Athens State College - Columns Yearbook (Athens, AL)

Text from Pages 1 - 160 of the 1959 volume:

f Footprints in the Sands cf Tiitkz t ' ■ ' 4 ' HE 1959 ; NS • llber«l arta oolkfc «  « by prtrtottc cttJien ■ «kr MethodM patrtMie fW coUue balHiM. f« « r Hill (IM2-T; •till ncd fcr cUttei Wrofcen KTYke tlncc IR22 I presents . Athens 1822 m : { « -r -««ff -r. .-- : College 1959 Footprints m the Sands of TIME ' ... .«. ,..••.♦♦ ' hAr Robert Cov ° Dedication : 5Si V TO MR. ROBERT COWAN . . .because of your interest in each student as an Individual and in the school as a whole, . . .for your kindness, friendliness, and helpfulness to everyone, . . .and for your outstanding contribution as an instructor in English and drama . . .the Columns Staff dedicates the 1959 COLUMNS to you with sincere thanks and appreciation. ' ■sv.iiixe iaasK; - ' j o ;! «3tT ii ii ' :  s.-:; f. a c KTi iWKWJ. tfi■t .iK-s;.« . waters Science Hall Facilities u „ „e work, ' ' W ' - P ' ° ' we grow. ese vwViere Sanders Hall - Girls Dormitory . . ' McCandless Hall Auditorium Brown Hall President ' s Home Health and Physical Education Building- Gymnasium and Swimming Pool The student is our raw material. Every student is an opportunity, a challenge. His alert mind and lively interest are a part of that material. Raw Material . . . Capacity For Fun Capacity . . . Webster defines capacity as the ability to grow, to learn, to do. This is a part of our educ ational process at Athens College. Here we increase our capacity for work, for planning and for fun. Capacity for work mi y 10 % Capacity For Planning Investments For The Future 1 . Investments Every student is contin- ually making investments for his future. Each mo- ment of study, of prac- tice, of relaxation pre- pares him for a richer, fuller life. Students Register for Classes 11 Carrie Evans checks S.G.A, records with Mrs. White. Our Expenditures No good thing is without cost. For each penny invested, the greatest possible dividend is returned. That is one of the basic principles of Athens College. Mr. Levine instructs Lynn Parham, Charles Edwards, and Steve Copeland in laboratory technique. 12 The long hours of in- vestment plus our ex- penditures unite with student imagination to produce many things: well rounded athle- tic teams, splendid dramatic presenta- tions, and many lifelong friends. Technical staff for Don Juan in Hell Time our for lunch during Founder ' s Day Activities ona vv ' o ° ' g| I V- V V-, ' , 14 faco AW ?TO ' cess orvo , ci n9 9 ° ' ,(iuoV on e er cvses 15 In Memoriam - 1 f liff fwrninaaaiMlattiti- It is with grateful hearts that we pause to pay tri- bute to the memory of Dr. E. C. Unnewehr. What a wonderful priviledge we have had to be able to know one with such a cheerful smile and an abun- dant spirit of kindness. He was a man who was en- tirely devoted to his work. He spent his life giving the most precious gift of all; that of knowledge. As we remember Dr. Unnewehr, we all agree that he is one of those rare people whose life has been a blessing. We can look back on our associations with him and truly say, It was good to have known him. 16 CONTENTS - . s ■ ' ■■■ ' ' . ' . ' ■ ■ ' Features Activities Athletics Physical Education Classes Administration Supporters VM- N TT rf. ' - m- i -lf f JtliAA tficita Colleqe Miss Barbara Griffin, who has been elected to many positions of honor and responsibility at Athens, climaxed all previous honors by being chosen by the Student Body as Miss Athens College for 1959. Barbara has previously been elected Founder ' s Queen for 1959 and Queen of Hearts for 1958. She has also participated In many other campus activities and organizations including the Athens College Choir, the Athens College Community Theatre, and the Athens College Cheerleaders. Barbara ' s sincerity, ability, and willingness to work reveals her interest in Athens. Her warm friendly smile is known to everyone on campus. 20 ' ' - Banbana Qni iin ynn. Itfteni CoUeqe J. C. (Jake) Bailey received long-deserved recognition In being selected Mr. Athens College of 1959. Jake, characterized by being friendly and courteous, has contributed very much to the campus life at Athens College. Only the persons and organizations with which he has been associated have been completely aware of his willingness and abilities. 23 A scholarship student, Jake, is a member of the Athens College Golden Bears, the A Club, and the Sigma Tau Delta - National English Fra- ternity. The students are pleased to call Jake Bailey their friend and to con- gratulate him as a very deserving Mr, Athens College. ake Baileif inita Bnoadwai 24 Janice Bannett i 25 Bedt jDiedde ocj 27 ■ i ' ■ ' m aco Wt Bdif . ' ' r TTtait Studious Sanah J ick Baqqett 30 J: - hw c ' . 3V -■ - B [ ( if WlcCnacfecti Jai e SHoemaken. . . 31 )  -•• « .■% - 1 - ' . ' ■H ■ .- 7j. • ii •s ' ;■« ' ' ;. :. ' - ' -  T« ' --.