Ardmore High School - Spectrum Yearbook (Ardmore, OK)

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THE CRITERION Secoml VV111l e 1 111 1 11111 x llq Xlll 1 t LL ll N 4lLlJLIl1lU mug 1 N 1 L 11 1 111 ll 1 XXht11t11s Il Ltul Q11 1 L hL111t1 X 1711 L e Qlmx ll wuetx lLLLll 1 new ec 11 sel11111l1111111 L11 ff 1111 11t111O 4 1 N N xx .mul 111 111m 1111 L X lLNll L R x 1 1 S 1 ll me tx 0 L 1 N 1 L Q 11111l X1 LI xxnll 1 U Q ex f 1 In 1 'U O N IQ L ll N L11111 rletul LII N M L 1 llkll new 15 U uthu s l'1gl1tl'1 G1 ule Qom111eme111e11t ll uw IX um Q 1 L 1 Nfl 1 N ful lllll ss xxlll Ll 111 111e11ee111c11t p111g1'1111N 1111 New lll 11e ax IL eldxs w111p11xul 1 1xt1 uxht llltllll NCNCHIN the Qld so ll NN 111tx Clgll M me LL lll 1 lLXIll0'llll t N 111111 N etutule X S N ll 1 s LCNNIIX su llll N 1 emhcl 11 U 0 t 15 tx Lf 1 l7Ll1l ll fnuett 11e'X Tl as 9 eel 1 Cl xx llLl1 the ell N 11 lll 1 S 1 L ll Us 111 11 ll1 11111 h'1 e hut 1 QQL N -, 1g 0 16 f11111es Zlllfl lHUXXlllCN was cc mx 1ll IC 1 111e Qp1r1t5 .15 xxmcls e uclx 11111 uw 11111 011 'ue stu 111Qr11 s 1111 mmcx 111 1 fetel1111v Hmxer effettx Sflllffs 0111-y 11 hem amu11cl IS amut 111 1 1111111168 lll luv le SCe11eQ fmm Hllll 1t11 are tlose 11 11el1 Lrmgfellow has 111 ule lcllllllllk 111 1 1101111 Real I11d1a11s xull do tl1e aetmg .md talk , 1 N ge t XX11h L , 11 1 lt 1 L N 11111 1 I JT -me 1 1 Jl 1 HU4 hx 1 it yy 1 1 1 1 11111 ls NIISS Pl If XBI Tll H XNINIOND l1llCI'Hl glk 1 nge lL 1 1 111 11 1 1 1 0 K1 me N 11111 N Jumtln S 1 x L 110 l xx ll 1 1-1 11111 1 I1 t1e hut Il 0 NN lb Nll 1 ll S e ls 11 1 If mt 1111111 iellfmx do 111111 Qhe 1s so S11 t it 111 1 1 t1 1 l 111x No one mll I'6QlSt ng Xllll tus Ill. LYCl11f thu 11111t pzud 29 ' 1 ' 1115 will 1'e11l llllllllll flllf' we ting. 111hl'1111x 1l1'ill 11111l 111'1ff11111l l111li1111 s 11315, ' vill 'llhl per CCIIL 1114 llllL'llll1lllCC lll XY: 511' gt 111 1111114-11 11-011111-1-1'11l 1-1 .,f '- U,-Q, Sell l1Zl.' 110011 1'CIllIll'li1llJlj' l '5'l1 this ,' -1 ' 'mil XYI Il is lll4ll'C llCCIll-lll lllfll the selmul 1 ' the the llflgll. el1 1'I' l I'21u'e.' C2111 he ' ' 'l U11 pe11l'. the lllllllll' selnml. the 1 1llie sehfml llll' l'l 1'11i11 111' fl i11e. sl1 ll llIlYC the yfewple 5 .1.' e111l1le11l1111t ' 'hile 'llh' seho l gl'lJlllllS :11'e 111 It state ' up- 11 Cl'1lWllS the 1'111tl1f11l ehil1l'e1 vitl gf '1 11: l1e1 '11l. clue 111 the W1 rl: 111' Q'l'IltllllQ'. ' ' l 1114 11pp1'111'11l. . is e llllkl' ' , tl1 will he 1111 111 11 -1 'ful - :eh l sit- 111 cjlillllllblllil. A Th ' ' S 1 -' '1'1 tl' 1 -11t l t the ' 1 . 