 Llelllil to 1 hundred of any other The aneestr1l b1ekgrounel of thrs rnrmrl was belreved to be of some Ar 1br1n 1nd possrbly some thoroughbred breedrng M ustrn Morgan dred rn 1798 1nd the then hwe year old horse was named after hrm The anrm1l thanged hands several trmes 1nd srred mrny eolts lt was not untrl he was qurte old th1t people begrn to realrze that here was a lrne of horses w rth eh 1r1eterrstres drstrnct and drfferent from those of any other horses known ustrn Morgan contrnued to thrrxe 1nd be came world reknow ned to horsemen rs the founder ot a new and remarkable breed He dred rt the age of thrrty as the result of an acerdent Many of hrs sons and and lrnes of breedrng Among the most noted were Woodbury General Gates and Ethan Allen Some years after the Morgan horse h1d been well establrshed rn the world Colonel oseph Brttell bee 1me rnterested rn the breed 1nd started 1 375 000 breedrng farm at Weybrrdge Vt to perpetu1te thrs lrne Before hrs death he deeded the farm to the U S Gowernment from that trme on rt bee1me known rs the Unrted States Morgan Horse laarm Srnee then the f1rm hrs been earrred on by the Goxernment as 11 research proy eet rn performance rnxestrgatrons wrth Morgan horses The arm of the study has been to preserve lflel to rm prove rn some ways the orrgrn1l Morg1n breed N 1906 the Morgrn was prrm1rrly 1 hrrness horse but lbout that trme the drreetors of the f1rm re ll rzed that the future of the breed l1y rn the f1et th It rt must be made more adaptable for use under s1ddle consequently the rendeney has been to elrmrnate the eoarse heavy wrthers and low baeks 1nel to rmprove the legs and garts of the anrmal The Morg1n of tod1y strll marntarns the small shlpely head the powerfully muscled quarters and the gre1t endurrnee 1nd rntellr gence of hrs forefathers but he rs hner boned Vermont hrs become frmous lb the home of Mor gms Tod1y even though the r1rsrng of horses h1s slackened greatly there 1re strll many frrms se rttered throughout the state where thrs rnrmrl strll thrrwes As soon IS the Morg1ns bee 1me estlblrshed as 1 breed they spread not only throughout the entrre Unrted States but to other eountrres Because of therr remarkable endurrnee they were used to 1 great extent rn the lfmy The lrrst Vermont C11 1lry one thousand men mounted on Morg1n horses fought rn many de ersrxe eng lgLlTlLl'ltS durrng the C rsrl Wllf Of these one thorrs1nd horses whreh went rnto brttle erght hundred were krlled durrng the seventy hve blttllb md skrr mrshes rn whreh they p1rtrerp1ted Gener1l Sherrelrn s frmous horse Rrenzr whreh he rode on hrs frmous rrde from Wrnellester twenty mrles rwry was r yet bl 1ek Morg 1n At present there rs some eontroxersy between 1 1st ern 1nd XX'estern Morgrn breeders rs to whreh seetron rs produerng the trrrer type of horse lrom most re ports howexer the only drtferenee seems to be that the Western bred Morgrn h 18 heawrer quarters and eo1rser legs qualrtres whreh m 1ke hrm more adapt 1ble for use rn hrndlrng e1ttle 1nd rn roprng HI U S Morgrn I 1rm has been rn the news eol umns lrtely The Gosernment rs tryrng to elose out the farm bee 1use rt rs not showrng a profit How eser the project rs meetrng wrth consrderable opposr tron from I:1stern Morgan breeders because the farm 1dds tremendously to the prestrge of the breed The l1test reports of the Morgrn Regrstry show that there rre 5000 Morgan horses rn the Unrted States and undoubtedly many more whreh 1re not regrstered In terest rn horse showrng rs rt 1n 1ll trme hrgh now and Morgms seem to be gunrng rn number qualrty 1nd fn or If most shows Although the demand for average horses rs not so gre 1t rn the I 1st ls rt h1s been prexr ously good qu1lrty horses 1re strll rn strong demrnd 1nd eomm1nd exeellent prrees There rs rlso great rn terest rn horse b1ek rrdrng now 1nd thrs sport wrll no doubt remrrn pop1rl1r for some trme The prrees of good Morgm horses xarres to rgrert extent rn relrtron to drfferent seetrons of the eountry 1nd also to the breedrng whreh the horse e 1rrres At 1n establrshed breedrng f1rm rt rs almost rmpossrble to buy a good promrsrng eolt for less than three hundreel dollars The prrees for mrture m1res 1nd stallrons de pends largely upon how true to type they are and upon what lrne of breedrng they belong to A mature regrs tered Morgrn erther m1re or st1llron wrll probably eost no less th1n three hundred dollrrs 1nd wrll not hase any set mrxrmum prree It rs possrble however to get good qu 1lrty and type unregrstered Morgans for 1 1rr1ble prrces dependrng upon how much the owner wrshes to sell By PLlI'Ll1lSlf1g 1n unregrstered mare ol good type 1nd qualrty lflel rrrsrng eolts from her one c1n soon est rblrsh 1 lrne of regrstered horses f1A!lllI1lle4I Ilfl pzqe 1 1 ' - V' 1 I 1 f . , s .-f ,-, '. l ,. , , - A . . l 'K L , - ,, A ' A ' I . ,, , , . -. 