-T -A V.:;vid?r3rii r. ' . ' l d ' . Hafiold Ihonnton .J 7ommifc 7h m 2 n IIJU «)| -%«••. «1«- — « ri - 1 p I ; llif Kinqa d Qu o Health .u. 3ounden ' Queen 59 Banbana Qnittin 34 Xei QinU 35 3oundefi ' a Queen • ttendant Loninda Wilcox 36 Canolifn Clement c _ v . ' f K ■ . . Inita Baoadiuaif ( X 3ounden. ' {i Qiftnie Retd Pe if MlcCu[Iocfi ■ 38  , 9auo ited Chanl ytte Veiael jDoitfta Shaw 39 Activities STUDENT GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION EUGENE WILCOX The Student Government Association helps students govern themselves and helps administer the greater part of student activity. The association en- deavors to promote school spirit and activities in which all students can take part. All members of the association cabinet appreciate the assistance and en- couragement v hich has been given them by students and faculty. They v ish to thank especially Professor John Ramsden, Dr. E. C. Paustian and Mrs. Helen Akens. EUGENE WILCOX President 42 STUDENT GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION DAY CABINET MEMBERS. LEFT TO RIGHT: Tommye Thompson, Bobby Clemmons, Pat Miles, Gene Wilcox, Carrie Lee Evans, Billy York, and Ka ' therine James. The Student Government Association is comprised of all members of the student body and is the major agent for the administration of student affairs. During 1958-1959 the Day and Evening school cabinets, under the leadership of President Eugene Wil- cox, made an outstanding contribution to student life at Athens College. NIGHT CABINET MEMBERS: Joseph Richards, Charles Mc- Lemore, B. Jack Reith- maier, and Billy J. Sandlin. • _■ . :V T x- ' A - V STUDENT CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION JEAN FRANKS - President TRUDELL FRANKUN - Vice-President f DEAN McMINN Secretary -Treasurer 44 The Studenf Christian Association is organized to give every student an opportunity to express himself in Christian Brotherhood. The group sponsors regular vesper meetings in which students and faculty are called upon to give talks of a religious nature and to discuss openly and honestly contem- porary social needs and problems that arise in the college. The association also sponsors Morning Watch services and the annual Religious Emphasis Week. -f . nix PI TAU CHI FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: Royce Dunn, Mrs. John C. Glenn, Dr. A.E. Middlebrooks, Peggy McCuUoch, Dr. E.G. Unnewehr, Katherine James, and Dr. E.G. Paustian. MINISTERIAL ASSOCIATION FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: Dr. N.F. Forsyth, Leon Willis, R.D. Pius, Welton ' ■Buddy- Hayes, Neil Hodo, John P. Ray, W.E. Fears, Billy York, Wayne Vickers, Ken- neth By rum, and Dr. A.-E. Middlebrooks. 45 ROBERT COWAN Director ONE FOOT IN HEAVEN ATHENS COLLEGE COMMUNITY THEATER Carolyn Vann Libby Roach Grady Hatchett Buddy Hayes Randy Fosseft GInnie Reid Katherine James Bob Patton Margaret Vann Janet Calhoun Dean McMinn AA MEMBERS Anita Broadway Carole Orman Joyce Riddle Pat Miles Carolyn Clement Morton Banks Clay Mann Trudell Franklin Carrie Lee Evans Jim. Currie Tommy Raley Gene Benton Joe Bogue Bill Chandler Barbara Griffin Donna Shaw Evelyn Hi Hard Marion Allfrey Jean Franks Esco McBay William Fears Wayne Vickers Barbara Shipp CHAPTER MEMBERS: Buddy Hayes, Mor- ton Banks, Gene Ben- ton, Katherine James, Bobby Patten, Grady Haichett, Dean McMinn, and Robert Cowan. DELTA PSI OMEGA The Athens College Chapter of Delta Psi Omega, National Dramatics Fraternity, is comprised of students and faculty members who meet the requirements of sustained activity in the college dramatics program. DIAL ' M ' FOR MURDER 47 WOMEN ' S COUNCIL: Laverne Dixon, Barbara Harper, Trudell Franklin, Evelyn Hlllard, Jean Franks, Gene Wilcox-S.G. A. President, Carrie Evans, and Libby Roach. SOCIAL COMMITTEE: Dick Baggett, Donna Shaw, Esco McBay, Jean Franks, Neal Hodo, Trudell Franklin, Clay Mann, and Faye Shoemaker. 48 ATHENS COLLEGE CHOIR FIRST ROW, LEFT TO RIGHT: Jean Franks, Peggy McCulloch, Lorinda Wilcox, Sarah Light, Barbara Griffin, Donna Shaw, Anita Broadway. SECOND ROW: Gene Benton, Katherine James, Pat Miles, Joyce Rid- dle, Ginnie Reid, Carolyn Clement, Marian Allfrey, Libby Roach. THIRD ROW: Robert Fulmer, Tommy Raley, Jim Currie, Jimmy Mann, John P. Ray, Joe Bogue, Buddy Hayes, and Randy Fossett. GENE BENTON Director ATHENS COLLEGE MALE QUARTET Buddy Hayes, Randy Fossett, Frank Alford, and Tommy Raley. 49 Donna Shaw, Marian Allfrey, Charlotte Vessels, Dean McMlnn, Faye Shoemaker, Barbara Griffin, Anita Broadway. CHEERLEADERS Locomotive Locomotive! Steam Steam Steam, Give Fifteen Rah ' s For the Athens Team! THE A CLUB MEMBERS, FRONT ROW. LEFT TO RIGHT: Frank Alford, advisor Tommy Raley, Bobby Wiggington. SECOND ROW: Bobby McCrac ter, J.C. Bailey, Jimmy Mann. Faye Shoemaker and Robert Keenum, Co-Chairmen r. ' . Randy Fossett, Paul Hargrove, ken, Bobby Patron, Kenneth Lew- MEN AND WOMEN ' S INTRAMURAL ASSOCIATION The organization is made up of rep- resentatives from the student body who help publicize, plan and organize the various intramural activities on campus. Intramural activities include Touch Football, Volleyball, Basketball, Soft- ball, Swimming, Tennis, Horse shoes, Shuffle -board and Ping-pong. This group is in charge of the An- nual Awards Day Program at Athens College. Each winner of an intramural event is recognized and presented an appropriate award at this Annual Awards Day Program. A trophy is awarded to the group which has compiled the largest intra- mural activity points during this year. Sponsored and organized by the De- partment of Health, Physical Educa- tion and the Student Government Association. Miss Angeline Nazaretian - Faculty Advisor. 