Bolivar Central School - Gusher Yearbook (Bolivar, NY)

Text from Pages 1 - 72 of the 1931 volume:

• • ■ THE GUSHER Published by THE JUNIOR and SENIOR CLASSES 1931 BOLIVAR CENTRAL SCHOOL BOLIVAR, NEW YORK FOREWORD A IE have attempted a true portrayal of the ' first year of Bolivar Central School. We have labored to be infinitely sincere in all that we have here included. And above all by our decorative symbol, we have tried to suggest that herein lie not merely a record of one year’s wor but the nucleus for evernmounting, ever'increasing ideals and dreams for the future of a great institution. ‘BBSS 4 '• • -o DEDICATION 'J O Miss Marion L. Tollman, the first precep' tress of Bolivar Central School and founder of “The Sentinel’’ and The Gusher, we dedicate this second volume of The Gusher. May we profit by her unselfish interest and best efforts to make Bolivar Central School a bigger and better institution. At the Crossroads You to the left and 1 to the right. For the ways of men must sever. And it well may be for a day and a night— And it well may be forever. But whether we meet or whether we part (For our ways are past our knowing), A pledge from the heart to its fellow heart On the ways we all are going! Here's luck! With a steady swing and an open brow We have tramped the ways together. But we're clasping hands at the crossroads now In the Fiend's own night for weather; And whether we bleed or whether we smite In the leagues that lie before us. The ways of life are many a mile And the dark of Fate is o’er us. Here’s luck! And a cheer for the dark before us. You to the left and I to the right. For the ways of men must sever. And it well may be for a day and a night. And it well may be forever. But whether we live or whether we die (For the end is past our knowing), Here's two frank hearts and the open sky. Be a fair or an ill wind blowing! Here's luck! In the teeth of all winds blowing. —Richard Hovey, 1864-1900 Sincerely, Marion L. Tallman THE GUSHER STAFF Robert Edward Sawyer . Editor'iri'Chief Mary Cathryn Ward . Associate Editor Russell Wyatt Case Business Manager Hazel Mae Clarke . T reasurer Stanley Eugene Root Photographic Editor George Talbott Davis . Art Editor Roy Edward White. Literary Editor Beatrice Clara Tyler Society Editor Herbert Lovitz Sports Editor Harold LeRoy Newton Class Editor Robert Mitchell Richardson . Circulation Manager Miss Marion L. Tallman Faculty Adviser Miss Marion L. Tallman CONTENTS CALENDAR FACULTY CLASSES ATHLETICS ORGANIZATIONS ADVERTISEMENTS F. S. Whitford, Caflisch, Gleason, Donnelly, J. F. Whitford, Coplat, Clavelli, Kyser Davison, Fitch, Hanchett, Hendrickson, Baker, Hogan, Millard, Jordan, Bunker, Martiny, Tallman Inglesby, Bruner, Gray. Parker, Blossom. Birtcil, Fitzgerald. Andrus, East. Hopfman. Robinson High School Faculty J. Frederick Whitford Principal University of Wisconsin. Miltcn College Marion L. Tallman Preceptress, English University of Buffalo Buffalo State Teachers' College Helen Bruner Domestic Science Syracuse University Louis Coplai Latin and English University of Buffalo Phillip Caplisch . Manual Training Buffalo State Normal College Laura C. Davison Commercial Instructor Syracuse University Elsie East ..... Foreign Language University of Rochester Arletta Hendrickson Mathematics and Language Atterein. Ohio—A.B., High State Ohio—A. M. George F. Kyser . Science University of Michigan Helen C. Martiny History St. Bona%’enture College A. Ruth Parker Mathematics Alfred University Special Florence P. Andrus . Health Hurse University of Michigan V. M. Clavelli Band Master Institution of Education, Professor V. Marini, 66th Regiment Infantry Band Master Ascoci Piceno, Italy Faculty Paul P. Donnelly . . Athletic Coach Columbus University Wesley A. Gleason.........................Music Houghton College Eunice Fitch Art Rochester Art Institute. Fredonia Normal School Hannah P. Baker Grade Fourth Friendship Training Class Reba Birtcil Eighth B Keuka College H. Irene Bunker .... Kindergarten Geneseo Normal Lena Blossom .... First Buffalo State Normal Alma Fitzgerald Seventh Geneseo Normal Grace H. Gray Second Geneseo Normal Frances E. Hanchett Second and Fourth Geneseo Normal Faculty Beatrice E. Hogan Third Mansfield State Teachers College Wilma U. Ingalsby Fifth Lock Haven State Normal, Otterhein College N. Lucille Jordan . First Mansfield State Teachers College, Buffalo State Teachers' College Nora C. Millard Fifth and Sixth Arcade Training Class, Buffalo State Normal Bernice O. Robinson Sixth Geneseo Normal Ferris S. Whitford Eighth A Rutgers Summer College, Training Class (Alfred and Friendship), Alfred Agriculture School [81 Goodridce, White, Sawyer. Whitford, Schapfner, Miller Rogers. Potter, Dougherty. Ward. Newton. Harrington Student Council The first student council was organized in Bolivar Central School at the beginning of this school year, September 1930. The purpose of the organization was to secure more uniform and individual representation in student activities, to promote larger social interest among the students, and to foster a living school spirit. From each of the four high school classes, a boy and a girl representative was duly chosen by the members of their respective classes. These eight members held their first meeting and elected a head adviser, officers, and four other persons from the student body at large thus making a council of twelve representatives and an adviser. The following were elected: adviser. Principal J. F. Whitford; president, Robert Sawyer; vice-president, Mary Ward; secretary and treasurer, Ruth Harrington. The four representatives were: Mary Ward, Helen Potter, Donald Gocdridge, and Roy White. The others included in the council were Edith Rogers and George Ackerman, Freshmen; Elizabeth Dougherty and Clarence Schalfner, Sophomores; Alice Newton and Leo Miller, Juniors; Ruth Harrington and Robert Sawyer,Seniors. This B. C. S. council assumed a real leadership in school life; however, the most interesting to the public and pupils was the promotion of the United States Army Band and the founding of the annual Spring Day. We can as a result, boast of school spirit equal to our fine new building. We, the council, hope that the good work will be furthered in the years to come. i September October November December January February March April May June B. C. S. Events—Some of ’Em 2 Opening Assembly Program: Faculty and Board on Stage 19 Opening football season Alumni, 0; B. C. S., 0. 20—Two moving picture machines bought and picture shown 7—Dedication of our new building 10—Varsity B Club formed 20—Teachers' Conference 3rd District at B. C. S. 24 Pageant “Safety First 27 Alexander Novelty Four in assembly 7—Junior Hop 12— Dramatic Guild organized for B. C. S. 13— Sorosis Entertained Faculty 20- U. S. Army Band Concerts here 21 B. C. S. Jubilee and Parade, after assembly 1st public appearance B. C. S. Band 26— Football Banquet and Awards 3 Joe Shaner—honored appointed All Section Center 6—School Pageant and Glee Club Entertainment 9 The Lost World B. C. S.’s first movie 29— Senior Dance 8 Dramatic Guilds 3 One'Act Plays 5— New Class—Journalism by Miss Tallman 7 Moving-up Day 8th grade and four high school classes 23—Faculty Assembly 4 Harmony Box and moving picture 6— Jordan won school championship in spelling 27 Submerged in Olean Gontest 27— Boys entered in Courier-Express Meet at Buffalo 13 Playground Equipment arrived 14— Junior Hop 21 Mr. Whitford elected president Allegany County Schoolmasters Association 25 Homemaking Teachers of Cattaraugus and Allegany County at B. C. S. 28 High School Trio Broadcast from Station WBEN 30— Senior Play The Whole Town's Talking 1 B. C. S. Band won in class D Contest at Fredonia 2- B. C. S. Track Meet. Bob Sawyer won individual trophy 6 Speaking Contest. Clarke and Schaffner won first place 7 Schaffner won first place at Alfred contest 11 Child Health Pageant and Play 15 Ithaca Contests Speakers and Submerged 18 Dr. M. J. SchlagenhaufF, Boston, to speak in assembly 19 May Festival at Portville. Glee Club and Band go 20 School Exhibition 27 M. F. Denise of Buffalo to speak in assembly 1 District Attorney Ward M. Hopkins to speak in assembly 10—“June Day, Junior-Senior Banquet. Presentation of The Gusher 21— Baccalaureate Sermon 22 Class Day 23—Commencement fill 4 Log of B. C. S. With the opening of Bolivar Central School on September 2, 1930 came the dawn of a new era of school life in Bolivar. Rather timorously we adventured on that day across the threshold of the fine new school into the unknown recesses beyond. There a scene of richness met our enquiring eyes, a richness which we must approach cautiously. Like a bursting bomb did this startling change come into the lives of the pupils. We had been uprooted from the old, smooth, worn course and were beginning again. We saw new faces intermingled with the old. There were new customs'to assimilate with those of the old regime. Everything was so turbulent, so novel that it was delightfully pleasant. This turbulence lasted and held us for many weeks. However, order and system were restored and the new school began its new existence. Naturally with the increased size and importance of our school would come the formation of many new organizations and activities to interest the pupils. September 2—Registration Day—Our old gang is back with all enthusiasm. September 3- We all try adjusting ourselves to a new kind of life. It’s rather amusing. Why can't we be always jolly like this? October—This month heralds the formation of B. C. S.'s most important and influential organization. The first new organization was the Student Council. The twelve members, selected from all the classes, were elected by their fellow students and form the legislative department of our school. Several wise laws were made