21 llllC St' 'Zll'l p1et111'e11f Xxvlhll- i11,,t . il hu ' tj' ll11j' '1111l .'CX'C1'Z1l g'11111ll 'ell- f1 1 1 1 t 111' twl 511 1 1011. 'l'l1-11' gu- eietv' x'111'l' this yezu' llIl,' lK'Cll 11110 1l'1.'i11b'. Th' hlflllCl'. Clulm 'llltl Civic l,'1l.'llC of , See x ll'fl is 11ex'-' XX'C2ll'f' 111 -l llll. 'llh 111'e pl111111i11p' ff1'e111 tl1i11g': L11 111 lll -11111- fyi1l' th- gr 11111lS :ls ftlflll 215 1110 g'1'111li11g' is ' 1 - ' . 'l'l11 q11ei:1l 111eeti11,'Q 111'e 'll.lllyZlJlC llllkl Ill ' llll -' . 1111111ifes1'l hy lJZlll'HllS 11111l . 1- 1 -I . N , U 'lllll lzr' lllK', Mu 38th. 111 S 1 cfelcrli. lll R1 hi: ll 11pe1'11 l1 111.'e. 1110 1 11:11 k el11.'.' ull 11110 uf the must 111I1'11etix'e ' 111- ' ' VA 'Ill 1 , . 11- -.-,-5, , 161.5 Te: ' - '1'I11fl'gl ' 1'e1 ' 3 5 - f'sQ 1' Kli .'.' Nlilllll l711x'is of tl il . 11111l. M1 .-,- ,Xl 'X AXA-H 1-1 'l 1151. Ii .rl A-nh. Wm ww-C L-tilw 4:1 UML. to l el A l: 1 li hefl tw lllIlliC 1111 1 ' ' 111jf :ls .hilt GH W4 ull 'WM UZ.. ' N her' ' ' , yet tu l'ee11 the el11.'ses 1l1,'t'1't it 'I 4,1 llhupiu-if '21, 'I-QC., w11.' IIC' .Q.' 1 111 SCClll'C 5 111e1l1i11g hrief 1 l 1 1 1,'ri..f ' :ll ' . This was l-fllllltl 1 N'ix'i11b' the 'l' is uf ' Jim. ' , -dnl IH ll IMI 1.11 -D to I 1, fllll' I'-'igl li l xi til' l 1 11, XYl'l1 . ll 'tzlx I I. .,, ' ' N .11 15' Htl - -1'- -15.1 111 '-15 11-111 pre- mb- :ent 11 series nf piet111'es llllll s'tt' 161' -'JI 1?- 1 1 t 1 lli .'.' lithline llill. 'llh J, as its ll'llllC Sllk'K Sl.'. 1: Zl 'wel XYI1 iq 't 'my 1'll ef tl Q' .' ' ' ' 1 .',1 '.'t'l l-' 1 tl .'l1 tl 1l'i1 l ll'll ' . ' ' ' ' 'lo 1 ' ln 1111cl 'll'1 1 'F 5 ll' . lzx' . Th '1 1 ' Q1 'tl' 1' l ll.'1 l 1 3 J tl 1X11cl , 1 3 Q 'ee ' ' h ' ' f bi' 'x ,' ' ' Th. lm' with he1' is: 'e'1t. A l . lt l tl ' ti ' A Sth. .Xml 'll h' qt het Tl . . ' U '1 '1 lin l 1' 'l' 1 5 ' HQ 1 llei K' l lf' 1i1l

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THE CRITERION W1t11 the Exchanges L 1 11 1 fm 11 1 1Lll11l s ss I1 1 1 1 11 1 X l L1 s 111 1 1111 N 11111 4 xL N 1 ll L N1 61 11 s 11 11s11111111 1111111111111L111s I1 lll t11c st111c111111111 1111 11 1 lI1C'1N1 C1CNC1XLi1 111c11 11 XXL 110 1J1ClNU1 111 11111111xx1cc11L 1110 1111111 111 1111 1111111111110 cx1111111gLs L sw 11 1 1 O 1 211 1 1c1 Q 'ue U 11 1 1 11s wg. 111 IC cm 111131 