51 t O A? C . O ,-ttt THE ATHENIAN Carolyn Clement, Esco McBay, and Joyce Riddle read Grady Hatchett ' s column My Word. 52 Co-Editors review columns with the staff. STAFF 1958-1959 THE ATHENIAN The Athenian U the college newspoper, published by the students. The subscriptioiv CMt is included in the Activity Fee pcdd at registration. Charlotte Vessels and Tommye Thompson Royce Dunn and Grady Hatchett Esco McBay , Co-Editors Associate Editors Photographer Joyce Riddle, Carolyn Clement, Wilbum Scott Reporters Lee Woodward Advisor Night Representative Nathaniel Frederick Forsyth 53 ' ■ ' , Business Manag DE McMV THE COLUMNS STAFF, SEATED: Peggy McCulloch, Donna Shaw, Ginnie Reid, Jean Franks. STANDING: Grady Hat- chett, Carrie Lee Evans, Gene Wilcox, Esco Mc- Bay. ;rTv ' s;i. , Carrie Evans, Class Editor, and Evelyn Hillard, Business Manager, check with yearbook company concerning price lists. ■Sl-B ■ , STAFF 1958-1959 - ' ij«: ' W ' - V i« ) PHIL J. LEVINE Advisor ESCO McBAY - Photographer 55 JIMMY ASTON EUGENE WILCOX WELTON HAYES Huntsville, Alabama Ethelsville, Alabama Albertville, Alabama KATHERINE JAMES Athens, Alabama MARY BLUNDELL SARAH UGHT Huntsville, Alabama Falkville, Alabama ROYCE DUNN Dutton, Alabama NOT PICTURED HAROLD RALEY Athens, Alabama WHO ' S WHO IN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES 56 Selected on the basis of their academic standing, character, and leader- ship, eight Athens College students were named to WHO ' S WHO IN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. Names of those students selected will appear In the 1959 edition of WHO ' S WHO IN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGE, AND COLLEGES MEMBERS, SEATED, LEFT TO RIGHT: Wayne Vickers, Sarah Light, Peggy McCulloch, Royce Dunn. STANDING:. Katherine James, Grady Hatchett, Eugene Wilcox, J.C. Bailey, Carrie Lee Evans. Sigma Tau Delta National English Fraternity Kappa Zeta Chapter Organized specifically for English students, the Fraternity provides an outlet for individual creative writing and gives the student an opportunity to become acquainted with the work of English students all over the United States. Certain requirements and standards must be met by the students before they con enter the fraternity. Among these are high scholastic rating, and a manifested in- terest in English or closely allied fields. The Fraternity was begun by Dr. Herbert L. Hughes, Professor of English at Athens College. Dr. Hughes has had much experience in this particular phase of College English. He began several chapters of this fraternity in colleges he was associated with before coming to Athens College. 58 Founder s Day Parade - Jf-r t-y tk. . f ' ■■■■■■■ ■ •- ' ; ■ .i .- ' ■ ' ' ■ - RWm 2(: )LLEGE 136 YEARS OF PROGRES 1 ••..;■• • - % Cl Jl P R RYE R 1822 gti i FOUNDERS DAY m« 1 95 HEMSTRANE S A T i- CO LL E OC atcb Her n ' ' ' ' Dean You Cheated ' - 60 V too ' - •■ - _ Jf 4 - Who Me} Leave Him Alone, Do You Hear Me? pana Sfujie 61 AT ATHENS cv ' , 1 ! Marriage Bliss Health and Physical k Education Building, P Miss Nazaretian speaking. Vv -t I ' m Just a Sinful Ole Man 63 X, ■ - I Mwik k aiS ii ' l m m Athletics H|| B«T m Physical Education wv m • ' i Mfe . Golden ' C « TOMMY RALEY Guard ■ rr rff BILL HOMER Center PAUL HARGROVE Guard RANDY FOSSETT Guard Bears ' ■,0. - ' BASEBALL 1959 BILL HOMER CHRIS MORE JIMMY MANN BOBBY WIGGINTON BOB NEWTON LEON WILLIS ::WM£}: PHYSICAL Faye shoots a crip shot. It ' s good! Where ' s that Ball? Charlotte and Lorinda Jump one! EDUCATION How do you count this? Louise and Mildred measure the net height. 8 man pyramid in tumbling class s Now ! What do we Do! Neal Hodo works on the uampoline Archie shodts--as Bobby and Albert coach their teammates Pull, Kick and Glideeee Mr. Lewis! Tommy hits it with a smile ( ■«- ' .eSKTVr - % Thornton and the Wright brothers just lay back and float! rtrtWfl fHW W Katherine, Robert and Jane sit this one out! |jjj j.l m On your Mark- Get set Go! We can swim, too! I One --Two- -Three shuffle as Trudell counts die points. A Ring er for Ron ! Watch that Ball! Practicing that Forehand stroke ' mk. a$mmmmmmm Thompson strokes one Lewis looks on Nay lor Hall Football Intramural Champions Tommye Shoots and misses Pat tees off in croquet as Bobby, Jerry and Tommye watch  ■ m ,. SENIORS JAMES ASTON Huntsville Alabama JAMES CURTIS BAILEY Bailey ton Alabama STEVE DAVIS Tuscaloosa Alabama 82 SENIORS PAUL HARGROVE Athens Alabama 83 .iiL , SENIORS GEORGE WELTON HAYES Albertville Alabama KATHERINE JAMES Athens Alabama 84 SENIORS LAVONIA MANSFIELD Pulaski Tennessee SARAH LIGHT Fa Ik villa Alabama PIL WON KANG Seoul Korea 85 SENIORS PEGGY Mcculloch Decatur Alabama CLASS OFFICERS Buddy Hayes President Mary Blundell Vice-President Sarah Light Secretary Royce Dunn Reporter Katherine James Representative Mr. Gene Benton Advisor ALFRED POOLE Decatur Alabama 86 SENIORS .•.••,v. . ••.•.■ . ' •■•.V.V- ' W ' . ' . ' -V.VASk • .•.•..••.•.•.