under its reign, and all its actions were just. October 7 This day marked the dedication of our school, and was one of the season's most significant events. Those who attended thoroughly enjoyed the excellent program arranged by Principal Whitford. The orchestra, hastily organized by Mr.U. Clavelli, was surely good. At the close of the program the presentation of the keys of B. C. S. was made by Carl C. Ade, the architect, and A. L. Shaner, president of the Board, to Principal Whitford. Bolivar High School’s first dramatic club was organized during October. At the first meeting called an astounding number of pupils was present. The members seemed eager to begin their new work. Evidently the previous lack of anything of this nature had left the pupils with a longing for such a club. At the initial meetings the many phases of dramatics were outlined and extensive plans for the year were made. Without a doubt the Dramatic Guild was a priceless asset to the B. C. S. October 17—On this day was organized the Boy's Glee Club. This novel band, the first of its kind in Bolivar, was certainly helpful in effecting harmony within the school. Its twenty members, yodelers all, enjoyed their weekly meets to learn a few new tunes. The members assisted in several assembly programs. All in all it was a big sensation.” This month also sees the beginning of the band and orchestra. An evident lack of stringed instruments hindered the rapid advance of the latter organization. However, the former, the B. C. S. Band, is the jewel in the crown of our school. It is the center, the nucleus, of school life, and an organization to he much esteemed. The members aided in all the assembly programs, being invaluable and indispensable then. On May 1, arrayed in the new uniforms, forty members represented Bolivar at the Musical Festival at Fredoma and came home with first honors for their class. October 10—The first of its kind to be organized, the Varsity “B” Club, hasshownrapid progress. In the first meeting the duties and purpose of the organization were outlined. It was to act as supreme and omnipotent authority” on all athletic disputes and questions. Reviewing their work during the term, we feel that they have surely formed a solid, praiseworthy base on which, in future years when the present members have long since left B. C. S., the organization will rest secure, to grow, forever, in power and size. November 20—B. C. S. is given a taste of concert music. This day, long anticipated, marked the arrival of the famed U. S. Army Band, scheduled to appear at the high school auditorium. This nationally renowned musical organization, under the leadership of Captain Stannard, was a spectacu- cue lar feature in Bolivar and fitting event to herald the opening of the new school. On the day of their arrival, ye lord of unrest exercised his potent rule over the non-resisting pupils, who found a Herculean task in applying themselves to school work while celebrities wandered, unrestrained, through the corridors. In order that every student might attend such a brilliant event a matinee was arranged. A literal sea of people from near and far swept over B. C. S. all that day. Before its close the ushers, appointed by the Council, had a much aggrandized viewpoint on the duties of such an office besides a much fuller capacity for commiseration with those afflicted with any lameness. The program was immensely enjoyed by the audience, especially when, in a whistling selection, they themselves were allowed to take part. On the same day the familiar film of the U. S. A. Band members, our school board, and local 'Barrymores’’ was taken. To the delight of the students this bit of drama was shown on several occasions. At the evening concert the crowds were less dense and more brilliant, composed chiefly of adults. The entire day had been successful, especially financially. It had been the secret fear of the Council and Board, who discussed the event at great length for several evenings, that in the present state of financial depression in the oil fields, the anticipated amount would not be gained. However, as if to animate those former morbid suppositions, the next day brought the astounding news of a $313.25 profit, which was the means of purchasing many new instruments for the high school band. Naturally, so unparalleled a success could not pass without celebration so on the next day a holiday was decreed. Thus did we join in the Bacchic festivities. On that day requiescat in pace would have been an utter impossibility. The entire student body assembled for outdoor exercises. The hectic parade is a vivid memory. The cars, led by Mr. A. L. Shaner, and loaded with riotous revelers, paraded the main thoroughfares. The school band participated, playing several marches, and rending the atmosphere by the too familiar tunes of the old school bell which had been carefully conveyed from the museum. Such days as these shall be always historical. March 4- B. C. S. goes musical club. “The Harmony Box, an original entertainment conceived and directed by Miss Tallman, brought us vistas of a sparkling evening. To the audience it was a brilliant show; to those acting, it was a lot of fun, especially the rehearsals. April 14- This was the day on which we all became incorrigible radio fans. But then, who would not sacrifice the ambiguous joy of work for thirty minutes, in anticipation of hearing their schoolmates, Beatrice Tyler, Edith Gregson, and Lucille Jones, otherwise known as the Bolivar Trio, broadcast, as they did from station WBEN in Buffalo? We can still hear the vivid echoes of their exquisite harmony, bidding us “Bye, Bye Blues. April 20- Mr. Gleason gave us a glimpse of the past in the operetta, “Down South in Dixie. It was an admirable presentation, and B. C. S. will thereby always favor Stephen Collins Foster, the composer of the songs. April 30 Bolivar was shown what genuine dramatics were when the Senior Class presented “The Whole Town's Talking,” a comedy of great merit, which incidentally proved to be one of the most successful plays put on in Bolivar. On game .part- Let! day a- ming. May 4th, the Seniors left for Wellsville where in the Nordin studio, they - . in the art of posing, the occasion being the taking of Senior photographs. The e Oasis gaVb them all a thrill. It was all they had expected, and much more. „ upon them on that night, lal contestants displayed vocal powers on this Wednesday evening in the oratorical r ... After listening to the six girls and six boys deliver their fine addresses, we all agreed that luncey Depew could not possibly be termed a speaker. The prizes, furnished by the board of education, were awarded Clarence Schaffner, John Dougherty, Richard Commons, Hazel Clarke, Henrietta Paul, and Alice Newton. To further personal honors and the renown of his school, Clarence Schaffner won first prize in the Alfred oratorical contest on May 7, 1931. A brilliant future for the speaking field is undoubtedly assured. [15 1 fffeVl meccsw h WJ June 1931 What a commencement for the new school! Our Senior Class will be the largest yet to graduate from Bolivar's schools, there being 27 graduates, all receiving diplomas ranging from Commercial, Vocational, Academic, to Classical. The class is surely worthy of being remembered as the first to be graduated from the new Bolivar Central School. Thus passed our first year in the new B. C. S., teeming with activity. Some other of the year's epoch-making dates were: the school movies, Junior and Senior dances, B. C. S. track team's journey to Buffalo, interclass basketball and track meet, and especially those hilarious school assemblies which Miss Tallman seemed so capable of producing in less than ten minutes. The first school year is steeped in action, never without motion. No sooner would one event pass happily over, then in its stead would rise a new center of interest. Let it be always so. Like the embers of a glowing fire, at first exuberant, crackling, let not our life be sunk to lethargy and inactivity. So fine a school would never merit such degradation. Let us look ahead, to catch the all-pervasive glory to be ours. Our building, at present unadorned, will become within a few years, the most attractive center of town life. Plans are being conceived for a beautiful campus, affording vistas of rolling lawns and green growing things, retaining the atmosphere of some native woodland haunt, restored to a far worthier position. With the building’s splendid equipment, it will be the scene of all future town and school athletics. Its handsome auditorium will witness many scenes of emotional grandeur. Perhaps there will be new clubs formed, to vary the life of Bolivar. In future years our school will become a throbbing heart, a life-giving instrument to our town from which will flow the interests of all men. Certainly with such views before us, inevitable, we can allow our thoughts and plans to reach upward, outward, to grasp the greatest that this supreme enterprise, this magnificent school, has to offer. Sesqui-Centennial of the Richburg Hill Gusher Since T he Gusher is named for the chief activity of Bolivar, it is fitting that in it, on this year, 1931, the sesqui-centennial of “The Richburg Hill Gusher” should be commemorated. On April, 18, 1881, half a century ago, John Moran drilled in the Richburg Hill Gusher, and ushered into Allegany County one of the largest wells in its history. This discovery attracted people from all sections of the country to this locality. Immediately, Richburg and Bolivar became tbe center of the oil excitement. In a short time houses were built along the east side of the highway between the two villages, and on the west following the valley were pipe line storage tanks, railroad tracks, and a refinery a short distance from North Main St. (Bolivar),on the Salt Rising road. Several test wells had been drilled in different parts of the county and at this time in the township of Bolivar. The Elliott well on lot No. 5, Williams fe? Morse on lot No. 20, located near the California Mill, Duke is1 Johnson on lot No. 13 were being drilled. Mr. Moran entered the oil business at Pithole, Pennsylvania shortly after the discovery of the Drake well at Titusville, and acquired production there, before moving his family to Friendship, N. Y. in 1880. Later they moved to Bolivar where his family of nine children was reared, and his widow still resides. He died June 5th, 1904. ctre__.