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DEVELOPMENT OF TI-IE SUBMARINE llsT lfew weelss 150 the he ldllnes ln the x ll'10LlS newsplpers throughout the country proelllmed thlt the United Stltes submarine Plelserel hld just eompleted l 5 700 nlutle ll mile xoylge underwlter wflfllOLlt surflelng onee this snorleel equipped erlft ploughed its w ly through the murley lepths of the Plelfle Oeeln for twenty one dlys bl ell ll'10tlLL 18 of I lI'll11OLIl1l llUI7Ol'lll1LL beelllse It forew lrns lls of the uses of the submlrlne ln lPOSS1l7lL XX'orld XX lr lll rung the l t w lf the une erse ls fleet beel e lenown IS the silent serylee Ellltll' exploits wele not relelled to the publle bLLlllSL seereey w ls their vro teetlon llery lttlele w ls promptly followed by depth bombing lf news of the sueeess of our sublnlrlnes were glyen out our enemies would lsnow th If thelr we lpons were lneffeetlxe for the sub l'llLl llled to tell the tlle They would then lmproye both tllelr tletles lnd their munltlons lnd thereby decrelse the sltety of our Amerie ln submlrlners How ey er 15 long lb the oppo sltlon mllntalned l blind faith ln their equipment our own erlft were thlt much slfer In the Plelhe lfel where our under sel letlon w IS eoneentrlted the sllent serylee slnle 1750 lplnese merehlntmen lnd Q4 w lrshlps of the Nlpponese fleet Thls leeounted for lpproxlmately 60Qf of lll merehlnt shlps sunle lnd 79W of ap wlr yessels All of this shlpplng w IS destroyed by 1 foree whleh contained only 1 67f of the personnel of the Amerlcan nelyy' The destruction of shipping was not the only war chore whlch these subs accomplished They rescued fliers shot down oyer the sel they ex lCL1llCLl persons from en emy held territory they supplied Philly y me guerlllls with food lnd lmmunltlon 'Iwo U S submlrlnes elr rled l detlehment of Mlrlnes known ls C lrlsons l'lIklLl'S to M lleln lsllnd for a SLIFPFISL fllel In lnother lnstlnee two Amerle ln subs sanle lfI'lI1SPOI'fLlI'I'yII1g a LllNlblOl l of lplnese troops Two erews of IPPTOXI mately 160 men destroyed lnd dlsorglnlzed ln entlre enemy LllXlSlOH s elrly IS l67l men began tl1ll1lxlI1g of bolts which could tr lyel under water Cornelius Van Drlbel IS eredlted with mllelng the first submersible erlft Thls erude affllr was eoyered with greased leather to mfllee lt water tight A man by the name of Symons mlde the first wooden submarine by deelelng oy r 1 rowboat Leather bottles whleh filled with w lter protruded from the bottom and caused the ship to slnle To enable the erlft to rlse the water wls expelled from the bags by llexer lnd with the resultant lnerelse ln blloylney the shlp lseended to the surfaee In 1776 DlYlLl Bush nell lnyented wh lf he called 1 submlrlne mlglzlne The purpose of hls invention was to enlble the operl tor to lPPI'OlLll slllps unseen lnd then to ll'llX an ex ploslye Clllfgi. to their hulls Bushnell s dellee w 18 not sueeessful slnee no British ships were sunle by lt but he did proye that gunpow der could be exploded under water Twenty years llter Robert lulton fLVIWC.Ll the ldel of underwater Lflfl lnd ln 1800 Napoleon of l rlnee I7I'ON1LlLLl hlm with funds to e lrry on some experlments lulton nlmed hls yessel the Nautilus ln Brest hlr bor he lttlehed ll lnlster of gunpowder to l demon strltlon ship and w IS sueeessful ln blowing It ul Be e 1ll'wL the Amerie ln lmenter ellel not destroy my of the British fleet Wlllill WIS bl0ClslLlll'1f., lrlnee Nlpo leon wlthdrew hls support lulton returned to Amerlel where he leept the subleet before the Nlyy lflkl Con gress but he fllleel to ere lte lny lnterest ln hls lde 18 Hl first reeorded lnstanee of submarine wart lre oe eurred ID 186-1 during the Civil War when ln underw lter eraft sanle the HOUSHtOnlL whleh was bloel-eadlng Charleston Harbor The sinking was ac comphshed by lfflxlng ln exploslye charge to the shlp The exploslon how eyer also sanle the submarine and all its crew descended to a watery graye In 1898 john Holland after eight dlsappolntlng at tempts perfeeted the Holland number 9 this wls the first successful submarine Cigar shaped the eraft was 53 ft long On the surface she was drlyen by 1 gas engine when submerged she was propelled by an elee trlc motor which drew lts power from a storage battery Thls combination internal combustion englne and storage battery was the ehlef contribution of ohn Holland and lt y ned the way for more admnces ln the submlrlne In hls bool-e lu uni Illnnl111dLe.1gml Ilffder lin Se 1 ule Verne deserlbed l eleylee whleh enlbled men 111 s bmerged lessels to see lboye the sllrf lee of the w lter Thls idea experlmented with proved highly sueeessful Prlor to the lntroduetlon of the perlseope l submarine had to rlse exery few minutes to view the target With this L1I1S3flSf1LfOI'y sltuatlon remoxed the sub began to loole more lllee a laluable weapon However It was not until the IDX entlon of the torpeelo that under sea eraft became elasslfled as real threlts to shipping HL hulls of submarines are constructed of consider able strength to withstand the tremendous pres sure of the ocean s depths Along the hull are located tanks which haye yalves at the bottom to admit water and vents at the top to allow alr to escape it is thls feature which enables a sub to rlse or submerge at the will of the operators To dive the tanks are filled with water to rlse the water IS expelled by compressed 'ur Dlvlng planes control the angle at which the craft sub merges or surfflees Tl-lm tanks are located fore and aft These are filled with enough water to compensate for those losses ln welght which are due to spent tor . 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