••tt ' tij TRUDIE B. ADAMS Athens, Alabama ELLAREE ADAMS ALVIS Athens, Alabama J. MARLIN ALVIS Athens, Alabama BOBBY W. BARNETT Ardmore, Tennessee r 1 i F 87 SENIORS JOHN S. BEAN Decatur, Alabama JOSEPHINE BECKETT Moulton, Alabama ANN BENGTSON HuntsvUle, Alabama MARY BLUNDELL HuntsvUle, Alabama 88 SENIORS BILLY B. BOWLES Decatur, Alabama CHILON C. BRAUDAWAY Decatur, Alabama WILUAM BRITZ Huntsville, Alabama EDWARD F. BULLINGTON Athens, Alabama 89 SENIORS EUGENE CAGLE Athens, Alabama MILTON COFFMAN Athens, Alabama GRACE DEMENT Athens, Alabama LAWRENCE B. FRAHN, JR. Decatur, Alabama 90 SENIORS FLINT GILLESPIE Hillsboro, Alabama MAE A. GRAY HuntsvlUe, Alabama GORMAN H. GRISHAM Decatur, Alabama DOROTHY HARTSELLE Hartselle, Alabama 91 SENIORS JAMES C. HERRING Huniiville, Alabama AUSTIN HICKS Decatur, Alabama BOYD HINTON. JR. Huntsville, Alabama ODELL HOLLADAY Huntsville, Alabama 92 SENIORS CHARLES E. HOWARD Decatur, Alabama LEONARD LOVE Huntsville, Alabama BERNARD D. MARSELLO Decatur, Alabama ELIZABETH MEEK Decatur, Alabama 93 SENIORS LeROY McCLENDON Hillsboro, Alabama CHARLES McLEMORE Decatur, Alabama R.C. ivlcNUTT Athens, Alabama REGINALD PARKS Huntsville, Alabama 94 SENIORS UTTLETON A. PARR Huntsville, Alabama WILUAMC. PENDLEY Decatur, Alabama HAROLD C . RALEY Athens, Alabama JACK RIETHMAIER Decatur, Alabama 95 SENIORS HAROLD RYAN Athens, Alabama BILLY SANDLIN Athens, Alabama D.R. SMITH Athens, Alabama DONALD EUGENE SMITHERMAN Guntersville, Alabama 96 SENIORS SADIE ST. JOHN Summerville , Alabama JAMES R. SULCER Athens, Alabama SAVOLA TEEL Decatur, Alabama BILLY J. TERRY Decatur, Alabama 97 SENIORS BETTIE POPE THOMPSON Town Creek, Alabama WAYNE WALES Decatur, Alabama CLASS OFFICERS Charles Howard. . . President L.A. Parr . . .Vice-President Ronald McNutt Secretary -Treasurer Jack Rlethmaier .Representative Bettie Thompson .Representative Judge D.L. Rosenau . . Sponsor 98 JUNIORS CHARLES ADERHOLT Decatur, Alabama JAMES A. ANDERS Decatur, Alabama BENTON BALL Athens, Alabama MORTON A. BANKS Hunisville, Alabama LAMAR BAUER Athens, Alabama ANITA BROADWAY Elkmont, Alabama 99 JUNIORS MARVIN BROWN Athens, Alabama BILLY CHRISTOPHER Athens, Alabama JAMES R. CURRIE Tallahassee, Florida KENNETH DISMUKES Decatur, Alabama FRED ELUOTT Athens, Alabama MAGGIE DEAN EVANS Elkmont, Alabama C If 1 100 JUNIORS MYRTLE EVANS Athens, Alabama TRUDELL FRANKUN Athens, Alabama HOMER GRAY Athens, Alabama JAMES W. GRAY Decatur, Alabama GRADY HATCHETT Sunnyvale, California EVELYN fflLLARD Athens, Alabama 101 JUNIORS JACK R. JAMES Huntsville, Alabama BOBBY JOHNSON Decatur, Alabama FREDERICK KOLB Huntsville, Alabama BUDDY LAUBENTHAL Athens, Alabama MARCUS LONG Decatur, Alabama RICHARD LOVELADY- Quinton, Alabama 102 JUNIORS C.C. MARTIN, JR. Decatur, Alabama BOBBY Mccracken Hamilton, Alabama WENDELL McKELVEY Moulton, Alabama DEAN McMINN Logan, Alabama E.L. NELSON Falkvllle, Alabama HERSCHEL OUZTS Huntsville, Alabama 103 JUNIORS BOBBY PATTON Decatur, Alabama HERBERT PITTS Athens, Alabama JOSEPH G. RICHARDS Athens, Alabama BARNEY H. ROBERTS Athens, Alabama BOBBY ROUN Ardmore, Tennessee CONSTANCE ROLIN Ardmore, Tennessee 104 JUNIORS PAUL SUTTON Athens, Alabama CHARLES STERNHAGEN Athens, Alabama JOE TINGLEY Athens, Alabama HAROLD THORNTON Clanton, Alabama CAROLYN VANN HuntsvlUe, Alabama JULUS W. VICKERS Gurley, Alabama 105 JUNIORS JANET WAGGONER Athens, Alabama BOBBY WIGGINTON Athens, Alabama EUGENE WILCOX Ethelsville, Alabama JANE WILLIS EUijay, Georgia .i H K ' Vkk LEE WOODWARD Athens, Alabama 106 CLASS OFFICERS DAY SCHOOL: Bobby Patton Randy Fossett Libby Roach . Anita Broadway Grady Hatchett Billy York . Mr. Robert Cowan NIGHT SCHOOL: Maggie Dean Evan Harold Smith Marvin Brown . William Gardner Joe Richardson . Mr. Fred Reed . . . President . Vice-President . . . Secretary . Treasurer . . Reporter . Representative . . . Advisor . , President . Vice-President . . . Secretary . Treasurer . Representative . . . Advisor BELTON ALDRICH Decatur, Alabama JANET CALHOUN Huntsville, Alabama BOBBY CLEMMONS Ethelsville, Alabama SOPHOMORES BILLY G. BASS Athens, Alabama CLIFFORD CAMPBELL Decatur, Alabama JERRY COBB Pulaski, Tennessee ALLEN BOWERS Decatur, Alabama MILTON CARROLL Athens, Alabama SARAH CORDER Athens, Alabama 107 SOPHOMORES WILSON CORDER Athens, Alabama CHARLES EDWARDS Athens, Alabama BARBARA GRIFFIN Prospect, Tennessee HERBERT COX, JR. Huntsville, Alabama RANDY FOSSETT Fort Payne, Alabama DOUGLAS HARDY Athens, Alabama ROBERT M. DRUMMONDS Gadsden, Alabama JEAN FRANKS Cordova, Alabama -W ' - .X 108 BARBARA HARPER Athens, Alabama SOPHOMORES LYLE HOLLADAY Danville, Alabama JIMMY MANN New Hope, Alabama C.W. MINNICK Athens, Alabama VERNON HURN Athens, Alabama ALVIA E. LANDERS. JR. Decatur, Alabama SHELBY MASSEY Decatur, Alabama DARLEEN MEANS Decatur, Alabama ELLA DEAN NELSON Falkville, Alabama CUFTON M. POOLE Madison, Alabama 109 JAMES E. POWER Toney, Alabama JOHN PARKS RAY Jasper, Alabama HUBERT RUF Athens, Alabama SOPHOMORES EZRA PURYEAR Athens, Alabama VIRGINIA REID Garden City, Alabama DONNA SHAW Decatur. Alabama TOMMY RALEY Vlnemont, Alabama VELMA ROBINSON Decatur, Alabama 110 CLEO TEAGUE Decatur, Alabama FRANKUN D. TURNEY Decatur, Alabama W.C. WAINSCOTT Athens, Alabama DAY OFFICERS Tommy Raley . President Jimmy Mann .... Vice-President Virginia Reid . Secretary Charles Edwards . Treasurer Donna Shaw . Reporter Margaret Vann and Joe Bogue . . Representatives SOPHOMORES MACK VANN Harvest, Alabama NELUE WEBSTER Athens, Alabama MARGARET VANN Harvest, Alabama KATHERYNE WISE Huntsville, Alabama NIGHT OFFICERS Darleen Means . President Bill Prince . Vice-President Sarah Corder . Secretary Wibon Croder . Treasurer Ralph Ledbetter. . . . Representative m FRESHMEN RICHARD BAGGETT Birmingham, Alabama JANICE BARNETT Huntsville, Alabama IRENE BAUGHER Harvest, Alabama BERNARD ALDRIDGE Danville, Alabama MARION ALLFREY Athens, Alabama RONNIE ARNETT Athens, Alabama MARY DELL BEDDINGFIELD Athens, Alabama RAY BLANKENSHIP Athens, Alabama J.H. BLAXTON Decatur, Alabama ALAN BURLESON Athens, Alabama JOHN D. BURNS Hartselle, Alabama TROY BUTLER