€€JSfieft. Class of 1931 Robert Sawyer Ruth Harrington Mary K. Dougherty Elizabeth Bartley Colors Orchid and Green President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Motto Deeds not Words I 18 I MILDRED VIOLA ALLEN “Berthie Girls' Glee Club, '28, '29. '30, '31 Latin Club, '30 Music Librarian, ’29, '.30 Sentinel, Music Senior Play, '31 Reporter, '31 “Tlie trust I have is in my innocence.' IRENE BARNES “Bumps” Wellsville High School, '27, '28, '29, '30 Dramatic Club, '31 Girl Reserve of W. H. S., '27, '28, '29, '30 Shorthand Club, '31 ‘Men's eyes were made to lool(, and let them gaze. ELIZABETH J. BARTLEY “Betty Dramatic Club, '31 Class Treasurer, '30, '31 Latin Club, '30 Senior Play, '31 Home Economics Convention, '31 “Forebear sharp speeches to her: She is a lady. RUSSELL W. CASE Sleep Olean High School, '28 Basketball, 30, 31 Track, '30, President, '31 Football, '31 Fast asleep? Sentinel Staff, '30 Gusher Staff, '31 Interclass Basketball Coach, '31 Senior Play, '31 Hi-Y, '31 It is no matter. I W} CARMEN M. CLARK “Clarkie Class Play, '31 “What canst thou say all this, and never blush’ WRAYBURN H. CLARK “Raybie” Class Play, '27, '28, '31 Sentinel Staff, '30 Oratorical Contest, 2nd Prize, 28 Latin Club, 30 “There’s mischief in this man. HAZEL M. CLARKE “Zu Zu” Class Play, '28 Shorthand Club, '31 Sentinel Staff, '30 Gusher Staff, '31 Speaking Contest, '31, First Prize “I pray you, let us satisfy our eyes EVELYN I. COON “Eve Speaking Contest, '27, 28, '31 Glee Club, 31 Band, '31 Sentinel Staff, '30 “I shall remember: When Caesar says, do this, it is perform'd. f 20 J GEORGE T. DAVIS “Stinky” Portville High School, '28 Sentinel Staff. 31 Gusher Staff, '31 Band, '31 He returns, splitting the air with noise.” KATHRYN E. DONNELLY Kay Glee Club, '31 Sentinel Staff, '31 Senior Play, '31 “You are merry, and so am I: Ha! Ha!” EDWARD P. DOUGHERTY “Ed” Basketball, '28, '29, '30, '31 Sportsmanship Brotherhood, '30, '31 Varsity “B” Club, '31 Gusher Staff, '30 Boy Scouts, '27. '28 Latin Club, '30 Sentinel Staff, '30 Football, 31 ‘Sir, your wit ambles Well: it goes easily. MARY K. DOUGHERTY “Katie” Glee Club, '28, '29, '30, '31 President, '31 Class Secretary, '31 Varsity “B” Club, '31 Sportsmanship Brotherhood, 28, '29, '30, '31 With her eyes in flood with laughter” Basketball, '28, '29, '30, '31 Captain, '31 Latin Club, '30 Class Play, '29, '31 I 21 J RUTH I. HARRINGTON “Rudy” Class Secretary, '28, '29, '30 Class Vice-President, '31 Sentinel Staff, '31 Student Council Secretary Class Play, '31 and Treasurer, '31 Latin Club, '30 A withered hermit, five score winters worn, might sluice off fifty looking in her eye. GLENN A. HIBBARD Speed Class Play, '26 Sportsmanship Brotherhood, Hi-Y Vice-President, 29 29, 30, 31 Sentinel Staff, 29 Track, 29, 30, 31 Interclass Basketball, '31 “O, I am scalded 101th my violent motion and spleen, of speed to see your majesty. CAROLINE K1RCHGASSER “Bunny” Olean High School, '28, '29 Class Play, '31 Sentinel Staff, '31 Shorthand Club, '31 “Her sunny locfis hang on her temples li e a golden fleece. HAROLD NEWTON “Newt” Basketball, '28 Hi-Y, '31 Football, '31 Gusher Staff, '30, 31 Class Play, '28, '29, '30, '31 Glee Club, 31 Sentinel Staff, '30 Interclass Basketball, 31 “A college of wit-crackers cannot plant me out of humor. f22;i HELEN POTTER “Tommy” Basketball, '27, 28, '29, '30 Class President, '29 Glee Club, '27, 28, '29 Student Council, '31 Girl Reserves, '28 Class Play, '31 Dramatic Club, '31 Varsity B” Club, '31 Sportsmanship Brotherhood, '27, '28, '29, '30 “All tongues speal{ of her STANLEY ROOT “Rootie Interclass Basketball, 31 Class Play, 29, '30 Basketball, '29, '30 Boy Scout, '27, 28 Track, '29, '30, '31 Sentinel Staff, '30 Gusher Staff, '30, '31 I cannot draw a cart nor eat oats; if it be man's worl(, I will do it. ROBERT E. SAWYER Bob Varsity “B” Club, '31 Sportsmanship Brotherhood, '27, '28, '29, '30 Class Treasurer, '29 Class President, '31 Football, '31 Basketball, '27, '28, '29, '30 Captain, '29, '30 Editor Gusher, ’30, '31 Editor Sentinel, '30 Class Play, 29, 31 Hi-Y, ’29, '30 President, '30 President Student Council, '31 Track, '29, '30, '31 Captain, 30, '31 “There's in him stuff that puts him to these ends! A gift that heaven gives for him which buys a place next to the l(ing. CATHERINE SHANNON “Sue” Basketball, '28, '29, '30, '31 Girl Reserves, '27, '28, '29, '30 Class Play, '29 Vice-President, '30 Dramatic Club, '31 “Some that smile, have m their hearts, I fear, millions of mischief. I 23] MARGARET B. SHAVALIER Marg” Girl Reserves, '28, '29, '30 Highest Scholastic Average,'28,'29 President, '30 Class Play, '31 “I hip not this fooling.'' A. MAXINE SIMONS “Max” Varsity B” Club, ’31 Girl Reserves, '29, 30, 31 Basketball, '28, '29, '30, '31 Secretary and Treasurer, '29, '30 Class Play, '29, '31 Dramatic Club, '31 “From your mind to mirth and merriment, which bars a thousand harms, and lengthens life. DORIS I. SORTORE “Irene” Class Play, '29 Sentinel Staff, '30 Gusher Staff, '30 “How my achievements mocl( me! BEATRICE C. TYLER “Bea” Shinglehouse Htgh School, '27 Friendship High School, 28 Class President, '29 Girl Reserves, '28, ’29 Vice-President, '28 Sportsmanship Brotherhood, '30,'31 Cheer Leader, '29, '30, '31 Gusher Staff, '30, '31 Latin Club, '30 Glee Club, '29, '30 President, '30 Secretary, '29 Class Play, '30, '31 “She will sing the savageness out of a bear. I 241 MARY C. WARD Mary” Assistant Editor of Sentinel, '30 Student Council Vice-President, ’31 Assistant Editor Gusher, '30, '31 Sportsmanship Brotherhood, '30 31 Glee Club, '28, '29, '30 “There appears much joy in her. ROY E. WHITE White” Glee Club President, '31 Hi-Y, '31 Class Play, '28, '29, '30, '31 Latin Club Treasurer, '30 Band, '31 Student Council, '31 Gusher Staff, '31 Sentinel Staff, '31 Dramatic Club, '31 He plays o' th' voil-de-gambo.” BYRON F. WHITFORD “Whit” Band, '31 Sentinel Editor, '31 Class Play, '31 “Heaven! that I had thy head! Shakespeare is to be thanked for the quotations—Bolivar Central School is to be thanked for the Seniors. I 25 1 €tl€ History of Class of ’31 We, Seniors of 1931, are now 27, a large class. Together have we passed through four years of high school life, whose formerly gigantic problems appear to us now, after years of slow development into the austerity of Seniors, as the most trivial of details. Lest we forget—let us go back and review those years of merry activity, which now dwell in a land beyond our reach, a dreamland, which yields access if properly sought. The quest requires that we ourselves be dreamers. Even now our dream-ship floats toward us, all glistening, pink and silver, a scintillating bubble of ample size, within whose golden walls we must depart and re-live our high school life. Safely ensconced within this fanciful body we glide swiftly on, until we reach a foreign land where are irrevocably stored the years we seek. First we come face to face with ourselves, mere Freshmen but recently arrived from the tedious grades. With Mr. T. L. Johnson as principal, we were initiated into the joys of living. After a year of some foolish Freshman-like play, and a little work, culminating in success or failure, we decided life was truly grand, and passed on to the higher realm of Sophomores. As Sophomores, secretly enjoying our new guise of more profound sobriety, we became more attentive to study, concluding that Freshmen were a silly lot. And during this year we presented a stirring musical comedy in assembly under the guidance of Mr. Romaine Button. In our third year, we were termed Juniors,to us, a magic name, spelling increasing powers and glory. At this time we were thoroughly experienced in the art of money raising, inspired by Miss Martiny, whose ingenious suggestions, executed by the class, attained the mundane goal. We learned that banquets do cost, and, besides, are great affairs, especially the one we gave the Seniors in May at the Bolivar. The year was filled on our part by giving card parties and bake sales. At length, suppressing a desire to linger, we glide onward, stopping only to fondly review our Senior days. We had become, strangely, distinguished editors and writers, editing the Sentinel and Gusher, our prized possessions, both supervised by Miss Tallman, preceptress in the B.C. S. A busy year engulfed us. With Miss Martiny, on April 30, 1931, we presented the memorable, all-laughy, The Whole Town s Talking. We see again those numerous Senior gatherings, diligent groups, ar-rangmg for commencement, truly a task. In June, we twenty-seven Seniors, gather for a last high school class, facing graduation and life. Pop! Our bubble has vanished. With a desperate sensation of helplessness, we fall swiftly into space. With a shock, we once more return to reality, realizing that our happiest days can be only reached in dreams. UWxMcnt ctiswft kWH The Future Stygian darkness surrounds us- a blackness so intense and material as to be almost felt. Before us, like a dazzling star alone in midnight skies, lies a clear crystal ball, one endowed with the powers of giving forth sounds and scenes of the future. As I now approach and demand the future of the Class of 31 