cu 1 11111 L 1 Ny lb 1 u1111111c11c1u1 f111 11s cut 111111-111 uxs LC Q1 Nmm 111 V1 1111 t1111f1s C4 1110 111 S1111 11111 IQLN 1 11 11 111 1 s111ss11111 111 IX a e 1 Q Cf llll Q 1 1111111 11110 is xx 19 1101111111 11 'I11c L111111111s 1111 IX 111 LHIXCIN 1 111.66 s MJXHC C111 IC HL 1 11133 CX Q1 f1CNLTXC s11eu11 111111111111 19 XX171r11 110111 CJNNIIIIIIQ1' 1 ls 1111 excc11t111111111 11 1 111111111111 111 .11111U11'1111c '11111 1 1 111011111111 '1 111 1 s111s ll 1 H111 no tel the swurces r11 111111 6XQ11Z11'lfTCQ IC 031111111 111011 81111111 N1r111t111x fCcxc 1 7111 1s '1 11111 1111111101 111 11111 CXL1l'1I1Q' 11111111111 Its u1111c11t1r111.11 11L11111111c11t 11c11f1111ffs 'IFC 11111 uorthx 111 111011111111 as me 1tS mmt stf11lCH XXL flg'l1ll udmmc thc Red 111111 Blink, '1 I sm s 11 1 XXINI 1L 111 1111111 L 1 111 1 111 111Css SLIM ll 1 ' lk Ik L 1 L Ll 1 1 11 1st 11111 1 111 Q NL1 11 1ss fed 11111 1 1111 1 lL '1 111 X l1lJ11fL 1l111L 1 Q1u11ffL XX1s11111ff1 1 NIIC1 111 Xmeuc , 1 1111110 1111 1JQ1lll1L 111111 l11L1 1 111 111101 passu 1 11 N111 1 111 1 1 s11111111sc IC xkl 1111 , s 1sL 11e1c1estot mxus N Q 111111 1111 11C'1C11C1 111 13115 Qlcs 1011 11110 IIILNI 1l1l1L 1111111 meets 11110 1 1 Ls1s1 JL IX 11111 1111111 s 8011111111111 11 I 11101 11161 110 Hl'li'1lCC1 Good Bye 10111 Q11 1111 11111 1 1111111 1011 C1111 111s CIN 010 0111111 ls 111111 01 1611 101 0 1 1111 1 111 11111 11111 1111114111 kase I ne IIX 11111 1111 1011 1 know XOllC1OI1t lub mc, 1.1sL 11111 1111111 pax mc 110 S1.1'11V,:yOU11Q con 111 11111f111s 111s 110011 11111111 21.1l1J1CS 111111 mouc 111111 11111 11111 lmwxxs 110 H0011 110014 saw ll s X111 11 11111111 tl Ise Jecn Ll erl 1111 11 s gwmc to 136131115011 m 0 31110 1Cll1tCl1t1Z11X 1111616 I goes ye kamt Cfmc 11111 1 gucs to 11111111116 1 place for 11111, 11111 max 411 L111 11 117.170 mercx on your souls xl 011 1356 ' x 1 1 . 1 1 '11111 X'4'1'1f 111 11 1 excl 111131 C1111 1' is 21 'cry 1111111 111111c11 11:111c1' I-1.1111 L'c11t1':11 31111111211 '1'1'11i11- 11:11't'1 1 ' 1111511105: 1111 111111 11111 111 1110 111 '1111' '111111 ing' 11ig11 SL'114Il11. '111111 H11L'l'f 111111515 411 1111.1 111 11':11's lll-1111614111-C1111g'111L' 1'11111:11'14s 111:111c. 11 1111-11111 :1111 1-1 111111111111 gxlitlll. is 111 1111 111 11611, 11 11'cx'c1', 111:11 '111' 1'1'ic1111s V111 111 111 1111 11's1:11111, 111:11 :111 c1'i1i111s111s 111:11111 111' llf . . 