Huntsville, Alabama 112 FRESHMEN JERRY BRADFORD Athens, Alabama J.C. BROOKS Athens, Alabama BILLY CAMPBELL Athens, Alabama CLARENCE CAMPBELL Decatur, Alabama LEWIS CARRAL Decatur, Alabama CAROLYN CLEMENT Decatur, Alabama JAMES CLEMMONS Ethelsville, Alabama STEPHEN COPELAND Athens, Alabama JOHN M. DeMENT Athens, Alabama PAUL A. DeVINE Decatur, Alabama JERALD DOUTHIT Athens, Alabama MARY FITZPATRICK Elkmont, Alabama 113 FRESHMEN THOMAS WAYNE FRANKUN Toney, Alabama PHILIP FRETWELL Huntsville, Alabama BILLY GARDNER Decatur, Alabama ROSS GARNER Athens, Alabama CLYDE GEORGE Decatur, Alabama IRA F. GEORGE Decatur, Alabama FRANCES GRANTLAND SomervlUe, Alabama BOBBY MACK GREENE Athens, Alabama RONALD GREEN Decatur, Alabama FRANK GRIFFIN Elkmont, Alabama DOROTHY W. GRUBBS Somerville, Alabama THOMAS RAY HALCOMB Vina, Alabama 114 JAMES EDWARD HILL Athens, Alabama NEAL HODO Tuscaloosa, Alabama WADE HOLLADAY Danville, Alabama FRESHMEN MARTHA FAYE HARPE Danville, Alabama DORIS MARIE HARRIS Athens, Alabama CAROLYN HILL Danville, Alabama CARROL KIMBRELL Athens, Alabama TOMMY KING Decatur, Alabama WILLIAM KINNEY Decatur, Alabama ERMA HOLT Elkmont, Alabama JAMES HUGHEY Huntsville, Alabama LOUISE JOHNSTON Athens, Alabama 115 FRESHMEN CARL LeCROIX Athens, Alabama -Qr M WILUAM LEE Athens, Alabama P m JAMES LEWIS T Tanner, Alabama - O 2 J JEANETTE LOONEY Athens, Alabama PATRICIA MILES Decatur, Alabama CHARLES MILLER Elkmont, Alabama CRISTOBAL MORE Havana, Cuba RONALD K. MUDGE Huntsville, Alabama ESCO McBAY Decatur, Alabama GORDON D. McCURRY Decatur, Alabama RICHARD McELYEA Athens, Alabama BOBBY L, NEWTON Athens. Alabama 116 FRESHMEN ARSENIO NOY Camaguey, Cuba TAMI OGLE Decatur, Alabama CAROL ORMAN Athens, Alabama RUTH PAGE Woodvllle, Alabama LYNN PARHAM Athens, Alabama MILDRED PARHAM Athens, Alabama RONALD PERRY Roslyn Heights, N. Y. R.D. PITTS Tanner, Alabama LEWIS PRATT Athens, Alabama MARGARET ANN RABY Harvest, Alabama TOMMY RABY Toney, Alabama MALCOMB RAY Decatur, Alabama 117 FRESHMEN LOUISE RAY Athens, Alabama JOYCE RIDDLE Decatur, Alabama ROBERT ROBISON Athens, Alabama LEONARD SANDERS Decatur, Alabama THOMAS SCOTT Athens, Alabama JAMES SHERRARD Decatur, Alabama BARBARA SHIPP Athens, Alabama FA YE SHOEMAKER Moulton, Alabama W.R. SITTASON Decatur, Alabama DELORES SMITH Athens, Alabama HOLLICE SMITH Athens, Alabama WIN FRED O. SMITHSON Vinemont, Alabama 118 FRESHMEN C.T. SWATZELL Decatur, Alabama TOMMYE THOMPSON Athens, Alabama BILLY THRASHER Decatur, Alabama JAMES B. THRONEBERRY Decatur, Alabama ROBERT E. THROWER Athens. Alabama JAMES H. TURNER Toney, Alabama CHARLOTTE VESSELS Athens, Alabama BOBBY WHITE Athens, Alabama DOVIE WHITE Decatur, Alabama LORIE WHITE Athens, Alabama JUDY WHITT Athens, Alabama TOLAN WHITTEN Hartselle, Alabama 119 FRESHMEN LORINDA WILCOX Ethebville, Alabama ALFRED WILKERSON Athens, Alabama BOBBY WILUAMS Athens, Alabama LEON WILLIS Mulga, Alabama JESSE WILSON Decatur, Alabama JAMES WRIGHT Hartselle, Alabama DAY CLASS OFFICERS Neil Hodo . . President Charlotte Vessels . . . Vice-President Joyce Riddle .... Secretary -Treasurer Carolyn Clement . . . Reporter Pat Miles, Tommye . . Thompson, and Ray . Blankenship .... Representatives MAUVOUNE YARBROUGH Athens, Alabama NIGHT CLASS OFFICERS Douglas Eubanks .President Carl LeCroix .... Vice-President Jeanette Looney . . . Secretary Betty Jones . . Reporter Robert Robinson and . . Mary Dell Beddingfield . Representatives Mrs. Billie May. Advisor 120 ' There, Cutie Administration i P n 1 1 j lllFlkM H H ■ 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Dear seniors: ■«i,5?£:.-??S ' a?jL;-S.STMiBJ a f..S;?A«i. I.. ' U,ii5i:£ ' l ' ( TTTF PRESIDENT Perry B. James II .Hcross the centuries n.en have written their nan.es in mortar and oniselea ther in i ' rainite always mth tne hope tney would be reco-ni ed bv tnose who follow, it is not enoup-h to build n.onuments. ' I ' ne friendships rnado snd the ineals gained at oollsge will be even more lasting than iiiterial rewards fained in later life. Thinking men snd women want their pooQ works to live in the hearts and minds of their fellowmen. They want to be of service to those who will cor.e after. You are here as truth seeker? and we hope the i ' lnowledre s- ' ained on this ca-nous, in the classroop:, in conversation with voiir orofessors and fellow students will remain with you as a stuiulus to deeper study and a wider ran-e of service. It is our further hope that vou will e er he true to yourself, true to your field of learning, ana true to your i.lrs Kater as an institution of hif.her learn inr tnat will ever mer t your loyalty anu suo- port . In =n ape of ?.toms ?na outer space, the history of the worla contini:es to be a story of ineas and ttieir props -ation. r.ntr,e lonr run, if tr.j  orla is to 1 e sa ed fror catastrophe, it will be because t.