the effulgent globe is already emitting strange sounds and fleeting glimpses. Come make haste, and gather round. Immediately we see Mary Ward the social leader, greeting her guests, the most honored of whom is Caroline Kirchgasser who won overnight fame for her successful flight across the 1 acihc. There is a sudden change. The crystal sends forth the hum of many typewriters. Of course, it is a large firm of which Robert Sawyer is president. Nearby at his desk sits his most competent secretary. Helen Potter, her mind at last liberated from the horrors of the diabolical grasp of irregular French verbs. Now we are shown the interior of a famed hotel, the usual gorgeous palms and orchestras. The manager, coumous young chap, is none but Glenn Hibbard. Ah. listen there, on one side is a popular dance orchestra broadcasting late blues. The announcer. Ed Dougherty, in accents cheerful, introduces the public's most favored artist, Bea Tyler, the girl of a thousand charms. This gay scene is interrupted by the faint, wavering notes of a piano within the Carnegie Auditorium. The player is Roy White, who has recently completed a successful grand opera. Again there is a change. We discern the glistening white rooms of a hospital. We see a familiar laughing face, that of Catherine Shannon. Sickness is now a pleasure. Beside her is her assistant, the former school comedienne. Carmen Clark, who could find humor in a morgue. But look, there we behold the exterior of a charming girls' college. Two pretty teachers rise before us. Do you not recognize them? They are Kathryn Donnelly and Ruth Harrington, teachers of Latin and English. One two. three, four, raise both legs high. Hear that well known voice. That is Mary K. Dougherty, directing health exercises. Mary being so fond of Virgil, might have been expected to be a teacher of a dead tongue. (?) Oh! Oh! What have we? Most perplexing indeed. Just a swirl of color and fantastic shapes. Of course, modernistic art, and who but George Davis could be the smocked figure in the midst. To our astonishment wc see Elizabeth Bartley, supple lass, armed with her culinary weapons.a teacher of the fast vanishing art of home making. And lo! mirabile dictu. there is Doris Sortore enveloped in downy textiles, fashioning modish gowns At her right, tripping before polished mirrors, a veritable Garbo, is the exquisite model. Margaret Shavalier. who has an extra Foot(e). But we expected that. What a din! The crystal shudders. It is the motors of a handsome plane. Look at its occupants, Russ Case and Byron Whitford, setting a new and startling endurance record. Russel, please note, has fallen asleep, evidently sorely afflicted with the old school day malady. However, his snores are much more tuneful, the result of long and difficult practice. Come, get in step. Hear those blues’ There is a chorus of swaying girls. Why, there is one actress with flaming locks. It is Maxine Simons, the girl with “it. enjoying stage success. Even now a camera man. almost hidden from sight under a burden of films, is ready to take the It girl’s picture for the papers. But to our far-seeing eyes he is only Stanley Root, still keeping a nervy pace with life. Now we see a familiar countenance. A girl whom we know as Evelyn Coon is teaching piano. We learn, not beyond our forethought, that she is the wife of Harold Newton, eminent scientist, who has successfully isolated the spring fever bacillus. Again we sec a very modern interior. A spacious hotel where gay crowds throng. Seated at a small table, vanquishing tasty delicacies, is Wrayburn Clark, who has grown wealthy through his patents of mechanical devices. But whose is this ducky little bungalow with those gay awnings? Let us look. There is our old standby. Hazel Clarke, performing her domestic duties. We don't know who is the fortunate gentleman, but we do know that Hazel will take care of him. Now what can this theater mean? Why it's a Shakespearean play, As You Like It.” that is being staged. Look with what infinite grace and charm the fair Rosalind, one Mildred Allen, moves about in the Forest of Arden. After the play, Mildred introduced me to her private secretary and old friend, Irene Barnes. Wasn t it fortunate that two such firm friends should be together through all the years? Thus did I, in a few moments, see the fate of my classmates, as a fate and destiny attained by good living and hard work. I was not a little pleased at the outcome. Everyone had made a success, enjoying life to its fullest extent. Rather reluctantly did I withdraw from the crystal, so happy had been the moments spent there, seeing old friends in their new surroundings mt h ycTI Bolivar Central School On September second, nineteen hundred thirty, some one hundred forty-three students, for the first time entered the new Bolivar Central High School. Forty-eight Freshmen: active, willing, ambitious Freshmen brought together by Fate to strive to keep up with the progressive world. They were placed under a worthy adviser, Mr. Coplai, whom the class wish to thank for his help in preparing them for a higher education and for the higher ideals of life, and for placing them one step higher on the Ladder of Success. Loretta Shaner, president of the class; William Whitford, secretary; and Barbara Bliss, treasurer are entitled to much praise for their part in trying to make the year one of success. Clara May Graves, George Ackerman, and Edith Rogers also did their bit for the class, as monitors, and the latter two as members of the Student Council. As a whole, the year was a howling success and the Class regret that they will not have Mr. Coplai as class adviser next year and are hoping that they will have one as co-operative. Forty-seven Sophomores: studious, troublesome, lively Sophomores started the year with the election of a class adviser and class officers. Mr. Kyser was elected as class adviser while the class officers elected were thus: Nellie Batterson, president; Earl Ackerman, vice-president; William Jones, treasurer; Veryl Casey, secretary; Elizabeth Dougherty and Clarence Schaffner as members of Student Council. TheClass wishes to thank Miss Martiny who had charge of their room throughout the year, as well as Mr. Kyser, their adviser, for the help they gladly gave to the Sophomores. Through their help the Class maintained a very high scholastic average throughout the year. The boys also had a basketball team which came second in rank as champion class team. TheClass are looking forward to the coming year when they all hope to qualify asJuniors,andpass into the room which will be awaiting them. Twenty-one Juniors: diligent, industrious, ambitious Juniors although the smallest class in high school was the only class to have two class advisers, namely Mrs. Davison and her successor, Miss Parker. The class officers were as follows: June Schmidt, president; Winifred Eisert, vice-president; Aldyne Hughes, secretary, and Esther Wightman, treasurer. TheClass has been very active all the year, the main events being a dance in the early part of November, another at Easter time, and three one-act plays. All three events went over big and from them the Class has more than enough proceeds to pay for the Junior-Senior banquet which is to be the biggest event of the year. The Class wishes to thank Mr. Coplai, the director of the Junior plays, for his co-operation in putting on the productions. They also wish to express their appreciation to Miss Parker for her advice and help in putting on their dances. Although the Class has been attentive to school activities outside the school room, they have not neglected their studies, and all of them are working hard to pass their regents so that they can occupy the place vacated by the dignified Seniors. Here's luck to them and their followers! Four hundred forty-eight grade pupils: peppy, mischievous, carefree they came to make the school complete. From the forty-two kindergarten babies, through the three hundred nine intermediate children, to the ninety-seven young men and women of the Junior High School, they are worthy of becoming the future representatives cf Bolivar Central School. HI MIMK.f June Day Through the efforts of the Student Council, June Day has been made an annual event. Every year during the first of June, a day will be set aside when the students will join together in one last day of fun and merriment. This year June Day will be celebrated on the tenth of the month when the Queen of the Day will be elected by students at the general assembly. She then will reign at a vaudeville which will take place in the Palace Garden. Following will be a parade consisting of the School Band, the Queen and her attendants. Student Council, School Board, Faculty, Grades, headed by kindergarten band, the Glee Clubs, and Varsity “B Club. Representatives of football, basketball, and track will be carried on a float. On returning to the school, a large bon-fire will lie made from old school books and regents papers after which it is planned that each class and grade will plant trees on the campus. Immediately after this a snake dance will be held at the athletic field. The chief event of the day will be the distribution of the annual Gusher. In the evening the Junior-Senior banquet will be held and following this thejuniors will sponser a school dance. This program will be carried out in future years as an annual feature of B. C. S. Tank Tussle In May the annual tank fight reached its final happy ending. It began on a cold, snowy night when telephone messages relayed the news that '32 had mysteriously appeared on the coveted surface. The next evening the Seniors accepted the challenge and peacefully, strangely peacefully, replaced the 1. And by dawn a 2 arrived to stay only until that night. May 6 the final '32 