1 . - 1 . . . . . ' XX 1 '51 111 11lZlI11i '11 1 St 10111 ' J1'1n- 111'c 1171111 IL 111111111111 S121 11111111. .X11l1, '111c1', ,. . . . . D . ' 1141 IL L11' 1111' 11s 11111 11 Ill 91 1 lg ex- wc Q1 11 111' 111 :11111 111111 :111 1'c111:11'kf 1111 1111' ' . . . ' 1 . , L'11Il11g'L'S, 1111 111 x1'c'1 g1'111 11 1111' 1011 111' 11 111 1:11 -11, 111.1111 ' 11111 11':1111c 111' 111c1'11'1:c,, :11'c . . . . . . 11111' 111111 111 1111111' s 15 : ' 7 f ' I ' 1 5 Q '11 .1 1 1 I 111011111111 E 11111. Y' V 17' 5 ' ' S1 t Q111s1411' C111 1'- B1'.1' -- 1 1 1 i11- 1 ' S 11c1 1 41 F1111 1111' .2111 1 1' 1112 T111 C1'i111.' ll 1QI1lN1J1Cl' 111' 111111 1'11, 1413.1 'l'1g -11111--4 lJ1111'1 111Q111i1111 il, it is 1 ere is Z1 111:11 13 161 1111' 1 xx' 1 ' U11 1 111 11111: tl'it1Q'u-1':4'. witl .1 1 1' . '111 i111 '1 t 's 1 1'-1111' 111111111cf1 111111 ef1it111-ing 511-Q Q-11011. 1X Sc+11c11111:111 was gazing 1111111g'11tf1111y 11t Z1 X X ,F 1:11'g'c 1, ' If s 1 1 11' 1 1 'U 1 '1 i ' bt 111. 1 1 . . , . . 111111 x1'f1s ZL f1'1'c:11 111111, QI' 1 4 2111 1111 l'1':1111 1111111 51111 111.'1'x', C7111 , IS 11 11C . . . H ' . 1 , - 'll D1 1 , 1 : 1 1' ' ' 5' 1113 11115.11 1: 'S 11: XM, s:1i11 11 1 ,' ' 111 1211, ST , if 1 L' ' V' X1 tt -Y ' 1 . O1'1. .Z 11111' 11 1 '111j1'11 111g ll 13 1, '14 11 ' , ' you 'Tm 1 1' Sf 1 ' .1 :11 1 11111 s Y: 1' it is with 1111s 121 '1111111i. 1 VUXY1 1' '11 14 : 11111 ge C1 's ? 's ' 3 1? 'c11 1111 5 111 , 1 ' '- 11 - XXI 1 1 1' 5 ' tlc' gk 9, 4. 111' 11111 1111 1,3 ' 11 1 C115 ? 1 1 1 , j 11' 1 , , 4 .1 ry 4 - Q v . - B K 4 Q-1' C 1 - ' ' 3 11' 1 .121 1'f1'1 1 ' '.'1t,' ' 1 1: 5 s. '1'1 1 111s, ' ?1 ' - '- 1 :K 24 vs 1' 1 ' 11' 1 1 : ' ' 1 1. T1 ' . N. Y., 'T . , . . ' 1: 1 1,1iZ.'C e 1 1' 1c1 'c11. I .r I ' U44 ll ' ' xc .1 ' 1 . . 1 5 ' , 1'11 ' 11111 143 1 1', ' T 1JC1' 11 1 51 1 1s '1111s:1:111'c. ' ,t '- . 1 1 1 . v 1 3 ' 11111 -' ' 1' 1' . ' ' 1' 1 1 . 1 n 1 1 ., ., , ' . , . . , 1 ' - 11 . xl K n if Pk :cf - '- ' ' '1 1 Q' :Q , ' 1 5 11 r 4 - 1 l . y Fl ' s -1 ' ' - ,' 1 ' ' ' s. 1 -' ' A U . , By 121111- C 11 1 5 I 1 ' ' 1 ' ' f .C 1110 f1'11i1.', 1 s1:11 ' ' ' 1Cl1l.,, ' 1 ' - ' ' ' 1 ' ' 2 ' 1,-' 'Z11 '1 , If 1' 1 ' d 5 1 , 1 . ' ' .1 ' '1 ' '1. 1 C1 - '.-If.: 12'