-.inkinp oeople will continue to insist that spirit of reason and ;-ooQ will shall orivail and not he swallowed up in the mad rush just to ji.ake more bombs ana rockets, . ' (ho can do this better in ihe years tnat lie aheao than ..thens College seniors? As iJaniel .lebster saio: If we work uoori marble it will perish. If we w rK upon brass ti.T.e will efface it. If we rear teii.ples, they will crur.ble to dust, out if we worK upon men ' s urimortal minds, if we imbue them with high principles, with the just fear of Jod and love of their fellow men, we engrave on tnose tablets something wiich no time can efface, and whicn will brighten and brighten to all eternity. fa ithfully yours Perr Presii ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATOR DR. ERWIN C. PAUSTIAN Dr. Paustain, Academic Administrator at Athens College, received his A.B. de- gree at Central Wesleyan College and he received both his M.A. and his Ph.D. from Northwestern University, He is prominent in the field of sociology and he is co- author with P. VV. Paustian of a book en- titled jUi Elementary Sociology . DEAN JOHN W. RAMSDEN Mr. Ramsden has had teaching experience at Alabama College, at the University of Illinois and he served as Education Con- sultant at Fort Benning where he was in the Instructor Training Section of the In- fantry School. STUDENTS 127 MR. L.H. BATTLE Treasurer and Business Manager Mr. Battle came to Athens College in the summer of 1957. Prior to that time he had served as the Super- intendent of Schools in Zebulon, Georgia; he taught at the Mercer University Summer School and at the Emory University Summer School. He holds a Ph.B. from Emory University and a M.A. degree from Emory. He is a member of the National Education Association, Pi Kappa Phi social fraternity, and a past director of the Georgia Education Association. MR. G.G. STARR Registrar Mr. Starr received B.A. degrees from both Lebanon University -and Wilmington College. He attended Ohio State where he earned his M.A. Degree in School Administration. He has done additional study at Ohio State, Columbia University and George Pea- body College for Teachers, He has served as Super- intendent of Public Schools at Arcanum, Ohio and as Registrar and Bursar at Scarritt College. 128 MARY WHITE Bursar Mrs. Mary White came to Athens College in the fall of 1955. Prior to that she worked for the Lime- stone County Bank and the Athens -Limestone Hos- pital. ALMA P. PURYEAR Assistant Registrar Mrs. Puryear worked for fifteen years in a law office and for five years in the Circuit Court Clerk and Register Office. Before coming to Athens College she taught kindergarten for two years. 129 MARTHA PORTER Secretary to the President Mrs. Martha Porter attended both Rivers Academy and Athens College. Before coming to Athens Col- lege In the fall of 1952 she was executive Secretary of Limestone County Red Cross. During the war she was connected with Selective Service. MARY MOORE PHILLIPS Executive Secretary of the Alumni Association Now associated with the Alumni Association entirely, Mrs. Phillips received her B.S. degree at Athens College and was for a short time an instructor in Physical Education at Athens College. v Mh.n. C0II.9. ; ■ • ■• ' Bull ' L? ' .- { .o 130 GENE S. BENTON Music Mr. Benton holds a B.A. degree from Arkansas Tech, an M.A. degree from George Peabody College for Teachers and he has done work on his doctorate at George Peabody College. He was winner of the Arthur Sullivan scholarship and is a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, Professional Music Fraternity of America. D.L. ROSEN AU Business and Political Science Judge Rosenau received his B.A. degree from Yale University and his J.D. from Stanford University. He is a delegate to the International Juvenile Court and he recently attended a convention of that court in Brussels, Belgium. 131 ROBERT COWAN Drama and English Mr. Cowan came to Athens College in the fall of 1957. He received his B. A. degree from Hanover College and his M. F. A. degree from Yale University. Before coming to Athens he was Radio and Television Director for the Laymen ' s National Committee, Radio and Television Director for David J. Jacobson Com- pany, a New York Public Relations firm, and he was associated with the Chicago Tribune for four years. HERBERT L. HUGHES English Dr. Hughes received his B.A. degree from Trans- ylvania College, his M.A. from Columbia University, and his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia. He has had wide experience in the fields of education and publication and he has been very active in the work of Sigma Tau Delta, honorary English fra- ternity. I M. -.- , 132 iOH Sl BARBARA BROOKS Secretarial Science Miss Brooks received her A.B. at the University of Wichita and M.A. from the University of Alabama She is an active member of both the Community Service Committee and the Library Committee. 1% N A.E. MIDDLEBROOKS Head Of The Division Of Humanities Religion Dr. Middlebrooks received his A.B. degree from Bir- mingham-Southern college, his M.A. from Nor±- western University, his B.D. from Garrett Graduate School of Theology, and his Ph.D. from North- western. He has served in some pastorates and as Ed- itor of the Methodist Christian Advocate. RICHARD W. BRYAN Head Of The Division Of Business Administration Dr. Bryan received his Ph.B. from Emory University and his M.S. and Ph.D. from New York University. FRANK ALFORD Physical Education Coach Alford came to Athens College in the sum- mer of 1957. His degrees include a B.A. from the University of the South, and an M.A. from the Uni- versity of Alabama. He had previously served as a high school coach in both Albertville and Fort Payne. E.C. UNNEWEHR Physics and Mathematics Dr. Unnewehr came to Athens College in 1951 from Berea College of Berea, Ohio. He received his B.S. from Purdue University and his Ph.D. from Columbia. He served as Head of the Division of Science and Mathematics while at Athens College. 