arrived. Let us hope that this long-established tradition of B. H. S. will continue as an integral part of the activities of the new B. C. S. Our Cheerleaders 1931! And again the year has been made peppy by three rip-roaring individuals. Will you ever forget Bea, Herb, and Mary relaying those yells and songs at football and basketball games and assemblies? Remember how those Bolivar hills and later the gym walls rang to “The Victory Song, Hold That Line, We Want a Touchdown, T-E-A-M, “Donnellymen, “Rah, Rah for Bolivar, and “Locomotive, Bolivar. Thanks,Bea, Herb, Mary, the first year of B. C. S. owes its PEP to you. May the future years carry on what you began for us1 I (M MMIH Donnelly, Whitford, H. Shaner, G. Ackerman. Stubbles. R. Richardson, J. Commons. Hibbard. Case, B. Buell Sherwood, Dougherty, Sawyer, E. Ackerman, J. Shaner, McQueen, Potter, Miller, McCann, Goodridge, R Buell Football VARSITY FOOTBALL RECORD 1931 Bolivar 45 Way land 0 Bolivar 31 Cuba 6 Bolivar 24 St. Bernard's 0 Bolivar 18 Portville 0 Bolivar 33 Smethport 0 Bolivar 7 Alfred Frosh 6 Bolivar 7 Coudersport 37 Bolivar 33 Eldred 32 €ti€ C€JSfl€tt Football Football, a sport omitted from the Bolivar High curriculum of athletics for quite a number of years staged a comeback this season that was decidedly encouraging. Out of eight games played during the season the mole-skin clad warriors of our school romped off with seven, a majority that speaks rather well considering that the team was composed of inexperienced men, new at the game of the elusive pigskin as she is played. When the call went out for volunteers, a considerable number of candidates reported to Coach Donnelly who sized up the huskie crop. They were the usual gang of “green” men, dumb but willing, ready to do or die for the old Alma Mater. However by dint of much practice in which “Herman, the tackling dummy took a lot of punishment, and in which the “rockpile was plowed up by noses and cleats, a team emerged who were masters of the Notre Dame shift and which possessed a front line crew renowned for their blocking and efficient interference on behalf of the backfield. Captain Joe Shaner is to be complimented on the fine playing which gained him election to the post of all sectional center. It is expected that the coming season of football will be one with a big future. More power to it! FLASHES Bolivar vs. Wayland—Initial game of the season. A good game but not much opposition from opponents. A sunny sky and a grass-upholstered field rather soft to the Donnellymen after being on the “rockpile.” Bolivar vs. Cuba A clash with old rivals on our field. Nice work for both sides, but the Blue and White piled up the score so fast that the rivals could not follow through the cloud of dust. Bolivar vs. St. Bernards—A good battle against a good team from Bradford who took plenty of punishment from the wild team of B. C. S. Don't forget: here's where the term “Beakbusters originated. Bolivar vs. Portville—A victory scored by Bolivar against Portville on a hard frozen field. Plenty of bruises and plenty of battle. A cold day for spectators and a cold day for the opposing team. Bolivar vs. Smethport- Wow! What a battle this turned out to be on the Pennsylvania field. The Donnellymen tore back and forth on that field faster than the wind that came whistling down over those ice-covered hills. Maybe it wasn’t only the cold wind that made the teeth of the Smethport team rattle. Bolivar vs. Alfred Frosh Bolivar's historic night scrap with the Alfred Frosh on an electric lighted field. A high-class brawl that had the rooters yelling every minute despite zero weather. A powerful offensive drive from the Frosh failed to wrest the palms of victory from B. C. S. Remember Bob Sawyer when he streaked through the Alfred gang for that touchdown? Bolivar vs. Coudersport The sole defeat which our team suffered against a team that was slightly better. But did the Penn team have an easy time getting that victory? Use your own judgment! Bolivar vs. Eldred—A victory for the Blue and White played in sunshine and rain. The boys from Eldred found out that it was easier throwing bits and “bailers” around than the men from B. C. S. A good finale to a good season! | 33] Donnelly, Jones. Jordan, McQueen. R. Buell, Goodridce Shaner. Case, Richardson, B. Buell, Sherwood. Potter, Miller Boys’ Basketball VARSITY BASKETBALL RECORD, '31 Bolivar 18 Alfred Aggie College . 25 Bolivar 19—Shinglehouse . . 9 Bolivar 13—Cuba . 15 Bolivar 32— Westbrooks . 6 Bolivar 10—Richburg . . . . . 21 Bolivar 31—Alumni 19 Bolivar 18—Friendship 13 Bolivar 16—Shinglehouse 18 Bolivar 23—Fillmore . 24 Bolivar 19—Wellsville (tie) . . 19 Bolivar 28—Cuba 26 Bolivar 13—Richburg ... 24 Bolivar 14—Friendship . . 21 Bolivar 20—Fillmore ... 22 Bolivar 31—Andover 23 Bolivar 27—Andover ... . 25 Bolivar 14—Wellsville .... 31 Bolivar 23—Eldred 10 Bolivar 23—Spencer . 11 Bolivar 17—Starkey Seminary 16 Bolivar 17—Breesport .... . 22 C 34 1 Boys’ Basketball When the last echoes of the referee's whistle had died away at the conclusion of the final game of basketball, the season went the way of all good seasons, gone but not forgotten. This year our hard working quintet really deserved a large amount of credit as they met with teams they had never faced before and who furnished a formidable amount of opposition. Rivals who had hitherto proved unbeatable, fell victims to the plucky playing of the men from the New School, and new players who were thought to be just fairly good men, exhibited hidden talent on the court that never failed to please the rooters and astonish the opponents. Such surprises were pleasingly frequent and added punch and pep to all the noteworthy scraps in which both veterans and recruits, who had been united at the beginning of practice, fought side by side to make basketball a tough proposition for the other side. By far the biggest high spot of the entire season was the Y. M. C. A. tournament at Elmira, in which our boys, starting as a dark horse entry, just barely missed winning the championship by a mat' ter of a few points; a great try and a great close up to a season netting ten victories, ten defeats and one tie. Coach Donnelly should be congratulated on his work in turning out basketball teams that make history. HIGHLIGHTS Bolivar vs. Cuba A basketball classic if there ever was one. The rivals expecting an easy victory found terrific opposition on the B. C. S. court. A tie in the last two minutes of the final quarter was broken when Lady Luck directed a wild ball from a Cuba man through the hoop. How those rooters went wild! Bolivar vs. Richburg When Greek meets Greek; a battle! The men from Bolivar played a die-hard game with their traditional rivals on the Richburg court but went down with colors flying when the Jinx failed to break. Bolivar vs. Wellsville The night the Tiger snared himself in the Blue and White net. The boys from the big town tried hard to break that tie but even three extra periods failed to make those stubborn grim fighting men from B. C. S. let go of the Tiger’s leg. Bolivar rs. Cuba - Lady Luck was powerless to aid her prodigies the night of this game at Cuba. In spite of a cold court and poor lighting the Donnellymen's basket shooting and general good playing proved to be a bit too much for the ancient rivals who finally struck their flag. Bolivar vs. Friendship—Another scrimmage featuring bitter rivals who could give and take, and how Friendship took it is known by all who witnessed their defeat on the local court. Really quite a different story from last year's episode. Y. M. C. A. TOURNAMENT Bolivar vs. Spencer The dark horses sprang their surprise and stepped into the regular running by defeating their formidable rivals. A great game that earned the Donnellymen recognition in the city. Not so bad! Bolivar vs. Starkey Seminary—Rather tough sledding for the Blue and White squad but still they came through for another victory and one which they deserved. A game to be remembered. Bolivar vs. Freeport—A valiant last try for the trophy staged by our boys who in spite of rough scrapping succumbed to a team slightly better. Nice work, all of you, gang. tw ©tJSflCCl Goodridce, Bell, Sherwood. Richardson, McQueen, Potter, Donnelly Shaner. Root, G. Hibbard, Sawyer, Seely. Chapel, Buell Track On your mark! Get set! Bang! And the winged heeled Disciples of Mercury were off to a flying start at the beginning of the track season, breaking tapes and records, winning trophies and medals, till it was thought that several Olympic stars would have nervous breakdowns from worrying how to keep their laurels safe from the speedy B. C. S. aggregation, whose three bywords were: Speed, Stamina and Snap. _ . A season that far outclassed last year's successful season was started in practice form during the latter part of basketball season. Candidates, who knew that tough intensive training awaited them, placed their chances of a track future in the capable hands of the coach who promptly started the process of weeding out the good from the bad or indifferent. It was a case of only the fittest surviving and only the fittest did survive, as we all know. A hard bitten, fast and wiry crew was turned out of the mill who blazed flaming trails on the cinder track which other squads had a terrible time to follow, if they felt at all in the mood to do so. A quartette who synchronized with the word Speed we all know and render homage to the Relay Team in the personnel of Messrs. Robert Sawyer, Glenn Hibbard, LeRoy Seely and Dwight Chapel. How these four phantom flashes ate up the distance and passed that baton is something we all will remember with a thrill of pride as belonging to this school. It can truthfully be said that these fellows set the pattern for bigger and better Relay teams owing Bennett