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THE CRITERION The Hlgh School Aux1l1ary Socxety C lffl Ll1111 XllllX 111 xx 1 111' famzecl Ill the I1ll 111 111111.11111 lllllllllul 1111l en t1 tle 11111114 1 4 11-N umtut tl1ete11l1e1N p 1111- tlm pu lt IIC 1 l1S11111 , Ll lll 11 xg 1 ll t21t11111 11.11 Lxteucleal N tlm t1 11.1111 llu 111eet111QN t 11110 ll Ill 111 XL 1 1 been well 'lttendecl Zlllt '1 QlQ'l. 11111101 ms been sl11m11 111 thc 111111 112 1111111 11111 fltlllff the lJll1J1lS tl1111 2111 11111le1Nt21111l111, Lust 11111 l1ctxxee11 te.1Ll1L1w md 1111111115 tl1L gula l1 lx been 1llIClCNtCCl 111 lllc1lXll1Q the Hlffll SC11111l ff11m1111cl5 serx1Le.1l1le 111 1ll people, 211111 stqmx lmxe 'alreaclx been lQ'Ilxt,l1 to 131011116 bettees tw IJIJLC on the g'I'OL11lClN 11Q bemg tl1e hx t xe211 It tlm Lllllb tum 1121s not been as 11111111 xx111lx 1LL11111pl1bl1c1l 1 mccl but It 11 LL tllt ncxt 11211 11111 p21t11n1s max be lJI'Oll0'llI 111t11 the Qlulm 21111l tl111N 1111111: xxwrlx be .1Lc11111pl1sl1L1l XI 40 Ill X L MISS NIA! D D U I5 Pr1nc,1pal of Franklm School He lmecl the 1112111611 l11m n11le11tlx 1111110 knew but lnmselt .1111 tlC .1111 If x s 1 last hls opportumtx Ilhew xx ere alone together N 2 N11 L 1 111 NllLlL I11 - 1 ll 11 1 ll Ll XI N 2 x ll C1 JCII ll N N lll IC msg 1111 l121111l 51111 0 1 N 1 1111 1111 IL x 111 llNNlllf' X llllul tc Q l1 11111' tl1L ll11l4lCl1 11110 1 1 1 11111ttC11.1 11111 111tx S ll ll L 1111 1 u 111 1 Il unxxu lX 1 N 1111 1 16111111 N 11 1 11 111111 gg 1111 N x 'I he Mcmot Congress 11111 L Q L 111 11111 ll4lllN N Q NN lllf' t nc 1, 1 1112111 ls 1111116 16:11 2 1 lllf' Q 1111 tl1g fflll ll 1 ,L111111 1111f11us xx1ll l121x1L e111e1 L 1 LNLlll xg L llc 1111 N 1111 t x L1 bun 2 11111.11 LQIN llll ll ILQII llllls 11111 1521 111wcsN11111N liuum 1l1f1t11111 111 C111xc1r11111e11t llxcltlffll 111 Lulu lf 1 lL 1 11111 111 la1 N xe1111x111Q 111 xeN11Lt11111x 111111 l111l1.111 211111 ruxts '1ll thus 1111l 1111111 l11xc been Sub entb 1 11111111111 11111 1 1 111 21111 CQlSll e 1 Ll 11111s1 111115 1461 mc El N11 u1t 111 ,N 1 Q11 ll 111 c 11111 mentux 11111111 11111 111111 mx N .11 111165 1215 1111 the lx f 1 fl l'1e1e11u 111 cr 111 121 11111121 l1.1s lmcgu the Heh Q1, IISILIIIC 1x1111L1L, IL 1111l Nl11g11e11 0 N1l1le 1110 Q21ll1111111 111 ilu 81.11 tc 51111 ew llfll lll l,11tt NlLllll1l XX1111ls lzlglx L111111111 1111l llmx XX 21ll1e1 lllXC 111 11lL 111011 statcS Hoo 5111 mars mug fl lxw1uu1t1t1xu xxmk been stre11111111s ben 111Qe of the ClCLlSlU1'l du Hltkl .1111 f111t 111 91112211101 George XX1ll11111x Spedlxere lxeul flllfl Q 11111011 l1'1xc made records 1 1 1111 11111 21111 111112116 jm lmt XX1lll21l11S l1'1N 1111t1l1Nt21111ul the tuo c7211Q Gzul Cruce 121s 10011 110 Q 110111 clulx ne H11111' le211c1s l12ue 110011 XllCl1 SLIN2111 Nlmx Bxrcl Isabel 30 ' ' 'l'i111i1lly l111 .'c211111l l1i111.'11lf 1111 the s11t'f1 lwy l1C1' M 1 n . 