134 HARRIET JONES College Hostess Mrs. Jones has been associated with the college for twenty -two years as head resident and col- lege hostess. B.R. SHOWALTER Psychology Dr. Showalter has received his education at Oberlin College and at Columbia University. He has served as Professor of Psychology and Education at Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Director of College Extension at API, visiting professor at Yale University, Mil- waukee State Teachers College, and at the University of California. 135 I HALUE H. CARSON Librarian Miss Carson came to Athens College in the fall of 1957 to assume her duties as Librarian. She holds an A.B. degree from Emory College and an M.A. in Library Science from the University of Michigan. EPSIEE. HORN Assistant Librarian Before coming to Athens college Mrs. Horn spent two years working with blueprints and inspection in aircraft work and she was also receptionist for the Highland Avenue Clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. LORAINE B. PABST History Dr. Pabst received her B.S. degree from Eastern Illinois State College and her M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. She has taught in Illinois and at Morning-Side College in Sioux City, Iowa. 136 MARTHA HOWELL Education Dr. Howell received her B. A. degree from Birming- ham-Southern, her M.A. from the University of Alabama and her Ed.D. from the University of Alabama. She is a member of Delta Kappa Gamma, honorary educational society and Kappa Delta Pi, honorary educational fraternity. «. J ifo jmrn.- MARY HANEY College Dietician MRS. L.H, BATTLE Head Resident of Sanders Hall MYRTLE COPELAND ' Manager, Student Center Though not a professor in the strict sense of the word, Mrs. Copeland is in daily contact with the students and many girls are able to learn from her the gracious and hospitable way to pour a cup of coffee. FRANCES MURRELL English Mrs. Murrell received her B.S. degree from Middle Tennessee State College, her M.A. from George Peabody, and she has done additional graduate work at the University of Tennessee. She has been an Ed- ucation Specialist in the U.S. Army and was on the Ambassador ' s staff in Managua, Nicaragua. v ' rL ' v, 2tr 2 CARLTON WHITT Chemistry Mr. Whitt received his A.B. and his M.S. degrees from the University of Alabama. He has done additional graduate study at Iowa State Teacher ' s College. He is now employed at Chemstrand in De- catur as a chemical analyst. s 32.U ' . Cx s in V j: XZr 138 ANGELINE NAZARETIAN Head Of The Physical Education Department Miss Nazaretian received her A.B. at Alabama Col- lege and her M.A. at the University of Alabama. Before coming to Athens College, Miss Nazaretian taught in high school and served as counselor in several summer camps. CHARLES E. MATTHEWS Romance Languages Dr. Matthews received his A.B. Degree from Amherst College and his Ph.D. at John Hopkins University and at the Sorbonne in Paris. He has served as precep- tor in French at Princeton University and as Professor of French at Louisiana State University. «0 5  ' r JOHN B. MILES Mathematics and Science Dr. Miles received both his A.B. and his Ph.D. from Princeton University. He has served as research physicist with the E.l. du Pont Company and as Assistant Chief Supervisor of the Technical Depart- ment of the Manhattan Project. At present he is a group leader and a Research Scientist for the Chem- strand Corporation. 139 LAWRENCE F. EDWARDS Art Mr. Edwards received his B. A. from Mississippi Southern and his M.F. A. from the University of Mississippi. He attended the Ogunquit School of painting in Ogunquit, Maine and he has taught at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee. ALVAH ROWE Engineering Drawing Mr. Rowe received his B.S. in mechanical engineering and his M.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Since coming to Athens College in 1956 he has taught Engineering Drawing, Descriptive Geomet:y, Integral Calculus, and Differential Cal- culus. BILLIE MAY Secretarial Science, Business, English Mrs. May received her B.S. degree from Living- stone State Teachers College and she is now actively engaged as a teacher on the Athens Col- lege campus. ■s PHIL J. LEVINE Biology Mr. Levine received his B.A. degree from Vander- bilt University and his M.A. from George Peabody College. He is a member of Beta Beta Beta Bio- logical Honor Society and Phi Delta Kappa Educa- tional Fraternity. Before coming to Athens College, Mr. Levine served in the U.S. Army. «  :■ ANDREW I. SMITH Chemistry Mr. Smith received his A.B. degree from Oberlin College and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Western Re- serve University. He is now employed as a research chemist for the Chemstrand Corporation. NATHANIEL F. FORSYTH Head Of The Division Of Social Science Social Science Dr. Forsyth received his A. B. from the University of Maine, his S.T.B. from the Boston University School of Theology, and his Ph.D. from Northwestern Uni- versity. He is now the advisor for both the Student Christian Association and The Athenian. t M i y J I f ! Supporters THEC. E. 1. STORE Bibles Books - Greeting Cards Church Supplies Northwest Corner of the Square Athens, Alabama Compliments MILLER ' S DEPARTMENT STORE Athens most modern Department store Athens, Alabama Meet and eat at ATHENS CAFE W. E. ESTES SON Burks Water Systems GMC Trucks Sales and Service