High of Buffalo only, as their equals for the best team in New York State. May their soles go tearing on! On April 25th, the old track behind the school was a scene of typical track and field activity with the first interclass meet under way. Keen E fcxa cut ccsneft RELAY TEAM Sawyer, Hibbard, Donnelly. Seely, Chapel rivalry was shown by all classes whose squads were composed of several track members and class members in a more or less assorted form. The Seniors, who had no cinch finally succeeded in captur-mg first honors. Endicott was the next scene of track activity for our Varsity squad who competed there in the En-Joie Health Meet held on May 2nd. Bolivar almost came away with the trophy for ClassC, but we were defeated with a narrow margin by Waverly. It was a close race between Waverly and Bolivar, both teams taking four first places, but finally Waverly gained the edge on the Blue and White squad through points gained by third and fourth places. Sawyer, winner of the individual trophy, captured first in the 100-yard dash with a time of 10:% and in the 220-yard dash with a time of 23:1. Glenn Hibbard, a lad with lightning in his heels, was a close second. It’s rather a queer thing when two men of such equal calibre as Sawyer and Hibbard are on the same team but boy, what results can happen! The Relay team with the time 1:37 romped off with first place, while Buell, in discus, with a throw of 98:11, brought home the bacon for this event. Buell also shaped well in shot-put, taking fourth place, while Richardson captured third. Potter in the 220-yard low hurdles did commendable work, landing fourth place. A great meet that proved what the boys could do to former records! The day of the meet at Alfred on May 11th was a day to be remembered owing to the fact that for the first time in history, a Bolivar sprinter came away with two first places in the 100 and 220-yard dashes. Robert Sawyer possessed that distinction,and it's one to look backuponwith justifiable pride. Sawyer without a doubt is one of the speediest men in New York State and it’s going to be a lucky college that counts him as one of her athletes. Our relay team with Root doubling for Seely carried off a fast third that notified the spectators what the B. C. S. speed merchants could do. George Bell in the pole vault tied for fifth place against powerful competition. This meet set a precedent that we hope all athletes will follow in any event! To all you stout hearted fellows who helped to bring the school into the limelight with your grit and hard work we give sincere thanks. May others follow up the work you started and may they possess the spirit you all had, to win or to make a game try at winning. {37j €tl€ €CJS� Cft Case. Bartley. Lane. Kilmer. Schappner Shelley, Monroe, Ward, Eastman. Delone Interclass Basketball With the opening of the basketball season a new sport was added to the athletic curriculum of B. C. S. As the registration of the school was greatly increased this year, many boys were given an opportunity to develop skill in sports by entering interclass basketball. Four teams were organized to form the interclass league. Because of the scarcity of boys in the Junior and Senior classes, they combined forces to meet teams of the Sophomore, Freshman, and eighth grade.Each team was coached byaVarsity letterman.“Skippy”Shaner was given the honor of organiz-ing the Junior-Senior team. “Joe Shaner provedhisability by bringingtheSophomorestoaclosesecond in the tournament. Burt Buell proved a very capable coach for the Freshmen. Everyone wonders how “Sleep” Case kept awake long enough to bring the eighth grade to the front in such glorious style. With rather large and rangy boys the eighth grade easily proved their ability as basketball players in the first game when they disposed of the classy Sophomore team. A close race followed between those two teams. After winning one each, the whole school was out to see the final game. The eighth grade showed more speed and played heads up basketball to finally down the Sophomores. As a reward for their triumph the athletic director, Mr. Donnelly, donated a silver trophy to them. Kantar's store generously gave the team gold basketballs. Besides providing good exercise for the boys and giving them a knowledge of the game, many future Varsity stars were uncovered. Palmer. Shaker, Graves. Richardson. Hughes, Schmidt. Donnelly M. Sherwood, Simons. Shannon. Jones, Dougherty. Batterson. Milgate R. Sherwood. Bliss Girls1 Basketball VARSITY BASKETBALL RECORD. -31 Bolivar 21 -Shinglehouse 4 Bolivar 21—Richburg 13 Bolivar 27—Friendship 12 Bolivar 25—Shinglehouse 13 Bolivar 15—Wellsville 14 Bolivar 21—Cuba . 7 Bolivar 23—Richburg 6 Bolivar 11—Friendship 19 Bolivar 23—Andover 14 Bolivar 26—Andover 15 I 40 1 ctic Girls’ Basketball Team SEASON OF 1930'1931 The Bolivar Central School Girls’ Basketball Team of 1930-1931 proved to be the outstanding sextette of this section. Whereas, the boys' team lost out in a close contest for the B Championship of the County. They defeated every girls' team in the county twice, with the exception of Friendship to whom the Bolivar Misses suffered their only defeat; and the Wellsville girls who were only played once. Bolivar girls won ten games and lost only one. They won all their games in easy fashion, Wells-ville being the only team to extend the time, the score in this game being 15-14. In the Friendship game the girls were “off, being unable to locate the opponents' basket, while the Friendship girls could scarcely miss it. Bolivar defeated Friendship earlier in the season at Bolivar. The outstanding factor in the team’s success lay in their excellent passwork. In many of their games the teamplay and all-around work of the team easily surpassed the showing of the boys. It is hardly fair to pick out any one star of this sparkling team, but much credit is due the captain, Mary K. Dougherty, for her leadership and great playing. She, with the other Passing Twin, Nellie Batterson, and Center Clara Milgate carried on the brunt of the offensive work; while the trio of Maxine Simons, Catherine Shannon, and Lucille Jones were the real reason for the low scores of the opponents. Bobby Bliss, who played center, forward, and guard at various times; Mary Sherwood, guard; Rita Sherwood; Loretta Shaner; Clara Mae Graves; Jean Schmidt; and Aldyne Hughes, who made up the shock troops of the squad, are to be congratulated on their fine playing, spirit, and sportsmanship. With most of the squad returning next year, the future for Bolivar Central School looks bright indeed, in the field of Girls' Basketball. Sportsmanship, co-operation, and cheerfulness were the identifying characteristics of the girls' team of 1930-31, and they are characteristics that should identify any top notch team or crew in any field of sport. We do not have to raise a monument, or fire a salute for this team, because their fine work and their attitude speak more than could any other visible token. The school as a whole is proud to know that such fine exponents of sportsmanship and fair play are typical of their school. The team that will follow this team, and carry on for B. C. S„ can have no better pattern to follow in playing basketball on the level than the one this crack sextette leaves them. tH6 WJSMf Johnson, Jordan, Green, Clair, Tompkins, Wilcox, Ford, Hawkes Ostriech, Buell, Hodnett, Bartley, Rogers, Monroe, Wight, Delone Boy Scouts of America In the fall of 1929 Mr. E. A. Weisman took over the leadership of Troop 39. Under Mr. C. H. Rauhe, Scoutmaster, Mr. Weisman had ably filled the position of assistant scoutmaster. In this capacity he has remained to this date and we hope that he will do so for some time to come. At one of the recent meetings of Troop 39, it was unanimously voted that our cabin in the woods near Allentown should be named Camp Andrew Jackson after Mr. E. L. McDivitt’s father. Mr. McDivitt donated the land it is on to the cause of scouting. Last summer ten boys of Troop 39 attended Camp O-WAS-KA in Allegheny State Park for one week. While there everyone had such a fine time that they all plan to attend two weeks this summer. One week after they arrived home from camp, a party of boys and their parents went back for the ceremony in which James Hodnett and Edwin Bartley received their First Class badges. Again, last March the troop went to Wellsville to see the same two boys rise a little higher in the rank of the Boy Scouts. This time they received their Star badges. Let’s hope to have many more like them. At present there are 18 boys who were registered as members of Troop 39 last May 31. There are two patrols, The Wolf and the Flying Eagle. Edwin Bartley is Patrol Leader of the Wolves and James Hodnett is his assistant. Earl Monroe is the Patrol Leader of the Flying Eagles, ably assisted by Robert Wight. Arthur Rogers holds the rank of Junior Assistant-Scoutmaster as we have no regular Assistant-Scoutmaster. The Scribe is Crandall Wilcox, and the Bugler is James Hodnett. The rest of the boys are divided between the two patrols. I 44 J tuc cusiea k yc41 Green, Burdick, Stoll. G. Davis, Wood. Commons Coon, Ward, Saneord, White, Phillips, A. Davis, Hughes, C. Jordan, Richardson Clavelli, C. Coon, B. Collins, Rogers, M. Collins, Fanton, Kemp. Tyler, W. Whitpord, Lindquist, Chapel, Wertman F. Whitpord, Case, Hills, Wilson. Jordan, Hodnett, B. Whitpord, Apgar B. C. S. Band and Orchestra In spite of the handicap of gathering these members together up to this date, the high school of Bolivar can certainly be proud of its own band. This organization is now in condition to furnish music for any occasion or entertainment. The last of October there were twelve members in the school who took up assembly musical training for our school band. About the eighth