1 I 21111l still 111 '1 ti111i1lly l1c '1 'l1c1l ' 1'1l1 111 11, 1-11 5: 'I A-Xllf li 5 'WU' 'QV l1iy 211'111 Zlllll t111lc l1c1' lily wl1i111l121111l '1 l1is. S 3 I U 1 ukilll 'l l21, l1c l '12 tllcfl. l l11x'c1 1' 111. 0 li-' l Sex' '11' 1 11 ' 11 lm1'111g111j' llllll 'l 501' MH Um Cl uv?-1 ' 2 ' 2 ' 21111l Zlli' 3 11f 1 qpils --11,41 - 13' lksj 1116 B-51' 1 . K. , If 1' l Hg' .f 'l rl. l21t1' tl 1 1211' 211 lX'l' . ' ' 3 tu Zlll p21t1'1111: lll 1 li1'1l --Ani m fl-,.tv he 1, Z lcd. '111 . ' - M x 111' Sl ' I 1 flu' law v1 ' ls l A ll11'11 l1i.' M1111-Q 1 10111. ' 1 . 1 f l 17t 131' lvl gm lllf' 2 1 It '1 11 teal. '- 5 ' l ' ' '17 A5 1' '. l lu X1, crubl ?g'i'l, he ,'1l. Y 1' 1-1 ' ' fl 1' ' lwez -' llZl,' 11 l1 1 l1:1 l'IllC. I will l21x'c 1-1 ' ' ' 1 I ' 1' x ll ff 2 1 2 5 XYl I' sl11111l1l l 1' 1lc21.'c 5' 1' lZlllfl?.' ' ' 1' ' ' .4 5 l l' 12 . fl 1 5211 l. my l121i1' 1 lll Q' ' 5 ' ' ' 5 ' 1' 1l11 ' 21111l l wiill tll 115 it. 'I'l'. ' S 1' 1' 1 1 l I' . .4 1 , 1 ll Z u 'N I-S S1 tl11 .'21x'1l will f21ll 111 l 1 ' If g V lb 1 P . 1 'X ' lf 111 tllc .X111c1'ic2111 C0111 '1'c.':, silt' 5 111 l1c -X1'1l- i 'Y ' i 6 ,h ' 1111 ' l'l'f1'l1 Sch ml, l l.'C it ' 1 flull ' ' ' , 21111l i11x t' ' llllll XX'21.'l1i11 't ll. 2 l 1 1'1l1 112 1:1 11 sc-. l . P ' . fg . tell U 5 l Q N ' 1 ll .Xs 1l11 rel 1' 1 2111 '1s 1' 1111111 111 l 111' ' 1:11- -,X tue llcv' 11ff1' every p1'1111f11f Z1 j'C'll'. C111 l15 :l2 '1 I2 ' ff ' 'pl 11d I I B., 1-1 -1 'zz ' h' 1 . , f Q AX111 ' ' ' '. M1 l'l 2t' ' 'l 'iff:, N . . . . . . ,A 71 l'1 ' 1' l' qt' ' 5 1' ' l lf, , ' T 2' 2 2' l '1 2 ' l 2 1 ' f 11' 1 ' ' 1l 11 .'11l-12111 ' l l K'.'2flU!1. H I11 tl1 111111' l ff l. ll tt ', 21s ' '4 l' 1 1 lJl'C. l' , 11' tcm.. ll'l.' lc1 2 JY. Q 1 ' .1'li21- 1 - , ' l 1 1l',' J 1 l'.' Q 52 , , A lc1 cler' 21111l ll 311111 110. K' l 'l' - 'ff :Q 'll 'k ' Ul'l'l '. 1 ' l 't ' ' 12 A 1 ' X2 ' 'l 1 tl 1 Clay, 2 , 2' t If . 1 - f1 , . ' 1 ,' 1 Z1 . 2 N - 1'1,l,Z l ' .1 1 2 ' ' 15, b 1' l -5 A 2 ' ' ' 2 ' 2 1 ' 5 . 6 d 1 I11tl1c ll 1' '11 2 ' ' has . I. K Y. I2 'l ' l Uh' '7 TQ ' ' ' l 1 .' ' , . T , Q2 I . ' ' f11'2f1' 'l' ' lf '2 . ' ' ' ' ' ' l l l' ll2 czt. At l' 5 l l 1 I 1 l ' ' v , Y f , 4 y rr - v , 4