Athens, Alabama Compliments of HENDRICKS-PATTON FURNITURE Athens, Alabama Compliments of THE LIMESTONE DRUGSTORE Athens, Alabama Compliments of MARTIN HOLLAND INSURANCE Athens, Alabama Compliments of SWEET SUE POULTRY Athens, Alabama Compliments of Your AMOCO GAS DISTRIBUTORS Decatur, Alabama MITCHELL SERVICE STATION Your Pure Oil Dealer 150 2nd Ave., N.E. Decatur, Alabama DECATUR PRINTING COMPANY We don ' t do All the good printing. . . but all we do is good. Decatur, Alabama SPEAKE-WARREN RATLIFF Dry goods, clothing, and Ready to wear 210 2nd Ave., S. E. Decatur, Alabama Compliments of ALABAMA OIL COMPANY P. O. Box 422 Decatur, Alabama Compliments of THE DECATUR DAILY Phone: EL 3-4612 Decatur, Alabama Compliments of BARNEYS ' PORK HOUSE New Moulton Hi-way Phone: EL 3-8688 Decatur, Alabama Compliments of DR. PEPPER BOTTLING COMPANY Athens, Alabama Compliments of LIMESTONE COUNTY BANK Athens, Alabama Large enough to serve you Small enough to want to Member F.D.I.C. and Federal Reserve System Compliments ATHENS LUMBER COMPANY Phone: 1000 Athens, Alabama YOUR QUALITY FAMILY STORE CLOTHING for the Entire Family FURNISHINGS for the Home HUNTSVILLE, ALABAAVA ' • I ■ ■ -■— — ■ . Your Headquarters in Huntsville Complimenh of H. RYAN APPLIANCES INC. Your furniture and appliance super market 2nd Avenue Decatur, Alabama Compliments of STATE NATIONAL BANK Member of Federal Reserve System and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Athens, Alabama VINSONS JEWELERS Your Bridal and Gifi- Center Athens, Alabama Compliments of WHITE MOTOR SALES Athens, Alabama Compliments of DIXIE-LEE SERVICE Athens, Alabama Compliments of ROSS HOTEL Athens, Alabama Compliments of CRUTCHER DRUG CO. Athens, Alabama FLO-LEA SHOP Ladies ready-to-wear and millinery Athens, Alabama JACKSON OFFICE EQUIPMENT CO. Sales and Repairs Of Office Supplies Athens, Alabama Compliments of LUCKY GIRL SHOP Athens, Alabama Compliments of SEWELL ' S BARBER SHOP Athens, Alabama Compliments of BEN JAFFE DEPARTMENT STORE Athens, Alabama Compliments of JAMES CHEVROLET COMPANY Athens, Alabama Compliments of BILLS JEWELRY Athens, Alabama Compliments of SHERWIN-WILLIAMS COMPANY Athens, Alabama Compliments of KENNEMER FORD SALES, INC. Athens, Alabama Compliments of LEE ' S Decatur, Alabama Compliments of MAULSBY ' S HAT SHOPE Decatur, Alabama I I Compliments of WILLIAM ' S JEWELRY Athens, Alabama Compliments of THE JEWEL BOX Athens, Alabama Compliments of KREME-DELIGHT and THE SPUDNUTSHOP Athens, Alabama Compliments of EARL GLENN INSURANCE AGENCY Decatur, Alabama Compliments of CITY PARK FLOWER SHOP Decatur, Alabama Compliments of PET DAIRY PRODUCTS Decatur, Alabama Compliments of WHITE ' S JEWELRY Decatur, Alabama Compliments of SAM BOWEN COMPANY Athens, Alabama Compliments of THE FRANK P. TURNER AGENCY Athens, Alabama Compliments of CRUTCHER AND SON HARDWARE Athens, Alabama Compliments of BELK-HUDSON Decatur, Alabama Compliments of GUIRE ' S VARIETY STORE Decatur, Alabama Compliments of ROBERTS ' MENS AND BOYS Decatur, Alabama Compliments of THE FAMILY SHOE STORE Decatur, Alabama Compliments of FRED KING AND SON Athens, Alabama Compliments of U. G. WHITE HARDWARE Athens, Alabama Compliments of SPENCER IMPLEMENT COMPANY Athens, Alabama Compliments of MCWILLIAMS AND RICHARDSON INSURANCE AGENCY Athens, Alabama Compliments of MCDONALD ' S BAKERY Athens, Alabama Read the ALABAMA COURIER and the LIMESTONE DEMOCRAT Steele McGrew Publisher Printing-office Supplies Phone 167 Athens, Alabama Compliments of O. K. RUBBER WELDERS Money Back Guarantee On ALL Work Athens, Alabama Compliments of SUE-WIL GRILL Home of Good Food Athens, Alabama 1 Compliments of THE COCA-COLA BOTTLING WORKS Drink Coca-Cola in Bottles Delicious and Refreshing Athens, Alabama Compliments of MAGNUSSON ' S IMPORT MOTORS Volkswagen Sales and Service Box 623 Athens, Alabama Compliments of H. H. BARBEQUE RANCH Athens, Alabama Compliments of Griffis Electric Athens Modern Cleaners Athens Anderson Office Equipment Decatur Samuel ' s Ladies Shop Decatur J. C. Penney Company Decatur Simmon ' s Standard Ser. Sta. Decatur Big Bob Gibson Bar-B-Q Decatur Spur Service Station 9 W Decatur Cluxton ' s Jewelry Athens P H Super Market Decatur Gulf Neighborhood Ser. Sta. Decatur Arnold Hornbuckle Record Shop Decatur Arnold Hornbuckle Record Shop Huntsvllle City Cleaners Laundry Athens Athens Florist Athens Farmers Supply Store Athens Kill en Tractor Company Athens Earl King ' s Dry Goods Store Athens • ' t b ' -•■ ' • ' THANKS As the 1959 COLUMNS goes to press we wish to thank the great number of people whose assistance has made the publication of this yearbook possible. Thanks to: AC students for their cooperation. Our photographers, Esco McBay, Tommy King, and Mr. Hub Gardner. Those AC faculty and administrative members who have been so considerate. Mr. Phil Levine, staff advisor, for his guidance in the publication of this, AC ' s biggest annual ever. The entire annual staff for their untiring efforts and their willingness to give up free time to work on the 1959 COLUMNS. To all these wonderful folks we have named and to the others whose assistance was helpful but whose names we haven ' t listed we offer our most sincere thanks. EVELYN HILLARD - Business Manager DEAN McMINN - Editor YEARIOOKS ¥ % Footprints in the ] L f 5ond5 of Timd m ■i . ' .  j« viiA, ' Vh - ■-■• «rV (l ' ■m: ' ' ' -: ! •• «. ' i ' Mfim M m M m; 1