of November four more members entered. By December fifth, the band began to play at entertainments and ball games. About January twelfth, twelve more members took up assembly training. From March tenth up to the present time, we have had a band of thirty-two pieces. In April, the uniforms became a reality. The band made their initial appearance in uniform April 30th, at the presentation of the Senior Play. Resplendent in red, white, and navy blue, the members proved their ability and showed great improvement. At the May Music Festival, held May first at Fredonia, our band won first prize. What an accomplishment! Mr. Clavelli’s patience and faithfulness cannot be properly estimated or appreciated. There are great possibilities for more and even greater victories, in the plans for Decoration Day and similar occasions. The orchestra, although handicapped by a lack of stringed instruments is also making phenomenal progress. Next year it will form a close rival for popularity to the band. Ul( HMM Sanford, Hibbard, F. Phillips, Ackerman, Schapfner, Lovitz, A. Richardson, Hills. Wood, J. Dougherty, Root, Whitford, White, Green. Cartwright Gleason, Forsythe, Sharp. Wilson, R. Sherwood, Langworthy, C. Richardson, Paul, P. Phillips, Barry, Coon, VanVleet, Clarke, Casey, Maxson Tyler, Jones, Gregson, Graves, Shaner, Potter, Ai.len, Donnelly, Bliss, E. Dougherty, M. Dougherty, Sherwood, Shannon, Fanton, Rogers, Hackett Chapel, Buell. Turner, Commons. Pafpie, Wertman, Hodnett. Batspord. Newton Glee Clubs The Girls' Glee Club has been one of the most interesting organizations of the Bolivar Central School. Upon organizing in September, with a membership of thirty-four, Mary K. Dougherty was elected president. This musical society has performed publicly from time to time, each performance being of true musical merit. They have entertained in assembly, taken part in school entertainments, and appeared in the contest at the Annual Musical Festival in Portville. The Boys' Glee Club, although a new organization begun in our school this year, has proven itself both an entertaining and a social group of young men, with Roy White as their president. Their program work, although extremely limited this year was well received and another year will develop to bring about a group of male voices of worthy note. The keen interest shown and the desire mani-fested for group singing was a true test of a successful organization. The Boys' and Girls' Glee Clubs joined in presenting the popular operetta, “The Love Pirates of Hawaii as a climax for their year's achievements. These organizations are under the leadership of the music supervisor, Mr. Wesley A. Gleason. c e A. Davis, White. Dickerson, Schappner, Hibbard, G. Davis Wightman, Donnelly. Battprson. Kirchgasser. Whitpord, Harrington, Swarthout, Jones, Tallman The Sentinel The Sentinel, Bolivar's school paper, was organized in 1928 and has been published ever since. The first two years LeRoy Seeley edited the paper, and then in 1929-30 he was succeeded by Robert Sawyer. Miss Marion Tallman has been the adviser since the paper was started. The paper was published these three years under considerable handicap due to poor equipment. This year The Sentinel was started with an entirely new staff and an electric mimeograph. The staff was elected from Miss Tallman’s English classes with Byron Whitford as editor. This staff was larger than any of the previous ones because there were more departments and grades to be taken care of. The paper was published every Wednesday until January, when the day was changed to Tuesday. Every Monday evening following the mid-year examinations, the staff met at the school house to collect and print the news. Tuesday morning a bugle announced that The Sentinel would be distributed that day. The price was five cents a copy or a year's subscription could be obtained for one dollar. The Sentinel is very grateful to Miss Marion Tallman, its founder. It was through her ingenuity that it has grown to be the Sentinel for all the activities of Bolivar Central School. We hope that next year's Sentinel will be as good as the previous ones have been and that the staff will have as enjoyable a time doing the work as we have had. 147 1 hKriVi m ccsw Case, Clarke. Tyler, Ward, Tallman, Richardson Lovitz, White, Sawyer, Davis, Root, Newton The Gusher For two years The Gusher has become a reality. The first year it formed a successful experiment, the second year an endeavor to improve upon the book of 1930. The staff in 1930 was composed of the entire English IV class, but due to the larger school another plan of selection was deemed wise. As a result of varied experiments it was discovered that Juniors and Seniors were best fitted for the work. Consequently a boy for editor, a girl for assistant editor, and the remainder of the staff should be elected from this group. May The Gusher if carried on in future years have the ideals of its founders embodied in each edition. Lest those who follow and those not in the staff itself, forget these aspirations of its first two years, may we record them here. 1. The Gusher will contain the most unbiased, accurate account of events procurable. It will be influenced by no unworthy motive whatsoever. 2. The Gusher will each year have a purpose beyond that of the ordinary yearbooks. It will commemorate a great event, immortalize worthy ideal or person, or vivify the ultimate purpose, the future of a great undertaking of Bolivar and its school. 3. The Gusher will have as its highest aim the rendering permanent of all that the true lovers of Bolivar Central School hold most dear. 4. The Gusher will be fine, sincere, worth while. With these reminders we confidently and proudly trust the future of “Our Gusher to you who follow after us. cue ecsccc Sortore, Shannon, Allen, Donnelly, Kirchcasser, Sawyer, Potter, Whitford, Simons. Newton, Shavalier, W. Clark, Harrington White, Bartley, C, Clark, Dougherty, Case Henry Simmons Mrs. Simmons Ethyl Simmons Chester Bmney Donald Swift Letty Lythe . Sally Otis “The Whole Town’s Talking” Byron Whitford Helen Potter Mary K. Dougherty Russel Case Roy White Ruth Harrington Elizabeth Bartley Roger Shields Harold Newton, Robert Sawyer Lila Wilson Carmen Clark Sadie Bloom Maxine Simons Taxi-Driver Wrayburn Clark Mrs. Jackson and Others Girls of Class Director . . Miss Helen Martiny “The Whole Town's Talking, and how, what about? Why, the Senior Play. They had a right to talk, for the play presented by the Class of '31 proved to be a riot from beginning to end. Despite an unusually large class, all but a very few were on the stage in one scene. You wouldn’t believe that peace-loving Wrayburn Clark could cause so much trouble as he did by merely doing his duty; or that jolly old Roy White could go as far as to get angry and threaten to kill somebody; but almost anything might happen in love and war. After a little persuasion and a few bright ideas by the play's old man, Byron Whitford, Russ Case was led to extreme measures in trying to get a wife. The two of them faked a love affair and, lo and behold, who should appear but the movie queen, Ruth Harrington, and her fiance to put some thrills in the play. Once in a while there were serious moments only to be interrupted by “Lizzy Bartley and Carmen Clark who relieved the awful nervous tension of the audience. When it was thought that everything was straightening out, Maxine Simons arrived and upset the boat again. It turned out all right, though,and everybody got just whom they wanted except poor Harold Newton, and he probably has found someone by now. Of course you remember how Bob Sawyer had to express Harold's disappointment! f 49} €� € CCMuT Sherwood, J Dougherty, Schapfner. Phillips, G. Ackerman, Lovrrz Hibbard. E. Ackerman, E. Dougherty. Kirchgas er. Schmidt Dramatic Club Dramatic activities of the year, though few in number, laid an excellent foundation for such work in the future. The outstanding features of the year's presentations were the three one-act plays “Good Medicine, Jazz and Minuet, and Submerged, in January; the performance of “Submerged at Olean, in March, in competition with three other high school dramatic clubs; and the contest at Ithaca, in May, in which Submerged was entered. The initial performance of a pageant, Safety for America,” during National Safety Week in October, pointed to the success of each phase of dramatic work which was undertaken later in the season. A Community Song service Armistice Day won much acclaim from the public, as did also a pageant presented Christmas. The interest manifested by such a large number of students in dramatic work was most encouraging even though numerous difficulties and handicaps had to be coped with. The decision of the Student Council to promote such an organization recognizing Mr. Coplai as director of its enterprises, suggested the elimination of the traditional class plays and the establishment of a real “guild” in which keen rivalry for roles should result in finer performances. These aims were happily evidenced in the selection of the cast and their performance.; of Submerged. rTi 'i t (i« « Let the Banker Guide and Guard Your Investments Confidence in the professional ability of your banker is just as essential as confidence in the pro-fessional ability of your doctor or lawyer. When confidence is properly established, the banker can serve his customers best. WE PAY 4% ON SAVINGS ACCOUNTS THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK There is a Spirit of Helpfulness in the Rational Banl{ BOLIVAR, NEW YORK BOYS WILL BE BOYS But to be a man, start early with a comprehensive under' standing of the scheme of life. One of the first essentials is learning to save. A jolly old age is the result of a savings account in youth. No large amount