Badoeng Strait (CVE 116) - Naval Cruise Book

Page 7 text:

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7 f came fawt The submarine first became a major factor in naval warfare during World War I when Germany demonstrated its full potentialities. However, its advent at that time, marked by the wholesale sinkings of Allied shipping, was in reality the culmination of a long process of development. Ancient history includes occasional records of attempts at underwater operation in warfare, but in none of these records is there a direct reference to the use of submersible apparatus of any kind. In 1580, a British Naval officer, William Bourne, designed an enclosed boat which could be submerged and rowed under the surface but it was never built. During the period up to the civil war many submarines of all types were patented and many were actually seaworthy and able to submerge for short periods of time. In the Revolutionary War, a submarine was first used as an offensive weapon in Naval warfare when the Turtle , a one man submersible invented by David Bushnell, attempted to sink a British man of war in New York Harbor ; but its effectiveness was limited to forcing the ship to move to a new berth. Lack of propulsion held the development of tiie submarine back until about 1900 when the Holland shipyard designed and built what proved to be the basic design of all future submarines. The vessel was propelled by steam while on the surface and by electricity when submerged. At the end of the first three years of World War I it appeared that the Germans were winning the war with their U-Boat fleet. They were being built faster than they were being destroyed and allied shipping was bearing the brunt of their fur) ' . One out of every four vessels that left the British Isles during April 1917 never returned. Not until the United States entered the war in April 1917 and after the convoy system was evised, did tin- tide of battle turn in favor of the Allies.