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Page 13 text:
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f CVE 21 AT BELFAST When Hitler's hordes began to terrorize Europe, Con- gress encouraged Naval Aviation. 14 .lune 1940, it raised the number of naval planes from 3,000 to 4,500. The next day it jumped the ante to 10,000 and four days later to 15,0001 At last, 19 June, a measure was passed containing the statement that this number could be exceeded wif, in the judgment of the President, it provef' insufficient to meet the needs of national defenses When Pearl Harbor was attacked the President did raif-Q the naval air complement to 27,500 planes. The Navy enlarged its training program, preparing to train 30,000 pilots a year as well as a proportionate num- ber of technicians and other aviation personnel. Seven- teen flight preparatory, 90 war training service, live pre-flight, 13 primary and two intermediate schools were established. The Navy had but seven carriers: SARATOGA, LEX- INGTON, YORKTOWN, ENTERPRISE, RANGER, WASP and HORNET. It was fortunate that the Japa- nese attack on Pearl Harbor was against battleships, not so essential in the early days of the war as carriers. After that malicious attack 7 December 1941, plans were made at once to build more carriers. The Japanese already outnumbered us in this class of ship. The Navy had experimented with a smaller type of carrier for escort purposes and had already built some which it loaned to the United Kingdom. I These small escort ci refs. ilu:-1 first wi 10,000 tons, could be built quick? , operate small air group, anzl be lost with-'J R lt viendous expense in man or air Q CVE is one cf the great stories we 1 .'..scLs- xl vsrs me quickly- realized. Before -1 12,c1f:.5y or Q 1 .Jfcit were ,flying our flag an . 3-13. -f'f- '- iff 1 l'iTll,l'iii1 Comm incl. Tizsjg pw' aut Elazif,-E-3.4. 231.1 sunk in heroic fi-me fist- 1,535 'Sfil..if3iill1i .'iiiQ,,'f1ND was the first 4111.13 -malty . . fifavg carrier lest in the Atlantic. Subse- iiiiex-.tiy G' l..lf5QIfQlWflB BAY, ST. LQ, 5-AMli.lER BAYQ 93'f'v'i7fYi.ln1 if' RAY, and iH.?9Mf2 SFA., met the enemj 'si 1'-:cf-ivcd a mcrtal wound in the Pacific. finite me .7f'i:,nyi's -4-se:-art carriers proved their ability to -iperate as ills: 'igxzcisical air support of ground forces, .Le big c:.1'rEfwn's '-Vere left free to ,comb the seas on inde- pendent strategic missions. Acting as spotters, support carrier pilots directed the bombardment of surface ships and of shore-ba:-ed artillery. They made uncount- able low-level attacks --an lapanese pill-boxes, machine- gun nests, and other targets beyond the range of other fcvring, of artillery. They ilew in low, hitting over hills and around corners. Escort carrier pilots also flew countless reconnaissance and observation hops, local combat air patrols, anti-submarine patrols and air-sea rescue missions. They laid smoke screens, dropped food. water, ammunition and first-aid equipment to isolated patrols, and even reduced malaria and typhus casualties by actually spraying the beaches with the DDT on or before every D-Day.
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Page 12 text:
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THE -IGHTI G -L0 K ,S AN GET RE DY CVE 21 IN THE ATLANTIC CVE-21 was built on a R13 hull in Seattle-Tacoma Shipyards at Tacoma, Washixigtcan and commissioned at Bremerton on 8 March 1943. At an impressive ceremony the ship was accepted by the Navy and Captain Logan C. Ramsey, USN, was placed in command. The ship was named for Blmgk island, a small island off the Rhode Island shore. After a shakedown cruise in the lyacilie the ship made two trips from New York to the United Kingdom travelling through submarine infested waters to deliver essential aircraft to the European front. Q . Ya if fi A? 6 ! 5 i. , ,fm ri l t E I
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Page 14 text:
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BLOODHOUN OLP PACK In the Atlantic naval aviators sank 65 Germanusub- marines, more than half the total credited to the entire United States Navy. It is indisputable that carrier avia- tion swung the pendulum to victory in the Battle of the Atlantic. In 1942 U-Boats were sinking one in every 233 ships. That ratio dropped sharply in 1943 when escort carriers began to be used, and continued to drop until by 1944 only one in every 1,000 ships were sunk. In their counter-offensive the wolf packs tried a new trick-they remained submerged during the day and attacked at night. In January and February of 1944 these new tactics were successful. Then the USS BLOCK ISLAND developed new maneuvers. Our escort carriers began flying at night and, from that point on, the shadow of disaster deepened over the German sub- marines. Navy torpedo planes, flying from tl1e deck of the USS BLOCK ISLAND QCVE 21D were the first, also, to attack with airborne rockets. IHP WOII IRIIS I0 SUBNII Rfl A.lvI,M.K Ma UN, -f I r rf ,
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