needed to start an account. STATE BANK OF BOLIVAR “THE BA K WITH THE CHIME CLOCK BOLIVAR, N. Y. Capital $60,000 Surplus and undivided profits $150,000 52 Compliments of POTTER WARD A. J. WATSON General Contractors BOLIVAR, N Y. All kinds ot' shop work, cupboards, mantels, counters, bookcases, screens, and screendoors. Compliments of BLISS 6? BLISS EASTMAN BARBER SHOP Up-to-date Shaving Parlors Expert Hair Bobbing BOLIVAR, N. Y. Compliments of Compliments of HOTEL BOLIVAR BELMONT LUMBER CO. BOLIVAR, N. Y. COMPLIMENTS OF COMPLIMENTS OF SHEPARD 6? SON DUNN’S Funeral Director Lady Assistant OUR BUSINESS IS ONE THAT SERVICE BUILT JEWELRY STORE Graduation Gifts a Specialty j Calls answered day or night Phone 282 BOLIVAR, N. Y. 53 compliments of DIAMONDS We buy direct from the cutter and save CITIZENS you the middleman'profit. Come here i NATIONAL BANK for your engagement ring. WARD’S JEWELRY STORE WELLSVILLE. NEW YORK Jewelers to people “who know since 1881 WELLSVILLE. N. Y. THE LARGEST JEWELRY STORE IN ALLEGANY COUNTY Compliments of CANNON CLOTHING CO. WELLSVILLE. N. Y. 1 1 DR. F. S. BURLINGAME FRIENDSHIP, N. Y. ALEXANDER'S BOOK A HD WALL PAPER STORE WELLSVILLE, N. Y. Hamilton Shoe Store Tip LIGHT LUNCHES 1 A1C REFRESHING DRINKS OclSlS Dancing No Cover Charge F. M. STONE General Merchandise QUALITY SHOES Phone 221 RICHBURG. N. Y. ARCH PRESERVER NUNN'BUSH BOSTONIANS Compliments of Wellsville, New York FIRST TRUST COMPANY Phone 240W WELLSVILLE, N. Y. Capital, Surplus, Undivided Profits over S425.000.00 54 F. J. PARKER The Rexall Store DRUGS, STATIONERY TOILET ARTICLES PAINTS and KODAKS Bolivar, ?T. Compliments of ACME MILLING CO. BOLIVAR, N. Y. 55 24'Hour Service We make a specialty of body and fender work, also Duco painting. We have factoryArained men for this work. We carry Harrison Radiator Cow ers in cloth for all cars. If in need of a radiator, we can reduce your cost nearly 50%. Complete stock of windshield and door glass at all times. BOLIVAR GARAGE, INC. D. W. GRAVES, PRESIDENT PHONE 43 BOLIVAR, N. Y. COMPLIMENTS of CASE 2? LEWIS Market Basket INC. BOLIVAR, N. Y. HARDWARE PLUMBING CYRIL V. EBEREL HEATING Insurance BURKE’S PUMPS Representing Mutual Life Insurance Co. SILENT AUTOMATIC of New York OIL BURNERS STATE BANK BUILDING Phone [97 urn) 3W 56 Compliments of LARKIN STORE BOLIVAR, N. Y. Compliments of F. A. LOOP SON Bolivar, N- Y. Compliments of ED. WEISMAN OIL WELL SUPPLY Complete Line of Oil Well Supplies cm BOLIVAR, N. Y. complimehts of FRICK ' REID SUPPLY CORP. INC. Oil Well Supplies BOLIVAR, N. Y. COMPLIM.EHTS OF Miller’s Ice Cream Parlor { LIGHT LUNCHES - - - COOL DRINKS Bolivar, N. Y. Compliments of R. C. RESSLER Dry Goods Store BOLIVAR, N. Y. Shop at the PEOPLES’ CLOTHING STORE and Save CLOTHING FOR MEN AND BOYS FURNISHINGS • - - SHOES AND RUBBERS 1 Quality Merchandise at Lower Prices BOLIVAR, N. Y. 57 Compliments of BAKER 6P GELDER Men’s Outfitters Merchant Tailors OLEAN HOUSE BLOCK OLEAN, N. Y. WALTER SMITH MODERN FURNITURE DEALER Outfit Tour Home from Smith's CERES, NEW YORK Compliments of LANG’S Hardware and Furniture OLEAN, N. Y. fllMii (Soil (Satr ■4- ■ A FINE PLACE TO DINE Choice Meals - - - Reasonable ■4 .y. flortmllp Nriu $nrk Hanifan Maroney Co. OLEAN'S BEST SHOE STORE Florsheim’s for Men Arch Preservers Foot Savers for Women Willard’s Music Store Everything and Anything Pertaining to Music BALDWIN PIANOS Choice of Great Masters and Singers TELEPHONE 5012 229 North Union Street Olean, N. Y. Compliments of LEO J. DUGAN CO. QUALITY JEWELERS Masonic Temple Olean, N. Y. Hart Schaffner and Marx GRADUATION SUITS $30 With White Flannels Included Other -2 Trouser Suits-—$16.75 up gavin-McCarthy 58 Jewelers Since 1865 OTTO MILLER 6? SON Gifts of Quality for All Occasions PHONE 7362 OLEAN, N. Y. CASEY MUSIC STORE 233 N. Union Street Olean, N. Y. BRAMBACH GRAND PIANOS EVERYTHING MUSICAL Davis Clothing Company OLEAN, N. Y. JOHN FITZGERALD, M.S. ETES EXAMINED GLASSES PROPERLY FITTED Room 512 First National Bank OLEAN, N. Y. COMPLIMENTS OF C. H. SMITH 6? SONS CO. Department Stores OLEAN, N. Y. Compliments of dr. McCarthy Higgins Bros. WELLSVILLE W ellsville, 7 [- T. Headquarters for : Louisa Oleott Silk Frocks, Goldstripe Silk Stockings, 40oG� Printzes Coats and Suits. Harper Frederick's Permanent Waving. Harper p Shampoo and Treatment. Manicuring, Beauty pinger Waving, Marcelling, Facials. SilOp Phone toy R BOLIVAR M. C. BASCOM 6? COMPANY Phones. Office 121. Residence 181 BOLIVAR, N. Y. compliments of Used Oil and Gas Well Supplies, Wood J. J. KENNEDY Tanl{s and Receivers, Pulleys, Shaftings and 51 Boss Street, Bolivar, New York Hangers. Pipe Cut and Threaded. 59 COMPLIMENTS of SAMUEL RYAN R. B. MOORE OIL WELL SUPPLIES JARECKI OIL WELL SUPPLIES SINCLAIR OILS JOSEPH REID GAS ENGINES AND FOWERS WORTHINGTON PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS ■Ewa. WE CONTRACT TO INSTALL PRESSURE PLANTS AND PUMPING UNITS COMPLIMENTS OF E. L. ROOT Agent lor Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. Phone 63W BOLIVAR. N. Y. Lyric Theatre SOUND PICTURES AT THEIR BEST Bolivar, N. Y. Compliments of BOLIVAR GLYCERINE CORPORATION ♦ Oil and Gas Well Shooting ♦ A. W. SHANER. President Phone 51J C. A. CHAMBERLAIN. Manager Phone 27 60 Shop at Covill’s Jewelry Store When inWellsville Don’t forget that we reset your diamonds while you wait. We can show I you the latest settings. Do not jeopardize the safety 1 of your diamonds by sending them away. E. B. COVILL 6? SONS “ Home of the Square Deal COMPLIMENTS OF Roc well Bros. Co. WELLSVILLE, N. Y. — WELDING — Electric and Acetylene Boiler and Tank Repairing Headquarters for Sluice Pipe D. S. DEMPSEY SON Phone 72 M, 132'R Bolivar, N. Y. YOU BREAK TJM - - WE FIX 'UM ' HOWARD STOLL Dry Cleaning Pressing Old Clothes gwen their original lustre by complete process WELLSVILLE, N. Y. Compliments of Best Wishes to Class of 1931 SANDY WERTMAN STIMSON 6? BELL Compliments of W. A. COOPER Bolivar, J'f. T. Hardware Nichols 6? Nichols BOLIVAR, N.Y. GENERAL INSURANCE Phone 82-R Bolivar, N. Y. 61 BOLIVAR MKT. CO. Fresh and Salt Meats Poultry, Fish, and Oysters FREE DELIVERY Phone 18 COMPLIMENTS OF I 1: Kenyon Andrus Post No. 772 American Legion BOLIVAR, N. Y. NEW YORK STATE OIL PRODUCERS ASS’N ORGANIZED I 9 I 8 To More Closely Unite the Petroleum Producers of New YorJ( State Compliments of DR. HACKETT BOLIVAR, N. Y. McEwen Bros. Oil Well Supply Company COMPLETE STOCK Bolivar, N. Y. COMPLIMENTS OF John M. Stoll AND Anthony Ciampa Washington Restaurant ORIENTAL DISHES A SPECIALTY Bolivar, T'l. T. COMPLIMENTS OF CHAS. F. REPP BOOK AND NOVELTY STORE BOLIVAR, N. Y. 62 Alfred University A Class “A College of Opportunity Offered Courses in: SCIENCE LIBERAL ARTS CERAMIC ENGINEERING PRE MEDICAL APPLIED ART MUSIC SUMMER SCHOOL PRE DENTAL PRE LAW Standards of Scholarship are high. Expenses are moderate. Tuition is free in the New York State School in clay working and ceramics. Convenient for students of Western New York. For further information address the registrar, Alfred, N. Y. The New Willys 97 Model Is the Greatest Value in Willys Overland History Roadster F. O. B $495.00 Portable Roadster F O B 675.00 Coupe F. O. B. . 565.00 Coach F. O. B 595.00 Club Sedan F. O. B 625.00 Sedan — 6 Windows, F. O. B . 675.00 WILLYS 8-80D Victoria Coupe DeLuxe ....... 1095.00 Sedan......................... 995.00 Sedan DeLuxe.................. 1095.00 BIG 66D Victoria Coupe DeLuxe........ 1195.00 Sedan........................ 1095.00 Sedan DeLuxe.................. 1195.00 Call and Drive Them MAXSON ROOT 54 Olean Street Phone 114 M ELECTRIC SERVICE One of the things we de' pend upon most — and appreciate least. ASSOCIATED GAS and ELECTRIC SYSTEM Lots For Sale on South Plum Street 60 x 122 Lot For Sale on Shaner Avenue Inquire of A. L. SHANER H. J. MORAN Barber Shop Up-to-Date Hair Cutting MODERATE PRICES Compliments of SHERMAN LYONS 63 THE ACHIEVEMENT • r X T OF AN IDEAL ‘t 4 • � •v ■ A w-v; , � ♦ ♦ + -T-.i ' Vi ' YEARBOOK is more than a • . „ ' series of printed pages f und into a cover. It is the result of hours lit. of anxious thought and patient, persistent effort. The staff of The � :5 Gusher have accepted a real responsibility, and they have pro- • duced a book of which they may well be proud. We feel sure that you who turn these pages and re-live the events of the year just % concluded, will join us in congratulating them. • In our humble capacity as pub- lishers, it has been a privilege to be associated with the production of this book. Perhaps we have in a small way caught some of the - enthusiasm displayed by the staff itself, for in our hands the pro- duction of a yearbook becomes a very personal matter. � We are justly proud of the con- ► 5 fidence placed in our ability to produce a book in keeping with the ideals of the staff and school which sponsor it. We earnestly hope that this feeling of confidence will persist, and that it will be our •� • privilege to place the facilities of our organization at the service of the yearbook staff of Bolivar Central School through successive • 0 years. • . — ; BAKER-JONES- HAUSAUER, Inc. ► 45'5I CARROLL ST., BUFFALO, N.Y. 1 1 '• ' •4.., I ■ :- � . .v . 64 . 'i - - V- . r- -A-: .- - . . v.- •-■ •; - ■ . ‘ ! .sr',-‘ • . ' . ,v .v. . c K • ‘ •. ?� ' , ‘ v-w ;• . T- ? ' •• .’ • . v . v i5� r- • • xferr •:' • •. . %..•- - ■: - -■ v- • . • .. £! •• S v, Vr.-iV ‘ - -. { . fc : . - ;-r fev?SSJ; f -'c-. . ■■■'■ K£ - V . X rZ ‘ T •. . - . • - ; • ' • wt -.-.y • ; .. ■ r -v. - . - • v- •• • '• '■• J £ ' .., • . “t X .'V V _. .. - • ' - ' ■ ■■'■■ . ,,vr . - ■ . . • - v I • • -■ jgp- r 'V' ■, . . ■ - V : • -« ' '•■.- -. ■ •- . - ■ ■ ■ ' ■- . • •••■-.■ : : ■’ :v • ■ ■ • - ■; .; . £££'f.. :J ■ r WT Tv' z • '. v H V ., .▼ • ••ViT Hs ' ..V-' , , x; rk t • • ' - '. 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