Brattleboro Union High School - Colonel Yearbook (Brattleboro, VT)

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--- .fa .. The ammo All sheen A presents 'THE MICKEY DOODLENHS to the CLASS OF 1926 CAST Edmund Manley Mr. Caverly----+f------ --- Dorothy Hebb Marj Qrie Ob31'--'eQ'-v'v----r!: - '- Marion Rice------- Alla Fitzgerald Pauline Harlow Charlotte Th0mpSO1'1n--Q-as-:reef-se-H Helen Parme1ee---- 'nap-an---4. ..-v .nan . , ,, . Lyman Adamse- ----- Q- --------- M Hertha Daley Lee Corbett Mr. Ewee----.-,.------ ----- -- Gene Mc Garrigle John Stewart Kenneth Wheeler Jack Vandeveer Harold Deyo werreneeennett CHORUS- Senior Freehinen Charles Crosby Ruth Knowlton Ruth Stockwell Betty Sohwenk Mary Putnam Luella Eagleeton Alice Boyden October 7 1922 '

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freedom and 10 ple object because of the high percentage of illiteracy among the new immigrants. But we must take into consideration the fact that these people really are not less educated than those of the old immigra- tion of 1820. In fact, m-any of them have specialized in various kinds of work in their own country, and if they had had the opportunities which we enjoy and for which they have come to America, this percentage of illiteracy would not be high. Contrary to the general belief, the de- sire to become citizens is as evident in the new immigration as in the earlier one. The report of the Immigration Commission shows th-at of the older immigrants who reported for citizenship, SOMW had been in the United States over ten years, while only 38.9'Z: of the more recent arrivals had been here so long. During the years immediately preced- ing the world war, such large numbers of immigrants came to United States that the government, in order to restrict the number, found it necessary to pass the following laws: 1. Law of May, 1917. This 1-aw limited immigration by a literacy test which required that all aliens over 16 years who could not read forty Words in English or in some other language or dialect would be excluded. The following were excepted from the rulings of this law: fathers or grand- fathers over 55 years, grandmothers, mothers, unmarried or widowed daugh- ters, and children under 16 years. 2. The Dillingham Bill-Passed 1920. This law limited immigration to 3921 of the number of immigrants of a country already in the United States. These bills are not just. By the first, some immigrants who would become val- uable citizens of our country would be excluded because they had had no oppor- tunity to learn to read, while undesirable ones would be allowed to enter. Often those who have been denied the privilege of education and economic opportunities are the ones who would make valuable citi- zens here 'because they realize the advan- tages and wish to make use of every op- portunity. However, the bill of 1917 seems to be more advantageous to America than the one now in effect, which restricts im- migration regardless of quality. By this bill, the kind of immigrants admitted really depends upon the speed of the vessel on which they come. For example, after the war, one of the soldiers who had fought in our army and had received a medal for bravery, sent for his mother to come to America. She sold her home and arrived in America just as the quota for the coun- try from which she came had been filled. For this reason she was obliged to return home. What must this soldier think of The tal the land for which he had fought? The same day on which this happened, an- other ship brought to the United States a man who had been in America during the war and who had been granted exemption from lighting for some slight reason. After the War he had gone to his home in Europe, but seeing conditions there he thought it would be to his advantage to return to America. I-Ie was allowed to enter. Many people believe that we should re- strict immigration and keep the United States in the hands of the people already here. This would be selfish and unwise, because the further development of our country, natural resources, and industries, depends on these people who are Willing to do the hard work which Americans refuse to do. Although there employment since the need of many workers industrial, and mining has been much un- War, there will be in our agricultural, districts when con- ditions improve, and we shall need the im- migrants. But the United States should restrict im- migration for a time so that we may give our entire attention to those already here and teach the1n our language, our customs, and our American ideals of libertyg not the selfish freedom based on the liberty of the individual, but the free- dom of society for which Washington, Lincoln, and other great Americans fought and died. When we Americans realize the ne- cessity of meeting the immigrant half way, of giving him as much as he gives us, and of treating him as We would want to be treated if conditions were reversed, we shall deserve the loyalty and good-will which he is willing to give and the United States will be one of the most progressive nations on earth. -MARY C. GRADV. SOME ASPECTS OF THE COAL SITUATION CLAss QRATION The question of coal has been one of grave importance to the United States since the unparalleled development of railroads and manufacturing in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Since this period our industrial expansion has depended almost wholly upon coal. It is abundant coal alone that has made such extensive steel manufacturing possible in .the United States, and it is again coal that has fur- nished by far the greater percentage of power for transportation. Because of these facts the coal strike is at once a matter of vital interest to every American. The miners are banded together in a labor organization called tl1e United Mine Workers of America. This organization has a strength of 400,000 in the bituminous mines, which employ approximately 600,000 meng the anthracite mines, which employ about 150,000 men, are almost solidly unionized. The mine operators, united by a national organization, as a rule contract jointly with the U. M. W. of A. Following the recommendations of the Coal Com- mission appointed by President to settle the strike of 1902, wage and other agreements have been made bi-yearly on April lst. Contracts have been drawn up in joint conferences at which the miners presented their demands President Lewis of the U. M. W. of A. called a pre- liminary conference January 6, 1922, at Pittsburgh, but the operators of Ohio and western Pennsylvania declined to be rep- resented. The operators, organization did not meet the miners, due probably to the inlluence of these two sectionsg and no con- tract Was signed. On April 1, 1922, a na- tion-wide coal strike was called by the union with major demand of a 20 per cent increase for anthracite miners, a standard check-off provision for all, and the bitumi- nous worker a six instead of an eight-hour day with no lowering of the present wage scale. Defending the position of the anthracite workers in demanding a 20 per cent in- crease, VV. Jett Lauck, an economist, says The Anthracite Coal Commission, which was appointed in the summer of 1920 to ad- just wages in the hard coal regions, did not follow the precedent of the Bituminous Commission in accepting the principle of a living wage but adopted the policy of ad- vancing rates of pay in accordance with living increases. It merely continued for two. years, therefore, the standards of liv- ing which were already inadequate. Even should the present demands be granted in full and the cost of living continue to de- cline, it would require another two-year period, at least, lo establish American standards of living in the anthracite fields. The six-hour day is demanded by the bi- tuminous miners in the hope that they will be enabled to work more steadily. While the bituminous coal industry of the U. S. has never been able to operate its mines more than 215 days per year, conditions following the war have caused hundreds of mines to be shut down completely and thousands of others to be worked but two days or less per week. Apparently the miner is justified in his complaint if S7 to S10 may thus become his week's wage. Moreover, investigation of living condi- tions in both mining districts has shown what wretched homes some miners live ing and the miners' claims that the difficult and dangerous nature of their work demands better living conditions than these seem reasonable and just. Roosevelt The stand of the coal operators is made principally on the claim that the miners' de-

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